019220   Bhagyaveni M A;Shanmugavel S (Telematics Lab Dep of Electron and CommunicationEngineering Coll of En, Anna Univ, Chennai-600 025, Email: bhagya@annauniv.edu) : Power - Aided zone based routing for mobile ad hoc network. IETE Tech Rev 2005, 22(6), 435-48.

Authors has proposed Power aided zone based routing (PAZ) protocol, which use less overhead to acheieve efficient routing for large networks. In PAZ, the power zones are formed between the source and the destination during the route discovery phase. Only the nodes that are in the periphery of these zones participate in the data transfer between the source and the destination. Every node maintains an one-dimensional array that indicates whether the node is enabled to route the data for a particular source or not. The algorithm is simulated using GloMoSim and the performance results are compared with Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector routing (AODV) protocols. The results indicate a considerable decrease in delay, control overhead and average hopcount.

15 illus, 2 table, 13 ref

019219   Banwait S S (Mechanical Engng, Natn Inst of Tech Teachers' Training and Res, Sector 26, Chandigarh-160 019) : Comparative performance analysis of non-circular two-lobe and three-lobe journal bearings. J Instn Engrs-Pt MC 2006, 86(Jan), 202-10.

A critical analysis of the effect of journal misalignment on the thermohydrodynamic performance characteristics of non-circular two-lobe and three-lobe and three-lobe journal bearings has been presented. The misaliganment considered is bi-planar and varies in magnitude. The important features observed in static performance characteristics of thermohydrodynamic analysis of misaligned non-circular two-lobe and three-lobe journal bearings are reported along with the stability parameters and temperature profile.

9 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

019218   Balakrishna Murthy V;Shivakar V S;Prasanna kumar K (Mechanical Engng Dep, V R Siddhartha Engng Coll, Vijayawada-520 007) : Prediction of engineering properties of GFRP lamina : tensile behaviour. J Instn Engrs-Pt MC 2006, 86(Jan), 191-4.

Fibre-reinforced composite materials are slowly emerging from the realm of advanced materials and are replacing conventional materials in a variety of applications. However, the mechanics of fibre-reinforced composites is complex owing to their anisotropic and heterogeneous characteristics. The mechanical properties of a unidirectional continuous fibre GFRP angle-ply lamina (specially ortotropic lamina) are evaluated using the finite element method. A finite element model incorporating the necessary boundary conditions is developed and is solved using commercially available FEA packae. The results are compared with analytical solution possible.

10 illus, 10 ref

019217   Aslam;Palanichamy M S (Civ Engng Dep, Mepco Schlenk Engng Coll, Sivakasi-626 005) : Inelasatic analysis of a pin loaded lug by finite element method. J Struct Engng 2005, 32(5), 397-400.

4 illus, 9 ref

019216   Arun Kuma G;Srinivasan P S S (Mechatronics Engng Dep, Kongu Engng Coll, Perundurai-638 052) : Topology optimisation of compliant mechanisms for displacement amplification in strain actuators. J Instn Engrs-Pt MC 2006, 86(Jan), 187-90.

A topology optimisation method is developed to design a displacement amplifying compliant mechanisms for induced strain actuators. Two optimisation methods are developed, one that maximises the stroke amplification or geometric advantage (CA) of the mechanism, and another one maximises the mechanical efficiency (ME) of the mechanism. These formulations are implemented using two diferent solutions methods, sequential linear programming (SLP) and an optimality criteria (OC) method. Computation time and mechanism performances are compared for the two solution methods.

4 illus, 7 ref

019215   Antony Jeyasehar C;Vidivelli B (Civ and Structural Engng Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Repair and rehabilitation of damaged RC beams using plate bonding technique. J Struct Engng 2005, 32(5), 383-8.

The use of cementetious composites for infrastructure applications is becoming more popular with the introduction of new high performance materials. Ferrocement laminates are introduced to enhance the overall performance of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Study presents a method for repairing and rehabilitating damaged RC beams above the original capacity level using ferrocement laminates which were directly glued into the cracked tension face of the beam by epoxy adhesives. A total of 16 beams of size 125 mm x 250 mm x 3200 mm with effective span 3000 mm were cast and tested. Four of them were perfect beams (BP1-BP4). The damage due to overloading was achieved in terms of ultimate load carrying capacity (P_μ) of the perfect beams. Twelve beams (BOR1-BOR12) were damaged under overloading by applying 80% P_μ and 90% P_μ six of them in each category. Then these were repaired and rehabilitated by using ferrocement laminates with three different volume fraction (V_r = 2%, 3% and 4%) of reinforcement, two beams in each category. Static dynamic tests were conducted on all the beams to evaluate the flexural and dynamic properties. A non-linear analysis using ANSYS software has been performed to get the load-deflection and load-strain behaviour for perfect and rehabilitated beams. Results showed a close agreement between the numerical solution and experimental values.

10 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

018056   Yang Y M;Mahalik N P;Ahn B H;Cho J H;Nho J M (Mechatronics Dep, Gwangju Inst of Sci and Technol, Oryong-dong, BuK-Ku, Gwangju-500 712, Korea, Email: yangym@gist.ac.kr) : Novel algorithm for DBA. IETE J Res 2005, 51(6), 491-7.

For dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) in optical communication systems a novel scheme is proposed. The scheme is based on burst-polling delta DBA. A higher quality of services (QoS) can be achieved by the use of in loop-back WDM passive optical networks (WDM-PON). The algorithm consists of two parts in terms of facilitating inter scheduling mechanism and other part controlling the up as well as down streams. The network recourses can be optimally utilized. For the verification, a simulation study has been carried out. It has been shown that the novel scheme can provide improvement as regards to packet delay, queue length and channel utilization.

12 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

018055   Upadhyay S N (Cent of Advd Study Chem Engng & Technol Dep, Inst of Technol Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005) : Advanced integrated wastewater pond systems: their suitability for India. J Indian Ass Envir Mgmt 2005, 32(1), 13-22.

6 illus, 6 tables

018054   Thiruppathi K (NO, Sterilite Industries (I) Ltd, Chennai) : Wastewater management in non-ferrous metallurgical plant in India. J Indian Ass Envir Mgmt 2005, 32(1), 32-9.

10 illus, 2 tables

018053   Thakur U P (Def Machinery Des Establ, , PB NO. 2043 Secunderabad-500 023) : Corrosion mitigation. J Metall Mater Sci 2005, 47(1), 1-13.

Corrosion mitigation can be tackled in holistic manner only when it is regarded as an active interaction of the surface with the environment - the chemical interaction, mechanical, electrical, thermal, and many other interactions. The success of surface engineering lies in how best direct, indirect, or modify this interaction and optimise the corrosion performance. In this sense, materials and their characteristics, processes and their characteristics and variety of these two entities have come into play to enhance the corrosion performance of the surface. One type of interaction itself is affected by other interactions. For example, chemical interaction itself is influenced by or modified by mechanical processes and interaction, electrical interaction, optical and thermal interaction - such as transmission or reflection and many others and all of them today are being exploited to increase the resistance of the surface to corrosion. Another shift that is noticeable is that when we approach to modify surfaces to fight corrsion, it is not only corrosion resistance that is aimed at but a host of other surface characteristics that want to improve, like wear, tear, adhesion, reflection, and many others. Corrosion is thus just one of a host of factors that is considered as part of the integrated view of enhancing the performance of the surface.

27 ref

018052   Suresh S;Sridharan C;Raju N (NO, WRI BHEL, Tiruchy) : Development of CAD based software to predict longitudinal distortion in long beam type welded sections. J Text Ass 2005, 66(3), 17-23.

Simple method is proposed by Farkas and Jarmai to predict longitudinal distortion, based on the thermo-mechanical theory proposed by Okerblom. A software package has been developed to predict distortion in welded structures using the above theoretical model. The model has also been validated which has also been discussed later in the article. Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) an advanced programming feature linked with Active X controls in AutoCAD has been used for the development of the software. A comparative analysis of experimental and predicted results has been done. The results reveal that the software is capable of predicting longitudinal distortion in long welded structures.

8 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref

018051   Sundareswaran K (Electl and Electron Engng Dep, Natn Inst of Technol, Tiruchirapalli-620 015) : Steady state analysis and simulation of PWM inverter fed capacitor run induction motor. IETE J Res 2005, 51(6), 441-5.

Transient and steady state analysis and simulation of capacitor run induction motor driven by Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) voltage source inverter have been presented. The d-q axes model of the motor is represented in the state-space form and is used for simulation study. Experimental results are provided to validate the simulation results.

4 illus, 11 ref

018050   Sharma I K (NO, , ) : World scenario on broadcasting technology trends. Elect Inf Plann 2005, 32(11-12), 272-86.

2 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

018049   Sarma A D;Madhu T (Res and Training Unit for Navigational Electron, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad-500 007, Email: ad_sarma@yahoo.com) : Modelling of foF₂ using neural networks at an equatorial anomaly station. Curr Sci 2005, 89(7), 1245-7.

Critical frequency of the F₂-layer (foF₂) is an important parameter in estimating the total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere, which is necessary for predicting the ionospheric time delay in GPS applications. The foF₂ data from Ahmedabad, which is in the equatorial anomaly region, are modelled using a multilayer neural network trained with back-propagation algorithm. The IRI-2001 model together with this neural network model can be used for predicting/forecasting of the foF₂ parameter within the Indian subcontinent. The foF₂ values thus predicted can be used to estimate the critical TEC parameter.

2 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

018048   Sahu O P;Soni M K;Talwar I M (Electron and Commun Engng Dep, Natn Inst of Technol NIT, Kurukshetra) : Time domain analysis of two-channel QMF bank. IETE J Res 2005, 51(6), 469-75.

Product terms in the system function of the QMF bank have been replaced by the respective convolution sums. The perfect reconstruction condition and an expression for ripple energy of the QMF bank have been obtained in time domain. Symmetry properties of the filters have been exploited which obviously reduces the computational complexity.

13 ref

018047   Sahu A K;Panda P K (Mater Sci Div, , P.B. No. 1779, National Aerospace Laboratories, Email: pkpanda@css.cmmacs.ernet.in) : Ceramic coatins on metals prepared by sol-gel technique for corrosion resistance study. J Metall Mater Sci 2005, 47(1), 25-9.

Aluminium metal substrates were coated with silica, titania and silica-titania using the alkoxide precursors. The coating solutions were prepared by hydrolysis and condensation reactions of the alkoxide precursors. The metal substarates were pre-treated and coatings were prepared by dip coating the substrates in coating soultions of suitable consistency. They were withdrawn at aconstand rate of 1mm/sec. The coatecd substrates were heat treated in the temperature range of 350-500°C for 3 hrs. The corrosion resistance of coated substrates was measured by potentio-dynamic polarization test using 5% H₂SO₄ as well as 3.5% NaCl solutions and the results were compared with corrosion of bae metal. From the study, it was observed that the corrosion rate of aluminium metal was reduced by 86% for silica coatings, 25% for titania coatings and 77% for silicatitania coatings in 5% H₂SO₄ solutions. Similarly, the corresponding reduction of corrosion rates was 99%, 90% and 95% respectively in 3.5% NaCl solution. The corrosion resistance of silica coatings was very good compared to poor resistance of pure titania coatings. The addition of silica increases the corrosio resistance of titania appreciably.

4 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

018046   Rao S A;Padmalatha;Nayak J;Shetty A N (NO, Manipal Inst of Technol MAHE, Manipal-576 104) : 3-Methyl-4-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole as inhibitor of corrosion of 6061 Al-15 vol. pct. SiC(p) composite. J Metall Mater Sci 2005, 47(1), 51-7.

Inhibition efficiency of 3-Methyl-4-Amino-5-Mercapto-1,2,4-Triazole (MAMT) on the corrosion behaviour of Al-SiC(p) composite in 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 N HCl solution has been investigated in the temperature range 30°-50°C using polarization technique. The results indicate that MAMT is chemisorbed following Temkin's model and acts as an anodic inhibitor. The inhibitor efficency increases with increase in inhibitor concentration and also with increase in temperature for a given inhibitor concentration.

5 illus, 4 tables, 19 ref

018045   Rao O P (NO, Coun of Scientific & Industrial Rersearch, Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001, Email: oprao@csir.res.in) : Distributed power generation for rural development. J rur Technol 2005, 2(2), 93-100.

Distributed power generationis an alternative option to centralised power system in the rural areas. It has several advantages over centralized system. The distributed generation in the capacity less than 30MW is setup close to the consumer and does not involve the conventional transmission and distribution system. A number of technologies are commercially available for distributed power generation. These technology options have been discussed in the paper indicating key parameters like capital cost, cost of electricity, efficiency, expectedlife and energy density etc. The status of these technologies in India has been mentioned in the paper. The R&D requirements and future prospects of technologies have been covered. The criteria and strategy for applicability of distributed generation systems has been discussed. It is concluded that the distributed energy technologies are essential for rural electrification to meet the targets set by the government to complete electrification of all villages by 2007.

2 tables, 8 ref

018044   Rao K L (NO, , Jeedimetla Effluent Treatment Limited, Plot 267,, Phase - I, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad-500 055) : Common effluent treatment plant - a prerequisite for the sustenance and development of an industrial estate. J Indian Ass Envir Mgmt 2005, 32(1), 23-7.

Crucial role played by Common Effluent Treatment Plants for Industrial wastewater has been brought out taking M/s Jeedimetla Effluent Treatment Limited as a case study. Further, it is emphasized that CETP can help industrial estates towards its sustenance and development.

1 illus, 2 tables

018043   Ramkumar A S;Ponnambalam S G;Narandren G; Mahaprabhu C (Production Engng Dep, Amrita Sch of Engng AVVP, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, Email: as_ramkumar@ettimadai.amrita.edu) : Optimization of multi-row machine layout problem in flexible manufacturing systems by guided local search. Mfg Technol Mgmt 2005, 1(Oct-Dec), 10-14, 20.

Presents an application of Guided Local Search (GLS), a general meta-heuristic algorithm to optimize the multi-row machine layout problems in flexible manufacturing systems. The machine layout problems involve the arrangement of a given number of facilities so that the total cost to move the required material between the machines, is minimized. In practice, two patterns of machine layout frequently occur, single-row, in which the facilities are arranged linearly in two or more rows, the corresponding problem can be formulated as the Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP). The machine layout problems are known to be NP-complete. Meta heuristics, suich as genetic algorithms, greedy genetic random search procedures, simulated annealing, tabu search and ant algorithms, find many applications in a variety of practical and difficult combinatorial optimization problems. Guided local search is applied to optimize the multi row machine laout problems. The results are compared and reported with benchmark instances from QAPLIB.

1 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

018042   Raman S;Ramgopal S (NO, , , Email: sudhantira_r@yahoo.com) : Linear prediction method to extrapolate ultrasonic data. J Instrum Soc India 2006, 36(1), 52-6.

Discusses use of Linear Prediction method(LP) to retrieve themain echo from a noisy ultrasonic signal. The method extrapolates the data beyond a desired point of time, from where the noise starts to suppress the true signal. The data used for testing was one which obtained from previously conducted experiment. The LP method was useful when presence of a number of scattering entities in the medium or that of some other disturbance,makes the 'signal to noise' ratio of transmitted ultrasonic signal low.

018041   Rajvanshi A K (Dep of Mech Engng, Malaviya Natn Inst of Technol, Jaipur-302 017, Email: akrajvanshi@mnit.ac.in) : Heat transfer in nucleate pool boiling at high heat flux. J Energy Heat Mass Transfer 2005, 27(4), 247-56.

A heat transfer model is proposed in which transient two-dimensional heat conduction equation is solved taking into account the timewise thinning of the macrolayer. It is concluded that the heat transfer by conduction through the macrolayer and resultant evaporation of macrolayer at the liquid-vapour interface takes place near the critical heat flux while at lower heat flux evaporation of macrolayer takes place at the bottom of the vapur stems at the liquid-vapour-solid contact point.

4 illus, 13 ref

018040   Rajesh Kumar V (Sch of Civ Engng, SASTRA Deemed Univ, Thanjavur) : Development of groundwater model using remote sensing and geographic information system. Indian J Geomorph 2003, 8(1-2), 143-52.

Study was carried out to evaluate the performance of aquifer by developing, calibrating and validating the model of aquifer in south Chennai that extends from Adyar to Muttukadu using Remote Sensing, GIS and the versatile groundwater package of porcessing MODFLOW. The basemap, slope map and relief map of the study area were derived from toposheets on 1:50000 Scale (66D/1&5, 66C/4 and 66C/8). The maps such as land use map, soil map and geomorphology map were interpreted using IRS-1C satellite imagery. The geology map was preapared to delineate the boundary of aquifer. The base, soil, land use, geomorphology, slope and relief maps were digitized using ARC/INFO software. The soil and land use map were over-layed to get curve numbers as output. The geomorphology, slope and relief maps were considered as the factors in runoff calculations. Runoff was calculated using USDA-SCS curve number technique. Evapotranspiration was estimated using penman's equation. Then using the collected rainfall data, recharge was calculated. The base map digitized was converted into DXF format from ARC and was inputted into MODFLOW software for developing model. By using groundwater levels and other hydrological parameters, the model was analysed and calculated. Using the calibrated data, the model was simulated. The field and simulated date were compared.

3 illus, 4 tables, 9 ref

018039   Rajaram Narayanan;Gowri S;Ganesh P (Manufacturing Engng Dep, Anna Univ, Chennai-25, Email: rajaram_1967@yahoo.com) : Surface roughness inspection in turning operation using evolvable hardware chip. Mfg Technol Mgmt 2005, 1(Oct-Dec), 26-9, 36.

The most widely used surface finish parameter in industry is the average surface roughness (R_a). Surface roughness monitoring techniques using non-contact methods based on computer vision technology are recently becoming popular. An evolvable hardware configuration using VLSI chip XCV1000FPAA architecture to improve the accuracy of measurement of surface roughness is presented. The use of image processing techniques for grabbing the images online without acccounting for facts like noise and vibrations of machine tool are emphasized in this work. The algorithms used has the capability to process gray level images at rates of severeal hundred millions of instructions per second using evolvable hardware (EHW) techniques. These methods can achieve the sophisticated level of information processing similar to human cognitive thinking ability. The algorithms focus on using the characteristics that evolved systems present like, for example adaptation, autoregulation and learning. The surface images of the components are first acquired using the vision system and then the features of the surface images are extracted using a virtual chip programmed using evolutionary algorithms. The surface roughness value is then estimated using the regression analysis. The results obtained is compared with the values obtained using the conventional approach.

6 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

018038   Quraishi M A;Jamal D (Corros Res Lab Appl Chem Dep Fac of Engng & Technol, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-202 002, Email: maqraishi@rediffmail.com) : Inhibition of metals corrosion by a new vapour phase corrosion inhibitor. J Metall Mater Sci 2005, 47(1), 45-50.

There are several ways to prevent atmospheric corrosion of metals and alloys. Use of vapor-phase corrosion inhibitors (VCIs) has advantages over classical methods of corrosion prevention due to its less cost, practicability, accessibility and reliability. A new oleochemical based VCI namely, benzoic hydrazide stearate (BHS) was synthesized and evaluated as corrosion inhibitors of mild steel, brass and copper by weightloss method. Eschke test method, sodium chloride inoculation test method and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) test method were also carried out to investigate the corrosion inhibiting effect of the compounds. The investigated VCI exhibited good inhibition efficiency (IE) for all the metals under vapour phase conditions.

4 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

018037   Prasad Rao K;Ramanaiah N;Vamsikrishna B (Metall & Mater Engng Dep, Indian Inst of Technol, Madras, Chennai) : Effects of using of modified Al-Mg (AA 5356) filler on cracking susceptibility of Al-Mg-Si (AA 6061) alloy welds. Indian Weld J 2005, 38(3), 23-31.

Paper deals with an intention of solving HAZ problems through manipulating fusion zone chemistry and microstructure. Grain refiners such as Sc, Ti+B and Zr have been added to fusion zone through the AA5356 filler metal. The results indicated that the maximum refinement in the weld microstructure and consequent reduction in caracking susceptibility in alloy AA6061 can be achieved using AA5356 filler metal with 0.5% Sc addition.

6 illus, 4 tables, 22 ref

018036   Phuong T D;Chien P T;Binh H T;Linh D C (NO, Inst of Mater Sci, B1 No. 18, Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Email: toduyca@hn.vnn.vn) : The effect of phase composition and microstructure of 25Cr-6Ni-3Mo-0.25N duplex stainless stell on corrosion resistance. J Metall Mater Sci 2005, 47(1), 15-23.

The effect of phase composition and structure of Fe-25Cr-6Ni-3Mo-0.25N Duplex Stainless steel (DSS) on corrosion resistance in the medium containing chloride ion was investigated. Alloying rarte earth metals (RE) with steel had not caused any difficulty and alloying nitrogen (N) using FeCrN was favourable. The optimum δ content attained about 0.237% and RE about 0.062%. The increase of N and RE contents in steel had decreased α-ferrite composition and formed. The microstructural change of DSS obtained (50% α-phase, 50% γ-phase, and without σ-phase) had improved corrosion resistance of 25 Cr-6Ni-3Mo-0.25 N DSS. Phase composition and microstructure of DSS containing N and RE reveals that there to cleanness for grain interior anc boundary. The grain boundaries were narrow and the inclusions formed were RE oxysulfidees distributing inside the grain and strongly resistsing pitting corrosion. Almot all typical specimens containing N and RE were completely passivated. The corrosion phenomena such as pitting, intergranular and stress did not appear, after explosion to 20% NaCl solution.

6 illus, 2 tables, 37 ref

018035   Pathak V (Civ Engng Dep, Inst of Engng & Technol, Lucknow, U.P.) : A comparison of conventional and neural classification for urban mapping. Indian Surveyor 2005, 59(2), 17-22.

Land use classifiction has been carried out for Lucknow city area using IRS-IC multi-spectral features. Two classification algorithms have been tested i.e. Gaussian maximum likelihood classifier (GMLC) and non-parametric back-propagation (BP) neural network. Experiments have been conducted to see the level of improvement in digital classification of urban environment after adding classification with four bands using ANN as the classification algorithm improves classification accuracy in comparison to GMLC but the generalization capability of BP ANN is not better than GMLC.

3 tables, 10 ref

018034   Ong K S (NO, Monash Univ Malaysia, 2 Jalan Kolej, Bandar Sunway, 46150 Petaling Jaya, Malaysia) : Performance of a natural convection solar air heater. J Energy Heat Mass Transfer 2005, 27(3), 229-46.

The performance of a solar air heater operating under natural convection and at varying angles of inclination to the horizontal was considered and a theoretical model was proposed. Theoretical predictions of the surface temperatures of the glass cover, the heat absorbing wall and the air flow and also the induced air flow velocity were obtained. An experimental model was constructed adn tested under outdoor conditions. The experimental data were compared with the simulated values. Satisfactory agreement was obtaiend between predicted and experimental results for the air flow temperature and velocity. The wall and glass surface temperatures were over predicted.

14 illus, 12 ref

018033   Narayan S (NO, , 7621 Vantage Way, Unit 26 Delta, BC Canada V4G 1A6, Email: doctorsundar@hotmail.com) : Reynolds stress in a turbulent swirling jet. J Energy Heat Mass Transfer 2005, 27(4), 279-91.

Though well-established formulas for the mean flow variables in a turbulent swirling jet are available, no such algebraic equations exist that cangive the values of the Reynolds stresses or eddy viscositie. Except for the complicated SSG model, existing turbulence models are unable to compute the Reynoldsstresses. Presents an alternative to the SSG model in the form of algebraic formulas for the Reynolds shear stresses and eddy viscosities and shows that good predictions of the normal stresses can be obtained from them.

7 illus, 17 ref

018032   Morchhale R K;Ramakrishnan N;Dindorkar N (NO, Regional Res Lab (CSIR), Bhopal-462 026, Email: rkmorchhale@yahoo.com) : Bricks from copper mine tailings waste for soil conservation and employment generation for landless persons. J rur Technol 2005, 2(2), 79-86.

Due to continuous removal of topsoil, which is appropriate for agricultural purposes, is being used in production of conventional fired clay bricks, which results in depletion of natural resources for agriculture. Due to rapidindustrialization, enormous quantities of wastes are generated by industries. In this research work, efforts were made by Regional Research Laboratory (RRL), Bhopal to develop stabilized copper mine tailings bricks for 35, 50, 75 and 100 kg/cm² compressive strength, using copper mine tailings waste in combination with sand and cement. The emphasis is given on finding the engineering propertiesof bricks and cost comparison with equivalent bricks available. The study was also conducted for production cost analysis, employment potential and conservation of natural resource. It is found that 50,000 acres of agricultural land can be saved in a year by utilizing industrially generated wastes as building materials. It is the time to set a goal for "soil conservation, waste utilization and employment generation for landless persons" by converting waste into building materials.

5 illus, 8 tables, 23 ref

018031   Manohar S;Borana K;Patil S;Qureshi T A (Dep of Appl Aquacult, Barkatullah Univ, Bhopal-462 026) : Impact of training imparted to the rural women of Bhopal region on innovative techniques of freshwater aquaculture. J rur Technol 2005, 2(2), 101-4.

Although, the rate of literacy is higher in Bhopal as compared to other cities of the state, the women folk are still ignorant of recent technological developments and the aquaculture technology is no exception. In view of this perspective, the department of applied aquaculture, Barkatullah University, Bhopal implemented a training programme, sponsored bythe Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, to create awareness of recent aqaculure technologies among them. The project executed for a period of three years (2002-2005) under which six villages of Phanda block, Bhopal were identified. From every village, 20 women wereselected and trained on various innovative techniques of aquaculture. The department constituted self help groups of trainees of every village and provided a sum of Rs. 40,000/- to each group, for carrying out their future aquaculture activities. Though the women were trained on various important aspects of aquaculture which evoked interest in them but the sustenance of activities appear to be doubtful in the absence of any follow up programmes.

6 illus, 1 table, 3 ref

018030   Mandhar S C;Senthil G;Rathinakumari A C (NO, Indian Inst of Horticultural Res, Bangalore, Email: mandhar@iihr.kar.nic.in) : Mechanization of fruit harvesting. J rur Technol 2005, 2(2), 87-92.

Timely harvesting of fruits is important for maintaining the transportability, quality and shelf life. The mango is harvested by shaking the branches of the trees and fruits are allowed to fall on the ground in the regions near by Kolar and other regions due to shortage of labour. Fruit harvesting aids for mango have been developed at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (HHR),Bangalore and Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli (Maharashtra). These harvesters harvest the ffruit with pedicel to increase the shelf life. The harvesting aids for sapota, guava and lime have also been developed at IIHR,Bangalore. However the harvesting capacity of these harvesters is very less as the individual fruits are to be harvested and collected. In Thailand, vibrating harvester with 8.3 hp diesel engine, for mango has been developed. The individual branches of mango are held in padded clamps and vibrated with amplitude of 76-102 mm at 11 - 13 cycles per second. About 80-85% fruits are removed. The fruits are collected on a nylon catching net supported on portable stands. This harvester can be adopted in India for harvesting different fruits. In Australia, tractoroperated mango harvester has been developed. The labourers stand on the platform on the trailer with harvesting aids for harvesting the individual fruits. The harvested fruits fall on the apron where these are washed with detergent and moved by conveyor to the rear end of the harvester to fill the bulk bin. This system of harvesting can also be easily adopted unde Indian conditions. The canopy shaker harvesters with catching apron generally used for harvesting of orange inFlorida. USA can also be modified for harvesting the fruits.

20 illus, 2 ref

018029   Mahesh Kumar L;Ravi Kumar V;Senthil Kumar V S;Natarajan S;Venkataswamy S (Manufacturing Engng Dep, St. Peters Engng Coll, Avadi, Chennai) : Evaluation of the range of blank holding force in sheet metal deep drawing process. Mfg Technol Mgmt 2005, 1(Oct-Dec), 37-42.

Attempts have been made to use numerical simulation to identify proper blank holder force, which does not cause wrinkling and localized thinning. The finite element model provides the user to repeat the simulation by changing the conditions untill an optimal value is accomplished. The finite element package has been used to find out the range of blank holding force in deep drawing process. The punch, die, blank holder, blank were modeled with the shell element and the analysis has been done with LSDYNA solver. Numerical results are validated with the published results.

5 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref

018028   Lin J L;Gau C (Aeronautics and and Astronaut Dep, Republic of China Air Force Acad, P.O. Box 90277-11, Gang Shan, Kaohsiung County 820, Taiwan, R.O.C., Email: lin2737@seed.net.tw) : Film cooling performance and heat transfer over an inclined film-cooled surface with slot injection. J Energy Heat Mass Transfer 2005, 27(3), 171-89.

Experiments were performed to study the adiabatic-wall film cooling effectivenss and heat transfer over a film-heated surface that is inclined at various angles to a uniform flow. The vertical temperature distribution was measured to infer the flow structure and the rate of mixing of the film jet with freestream. The angle of divergence or convergence of the film-heated surface ranges from 0° to 20°, and the blowing ratio from 0.5 to 2.0. The inclination angle of the film-heated surface substantially influences the mixing of the film jet with the freestream. Divergence of the film-heated surface can make the flow unstable and separate, while convergence both stabilizes and and impinges on the film jet. This has a very complicated effect on both the film cooling prformance and the heat transfer under the film. The flow and heat transfer are discussed in detail. Correlations between both the film cooling effectiveness and the heat trasnfer under the film are provided.

14 illus, 22 ref

018027   Lalit Kumar;Parveen Kumar;Chauhan R K (CSE Dep, NIT, Hamirpur, Email: lalitdec@yahoo.com) : Logging based coordinated checkpointing in mobile distributed computing systems. IETE J Res 2005, 51(6), 485-90.

Checkpointing is an efficient way of implementing fault tolerance in distributed systems. Mobile computing raises many new issues, such as high mobility, lack of stable storage on mobile hosts (MHz), low bandwidth of wireless channels, limited battery life and disconnections that make the traditional checkpointing protocols unsuitable to checkpoint such systems. Checkpointing can be independent, synchronous, quasi-synchronous, or message logging based. In synchronous checkpointing, all or interacting processes need to checkpoint synchronously, extra synchronization messages are sent, some information may be piggybacked onto computation messages, blocking of processes may take place, and in case of fault, all processes are forced to rollback. It becomes difficult for multiple MHs to checkpoint synchronouysly due to disconnections and unreliable wireless channels. MHs are prone to frequent failures, which will require frequent rollback of all processes. In this paper, A hybrid non-intrusive checkpointing protocol, where fixed hosts checkpoint synchronously and MHs checkpoint independently has been proposed. The proposed scheme gives MHs autonomy in taking checkpoints and reduces the information to be piggybacked onto computation messages. An MH can recover independently by using its recent checkpoint and message log without forcing other nodes to rollback.

3 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

018026   Kokare M;Biswas P K;Chatterji B N (Electron and Electl Commun Engng Dep, Indian Inst of Technol, Kharagpur-721 302) : Cosine-modulated wavelet packet based texture features for content based image retrieval. IETE J Res 2005, 51(6), 477-83.

Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) is an active research area with application to digital libraries and multimedia databases. The focus of the paper is on the image processing aspects and in particular texture features for CBIR. Cosine modulated wavelet packet based texture features for VBIR has been proposed. The major advantages of Cosine modulated wavelet transform are less implementation complexity and good filter quality. Texture features are obtained by computing the energy, standard deviation and their combination on each subband of the decomposed image. To check the retrieval performance, texture database of 1856 textures is created from Brodatz album. Results are compared with standard Daubechies wavelet packet, M-band wavelet packet and Gabor wavelet. Result indicates that proposed method is superior to other methods in terms of retrieval accuracy and retrieval time.

5 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

018025   Khoei A;Hadidi K;Nasri B (Electl Engng Dep, Urmia Univ, Urmia 57159, Iran, Email: a.khoei@mail.urmia.ac.ir) : Design and simulation of a digital fuzzy logic controller IC based on active-rule-architecture. IETE J Res 2005, 51(6), 447-57.

The paper presents design of a digital fuzzy logic controller IC based on active-rule-driven architecture. Different ideas have been used in inference and defuzzification stages to obtain high processing speed. This produces a parallel processing mechanism from fuzzification to defuzzification. The controller was designed by 0.35 <109m CMOS technology and the layout design was obtained by MAGIC software which has 892274 <109m² size. The circuits were simulated using HSPICE software. The resulting speed for processing was 50 MHz (25 MFLIPS).

17 illus, 5 tables, 36 ref

018024   Jose K K;Isaac J (Statist Dep, St Thomas Coll, Pala-686 574) : Interpretation of certain calibration methods and their use in biological and industrial research. Sci Soc 2005, 3(2), 45-9.

Inverse and Bayesian approaches to calibration problem has been reviewed. Authors have considered only univariate calibration. Two interesting applications are given. The examples reveal the wide variety of applications in this area.

11 ref

018023   Jain K;Hussain S (Civ Engng Dep, Indian Inst of Technol, Roorkee, Roorkee-247 667, Email: kjainfce@iitr.ernet.in) : Railway tour information system using GIS. Indian Surveyor 2005, 59(2), 27-31.

Before actually travelling from one place to another, one is interested in knowing the shortest route, minimum travelling time or cost effective route, for the comfort of his journey. Railways publish Time Table giving details of trains operating between different stations, train-timings etc., but these Railway Time Tables are not user friendly and the person has to refer number of tables depending on the starting station and destination station. In this scenario a user interactive Railway Tour Information System (RTIS) using GIS is prepared to assist an ordinary person to find out shortest route and distance between the stations. RTIS manages a huge volume of data given in different tables contains station name, train no., distance etc. and the railway map through GIS (Geographical Information System) packages. The package is customized using the inbuilt modular languages Visual Basic. It has been customized to display train route on the map interactively.

5 illus

018022   Ilamathi B;Balamurugan K;Selladurai V (NO, Bannari Amman Inst of Tehnology, Sathyamangalam-638 401, Email: ilamathibala@yahoo.com) : Optimization of multi-objective multipass turning operation using genetic algorithm. Mfg Technol Mgmt 2005, 1(Oct-Dec), 15-20.

An attempt has been made to solve the multi-objective optimization problem in multipass turning by using a Genetic Algorithm (GA). Optimization in turning means determination of the optimal set of machining parameters to satisfy the objectives within the operational constraints. These objectives may be minimum production cost per piece, minimum production time per piece, maximum profit rate or any weighted combination of all the three. The main machining parameters, which are to be considered as variables of the optimization are cutting speed, feed and depth of cut. The optimum set of these three input parameters is determined for a particular job-tool combination of high carbon steel, tungsten carbide during a multipass turning which minimizes both unit production time as well as unit production cost and maximizes the profit rate, after satisfying the constraints of power availability, tool life, dimensional tolerance and rigidity. A Pareto optimal front of optimal solution is obtained using a Genetic Algorithm.

1 table, 4 ref

018021   Hasan M;Arslan T;Thompson J S (Electron Engng Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-202 002, Email: m_hasan786@rediffmail.com) : Low power architecture for a MC-CDMA receiver. IETE J Res 2005, 51(6), 459-67.

Multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) has a lot of potential in future generations of mobile communications and hence power consumption is important. A pipelined low power architecture for a 64 sub-carrier MC-CDMA receiver has been proposed. The receiver comprises of two blocks namely the FFT for demodulation of the OFDM signals and a Combiner for de-spreading and equalization. The 64-point FFT block is based on a low power pipelined radix-4 architecture in which order based processing is applied to its second stage to further bring down its power consumption. The power saving also occurs in the Combiner by disabling the unused blocks through clock gating and also by using a summer and a complementor rather than an adder/subtractor module.

11 illus, 6 tables, 10 ref

018020   Gupta B V;Jayachandran S S;Thirumal Kumaran V;Ezhil Raj P (Production Engng Dep, St. Peter's Engng Coll, Chennai) : Reduction of time for generation of tool path and machining die mold using EdgeCAM v 9.0. Mfg Technol Mgmt 2005, 1(Oct-Dec), 21-5.

The cycle time for the manufacture of a die mold was reduced by means of optimizing the tool path by segregating the features. The features of the die mold are analyzed and they are segregated according to the features present in the component and using the CAM programming modules to machine the features in an innovative manner. Each CAM module have the advancement of machining a type of feature, this concept was used to generate the tool path which thus reducesthe time rquired for the machining operation, which reduces the overall time required for the manufacturing. The tool used for the reduction technique, in terms of CAM software was EdgeCAM v 9.0.

10 illus

018019   Gulati N (NO, INSTECH India, New Delhi) : Treatment of distillery wastewater with resource to zero liquid effluent discharge. J Indian Ass Envir Mgmt 2005, 32(1), 28-31.

3 illus, 7 tables

018018   Govil G P;Gaur R R;Anand S (NO, Galgotias Coll of Engng and Technol, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, Email: gpgovil@hotmail.com) : Development of Biofuel Engines for Rurual Applications. J rur Technol 2005, 2(2), 71-8.

There is an acute shortage of power for decentralized communities of the rural sector in India even after installing power generation capacity of about 110,000 MW. In order to meet rural energy needs, the decentralized power generation is an alternative measure and can be produced through renewable energysources. There is tremendous potential of utilizing biomass in India, but direct use of biomass leads into inefficiency. Therefore in order to effectively utilize biomass, it is converted into biofuels such as biodiesels, ethanol, biogas and producer gas etc. for various mechanical and electrical power applications in rural areas. For effective utilization of these biomass based fuels, it is essential to evolve simple, reliable and low cost conversion kits to readily convert existing diesel engines into bio fuel engines. These engines can be prepared through appropriate modification of existing diesel engines presently used for variety of rural applications. This paper deals with utilizing 100 biodiesel in place of diesel, development of lowcost conversion kits to convert diesel engines into dual fuel engine using biodiesel as pilot fuel as well as conversion of diesel engine into spark ignition engine using biogas.

7 illus, 4 tables, 8 ref

018017   Govardhan R N;Ramesh O N (Dep of Mech Engng, Indian Inst of Sci, Bangalore-560 012) : Stroll down Karman Street. Resonance 2005, 10(80), 25-37.

The Karman vortex street is an exquisite flow pattern that can be seen in a variety of flow situations. Presents some of the main features of the phenomenon starting from its interesting history, and also show why it is important in a number of engineering situations.

5 illus, 2 ref

018016   Gopalakrishnan V;Thandapani D;Syed A A (Mech Engng Dep, C. Abdul Hakeem Coll of Engng and Technol, Melvisharam, Vellore-632 509, Email: vgkrishnaniyer@yahoo.com) : Optimization of aerofoil bladed radial fan's suction box using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite element analysis (FEA).. Mfg Technol Mgmt 2005, 1(Oct-Dec), 5-9.

19 illus, 4 ref

018015   Ghoshal S (Authorised Representative, FastCAM Pty Ltd, Australia) : Computerised programming for CNC profile cutting. Indian Weld J 2005, 38(3), 35-8.

3 illus

018014   Gharagheizi F;Hayati R;Fatemi S (Dep of Chem Engng, Univ of Tehran, P.O.Box 11365-4563, Iran, Email: fghara@engmail.ut.ac.ir) : A comparative study on the performance of mechanical cooling tower with two types of film packing. J Energy Heat Mass Transfer 2005, 27(4), 257-64.

The performance of induced counter-flow mechanical cooling tower is studied experimentally by using two new types of film packing. These packings are corrugated and made from PVC reinforced by fibre glass. Two different arrangements of packing are used in this tower, vertically and horizontally. The towercharacteristic ratio is determined by correlation of experimental results in a wide range of L/G ratio from 0.2 to 4. It is concluded that the performance of the cooling tower is affected by the type of arrangement of the packing. In this work, tower with vertical corrugated acking (VCP) has shown higher efficiency than the horizontal corrugated packing (HCP).

5 illus, 3 tables, 11 ref

018013   Gandikota P;Subrahmanyam K;Venkataraman V; Renganathan S (NO, CEERI Cent, CSIR Complex, Taramani, Chennai, T.N.) : Online measurement of coat paper quality parameters using infrared sensors. J Instrum Soc India 2006, 36(1), 57-65.

Measurement of process quality parameters is very important for control and optimization in any process industry. Many important process parameters like moisture, temperature etc. are measured through IR based sensing. in a pape coating process, pigment coat is applied to the stock paper and dried to get superior surfaced enhanced grade paper for better printability. Coat weight and coat moisture are the two important quality parameters of this process required to be measured for their control and to meet the specifications of the coat paper being manufactured. Two non-contact IR based sensors that work on absorption principle had been tried to measure these process parametes, in real time and online during the coat paper manufacture. These sensors were attached to two independent scanner frames so that sensors would move across the width of the paper to monitor these parameters. The rames are located at the strategic locations of the process manufacture to get direct dry coat weight and coat moisture values irrespective of the basis weight of the base paper. The scanner frames and sensors are connected to a developed electronic system to control the scanning operations and data acquisition. The sensors are calibrated so that they work for the entire production range (18 to 23 gsm coat weights) of the mill. The values obtained from these sensors were compared with lab values. The system had been successfully installed and commissioned in a full-fledged paper-coating mill in western India. Gives the peformance details of the sensors.

8 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref