013506   Anbazhagan V;rohira K L;Uma Shanker G (NO, Welding Research Institute, BHEL, Tiruchirappalli-620 014) : (NULL). WRI Jl 2007, 28(2), 12-22.

The increase of steam parameters requires the development of new high strength and creep materials. Gives data on fabrication guidelines, mechanical properties and high temperaure behaviour (creep) of SA 213 T 23 steel tubes. Procedure qualification tests were successfully completed for tube welds between T 23 and T 23 in the as - welded and PWHT condition. The test activity covers the study of the sensitivity of T 23 steel for fabrication process used and the test procedures. Cold and hot bends, similar and dissimilar steel welding with SMAW, GTAW and GMAW and PWHT were carried out.

19 illus, 12 tables, 20 ref

012693   Zahedi M S;Khan M Y A (Mathmatics Dep, Neyshabur Payame Noor Univ, Neyshabur, Iran, Email: zahedi@math.unipune.ernet.in ) : Mechanical model of wing and theoretical estimate of taper factor for three gliding birds. J Biosci, Bangalore 2007, 32(2), 351-61.

Mechanical model of wing, which was constructed using the measurements of wingspan and wing area taken from three species of gliding birds was tested. In this model, we estimated the taper factors of the wings for jackdaw (Corrus monedula), Harris' hawk (Parabuteo unicinctas) and Lagger falcon (Falco jugger) as 1.8, 1.5 and 1.8, respectively. Likewise, by using the data linear regression and curve estimation method, as well as estimating the taper factors and the angle between the humerus and the body, calculates the relationship between wingspan, wing area and the speed necessary to meet the aerodynamic requirements of sustained flight. In addition, calculates the relationship between the speed, wing area and wingspan for a specific angle between the humerus and the body over the range of stall speed to maximum speed of gliding flight. Then compares the results for these three species of gliding birds. These comparisons suggest that the aerodynamic characteristics of Harris' hawk wings are similar to those of the falcon but different from those of the jackdaw. Also presents two simple equations to estimate the minimum angle between the humerus and the body as well as the minimum span ratio of a bird in gliding flight.

5 illus, 14 ref

012692   Vij G K;Prasanna Kumar P;Rao P S K M (Instrumentation Div, Central Rd Res Inst, New Delhi) : Studies with nuclear moisture and density gauge. Indian Highw 2007, 35(11), 31-7.

5 illus, 6 tables, 10 ref

012691   Thakare A P;Tatte B M (Electronics and Telecomunication Dep, Sipna`s College of Engeenering and Technology, Amravati-444 605) : Biomedical data transmission with wireless comunication. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2007, 4(2), 813-16.

Wireless biomedical sensing is a technique that measures physiological signals of humans or animals from a distance without a wire connection. Its basic components are sensor/transducer, transmitter, and receiver with a radio frequency wave as the most widely adopted transmission medium. The theory of wireless communication with an enhanced biomedical aspect is presented. The current status and future trends of this field are also discussed. Different manner of wireless monitoring of biomedical data are present. System is based on wearable sensor devices using wireless data transfer to send measured biomedical parameters to a central computer/server at hospital. The remote biomedical measurement system consists of several subsystems like biomedical monitoring sensors, wireless transfer of measured data, slave module, master module, central data base system and appropriate applications and automatic analyze, user interface software module and very important, hardware protected access realized by smart card. This system is suitable for continuous patients monitoring and gives possibilities to increase health care and safety of life.

5 ref

012690   Srinivas T;Aruna Lakshmi K;Prasuna R G;Sheela Veronica (Biotechnol Dep, Coll of Engineering GITAM, Visakhapatnam-530 045) : Bioallergens sisn the Air of selected areas in Visakhapatnam. J envir Sci Engng 2007, 49(4), 287-92.

Bacteria, fungi and organic dust become a health hazard to those exposed to heavy traffic. People routinely exposed to organic dust suffer from respiratory diseases like asthma and acute bronchitis. A survey of aerospora conducted in five selected areas of Visakhapatnam showed that bacteria and fungi were present in the order of 4x10³ and lx10³ respectively. Twenty one fungal species and seven bacterial species were present in the present study. Many filamentous fungi known to be aeroallergens were present, Aspergillus being the predominant species. Pathogenic bacteria like Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus were found in the study area. The threshold limit value (TLV) and biological exposure indices values should be liaised for each area in the city which will serve as a guide to control health hazards.

4 tables, 10 ref

012689   Sinha V K;Jain R K;Satander Kumar (NO, , ) : Causes of cracking of concrete pavement - types and repairs. Indian Highw 2007, 35(11), 23-9.

4 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

012688   Singh A K;Sidhu G K;Sandhya (Food Science Engineering Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana) : Energy auditing in briquetting industries of Punjab. J Res-Punjab Agric Univ 2007, 44(2), 121-2.

012687   Sharmilla G (NO, , 2/11C, 3rd Nobel Street, Alandur, St. Thomas Mount, Chennai-600 016) : Environmental impact assessment of the proposed information technology park at Perungudi. J envir Sci Engng 2007, 49(4), 325-32.

Environmental impact assessment studies of the proposed Information Technology Park at Perungudi have been carried out. The study involved assessing the existing environmental quality of the proposed site, and predicting impacts and preparing an environmental management plan. Data on the existing quality of water, soil, land use pattern, air, noise and socio-economic details of the proposed project were assessed. The impacts due to the proposed activity were identified and evaluated using the Network Impact Methodology. The water requirement was found to be 3, 63, 400 L/day. The total wastewater likely to be generated was found to be 2, 90, 720 L/day. The wastewater will be treated in a sewage treatment plant. The generation of solid waste was assessed to about 500 kg/day. Increase in traffic level was found out by traffic survey. The socio-economic environment will have a positive impact from the proposed project. An Environmental Management Plan was prepared which includes the mitigation measures for improving the eco-profile of the study area.

1 illus, 10 tables, 7 ref

012686   Sahoo U C;Reddy K S (Civil Engng, IIT, Kharagpur-721 302, Email: ucsahoo@civil.iitkgp.ernet.in) : Use of DCP and FWD for evaluation of low volume roads in India. Indian Highw 2007, 35(10), 51-6.

A large number of rural roads are being constructed under the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY). These roads, designed as per IRC:SP-20, have thin bituminous surfacing. Elastic moduli of different pavement layers are essential inputs required in the mechanistic design of new pavements and for the estimation of the remaining life of in-service pavements. The task of selection of appropriate values of layer moduli for the analysis of new as well as in-service pavements has been engaging the attention of pavement researchers for a number of years. In the recent years, structural evaluation of pavements using Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) has become popular, especially in developed countries. Extensive use of FWD for the evaluation of highways is not affordable for the rural roads organizations because of the initial and maintenance costs associated 'with the equipment. In the present investigation, an effort has been made to correlate the results obtained from the evaluation of the sub grade layers of pavements using Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP), to the effective sub grade moduli backcalculated from FWD studies for Low Volume Roads. The work reported in this Paper is a step in the direction of rationalization of design of rural roads.

4 illus, 10 ref

012685   Roy R P;Jagdish Prasad;Joshi A P (RTM Nagpur Univ, , Nagpur-440 033) : Effect of sugar factory effluent on some physico-chemical properties of soils. J envir Sci Engng 2007, 49(4), 277-82.

The effect of irrigation by sugar factory effluent (spentwash) and the well water from adjoining area has been studied in Wardha district, Maharashtra. The effluent had high TDS (422-608 mgL^-1), COD (1152-17680 mgL^-1) and BOD(380-650 mgL^-1) than well water (TDS 240 mgL^-1, COD 3.8 mgL^-1 and BOD 1.2 mgL^-1). There found some nutrients, viz. N, P, K, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn in surface layer of soil in different seasons. Heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb) were found to be within the permissible limits.

4 tables, 14 ref

012684   Ravi Shankar A U;Nageshwar C Rao;Rajeeva S V; Chandrashekhar A;Bharathesh Kumar (Civil Engg Dep, NITK, Surathkal, Mangalore-575 025) : Fly ash and rice husk ash concrete for rigid pavement. Indian Highw 2007, 35(8), 33-48.

The demand for the use of concrete is increasing day by day with rapid progress in construction activities all over the world. At the same time, the price escalation of cement is also very high. In such a situation, there is a dire need for cement replacement materials to cope with the demand. It is found that fly ash obtained as a waste byªproduct from thermal power plants is one such material which has pozzolanic properties. The one more replacement material is the rice husk ash obtained as a waste by-product from the rice mills. The incorporation of these two admixtures leads to improving the mechanical properties and durability of concrete products. In the present study, an attempt is made to investigate the strength properties of M40 mix with varying percentage replacement of cement by fly ash and rice husk ash. A total of four sets of M40 mixes with different percentage replacement of cement were selected. Out of which the first set was for the control mix with and without superplasticizer. The remaining 3 sets, cement was replaced by RHA (5%, 10% & 15%) and Fly ash (5 to 25%). An attempt has been made to study the three strength parameters, namely, the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength. These results are used for pavement design.

16 tables, 23 ref

012683   Rama Rao M;Sreerama Rao A (Civil Engenearing Dep, R V R and j c College of Engineering, Guntur-522 019) : Leaching studies on lime-stabilised fly ash cushion. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2007, 9(3), 569-76.

Expansive clays swell and shrink seasonally when subjected to annual moisture changes causing substantial distress to the structures built over them. Many innovative techniques like sand cushion, Cohesive Non-swelling Soil (CNS) layer and Under-reamed piles have been tried to prevent damages to structures founded in these soils. Each one of the techniques, however, bristles with some drawback or the other. The CNS layer technique, which is more often used in canal linings and embankment slopes, has definite drawbacks as subsequent research has shown. In order to overcome these disadvantages, a fly ash cushion stabilized with cement or lime has been tried. This has been found to be not only effective in arresting heave but also in solving, to some extent, the disposal of fly ash which is a hazardous waste material. However, doubts persist in the minds of some as to the durability of lime in lime-stabilized fly ash cushion because lime has a tendency to get carried away in solution by water during the wetting and drying cycles. This work attempts to study the durability of lime in lime-stabilized fly ash cushions. The amount of lime leached depends upon the dry density of fly ash cushion. Higher the dry density, smaller would be the percentage lime leached. Fatigue is noticeable in the process of leaching of lime from fly ash cushion which means that the amount of lime leached reduces with every cycle of wetting and drying. The study has established that the amount of lime leached from the fly ash cushion is quite negligible and that it can be effectively used in stabilizing fly ash cushions for arresting heave of expansive clay beds.

9 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

012682   Rajendran A;Sundramurthy A B;Thangavelu V (Biochemical Engineering Laboratory and Chemical Engineering Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Unstructured kinetic models for lipase production by Bacillus sphaericus. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2007, 9(3), 683-90.

Unstructured kinetic modeling for cell growth, lipase production and substrate utilization are presented for lipase production by Bacillus sphaericus in batch submerged fermentation. The unstructured models, Logistic model for cell growth, Monod incorporated Luedeking- Piret model for lipase production and Modified Logistic model incorporated modified Luedeking-Piret model for substrate utilization where capable of predicting with high coefficient of determination (R²) values of 0.9977, 0.9871 and 0.9966 respectively. The predicted profile of the fermentation are in good agreement with the experimental profile, indicated that the unstructured models were able to describe the fermentation profile effectively. Estimated parameters of the Luedeking- Piret model for lipase production indicate that the production of lipase by Bacillus sphaericus is growth-associated.

12 illus, 16 ref

012681   R Srinivasa Reddy;Lele S (NO, Koneura Lakshmaiah College of Engineering, Vaddeswaram, Gunter-522 502) : Argentated silica gel chromatography for separation of <103>-linolenic acid from microalgae. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2007, 4(2), 621-6.

Low expense process is developed for recovery of γ-linolenic acid from Spirulina platensis biomass. Simultaneous extraction and direct transmethylation of fatty acids from freeze dried biomass and subsequent purification using silver silica gel column chromatography resulted in 95.43% pure γ-linolenic acid. The percent purity of γ-linolenic acid in the fractions varied from 87.18 -95 %. A recovery of 74.05% γ- linolenic acid was achieved using silver silica gel chromatography.

2 illus, 3 tables, 11 ref

012680   Patel S;Vakharia P P;Raval S M (NO, , ) : Use of copper slag and fly ash mix as subgrade and embankment fill material. Indian Highw 2007, 35(11), 17-22.

Copper slag and fly ash mix has been used as a subgrade and embankment fill material for the construction of Bharuch-Dahej Road SH-6 of Gujarat State. Due to low availability of suitable soil for the construction of embankment as well as subgrade, a mix of copper slag and fly ash waste material available at Birla Copper Industries at Dahej was used as an alternative material. Out of 48 kms of Bharuch-Dahej Road length, six kms of road length towards Dahej has been constructed using copper slag and fly ash mix for both embankment and subgrade. The bulk utilization of waste materials like copper slag and fly ash in the road construction is economical and solves the disposal problem of the industries as well as it saves the local environment from Pollution.

2 illus, 3 tables, 4 ref

012679   Oni S I (Geography Dep, Univ of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria, Email: iyiolaoni@yahoo.com) : Gender, foodstuff transpotation/distribution and poverty alleviation in metropolian Lagos, Nigeria. Indian Highw 2007, 35(9), 31-7.

It is realized that transport policies and implementation have not taken into account the specific transport needs of the different income and social groups in Nigeria's urban centres. This Paper captures the critical role of gender infoodstuff distribution in metropolitan Lagos, Nigeria. It examines the transportation problems encountered bywomen in bringing food to the markets (daily or periodic) and accessibility to the urban households. The government authorities have failed to provide the necessary framework and appropriate infrastructure needed to integrate the women. This Paper, therefore, investigates the extent to which women (especially the low income) are involved in the process of foodstuff distribution. It also determine the spatio-temporal dimensions of their urban travel patterns in the movement and distribution of farm produce from farms to designated market points and to the zones of its accessibility to urban households. It also examines the various constraints faced by women in food distribution and marketing processes. Furthermore, the implications of the above is used to develop policy reforms that would sensitize the mainstream of transport policy and planning, with a view to harnessing more gender-sensitive policy that will cater for the needs of these lowªincome women in particular.

4 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

012678   Mina H L;Sethi N K (NO, , ) : Selection of daily and hourly volumes for determination of facility type provision. Indian Highw 2007, 35(11), 39-44.

6 illus, 4 tables, 10 ref

012677   Matane H D (Co-op Soc, , Mogul Lane, mahim, Mumbai) : Caisson P-e, weight 1,200 MT, tilt 1 in 2, Shift 3.00 m, sunk 11.109 M, fully ectified location-vasai creek rly bridge No.73. Indian Highw 2007, 35(10), 45-9.

The Paper pertains to foundation No.2 of New Vasai Creek Railway Bridge, bridge No.73, recently completed for the Western Railways. This foundation had badly tilted to 1 in 2, and also had shift of 3.00 m, at the bottom and 6.44 m at the top. The well was slink to 11. 1 09 m below bed in the creek. At tide of 2.24 m only 300 mm tip of the inner well strakes were visible, Photos 1 & 2. Being single well foundation, there was no question of replacing the well by removal etc. The well was in sound condition and tilt was uniform from top of the well to the cutting edge. A novel solution was needed to evolve the rectification of the foundation and make it useful. This was evolved, executed and the well rectified.

4 illus

012676   Kundu K;Bhattacharya T K (Mechanical Engineering and Development Organisation (CSIR), , Gill Road, Ludhiana-141 006, Email: krishnendu825@rediffmail.com) : Exhaust emission characteristics of a diesel engine running on Jatropha biodiesel. J Ecofriendly Agric 2006, 1(2), 100-4.

Study was conducted to assess the exhaust emission characteristics of a stationary constant speed diesel engine running on different blends of jatropha ethyl and methyl ester with diesel, pure jatropha ethyl and methyl ester and diesel. This type of engine is commercially used in large scale on small diesel gensets. The blends of jatropha esters and diesel showed lower or similar emission of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) in comparison to diesel at every selected brake load condition. CO and HC emission from the engine was higher on jatropha methyl ester blends in comparison to jatropha ethyl ester blends. NO_x (No + NO₂) emission on all the esterified fuel blends was observed to be higher than that of diesel. Emission of nitrogen dioxides (NO_x) from ethyl ester-diesel blends was higher than that of methyl ester-diesel blends. Increasing the quantity of ethyl or methyl ester in the ester-diesel blend increased the quantity of NO_x emission.

4 illus, 10 ref

012675   Johnson M E C (Limnology Lab, Botany Dep, Osmania Univ College for Women, Koti, Hyderabad-500 195) : Geo- chemical analysis of groundwater of Hyderabad, India. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2007, 9(3), 721-2.

The quality of ground waters based on certain chemical parameters like pH, Chlorides, Nitrates and phosphates were analysed during the study period . Seasonal variations in the pre- monsoon and post -monsoon seasons were observed. The suitability of these parameters with the drinking waters standard given by WHO( 1984) and 1SI (1 983 ) have been discussed.

2 tables, 9 ref

012674   Ibrahim Bathusha M;Saseetharan M K (Civil Engng Dep, PSG Coll of Technol, Coimbatore-641 004) : Assessment of surface water quality in eight major ponds of Coimbatore city and potential risk on ground water quality. J envir Sci Engng 2007, 49(4), 297-308.

Water samples were collected from eight different water tanks located in the Coimbatore city during the study period of six months. Major surface water quality parameters such as turbidity, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, chlorides, hardness, COD, BOP, DO, alkalinity, Calcium, Sodium, Sodium Absorption Ratio and Potassium were analysed. It was observed that the water quality gets deteriorated due to the continuous discharge / entry of domestic / industrial wastewater into these tanks. It was noted that the concentrations of all parameters follow a rising trend of variation with the time. Measures for the minimisation of organic load and suspended solids loading are to be made. It is evident that the discharges of domestic and industrial sewage into these ponds cause the deterioration in the water quality over the period.

2 illus, 6 tables, 14 ref

012673   Gawandi V B;Sawant A D (Chem Dep, Inst of Scie, 15, Madam Cama Road, Mumbai-400 032) : Comparative study of the treatment techniques for controlling THM-precursors in raw and drinking water. J envir Sci Engng 2007, 49(4), 283-6.

Silica gel adsorption, strong base anion exchange IRA 400-0H from resin were evaluated for the treatment of trihalomethane precursors present in raw and drinking water. A powdered silica gel having 60 to 120 mesh size and a previously dried IRA 400-0H form resin having 20-50 mesh size have been applied to artificial water samples and a specific analytical approach was used for selective removal of humic acid present in the water. This study aims to evaluate the role of contact time, pH, adsorption dose, concentration of humic acid (H.A.), flow rate on the reduction of THM-precursors as a result of adsorption of H.A. while passing raw water through silica gel and IRA 400 OH form resin column. Freundlich adsorption isotherm constants K for silica gel and IRA 400 - OH form resin were determined as 1.13 x 10^-3 and 4.2 x 10^-3 mg/g respectively and 1/n were found to be 0.9927 and 1.069 respectively.

6 illus, 12 ref

012672   Dubey S K (NO, , Balaji Nagar, Near Swami Vivekanand School, Mongroll by pass, Baran-325 205) : Computation of minimum compaction time for a given areas. Indian Highw 2007, 35(10), 57.

1 illus

012671   Chauhan M S;Mittal S;Mohanty B (Civil Engng Dep, Indian Inst of Technol, Roorkee) : Laboratory evaluation of fibre reinforced clayey subgrade. Indian Highw 2007, 35(11), 73-82.

In this Paper, the effectiveness of fibre reinforcement (coir fibre and synthetic fibre) in subgrade soil has been studied from strength point of view. The permanent strain, resilient strain behavior and resilient modulus of sub grade soil have been determined in the laboratory. A value of 10% (20 mm) strain is taken as the failure criteria for the subgrade for pavement in rural area. A subgrade soil of clayey type and two different types of fibres varying in their tensile strength and coefficient of friction were used. Repeated triaxial tests on samples, unrein forced and reinforced at the optimum content of fibre, were carried out at a confining pressure of 25, 50 and 75 kN/m² and a stress level of 153 kN/m² and 204 kN/m² producing six different deviator stresses. It is concluded from this study that both the permanent and resilient strains in all materials decrease with confining pressure but increase with the number of load cycles and deviator stress in reinforced and unreinforced conditions. Further, the resilient modulus decreases with the number of load cycles and deviator stress and increases with the confining pressure. Coir fibre shows better resilient response against synthetic fibre by applying higher coefficient of friction.

19 illus, 3 tables, 5 ref

012670   Bagish B P (NO, , C-2/2013, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi-110-170) : Evaluation and comparison of pile capacity by static, dynamic and wave equation method. Indian Highw 2007, 35(9), 9-17.

ASTM D4945 code prescribes dynamic load test of piles and wave simulation whereas IS:2911 and IRc: 78 are silent on these tests and refer only about static load test of piles. As per ASTM and BIS, 11 Bored piles of different diameter were tested at different location.The load settlement history of test piles, TP I and TP II of Bridge sites, by static load method was compared with the same obtained by dynamic test and wave method for better calibration and understanding of State of Art of these methods. It was also found that the results of dynamic load tests as well as wave simulation in all 11 piles correlate reasonably well. Shaft reaction, toe reaction and net settlement are also in good agreement. It further indicated that the subject piles are free from potential defects of discontinuity, cracks or honey combing etc.

9 illus, 4 tables, 4 ref

012669   Anil Kumar;Singh P K H (Project Setuk, Border Roads Organisation, , ) : Detailing of cutting edges for cassion/well in Bouldery strata. Indian Highw 2007, 35(7), 45-52.

Construction of permanent bridges in sub-mountainous regions always remains a matter of challenge because of the bouldery strata and pecularity of the behaviour of the river. Sinking of wells in such regions due to bouldery strata remains a major issue of concern. The cutting edge as specified in IRC-78, fails to address the problem and it is experienced that a properly designed and detailed cutting edge is necessary to progress the well sinking operation properly in such region. It is better to be generous in providing a strong cutting edge than suffering at a later stage in rectification subsequently. The cutting edge should not be given the inner plate in isolation which may lead to falling off from kerb. Further the use of angle iron of size not less than 150 mm* 150 mm* 12 mm, preferably of high tensile steel and with stiffeners between the legs of the angle at a spacing of 150 mm be made mandatory. This paper discusses about the design of cutting edge adopted for various bridges in such bouldery river bed for sinking of wells and the damage suffered by these edges during the sinking process and measures taken to overcome such problems including the amendments needed in the codal provision to address such situation effectively

10 ref

012668   Ahamad K U;Jawed M (Civil Engng, Indian Inst of Technol, Guwahati-781 039, Email: jawed@iitg.ernet.in) : Evaluation of media used in indigenous household iron filter units of rural and semi-urban Assam, India. J envir Sci Engng 2007, 49(4), 241-6.

Ground water, the major source of drinking water in rural and semi-urban areas of Assam, contains an excessive amount of iron varying from 1 to 10 mg/L or more. People in Assam invariably use household iron filter units-indigenously developed using locally available wooden charcoal and river sand as filter media. The present work is aimed to evaluate effectiveness of wooden charcoal and river sand for its iron adsorption capacity. The experiments were carried at a fixed pH of 5.5 with zero dissolved oxygen levels. Batch kinetic studies indicated rapid uptake of Fe(II) by wooden charcoal in the first 20 min. while the uptake with sand was relatively slower. The adsorption seemed to govern by diffusion within pores of adsorbents and Fe(II) removal mechanism appeared to be complex. Equilibrium studies indicated favorable adsorption of Fe(II) on both adsorbents and followed Langmuir isotherm. Column studies indicated relatively quicker breakthrough through sand bed as compared to charcoal bed. Overall, wooden charcoal and sand both seemed to have potentials for Fe(II) removal.

9 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

012667    (NO, , CMA Tower, A-2 E, Sect-24, Noida-201 301, Email: cmand@vsnl.com) : Lie cycle cost analysis of cement concrete roads vs bituminous roads. Indian Highw 2007, 35(9), 19-25.

1 table

012666    (NO, , ) : Standard specifications and code of practice for slurry seal and microsurfacing. Indian Highw 2007, 35(8), 21-30.

1 illus, 10 table, 3 ref

012665    (NO, , ) : Specification for bituminous macadam. Indian Highw 2007, 35(8), 9-19.

6 tables

011583   Verman M;Rao P S K M (NO, AIMIL Ltd., ) : Application of ground penetrating radar for road pavements and bridge structures. Indian Highw 2007, 35(6), 33-7.

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a versatile geophysical instrument which is used to "see" things behind non-metallic surfaces, such as, soil, rock, wood, concrete etc. Over the years, it has found many applications in varied fields such as, infrastructure, geotechnical, mining & quarrying, forensics & archaeology, agriculture, forestry, bathymetric, buried utilities, NDT, pavements etc. GPR uses electromagnetic fields to probe lossy dielectric materials to detect structures and changes in material properties within the materials. It emits a pulse into the ground and records echoes from changes in the ground. It builds an image from the echoes. A range of Non-Destructive Tests (NDT) can be carried out to assess the integrity of pavements and highway structures. In recent years, GPR has emerged as an effective NDT method for pavements and concrete and masonry structures and the GPR manufacturers have come out with specially made variants of GPR for pavements and concrete structures.

9 illus

011582   Sharma R C (Cryogenics Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Tenhnology, P.O.Cat, Indore-452 013) : Low cost vacuum value for crygenics applications. Indian J Cryogenics 2005, 30(4), 209.

High vacuum of the order of 10^-5 mbar or better is an essential requirement for an effective cryogenic insulation, including multilayer insulation. Sometimes dynamic pumping is used for achieving the above vacuum level. It is a common observation, in case of a vacuum tight cryostat, initially evacuated to 10^-3 mbar and sealed, once liquid nitrogen is added, the vacuum level drops to the desired level of 10^-5 mbar. For such cryogenic system a leak tight valve is necessary. A reliable leak proof valve has been constructed.

ref

011581   Sarkar P K;Ahmad S A (School of Planning and Architecture, , New Delhi, Email: pksarkar@ndf.vsnl.met.in) : Traffic management through signal coordination by using transyt on an urban arterial of Delhi. Indian Highw 2007, 35(3), 29-34.

8 illus, 2 tables, 3 ref

011580   Sarkar P K;Aggarwal S (Transport Planning Dep, School of Planning & Architecture, , New Delhi) : Evaluation of alternative alignments for an expressway corridor based on the concept of `sustainability'. Indian Highw 2007, 35(1), 31-43.

This Paper explains an approach towards developing an evaluation framework by examining various Alternative Alignments for an expressway corridor. The case study was Raipur-Durg Expressway, a part of Chattisgarh Infrastructure Development Corporation (CIDC)'s proposed project. The objective of study is to select the "Most Sustainable" and the "Least Impact" alignment among the given options. A number of criteria such as environmental, social, economic and traffic have been considered to arrive at the least impact and sustainable alternative.

16 tables, 6 ref

011579   Saboj Kumar;Das H;Pattanayak S C (NO, Cryogenic Engineering Centre, IIT Kharagpur-721 302) : Food freezing process in industrial perspective. Indian J Cryogenics 2005, 30(4), 179-86.

Freezing is a method of preserving foods based on lowering of the temperature from ambient to a level well below 0°C, arresting the activity of food spoiling and poisoning organisms. Use of the freezing technique for long-term preservation of foods is now a well-established process in the food industry. While freezing offers several advantages when compared with other methods of food preservation, there are several design and operating characteristics that must be understood and carefully controlled to optimize the performance of a freezing system. The freezing temperature should be chosen so that the desired or necessary storage time can be achieved economically. Optimal design and operation of food freezers requires the economic compromise between capital expenditure and operating cost. The optimal freezer will completely freeze the product at the desired production rate with low weight loss and minimum quality deterioration for total low cost. Discusses about the present day freezers used for industrial uses and compares them with each other in connection with different freezing characteristics.

6 tables, 12 ref

011578   Phull Y R;Jagannatha Rao P (NO, Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi-110 020) : Assuring fatigue adequacy of concrete pavements: some essential needs. Indian Highw 2007, 35(3), 9-19.

Performance assurance of concrete pavements on a sustained basis calls for assuring their adequacy both structurally and functionally, not just initially, but over the entire design life of the pavement. This paper addresses the structural aspect with particular reference to pavement fatigue in order to study its impact on the pavement design methodology and quality control stipulations. The conventional practice towards assuring adequacy of fatigue life depends on adequately stipulating and assuring the pavement parameters which influence it-especially, concrete strength and thickness. But do the current Indian quality control/acceptance standards take duly into account the sensitivity of fatigue life of the pavement to the control parameters? The Paper attempts a pragmatic, approximate analysis to bring out the high sensitivity of fatigue life of concrete pavement vis-a-vis main design parameters utilizing the US Portland Cement Association correlations (adopted in IRC:58-2002) for allowable load repetitions, and examines the quality control/ acceptance stipulations of IRC: 15ª2002 in its light. The analysis clearly brings out the need for stricter quality/acceptance standards in the interest of assuring the achievement of requisite performance of the pavement in terms of realizing the assumed design life in actual service. The need for further refinement of IRC:58-2002 on pavement design from fatigue considerations is also brought out.

1 illus, 6 tables, 8 ref

011577   Pathak P P;Mishra A K (Construction Div-4, , U.P. P.W.D., Kanpur) : Performance of emulsified bitumen in prime coat. Indian Highw 2007, 35(2), 9-12.

6 tables, 8 ref

011576   Pal S;Dey R;Bhandari R K (NO, , Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata-700 064) : Quench detection and trigger cricuit for protecing K-500 main magnet superconducting coil. Indian J Cryogenics 2005, 30(4), 187-90.

Quench protection system of a superconducting magnet of K-500 superconducting cyclotron envisages different actions to save the coil. All the key features have been discussed here. It detects the quench and sends a trigger signal to the associated circuit breaker contactor for isolating power converter, for connecting the fast dump resistor circuit to decay stored energy and for monitoring during operation of pre-trigger.

3 illus, 6 ref

011575   Nanda P K (NO, CRRI, New Delhi-110 020) : Non-distructive pavement structure evaluation for road asset management. Indian Highw 2007, 35(6), 23-6.

011574   Nadaf M D;Latua S (Project Implementation Unit, Karnataka State Highways Improvement Project, K.R. Cirlce, Bangalore, Karnataka) : Borrow area management in KSHIP. Indian Highw 2007, 35(4), 57-63.

2 tables

011573   Mounissamy P;Kaliammal A (NO, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu) : Promoting effective use of electronic resources using library websites by IITs and NITs : a comparative study. IASLIC Bull 2006, 51(4), 213-20.

The publishing industries are increasingly using WWW for providing online information resources. The electronic journal subscription by individuals as well as institutions rather than physical holdings is becoming order of the day. IITs and NITs provide access to databases and electronic journals via the online catalog and the Web to the end-users. This research article describes the experiences and promotional ways adopted in th elibraries of IITs and NITs for the effectie use of electronic resources using Library web sites.

5 ref

011572   Mane M S;Singh D K;Singh A K;Bhattacharya A K (Agricultural Engineering Div, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 067) : Development of GIS interface Con2grid for groundwater model. Curr Sci 2007, 92(9), 1297-1302.

Attempt was made to develop an interface for preparing the data file required for MODFLOW. ArcInfo interface Con2grid for groundwater flow model PMWIN was built as an extension for facilitating the simulation of groundwater behaviour. The extension includes preprocessing of spatially distributed (point, line and polygon) data for model input and post-processing of model output. With the help of ArcInfo interface, any coverage of spatially distributed data can be converted into ASCII files of user-defined grid dimenªsions. The pre- and post-processing capabilities of Con2grid were demonstrated for simulation of groundªwater behaviour in western Indo-Gangetic Plains, Uttar Pradesh.

8 illus, 4 tables, 12 ref

011571   Mandal M;Panda K C (National Institute fo Technology, , Durgapur, West Bengal) : E-learning a new challenge to engineering education. IASLIC Bull 2006, 51(4), 234-41.

Provides an insight into the concept of E-learning along with its criterions. Distinguishes E-learning from C-learining. Explains luciadly how there is a prardigm shift from the traditional system of learning. Discusses the need of E-learning in Engineering Education and enumerates mine principal benefits of E-learning. Describes the operational facets fo E-learning systems through a schematic diagram and vividly enlists the major E-learning standards and products available.

1 illus, 5 ref

011570   Madalli D P;Manju P U (Documentation Research and Trianing Centre, Indian statistical Institute, Bangalore) : Online digital asset creation : Technology and standards. IASLIC Bull 2007, 52(2), 105-14.

Digital library initiatives in India consist of either born digital resources or material that is retro-converted from hard copies while some are hybrid having both the types. Majority of the digital libraries have some kind of digitization activity like the partner projects of the Universal Digital Library project or the mammoth National Manuscript Mission digitization project. Often before embarking on digitization projects, implemente are (aced with various steps in decision making regarding components such as hardware and software, storage devices and network options. In addition, they also need to make the right decision on what formats to store the digitized collection in, how to manipulate the data, organizing techniques and adhering to world standards that are applicable at different stages in the project. This paper leverages the experiences of the DRTC digital library of seminar and conference proceedings. The paper discusses about the digitization project and the issues and the steps involved in the process of digitization. The paper also outlines some of the standards followed in the process, and the formats used for the digital file storage.

1 table, 14 ref

011569   Kar S;et. al. (NO, Nuclear Science Centre, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-67) : Performance studies of different cooling techniques used for LINAC cryostat of superconducting linear accelerator at NSC. Indian J Cryogenics 2005, 30(4), 197-200.

Cryostats for superconducting resonators of NSC LINAC have been designed in order to meet the requirements of both using liquid helium at 4.2K and liquid nitrogen for the thermal shield. Three cryostats have already been integrated with the LINAC beam line. Certain techniques followed to cool the cryostats, is described.

2 illus, 5 ref

011568   Kandhal P S (NO, US National Center for Asphalt Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, Email: pkandhal@eng.auburn.edu) : Overview of the viscosity grading system adopted in India for paving bitumen. Indian Highw 2007, 35(4), 25-36.

Viscosity graded system has recently been adopted in India for paving bitumen based on IS 73:2006 Paving Bitumen - Specification (Third Revision) issued in July 2006. The viscosity grading system replaces a 100-year old penetration grading system. This system specifies paving bitumen by viscosity at 60°C rather than penetration at 25°C. Reviews the history of grading paving bitumen over the last 125 years. The progression of grading systems: grading by chewing, penetration grading, viscosity grading, and Superpave performance grading, has been discussed with their respective advantages and disadvantages. Gives an overview of the newly adopted viscosity grading system to acquaint highway engineers, contractors, suppliers, and consultants with it to make the necessary change over from penetration grades to viscosity grades in practice. The new Viscosity Graded (VG) bitumen specification has been compared with the old penetration graded bitumen specification. Selection criteria for VG grades based on climate and traffic has been recommended. Recommendations have also been made to implement the VG grades as soon as possible to improve the consistency, quality, and durability of bituminous pavements in India: Information about the viscosity test such as testing equipment, testing procedure, and estimated cost of the equipment has been given.

9 illus, 5 tables, 20 ref

011567   Joshi S (NO, IDDC Engineers Pvt. Ltd., 96, Jawaharnagar, Goregaon West, Mumbai-400, , Email: iddcindia@yahoo.co.in) : Bridge asset management program. Indian Highw 2007, 35(1), 45-50.

Bridges form an important asset of the national highway network. Development of extensive highway network has increased the need to maintain the bridges in proper conditions. The Paper outlines the need to implement a detailed bridge inspection program to enable implementation of a standard Bridge Asset Management Plan (BAMP), and the procedure to be followed for the various types of inspection programs and the frequency to be followed including bridge inspection schedule. The Paper stresses the need for qualified bridge inspectors with proper training and up gradation in their skills. Formats for bridge database creation, inspection and testing have also been presented. The Paper also defines the testing regime that can be adopted for various needs. Emphasis has been made on the need to evolve a National Bridge Inspection system and integrate the same as Bridge Asset Management Plan to be implemented even by every local body. Such a plan shall also address the needs of distress management plan of the local area. The public safety consideration and proper utilization of public funds are addressed properly by adopting such a total bridge asset management plan.

11 ref

011566   Jena S K;Tiwari K N (NO, Water Technology Centre for Eastern Region (ICAR), Bhubneswar-751 023) : Hydrologic non-point source pollution models for agricultural watersheds. Indian J Soil Conserv 2007, 35(1), 13-20.

Review on different hydrologic non-point source pollution (NPS) modeling used for agricultural watershed planning and management is discussed. The commonly used hydrological and NPS models are grouped into three categories viz. field scale, event based watershed scale and continuous watershed scale for selection of the appropriate model. The performance of different models under different conditions and criteria of selection and their merit and demerits are also discussed. Among event based watershed models. ANSWER model provides most consistent results for sediment prediction. However, if remote sensing and GIS is used for generating data on grid basis with sufficient number of events and proper care is taken during calibration, AGNPS models gives the best results for prediction of runoff and sediment.

^iia56 ref

011565   Inamdar S S;Sandhya D;Sonal R S (Chemical Engng Dep, S.D.M. Coll of Engineering and Technol, Dharward-580 002) : Petroleum fermentation (synthesis of single celi protein using hydrocarbon substrate, N-paraffin). Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2007, 9(2), 441-3.

Reports the fact that the process of Petroleum Fermentation is used to synthesize the Single Cell Protein (SCP). It depicts the nutritional value of SCP and its possibility for improving the protein supply. Petroleum Fermentation or in general Hydrocarbon Fermentation is a process that produces the edible yeast Candida Lypolytica. It is grown on an aqueous salt medium with various oil fractions as the hydrocarbon substrate. Inorganic N-P-K agricultural fertilizers provide the salt and the nitrogen for aqueous medium and the fermentation is continuous. During its growth, the yeast removes the paraffin from the oil to bring about dewaxing, thus yielding as a byproduct. The yeast cells recovered from this fermentation contain a nutritionally balanced protein that should find use as a food supplement in the under nourished areas of the world.

1 illus, 2 tables, 1 ref

011564   Gupta P K;Sharma R C;Kush P K (Cryogenics Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore-452 013) : Develoment of cross-counter-flow heat exchange for cryogenic temperture range. Indian J Cryogenics 2005, 30(4), 201-8.

Design and development of coiled finned tube heat exchangers for use in the set up of a cryogenic system are carried out. Design prediction and actual experimental results show a close match on the hot side of heat exchanger while on the cold side the experimental values show little variation. Tests are performed with nitrogen ges as working fluid.

8 illus, 1 tables, 8 ref