016009   Anil Kumar M;Krishna Reddy M;Sarangapani M (Reproductive Physiology Unit, Zoology Dep, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh) : Changes in enzyme levels in male albino rats due to effect of novel heterocyclic compound. Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 4(2), 205-8.

The study is designed to study the effect of a novel heterocyclic compound on LDH, SDH and GDH activities in different tissues to understand the enzyme levels and their role in male albino rats. The treatment with ethyl-1-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylideneamino)-1,2,3,6- tetrahydro-4-methyl-2-oxo-6-phenyl pyrimidine-5-carboxylate compound at dose level of 50 mg/kg/b.wt. for 21 days did cause a mild change in enzyme levels in reproductive and somatic tissues of treated rats. In order to assess physiological changes in testis, brain, heart, liver ancd kidney of rats, estimation of LDH, SDH and GDH activities has been under taken. The result showed a mild increase in LDH and SDH levels but in contrast, same treatment caused a mild decrease in GDH levels.

3 tables, 18 ref

016008   Akhare Y D;Akarte S R (Zoology Dep, Vidyabharati Mahavidyalaya, Camp, Amravati-444 602, Email: ydakhare.2007@rediffmail.com) : Comparative study of polytene chromosome in different dipterian larvae. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(2), 343-6.

Variations in the polytene chromosome of different dipterian larvae viz. Drosophila, Culex, Anopheles and Midge flies were observed. Flies were collected from the muddy ponds and Drosophila reared on fruit banana. They were reared in laboratory and cultured for next generation. Third instar larvae from each culture were selected for observation of polytene chromosome from their salivary glands. The morphological observations in the polytene chromosome of Chironomous and Drosophila were well documented and the comparative account for the microscopic features of chromosomes of different dipterian larvae is represented. The normal growth of the flies without any environmental fluctuation produced no larval chromosomal aberration. Chromosome morphology was analyzed for the study of chromosome banding pattern, followed by description of arms to compare larval identification from salivary gland chromosome of different dipterians.

5 illus, 13 ref

016007   Aegil I;Senthamilselvan P;Sivakumari V (Eniveronmental and Herbal Sciences, Tamil University, Thanjavur) : Protective role of Vitis vinifera seed on isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats. Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 4(1), 33-5.

Myocardial infarction is a clinical syndrome arising from sudden and persistent curtallment of myocardial blood supply resulting in the necrosis of the myocardium. In the study, isoproterenol, a β-adrenergic agonist was chosen to induce myocardial necrosis. Vitis vinifera seed pretreatment proved t be effective in reducing the extent of myocardial damage, associated lipid peroxidation, thus maintaining, as suggested by biochemical indicaes, the structure and function of the myocardium. There was the potential cardio protective activity of Vitis vinifera seed due to the presence of therapeutic phytochemicals such as flavanoids, grape-sugar, tannin and tocopherol.

1 table, 7 ref

016006   Adewole S O (Zoology Dep, Faculty of Science Ado-Ekiti, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State (NIGERIA), Email: Samson_adewole@yahoo.com) : Infection rates of cyclops vector of dracunculiasis in endemic communities of Ekiti state Nigeria. Ultra Scient phys Sci 2009, 21(2), 339-44.

Studies on the distribution, infective rate and relative abundance of copepods-Cyclops, the intermediate host of guinea worm (Dracumculus medinensis) were carried out in 42 sources of drinking water. These were sources commonly used by the residents in 18 randomly selected guinea worm endemic communities in three Local Governments namely Ekiti West; Ekiti South West ado Ekiti Central (Ado-Local Government), all in Ekiti State. 21,405 cyclops were examined between 2003/2004, out of which 8.0% were found infected with larvae of Dracunculus medinensis and during 2004/2005,5.7% of 11.982 cyclops were infected. The density of infected Cyclops was highest in April, 2004, 11.1 % with a density of 469/litre while infected Cyclops population was highest in March, 2005, 8.3% with a density of 334/litre. The mean intensity of infection for 2003/2004 was 95.4±87.4 while that for 2004/2005 was 37.6±20.1. There was a significant (P<0.05) yearly reduction in the percentage/population of infected Cyclops between 2003/2004 and 2004/2005. There was a positive correlation (r=0.63; P<0.05) between vector infectivity and prevalence of the disease in the study area. Three species of Cyclops encountered are Cyclops leuckarti. Thermocyclops inopinus and Halicyclops. These are vectors of guinea worm that playa significant role in the transmission of the disease.

1 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

013854   Zade S B;Sitre S R;Tijare R V (Zoology Dep, M.B. Patel College, Sakoli Dist., Bhandara, Maharashtra) : Occurrence of zooplankton in a perennial freshwater reservoir of Wadgaon dam during monsoon season at Nagpur district. Envir Conserv J 2009, 10(1-2), 81-3.

The zooplankton occupy a central position between the autotrophs and heterotrophs and form an important link in the food chain of a freshwater ecosystem. The occurrence and abundance of zooplankton is always influenced by physico-chemical factors and the level of nutrients present in the water body, in this context a perennial freshwater reservoir Wadgaon dam is studied with respect to zooplankton population to assess the types of zooplankton present. Qualitative studies on the /ooplankton in the Wadgaon dam reservoir situated in the Nagpur district were undertaken in monsoon months to assess the extent of forms present. The reservoir water is uncontaminated and clean with no influence of man made activities in the vicinity. The zooplankton population of the reservoir water is found to be represented by five different groups viz. Protozoa, Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepoda and Ostracoda represented by about 21 different forms. The present study indicate the uncontaminated nature of reservoir water due to absence of pollution indicator species in the reservoir water.

1 table, 12 ref

013853   Yeragi S G;Yeragi S S;Srivastava V (NO, K.J. Somaiya College of Science, Vidyavihar, Mumbai-400 077) : Biodiversity of cladocera from salt pans area of Mulund, Mumbai. Aquacult 2009, 10(2), 179-82.

Fresh water Cladocera forms the main constituent of aquatic food chain. They are present in ponds, pools as well as reservoirs in large numbers. They provide food to the aquatic organisms especially fry of fish. The zooplankton of freshwater habitat is dominated by the member of cladocera. The present investigation was carried during 2006-07. The present studies recorded 17 genera and 38 species of 5 families.

2 ref

013852   Wankhade V;Kulkarni K M;Malu A R (Zoology Dep, Pune Univ, Pune) : Effect of malathion on plasma ache activity of mice. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(2A), 854-6.

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of malathion on acetylcholinesterase activity in mice plasma. Mature mice were exposed to different doses of malathion for different time period. On dissections, enzymatic estimations were done for each exposure period. It was found that malathion inhibited the acetylcholinesterase activity in mice. The maximum period of exposure was upto 30 days. The degree of inhibition increased upto 4 days of exposure period but declined later on. There was maximum recovery of AChE activity by day 30 of exposure. These findings indicate that the continuous and prolonged exposure to sublethal dose of malathion resulted in the recovery of AChE activity.

1 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

013851   Vishwakarma A K;Zahra K (Zoology Dep, Bipin Bihari (P.G.) College, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh) : Investigation of cypermethrin (4%EC, 10%EC, 25%EC) on the fresh water fishes, Channa punctatus of Bundelkhand region. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(1), 119-24.

The investigation was aimed to study the toxic effect of highly active synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, Cypermethrin 4% EC (Profex Super), 10% EC (Dhanuka Super Killer-10), 25% EC (Sunthrin-25) on fresh water fishes, Channa punctatus. To estimate the correct LC₅₀, two exploratory and one definitive tests were conducted. The concentrations from the definitive test were employed to determine LC₅₀ values by plotting a dose response curve between percent mortality and concentrations of Cypermethrin. After plotting a graph, it was found that 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs. LC₅₀ values of Profex Super were 0.0210 ml/l, 0.0176 ml/l, 0.0146 ml/l and 0.0120 ml/l where as for Dhanuka Super Killer-10, 0.0144 ml/l, 0.0120 ml/l, 0.0098 ml/l and 0.0084 ml/l and 0.0102 ml/l, 0.0092 ml/l, 0.0080 ml/l and 0.0065 ml/l for Sunthrin-25 respectively. The LC₅₀ values by probit analysis after 72 and 96 hrs. for Profex Super were 0.0139 ml/l and 0.0119 ml/l, Dhanuka Super Killer-10 were 0.0097 ml/l and 0,0085 ml/l and Sunthrin-25 wereO.0077 ml/l and 0.0066 ml/l repectively. The LC₅₀ results showed that toxicity increased with proportion to concentrations. Some remarkable changes in the behavior of the Channa punctatus were observed due to poisoning of toxicants.

9 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

013850   Vedpathak A N;Wagh D T (Zoology Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad-431 004) : Effect of removel of cerebral ganglia and injection of their extract on the rate of oxygen consumption in freshwater bivalve, Lamellidens marginalis during monsoon. Aquacult 2009, 10(2), 285-91.

Considering the importance of neuro-endocrine regulation in the general physiology in bivalve molluscs from freshwater environments, the present study is aimed in understanding the role played by cerebral ganglia in respiratory metabolism of freshwater bivalve mollusc, Lamellidens marginalis (tamark) from Pravara Sangam near Aurangabad. During monsoon season, (he adult bivalves, Lamellidens marginalis of 65-70 mm shell length were subjected to their complete removel of both the cerebral ganglia, injection of their extract to intact control as well as ganglia removel bivalves for 10 days. The rate of oxygen consumption in bivalves from all four groups (including control) were measured on 2nd, 6th and 10th day. The study revealed that, the rate of oxygen consumption was significantly increased in cerebral ganglia removed group on 2nd, 6th and 10th day as well as cerebral ganglionic extract injected to ablated group on 6th and 10th day compared to control The rate of oxygen consumption showed more increase in cerebral ganglia ablated group than extract injected one. The results are discussed in the light of possible involvement of endogenous regulatory system in bivalve shell fishes.

1 illus, 22 ref

013849   Sushil Kumar;Virender;Gupta A K (Zoology Dep, Govt. Degree College, Sambhal, Uttar Pradesh) : Pesticides induced changes in activity of digestive enzyme protease in worker honeybees, Apis mellifera L.. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(1), 108-14.

The effect of 1/4 and 1/2 of LC₅₀ (at 96 hrs.) of five pesticides (dimethoate - 30 EC, methyl parathion - 50 EC, malathion - 50 EC, endosulfan - 35 EC and neem oil - 25 EC) on the activity of digestive enzyme Protease in 5 days old, 15 days old and 25 days old worker bees of Italian honeybee Apis melltfera L. was studied. The data obtained from treated groups of worker bees revealed that all the pesticides reduced the activity of Protease in all age groups but maximum reduction was found in foragers (25 days old worker bees). The results obtained from this investigation suggested thai organophosphates (methyl parathion, malathion and dimethoate) had more inhibitory action on Protease activity followed by organochlorine. Neem oil showed insignificant inhibitory effect. For protease activity, the order of toxicity of different pesticides was found as follows.

5 illus, 2 tables

013848   Suryavansi S;Gaherwal S;Prakash M M (Zoology Dep, Govt. Holkar Science College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh) : Effect of bio-pesticide (Agroneem) on the biochemistry of kidney of Clarias batrachus. Envir Conserv J 2009, 10(1-2), 31-5.

Studied the effect of bio-pesticide (Agroneem) on the biochemistry of kidney of Clarias batrachus. The biochemical parameters studied were RNA, total protein, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, GOT and GPT. These parameters in the experimental animal were tound decline The order of toxicity of Agroneem to biochemical parameters from higher to lower were- acid phosphatase (-78.623%)< total protein (-78.078%)< alkaline phosphatase (-70.594%)< RNA (-44.049%)< GPT (-39.618%)< GOT (-29.948%). Thus on basis of obtained results in the present investigation it can be concluded that 96 hrs. exposure of 30 ppm of Agroneem aqueous solution has toxic effect and alter the biochemistry of kidney. Therefore, it is recommended to the user of this bio-pesticide that they should be careful about the dose they are using.

6 illus, 6 tables, 10 ref

013847   Sunita Devi H;Vidyarani W (Life Sciences Dep, Manipur Univ, Canchipur-795 003) : Fecundity of Lepidocephalichthys irrorata, an endemic fish of Manipur. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(1), 139-42.

Fecundity of L. irrorata varied between 377.777 to 1325 in the fishes of length and weight ranging from 45mm to 56mm and 0.593g and 0.950g. The relative fecundity calculated for the fish was 637.060 to 1397.736. The relationship of fecundity to body length, body weight and ovary weight were determined which showed a linear pattern. Fecundity was more closely related to body length than body weight and ovary weight in L.irrorata. Fecundity value was found to be dependent on length by the value of r =0.857, on body weight by r =0.735 and on ovary weight by r =0.807 respectively.

3 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

013846   Srivastav A K;Sahu V K;Shrivastav P;Khare R K (Parasitological Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Bipin Bihari (P.G.) College, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh) : Morpho-taxonomical status of a new species of avian cestode, Killigrewia kalpiensis sp. nov. from pigeon, Columba livia (Gmelin) from Kalpi, district-Jalaun, Uttar Pradesh, India. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(1), 125-9.

During the course of study our team visited Kalpi, district Jalaun (UP.) India and collected a very interesting avian cestode from the intestine of pigeon, Columba livia (Gmelin). On the basis of various morphological features, viz length of worm, neck, number of testes and their position, internal and external seminal vesicles, shape and size of ovary etc. the present form is identified as a new member of genus Killigrewia and provisionally accommodated as Killigrewia kalpiensis n. sp.

1 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

013845   Somwanshi S D;Deshpande G D;Sunita Magar J (Plant Pathology Dep, College of Agriculture, Marathwada Agricultural Univ, Parbhani-431 402) : Differential resistance of safflower genotypes to three isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. carthami klisiewicz and houston. Adv Pl Sci 2009, 22(2), 343-6.

Virulence of the pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. carthami Klisiewicz and Houston) and varied level of resistance to wilt disease play a key role in disease epidemic of safflower wilt. In the present investigation virulence of three isolates and resistnace of 14 genotypes were treated by sterile soil inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. carthami Klis. and Hous. Isolates of the pathogen differed significantly in respect of virulence and the varieties also expressed varied level of resistance to wilt syndrome.

2 tables, 6 ref

013844   Singh K;Agrawal N C;Ahirwal R P;Soni S (Zoology Dep, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Dr. H.S. Gour Vishwavidyal, Sagar-470 003) : Biodiversity of fish fauna of Surha tal, Ballia district (U.P.) India. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(1), 87-90.

Deals with the fish species diversity and water quality of Surha Tal in order to estimate its potency for fish culture, During the study period, forty species of fishes were observed which belong to six orders, sixteen families and twenty five genera.

2 tables, 19 ref

013843   Shrivastava S;Alone M;Reddy B (Zoology Dep, S.N. Govt. P.G. College, Shivaji Nagar, Bhopal-462 016) : Carbaryl induced enzymological changes in muscle of freshwater teleost fish, Heteropneustes fossilis. Geobios 2009, 36(2-3), 203-5.

Alkaline phosphatase activity in the muscle of Heteropneustes fossilis exposed to sub-lethal concentration of carbaryl (0.04 ppm) for 30 days showed that the muscle is consistently depleted in alkaline phosphatase activity.

1 table, 10 ref

013842   Sharma T (Section of Entomology, Zoology Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-202 002) : Relative toxicity of certain insecticides to the adults of Dysdercus cingulatus (Fabricius). J Envir Res Dev 2009, 4(1), 101-5.

The present comparative study on relative toxicity of Cypermethrin, Malathion, Methyl Parathion and Monocrotophos to the adults of Dysdercus cingulatus (Fabricius) shows that Methyl Parathion in most effective (LC50 = 0.437) where as Monocrotophos is the least effective. On the basis of LC50 value the order of toxicity in descending manner is Methyl Parathion>Cypermethrin>Malathion<6 2>Monocrotophos.

2 tables, 10 ref

013841   Saumaya;Srivastava A K (Zoology Dep, S.M.M. Town P.G. College, Ballia-277 001) : Acute toxiity of nutritional metals like cadmium chloride and mercuric chloride and its effects on the behaviour of a catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Flora Fauna 2009, 15(1), 115-18.

Bioassay experiments were carried out to determine the acute toxicity of nutritional toxicants, viz., cadmium chloride and mercuric chloride to freshwater catfish, H. fossilis. The 24, 48, 72 and 96h LC₅₀ values were 2.50, 0.78, 0.60 and 0.52 mgL^{-1 and 2.38, 0.68, 0.62 and 0.46 mgL-1 respectively. The presumably harmless (safe) concentrations of nutritional metals to this fish were 0.022 and 0.016 mgL-1 respectively. Heteropneustes fossilis exhibited behavioural responses such as hyperexcitability, restlessness and erratic swimming movements on exposure to both the metals but these symptoms were more prominent in mercuric chloride than cadmium chloride.}

2 tables, 27 ref

013840   Sarwade A;Gaikwad S;Gaikwad Y;Bhawane G (Zoology Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur-416 004) : Midgut invertase in adult of Platynotus Belli fairmaire. Geobios 2009, 36(2-3), 192-6.

Different parameters in midgut invertase of adult flour beetle, Platynotus belli were studied. The optimum pH and optimum temperature for midgut invertase were 5.6 and 40°C, respectively. The linear period of enzyme activity was found at 20 min. and the Km value obtained was 5.842 x 10^{-3 M. The 50% inhibition at higher temperature 55°C was found to be 9 min. The specific activity was 13.728 μg glucose/μg protein/h.}

6 illus, 30 ref

013839   Santoshkumar Singh A;Dakua S;Biswas S P (Life Sciences Dep, Dibrugarh Univ, Dibrugarh-786 004, Email: santosh_munu@rediffmail.com) : Physico-chemical parameters and fish enumeration of Maijan beel (Wetland) of upper Assam. Geobios 2009, 36(2-3), 184-8.

About 10 limnological parameters of Maijan beel (wetland) in Dibrugarh district of Upper Assam were recorded during May 2007 to April 2008. The beel is virgin with great potentiality. A slight seasonal variation occurs in certain physico-chemical parameters due to the surface run-off and other excessive human activities. A total of 54 fish species belonging to 37 genera, 19 families were recorded here.

2 tables, 19 ref

013838   Sadanandan M A L;Neena Suresh (P.G. Dep of Zoology, Malabar Christian College, Calicut-673 001) : New species of predatory mite of the genus Bdella (Acarina: bdellidae) from Kerala, India. Geobios 2009, 36(1), 3-4.

A new species of predatory mite of the family Bdellidae; Bdella radhikae is described and illustrated.

1 illus, 4 ref

013837   Ramu G;Ravinder B;Narsimha Ramulu K;Benarjee G (Zoology Dep, Fisheries Research Lab, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh, Email: gbgsss@yahoo.co.in) : Fish fauna of Mylaram reservoir in Warangal district, Andhra Pradesh. Aquacult 2009, 10(2), 313-16.

Fish fauna of Mylaram reservoir were collected for the present study The results of present study confirmed the occurrence of 31 fish species belonging to 6 orders. The order Cypriniformes was dominant with 13 species Mowed by order Siluriniformes with 7 species. While the order Perciformes were represented with 6 species and Channiformes with 3 species and remaining orders Osteoglossiformes and Antheriniformes were represented with one species each. Thus the reservoir was good potential of fish fauna.

1 table, 14 ref

013836   Rakesh Kumar;Adesh Kumar (Parasitology Laboratory, Zoology Dep, B.L.J. Govt. Degree College, Purola, Uttarkashi) : Feeding diversity of phthirapteran ectoparasites infesting poultry (Gallus gallus domesticus). Flora Fauna 2009, 15(1), 143-8.

Nine species of phthiraptera have been studied by dissecting out their crop and examined crop content under trinocular research microscope. Direct observations in vitro as well as in vivo have been made. Menacanthus cornutus and M. stramineus are exclusively haematophagous in nature. Menopon gallinae is also haematophagous but partially feed on the feathers, barbs and barbules. Lipeurus caponis and L. heterographus devour on the feather fragments while L. tropicalis mostly feed on feather fragments but occasionally feed on coagulated blood if available. Goniodis dissimilis and Goniodis gigas are exclusively feather feeder. The Goniocotes gallinae feeds on the eggs of same or other species. It also sucks the blood or body fluid from the injured host skin. It is considered that nine species of Phthiraptera affect the productivity (meat, feathers and egg) and vitality at some extent.

37 ref

013835   Rajaiah V;Vimala V;Ravinder Reddy T (Zoology Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal-506 001, Email: rajaiahvailla@yahoo.com) : Tissue and species specific distribution of esterases in five perciformes fishes. Aquacult 2009, 10(2), 293-9.

Tissue and species specific dislribufion of esterases were studied in five peraformes fishes. Four tissues were taken viz., Mucous, Liver, Brain and Retina Among the four tissues Mucous exhibits ER esterases in majority of Zones, which are not inhibited by paraxoo, Eserine, and pCMB. Retina exhibits CE esterases in three fishes i.e. Chanda nama, Etrophts maculates and Oreochmmis mossambicus and where as Glossogobius giuris exhibit ChE esterases, which are inhibited by Eserine and paraxor. Remaining tissue exhibits other esterases like CHSP ER & ARE, etc.

4 tables, 14 ref

013834   Quasin S;Ganguly K;Roy S;Nath A (Postgraduate Dep of Zoology, Vidyasagar College, Kolkata-700 006, Email: nathasim@yahoo.com) : Diversity of macro benthic fauna of two freshwater pisiculture ponds of West Bengal. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(3), 1017-21.

Macro benthos diversity of one managed and one unmanaged freshwater fish pond was studied. Frequency distribution of benthic organisms was higher in the managed pond than the unmanaged one. The diversity of the macro benthic fauna in both the fluctuated ecosystem is calculated with the use of diversity indices, to show the variation of the abiotic and biotic factors on the species diversity. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was higher in the managed pond, which had less organic matter. The production of benthic invertebrate population showed strong positive relation with the soil parameters like temperature, available phosphorus, available nitrogen and organic carbon. The production of benthic invertebrate population showed a strong positive correlation with the water parameters. However, there was a negative correlation between Bellamya sp. and DO in the managed pond Tubifex sp. also showed a negative correlation with pH in the unmanaged pond. In the unmanaged pond, the Tubificidae were recorded more than Chironomidae. In the managed pond Tubificidae was recorded to be relatively less in number whereas larvae of Chironomidae were recorded high. This observation suggests that unmanaged pond had high organic load, which also depicted from the soil study of unmanaged pond. Thus the ratio Tubifex sp. and Chironomid larvae may be a useful index of sewage pollution.

3 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

013833   Peyami F Y;Afser M R (Zoology Dep, ICLE's M.J. College, Vashi, Navi Mumbai-400 703) : Population structure and bioenergetics of a gangetic catfish Eutrophiichthys vacha (HAM.) at Patna. Aquacult 2009, 10(2), 241-7.

Eutropiichthys vacha (Ham.) is an omnivore catfish extracting energy from phytoplankton, macrophytes, small fishes and detritus. The number of fishes per m^{2/y2 were 11 and the estimated weight and energy were 680gm and 212.32 kcal respectively. The food items were comprised of 24.94% macrophytes 33.89% fished and 41.13% detritus. The energy obtained from supra mentioned food items were in order of 782.83, 1062.11 and 1289.01 kcal/m2 /y2 respectively. The total fish weight of Eutropiichthys vacha (Ham.) at Patna was estimated 16996.80 Kg. in 2000 in terms of energy it comes to 5308100.60 kcal/yr. The fishing area was operated in approximately 25000 m2. The per annum catch in terms of energy per unit area was found to be 100.53 kcal/m2Vyr.}

1 illus, 3 tables, 26 ref

013832   Pawar S K;Shendge K M;Bhupalwar S R (Zoology Dep, Gramin Mahavidyalaya, Vasantnagar) : Diversity and density of zooplanktons of Manar river water in Nanded (M.S.). Flora Fauna 2009, 15(1), 100-2.

The study was taken up at Manar river near Kandhar of Nanded district (Maharashtra) India, during the year January 2007 to December 2007. Water Samples were collected from four sampling stations over the river and their planktons densities were estimated. The prominent groups of Zooplanktons in Manar river water were Cladocera Ostracoda, Copepoda and Rotifera. It was observed that among Zooplankton the maximum average density was of Rotifera and minimum of Ostracoda. The highest density was observed in the month of June while lowest during September.

1 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

013831   Pawar S K;Kanvate V S;Shaikh I M (NO, Gramin Mahavidyalaya, Vasantnagar, Tq. Mukhed Dist. Nanded, Maharashtra) : Ichthyofauna of some dams/river in Nanded district, (M.S.), India. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(1), 95-9.

Fish fauna of Sirur, Kundrala, Pethwadaj, Panshewadi and Barul dam/Manar river were collected. The result of investigation confirmed the occurrence of 46 fish species belonging to 08 orders and 13 families. Relative occurrence and economic values of fishes are discussed.

3 tables, 23 ref

013830   Pawar B A;Mane U H;Shendge A N (Zoology Dep, P.V. College, Pravaranagar, Ahmednagar-413 713) : Lipid and moisture content of the muscle, liver and gonad during the maturation cycle in Macrones bleekeri (Bleeker). Flora Fauna 2009, 15(1), 103-7.

Changes in the lipid and moisture content of gonad, liver and muscle of macrones bleekeri during different phases of maturity cycle were investigated. The results are discussed in the light of lipid utilization in gonadal maturity. During maturation process of gonad, lipid content increased in the gonad while decreased in the liver and muscle. Among different tissues, higher lipid content was recorded in liver followed by gonad and least muscle tissues of both the sexes. During maturation, moisture content decreased in the gonad and liver while increased in the muscle. The moisture showed an inverse relationship with the lipids. Among different tissues, moisture content was maximum in the gonad of males and liver of females, while minimum in the muscle of both the sexes.

1 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

013829   Paul S;Sarmath S K;Dey S C (NO, Arya Vidyapeeth College, Guwahati-781 018, Email: paulsharmistha2000@yahoo.com ) : In-house propagation and life-history of Nandus nandus (Hamilton, 1822). Envir Ecol 2009, 27(2A), 949-51.

Nandus nandus is a commercially important fish. It has dual function. It is a food fish and an important ornamental fish. It inhabits lentic water bodies of north eastern states of India but may migrate into rivers during the monsoon season. A sharp decline of this species has been noticed of late, in commercial catches, so there is a need for propagation and conservation of the species throgh in-house propagation. Breeding of the species in captivity using ovaprim as inducing agent and the early larval and post larval developmental stages were studied and presented in this paper.

1 illus, 7 ref

013828   Patil S A;Kalse A T;Patil J R;Suryawanshi R B (Zoology Research Laboratory, Rashtriya ASC College, Chalisgaon, Jalgaon-424 101) : New pseudophyllidian worm from a freshwater fish at Umberkhede, Jalgaon, India. Geobios 2009, 36(1), 45-8.

Deals with the morphology of a new species Circumoncobothrium murhari collected from a freshwater fish Mastacembellus armatus. It differs from all other known species in having scolex cylindrical, rostellar hooks 52-55 in number; mature segments broader than long; testis 200-250 in number; ovary oval, compact with many rounded acini; viteilaria small, round; gravid segments broader than long; uterus large saccular, occupied by numerous eggs; eggs oval and operculated.

1 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

013827   Pathan T S;Shinde S E;Thete P B;Paithane K T; Sonawane D L;Khillare Y K (Zoology Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad-431 004) : Sublethal effect of paper mill effulent on food consumption and growth of freshwater fish, Rasbora daniconius. Aquacult 2009, 10(2), 273-7.

Effect of sublethal concentrations 1.9% (1/5) and 0.95% (1/10) of the paper mill effluent on food consumption and growth of the fish, Rasbora daniconius were studied in the laboratory for 4 week. It was observed that the control fish showed normal food intake and growth. The food intake and growth reduced in fishes exposed to sublethal concentrations of paper mill effluent as compared to control The study shows that paper mill effluent brings out various physiological disorders in die fish, Rasbora daniconius. Thus, the release of this effluent around water bodies should be monitored and controlled.

5 tables, 16 ref

013826   Pathak S K;Mudgal K (Zoology Dep, Govt. P.G. College, Mhow) : Fish and fisheries of virla reservoir of west Nimar, district M.P., India. Envir Conserv J 2009, 10(1-2), 127-33.

During course of study on virla reservoir West Nimar (Kargone) MR, India, total 29 species of fish biodiversity were recorded these belong 6 orders, 10 families and 16 genera were observed. On the basis of economic importance fishes weredivided into three major groups viz. catfish (Mystus seenghala. Mystus tengara. Wallago attu and Ompok bimaculattus), major carp (Catla cutlet, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala) and miscellaneous (Charnna sps., Mastacembelits sps. and oiopterus notoptereus). The water body was divided into three zones viz. upstream zone, reservoir zone and downstream zone for fish catch. Tha total annual fish catch computed in this water body was 2465.40 kg. and 2576.40 kg. during the 2001-02 and 2002-03 respectively. The minimum catch were observed in August while maximum in May. The percentage composition of major carp shows decline trend and catfishes shows increasing trend during two years study time. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) ranged between 0.015 to 0.191 kg/hrs. The water level fluctuations and fish production show inverse relationship.

1 illus, 5 tables, 15 ref

013825   Pandit S V;Vaidya V V;Joshi P P (Zoology Dep, S. N. Arts, D.J.M. Commerce and B.N.S. Science College, Sangamner, Dist. Ahmednagar, Maharashtra) : Ichthyofauna of Bhandardara reservoir, Dist. Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(1), 91-4.

Bhandardara reservoir is one of the shallow wetland habitats of Maharashtra. Due to favorable environmental factors, ample food and safeness, this habitat is at the peak in fetching several birds from November to February every year. Recorded bird diversity of this habitat is around 27 different species. In auditing the safeness of this habitat for the migratory birds, present study was undertaken for analyzing the fish diversity, the prime food for most of the migratory birds. Fish diversity comprised 5 orders, 14 families and 38 species. Out of total 38 fish species 25 were food fishes and 13 fish species belonged to weed fish category.

1 table, 14 ref

013824   Pandey B N;Ambasta O P;Thakur A K;Sanjay Kumar;Ritu Kumari (P.G. Dep of Zoology, Purnia College, Purnia) : Zooplankton diversity in relation to certain physico-chemical parameters of swamp of Kishanganj district, Bihar. Envir Conserv J 2009, 10(1-2), 9-14.

The zooplankton fauna of Kishanganj swamps in relation to certain physico-chemical parameter was studied. Out of 28 species recorded, 18 belong to Rotifera, 6 to Cladocera and 4 to Copepoda. The total zooplankton density was more in summer and least in rainy season. The quantitative relationship amongst the group of zooplankton was Rotifera> Cladocera> Copepoda. Zooplankton also comprised of some pollution tolerant species like Brachionus, Keratella and Mesocyclops etc. The Rotifers showed negative correlation with pH, sulphate and dissolved oxygen Cladocerans showed negative correlation with pH. sulphate and phosphate while Copepods revealed negative correlation with pH, sulphate and water temperature.

2 illus, 3 tables, 30 ref

013823   Oksuz A;Ozyilmaz A;Turan C (Faculty of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mustafa Kemal Univ, Iskenderun, Hatay, Turkey, Email: aoksuz@mku.edu.tr) : Comparative study on fatty acid profiles of anchovy from black sea and mediterranean sea (Engraulis encrasicholus L., 1758). Asian J Chem 2009, 21(4), 3081-6.

Fatty acid profile of anchovies (Engraulis encrasicholus) from Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea were determined by using GC-MS. A total of 25 fatty acids were identified. The level of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were found as almost 38, 14.3 and 47.7% in Mediterranean anchovy (MA), respectively. These levels were followed by 35.40% (SFA), 29.5% (MUFA) and 31.27% (PUFA) in Black Sea anchovy (BSA). Geographical location has no effect on total saturated fatty acids of anchovy, whereas MUFA and PUFA changed significantly. BSA contained greater amount of MUFA and low level of PUFA. Conversely, MA had high level of PUFA and low level of MUFA compare to BSA. The ratio of DHA to EPA was calculated as 5.91 in MA and 1.64 in BSA. Palmitic acid, oleic acid and DHA (22:6 n3) were themost prominent fatty acid in both MA and BSA. DHA level may be considered as a key fatty acid to differentiate MA from the BSA.

1 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

013822   Ohri P;Pannu S K (Zoology Dep, Guru Nanak Dev Univ, Amritsar-143 005, Email: ohri_puja11@rediffmail.com) : Effect of terpenoids on nematodes. J Envir Res Dev 2009, 4(1), 171-7.

Plant-parasitic nematodes are an economically important group of soil borne pathogens that may be controlled by cultural practices, chemical nematicides and the use of resistant cultivars. However, nematicides do not provide long-term suppression of nematodes, and environmental and human health concerns are resulting in increased restrictions on their use. Some safe procedures for nematode control have been developed based on biological control agents and organic amendments. One such alternative is to screen naturally occurring compounds in plants, which are known as plant secondary compounds. Among various classes of these plant secondary compounds, Terpenoids, have achieved the greatest structural and functional diversity in plants. Although these terpenoids lack any apparent role in the basic processes of growth and development in plants, many have ecological functions serving in the defense against herbivores and as allelopathetic agents. In the present review, a large number of terpenoids and their derivatives have been discussed for the nematicidal activity in various nematode systems. Gossypol, hemigossypol, methoxygossypol, methoxyhemigossypol and dimethoxygossypol have been found to be inhibitory to the larvae of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Similarly carvacrol, thymol, geraniol, camphor and linalool have been reviewed to be effective against M. incognita and M javanica juveniles.

^iia31 ref

013821   Nooralam M D;Saw K K;Mishra S K (Zoology Dep, Giridih College, Giridih-815 302) : Preliminary study of physico-chemical characteristics of a perennial fresh water pond. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(1), 77-82.

A perennial fresh water pond "Pampu Talab" situated in the south-east part of Giridih town is an important lentic water body and is famous for fish culture, mainly of major carps. The assessment of the physico-chemical properties of this pond was studied in two consecutive years. A significant seasonal variation in various physico-chemical parameters of the pond was recorded which depicted the suitability of the pond for fish culture.

2 tables, 53 ref

013820   Nikam S M;Desai A E (P.G. Dep of Zoology, K.T.H.M. College, Nashik-422 002) : Discovery of polysphinctini genus Eruga townes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from the orient. Geobios 2009, 36(2-3), 117-20.

Eruga asiansis Townes is reported as a new species, which is described and illustrated here.

2 illus, 6 ref

013819   Nankale N (Zoology Dep, Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati-444 602) : New tapeworm from lecanicephalidean from a marine fish, Trygon sephen. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(1), 134-6.

Deals with the new species of the cestode from the genus, Calycobothrium Viz Calycabothrium jadhavae n. sp. collected from Ratnagiri, west coast of India, from marine fish, Trygon sephen Cuvier. The present species differs from all other known species of the genus in having scolex globular or oval, a central dome like anterior portion bearing nine hallow, unbranched, finger or sucker like tentacles, mature segments longer than broad, testes oval in shape, pre-ovarion, 4 to 5 in numbers, ovary bilobed, 'U' shaped and genital pores regularly alternate.

2 illus, 1 ref

013818   Naik M J;Indira P (Zoology Dep, Acharya Nagarjuna Univ, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh) : Impact of enzyme activity in silkworm, Bombyx mori (L.) feeding with tukra affected mulberry leaves. Asian J envir Sci 2010, 4(2), 146-50.

In the study fifth instar larvae PMxNB4D2 (F1 Multix Bivoltine hybrid) silkworm were selected for feeding with tukra leaves due to the rapid growth at this period, AAT and ALAT enzyme activities in haemolymph and fat bodies of the silkworm when fed with 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% tukra affected leaves were normal from day 3 to day 6 and in the both the tissues. The contents gradually increased, this increase however was significant (P>0.05). This increase gradually progressed from day 3 to day 6 in the order of day 3<4<5<6. The GDH activity decreased in both the tissues from day 4 to day 6 at 75% and 100%. tukra fed silkworm larvae. Hence, there was a situation of nutritive imbalance and physiological status created in the tissues of silkworm. Estimation of enzyme activities indicated the stepwise break down by the bio molecules in the tissues of silkworm due to vast infestation of mealy bugs in mulberry leaves which lead to very low nutritive value in mulberry at 75% and 100% tukra affected leaves which is the dietary source to the silkworm, Bombyxmori (L.).

6 illus, 21 ref

013817   Nagarajan R;Santhi Pon Indira Y S;James R (Zoology Dep, V. O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin-628 008, Email: piojames@yahoo.com) : Effect of ration levels on growth and gonad weight in red swordtail, Xiphophorus helleri (Poeciliidae). Aquacult 2009, 10(2), 229-34.

Effect of ration levels (25, 50, 75 and 100%) on food intake, growth and gonad weight were studied in sexually immatured (SIM) and matured (SM) female red swordtail, Xiphophorus hetteri. Maturity was determined based on the development of ova in the brood pouch. Rates of consumption and conversion and gonad weight of X. helkri were increased with an increase of ration in both SIM and SM groups. Consumption rate of SIM group was high as compared to SM group; however, the rate and efficiency of conversion and gonad weight showed the reversed trend. The optimum ration for SIM and SM female X. helleri was 122 and 80 mg g^{-1 live fish day-1 respectively. The energy allocation for growth and reproduction in relation to ration is discussed.}

2 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

013816   Mousavi M (Environment Dep, Wildlife and Biodiversity Bureau, Iran, Email: mrmussavi@yahoo.com) : Survey of Caracal caracal in Kavir natinal park in Iran. J Envir Res Dev 2010, 4(3), 793-5.

The caracal (Caracal caracal) is one of the small felid species and secretive animal in Iran. We could prepare the distribution map of caracal by data and evidences in Iran Department of Environment and field visits. With field surveys in Kavir National Park in September 2006, we achieved some results concerning caracal's habitat characteristics and were identified the rodents that can use by caracals as prey, like Cape hare: Lepus capensis, Small five- toed jerboa: Allactaga elater, Blanford's jerboa: Jaculus blanfordi, Persian jird: Meriones persicus. Also we introduced factors of threaten caracal population in Iran, for instance loss habitat, lack of prey and in some protected areas to collision with vehicles on the road.

^ssc2 illus, 5 ref

013815   Momin Shakir M S;Momin Heena M S;Shaikh N (Zoology Dep, G.M. Momin Women's College, Bhiwandi-421 302) : Seasonal changes in haematological parameter of two fresh water fishes Labeo rohita and Notopterus notopterus. Aquacult 2009, 10(2), 329-31.

Haematological parameters of Labeo robita and Notopterus notopterus were studied for a period of one year. The result shows significant alteration in haematological parameters of Labeo rohita and Notopterus notopterus during pre-moosoon (summer), monsoon and post-monsoon (winter) seasons.

2 tables, 8 ref

013814   Momin S;Shaikh N (Zoology Dep, Aqsa Women's Degree College, Bhiwandi-421 302) : Effect of zinc on oxygen consumption of the fresh water fish, Lepidocephalichytys thermalis. Aquacult 2009, 10(2), 261-3.

Static renewal bioassay test was conducted to determine the toxicity of zinc chloride on the rate of respiration, of fresh water fish, Lepidocephalichtyhs thermalis after exposing to different concentrations as 18,2 0, 22, 24 and 26 ppm. It was observed that consumption level decreased with an increase in exposure period.

8 ref

013813   Manivannan S (Zoology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Vermicomposting of pressmud using an epigeic earthworm, Perionyx excavatus (Perrier). Geobios 2009, 36(1), 100-2.

The potential of the epigeic earthworm, Perionyx excavatus to stabilize pressmud (byproduct of the sugar industry) mixed with cow dung in different proportions has been studied under laboratory conditions. Nutrients (N, P & K) change during vermicomposting was measured and comparatively T₂ treatment showed great increase for total N (19.31 ± 8.21), P (34.32 ± 2.41) and K (23.3 ± 0.47) than the other treatments.

1 table, 11 ref

013812   Manivannan D;Issaque Madani J (P.G. & Research Dep of Zoology, Government Art's College, Nandanam, Chennai-600 035) : Habitat and life history of nine hydroporine species of beetles from South India. Geobios 2009, 36(1), 94-6.

Information on the occurrence, habitat and life cycle is provided for nine species of Hydroporinae collected from ponds and puddles in various parts of South India. They were found to complete their post-embryonic development in 19-23 days.

1 table, 5 ref

013811   Kar D;et al. (Life Science Dep, Assam Univ, Silchar-788 011, Email: devashishkar@yahoo.com) : Panorama of fish diversity in certain rivers, wetlands and protected areas in Assam. Geobios 2009, 36(1), 57-64.

Preliminary ichthyological surveys have been conducted in a number of lentic and lotic water bodies in Brahmaputra and Barak valleys of Assam during the period from January, 2007 to January, 2008. The studied water bodies included rivers, wetlands and protected areas. Study revealed the occurrence of 50 species of fishes in 11 water bodies. Results of studies on habitat, water quality parameters and fish catching devices have been discussed.

3 tables, 36 ref

013810   Juwantha M (Zoology Dep, D.A.V. (P.G.) College, Dehradun-248 001) : New monogenetic trematode ogendrotrema garhwalensis N.SP. collected from a freshwater fish Puntius sophore (Bloch) from river song at lacchiwala in Doon valley. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(1), 137-8.

New species, Yogendrotrema garhwalensis has been collected from the gills of fresh water fish, Puntius sophore at river song Lacchiwala, Dehradun. The new form differs from the known species Y, rajghatai in having 20 pairs of clamps, 8 spines at genital atrium, in the ratio of haptor-body size and in the extension of vitelline follicles.

1 table, 1 ref

013809   Joshi S (Zoology Dep, Rajkiya Kanya Mahavidyalaya, Lakkar Bazar, Shimla-171 002) : Study of avian family Pycnonotidae in Shimla city (H.P.) India. Flora Fauna 2009, 15(1), 173-4.

The observation on the three members of family Pycnonotidae in Shimla City has shown that they have evolved strategies to face the onslaught of urbanization.

8 ref