011763   Verma M P;Rastogi R A (Soil & Water Conservation Dep, College of Technology, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technol, Pantnagar) : Muskingum routing models for Chaukhutia watershed. Indian J Soil Conserv 2004, 32(2), 113-15.

The Muskingum flood routing model was developed for application to river systems where multiple tributaries, unit to a single channel down stream. The parameters of Muskingum routing equation, storage coefficient, computed by Wilison method however the routing coefficient x is assumed from 0.05 to upto the 0.5 at interval of 0.05. This method provide the flexibility to chose the value of weighting factor to compute the accurate peak discharge and flood forecasting. Thus the method of flood routing is used to channel routing for Chaukhutia watershed of Ramganga river to compute the peak of direct runoff hydrograph and the obtained results are encouraging.

4 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

011762   Sinha R K;Herat S (Griffith Univ, Sch of Envir Engng, Brisbane QLD-4111, Astralia) : Cleaner production technologies industries with case studies-1: chemical, energy, fertilizer, metal and mining. Indian J envir Prot 2004, 24(4), 241-50.

12 ref

011761   Singh V R (Instrumentation and Sensors Group, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi-110 012, Email: vrsingh@mail.nplindia.ernet.in) : Smart sensors: Physics, technology and applications. Indian J pure appl Phys 2005, 43(1), 7-16.

The semiconductor technology has advanced a rapid progress in the sensors which are heart of instrumentation systems. These days, most of the sensors are `smart' in nature. In such sensors, the sensing elements and associated electronics are integrated on the same chip. Generally, silicon is preferred as sensor material because it can give a suitable physical conversion effect and can give suitable signal processing circuit, with integration of the sensing element and electronic circuits on the chip, by using standard planar technology. The smart sensors have main advantages of fast signal conditioning, higher signal-to-noise ratio, self testing, auto calibration, small physical size, high reliability, failure prevention and detection. In the paper, recent advances in smart sensors along with their design and fabrication aspects, are discussed. The smart sensors developed in the Laboratory, mainly smart pressure sensors and smart lithotripsy sensor, are presented, besides smart sensors used in industrial controls, automotive and biomedical fields. Biochips and biosensor are also cited for some of the specific applications.

ia, 10 illus, 23 ref

011760   Sharma S K;Narendra Kumar;Rao M V B (Bridge Div, Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi-110 020) : Discussion on bridge weight testing inspection and experimental details. Bhartiya Vaigyanik Evam Audyogik Anusandhan Patrika 2004, 12(2), 336.

Systematic detailed description of accepted parameters for necessity of weight testing and testing method for a bridge have been described. Weight testing on a precast concrete arm beam box guarder along with experimental data has also been described.

011759   Shah N A;Malik M A (Postgraduate Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Technology, The University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190 006, Email: mohdameen2003@yahoo.co.in) : Current-mode universal biquadratic filter with single input and four outputs using FTFNs. Indian J pure appl Phys 2005, 43(2), 142-4.

A novel four terminal floating nullor (FTFN) based universal current-mode (CM) biquadratic filter configuration with single input and four outputs (SIFO) is presented. The circuit is based on and employs six FTFNs of the same polarity and as many passive components and realizes simultaneously lowpass (LP), highpass (HP), inverted bandpass (BP) and Notch filtering functions without any imposition of component matching conditions or cancellation constraints. The circuit can also be made to realize allpass (AP) response by tying together appropriate output filtering signals. The topology has the distinct feature of low input and high output impedances which permits easy cascading for the construction of higher order filters. The circuit enjoys low passive sensitivity figures. The resonance frequency ω_o/Q and bandwidth ω_o/Q can be independently tuned while as resonance frequency ω_o and quality factor Q can be orthogonally adjusted. Experimental and PSPICE simulation results are given to confirm the theoretical results.

3 illus, 18 ref

011758   Shah N A;Iqbal S Z;Parveen B (Postgraduate Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Technology, The University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190 006, Email: zaffer121@rediffmail.com) : Electronically tunable current-mode bandpass filter. Indian J pure appl Phys 2005, 43(1), 60-2.

A new current-mode (CM) operational transconductance amplifier-capacitor (OTA-C) structure implementing second-order bandpass (BP) filtering response and offering a variety of performances is presented. The use of one type of sources and grounded capacitors (GC) considerably simplifies the implementation of the filter in contemporary IC form. The electronic tuning of circuit characteristics has been achieved orthogonally by adjusting the transconductance gain (gm) of OTAs. The circuit possesses low sensitivity figures having values less than or equal to unity lending it better performance feature.

3 illus, 16 ref

011757   Pandey V K;Panda S N;Sudhakar S (Soil & Water Enginnering Dep, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur-492 006) : Digital elevation model for topographic parameterization of agricultural watershed of Gowai river catchment. Indian J Soil Conserv 2004, 32(2), 108-12.

Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is a raster representation of a continous surface, usually referring to the surface of the earth. This is a valuable tool for the topographic parameterization of watersheds. In the study DEM of 23m x 23m resolution was developed using ARC/INFO GIS software from contour map (1:25000 scale) of Banikdih agricultural watershed. Flow-direction and flow-accumulation themes were developed using depression less DEM. Finally, topographical parameters and stream (main channel and tributary channel) properties relating to land surface of watershed were extracted. The minimum and maximum values of slope were found to be 0% and 19.10% respectively. The minimum and maxium vales of aspect range (decimal degrees) were found to be Flat (-1) and Northwest (337.50), respectively. The minimum and maximum vales of elevation were found to be 198.39m and 303.91m, respectively. The total length of main and tributary channels was found to be 31720m and 56320m respectively. The average values of slope, width and depth of main channel were found to 5-39%, 8.49m and 0.44m respectively, where as the average values of slope, width and depth of tributary channel were found to be 0.69%, 5.45m and 0.34m respectively.

6 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

011756   Mohan S;Magesh N (Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division, Dep of Civil E, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai-600 036) : Dependability of irrigation and hydropower during drought. J Indian Wat Resour Soc 2004, 24(3), 1-11.

A trade off relationship between irrigation and hydropower production was developed under drought conditions for a multi-purpose reservoir system. A linear programming model is employed which incorporates the physical, mass balance and water availability constraints of the Bhandra reservoir system in Karnataka, India. Variations of monthly reservoir releases for irrigation are incorporated based on the drought conditions and the consequent impacts on hydropower production are studied. The results show that upto 70% of the annual flow, the droughts do not have any impact on the trade-off relations and below that it affects very much. Recommendations are made for the operating guidelines during the droughts for system under study in the light of these results.

5 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

011755   Mehta M (Coll of Home Sci, Family Resource Management Dep, CCS HAU, Hisar) : Operational evaluation of modified MDV woodstove. Indian J envir Prot 2004, 24(4), 258-61.

In India majority of women use traditional mud woodstove for the purpose of cooking, which is quite unsatisfactory as only small amount of potential energy, is utilized in traditional woodstove. To overcome these problems a MDV woodstove (double walled 'U' shapped woodstone with air insulation and with grate and flame concentration plate) was developed. In this MDV woodstove there was reduction in some generation and the saving in fuel was 26.48% in increase in thermal efficiency was 98.24% over the traditional woodstove. The study was undertaken to modifiy the MDV woodstove by using sand and turri (hay) as insulating material and changing the grate height. The performance of modified MDV woodstove was assessed in terms of fuel burning rate, as and charcoal produced specific fuel consumption, thermal efficiency and power output. The fuel burning rate and specific fuel consumption was increased most of the modifications. The thermal efficiency and power output were decreased. The turri insulated MDV woodstove with 9 cm grate height was better than rest of the modifications but the original MDV woodstove with grate height of 7 cm was the best.

3 illus, 1 table, 3 ref

009618   Ttk - Lig Ltd (NO, , No. 6, Cathedral Road, Chennai-600 086) : Ioniser for electronic testing machine. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009617   Sony Electronics, Inc (NO, , 1 Sony Drive, Park Ridge, New Jersey 07656, U.S.A) : Method for providing future upgradability and expandability of devices in a home audio/video network and an apparatus for the same. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009616   Siemens Building Technologies Ag (NO, , Bellerivestrasse 36, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland) : Smoke detector. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009615   Siemens Aktiengesellschaft (NO, , Wittelsbacherplatz 2, 80333, Munchen, Germany) : Method for parameterization of a receiving station, and an adaptive filter for receiving station. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009614   Siemens Aktiengesellschaft (NO, , Wittelsbacherpalatz 2, 80333, Munchen, Germany) : Device for rail safe controlling and monitoring electric loads in rail transport. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009613   Siemens Aktiengesellschaft (NO, , Wittelsbacherpalatz 2, 80333, Munchen, Germany) : Non conductive substrate forming a strip or a panel on which a multiplicity of carrier elements is formed. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009612   Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V (NO, , Carel Van Bylandtlan 30 2596 Hr The Hague, The Netherlands) : Flexible joint. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009611   Shah K (NO, , Unit No. 3, Opal, Plot No. 252, Sector - 28, Vashi, Navi Mumbai-400 703) : An inter locking or self locking brick/brick blocks for novel construction system. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009610   Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd (NO, , 416, Maetaon-Dong Paldal-Gu, Suwon-City, Kyungki-Do, Republic of Korea) : A multi-stage combined optical isolating device for transmitting uni-directional light signals. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009609   Samsung Electronics Co (NO, , 416, Maetan-Dong Paldal-Gu, Suwon, Kyonggi-Do, Korea) : Method and apparatus for circulating cool air in refrigerator. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009608   Ratnaparkhi P K (NO, , Elektra House, 691/1A, Pune-Satara Road, Pune-411 037) : Device for carrying out the tool wear compensation method for CNC controller. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009607   Philip Morris Products Inc (NO, , 3601 Commerce Road Richmond, Virginia 23234, USA) : A lighter for use in an electrical smoking system. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009606   Outokumpu Oyj (NO, , Riihitontuntie 7, Fin-02200 Espoo, Finland) : Belt for the thermal treatment of a continuously operated material bed. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009605   Otis Elevator Co (NO, , Ten Farm Springs Road, Farmington, Connecticcut 06032-2568, USA) : An elevator system. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009604   Michael N (NO, , Mayor 62, E-07144 Costix, Baleares, Spain) : Drinks can. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009603   Mead Corp (NO, , Ohio Courthouse Plaza Northeast Dayton Ohio, 45463, USA) : A wraparound type article carrier with keel structure. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009602   Mcdermott J R (NO, , 1450, Poydras Street, PO Box 600 35, New Orleans, La 70112, USA) : Deep water lowering apparatus for the installation of underwater structural components. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009601   Mannesmann Vdo Ag (NO, , Kruppstrasse 105, D-60388, Frankfurt, Germany) : Eddy current measuring device. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009600   Keihin Corp (NO, , 26-2 Nishishinjuku 1-Chome, Chinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, Japan) : Fuel supply apparatus for vehicle. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009599   Industrial Jewels Pvt. Ltd (NO, , Kamani Chambers, 2nd Floor, 32, Ramjibhai Kamani Marg, Ballard Estate, Mumbai-400 038) : A jeweled bearing for use in electric meters. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009598   Herbert Bennett (NO, , 12205, Flatlands Avenue, Apt, 5L, Brooklyn, New York 11207, USA) : Burner system for a gas range top. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009597   Hemrajani J K H (NO, , 3, Nayan Appartment, 25, Sardar Patel Nagar, Ellisbridge, Ahmedabad-380 006) : In built moulded jet spray nozzle for water closet seat. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009596   Giriraj K R (NO, , 4, Birla Shopping Centre, Opp. Nasik Road College, Nasik Road-422 101) : Improved corrugated board and a packing box made therefrom. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009595   General Electric Comp (NO, , 1 River Road, Schenectady 12345, New York, USA) : Methods and apparatus for scanning an object and displaying an image in a computed tomography system. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009594   Engelhard Corp (NO, , 101 Wood Avenue, Iselin, New Jersey 08830, U.S.A) : An engine exhaust treatment apparatus for abating pollutants and the method of use. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009593   Emitec Gesellschaft fur Emissionstechnologie MBH (NO, , Hauptstrasse 150, D-53797, Lohmar, Germany) : Process and apparatus for producing a honeycomb body. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009592   Eaton Corp (NO, , Eaton Center, 111 Superior Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44114-2584, USA) : Compound change gear transmission assembly with reduced gear hopout. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009591   Daewoo Electronics corp (NO, , 686 Ahyeon-Dong, Dapo-Gu, Seoul Korea) : Waveform equalization appartus. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009590   Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements (NO, , Michelin-Michelin & Cie 12, Cours Sablon, F-63040 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 09, France) : A tyre having a tyre section height/tyre section width form ratio of less than 0.8 to be fitted on a vehicle bearing heavy loads. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009589   Compagnie Generale Des Establissements Michelin - Michelin & Cie (NO, , 12 Cours Sablon, F-63040, Clermond-Ferrand Cedex 09, France) : A tyre comprising at least one radial carcass reinforcement. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009588   Andre Perret (NO, , Biederstesiner Str. 12, D-80802 Munchen, Germany) : Protective roof for vehicles such as bicycles. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009587   Amsted Industries Inc (NO, , 205 N. Michigan Avenue, 44th Floor - Boulevard Towers South, Chicago, Il 60601, USA) : A steel railway wheel. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009586   Ahmedabad Electricity Co. Ltd (NO, , Electricity House, Lal Darwaja, Ahmedabad-380 001) : Process for separating metallic debris from coal being conveyed to a pulverizer crusher. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

009585   Tolles W M;Rath B B (Naval Research Laboratory, , Washington DC 20375, USA) : (NULL). Curr Sci 2003, 85(12), 1746-59.

The virtues of nanotechnology have combined to make the subject worthy of special emphasis in the research community and a source of new commercial products. This has been the result of a synergistic combination of major historical technological advances, recent scientific discoveries (especially of new scientific principles), and a futuristic vision that supports widely acclaimed goals. Surprisingly complex self-assembled structures (new materials) resulting from nature's forces have been discovered and are under intense examination for exploitation. The forces lead to biological complexity, also a result of self-assembly, and are beginning to be understood. The subject has opened new scientific frontiers and has begun to redirect scientific pursuit from somewhat narrow fields of inquiry within scientific disciplines to include broader objective related to technologies and useful materials. Aspects of the subject that make it particularly attractive for high-level support are examined. Nano-technology as it impacts fields of electronics and information, biology, chemistry and medicine, energy, the environment, transportation, and especially that of materils, is briefly considered.

6 illus, 83 ref

009584   Thomas P J;Kulkarni G U (Nanolaboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560 064) : From colloids to nanotechnology: Investigation on magic nuclearity palladium nanocrystals. Curr Sci 2003, 85(12), 1760-6.

Current status of nanoscience research is briefly surveyed with special emphasis on monodisperse metal nanocrystals. Tunneling spectroscopy measurements on polymer protected magic nuclearity Pd₅₆₁ nanocrystals have revealed single electron charging effects. Mesoscopic organizations resulting from self-assembly of these nanocrystals have been investigated. Giant clusters containing magic numbers of nanocrystals are formed when the nanocrystals are capped uniformly with a polymer. In contrast, alkanethiol capped nanocrystals yield well ordered two-dimensional arrays. The Pd nanocrystals have also been exploited as seeds to grow Ni overlayers of desired thickness to form Pd-Ni core-shell nanoparticles. Magnetic arrays of Pd-Ni nanoparticles have been obtained.

10 illus, 24 ref

009583   Subbaiah R (College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh-362 001) : Climatic variations and crop irrigation requirements. J Agrometeorol 2004, 6(2), 162-71.

Irrigation requirements are probabilistic in nature due to random nature of rainfall and evapotranspiration. A water balance procedure in which rainfall and evapotranspiration are considered as stochastic variables is considered. Box and Cox transformation and normal distribution were applied to estimate weekly rainfall and evapotranspiration. Total probability theorem and leaky law of probability was applied for handling zero data in rainfall and evaporation data. Siddeek and Azahar procedures were compared to estimate weekly irrigation requirements for kharif groundnut crop. It is very interesting to note that Siddeek procedures give conservative estimates of irrigation requirements for arid regions than Azahar approach. This is because, for a particular probability of irrigation requirement, the probability of evaporation demand is less than Azahar estimates as rainfall is very less. The cumulative irrigation requirements were fitted with Pearl Reed model and Gompertz model. Forecasting accuracy of Gompertz model was better than Pearl Reed model.

1 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

009582   Subbaiah R (College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Junagadh Agricultu, , Junagadh 362 001) : Stochastic modeling of evapotranspiration. J Agrometeorol 2004, 6(2), 153-61.

The stochastic structure of weekly evapotranspiration time series estimated from the Penman equation is analyzed using an additive model. The turning point test and Kendall's rank correlation test are applied for detecting the trend. Correlogram technique is used to detect the periodicity, which is then analyzed by Fourier series method. Significant harmonics were identified . The series is then tested for stationarity and the dependent part of the stochastic is found to be well expressed by the second order auto regressive model. As a result, the model superposes a periodic deterministic process and a stochastic component. The developed periodic-stochastic model may be used for representing the time-based structure of the evapotranspiration time series.

1 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref

009581   Srivastava N N;Victor U S;Vijaya kumar P (NO, Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad-500 059) : Relative contribution of energy and aerodynamic components in Penman's equation at a semi arid tropical location. J Agrometeorol 2004, 6(2), 172-7.

Many weather stations include measurements of the evaporation from a U S Class - A pan evaporimeter as the basis for calculating the water loss from the crops. But most places are without such measurements, and, even where there is a pan the measurements may be vitiated by poor maintenance. This study has shown that the relative contribution between energy and aerodynamic terms in Penman's formula on potential evaporation exists in the ratio of A : <76> : <103> which needs to be changed to <76>: 6.14 <103> for the semi arid tropical location of Patancheru, Medak, Andhra Pradesh. With this modification the correlation coefficients between observed and estimated pan evaporation have changed from 0.46 - 0.66 to 0.94 - 0.99 during the test years of 1985 - 2002. Student's 't' test also confirmed validity of this approach.

1 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

009580   Pal P K;Sen S;Sarkar A (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032) : Finite element analysis of heat transfer in a two dimensional 90°-bend. J Energy Heat Mass Transfer 2002, 24(4), 315-33.

The work has been carried out to investigate the prospects of simulating bends with Finite Element method. The flow structure in bends and its influence on temperature distribution, under the conditions of specified wall heat treasfer co-efficients, have been extensively studied. The effect of bend radius has also been reported. It has further been established that increase of wall heat transfer co-efficient reduces the temperature difference between the two walls at any location of the duct.

15 illus, 22 ref

009579   Mittal V;Khan B K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, BRCM College of Engineering and Technology, Bahal-127 028) : Evolution of turbulent convection of liquid metals heated from below. J Energy Heat Mass Transfer 2002, 24(4), 299-313.

Inertial convection is a two-dimensional flow mechanism effectively transporting heat in Rayleight-Benard convection in liquid metals at Rayleigh numbers above 10⁴ for medium to large aspect ratio enclosures. In the study, model-free two-dimensional numerical simulation of Navier-Stokes and energy equations in square enclosure is performend in order to analyse the dynamics of inertial convection in transitional to fully turbulent flow regimes in liquid metals (Pr=0.015) for Rayleigh numbers ranging from 10⁴⁸. The results show that inertial convection exists in medium range of Ra, and it occurs locally in space and in time and in that area in which flow is roughly two-dimensional at large scales with secondary vortices near the walls. At Ra numbers higher than 10⁶, large-amplitude oscillations occur in all the dynamical variables as well as integral parameters such as Nusselt numbers at both the walls with spatially changing flow field structures. The power spectrums show that power starts gettign concentrated in sinle dominant frequency at Ra greater than 10⁶ and there is complete absence of low power frequencies. This phenomenon suggests the appearance of two-dimensional turbulence characterized by the presence of inverse cascade of energy.

15 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

009578   Maaleque K A;Sattar M A (Mathematics Dep, American International University-Bangladesh, House-58/B, Road-21, Kemal Ataturk Avenue Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh) : The effects of hall current and variable viscosity on an unsteady MHD laminar convective flow due to a rotating disc. J Energy Heat Mass Transfer 2002, 24(4), 335-48.

Investigates the effects of temperature dependent viscosity and Hall current on an unsteady flow of an incompressible electrically conducting fluid on a rotating disc in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. The induced magnetic field is neglected while the Hall efect is taken into consideration. The fluid viscosity is assumed as an inverse function of tenperature. The system of axial-symmetric non-linear partial differential equations governing the unsteady flow and heat transfer are written in cylindrical polar coordinates, and reduced to non linear ordinary differential equations aby introducing suitable similarity parameters. Numerical solutions are obtained by using Runge-Kutta and Shooting method. The nature of radial, tangential and axial velocities and temperature are shown for various non-dimensional parameters at different layers of the medium. The coefficients of skin frictions and the rate of heat transfer are calculated at different viscosity parameter ε, magnetic interaction purameter M, Hall current m and rotational parameter R.

5 illus, 1 table, 24 ref