012721   Moghadam A T;Masihipoor B (Member of Scientific Board, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Ahvaz, Iran, Email: taghavi_ahmad84@yahoo.com) : Effect of scorpion Hemiscorpius lepturus envenomation on blood and hematological parameters of the patients referred to hospital. Biochem Cell Archs 2009, 9(1), 5-7.

Biochemical and hematological changes caused by scorpion, Hemiscorpius lepturus envenomation in human have been studied. 10 ml blood samples were taken (8 ml coagulated blood and 2 ml anticoagulated blood) for analysis. After transferring blood samples to Razi Institute and preparation of them, the biochemical parameters like amount of blood glucose, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride and total protein a nd hematological parameters like the amount of hemoglobin, hematocrit, number of red and white blood cells and percentage of different white blood cells and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR first hour) were determined and the results were statistically analyzed by ANO VA method with significancy of P < 0.05.

9 ref

012720   Martin E R (P.G. Dep of Zoology, Ahmednagar College, Ahmednagar-414 001, Email: martin_encily@yahoo.com) : Purification of a 52 KDA proteinase inhibitor of prophenoloxidase activating system from hemocyte lysate supernatant of freshwater crab, Barytelphusa cunicularis (West - Wood). Bioscan 2009, 4(2), 227-30.

The study the ProPO system in hemocytes of freshwater crab, Barytelphusa cunicularis was studied to purify the proteinase inhibitor from the hemocyte lysate supermatant. It was found that a 52kDa proteinase inhibitor purified from hemocyte lysate supernatant on Sephadex G -75 gel chromatography inhibited the conversion of prophenol oxidase to phenoloxidase. These purified proteins showed a 97% inhibition of trypsin and 50% and 72% inhibition of prophenoloxidase and phenoloxidase respectively. Thus, the present study suggests that this purified protein may be a regulator for conversion of prophenoloxidase to phenoloxidase in this freshwater crab, Barytelpbusa cunicularis.

3 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

012719   Johri R;Johri P K (Zoology Dep, D.A.V. College, Kanpur-208 001, Email: kumar_pee@yahoo.com) : Antidiabetic effects of polyherbal preparation as compared to standard allopathic drugs in alloxan induced diabetic albino rats. Biochem Cell Archs 2009, 9(1), 59-62.

Alloxan induced animal model was used to evaluate the potential antidiabetic effect of polyherbalpreparation of eleven selected plant extracts viz. Gymnema sylvestre, Ficus glomerata, Pterocarpus marsupium, Juniperus communis, Balsamodendron mukul, TrigoneEafoenum-graecum, Phyttanthus niruri, Mucunapmriens, Cichoruim intybus, Momordica charantia and Sphaeranthus indicus as compared to standard allopathic drugs. The diabetic animals were given allopathic medicines Duotrol (mfd. by USV Ltd. B.S.D. Marg, Govandi, Mumbai) composition (Glibenclamide and Metformin hy drochloride) 25.25 mg/kg body weight and Enselin-2 mg (Mfd. by Torrent Pharamaceuticals Ltd. Indrad-382721, Distt. Mehsana, India) composition (Rosiglitazine) 0.06 nig/kg body weight both twice a day and another group were givenpolyherbalpreparation 1 g/ kg body weight twice a day) with normal diet and the treatment continued for thirty days. It maintained the weight of the animals near to the control rats but a significant decrease in weight was noted in diabetic animals without any treatment. The blood glucose level in treated animals were near to that of control ones. Blood urea (P<0.01) and serum cholesterol (P<0.05) increased significantly in alloxan diabetic rats. The polyherbal treatment decreased the blood urea (P>0.05) and serum cholesterol (P>0.05) to that of control ones. A similar effect was seen with allopathic drugs treatment. The results indicates that the active principles inpolyherbal preparation of plant extracts have similar hypoglycemic activity to standard allopathic drugs treatments. However, in amelioration of diabetes the polyherbal treatment showed a better action as compared to standard allopathic drugs.

3 tables, 24 ref

012718   Johri P K;Tiwari D;Johri R (Zoology Dep, D.A.V. College, Kanpur-208 001, Email: kumar_pee@yahoo.com) : Effect of some plant extracts on oestrous cycle and induced alterations on reproductive organs of female albino rats. Biochem Cell Archs 2009, 9(1), 87-91.

The ethanolic extract of seeds ofPeganum harmala Linn. (T9) arrested the oestrous cycle at metaoestrous stage after 4 days next two petroleum ether extracts of Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud. (T2) and Ocimum tenuiflorum Linn (T5) arrested the oestrous cycle after eight days in metaoestrous stage, further, the alcoholic extract ofAbrusprecatorius Linn (Tl) and petroleum ether extracts ofArtabotrys hexapetalus Linn. F. Bhantri. (T3) and Jasminum arborescens (Roxb.) (T6) were at par and arrested the oestrous cycle after 12 day of post treatment in metaoestrous stage. Emulsion oil extract ofMallotus philippensis (Muell. Arg.) (T4) in mustard oil showed arrest of oestrous cycle after sixteenth day of treatment. Whereas, normal oestrous cycle was noted in the case of ethanolic extracts ofMoringa oleifera (Lam.) (T7) and Momordica tuberose (Roxb.) Cogn. (T9). Based on overall performance of nine extracts in different solvents it is concluded that the P. harmala (T8), O. tenuiflorum (T5) and A. precatorius (Tl) have represented a very good scope for disturbing the oestrous cycle in a short duration of time Further, it is also explored that botanical extracts do not cause a permanent disturbance in oestrous cycle and degrade itself after thirty days of the termination of extracts. This is one of the advantage of herbs having medicinal properties over the allopathic medicines.

4 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

012717   Jagadeesan Y;Mutharasi M;Subramanian P (Animal Science Dep, Bharathidasan Univ, Tiruchirappalli-620 024) : Biochemical changes in the semi synthetic organophosphate pesticide cypermethrin exposed commercial fish Catla catla hamilton, 1822. Biochem Cell Archs 2009, 9(1), 33-6.

The widely used semisynthetic pyrethroid pesticide, a potential toxicant polluting the aquatic system was experimented at its sublethallevel and consequential impairment in the proximate composition was evaluated. Catla coda was selected as an animal model for this bioassay study. Through static acute toxicity test the 96h LC₅₀ was derived as 0.5 ppm using the log-probit graphical analysis method. The less thanl/10th of 96h LC₅₀ concentrations (0.02,0.03,0.04 ppm) exposed chronic experiments (30 days) exhibited a dose and duration dependant dwindling of protein, carbohydrate and cholesterol levels in the muscle of the commercially important Catla catla fish.

3 illus, 26 ref

012716   Humbe A;Bangale P P;Pokale S N;Patil S S (Zoology Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad) : Check list of tape worms in marine fishes from west coast of Maharashtra State, India.. Bioinfolet 2009, 6(3), 278-9.

The preliminary survey was carried out to understand tapeworm diversity of marine fishes of West coast of Maharashtra State, from July 2007 - June 2008. Twenty seven species were collected and identified; they belong to eight genera i.e. Cephalobothrium (4 species) Calycobothrium, Tylocephalum(3), Uncibilocularis (3), Tetragonocephalum (6), Phoreiobothrium (4), Balanobothrium (3), and Hexacanalis (3).

1 table, 19 ref

012715   Hassan S;Altaff K;Satyanarayana T (Zoology Dep, The New College (Autonomous), Chennai-600 014, Email: kaltaff@rediffmail.com) : Increased bone phosphorus retention in milkfish Chanos chanos fed diets contain soybean meal supplemented with dietary microbial cell bound phytase of Pichia anomala. Biochem Cell Archs 2009, 9(1), 19-23.

Excess phosphorus in aquaculture feed contributes to the eutrophication of natural waters. Studied the effects of dietary phytase on phosphorus retention by milkfish. Milkfish (mean weight: 5g) were fed practical diets that varied in total fish meal, soybean meal and phytase for 60 days. Results of feeding trials on milkfish with seven different diets distinctly indicated better results with fish meal based diet in terms of bone phosphorus retention. Soybean based diet supplemented with different levels of cell bound phytase from Pichia anomala indicated better bone phosphorus retention than the soybean based diet without phytase supplementation. Among the three concentrations that are 500,1000, and 2000 FTU kg_-1 phytase of P. anomala used in this investigation, 1000 FTU kg_-1 supplementation in plant based diet appeared to be favourable in terms of bone phosphorus retention.

2 tables, 38 ref

012714   Elanchezhiyan C;Boopathy Raja A;Sreeja N; Sabanayakam S (Zoology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002, Email: chenzhiyan6@gmaill.com) : Impact of temephos on certain biochemical parameters in the larvae of Aedes aegypti (Linn) (Diptera: Culicidae). Bioscan 2009, 4(2), 287-9.

The toxicity of temephos was analysed on some biochemical parameters in third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. The lethal concentration 50 value was found to be 0.027 ppm, Glycogen content in control Aedes larvae and temephos treated larvae were 4.38 ± 0.13 and 2.63 ± 0.06, respectively. The protein content decreased in the treated mosquito larvae when compared to the control and was 128.5 ± 3.38 and 81.9 ± 1.80, respectively. The AchE level in control mosquito and temephos treated mosquito larvae were 0.4232 ± 0.002 and 0.246 ± 0.0039, respectively.

2 tables, 17 ref

012713   Deshmukh P B;Choudhari C (Zoology Dep, Science College, Nanded-431 605) : Effect of Semecarpus anacardium (Bhallataka) nut oil on some muscle enzymes of albino rat. Bioinfolet 2009, 6(3), 235-7.

Semecarpus anacardium (Bhallataka) pericarp oil extract was orally administered to albino rats of either sex. The LD₅₀ was found to be 1 gm/kg bw/day for 4 days. Alterations in activity of enzymes of thigh muscles indicated muscular dystrophy and weakness in treated rats.

14 ref

012712   Dash G;Parida S K;Sahoo S N (Fishery Pathology and Microbiology Dep, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, Parasitology Lab, Kolkata-700 094) : Histopathological observations on carps infected with Argulus in freshwater bheries of West Bengal. J appl Biosci 2009, 35(2), 159-62.

Skin, gill and muscle tissues of Argulus infected fishes, collected from freshwater (sewage fed fisheries) and low saline bheries of sub urban Kolkata, India, were prepared for histopathological study. Argulus, a crustacean ectoparasite, attaches to the host body and draws off blood from the gills and skin by puncturing the tissues causing secondary infection and ultimate death. Most of the changes were encountered in skin regions on histological observation. Excessive proliferation of fibrillar elements with edema and tissue destruction extended up to the dermis. Rupture of pigment cells with dispersion of granules in the epidermal cells and inter and intra cellular oedemas in skin indicated an early stage of parasitic attack. The changes encountered in gill and muscle might be attributed to an early stage of parasitic attack, or to the stimuli of pesticides, rough handling, bacterial and nutritional gill diseases and detoxication effects.

6 illus, 19 ref

012711   Brijesh Singh;Arun Kumar;Gupta G P (Zoology Dep, A.S. (PG) College, Mawana-250 401) : Effect of natural host plants on biological parameters of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner). Ann Pl Prot Sci 2009, 17(2), 279-82.

Growth and development behaviour of Helicoverpa armigera was studied on different host plants viz., pea pod, french bean, okra fruit, brinjal fruit and cauliflower curd. Observations on larval weight and pupal weight, percentage of pupation and adult emergence, fecundity and hatchability of eggs were recorded. Larval period was found shortest on cauliflower curd and longest on brinjal fruit. The pupal period was maximum on pea pod and minimum on cauliflower curd. Larger numbers of eggs were laid by the female which larvae were fed on pea pod. Lowest number of eggs was recorded on bainjal fruit. The highest percentage of egg hatching was noted on pea pod. The average life cycle was completed in 23.32, 25.15, 26.82, 27.22 and 27.93 days on cauliflower curd, okra fruit, french bean, brinjal fruit and pea pod, respectively. Maximum larval growth index (LGI) was recorded for okra fruit (5.07) and the minimum (3.75) for brinjal fruit, maximum pupal growth index (PGI) was recorded on cauliflower curd (9.70) and the minimum (7.78) on french bean and maximum developmental index (DI) (2.68) was recorded on okra fruit and the minimum (1.99) on brinjal fruit.

1 table, 6 ref

012710   Barua K N;Jasbir Singh (NO, Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat, Assam) : Floristic diversity and vegetation structure of two adjacent forest sites Nambor Daigrong Wild Life Sanctuary and Borneoria forest in Assam. J Econ Taxon Bot 2009, 33(3), 624-34.

Intensive field studies were done on two forest stand Namoor Daigrong Wild Life Sanctuary and adjacent Borneoria forests of Assam to assess floristic composition, distribution pattern, species diversity and dominance. All together 227 species were recorded from Nambor Daigrong forest belonging to 165 genera and 70 families. 124 species from 103 genera and 51 families were collected from Borneoria forest. During the present investigation it was observed that the Nambor Daigrong forest and Borneoria forest tend to be floristically distinct. Gnetum gnemon, a highly evolved gymnospermic species, and luxuriant growth of fern species show the old land history of this region. An endangered spectacular orchid Anoectochilus sikkimensis (Jewel orchid) and terrestrial orchid Geodorum densiflorum were reported sporadically but now likely to be eliminated from their sites due to loss of their specific habitats. Vatica lanceaefolia is the common tree species reaching above 6 feet height in Nambor Daigrong forest. Otherwise, Hydnocarpus kurzii expressed its dominancy with highest IVI values (62.98) in Borneoria forest.

1 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref

012709   Bakhshandeh N;Navidpour S;Masihipour B; Taghavi moghadam A;Massah A (Razi Reference Lab. Scorpion Research (RRLS), Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, Southwest Branch. Ahvaz, Iran, Email: neda_bio2004@yahoo.com) : Intraspecific variation in haemolymph protein patterns of some scorpions of different families from Iran. Biochem Cell Archs 2009, 9(1), 1-4.

Different species of scorpion were obtained from Baghmalek (Khoozestan). Haemolymph composition was analyzed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in presence and absence of DTT. Three bands of about 64Kd, 70Kd and 82Kd were same in all of the haemolymph samples. These bands can be Hey subunits. The separated protein patterns suggest that haemolymph from Buthidae family had high similarity in their biochemical composition but differed from Scorpionidae and Hemiscorpiidae.

4 tables, 12 ref

011783   Vijay M;Bhutia P T (NO, , Northern Regional Station, Zoological Survey of India, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand) : Avifaunal diversity in upper tons river valley, Uttarkashi district, Uttarakhand. Ann For 2009, 17(1), 135-42.

Avifaunal survey was conducted in reserve forests of three forest range namely Jarmola, Sandra and Thadiyar of Upper Tons River Valley of Tons forest division in Uttarkashi District during 2008. A total of 469 birds of 57 species belonging to 22 families were recorded including two critically endangered birds, Indian White-backed Vulture Gyps bengalensis and Long-billed Vulture Gyps indicus. Resident species are more predominant in the area (50) and majority of species preferred Pine and Open pine forest (41). The encounter rate (no. of birds per trail) for family Muscicapidae was the highest 76.5 birds per trail. The present study reports the avifaunal diversity of Upper Tons River Valley, Uttarkashi District, Uttarakhand.

3 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

011782   Suresh N (Zoology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Effect of cadmium chloride on liver, spleen and kidney melano macrophage centres in Tilapia mossambica. J envir Biol 2009, 30(4), 505-8.

To study the toxic effect of a heavy metal on the occurrence of melano macrophage centres (MMC) of liver, spleen and kidney. Tilapia mossambica were exposed to median lethal concentration of cadmium chloride for 120 hours. Routine histological method was adopted to prepare the tissue sections and to identify the pigments viz: hemosiderin and melanin. The average number and size ofmelano macrophage centres (MMC) were significantly increased compared with the control. It is evident in the present study that in the MMC of all three tissues examined lipofuscin is absent.

6 illus, 1 table, 30 ref

011781   Stephenraj D.;Isaac S S;Kunz T H;Stanley J A (Research Dep of Zoology, St. John's College, Palayamkottai-627 002) : Foraging behaviour of megachiropteran bats (Chiroptera:pteropodidae) in Courtallam, Tamilnadu, South India. Bioinfolet 2010, 7(2), 175-80.

Foraging behaviour of three species of megachiropteran bats in relation to flowering seasonality of Madhuca indica, was investigated during March to May 2005. A total of 1,904 individual bats, including Pteropus giganteus (49.0%), Cynopterus sphinx (28.5%) and Rousettus leschenaulti (22.5%) were observed during flowering season. R. leschenaulti and C. sphinx exhibited two peaks of foraging activity, immediately following nightly emergence (18.30-20.00h) and before individuals returned to their day-roosts (4.00-6.OOh). P. giganteus exhibited a unimodal foraging pattern that peaked between 19.00 and 21.00 h. Both R. leschenaulti and C. sphinx consumed the corolla of M. indica, while P. giganteus consumed entire flower causing marginal damage to other flowers in the tree. R. leschenaulti and C. sphinx inadvertently collected pollen on their head and wings, whereas P. giganteus had pollen load on its entire body. The three megachiropteran bat species, pollinating the flowers of M. indica, was thus found to be providing an important ecosystem service.

3 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

011780   Singh S K;Srivastava S P;Tandon P;Azad B S (Crop Protection Dep, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208 024) : Faunal diversity during rainy season in reclaimed sodic land of Uttar Pradesh, India. J envir Biol 2009, 30(4), 551-6.

Faunal diversity is an indicator of soil amelioration. Estimating the population size or density of an animal species in an area is fundamental to understand its status and demography, and to plan for its management and conservation. Considering this, faunal diversity in reclamed sodic land was monitored during rainy season 2000-01 at different locations of district viz., Aligarh, Etah, Fatehpur, Mainpuri and Raebareli in Uttar Pradesh. The Shannon- Weiner species diversity index (H) of different fauna complex of each location was compared with zero years (1995-1996) indexes (before reclamation). Insects diversity index, in reclaimed sodic soil, varied from 3.8178 (Fatehpur: Bariyampur) to 4.623 (Fatehpur: Katoghan), which was 3.028 in zero year at Katoghan in Fatehpur. 'H' index of other-arthropods ranged widely from 0.9743 (Etah: Bawali) to 2.0674 (Mainpuri: Pundari). The species diversity index of molluscs registered as high as 1.8637 at Ladhauwa site in Aligarh, which exhibited identical with Saripursite of Raebareli. 'H' index of mammal resulted with the highest (2.19) at Pundari in district Mainpuri. The avifauna and amphibian's indices were recovered maximal at Saripursite of Raebareli and Bariyampur site of Fatehpur, respectively. Our result revealed that various fauna enriched with soil reclamation, which is good indicator of restoration of land, primarily due to soil- arthropods and earthworms and its eventual improvement along with succeeding rice-wheat cropping system widespread over there. It clearly shows that soil fauna strongly affects the composition of natural vegetation and we suggest that this knowledge might improve the restoration and conservation of biodiversity.

3 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref

011779   Shinde J;Mohite A;Deshmukh C P (Zoology Dep, Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj Nagpur Univ, Nagpur-440 010, Email: asmohite@dataone.in) : Neuroendocrine effects of synthetic pyrethroids; fenvalerate and cypermethrin in the third instar larvae of Orhreis materna (Linn.). Asian J expl Sci 2010, 24(1), 137-40.

Laboratory experiment was conducted to examine sub-lethal effects of two pyrethroids; fenvalerate and cypermethrin on the cephalic neuroendocrine system of third instar larvae of fruit-sucking moth, Othreis materna. Larvae were sprayed separately with half of the calculated LC₅₀ dose of fenvalerate and cypermethrin for 1,6, 12, 24 and 48 hrs. Variation in the action of fenvalerate and cypermethrin insecticides was observed. In the fenvalerate-treated larvae, the medial neurosecretory cells of the brain contain moderate quantity of neurosecretory material after 1 hr and the cells were totally devoid of neurosecretory material for rest of the experimental period, indicates release of neurosecretory material from the neurosecretory cells. In the cypermethrin-treated larvae, on the contrary, accumulation of neurosecretory material in the medial neurosecretory cells up to 24 hr and release of neurosecretory material after 48 hr was observed. A significant (P œ 0.05) reduction in the nuclear diameter of cells of corpora allata was observed in both the pyrethroid-treated larvae. Thus, disruption of the neuroendocrine system has been implicated as a factor contributing to the irreversible effects of pyrethroids intoxication in insects.

3 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

011778   Sharma J;Kesharwani S (Zoology Dep, Govt. Auto. M.H. College of Science & Home Science for Women, Jabalpur) : Fish diversity of Jabalpur (M.P.). Bull Bio Sci 2009, 7(1), 7-11.

Investigation was carried out to study the Ichthyofauna of Jabalpur (M.P.). The identification of fishes was carried out during the year 2003-04, with the aid of various keys and Fauna for fish identification. Fishes were obtained from various water bodies of Jabalpur, from fishermen and also from various collection centres and sale counters for fishes of Narmada river. The results confirm the occurrence of 45 species belonging to 8 orders and 13 families. Out of the species identified, the order Cypriniformes was the dominant group. Common fishes included major carps, Peninsular carp, catfishes and air breathing fishes which have high commercial and economic value.

1 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

011777   Sharangouda;Patil S B (Zoology Dep, Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Gulbarga Univ, Gulbarga-585 106, Email: sharanjpatil@gmail.com) : Antifertility principles from Citrus medica seeds: anti-inplantation, abortifacient and phytochemical studies. Asian J expl Sci 2010, 24(1), 155-61.

Citrus medica seeds have been used by the ancient Indian ayurvedic physicians to induce abortion. Petroleum ether, benzene and ethanol extracts of C. medica seeds were subjected for phytochemical studies. Bioactivity directed phytochemical investigation revealed that the seeds extracts showed the presence of alkaloids and glycosides and all the extracts were tested for antiimplantation and abortifacient acivity at the dose level of 200mg/kg body and 400mg/kg body weight to female albino rats. Though, all the treated groups showed significant antiimplantataion activity, when laparotomised on day 10th, it is maximum (87.24%) with the high dose of petroleum ether extract. Upon withdrawal of the treatments the rats which retained the implantation continued pregnancy. The pregnant rats which received the treatment from 8 to 14 days of pregnancy showed abortifacient activity and it is maximum (39.63%) with high dose of petroleum ether extract. The reasons for pregnancy interruption, due to the administration of C. medica seeds extracts, are discussed.

3 tables, 39 ref

011776   Saxena P N;Anand S;Saxena N;Bajaj P (Zoology Dep, Dr.B.R. Ambedkar Univ, Khandari Campus, Agra-282 002) : Effect of arsenic trioxide on renal functions and its modulation by Curcuma aromatica leaf extract in albino rat. J envir Biol 2009, 30(4), 527-31.

The protective effects of Curcuma aromatica leaf extract were studied on nehrotoxicity induced by arsenic trioxide in albino rats. LD₅₍₎ estimated for arsenic trioxide was 14.98 mg kg^{1 body weight. Nephrotoxicity was assessed by estimating the serum levels of urea, uric acid and creatinine, the markers of renal dysfunctioning. The applied doses of arsenic trioxide administered orally were 0.007,0.01, 0.02 and 0.15 mg 100 g1 body weight for sub acute (21,14 and 7 days) and acute (1 day) treatments respectively. Arsenic trioxide intoxication significantly increased the serum level of urea, uric acid and creatinine in comparison to control due to renal dysfunctioning. Pretreatment with dose of 50 mg kg1 body weight of leaf extract of Curcuma aromatica restored the increased serum levels of urea, uric acid and creatinine to normal. The results reveal that Curcuma aromatica leaf extract has a potential to modulate the renal dysfunctioning caused by arsenic trioxide.}

1 illus, 4 tables, 37 ref

011775   Saravana Bhavan P;Geraldine P (Zoology Dep, Bharathiar Univ, Coimbatore-641 046) : Manifestation of carbaryl toxicity on soluble protein and histopathology in the hepatopancreas and gills of the prawn, Macrobrachium malcolmsonii. J envir Biol 2009, 30(4), 533-8.

The study examined alterations in the protein pattern and histopathologyofthe hepatopancreas and gills ofMacrobrachium malcolmsonii following exposure to Sevinr, the commercial grade ofcarbaryl (1-Naphthylmethyl carbamate) pesticide. Juvenile prawns were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations 5.15μg I^{1, 7.73 pg I1 and 15.47μ gl1 of carbaryl for 21 days. Samples were obtained from the hepatopancreas and gills of prawns. The concentration of buffer soluble protein in tissues of test prawns was significantly (p< 2.5%) lower than the control. This suggests that proteins were utilized to generate energy in order to withstand carbaryl induced toxic stress. Polypeptide bands of different molecular mass (150-10 kDa) in tissues of test prawns stained less intensely than those in control. This indicates that carbaryl toxicity caused protein degradation in tissues of test prawns. The histology of the hepatopancreas and gills showed few marked pathological changes in prawns exposed to carbaryl. These include rupture of the basal laminae, abnormal infiltration I aggregation ofhemocytes in the interstitial sinus of the hepatopancreas and in the hemocoelic space of gill lamellae, fused gill lamellae and necrosis like appearance both in the tubules of the hepatopancreas and gill lamellae. The structural alterations observed in the hepatopancreas and gills of the prawns suggest that carbaryl caused tissue damage in M. malcolmsonii. Protein degradation is a phenomenon in damaging tissues, and thus, under such condition the hepatopancreas and gills of test prawns would not perform their vital functions, which in turn ultimately affect the survival and growth of M. malcolmsonii. The changes noted in protein and histology of test prawns can be taken as biomarkers for monitoring pesticide pollution in aquatic environments. Since this species of prawn is a nutritious delicacy to human being, monitoring aquatic pollution by carbaryl is warranted.}

1 illus, 1 table, 47 ref

011774   Sahni K;Chandra Prabha;Yadav R (Zoology Dep, Vedic Kenya P.G. Mahavidyalaya, Raja Park, Jaipur-302 004) : Food consumption, food perference and effect of additives on the acceptability of bait in Rattus rattus. Asian J expl Sci 2010, 24(1), 129-31.

Food preference and food consumption test was carried out in Rattus rattus by offering four cereals, bajra (Pennisetum typhoides), wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa) in the form of flour, whole grains and broken grains. Among flours bajra was most preferred with a mean daily consumption (MDC) of 15.91 gms/rat/lOOg.b.wt. Among whole grains wheat was preferred to the bajra, rice and maize. The mean daily consumption (MDC) of wheat grain was 17.9gms/rat/100 g. b.wt. In broken grains again the order of preference was wheat followed by bajra, rice and maize. Mean daily consumption of wheat (broken grain) was 9.09 gms/rat/100 g.b.wt. Influence of additives on the amount of food consumed was also noted. Among additives MDC of sugar mixed with most preferred (bajra) flour was increased to that of individually tested food items. Further, their consumption decreased when oil and essence was added to bajra flour. This study was carried out to find out a simple and effective bait base to control rats.

4 illus, 7 ref

011773   Rizvi A N (NO, , Zoological Survey of India, Northern Regional Station, Dehra Dun-248 195) : Diploscapter sp. (Nematoda : Rhabditida) associated with termites : first report from India. Ann For 2009, 17(1), 157-9.

1 illus, 14 ref

011772   Ravi Sekhar R;Pushpa Raj C J;Savithri Y; Madhava Rao S;Jayantha Rao K (Zoology Dep, S.V. Univ, Tirupati-517 502, Email: kjrao_1954@rediffmail.com) : Alterations in oxidative enzymes in liver and kidney tissues of albino rats under cypermethrin toxicity. Bull Bio Sci 2009, 7(1), 25-31.

Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, has been one of the most important insecticides in wide scale use because of its low toxicity to birds and mammals but high insecticidal activity. This study has revealed significant varians in oxidative enzymes with oral sublethal (41 mg/kg) administration of cypermethrin as single, double and multiple doses with 48hr intervals. Glucose -6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase ( G-6-PDH) and Lactae Dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were increased where as Succinate Dehydrogenate (SDH) and Malate Dehydrogenase (MDH) activities were showed significantly decreased in Liver and kidney tissues of albino rats based on dose and time dependent manner. G-6-PDH is a key enzyme of HMP path way. This path way serves to generate glycolytic intermediates for the production of energy to tolerate toxic stress. SDH is vital enzyme of citric acid cycle, it catalyses the reversible oxidation of Succinate to fumate. LDH activity increased during anaerobic conditions to meet the energy demands. MDH activity denotes fluctuations of oxidative metabolism and also reflects the turnover of carbohydrates and energy out put.

2 tables, 31 ref

011771   Olofintoye L K (Zoology Dep, Ado-Ekiti Univ, Faculty of Science, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Exiti State, Nigeria, Email: toyetalk@yahoo.com) : Larvicidal spectrum of some aqueous plant extracts on larvae of Anopheles gambiae. Bull Bio Sci 2009, 7(1), 39-44.

Aqueous extracts of leaves of Aloe keayi (Reynolds), Monida lucida (Benth) and Nicotiana tobaccum (L) and fruits of Datura stramonium (L) were screened for insecticidal properties against mosquito larvae Anopheles gambiae. The extracts of the four plants exhibited significant difference (P< 0.05) larvicidal activity against An. gambiae at the range of 0.01 ppm- 0.9 ppm concentrations with the mortality rates of mosquito larvae ranged from 24.0- 96.0%. The highest larvicidal activity with LC5- value of 0.08 ppm after 1 hr of treatment and LC5- value of 0.25ppm after 48 hr of treatment was observed with N. tobaccum This was followed by D. stramonium fruits extracts with LC₅₀ value of 0.21 ppm and LC₉₀ value of 0.48ppm after 1hr and 24 hr of treatment respectively. The extracts of A. keayi and M. lucida are much lower. )

4 tables, 18 ref

011770   Olofintoye L K (Zoology Dep, Ado - Exiti Univ, P.M.B. 5363, Ado - Exiti - State, Email: toyetalk@yahoo.com) : Bioefficacy of aqueous extracts of Ageratum conyzoides and Azadirachta indica against anopheline and cuciline mosquito larvae. Bull Bio Sci 2009, 7(1), 13-18.

The larvicidal activities of aqueous extracts of seed, leaf of Azadirachta indica and leaf and whole plant of Ageratum conyzoides against the larvae of Anopheles sp, Culex sp and Aedes sp were investigated. The mosquito larvae were exposed to a serial dilution, 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/l of the aqueous extracts of the seed and leaf of a A. indica and leaf and whole plant of A. conyzoides for 24 hrs. All tested extracts showed larval mortality, although, mortality rates varied with the concentrations of the aqueous extracts of the plants parts from (0.0 - 100.0%). The bioefficacy of the two plants used showed a significant difference (x^{24 = 26.30, P< 0.05 in the, mortality rates of the three mosquito species).}

1 table, 24 ref

011769   Maweu O M;Deng A L;Muia L M (Physics Dep, Egerton Univ, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya, Email: mawmant@yahoo.com) : Comparative study of Anopheles gambiae male mosquito's response to frequency modulated [Fm] and pulse modulated [Pm] waves at different acoustic frequencies and distances. Asian J expl Sci 2010, 24(1), 51-5.

The efficiency of an electronic device meant to disrupt acoustic communication between male and female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes was tested by recording approaches of the males towards the device as a function of distance and frequency. Different bioassays were conducted with broadcasts from the device and taped mimics of the female species wing beats at different distances and frequencies. A large number of the males, 85% remained near the broadcast speaker for a significantly longer period when the broadcast sounds of the device were at 380 Hz than at any other frequency range. The taped mimic sounds of the female mosquitoes in flight elicited a maximum response rate of 75%. A test involving a choice between the device and taped sound mimics by male mosquitoes revealed that a high number (75%) of them flew towards the device while 10% were attracted by the taped sounds whereas 15% were undecided and made oscillatory motion between the two sources. Additional bioassays conducted to examine the effect of the device on non-flying males showed that almost 75% were disturbed and approached the speaker within a distance of 0.5 m, which confirmed a radiative near-field communication for these insects.

5 tables, 12 ref

011768   Manbeer Kaur;Rose H S;Sidhu A K (Zoology Dep, Punjabi Univ, Patiala-147 002) : Life history of the tawny coster, Acraea terpsicore (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae : Acraeinae). Ann For 2009, 17(1), 108-12.

Lonidium heterophyllum Vent, and Viola tricolour Linnaeus (Violaceae) have been recorded as major and minor host plants of Acraea terpsicore (Linnaeus), respectively. The gross morphology and duration of various life stages have been recorded. The larval and oviposition behaviour have also been studied in detail.

1 illus, 4 ref

011767   Maiti K;Paik T;Samanta R (P.G. Dep of Zoology, Raja N L Khan Women's College, Gope Place, Midapore, Email: kartikmaity@yahoo.co.in) : Ichthyafaunal diversity in Saraikella-Kharsawan district of Jharkhand, India. Bull Bio Sci 2009, 7(1), 33-8.

The abundance and diversity of fishes were found to be influenced greatly by the extent of water bodies. A total of seventy-five species of fishes recorded in this study belonged to fifty-two genera, twenty-three families and six orders (Table-1) and they were distributed in different water bodies with varied abundance (Paik and Chakraborty 2003).

1 table, 8 ref

011766   Magray A;Peerzada M Y (Zoology Dep, Kashmir Univ, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, Email: asiya_magray@yahoo.com) : Endohelminthiasis in frogs (Rana cyanophylictus Schneider) and toads (Bufo viridis Lourenti) of Kashmir valley. Asian J expl Sci 2010, 24(1), 151-4.

The work was carried out in 10 months period from March to December 2007. Different types of endohelminths belonging to Nematoda, Cestoda and Trematoda were obtained from different organs of Frogs and Toads. It was observed that the incidence of infection of Nematodes was higher (85%) than cestodes (72%) and trematodes (35%). Out of 152 frogs and toads, 114 frogs and toads were infected with Rhabdias bufonis in their lungs while as 80 frogs and toads were infected with Cosmocerca; 110 frogs were found infected with the cestode Nematotaenia, and 45 frogs were found infected with trematodes. The nematodes were present in highest number in toads. It was also found that the infection of frogs and toads varied from region to region and season to season. Severe infection in frogs and toads was found in the month of August, September and October which later on decreased to a very low rate in the month of November and December. The infected organs (lungs and intestines) of frogs and toads were also preserved and processed for histopathological studies. The histopathology of infected organs showed a marked difference at different times during the course of work. It was observed that the mucous membrane of infected intestine was damaged by Nematodes, Cestodes and Trematodes. Severe damage was caused to the lungs of frogs and toads by Nematodes. The trematodes had caused slight damage to the intestinal walls.

6 ref

011765   Lalramliana;Yadav A K (Zoology Dep, Pacbbunga Univ College, Mizoram Univ, Aizawl-796 001, Email: lrl_zoo@yahoo.co.in) : Laboratory evaluation of the pathogenicity of three entomopathogenic nematodes against larvae of cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae linnaeus (Lepidoptera: pieridae). Sci Vision 2009, 9(4), 166-73.

The development of indigenously isolated entomopathogenic nematodes as biological control I agents was investigated. The study involved three nematode species (Heterorhabditis indica, Steinemema thermophilum and S. glaseri) and their pathogenicity against larvae of cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae, under laboratory conditions. Nematodes of different concentrations I (0, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 IJs/larva in 0.5 ml of distilled water) were applied against the insect pest using Petri dish assay. Progeny production of Us was determined by the number of Us produced per larva/pupa (within 20 days), following their exposure to Us of EPN species at different concentrations. The data were analyzed statistically and the significance of the difference was determined by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and student's t-test. LC₆₀ and LT₅₀ values were determined and estimated. Among the three species S. thermophilum caused larval mortality at 24 HAI (hours after inoculation) at 50 IJs/larva. However, at 48 HAI in addition to S. thermophilum, H. indica also revealed 100% mortality at 100 IJs/larva. In case of S. glaseri no mortality was observed at 24 HAI. The study thus concluded that both on the basis of mortality and LC₅₀ value (30.2 IJs/larva at 48 HAI) S. thermophilum emerged as the most potent species. The progeny production by larvae of P. brassicae was noted to be highest only in case of H. indica. The production increased along the concentrations till the highest concentration for both H. indica and S. thermophilum but declined from 50 IJs/larva onwards in case of S. glaseri.

3 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

011764   Lalchhandama K (Zoology Dep, Pacbbunga Univ College, Mizoram Univ, Aizawl-796 001, Email: chhandama@gmail.com) : On the structure of Raillietina echinobothrida, the tapeworm of domestic fowl. Sci Vision 2009, 9(4), 174-82.

The structure of Raillietina echinobothrida, the gastrointestinal tapeworm of the domestic fowl, Gallus domesticus, was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. There are already reports on the fine structure of the parasite; however, due to the choice of procedure, many of the resultant information are inadequate, contradicting, and occasionally, erroneous. A slightly modified technique in the microscopic preparations employed in the present study such as the use of formaldehyde as a fixative and tetramethylsilane prior to air drying for SEM, and successive treatments with xylene and clove oil during histological processing provided far more superior methods, and definitely, better results. Unlike in other studies, the scolex was unambiguously a round, distended and bulbous anterior end of the body. The suckers were protruding oval structures, while the apical rostellum was distinctly an invaginated, depressed and hollow structure. The central spaces of both the suckers and rostellum were covered with smooth tegument, made up of ciliary microtriches. The microtriches on the proglottids were arranged in smooth cascades, all directed toward the posterior, and giving the topography of the tegument a uniform velvety appearance. The body cavity was mostly occupied by uteri containing fertilized eggs in a gravid proglottid; and by testes, ovaries, and vitellarium dispersed among the parenchyma in a mature proglottid. The parenchyma notably filled up the remaining pseudocoel of the body. The distinctive characteristics of R. echinobothrida were established to be the double layered rostellum of pick mattock-shaped hooks, a thick short neck and a single egg in each egg capsule.

3 illus, 32 ref

011763   Kuljinder Singh;Manpreet Kaur;Rup P J; Jatinder Singh (Insect Physiology Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Guru Nanak Dev Univ, Amritsar-143 005) : Effect of Indian coral tree, Erythrina indica lectin on eggs and larval development of melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae. J envir Biol 2009, 30(4), 509-14.

Study was undertaken to investigate the influence ofD-galactose binding lectin from Erythrina Mica Lam. on the eggs and second instar larvae (64- 72 hr) of melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett). The lectin from E. Mica seeds was extracted and purified by affinity chromatography using asilofetuin linked porous am/no activated silica beads. The effects of various concentrations (0, 125,250,500 and 1000 pg ml^{1 of lectin were studied on freshly laid eggs (0-8 hr) of B. cucurbitae which showed non-significant reduction in percent hatching of eggs. However, the treatment of second instar larvae (64-72 hr) with various test concentrations (0,25,50,100 and 200 pg ml1) of lectin significantly reduced the percent pupation and percent emergence of B. cucurbitae depicting a negative correlation with the lectin concentration. The LC₅₀ (81μg ml1) treatment significantly decreased the pupal weight. Moreover, the treatment of larvae had also induced a significant increase in the remaining development duration. The activity of three hydrolase enzymes (esterases, acid and alkaline phosphatases), one oxidoreductase (catalase) and one group transfer enzyme (glutathione S-transferases) was assayed in second instar larvae under the influence of LC₅₀ concentration of lectin for three exposure intervals (24,48 and 72 hr). It significantly suppressed the activity of all the enzymes after all the three exposure intervals except for esterases which increased significantly.}

3 illus, 2 tables, 37 ref

011762   Hwangbo J;Hong E C;Jang A;Kang H K;Oh J S;Kim B W;Park B S (NO, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA Suwon-441 706) : Utilization of house fly-maggots, a feed supplement in the production of broiler chickens. J envir Biol 2009, 30(4), 609-14.

Recent study have suggested the utilization of maggots as a feed supplement for enhanced broiler performance. Maggots, which are a major dietary source of protein, appear during the biodegradation of chicken droppings using house flies. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of maggot supplementation on the meat quality and growth performance of broiler chickens. A total of 600 one-day-old male commercial broiler chicks (Ross) were randomly assigned into 5 treatment groups consisting of 40 replicates of 3 birds. The birds were fed either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 5.0,10.0,15.0 and 20.0% maggots. Overall, broiler chicken performance was influenced by the optimal amino acid profile; high protein (63.99%) and essential am/no acid content (29.46%), or high protein digestibility (98.50%) of the maggots. Maggot supplementation caused linear increases in live weight gain but not the feed conversion ratio. The diets of 10 and 15% maggots was the most efficient in terms of average weight gain for the 4-5 week old broiler chickens(p< 0.05). It also significantly increased dressing percentage, breast muscle, and thigh muscle (p<0.05). No differences were observed for liver, abdominal fat, or meat color, and the crude protein contents of breast muscle were constant. However, in the maggot-fed broilers, breast muscle lysine and tryptophan levels increased significantly as compared to the birds fed the basal diet (p< 0.05). These results indicate that feeding diets containing 10 to15% maggots in chicken dropping after biodegradation can improve the carcass quality and growth performance of broiler chickens.

7 tables, 25 ref

011761   Gupta S K;Rana D (Zoology Dep, D.B.S. (P.G.) College, Dehra Dun-248 001) : On Colisa sp. from eastern Doon-taxonomi notes and distibutional nee record. Ann For 2009, 17(1), 122-34.

Investigation discusses Colisa lalia, Colisa fasciatus and Colisa labiosus from Eastern Doon. Taxonomical variations with reference to serrations on opercles and subopercle, teeth on jaws, scaly denseness over vertical fins, dorsal and anal fin spines and colour pattern have been discussed. Interestingly, the taxonomical analysis of these species has made it abundantly clear that it is very difficult to segregate all the three species on the basis of overlapping meristic and morphometeric characters yet they are segregated to some extent on the basis of body shapes. Their colouration, too, is variable. The overlapping of characterizations makes it more difficult when one wishes to segregate C. fasciatus and C. labiosus. Their thus far distributional record in the valley is also discussed. Colisa lalia and Colisa labiosus are new records for the valley.

9 illus, 31 ref

011760   Ghavami S (Insect Toxonomy Research Dep, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Araneology Research L, Tehran, Iran, Email: ghavami10@yahoo.com) : Investigation density of population of spiders in the rice fields in the northern part of Iran. Asian J expl Sci 2010, 24(1), 95-100.

A survey of spiders associated with consideration the spider's fauna and abundance in the rice fields situated in the northern part of Iran (Guilan, Mazandaran and Golestan provinces) during 2005-2006. Specimens were collected from rice fields in the cropping season by shaking bushes, pans, bottle and aspirator and were taken to the laboratory after labeling. A total of 287 individuals belonging to 27 species, 33 genera and 14 families were recorded during the study period. Among them 2 families, 3 genera and 1 spider species were new for Iranian spider fauna. Tetragnathidae and Araneidae were dominant families and Tetragnatha extensa (Linnaeus, 1785) (Family Tetragnathidae) and Neoscona adianta (Walckenaer, 1802) (Family Araneidae) were the most abundant species. Orb weavers were dominant at all study sites. Specimens were immature in the spring and they were adult in the summer.

4 tables, 25 ref

011759   Ghavami S (Insect Toxonomy Research Dep, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Araneology Research L, Tehran, Iran, Email: ghavami10@yahoo.com) : Spider (Order: Araneae) fauna of grain fields in the northern part of Iran. Asian J expl Sci 2010, 24(1), 89-93.

The study was carried out to identify the spider as fauna of grains fields in Guilan, Mazandaran and Golestan provinces, during 2005-2006. Specimens were collected from wheat, barley, soybean and corn bushes by aspirator, pans, pitfall trap, bottle and shaking and were taken to the laboratory after labeling. A total of 151 specimens were classified in 30 species and 35 genera belonging to 15 families.

3 tables, 23 ref

011758   Chittaranjan Rao B;Nagaraja Rao P (Zoology Dep, O.U. College for Women, Koti, Hyderabad) : Influence of crop plants on the pheromone trap catches of Spodoptera litura (Fabersias). Asian J chem envir Res 2009, 2(3-4), 21-4.

Influence of crop plants on the synthetic sex pheromone of Spodoptera litura was studied in the fields of cotton and redgram at Basuregadi village, Ranga Reddy district Andhra Pradesh in India during the crop season 2000-01 and 2001-02. It was found that pheromone trap catches of Spodoptera litura was more in the cotton field than in the redgram field.

2 tables, 14 ref

011757   Ajay Kumar;Alok Kumar;Sharma P (NO, , S-37, Shivalik Nagar, BHEL, Hardwar-249 403) : Methionine and glutathione induced inhibition of heavy metal accumulation in the liver of albino rats. Asian J expl Sci 2010, 24(1), 133-5.

The effects of methionine and glutathione on heavy metal accumulation has been determined in the liver of albino rats, Rattus rattus albino, fed on metals viz. Copper (C_u), Manganese (Mn), Molybdenum (Mo), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd) and Zinc (Zn). Significant deposition of metal content in hepatic tissue caused by oral administration of individual metal. Supplementation of methionine to the diet of rats, significantly inhibited the accumulation of Cu, Mn and Zinc only. However an insignificant decline in Mo, Cr and Cd deposition was also observed after supplementation of methionine in respective metal fed rats. Whereas, rats fed on metal in addition to glutathione showed a significant inhibition in metal accumulation except Zn which was inhibited insignificantly. Present results confirm that glutathione is more effective than methionine in declining the accumulation of metals in the liver.

18 ref

010695   Verma D;Paliwal A;Surendra Singh (Zoology Dep, Ganjdundwara (PG) College, Ganjdundwara-207 242) : Apterygotes infesting human dwellings. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2008, 28(3), 395-7.

Contains description of two species of Apterygotes, Lepidocyrtinus ethiopicus borner and Cyphoderus assimilis Borner which have been collected from human dwellings in Etah district (U.P.). Some observations were made regarding their association with human dwellings. The apterygotes infest human dwellings such as kitchen, semi-moist places, sinks and both room pipelines etc. They are repulsive as the more obvious houseflies or the cockroaches.

6 ref

010694   Venkatareddy M;Radhakrishnaiah K (Zoology Dep, Life Science Faculty, Sri Krishnadevaraya Univ, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh) : Impact of adrenalectomy on the protein metabolism and histology of the reproductive tissues in albino rats (Rattusnorvegicus albinus). Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 3(2), 205-9.

A significant decrease in the levels of total proteins along with an increase in free amino acid (FAA) levels;and protease activity were observed in the testis of male and ovary of female rats on adrenalectomy (ADX) at day 15 and 30 compared with sham operated(SO)rats. These results indicate the on set of proteolysis in the reproductive tissues of rats under ADX stress. The magnitude of those changes were significant more in the ovary of female ADX rats than the testis of males. It revealed more susceptibility of females to adrenalectomy than the males. Longer the duration of adrenalectomy more is the protein breakdown in both the sexes as noticed from day 15 to days 30. Corresponding to the changes in protein levels, some degenerative changes in the histology were observed in the testis and ovary of ADX rats at day 15 to dyas 30 of experimentation corresponding to normals. Necrotic spermatogonia and atrophy of leydig cells were seen in the seminiferous tubules of testis in ADX rats on day 15. The spermatogonia was further reducecd at day 30. The ovary exhibited absence of all the stages of developing follicles at day 15 and the breakage of the membrane of oocytes and reduced the number of granulosa cells at day 30. These changes revealed the suppression of ovarian steroidogenesis due to decreased ovarian activity after adrenalectomy. In conclusion, the observations indicated proteolysis in reproductive tissues of rats on adrenalectomy leading to structural disruption and decreased reproductive ability. This is more in females than on males and in both the sexes increased with the duration of adrenalectomy.

2 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

010693   Vaidya V V;Parveen Z;Kulkarni G K (Zoology Dep, Sangamner College of Arts, Sci. and Comm., Sangamner Dist. Ahmadnagar, Maharashtra) : Pyrethroid pesticides induced changes in the nephridial excretory products of the earthworm, Lampito mauritii (Kinberg). Natn J Life Sci 2009, 6(2), 141-4.

Among the abiotic factors, pesticides are known to have much effect on different physiological activities in earthworms. In the present study toxic effects of pyrethroid pesticides, cypermethrin and fenvalerate were determined on the nitrogenous excretory product of nephridia of Lampito maurltii. The major excretory product were found to be urea and uric acid, where as ammonia was in negligible amount. Exposure of worms to sub lethal concentrations of cypermethrin (0.007 and 0.014 ppm) and fenvalerate (0.025 and 0.05 ppm) produced significant (p<0.05) increases in urea and uric acid levels after 4 and 12h of exposure repectively, whereas significant (p<0.05) decreases were produced in ammonia level. The effect of pesticides was concentration and time dependent. As the concentration of pesticide and time of exposure increased, there was more depletion in the level of ammonia and more increase in the levels of urea and uric acid. Cypermethrin was found to be more toxic than fenvalerate.

1 table, 15 ref

010692   Thomas S;Nasser M (NO, Research Centre of CMFRI, Bolar, Mangalore-575 001, Email: sujithacmfri@yahoo.co.in) : Growth and population dynamics of short-neck clam Paphia malabarica from dharmadom estuary, North Kerala, southwest coast of India. J Mar Biol Ass India 2009, 51(1), 87-92.

Growth and population dynamics of the short-neck clam Paphia malabarica from Dharmadom estuary in north Kerala was studied for one year (December 2003-November 2004). The age and growth of P. malabarica were studied by continuous sampling of the population and analyzing the changes in size frequency distribution. The growth parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth function was L∞ = 59 mm, annual K= 0.92, and t₀ = -0.1596. The life span was estimated as 2.5 to 3 years. P. malabarica in the estuary attains a length of 35.5 mm and 49.6 mm respectively at the end of the first and second year. The length at first maturity (L_m) was estimated as 22 mm and 50% of the clams matured at the age of 7 months. All the clams above 22 mm were mature i. e., before reaching the first year. The total mortality coefficient (Z) was 4.65, natural mortality coefficient (M) was 1.82 and fishing mortality coefficient (F) was 2.83. Virtual Population Analysis showed that F was the maximum in the largest size group (35-38 mm). The mean numbers and catch by length showed that the maximum catch (16.5 t) consisted of 35-38 mm length group. Average yield of P. malabarica for the period 2003-2004 calculated from the length-based Thompson and Bell prediction model was 115 t and the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) was 69.3 t. It was found that 80% of the present effort is sufficient to arrive at the MSY.

6 illus, 1 table, 31 ref

010691   Tara J S;Gupta R;Chhetry M (Zoology Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu) : Aeolesthes holosericea fabricius, an important pest of apple plantations (Malus domestica Borkh.) in Jammu region. Asian J Anim Sci 2009, 3(2), 222-4.

17 ref

010690   Tannu Shree;Sinha A K (Zoology Dep, H.D. Jain College, Ara (Bhojpur)-802 301) : Evaluation of efficacy of water quality in relation to fecundity, oviposition time and larval growth in culex fatigans (Diptera: culicidae). Proc Zool Soc India 2009, 8(2), 79-85.

Water of 4 types (tab water, ditch water with 0.4% dried and powdered rabbit pellets, and rice straw infusion - 10 to 15 days old) were used to evaluate their efficacy in relation to fecundity, ovipostion time and larval growth of the mosquito Culex fatigans. Mean fecundity value was found to be 162.4 in rice straw infusion as against 108.4 in tap water, 135.6 in ditch water, and 152.0 in pellet water. No significant difference was observed in oviposition time in tap water (73.6h) and ditch water (72.8h) and between pellet water (71.8h) and rice straw infusion (71.4h), but difference between tab water and pellet water, tab water and rice straw infusion, and ditch water and rice straw infusion was found to be significant. The mean body length shows significantly better growth in all instars in rice straw infusion than in ditch water. Thus, rice straw infusion is very suitable medium for experimental work on Culex fatigans.

3 tables, 15 ref

010689   Sunila Kumari Y;Rajeshwar Rao O V (Zoology Dep, Univ College of Science, Osmaina Univ, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh) : Protein metabolism of male and female a canthocephalan parasite, Pallisentis nagpurensis. Natn J Life Sci 2009, 6(2), 167-8.

Total protein content of female Acanthpcephalan parasites recorded was relatively at higher levels than the males. The protein metabolism reaches its peak level at the time of egg production in acanthocephalans. Both soluble and the insoluble protein and amino acid contents of Pallisentis nagpurensis, are higher in females than the males. The fairly high activity of GDH indicated that the enzyme plays an important role in the protein metabolism. In comparison the female parasites showed higher level of GDH than the males. The GPT and GOT enzyme activities were at low profile in both the sexes.

2 tables, 6 ref

010688   Sinha R;Sinha P (Zoology Dep, A.N. College, Patna) : Role of ashwagandha in restoring the HB% and RBC content in endosulfan exposed swiss albino mice. Proc Zool Soc India 2009, 8(2), 109-12.

Endosulfan, which belongs to the organo-chlorine group of insecticide, is widely used in agriculture. It is classified as "Extremely Hazardous Pesticide" (ITRC, 1989). Observations were made first to see the deleterious effect on Hb% and RBC content in adult female Swiss albino mice, Mus musculus after their exposure to Endosuifan for four weeks. Both parameters recorded substantial decrease. Later observations were made to study the mitigating effect of Ashwagandha (Withenia sominifera) on Hb% and RBC content after administering it for one, two and four consecutive weeks to mice earlier exposed to Endosuifan for four weeks. Blood samples were collected from control, endosulfan treated and Ashwagandha treated specimen and analysed. Treatment with Ashwagandha helped in restoring the haemoglobin and RBC content and the effect increased with the increase in the duration of its administration.

1 table, 1 illus, 5 ref

010687   Singh S N;Singh O P;Kumar A;Singh S N P (N.L.S. College, J.P. University, Chapra-841 301) : Various dietary protein level on the growth response and feed conversion efficiency in Catla catla (Hamilton) fingerlings. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2008, 28(3), 307-12.

Effects on growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were evaluated for the fingerlings (5.8±1.92g) of a major Indian carp, Catla catla by using five semipurified pelleted diets with dietary protein levels ranging from 15% to 55% in the laboratory conditions over a 30 days feeding period at 29-31°C temperature. The best growth in terms of net weight gain was obtained with 45% dietary protein. FCR increased with increasing dietary protein upto 45% level, and thereafter decreased showing minimum level for the diet with 55% protein-PER values were observed to be negatively correlated with dietary protein levels.

4 tables, 23 ref

010686   Singh S (Zoology Dep, Govt Girls P G Auto College of Excellence, Sagar, (Madhya Pradesh), Email: sweetashna@yahoo.com) : Prevention of cadmium induced changes in the gono-somatic index of fishy gonads by selenium. Biozone 2009, 1(2), 204-6.

Study was designed to investigate the acute effect of cadmium chloride as safe concentration in gono-somatic index of Clarias batrachus. In order to elucidate the effect of supplementation of selenium and its protective role against Cadmium toxicity was observed.

2 tables, 8 ref