013282   Jaiswal A K (NO, Instruments Research & Development Establishment, Dehra Dun-248 008) : Passive night sight using image intensifier minimum resolvable contrast model. Def Sci J 2006, 56(5), 835-40.

Performance study of a passive night sight has been carried out using an image intensifier minimum resolvable contrast (IIMRC) model. It has been shown that for two identically designed passive sights, the one incorporating super gen tube performs better by factor of 1.3 against the other incorporating second gen tube. Effects of spectral characteristics of night-sky illumination as also spectral reflectance of scene elements have been investigated. It has been concluded that field performance of passive night sight may be correlated to dark-tunnel measurements of limiting resolution at illumination level corresponding to near-starlit condition for acceptance or otherwise of the sight.

6 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

013281   Iqbal M A;Gupta N K;Sekhon G S (NO, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110 016) : Behaviour of thin aluminium plates subjected to impact by Ogive-nosed projectiles. Def Sci J 2006, 56(5), 841-52.

Pneumatic gas gun has been used to fire ogive-nosed projectiles on aluminium plates (1 mm) at varying impact velocities above the ballistic limit. Impact and residual velocities have been measured. Deformation of the target plate was studied. Experimental results formed the basis of a subsequent finite element analysis of the problem using the ABAQUS 6.3 code. The Johnson-Cook plastic flow and fracture model available in the code were utilised. Explicit finite element analysis has been performed to model the perforation phenomenon. Numerical results were significantly improved by reducing the element size up to a certain level beyond which no significant variation in the results was observed. Adaptive meshing has been found to be useful in obtaining the accurate results and avoiding the problem of premature termination of the program due to excessive element distortion. Experimental and numerical results are compared and a good agreement between the two has been found.

8 illus, 4 tables, 18 ref

013280   Gupta A;Kshirsagar J T (NO, Corporate Research and Engineering Division Kirloskar Bothers Limited, Pune) : Numerical and experimental investigation of cavitation in a pump. Indian Pumps 2006, 38(4), 30-5.

Cavitation in pumps is a well-known phenomenon that occurs when local static pressure approaches vapor pressure for the working fluid. The flowing fluid under this condition changes its phase from liquid to gas and forms bubbles. These bubbles travel along with flowing fluid .and reach a zone with relatively high pressure. As the pressure builds up, the size of the bubble reduces and at some stage bubbles collapse, generating very high pressure locally that could damage the metallic blade surfaces. Extensive research activities are going on to investigate the cavitation phenomenon. At Kirloskar Bothers Ltd., a mixed-flow pump was investigated thoroughly for its cavitation per-formance. Results in the form of impact of cavitation on overall performance of the pump. The vapour bubble formation and its volume fraction growth with reduction in suction pressure are brought out using numerical approach.

7 illus, 5 ref, 2 graph

013279   Gopal Madabhushi S P;Chandrasekaran V S (Engineering Dep, Cambridge Univ, UK, Email: mspg1@eng.cam.ac.uk) : On modelling the behaviour of flexible sheet pile walls. Indian Geotech J 2006, 36(2), 160-80.

16 illus, 3 tables, 24 ref

013278   Ganeshwadi U A;Dodagoudar G R (Civil Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600 036) : Reliability analysis of piled raft foundation. Indian Geotech J 2006, 36(2), 69-85.

10 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

013277   Dikshit A K;Alam M J B (Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400 076, Email: diskshit@iitb.ac.in) : Rate-limiting step for sorption on 2,4-D and atarzine using waste tyre rubber granules. J Indian Ass Envir Mgmt 2006, 33(1), 42-8.

Film and pore diffusions are the major factors controlling rates of sorption from solution by porous adsorbents. For sorption of 2,4-D and atrazine on waste tyre rubber granules, sorption rate coefficient of second order kinetic equation was utilized indirectly to determine the rate-limiting step. The diffusion coefficient lies in the scale of 10⁸ cm²/sec, and pore diffusion coefficient is in the range of 10⁹-10¹⁰ cm²/sec. So, both film and pore diffusions are rate-limiting. Considering external mass transfer from fluid to particle, using the effect of initial concentration and using the effect of adsorbent size, no conclusion could be reached regarding rate controlling steps. However, interruption test helped confirm that external mass transfer (film diffusion) as well as intra-particle diffusion (pore diffusion) are playing significant role in sorption process for 2,4-D and atrazine removal from water on to rubber granules.

11 illus, 4 tables, 21 ref

013276   Dewaikar D M;Patil P A (Civil Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay-400 076) : Analysis of laterally loaded pile in cohesionless soil under static and cyclic loading. Indian Geotech J 2006, 36(2), 181-9.

7 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

013275   Deswal S;Chandna P (Civil Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra-136 119) : Physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of water in Brahm sarovar, Kurukshetra. J Indian Ass Envir Mgmt 2006, 33(1), 34-8.

Paysico-chemical and bacteriological analysis of water quality of a sacred water tank "Brahm Sarovar in Kurukshetra is presented in this paper. Water quality of this holy tank is impaired with mass bathing and offerings made in this Sarovar which causes organic and bacteriological pollution. The different parameters measured are temperature, pH, colour, turbidity, D.O., B.O.D., C.O.D., acidity, total alkalinity, sulphate, total hardness, total solids, suspended solids, dissolved solids, chloride, nitrate, total bacterial count, coliform and E. coli. From the observed data it is found that parameters like, colour, turbidity, acidity, DO, BOD, COD, total bacterial count, coliform and E. coli exceed the permissible values whereas other parameters are within the limits or below limit.

1 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

013274   Dasgupta S P;Kallam S (Civil Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302) : Vibration of an elastic halfspace under rectangular loading. Indian Geotech J 2006, 36(2), 86-114.

13 illus, 8 ref

013273   Chowdhury I;Dasgupta S P (Civil and Structural Engineering, Petrofac International Limited, Sharjah U.A.E) : Dynamic response of piles under vertical loads. Indian Geotech J 2006, 36(2), 115-43.

4 illus, 4 tables, 23 ref

013272   Chaudhary V;Gursharan Singh (NO, Snow & Avalanche Study Establishment, Chandigarh-160 036) : Structural measures for controlling avalanches in formation zone. Def Sci J 2006, 56(5), 791-9.

Jammu-Srinagar national highway (NH-1 A), a lifeline of the Kashmir valley, gains considerable importance as being the only link between the Kashmir valley and the rest of the country. A stretch of 15 km is marred by 15 major avalanche sites, out of that D-10 avalanche site takes a heavy toll of life and property, besides bringing the busiest highway to a standstill for days together, year after year. Therefore, this avalanche site was selected for installation of avalanche-control structures in formation zone and demonstration of technology thereof. A combination of wind-control structures, supporting structures, and controlled release of avalanches using explosive, has been adopted to mitigate avalanche hazard. As a result, the D-10 site can boast of having become a school for live demonstration of the avalanche-control methods on the mighty Pir Panjal range at more than 3200 m above the sea level. This paper deals with the methods used for control of avalanches in formation zone of D-10 avalanche site and brings out their effectiveness and site-specific applications.

7 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref

013271   Bhat S N;Prasad G N V;Suresh A;Baliga B N (Printed Circuits Facility, ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore-560 017) : Multi-layer boards (MLBs) using non-woven aramid reinforced substrate for space electronic packaging. J Spacecraft Technol 2006, 16(2), 5-11.

Experiment Is carried out to realize MLBs using Non-woven plastic reinforced substrate polyimide Thermount", as an alternative to FR-4 glass reinforced substrate, to achieve improved thermal characteristics and also weight reduction. It is found that the above manufactured PCBs have the ability, to withstand thermal variation with minimal dimensional changes. Such unique thermal stability enhances the reliability of the electronic packages.

6 illus, 6 ref

013270   Bhat K P M;Nibandhe R P;Roy K (NO, Electronics & Radar Development Establishment, Bangalore-560 093) : Hardware implementation of a 16-OAM modem using waveform switching technique. Def Sci J 2006, 56(5), 815-24.

New modem circuit technique is proposed for multilevel signal transmission to utilise the transmission bandwidth efficiently in bandwidth-constrained voice-band channels. Using this technique, a 16-level quadrature amplitude modulated (16-QAM ) signal is generated as a cascaded configuration of an 8-level phase-shift keying (8-PSK) and a 4-level amplitude-shift keying ( 4-ASK) using waveform mapping rules. The data detection procedure, which is based on the determination of each symbol one-by-one by inspection of their amplitude level and absolute phase information, is described.

11 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

013269   Acharya R S;Naik S D (NO, Modern College of Engineering, Pune-411 005) : Perturbation of initial stability of an FSAPDS projectile. Def Sci J 2006, 56(5), 753-68.

For a spinning projectile, the initial stability condition is σ2 = 1 + (4 K₃/K²₂) <62> 0. In the present studyy, this condition has been modified for the malalignments arising due to pressure gradient and damping moment for an FSAPDS projectile. The equations of motion are established for the first phase of motion. A mathematical model for the first phase of motion has been developed. The effect of perturbation on the trajectory and stability of motion are discussed. It is proved that if K₃" (a parameter appearing due to perturbation) ≤ (-K₂² σ²/4), the initial stability of motion will breakdown.

6 illus, 5 ref

013268   Abhyankar S L (NO, Indian Pump Manufacturers' Association, 105 Kabad Chamber 132, Dr AB Road, Wouli, Mumbai-400018) : Waste water pumping-Indian scenario. Indian Pumps 2006, 38(4), 28-9.

35 ref

013267   Deepak Kumar;Mishra R N (NO, , 948 AD Msl Regt (SP) Wksp, C/o 56 APO) : Angular stabilisation on an unstable platform. Def Sci J 2006, 56(5), 809-13.

Problem of angular stabilisation of direction-sensitive devices placed on a moving platform subjected to instability in pitch, roll, and yaw has been introduced. The mathematical model and the quantitative correction required for stabilising the same in bearing and elevation have been evolved.

11 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

011015   Sunil Jain;Mulay M P;Mehilal;Singh P P; Bhattacharya B (High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, , Pune-411 021) : Prediction of particle size of ammonium perchlorate during pulverisation. Def Sci J 2006, 56(3), 423-31.

Ammonium perchlorate has been pulverised by an impact mill (air classifier mill) to study the influence of different operating parameters, viz., effect of mill speed, classifier speed, feed rate, and damper opening (suction rate) on the particle size. Further based on the different grinding parameters, an empirical equation has been developed and used for the prediction of particle size. The experimental results indicate that the values are very close to the predicted ones. In addition, particle size distribution has also been studied by applying different model equations and it has been found that Rosin-Rammler model is the most suitable model for this operation.

^ssc6 illus, 4 tables, 9 ref

011014   Sonawane S H;Gore G M;Polke B G;Nazare A N; Asthana S N (High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, , Pune-411 021) : Transition metal carbohydrazide nitrates: Burn-rate modifiers for propellants. Def Sci J 2006, 56(3), 391-8.

Discusses the synthesis and characterisation of cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) carbohydrazide nitrates. In differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the complexes exhibited exothermic decomposition indicating their energetic nature. The commencement of decomposition was observed at 220 °C for Ni complex, and at 160 °C for Co complex whereas that of Cu complex occurred at 75 °C. In view of the better thermal stability, Ni and Co complexes were selected for further study. The activation energy of decomposition of Ni and Co complexes were found to be 47 kcal/mol and 60 kcal/mol respectively. Impact and friction sensitivity test results revealed relatively lower vulnerability of carbohydrazide cobalt nitrate. Its incorporation in an ammonium perchlorate (AP)-based composite propellant led to 9-19 per cent enhancement whereas that of carbohydrazide nickel nitrate resulted in 28-74 per cent enhancement in burning rates in the pressure range 1.9 MPa to 8.8 MPa. Exothermic decomposition of the coordination complexes on propellant surface and involvement of metal at molecular level formed on decomposition of the complexes in combustion environment of composite propellant may be attributed to the catalytic effect of this class of compounds on the lines of reported literature.

^ssc1 illus, 5 tables, 12 ref

011013   Sharma S D;Upasana (NO, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra) : Modelling of police recruitment and training with parallel and serial centers. Opsearch 2006, 43(1), 1-17.

On obtaining the steady state of serial and parallel channels with feedback directly through equations in terms of the traffic intensities, a method different from the traditional method of solving the difference - differential equations by setting the time derivatives to zero, deals with the modelling of a police recruitment and training model in a democratic and developing society. Applications of probability reasoning to a queuing system leads to the number of units waiting for training and posting through equations governing the system in terms of the traffic intensities and the mean number of units in the system ready for placement is obtained. The model is squeezed and generalized as per the requirements by curtailing and increasing respectively the number of parallel and serial recruitment and training centres.

4 ref

011012   Sharma G;Saxena R K;Karol S (Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110 016) : Design and development of cyclic hydrostatic stress-generating machine for articular cartilage chondrocytes. J Indian Inst Sci 2006, 86(3), 193-206.

Mechanical stimulation of articular cartilage at certain range of loading plays important role in the maintenance of tissue under normal physiological conditions, whereas abnormal forces might lead to its degeneration and pathological condition like osteoarthritis. With an objective to elucidate the role of mechanical stresses and their molecular/cellular correlations on cartilage metabolism, a custom-made machine for generating hydrostatic load (cyclic and static) on articular cartilage chondrocytes cultured in alginate matrix has been design and developed. The main machine frame consists of three functional units: sample holding unit (to keep the cell sample), loading unit (to generate the load) and control-cum-driving unit (to operate and control the load patterns). The working mechanism of cyclic hydrostatic stress-generating machine is based on cam/follower arrangement and controlled by a two-phase stepper motor. The machine has been developed and used for generating physiological cyclic as well as static pressure ranging from 1-3 MPa under wide frequencies (0.33-3 Hz) at chondrocytes laden alginate beads. Efficacy and accuracy of machine has been evaluated by studying load-related alterations in morphological properties of goat chondrocytes encapsulated in alginate beads.

9 illus, 35 ref

011011   Sharma D C;Chalisgaonkar R;Verma R (NO, Irrigation Research Institute, Roorkee-247 667) : Design of combined footings in windows environment. J Instn Engrs-Pt AR 2006, 87(Apr), 22-8.

After the advent of Windows Operating System (OS), the computers are being used in almost all human endeavours. Now-a-days, it is very easy to learn and use the computers to carry out the desired work because of interactive and user friendly environment. Illustrates an application of computer assisted design of combined footings in Windows environment. It is expected that the worksheet and the symbolic reinforcement diagram will be very useful to the field engineer for constructing and designing combined footings.

2 illus, 2 ref

011010   Seshagiri Rao A;Chidambaram M (Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai-600 036) : Decoupled Smith predictor for multivariable nonsquare systems with multiple time delays. J Indian Inst Sci 2006, 86(3), 235-56.

Classical multivariable Smith predictor has been extended to multivariable nonsquare systems with multiple time delays where the number of process inputs is higher than the process outputs. Pairing for input and output variables has been carried out using the block relative gain technique. Simplified decoupling method was applied to design the decouplers. The decoupled processes are modeled as first-order plus time-delay model or second-order plus time-delay model with positive/negative zero. The controllers are designed individually based on the identified models. For the delay-compensated system, decentralized multivariable proportional-integral controllers are designed by internal model control method for FOPTD models. To show the improvement, PI controllers for the uncompensated system are also designed by simplified internal model control method. For SOPTD models, a method similar to Chien et al. [Simple PID controller tuning method for processes with inverse response plus dead time or large overshoot response plus dead time, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 42, 4461-4477 (2003)] has been proposed for controller design in the delay compensator. The proposed method was applied to shell standard control problem (3 input and 2 output), hot oil fractionator (4 input and 2 output) and mixing tank (3 input and 2 output). Simulation studies has been carried out for both servo and regulatory problems. Robustness studies has been carried out for uncertainty in all the process model parameters. It is shown that the performance of the multivariable delay-compensated system with decentralized PI controllers is significantly better than that of the multivariable control system without any delay compensator.

15 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

011009   Sanghavi R R;Kamale P J;Shaikh M A R; Chakraborthy T K;Asthana S N;Amarjit Singh (High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, , Pune-411 021, Email: sangavirr@yahoo.co.uk) : Glycidyl azide polymer-based enhanced energy LOVA gun propellant. Def Sci J 2006, 56(3), 407-16.

Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine propellants with triacetin (TA)-plasticised cellulose acetate (CA) and nitrocellulose (NC) combination as binders were evaluated for low vulnerable ammunition (LOVA). Triacetin was replaced by energetic plasticiser; glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) in increments to enhance the performance in terms of force constant. In addition to ballistics, parameters like vulnerability, mechanical and thermal properties of GAP-based propellants in comparison to those of TA-based propellants, were also determined. The study brings out that the incorporation of 2-6 per cent GAP in place of TA resulted in the enhancement of force constant by 22-70 J/g and improved overall combustion characteristics. DSC revealed that thermal decomposition of GAP-LOVA propellants evolved more energy than TA-LOVA propellants. GAP-based LOVA propellant similar to TA-plasticised LOVA propellant, was found superior to NQ propellant in vulnerability tests as well as in hot fragment conductive ignition (HFCI) studies. As regards mechanical properties, incorporation of GAP resulted in improved compression strength.

^ssc4 illus, 6 tables, 15 ref

011008   Roy I (NO, Central Mine Planning and Design Institute (CMPDI), Ranchi-834 001) : Effect of opencast mine floor inclination on stability of back-filled dump under varying hydro-geological conditions. J Instn Engrs-Pt MN 2006, 87(Aug), 23-9.

Dump/mine floor inclination is an area in which there is no control of mine planners and operators though inclination of dump floor dictates the stability of back-filled dump to a larger extent. Due to continuous formation of back-filled dump and tremendous pressure of coal production on the mine operators, levelling of dump floor is not possible unlike civil engineering embankment. The methodology of stability calculations with emphasis on the influence of mine floor inclination in the stability of back-filled dump has been discussed. The effect of varying height of groundwater table above the dump floor is also discussed. The presentation of the article is in two parts. In the first part, the methodology of stability analysis is discussed in brief. The second part deals with a specific case study of mine, namely, Dhanpuri Opencast Coal Mine, India which is having abrupt variation in mine floor inclination along with variation of height of groundwater table within the mine property.

4 illus, 5 tables, 7 ref

011007   Rizvi M M;Nasser M (Research Center for Mathematical and Physical Sciences (RCMPS), University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh, Email: rizvi@spnetctg.com) : New second-order optimality conditions in multiobjective optimization problems: differentiable case. J Indian Inst Sci 2006, 86(3), 279-86.

To get positive Lagrange multipliers associated with each of the objective function, Maeda [Constraint qualification in multiobjective optimization problems: Differentiable case, J. Optimization Theory Appl., 80, 483-500 (1994)], gave some special sets and derived some generalized regularity conditions for first-order Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT)-type necessary conditions of multiobjective optimization problems. Basing on Maeda's set, Bigi and Castellani [Second order optimality conditions for differentiable multiobjective problems, RAIRO, Op. Res., 34, 411-426 (2000)], tried to get the same result for second-order optimality conditions but their treatment was not convincing. These regularity conditions for second-order optimality conditions under different sets and obtained positive Lagrange multipliers for the objective function has been generalized.

6 ref

011006   Reddy T S;Jayakumar K K;Nair J K;Satpute R S; Mukundan T (High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, , Pune-411 021) : Synthesis and characterisation of Bis-(chloromethyl) oxetane, its homopolymer and copolymer with tetrahydrofuran. Def Sci J 2006, 56(3), 399-406.

Bis-(chloromethyl) oxetane (BCMO) was synthesised from pentaerythritol by chlorination, followed by ring closure. It was polymerised using BF₃-etherate and butanediol system, similarly the BCMO-THF (tetrahydrofuran) copolymer was also synthesised. The monomers and the polymers were characterised by IR, ¹H-NMR and molecular weight. Flame retardant properties of the poly-BCMO were also investigated.

5 i, 2 t, 9 r, 2 s,

011005   Rani Krishnan K R;Anandavally Ammal R; Hariharanath B;Rajendran A G;Kartha C B (Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, , Thiruvananthapuram-695 022) : Addition of RDX/HMX on the ignition behaviour of boron-potassium nitrate pyrotechnic charge. Def Sci J 2006, 56(3), 329-38.

Boron-potassiurn nitrate (B-KNO₃) (25/75) is a well-known pyrotechnic composition which finds application as energy-release system for small-calibre rockets and pyrogen igniters for larger motors. The decomposition of the oxidiser in this composition is endothermic which can be activated by the addition of high explosives, which decompose exothermically. Describes the influence of two nitramine explosives, RDX and HMX, on the ignition characteristics of B-KNO₃ composition using thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, heat and pressure output measurements. Different compositions were prepared by varying the amount of RDX/HMX from 10 per cent to 50 per cent. Thermal studies on the B-KNO₃/high explosive mixtures reveal that these undergo two-stage decomposition. The first stage corresponds to the decomposition of high explosive and the second stage corresponds to that of the reaction between B and KNO₃. Kinetic parameters were calculated for both the stages of TG curves using Coats-Redfern and Mac Callum-Tanner methods. Ignition temperature of B-KNO₃ decreases on the addition of RDX/HMX while the onset of RDX or HMX decomposition is not significantly affected by B-KNO₃. The pressure output of B-KNO₃ increases on adding RDX/HMX. The heat output of B-KNO₃ is not much affected by the addition of RDX or HMX, even though the heat of explosion of RDX and HMX are low. This is due to the reaction between the combustion products of RDX/HMX and reaction products of B-KNO₃ to form more exothermic products like B₂O₃, releasing extra heat. The flame temperature of the charge increases while the average molecular weight of the products of combustion decreases as the RDX/HMX content increases. Thus, the charge, on addition of RDX or HMX, produces higher pressure output, maintaining the heat output at comparable levels.

12 tables, 7 ref

011004   Prasanth P S;Kakkassery J K (Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Kozhikode-673 601) : Direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC): A numerical method for transition-regime flows. J Indian Inst Sci 2006, 86(3), 169-92.

In fluid flow situations, the Navier-Stokes equations cannot adequately describe the transition and the free molecular regimes. In these regimes, the Boltzmann equation of kinetic theory has been invoked to govern the flows. But this equation cannot be solved easily, neither by analytical techniques nor by numerical methods. Hence, in order to manoeuvre around this equation, Bird introduced a particle simulation technique called the 'Direct Simulation Monte Carlo' (DSMC) method. It is regarded as a numerical method for solving the Boltzmann equation. It has, over the years, become a very popular methodology for the simulation of fluids, where molecular effects are important. A brief description of the Boltzmann equation and its solution techniques has been provided. Then the general DSMC procedure has been explained. A brief summary of the advances, which have occurred on and due to DSMC, has been given. A few limitations and constraints of the method has been also briefly mentioned.

^iia1 illus, 66 ref

011003   Pope R (Centre for European Integration Studies (ZEIb), University of Bonn, Germany, Email: Robin.Pope@uni-bonn.de) : The illusion of risk effects in stochastic industrial modelling. Int J Mgmt Syst 2006, 22(1), 1-12.

Term risk effects those cause-effect chains initiated by a project distinctive to the project being a risky act. The paper shows that current stochastic industrial modelling excludes such cause-effect chains. It computes a probability weighted sum of a subset of the project's cause-effect chains, the subset that would also ensue if each possible outcome were certain. The fact that such cause-effect chains are probability weighted gives the illusion that he has included risk effects. The problem is illustrated with an analysis of alternative university expansion projects. The solution to the problem has been also presented.

5 tables, 22 ref

011002   Paul P K;Das S (Mining and Geology Dep, Bengal Engineering and Scinece University, Shibpur, Howrah-711 103) : Development of a GIS-based environmental MIS for coal mining areas of West Bengal. J Instn Engrs-Pt MN 2006, 87(Aug), 30-4.

GIS-based environmental MIS developed for coal mining areas of West Bengal. The various capabilities of the package developed have been discussed. The numerous codes created in Visual Basic and scripts created in ILWIS have not been included.

5 illus, 3 ref

011001   Palaiah R S;Joshi P H;Deo S S;Jawale D K; Valiv M H;Somayajulu M R (High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, , Pune-411 021) : Luminous efficient compositions based on epoxy resin. Def Sci J 2006, 56(3), 339-43.

Magnesium/sodium nitrate illuminating compositions with epoxy resin - E 605 have been studied for luminosity and luminous efficiency by varying fuel oxidizer ratio and binder content. The compositions have been evaluated for impact and friction sensitivities, burn rate, thermal characteristics, and mechanical properties. Flame temperature and combustion products are evaluated theoretically by using REAL program. Experimental results show that, luminosity, burn rate, and calorimetric value are higher for polyester resin-based compositions. The high luminous efficiency composition is achieved with magnesium/sodium nitrate ratio of 70/30 with 4 per cent epoxy resin.

5 tables, 5 ref

011000   Pal S (Department of Electronics Computer Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee-247 667, Email: pal_srikanta@yahoo.co.uk) : Novel designs of high temperature superconducting bandpass filters for future digital communication services. J Indian Inst Sci 2006, 86(3), 257-64.

Design and experimental results of a 5-, 10- and 23-pole lumped-element HTS bandpass filters for the applications in digital terrestrial television and other digital communication services has been reported. These filters are designed around 800 MHz centre frequency, 7.6 MHz bandwidth using end-coupled lumped element resonators on yttrium-barium-copper-oxide (YBCO) or thallium-barium-calcium-copper-oxide (TBCCO) thin films in a 2 inches lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO₃) substrate. A new layout profile of a complex 23-pole filter for 70 dB out-of-band rejection 0.4 MHz away from the passband edges has been designed, fabricated and tested in an integrated RF-cryocooler measurement system. The design of 23-pole filter was very compact and a significant amount of computer time was elapsed to electromagnetically simulate the structure-which was finally done by parts. These lumped element filters were tuned in liquid nitrogen using small pieces of lanthanum aluminate substrates and PTFE rods. The measured frequency responses of 5- and 10-pole filter are quite encouraging. A very useful conclusion is drawn that a compact lumped element design in twinned substrates like lanthanum aluminate is highly susceptible to the local variations in the film parameters has been investigated and this effect becomes more and more severe as increase the order of the lumped element filters.

6 illus, 17 ref

010999   Om Prakash;Jha M K (Civil Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai-600 036) : Simulation modelling of mole drainage systems using drain solver. Indian J Soil Conserv 2006, 34(2), 88-91.

Mole drainage is a cost-effective and efficient drainage technique for clayey soils. Simulation modelling of drain discharge and water table height plays an important role in the operation and maintenance of mole drainage systems. The main objective of this study was to highlight the simulation modelling of mole drainage systems and to present a methodology for simulating drain discharge and water table height for the system with the help of a drainage software package called 'Drain Solver'. The developed computer module considers both the homogeneous and heterogeneous soil layers, including uniform or non-uniform drainable porosity. It was tested using one set of published data. The simulation results obtained by the developed software were found to be almost the same as the corresponding published results. Finally, the need for the accurate measurement of model parameters and input data is emphasized for obtaining useful simulation results.

4 illus, 16 ref

010998   Menezes V;Nakagawa A;Takayama K (ISWRC, TUBERO, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan) : Laser-based pulsed liquid microjet for surgery. J Indian Inst Sci 2006, 86(3), 207-14.

Water microjet device that can be used for precise dissection of soft tissue in surgical procedures has been developed. The water jet is generated by irradiating a pulsed Ho : YAG laser, through an optical fiber, into a thin tube/catheter filled with water or a physiological saline solution. Pulsed laser irradiation within the tube evaporates the water generating a vapor bubble, whose rapid expansion drives a microjet of water out of the tube through a micronozzle of 100 <126> 200 μm exit diameter. This laser-induced microjet can readily penetrate a soft tissue in human body. The jet is applicable to neuroendoscopic surgery, treatment of cerebral thrombosis, intravascular drug delivery, etc. The thermal effects and the controllability of the jet first investigated on a 10% gelatin layer that simulates a soft tissue, and then the jet was used to dissect the ventricular wall of a cadaver rabbit. The experimental results indicated a well-controlled incision, preserving capillary blood vessels thicker than 0.2 mm in diameter, and the collateral damage to the tissue was negligible.

8 illus, 7 ref

010997   Maiti J;Mandal P K;Singh R;Kunar B M (Industrial Engineering and Management Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302) : Impact of stress redistribution on stability of workings during depillaring. J Instn Engrs-Pt MN 2006, 87(Aug), 10-22.

Extraction of underground coal during depillaring operations in India poses several ground control problems. Understanding the behaviour of pillars and overlying roofs and sides in underground coal mines is important for design of efficient bord and pillar extraction systgem. Hence, knowledge of development of stresses, their magnitudes and redistributions with face advancement become critical. The analyses have been undertaken for a mine to predict stress development and redistribution in and around pillars and galleries during depillaring, which eventually assessed the ground stability to provide design guidelines for making ground control decisions in advance. Simulation of virgin state, developed panel and depillaring operations with one, two and three-pillars extraction have been carried out. The simulation results reveal that the maximum principal stresses is developed on the immediate rib pillar and there is 66% increase in the maximum stress level after three-pillar extraction when compared to after one-pillar extraction. Similarly, there is 58% increase in the maximum stress levels developed on the slice galleries and immediate pillars after three-pillar extraction when compared to after one-pillars extraction. The safety factor values of the rib pillars, slice galleries, and immediate pillares are decreased after three-pillar extraction. ciously reduced for minimizing stress concentration

10 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

010996   Maggi F;Deluca L T;Bandera A;Subith V S; Annovazzi A (Space Propulsion Laboratory, Politecnico di Milano 34, Via La Masa, 20158 Milano, Mi, Italy) : Burn-rate measurement on small-scale rocket motors. Def Sci J 2006, 56(3), 353-67.

Small-scale rocket motors are widely used by propulsion industries to carry out burn rate measurement for a variety of needs. Several automated data-reduction procedures have been implemented to derive burn rate from pressure-time profiles resulting from experimentation. Even if these are easy and fast to use, these procedures are not completely reliable in that these measure only the average behaviour of a motor. A new model has recently been proposed to overcome this problem. However, it was soon noticed that the results depend on the propellant grain production and forming processes even if the motor hardware is the same. A series of propellant grains has been produced to be sampled to map the local ballistic behaviour and changes introduced by the manufacturing process. In the study, sampling and testing procedures are reported and the results of an almost complete grain mapping are discussed.

15 illus, 5 tables, 15 ref

010995   Lakshmipati Raju A;Srinivasa Rao A;Kishore P N V N;Chetan Anand K;Satyanarayanamma T;Lalitha Kumari N D;Srilakshmi S;Syamaladevi M;Karimunnisa Begum S K (Geophysics Dep, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003) : Density and grade of manganese ores of Vizianagaram district, Andhra Pradesh in the context of gravity prospecting. Indian Min Engng J 2006, 45(2-4), 25-9.

Density of manganese ores of different textures, of the Vizianagaram district, Andhra Pradesh, was studied in relation to the manganese content to assess the relative importance of different ore types in exploration by the gravity method. The densities of high-grade compact and powdery ores are in the ranges 3.2-4.6 g/cc and 2.0-2.3 g/cc. The manganese content of compact and powdery ores is similar, making them equally important in exploration. The density of powdery ore is in the same range as the products of weathering that are juxtaposed with the manganese horizon. So, the gravity effect of powdery ores may not be distinct from members of the weathered zone. It seems that massive ore can be delineated by the gravity method of prospecting because of its high density and the local gravity highs it causes. Examples of gravity profiles across manganese deposits at Avagudem and Garbham were interpreted by modelling. The local gravity highs are correlated with the manganese horizons. The broad lows are shown to be due to members of the oxidising/weathered zone.

4 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

010994   Khare K;Khare N (El. & Comm. Engg Department, MANIT, Bhopal) : Design and evaluation of Huffman encoder for speech and image data compression on FPGA. Int J Mgmt Syst 2006, 22(1), 45-52.

In the real time communication applications transmitted data amount has grown tremendously, over wireless networks. This has triggered special needs for compression. The data compression needed should be loss less as any type of data is expected. There are bunch of multi-media data compression algorithms such as MP3, AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) for sound and voice compression, and JPEG (STILL), MPEG (MOTION). For digital image compression in which the Huffman encoder is also used in order to further decrease the amount of the data. Since the sound, voice, image compressions are frequently used in real time applications such encoders have to be used. A straightforward and fair comparison of Huffman encoder is extremely difficult due to different implementation approaches, e.g., different codeword tables, IC technologies, design styles, and compression ratios. On the other hand, reconfigurable platforms provide fast design iteration times to change the design variables the problems can be solved by algorithms and by Al as it went the way for hard computation bound problems with high speed. In the paper the behavioural non-optimized VHDL model of the encoder has been mapped onto the FPGA. The circuit has been synthesized on Xilinx ISE 5. li software and simulated on Modelsim 5.4a seee. It is divided into 4 sections; first section gives the objective behind our design the second section describes briefly Huffman encoder. Third section deals with analysis of the design in terms of the area, speed and power requirements and other features. The last section is the conclusion.

5 illus, 6 tables, 9 ref

010993   Kar G;Martha M (NO, Water Technology Centre for Eastern Region, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar-751 023) : Development of software for computing reference crop evapotranspiration for water management. Indian J Soil Conserv 2006, 34(2), 161-3.

2 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

010992   Jaiswal A;Shrivastva B K (Mining Engineering Dep, Institute of Technology, Varanasi-221 005) : Determination of induced stress over depillaring panel by three-dimensional numerical modelling. J Instn Engrs-Pt MN 2006, 87(Aug), 7-9.

Simulation of the working of an underground coal mine adopting bord and pillar system of mining has been presented. The caving method has been used for the extraction of pillars in the depillaring stage. The panel has thirty six pillars of 30 n x 30 m dimension (centre-to-centre) in four rows. Predicted the induced stresses with the advancing line of the goaf edge. Three dimension numerical modelling based on finite element method (FEM) has been used for the imulation of these structures. The model has been imulated in six stages at a regular interval.

4 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

010991   Jain K;Ravibabu M V (Civil Engineering Dep, IIT, Roorkee, U A, Email: kjainfce@iitr.ernet.in) : Identification of landslidde zones using ASTER generated digital elevation model. Indian Surveyor 2006, 60(1), 58-61.

Large area in Uttaranchal State witness landslides throughout the year and mainly in rainy season. There are many hole places like Badarinath, Himkund and Thapovan where the yatra starts from May and ends in August. These landslides not only disrupt the yatras but also damage property and lives in the region. The changes in local topography are so fast in this region, that SOI maps cannot provide required information. Therefore there is an urgent need to evolve a method to generate DEM frequently reflecting the change in topography. DEM generated from stereo satellite images could be an alternative solution. Presently available satellite, which has stereo coverage, are IRS-PAN, ASTER, SPOT and IKONOS. ASTER data is used to generate DEM using ENVI 4.1 ASTER DTM. This DEM is used to map landslide area on the basis of probability of slope failure.

4 illus, 6 ref

010990   Himanshu Shekhar (High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, , Pune-411 021) : Prediction of maximum strain in finocyl port case-bonded solid propellants under pressure loading. Def Sci J 2006, 56(3), 417-22.

Finite element analysis of case-bonded solid propellants in finocyl port configuration has been carried out using finite element method. The parametric studies have also been conducted for loading conditions, material properties, and geometrical configurations. The results are presented in the form of a universal power law, which can be utilised for primary assessment of peak strain in any finocyl port propellant configuration without using finite element software. This eliminates dependence on finite element software for structural integrity analysis of solid propellants in finocyl port configuration under port pressurisation. The results obtained by finite element analysis and power law are in close agreement.

^ssc4 illus, 2 tables, 4 ref

010989   Hariharanath B;Chandrabhanu K S;Rajendran A G;Ravindran M;Kartha C B (Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, , Thiruvananthapuram-695 022) : Detonator using nickel hydrazine nitrate as primary explosive. Def Sci J 2006, 56(3), 383-9.

Nickel hydrazine nitrate is an energetic coordination compound having explosive properties in between that of primary and secondary. This compound was used to develop a new type of detonator by replacing the sensitive primary explosive, lead azide in conventional detonators and keeping RDX (cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine) as the output secondary explosive. The detonator consists of three regions, viz., initiation, deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT), and output. The initiation and the electrical rating of 1A/1W no-fire were achieved using a suitable squib. The DDT and the output were taken care of by pressing requisite quantities of Nickel hydrazine nitrate and RDX, respectively at required densities in a stainless steel stem channel. The detonator assembly involves crimping the squib and the stem channel in a stainless steel housing and applying a suitable resin at the crimpedend for leak tightness. The output was assessed from the dent depth on aluminium plate, volume expansion on lead block, and by achieving veloctiy of detonation of 8200 m/s in mild detonating cords, containing 0.95 g/m of RDX, which indicates full-order detonation. The detonators were tested at system level and found to perform satisfactorily.

^ssc1 illus, 2 tables,7 ref

010988   Gupta S K (NO, Chandigarh College of Architecture, Chandigarh) : Automation in vertical transportation for tall structures. J Instn Engrs-Pt AR 2006, 87(Apr), 1-5.

Presents an expert system written in TURBO prolog for the design of vertical transportation system in buildings. The expert system combines the conventional lift traffic analysis method with the knowledge-based technique to guide the users to obtain a solution for the building under the consideration. It has the capacity of answering to queries regarding the explanations for the necessity of data required and can provide suggestions leading to solution if requested by the users. Engineers and architects can use it in the planning of vertical transportation system for buildings. It can also be used for teaching and training purposes.

3 illus, 7 ref

010987   Gorai A K;Paul P K (Centre of Mining Environment, ISM, Dhanbad-826 004) : Selection of dump site in an opencast mine using GIS. Indian Min Engng J 2006, 45(2-4), 36-9.

Highlights the basic approach to select the suitable dump site in an opencast mine with the help of GIS. GIS has been used in this work as a tool to check the suitability of the areas on the basis of given conditions. Five parameters were taken into consideration to check the suitability. These are distance from working benches, slope, old working area, distances from road, railway, jore and mineral bearing areas.

7 illus, 7 ref

010986   Gopalan N P;Murugesan K;Murugesh V (Department of Computer Science & Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli-620 015) : An efficient numerical solution for the simulation of a cartesian robot arm. Int J Mgmt Syst 2006, 22(1), 87-101.

Efficient numerical solution for the control logic and system dynamics of a robot arm having three Cartesian axes plus two rotational axes of the wrist. Several numerical schemes are used and their results are compared for the integration of the nonlinear differential equations for the individual axes. Many system parameters are discussed for the simulated motion and are adjusted to fit experimental data on the actual arm motion. Among the methods examined, the results indicate RK-Butcher Algorithm is efficient and takes less CPU time compared to others and fits closely to experimental data.

5 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

010985   Ghosh J K;Sarma O;Goyal A (Geomatics Engineering Section (G-30), Civil Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee-247 667, Email: gikumfce@iitr.ernet.in) : GPS based control points for mapping. Indian Surveyor 2006, 60(1), 73-83.

For any engineering project, establishment of control points is very important for carrying out details surveying and subsequently mapping of the area. GPS has already been establisshed as an important tool for precise positioning of planimetric control points accurately, quickly and economically in a versatile way. However, the coordinates of the terrestrial stations obtained from GPS data are in a global system, the WGS 84 reference frame. But, for preparation of topographic maps, cartographers are in need of topocentric system grid coordinates. A simple method for finding out grid coordinates as well as elevastion of control points in a topocentric coordinate system using GPS data has been discussed. A case study implementing the method for finding out the position of control points has been discussed. Thus, it leads to the conclusion that for small scale surveying and mapping, local control points can be established for mapping from GPS observation simply by transforming the global WGS 84 coordinates to a grid coordinate system with B.M. as origin.

5 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref

010984   Gautam G K;Joshi A D;Joshi S A;Arya P R; Somayajulu M R (High Energy Materials Research Laboratory, , Pune-411 021) : Radiometric screening of red phosphorus smoke for its obscuration characteristics. Def Sci J 2006, 56(3), 377-81.

Red phosphorus and potassium nitrate-based compositions exhibit favorable smoke screen formation with high obscuration characteristics at low oxidiser content. The rapid vaporisation of excess red phosphorus at higher flame temperature leads to quick aerodispersion. The obscuration characteristics are due to formation of P₂O₅ and subsequent reaction with moisture/humidity in the atmosphere. Obscuration increases with increasing humidity. Extinction coefficient, the shadow cast per unit mass of the composition, is higher in visible and comparatively lower in far infrared.

1 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

010983   Gany A (NO, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel, Email: gany@tx.technion.ac.il) : Effect of fuel properties on the specific thrust of a ramjet engine. Def Sci J 2006, 56(3), 321-8.

Various aspects of specific thrust in ramjet propulsion have been considered. It is shown that while the peak specific impulse of ideal ramjet is theoretically obtained for fuel/air ratio f→0, the specific thrust which determines the thrust level of a given engine at certain operating conditions, increases with increasing fuel/air ratio up to (approximately) the stoichiometric ratio. Furthermore, in general, the specific thrust is related to the heat release per unit mass of air fq_R, where the theoretical maximum is approximately proportional to its square root in stoichiometric conditions, f_stq_R. It can be the basis for selecting an appropriate fuel according to its potential specific thrust. It should be noted that certain metals such as magnesium, aluminum, and zirconium can provide about three-times higher specific heat release than hydrocarbons or hydrogen. Thus, these may be the better candidates for missions requiring high specific thrusts.

10 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

010982   Devadas M D;Kameswari M (School of Architecture and Planning, Anna University, Chennai) : Developing the green system on residual development. J Instn Engrs-Pt AR 2006, 87(Apr), 29-34.

International and domestic concern is rising over the effect of greenhouse gas emissions on climate change. The energy consumed in building is responsible for a significant proportion of total greenhouse gas emissions. Improving energy efficiency in buildings is an important part of India's program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Regulating energy efficiency through building codes has been a successful strategy for many countries. The survey of current Building Energy Codes provides an insight into the different regulatory provisions applied to buildings in selected countries. The countries whose energy provisions were evaluated as part of the study were Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Singapore, the United Kingdom (UK); and the United States of America (USA) with particular reference to California and Hawaii. The current energy provisions of South Australia, Victoria and ACT are also analyzed. The building energy codes reviewed contains many similarities. They all contain prescriptive provisions and several have some form of performance requirement. For these with a performance base, the prescriptive provisions and several have some form of performance requirements. For these with a performance base, the prescriptive provisions, if followed, achieve compliance with the performance requirements. It should be emphasized that this is a survey of current practices.

4 illus, 2 ref