015737   Krishan K (NO, , ) : Corporate model for rural electrification. Energy Fuel Users J 2007, 58(2), 20-1.

015736   Khanna A S (Corrosion Sci and Engng, Indian Inst of Technol, Bombay) : Nanotechnology in high performance paint caotings. Asian J expl Sci 2008, 22(2), 25-32.

There is hardly any technology that has attracted an immense interest in a shortest spell of a few years. Whether it is materials development, chemistry, physics or engineering sciences, there are ample examples where nano-science or technology has created sign of positive developments. Chemical Industry has played a very important role in developing not only nano-materials but also make use of them in various applications. One field where nanotechnology has created a ripple is the paint coatings. Whether it is the improvement of chemical resistance, erosion and abrasion resistance, resistance to U.V. light, anti-fouling properties, nano-modified paints have shown great potential in several industrial application.

5 illus

015735   Kashyap V;Subrahmanyam K (NO, BITS, Pilani-Goa Campus, Goa-403 726, Email: kashyap.vandana@gmail.com) : Development and study of field programmable gate arrays and study of it tools. J Coop Univ Res Ind Enterpr 2008, 1(1), 65-74.

Communication gets digital, there is an increased use of image and video processing in embedded multimedia applications. The prime objective is to implement and develop image processing algorithms in Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) in real time. FPGAs offer an excellent platform for use in real-time video processing applications. There are several modes of operation that can be used to implement image processing algorithms; streamed, offline or a hybrid of the two. Discusses these and consider the suitability of the present types of languages for the implementation of image processing algorithms on FPGAs. Examples of Hardware Description Languages and Hardware compliers are discussed along with their strengths and weaknesses.

5 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

015734   Hazarika S;Barooah M J;Dutta P K;Rajkhowa P (Agricultural Engng Dep, Assam Agric Univ, Jorhat-785 013) : Improved cookstoves in Assam a performance study. Energy Fuel Users J 2007, 58(2), 24-7.

3 tables

015733   Gupta U P;Sharma N;Ojha C S P (CWC, , New Delhi) : Performance evaluation of aspect ratio of submerged vanes. Wat Energy int 2007, 64(2), 20-6.

Submerged vanes are submerged foils of low height (H) and higher length (L) structures, which are constructed in river at an angle of attack to the flow to modify the near-bed flow pattern and redistribute flow and sediment transport within the chaneel cross-section. The aspect ratio of submerged vane is defined as H/L. The aspect ratio of submerged vane is one of the most important parameters which influences the generation of strength of vane induced secondary circulation. At 2.5H downstream of vane, dimensionless moment of momentum MOM*, MOM**, MOM*** increase with the reduction in aspect ratios of submerged vane. The strength of vortex induced by vane among three values of aspect ratios such as 0.25, 0.33 and 0.50 is maximum at lowest aspect ratio 0.25. At lowest aspect fratio, the mximum value of vane-induced strength of vortex led to the increased deposition of sediments (dike). Generation of vortex starts right from the leading edge and it is amplified till it reaches the trailing edge of submerged vane due to increase in vane length.

5 illus 3 tables, 11 ref

015732   Gokulavasan G;Ponraj;Jayapandian J (NO, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pallani-333 031, Email: gokulavasan@gmail.com) : Microcontroller training modules using PSoC and LabVIEW. J Coop Univ Res Ind Enterpr 2008, 1(1), 50-4.

The industry of Embedded System Design and Development need people who possess sound understanding of concepts as well as development tool techniques. Discusses about the different hardware training modules developed using Mixed Signal Array Programmable System on Chip and Lab VIEW. This work was done as a part of the collaborative programme of BITS, Pilani at Ideal Sensors. Stepper motor control, DC motor control and Keypad Design modules were developed as a part of the programme. The modules are being put in place for training people who are new to field of embedded system design or to the development tools of PSoC viz. PSoC Designer. The virtual instrumentation package LabVIEW has been used widely to give Graphical User Interface to the training modules and also for the user to appreciate the advantages of the Virtual Instrumentation package.

2 illus, 6 ref

015731   Ganesan K;Rama Mohan Rao A (NO, , BITS, Pilani-333 031, Email: karthik1611@gmail.com) : Structural system identification using advanced swarm intelligence alorithm. J Coop Univ Res Ind Enterpr 2008, 1(1), 55-64.

Development of efficient system identification techniques is highly relevant for large civil infrastructure for effective health monitoring, damage detection and vibration control. The problem of system identification lies currently on the algorithms to interpret the measured data without significant knowledge of the system a priori. This is an inverse problem of difficult treatment. In this paper, a system identification technique based on swarm intelligence (an optimization algorithm inspired by natural evolution) is presented to overcome this difficulty. Using this method, a set of direct problems is solved instead of tackling the inverse problem. If the uniqueness of the parametric solution is guaranteed for the assumed model, this heuristic method allows finding a solution without incurring restrictions of other classical optimization methods, like the need for reliable initial estimates and convergence to local optima. Proper orthogonal modes are used instead of normal modes to formulate the problem of system identification. A twenty two storey framed structure and a slab bridge are considered as numerical examples. The effect of measurement noise on the proposed algorithm is also explored.

12 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

015730   Erdogan S;Baysal A;Akba O;Merdivan M;Hamamci C (Chemistry Dep, Sci and Arts Faculty, Dicle Univ, 21280 Diyarbakir, Turkey, Email: candanh@dicle.edu.tr) : Relationship between wintertime atmospheric particulate matter and mateorological conditions in Diyarbakir (Turkey). Asian J Chem 2007, 19(3), 1703-8.

This paper reported the changes in pollution concentration in Diyarbakir. Southeast region of Turkey in the winter half of the year from 1986 to 2004 and describes the relationships with meteorology. Particulate matter (PM)10 is used as the example pollutant. Decrease in air pollution since 1994 was observed due to air pollution control and management strategies. The winters of 1988-1989. 1989-1990. 1990-1991. 1991-1992 and 1992-1993 were especially harsh in the number of pollution episodes. Linear regression results show that relative humidity and temperature provide the relationship with PM10 concentration.

1 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

015729   Edison Chandraseelan R;Ravichandran N; Raajenthiren M (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Velammal Engineering College, Chennai, Email: edisonphd1@yahoo.com) : Knowledge based system for non-traditional machining process selection: a case study at lucas TVS. J Coop Univ Res Ind Enterpr 2008, 1(1), 27-40.

The growing increase in newer materials used for machining has resulted in the development of a number of new manufacturing processes, known today as non-traditional machining processes. As machining process selection is often difficult and time consuming, the need for a structured approach for appropriate selection of non-traditional machining processes is important. Presents a knowledge based system developed for identifying the most appropriate non-traditional machining process to suit specific circumstances based on the output parameter requirements such as material type, shape applications, process economy and some of the process capabilities namely surface finish, comer radii, width of cut, length to diameter ratio, tolerance etc. This approach has resulted in the selection of the best non-traditional machining process, among the competitive non-traditional machining processes, that takes into account all the existing restrictive factors. The selection procedure proposed in this study is based on the idea that certain characteristics of a part restrict the choice of certain non-traditional machining processes, for it to have a relatively small number of alternatives. A wide range of industrial parts has been evaluated in order to demonstrate the performance of the proposed procedure.

2 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

015728   Dhingra S (NO, , ) : Rural electrification. Energy Fuel Users J 2007, 58(2), 16-19.

3 table

015727   Datta C K;Gupta A K (Indo Gulf Fertilisers, , Jagdishpur-227 817) : Debottlenecking of procdess air comopressor of ammonia plant by suction chilling. Indian J Fertil 2007, 3(3), 23-4,36.

Highlights the innovative approach adopted by Indo Gulf Fertilisers in De-bottlenecking the process air compressor of ammonia plant in a very cost-effective manner by suction chilling. Indo Gulf had evaluated many other options which were found to be economically unviable. This concept so far has not been implemented in any process air compressor of ammonia plant worldwide and now this concept is widely being recommended by the technology suppliers for debottlenecking of process air compressor This is a unique project, which is under commissioning and will help Indo Gulf in reducing energy consumption in turbine of process air compressor. Further it will also help in capacity enhancement of the process air compressor by about 5%.

2 illus

015726   Chaurasia S;Shashikant (Civil Engng, Madan Mohan Malaviya Engng Coll, Gorakhpur-273 010) : Removal of basic dye from aqueous solution using natural adsorbents: kinetic studies. J envir Prot 2007, 27(9), 782-88.

Experiments were carried out in a batch process for the removal of colour methylene blue a basic dye from aqueous solution by adsorption using low cost adsorbent like as rice husk, saw dust, wood coal and boiler bottom ash with impregnation. The operating variables studies are initial concentration of dye, contact time, dose of adsorbent, temperature, RPM (Revolution per minute), pH, and particle size. The kinetics followed first order adsorption process with the intra-particle diffusion models.

13 illus, 7 ref

015725   Britto C M T;Karangle H S (NO, Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited, Priyadarshini, Sion, Mumbai-400 022) : Revamp of ammonia plant at RCF Trombay. Indian J Fertil 2007, 3(3), 33-5.

Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers (RCF) operates two ammonia plants at Trombay - one with original capacity of 900 mtpd (Trombay-V) and the other with a capacity of 350 mtpd (Trombay-I). The Trombay- V ammonia plant employed technology of late seventies based on associated gas as feedstock and fuel. Due to ageing and osolescence of technology energy consumption level was much higher than desirable. Ammonia production process is energy intensive. Against the backdrop of increasing energy costs generally energy saving measures quickly pay back the investment. Thus to bring down energy consumption and also to enhance production capacity RCF undertook a revamp scheme at a cost of Rs. 250 crore with the involvement of process licensor M/s Haldor Topsoe. The revamp scheme is expected to improve reliability besides reducing energy consumption by approximately 20%.

2 illus

015724   Bose S;Bhattacharyya A R;Kulkarni A R (Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400 076, Email: arupranjan@iitb.ac.in) : Influence of specific interactions and reactive coupling in assessing the state of dispersion of multiwall carbon nanotubes in co-continuous polymer blends. Asian J expl Sci 2008, 22(2), 193-4.

2 illus, 1 table

015723   Biswas D (Chem Technnol Dep, Univ of Calcutta, Calcutta) : New era of biofuels. Indian Sci Cruiser 2007, 21(1), 15-20.

Biofuel emerges as the dawn of a new hope. The market for biofuels is driven by the need for security of fuel supply and the recognition that greenhouse gas emissions are causing global warming. Biodiesel and Bioethanol have already been introduced as alternate transportation fuel while Bio-crude and Bio-methane are still in the research stage.

^iia1 illus, 10 ref

015722   Bayat O;Vapur H;Arslan V I (Mining Engineering Dep, Cukurova Univ, Balcali, 01330 Adana, Turkey, Email: obayat@cukurova.edu.tr) : Upgrading silica/glass sand concentrate applying cationic flotation. Asian J Chem 2007, 19(3), 1687-92.

In this study, upgrading of flotation silica/glass sand concentrate (clear flat glass quality), sized 0.600 ±0.106 mm, from Camis Mining Company (Mersin. Turkey) was investigated applying amine flotation. In the experimental work; Armac-C. Armac-T. Armoflote-64, Armoflote-586, Armoflote-565 and Armoflote-P were used as cationic collectors keeping other flotation conditions constant. Armoflote-565 gave the best results as an effective collector since the Fe₂0₃ content was reduced from 0.098-0.03 % with 70.4% iron removal efficiency after applying two cleaning stages of amine (Armoflote-565, 800 g/t) flotation onto the glass sand concentrate (clear flat glass quality) treated traditionally in the plant. The upgraded silica concentrate can be utilized as for manufacturing the household white glass (Fe₂O₃≤ 0.05>F128>%). The floated product (the tailings of the amine flotation) can be a raw material for production of some titanium concentrates due to its Tio2 content.

5 tables, 10 ref

015721   Basibuyuk M;Savci S;Keskinkan O;Cakmak M E (Environmental Engineering Dep, Faculty of Engineering and Architectur, Cukurova Univ, 01330, Balcali-Adana, Turkey, Email: basibuyuk@cu.edu.tr) : Investigation of a basic dye adsorption characteristics of a non-living submerged aquatic plant (Myriophyllum spicatum). Asian J Chem 2007, 19(3), 1693-1702.

Adsorption properties of Myriophyllum spiculum (Eurasian watermilfoil) for a basic dye (basic blue 41) were investigated as a biosorbent and the results were compared with other biosorbents. Data obtained from the initial batch adsorption studies have indicated that dried M. spicatum is capable of removing basic blue 4 I from the solution. The dye biosorption was fast and equilibrium was attained within 20 min. Data obtained from further batch studies applied to Langmuir and Freundlich Models. High correlation coefficient with Linearized Langmuir Model was observed, however, negative q_max value was observed indicating the inadequacy of Langmuir model. High correlation coefficient was also obtained with application of linearised form Freundlich model and it was found more suitable for the dye plant system. The kinetics of adsorption of basic blue were also analyzed and rate constants were derived for various dye concentrations. Initial part of the adsorption was found to be governed by film diffusion process. It was also found that the overall adsorption process was best described by the pseudo second order kinetics. Gibbs free energy value was found to be -2.2793 kJ and indicating the spontaneity of the system. The results showed that this submerged aquatic plant M. spicatiun can be successfully used for the removal of basic blue 41.

4 illus, 5 tables, 35 ref

015720   Balakrishna K;Acharya K L (Mangalore Chemicals & Fetilisers Ltd., , Post Box 18, Panambur, Mangalore-575 010) : Modernisation and revamp of MCF plants. Indian J Fertil 2007, 3(3), 55-7.

Mangalore Chemicals & Fertilisers Ltd. (MCF) operates ammonia-urea plants, complex fertilisers plants, ammonium bicarbonate plant and captive power generation units. Over the years, MCF has carried out various revamp/ modifications. Describes the revamp/modifications carried out by the MCF to achieve plant reliability, improved safety, improved energy consumption and better sustenance of the environment.

015719   Ahmad M;Lata Dora S;Chakraborty M K;Arya P K; Gupta A (NO, Central Inst of Mining and Fuel Res, Dhanbad-826 001) : Hydrological study of limestone mining area, Vijaraghovgarh, Katni. Indian J envir Prot 2007, 12(11), 980-6.

The paper describes a case study carried out for evaluation, planning and management of water resource in and around a limestone mining area located in Bamangaon and Mehgaon village of Vijayraghovgarh Block in Katni District of Madhya Pradesh. In the Vijayraghovgarh block was considered as an influencing zone for the water resource study. Average annual rainfall of the area is 1022 mm. Out of total seasonal rainfall around 30% becomes rechargeable groundwater and about 11 % goes waste as surface runoff in the area. During winter season groundwater level ranges from 7.8 to 8.6 m down the general ground level. Whereas, during summer season groundwater level varied from 11.1 to 11.5 m in the block. Various Hydro geological studies were conducted to availability of water in the area. The water quality of groundwater was conducted which showed that the water was potable.

6 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

014465   Shajahan C A;Kumanan S (Producing Engg Dep, Research Scholar, National Institute of Technology, Triruchirappali, Email: cashaji@yahoo.com) : Modeling and simulation of product development process using SIM QUICK. Mfg Technol Today 2008, 7(1), 1-7.

Product development is the process of managing activities to bring a new product or service to market that meets customer needs. It involves different set of interrelated dynamic tasks with randomness of duration, uncertainty of interruptions and complexity of iteration. Increased pressure to bring down the 'tune to market' of the product, maintaining increased level of customization makes product development process complex. Modeling and simulation proved to be an effective tool in dealing with this kind of problems. The use of 'SIMQUICK' in modeling and simulation of PD process.

4 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

014464   Senthilkumar J S;Saravanan R;Asokan P (Mechatronics Engg Dep, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Email: jsskum@yahoo.com) : Multiple optimizations for selection of machining parameters of inconel-718 material turning process. Mfg Technol Today 2008, 7(2), 3-7.

Determination of cutting parameters for tough and hard material is very important for the process planner to achieve the economic machining process. A new optimization technique based on genetic algorithms (GA) to optimize the objectives like minimum surface roughness, power required and cutting force and maximum tool life. Many researchers concentrate the single objective to optimize the process parameters, a new methodology to optimize the process parameters for each objective each time one objective will optimize and other objective will be treated as constraints. Experimental results proved that the effectiveness of proposed genetic algorithm based multiple optimizations solving this machining problem.

5 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

014463   Saravanan R;Janakiraman V (Mechatronic Dep, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Email: janakiramanvenkat@yahoo.com) : Study on reducing machining time in CNC turning centre. Mfg Technol Today 2008, 7(2), 8-14.

Machinining optimization has an inevitable role in contemporary operation of CNC and non-conventional machining processes. The operating parameters in this context are cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut etc.. that do not violate any of the constraints that may apply on the process and satisfy the objective function such as minimizing the total production time or production cost or maximizing the production rate or combination of several objective functions. Turning is one of the important operations in industries. Hence it is desired to optimize the operating parameters of the turning process. In this work a turned component is considered with turning, facing and undercutting operations. The objective function is to minimize the machining time with constraints such as cutting power, cutting force, tool life, surface finish of the product. For solving the above problem optimization procedure was developed using Genetic Algorithm. The optimization problem was solved and the result was compared with the current practice used in industries.

3 illus, 5 tables, 20 ref

014462   Ramesh S;Pradeep Kumar M;Karunamoorthy L; Vijay Sekar K S (Meahanical Prod. Engg, Sathyabama Univ, Chennai, Email: ramesh_1968@yahoo.com) : Orthogonal cutting investigations on T164 alloy machinening by using artifical neural networks. Mfg Technol Today 2008, 7(1), 22-7.

Titanium and its alloys are attractive materials due to their unique high strength to weight ratio and their exceptional corrosion resistance. Combined the predictive machining approach with neural network modeling of cutting parameters. Experimental work has been performed in orthogonal cutting of Ti-6Al-4V using Plain Carbide tool. At the selected cutting conditions the forces have been measured. The experimental data were utilized to train the developed simulation environment based on back propagation neural network modeling. The cutting speed, feed, depth of cut have been considered as the input parameters and cutting force, feed force as output parameters to develop the model. The trained neural network was used in predicting the cutting parameters. Predictive ANN models were found to be capable of better predictions of forces about 93 to 97% accuracy within the range that they had been trained.

8 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

014461   Payal H S;Choudhary R;Sethi B L (NO, Beant College of Engg and Technology, Gurdaspur, Punjab, Email: payai_hs@yahoo.com) : Electrical discharge machining process for EN-31 tool steel. Mfg Technol Today 2008, 7(1), 37-41.

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM), as a production process, has influenced its existence in variety of fields and industries during the recent years. Other than tool & die making, it has occupied the area of production of parts in aerospace, medical, optical, automotive, gauge making templates, standards, electronics, cutting tools, ceramics, composites and nuclear industries, working on and almost all advance materials. The most important performance measure in EDM is the Surface Roughness (SR); among other measures Material Removal Rate (MRR) and Tool Wear Ratio (TWR) could be listed. In this study, experiments were performed to determine parameters effecting SR along with structural analysis of surfaces with respect to material removal parameters. Experimental work has been conducted on EN-31 tool steel with copper, brass and graphite as the tool electrodes with kerosene oil as dielectric fluid. The data compiled during the experimentation has been used to yield the responses in respect of MRR and SR. Further, the detailed analysis of structural features of machined surface has been done by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to understand the mode of Heat Affected Zone (HAZ). Highlights a practical approach for full exploitation of EDM capabilities.

6 illus, 10 ref

014460   Kannan G;Senthil P;Noorul Haq A (Production Engg Dep, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Email: gkannan@nitt.edu) : Machining parameter potimization of wire cut EDM machine using taguchi's design of experiment (DOE). Mfg Technol Today 2008, 7(3), 18-22.

Wire cut EDM process is a complicated machining process, which is controlled by more than ten machining parameters. The situation is really tough to find the different parametric combinations for variety of machining situations. The design of experiments coined by Dr. Genichi Taguchi is used to find the parametric combinations. The objective of the paper is to analyze and find optimum parameters for the minimum surface roughness along with cutting speed of typical die steel plate. The work piece selected for carrying the experiment is 30 mm thick steel OHNS plate. The surface roughness is measured using a surface roughness-measuring instrument. The cutting speed is noted directly form the LED display in the machine. The experiments are planned and conducted according to the DOE process. The ANOVA analysis is done to analyze the Taguchi's design of experiments problems. The optimum conditions for the minimum surface roughness directly vary with the optimum conditions for the cutting speed.

1 illus, 8 tables, 6 ref

014459   Jatinder Kumar;Khamba J S;Mohapatra S K (Mechanical Engg Dep, AKGEC, Ghaziabad) : An experimental investigation of the influence of work material properties on performance indices of ultrasonic machining. Mfg Technol Today 2008, 7(3), 23-7.

Ultrasonic Machining is one of the most widely used non-traditional machining processes for the machining of non-conductive, brittle materials such as engineering ceramics. Although USM can machine any material regardless of its electrical conductivity, the machining performance of this process is dependant on several important mechanical properties of the work material being machined, including fracture toughness and hardness. There is a considerable lack of research on this aspect of USM, particularly the performance of the process with different work-tool combinations and under varying process conditions such as slurry grit 'size, tool material, abrasive material etc. In the present investigation, an experimental study has been conducted to assess the effect of slurry grit size on Machining rate and tool wear rate with twelve different work-tool combinations. It has been concluded that the abrasive grit size plays an important role in the variation of the machining performance of USM. The machining rate is found to decrease with a corresponding increase in the product of fracture toughness and hardness of the work material. Tool wear rate decreases with decrease in the fracture toughness of work material and increase in the strain hardening capability of tool material.

8 illus, 1 table, 16 ref]

014458   Gurumani R;Shanmugam S (Meahanical Engg Dep, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Email: raagu33@yahoo.com) : Analysis on increase of contant ratio and its effects on involute spur gear teeth. Mfg Technol Today 2008, 7(1), 32-6.

The influences of centre distance and tooth addendum increase on the contact ratio of involute spur gear sets are studied taking the major performance parameters such as bending strength, surface compressive strength and gear tooth deflection into account. In the first case, the contact ratio is intentionally varied between one and two by altering the center distance and for a given gear ratio, module and pressure angle. In the second case, for the same gear set, the contact ratio is increased by tooth extension within the permissible clearance limits on the addendum side avoiding interference. On either case, the influence of contact ratio on the performance parameters is analyzed. The results of the three dimensional FEM analyses from ANSYS are presented. For two sets of identical gears, when the contact ratio is increased in one set by tooth extension considerable improvement in the percentage engagement time is observed indicating improved performance capabilities.

1 table, 8 ref

014457   Gowri S;Somansundaram S;Jagan L (CEG Campus, Anna Univ, Chennai) : An experimental investigation of superabrasive grinding of alumina ceramics using molybdenum disulphide as solid lubricant. Mfg Technol Today 2008, 7(3), 10-17.

Super abrasive grinding is a development in the precision grinding technology for producing high surface finish on the surfaces. Cooling and lubrication are especially important to ensure workpiece quality because of high friction and intense heat generation involved in the process. Conventionally, liquid coolants in flood form are employed in grinding. The large contact area between the wheel and workpiece causes a stiff boundary layer around the periphery, which restricts the flow of fresh cutting fluids in the grinding zone. Hence, the usage of fluid coolant is ineffective. Minimization and possibly the elimination of fluid coolants can be done by substituting their functions through the use of solid lubricants. In this work, the possibility of using Molybdenum-di-Sulphide as a lubricating medium to reduce the heat generated at the grinding zone is investigated by the use of an experimental setup in the surface grinding machine. The study of effect of wheel parameters and grinding parameters on surface roughness, surface damage, specific energy and grinding forces are analyzed and the results are compared with the results obtained in the dry grinding.

12 illus, 4 tables, 11 ref

014456   Geethaguru V;Srinivasan K;Periasamy V M; Krishnamurthy R (B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Engg College, Anna Univ, Chennai, Email: gguru55@yahoo.co.in) : Wear testing of bronze on steel spherical interface. Mfg Technol Today 2008, 7(3), 28-34.

The results obtained and deductions made from spherical wear tests involving bronze shells against steel balls of 25 mm diameter. These tests were carried out using a specially developed spherical wear testing machine. (Indian Patent No. 198349/2003). Test runs lasting for 8150 minutes covers both the run-in and the mild wear regimes. The wear was estimated by direct mass loss method and correlated with surface profile measurements by periodic monitoring. The wear coefficient for this spherical interface was also computed. Macrographs of worn out surfaces, the variation in center - line average roughness parameter (Ra) of the shell, details of wear debris and the acoustic emission signals obtained are reported and discussed. In conclusion, this work, presents the wear characteristics of spherical contacts and attempts to standardize wear testing of spherical joints, like the standard pin-on-disc testing for planar interfaces.

7 illus, 11 ref

014455   Chhabra M;Singh R (Mechanical Engg Dep, MIT, Moradabad) : Experimental approach to investigate the effects of heat input on welding characteristics of austenitic stainless steel weld in pulse gmaw. Mfg Technol Today 2008, 7(2), 24-8.

The effects of heat input on weld characteristics in pulse gas metal arc welding (P-GMAW) of austenitic stainless steel is presented. The weld characteristics are Front Width (b₁), Front Height (a₁), Back Width (b2), Back Height (a₂), Top Reinforcement Area (A₁), Root Reinforcement Area (A3), Base Metal Fusion Area (A2), Weld Metal and Dilution D(%). AISI 304 stainless steel sheets of 2mm thickness in flat position were welded with pulse gas metal arc welding process to achieve a weld bead contour corresponding to DIN 8563 class AS at different heat inputs for investigating the effects of heat input on weld characteristics. The heat input varies by changing the input parameters such as mean current (I_m), welding speed (S), peak current (I_p), base current (I_b), pulse time (t_p), frequency (f). These pulse parameters have distinct effect on the welding characteristics.

5 illus, 4 tables, 11 ref

014454   Chandrasekaran M;Kannan S;Pandiaraj P (Mechanical Engg Dep, Rajalakshmi Engg College, Chennai, Email: ch_sekaran@yahoo.com) : Quality improvement in automobile assembly production line by using kaizen. Mfg Technol Today 2008, 7(3), 35-8.

The 'part mismatch problem' is one of the general quality, problems in automobile assembly production line. Part mismatch affects the production by quality rejection, rework, down time etc. Most of the time part mismatches leads to major functional problem at the assembly section. Kaizen is a method which can control and eliminate such part mismatch problems in automobile assembly production. In this paper, the applicability of kaizen for quality improvement in the production of automobile assemblies with a case study is illustrated. By using kaizen, automobile assembly production line quality problem is solved. Case study about the bracket mismatch leads to brake hose mounting nut offset. This was the major problem of the under body assembly. Step by step kaizen procedure followed to solve the problem by data collection, root cause analysis, selection of best solution method, corrective action, documentation and continuing improvement. Kaizen implementation for solving the problem also reflects in the improvement of quality, cost reduction, delivery to customer, morale of the employees and safety. Kaizen was found to be an effective process for improving the quality and productivity. Practical implications of Kaizen can improve the productivity by downtime reduction and quality improvement.

6 ref

014453   Chakraborty S (Production Engg Dep, Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata, Email: s_chakraborty00@yahoo.co.in) : Selection of machines and machining processes. Mfg Technol Today 2008, 7(1), 8-15.

Machine and machining process selection play an important role in the modern day manufacturing environment. Selection of the most suitable machining process for generating a desired feature on a given material requires the consideration of several factors among which the type of the workpiece material and shape to be machined are the most significant ones. Selection of a machining process is, therefore, observed to be a multi-criteria decision-making problem with different conflicting objectives. Various methods have now been available for automatic selection of machines and machining processes to generate a desired shape feature on a given material. A brief review of those methods developed by the previous researchers while selecting various machines and machining processes under specific manufacturing environment. New possibilities for automation of machining process selection and many other areas within manufacturing.

1 illus, 44 ref

014452   Ahuja I P S;Khamba J S;Pankaj Kumar (Univ College of Engg, Punjabi Univ, Patiala) : Strategic implementation of total productive maintenance in an India manufacturing organization. Mfg Technol Today 2008, 7(2), 34-41.

Competitive pressures and changing production management paradigms, in recent years, have increased the importance of reliable and consistent production equipment. Equipment management has received significant attention during the recent years in the manufacturing industry because of the industry's dynamic characteristics and the increasing cost of capital equipment. The recent competitive trends have been pushing manufacturing executives to reconsider the impact and importance of increasing equipment availability and utilization, maintenance productivity, resource utilization, and enhancing quality and responsiveness of maintenance services. One approach to improve the performance of maintenance activities is to implement Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) initiatives. TPM has emerged as an indispensable strategy for manufacturing organizations across the globe to meet customer's demands on price, quality and lead times. In the last one and a half decades, leading Indian manufacturing entrepreneurs have taken proactive steps and initiatives to imbibe state of the art maintenance improvement initiatives and philosophies in the organizations to realize enhanced manufacturing performance. The study highlights the contributions made by holistic TPM implementation in an Indian manufacturing organization.

^ccr3 illus, 19 ref

013523   Verma A K;Quasim M;Yadav S B (Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur-492 006) : Performance study of manually operated low lift hand pump. J agric Issues 2006, 11(1), 19-24.

Experiments were conducted at IGKV, Raipur during 1998-2003 in the winter season to determine performance characteristics of different types of manually operated low lift hand pumps. It was found that the discharge capacity of the pump depends on number of strokes, stroke length and volume of inlet cylinder chamber. The discharge of pump varies between 8300 lit h^-1 for 1 m suction heights to 4400 lit h^-1 for 5 m suction heights. Discharge rate of the pumps decreases with the increase in operating heads. The force requirement was inversely proportional to the number of revolution per hour. The value of force requirement was obtained in the range of 34 N to 85 N for suction height from 1 m to 5 m. There was a considerable decrease in discharge and increase in force requirement if the pumps were used above 5 m suction height. Looking to its popularity and suitability to small farmers of Chhattisgarh, Govt. of Chhattisgarh listed this pump under subsidy items.

2 illus, 3 tables, 5 ref

013522   Sriman Narayanan J;Deiveeka Sundaram M (Microbiology Dep, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar-608 002, ) : Ethanol production from the sunflower head waste and stalks using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Pl Archs 2008, 8(1), 85-7.

Ethanol is one of the alternate fuel used nowadays in automobiles due to the tremendous increase in industrialization. Lignocellulosic wastes are the most abundant material present in the environment and they are processed to produce ethanol by employing micro organisms. In this study, sunflower head waste and stalks were taken and it is saccharfied by chemical and biological means and then fermented by yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to yield ethanol. The results indicated that the maximum quantity of ethanol was accomplished by microbial conversion rather than alkali hydrolyze. Trichoderma reesei fungal culture showed maximum yield of 21.89 g/1 of ethanol than alkali hydrolze (alkali - 20.52 g/l).

3 tables, 6 ref

013521   Sidhu K S (Punjab State Electricity Board, , Chandigarh) : Journey from geramics to polymer insulators. Wat Energy int 2007, 64(3), 20-8.

In the area of electrical insulation, inorganic materials such as porcelain and glass have been extensively used for a long time. However, the main problem with porcelain and glass high voltage insulators is that water readily forms a continuous film on their surface. In the presence of contamination, leakage current then develops which may led to flashover that could be followed by an outage of the power system. the need to improve the reliability of power supply, led to the discovery and development of organic insulating materials, i.e., polymer, which is being recently beginning to be accepted as a better insulating material. Explains the switchover from inorganic to organic insulators with a specific emphasis on the characteristics of the materials and required tests to establish that the polymer insulators have acceptable mechanical and electrical properties.

4 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

013520   Ravichandran G;Rathinam A;Prasanna Venkatesan K R (NO, Welding Research Institute, BHEL, Tiruchirappalli-620 014) : Evaluation of fatigue life enhancement technique in weldment by ultrasonic peening. WRI Jl 2007, 28(2), 23-8.

The ultrasonic peening is a technique for the improvement of fatigue life of welded structures. The technique makes use of an ultrasonically vibrated pin which is pressed against the toe regions of the weld. The beneficial effect is mainly due to the introduction of favourable compressive stresses in the toe regions due to the local plastic deformation and the reduction of stress concentration effect. Analyses the influence of ultrasonic peening treatment on the fatigue life improvement in butt welded plates. The technique was applied in a plate weldment and specimens conforming to ASTM E 466 standard were prepared and tested in a servohydraulic static dynamic testing machine at three different stress levels. The comparison of the fatigue life in unpeened and peened specimens clearly bring out the beneficial influence of the treatment. It has been found that the improvement in fatigue life was to the extent of 35% at 250 MPa of applied stress, the peening has resulted in lower fatigue life. The details of the experiments conducted and the results obtained have been presented.

4 illus, 5 tables, 8 ref

013519   Rathinam A;Ravichandran G;Suresh S; Kaliyaperumal R;Nagalakshmi R (NO, Welding Research Institute, BHEL, Tiruchirappalli-620 014) : Qualification of resistance welded pipes as per API 5L-2004. WRI Jl 2007, 28(2), 5-11.

The electric resistance welding process is widely used for the fabrication of ERW pipes and tubes. For ensuring the quality of these welds, destructive testing has to be carried out as per API-5L. The various tests like tensile tests, reverse bend test, flattening test, impact test, hardness test, micro examination which were carried out on a ERW pipe are described. The test procedure, the results obtained and analysis of results for a typical pipe weld are described in this paper.

4 illus, 9 tables, 7 ref

013518   Prasad P V;Sivanagaraju S;Sreenivasulu N (NO, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad) : Enhancement of voltage stability in radial distribution systems through online network reconfiguration using genetic algorithm. Wat Energy int 2007, 64(3), 29-35.

Network reconfiguration of distribution system is an operation to alter the topological structure of feeders by changing open/closed status of sectionalizing and tie switches. Network reconfiguration for time varying loads is very complex and extremely non-linear optimization, which can be effectively solved using Genetic Algorithm (GA). By reconfiguring the network, voltage stability can be improved in distribution systems. A method is proposed for the enhancement of voltage stability under varying load conditions by online network reconfiguration using GA. This method is computationally efficient and in general gives conservative estimates of voltage stability. The proposed method is tested on 16-node and 33-none radial distribution systems.

8 ref

013517   Pandey N S;Shukla D S (Botany Dep, M.L.K.(P.G.) College, Balrampur-271 201) : Potential of Brassica napus L. for industrial biodiesel. Pl Archs 2008, 8(1), 429-30.

The Brassica napits is a main feedstock for biodiesel production in India. On an average, Brassica yield in India is 760 kg per hectare. The average high yields are so far 1100 kg per hectare. The most important factor influencing the economic viability of biodiesel is seed yield. Other important product can be mentioned here as high protein meal and glycerin obtained from rapeseed. Environmental benefits may be more important in the demand for and use of biodiesel than cost, especially environmentally sensitive areas and metropolitan cities to meet out the demand of fresh air. Emissions from vehicles are pollution free and easily biodegradable.

1 table, 8 ref

013516   Pal S, et al (NO, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Calcutta-700 064, Email: sandip@veccal.ernet.in) : Cryogenic plant and associated subsystems. Indian J Cryogenics 2006, 31(1-4), 1-5.

K-500 Superconducting Cyclotron is under construction at Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata. Its superconducting magnet coil cryostat and cryopanels require cryogens for cooling. The design and development of the total cryogenic system from supply point of view is a very huge job. A glimpse of the helium and nitrogen liquefier, helium gas management system and liquid nitrogen supply management system is described in this paper.

2 illus, 2 tables, 4 ref

013515   Oza A;Chowdhury K (Cryogenic Engineering Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302, Email: chowdhury_iitkgp@hotmail.com) : Safe design of oxygen system components. Indian J Cryogenics 2006, 31(1-4), 91-5.

One characteristic feature of oxygen equipment is a definite probability of ignition and detonation of materials in the process of use. Most materials will ignite at lower temperatures in an oxygen-enriched environment than in air, and once ignited, combustion rates are greater in the oxygen-enriched environment. The nonmetals used in oxygen service are usually the polymers (including elastomers), plastics, thermosets, composites and lubricants. They are known to be the most critical materials in high-pressure oxygen applications. The risk of ignition along with release of toxic gases has been a serious consideration in many applications, especially in the medical equipment. The flame propagation in an oxygen environment is also discussed in this paper. This paper provides an idea of probable causes of failure of equipments along with their aging factor accelerating their failures in the oxygen system.

4 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

013514   Narasaiah N;Sameera Kumar C;Dutta A K;Ray K K (Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302, Email: narasaiah@iitkgp.ernet.in) : Role of microstructure on the fracture behaviour of a mild steel at cryogenic temperatures. Indian J Cryogenics 2006, 31(1-4), 11-19.

Fracture stress and the fracture toughness of a plain carbon steel have been determined at 77K using bend bar and chevron notched specimens respectively. These measurements have been carried out on the steel suitably heat-treated to contain different variations in carbide thickness. The fracture stress of the steel indicates a linear variation with C₀^-1/2, where C₀ is carbide particle size; these results follow the stable crack nuclei model suggested by Griffith. The fracture toughness of the steel, on the other hand, was found to decrease with increase in carbide particle size. These results could be explained in an excellent manner using theoretically computed values of fracture toughness based on a modified statistical crack nuclei model suggested by Curry and Knott. The adoption of chevron notched specimen for determining fracture toughness at cryogenic temperature is a pioneering direction whereas the estimated results related to the influence of carbide size on fracture toughness are the first of its kind to support the model suggested by Curry and knott.

11 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

013513   Moses G;Manoharan S (NO, Welding Research Institute, BHEL, Tiruchirappali-620 014) : Safety in ARC welding process. WRI Jl 2007, 28(2), 29-35.

Safety in arc welding processes is a very important aspect. Even though, arc welding is carried out widely across the world, when certain basic measures and precautions are ignored, it results in injuries, short duration discomfort, loss of sight after a longer, period or sometimes even death. The major accident of death comes from electric shock. Injuries like burns from coming in contact with hot metals. Loss of sight can result from not using appropriate filters or goggles for a long time. Arc eye is an example of short discomforts. We can avoid all these problems and hazards, by following certain basic instructions on safety. These hazards and the methods of avoiding them and carrying out safe welding is highlighted in this paper.

7 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

013512   Lele M M;Narayankhedkar K G (NO, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Powai, Mumbai-400 076) : Design and development of stirling cycle cooler for domestic applications. Indian J Cryogenics 2006, 31(1-4), 20-4.

Design procedure for developing Stirling cycle cooler for Non-CFC refrigeration applications is discussed. The cyclic analysis is used for design of cooler working on Stirling cycle for this application. The analysis takes care of all possible losses. The parametric study is also carried out for getting the final dimensions of the cooler to suit the design objective.

3 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

013511   Gupta S K;Singh K K;Ojha C S P (Civil Engg Dep, G.C.E.T. Jammu, , ) : Developing operation policy for on-farm reservoir. Wat Energy int 2007, 64(3), 40-6.

To exploit irrigation water efficiently in farms, recently Singh and Ojha (2005) recommended use of on-farm reservoir (OFR) for storing excess irrigation water during various rotation(s) of irrigation, and utilizing this water strategically with subsequent rotation(s) of irrigation. The improvement in irrigation efficiency of water depends on the particular path of the network, drawn from the various possibilities of utilization OFR water, at each rotation of irrigation. However, there is imperfection in conceptualization of the network as used by Singh and Ojha (2005) for the analysis, which leads to inadequate operation policy. The study overcomes the imperection in the conceptualization of the network of various strategies and suggests coherent operation policy of OFR.

5 illus, 6 tables, 9 ref

013510   Dey T K (Thermophysical Measurements Laboratory, Cryogenic Engineering Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302, Email: tapasdey@hijli.iitkgp.ernet.in) : On the suitability of monovalent (K and Na) doped lanthanum manganite perovskites as refrigerant for near room temperature magnetic refrigeration. Indian J Cryogenics 2006, 31(1-4), 77-86.

Polycrystalline samples of potassium and sodium doped lanthanum manganites of the types La_1-xK_xMnO₃ (0<60>x<60>0.15) and La_1-yNa_yMnO₃ (y=0.05. 0.10, 0.15) having nanometric crystallite size have been prepared by microwave processing. Potassium and sodium addition in lanthanum manganite enhances the Curie temperature (T_c) of the system from 260K (x=0.05) to 309K (x=0.15) and from 196K (y=0.05) to 312 (y=0.15) respectively. A detailed structural analysis has been performed on all the samples using the Rietvald FULLPROF program and important structural parameters are estimated. Close to T_c a significant change in magnetic entropy has been observed in both k and Na doped lanthanum manganites. Maximum entropy change |ΔS^Max_M| in an applied field of 1T shows an enhancement by <126>10% with increase in K content up to x = 0.15. La_0.85K_0.15MnO₃ exhibits the largest |ΔS^Max_M| value of 3.00 J/Kg-K at 31.0 K amongst the compounds investigated. Moreover, the maximum magnetic entropy change in both systems exhibits a linear dependence with applied magnetic field. The adiabatic temperature change estimated at T_c and at 1T field also increases with both K and Na doping, being maximum of 2.8K for La_0.85K_0.15MnO₃ compound. The relative cooling power (RCP) of La_1-xK_xMnO₃ compounds is estimated to be about 1/3rd of the prototype magnetic refrigerant (pure Gd). La_1-xK_xMnO₃ compounds possess MCE around room temperature is comparable to that of Gd. However, in case of La_1-yNa_yMnO₃ compounds MCE is <126>67% of pure Gd. The temperature dependence of the magnetic entropy change (ΔS_M) measured under various magnetic fields is explained fairly well using the Landau theory of phase transition. Contributions of magnetoelastic and electron interaction are found to have strong influence in the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of manganites. Results indicate that apart from high ΔS_M and RCP value; tailoring of T_c, higher chemical stability, lower eddy current heating and lower cost of synthesis are some of the attractive features of La_1-xK_xMnO₃ compounds are attractive as magnetic refrigerant.

7 illus, 2 tables, 44 ref

013509   Das S;Dey T K (Thermophysical Measurements Laboratory Cryogenic Engineering Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302, Email: tapasdey@hijli.iitkgp.ernet.in) : Thermoelectric power of polycrystalline potassium doped lanthanum manganites at cryogenic temperature. Indian J Cryogenics 2006, 31(1-4), 71-6.

Temperature dependence of the thermoelectric power of monovalent Potassium-doped La_1-xK_xMnO₃ polycrystalline pellets (x=0.05, 0.10 and 0.15) is reported between 50 and 300K. Reitveld analysis shows all the samples to be rhombohedral with space group R3C. Curie temperature (T_c) of the samples increases from 260 to 309K as K-doping increases from 0.05 to 0.15. Both the resistivity and thermopower data of these compounds is governed by the adiabatic small polaron hopping in the high temperature (T<62>T_c). In the low temperature (T<60>T_c), the electrical resistivity is governed by polaron tunneling along with electron-electron, electron-magnon scattering whereas the thecmopower can be well explained by the electron-magnon and spin wave fluctuation. Both, resistivity and thermopower data between 50 to 300K are further examined in light of a two-phase model based on an effective medium approximation. Analysis confirms that the temperature dependence of the thermoelectric power of La_1-xK_xMnO₃ compounds computed using the expression derived using effective medium approach, gives a fairly good description of the observed thermal variation of thermoelectric power in monovalent (K) doped lanthanum manganites between 50 and 300K.

3 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

013508   Changdar T K;Chakraborty N R;Sarkar S C (Centre for Rural & Cryogenic Technologies, Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata-700 032, Email: scs@cal2.vsnl.net.in) : Advances in reverse stirling cycle based cryogenerator. Indian J Cryogenics 2006, 31(1-4), 96-102.

Stirling cycle based Cryogenerators for low capacity nitrogen/air liquefaction are in great demand in the country for various laboratories, research institutions, space applications, and diary husbandry etc. Reverse Stirling cycle based cryogenerator has witnessed many developments over the decades. Before undertaking any indigenous development of such plant for generation of liquid gases such as liquid nitrogen, liquid methane etc. it is of urgent necessity to have the state of the art report on cryogenerator development. Highlight the various development of different critical components such as regenerator, piston, expander, cooler etc. in particular and Cryogenerator in general including thermodynamic analysis that have taken place over the years.

1 illus, 22 ref

013507   Bagchi S S;Khurana P K (Koradi Thermal Power Station, , Koradi, Maharashtra) : Evaluation of change in water quality6 at Koradi thermal power station. Wat Energy int 2007, 64(3), 36-9.

The depletion of natural resources is of prime concern for the extistence of mankind. Time has come to think on classification of available resource water in term of quality for use in various applications i.e., Demineralized Water, cooling Water, Domestic, Ash Handling etc. It would mean a step towards cost effective water management. The requirement of water at Koradi thermal Power Station, Koradi is approximately 1 lakh m³ per day. the main source of water is Khairi dam build on Pench river. It is drawn in artificial pond (known as pond No.3) at KTPS. Water undergoes significant changes in quality after entering pond No. 3. Demineralized water for all the seven units of Koradi thermal Power Station (1100 MW) is supplied from water treatment plant, Stage-II. An attempt has been made to evaluate the change in intake water quality and cost on the basis of strong acid cation exchanger elute electrical conductivity and its impact on ion exchangers at demineralized water treatment plant.

1 illus, 8 tables, 3 ref