013345   Luitel B P;Khatri B B;Choudhary D;Kadian M S; Arya S;Bonierbale M (National Potato Research Programme (NPRP), Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), Lalitpur, Nepal, Email: binodsan@yahoo.com) : Evaluation of advanced potato clones for plant and yield characters at high hills of Nepal. Potato J 2016, 43(2), 118-24.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the performance of advanced potato clones at high hills of Nepal during 2013-2014. Eight advanced potato clones were evaluated with locally adapted variety 'Lady Rosita' at Nigaley Farm of Sindhupalchowk and farmers' field of Dolakha, as an on-station and on-farm experiments, respectively. The plant morphological, late blight disease, and yield characters of potato clones were studied in the both years. CIP 393073.179 and CIP 395112.32 were found resistant to late blight disease in both years. Total tuber number/plant, and marketable yield (t/ha) were highly significant (P≤0.01) among the clones. CIP 395112.32 produced the highest marketable tuber yield (18.5 t/ha) followed by CIP 393073.179 (16.5 t/ha) in on-station and on-farm trials in both years. Clone CIP 395112.32 possessed late blight resistance and better yield, and acceptable rank of tuber appearance, taste and texture as compared to other clones. CIP 395112.32 is recommended to scaleup for farmers in potato cultivation. The adoption of this clone as variety will increase the potato production and improve the food, and nutritional security in project targeted areas.

5 tables, 15 ref

013344   Kumari V;Agrawal R;Amrender Kumar (NO, Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi-110 012, Email: vandita.iasri@gmail.com) : Use of ordinal logistic regression in crop yield forecasting. Mausam 2016, 67(4), 913-18.

The performance of ordinal logistic regression and discriminant function analysis has been compared in crop yield forecasting of wheat crop for Kanpur district of Uttar Pradesh. Crop years were divided into two or three groups based on the detrended yield. Crop yield forecast models have been developed using probabilities obtained through ordinal logistic regression along with year as regressors and validated using subsequent years data. In discriminant function approach two types of models were developed, one using scores and another using posterior probabilities. Performance of the models obtained at different weeks was compared using Adj R2, PRESS (Predicted error sum of square), number of misclassifications and forecasts were compared using RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) and MAPE (Mean absolute percentage error) of forecast. Ordinal logistic regression based approach was found to be better than discriminant function analysis approach.

4 tables, 9 ref

013343   Kumar S;Sekhon P S;Kaur J (Plant Pathology Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: vermasanjay021991@gmail.com) : Status and etiology of potato dry rot in Punjab under cold store conditions. Potato J 2016, 43(2), 182-92.

Tubers collected from different cold stores of Punjab were analyzed for the presence of dry rot infection. Highest disease incidence was recorded in seed lots collected from district Jalandhar (3.3 to 90.0%) followed by Hoshiarpur (22.5-50.0%). On subsequent isolations made from infected samples yielded twenty four isolates (F1 to F24) of Fusarium spp. They were identified on the basis of morphological and cultural characters and confirmation of the species was also done by primers specific for four different Fusarium spp. (F. coeruleum, F. sulphureum, F. culmorum and F. avenaceum) known to be associated with dry rot of potato. On the basis of morphological, cultural characters and PCR results F1 - F11 isolates were identified as F. avenaceum; whereas F16, F18 to F24 isolates were identified as F. culmorum. The amplicons of 294 and 592 bp were obtained by primers specific for F. avenaceum and F. culmorum, respectively. Five isolates F12 - F15 and F17 were identified as Fusarium sambucinum on the basis of cultural and morphological characters only which needs further investigations. All the isolates were tested for the pathogenicity on asymptomatic potato tubers of cv. Kufri Pukhraj at two different temperatures i.e. 4°C and 10°C. F. culmorum was found more virulent followed by F. avenaceum and F. sambucinum, causing significantly larger lesions at both 4°C and - 398 - 10°C storage temperatures. Most virulent isolates of different Fusarium spp. were used to test disease reaction on six common cultivars of potato. Gautama cultivar was found highly susceptible to dry rot followed by Kufri Pukhraj.

4 illus, 7 tables, 27 ref

013342   Kumar M;Hazra T;Tripathy S S (ECE Dep, BIT Mesra, Ranchi) : Wheat leaf disease detection using image processing. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(4), 73-6.

India is a agricultural based county where approx 70% of population depend on agriculture. Now a days the plant disease detection is very important because agriculture is the backbone of the county like india. Farmer is not aware what type of disease plant having and how to prevent them from these diseases. To overcome from these we are going to develop a technique in which we can able to detect plant disease using image processing technique. This includes following steps: image acquisition image pre-processing, feature extraction and at last we apply a classifier know as neural network.

7 ref

013341   Kudari M B;Patil S L;Biradar N (Agricultural Extension Education Dep, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005, Email: manjukudari@gmail.com) : Relationship between socio-economic characteristics of farmers and perceived attributed of precision farming. Int J agric statist Sci 2017, 13(1), 145-8.

The present study was conducted in Bagalkot, Belgaum, Dharwad and Haveri districts of Karnataka State during the year 2013-14. The Ex-post-facto research design was used for the study. These districts were purposively selected for research study as - 397 - Precision Farming Project under RKVY was implemented by UAS Dharwad in these districts during the year 2011-2012. All the 76 farmers covered under Precision Farming Project implemented constituted the sample of the study. Four out of ten variables namely extension contact, mass media participation, innovative proneness and crop productivity exhibited positive and significant relationship with all attributes of precision farming whereas, material possession exhibited negatively significant relationship with all the attributes of precision farming. All the ten variables taken together contributed to 57.80 per cent variation in the preception of relative advantage, 58.00 per cent variation in perception of compatibility, 71.00 per cent variation in the perception of complexity, 57.40 per cent variation in the perception of trialability and 5.80 per cent of variation in the perception of observability of percision farming. Only one variable namely crop productivity contributed significantly towards variation in the perception of precision farming by the farmers.

6 tables, 4 ref

013340   Kudari M B;Patil S L (Agricultural Extension Dep, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005, Email: manjukudari@gmail.com) : Perception of precision farming practices by the farmers. Int J agric statist Sci 2017, 13(1), 297-301.

The present study was conducted in Bagalkot, Belgaum, Dharwad and Haveri districts of Karnataka State during the year 2013-14. The Ex-post-facto research design was used for the study. These districts were purposively selected for research study as Precision Farming Project under RKVY was implemented by UAS Dharwad in these districts during the year 2011-2012. All the 76 farmers covered under Precision Farming Project implemented by UAS Dharwad constituted the sample of the study. The findings with respect to relative advantages indicated that majority of the farmers strongly agree with precision farming helps to apply nutrients based on soil variability (80.26%). Pertaining to compatibility attribute majority of the farmers strongly agree with precision farming practices suits for all types of soils (77.63%). With respect to complexity attribute majority of the farmers strongly agree with precision farming practices are difficult to adopt (75.00%). Regarding to trialability attribute majority of the farmers strongly agree with precision farming practices can be tried on all types of soils (76.32%). In case of observability attribute majority of the farmers strongly agree with saving or optimum utilization of chemical fertilizers (68.42%) and grid wise increase in yield can be observed (64.47%).

5 tables, 5 ref

013339   Kolkilaani S;Panneerselvam S;Balasubramanian T N (Agro Climate Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore-641 003, Email: kokiacrc@gmail.com) : Rainfall study for dry land areas of selected districts of Tamil Nadu for crop planning. Mausam 2016, , 869-78.

Monthly rainfall data for 90 years from 1911 to 2000 and recent years weekly rainfall data from 1981 to 2010 for 30 years were collected from India Meteorological Department and used for analysis to propose alternate crops under dry land situation of three selected districts of Tamil Nadu (Dharmapuri, Tirunelveli and Villupuram). Based on the geographical location, the annual mean rainfall of the three selected districts did vary indicating spatial variability of rainfall in Tamil Nadu. The length of growing period was analysed employing three different methods namely Hargreave's Moisture Availability Index, Jeevananda Reddy 14 weeks moving average and FAO water balance model. Conditional probability index was also computed for weeding and plant protection measures for the three districts. Under dry land situation, the shorter scale weekly rainfall analysis revealed 16 weeks growing period for Dharmapuri district and suggested crops were maize, ragi and mixture of sorghum, red gram and mochai. In respect of Tirunelveli district, the identified growing weeks were 12 and scientifically lesser Evapo-Transpiration requirement crops like pulses and minor millets had been suggested. For Villupuram district, the growing period was 16 weeks and hence groundnut, sesame, maize, varagu and soybean had been suggested against cotton.

1 illus, 9 tables, 15 ref

013338   Kirnak H;Gokalp Z;Dogan E;Copur O (NO, Harran Univ, Agricultural Faculty, Field Crops Dep, Sanliurfa, Turkey, Email: zekigokalp@yahoo.com) : Effects of irrigation, soil compaction and fertilization treatment physiological - vegetyative characteristics and root development of soybean. Legume Res 2016, 39(1), 52-60.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of different soil compaction levels (non-compacted control, low compaction, high compaction), irrigation management practices (conventional furrow and alternate furrow) and nitrogenous fertilizer levels (60, 90, 120 kg ha^-1) on vegetative characteristics (dry biomass production, plant height, number of branch and number of pod per plant, height of the first pod, leaf area index, stem diameter), physiological characteristics (leaf relative water content, leaf chlorophyll content and leaf temperature) and root development through 0 - 80 cm soil profile of soybean grown in Harran Plain of Turkey. Experiments were conducted in Sanliurfa Province of Turkey in split-split plots experimental design with 3 replications during the years of 2006 and 2007. Irrigation program was created by using KanSched simulation model. The amount of applied irrigation water in conventional and alternate furrow systems in 2006 and 2007 were measured as 435.61 and 291.59 mm, and 429.51 and 271.72 mm, respectively. While the highest yield (947.8 kg ha^-1) was observed in control treatment of the year 2006, conventional furrow system had the highest yield (2099.3 kg ha^-1) in the year 2007. Soil compaction, irrigation and nitrogenous fertilization in general had significant effects on entire vegetative characteristics investigated in the present study. Increasing compaction levels yielded decreasing plant height, stem diameter and leaf area indexes. Biomass production increased with increasing nitrogen doses. Results indicated that negative impacts of soil compaction in agricultural fields due to traffic and various other reasons could be eliminated with proper irrigation and fertilization implementations.

9 tables, 24 ref

013337   Khatoon U;Dubey R K;Singh V;Upadhyay G;Pandey A K;Pandey S (College of Horticulture & Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat-791 102, Email: rksdubey@gmail.com) : Genetic diversity of ridge gourd [Luffa acutangula (Roxb.) L] based on agro-morphologic traits. Int J agric statist Sci 2017, 13(1), 221-6.

Forty ridge gourd genotypes of Indian origin were evaluated for agro-morphologic traits to assess geographic patterns of phenotypic diversity and to identify whether there are specific areas of high diversity for particular traits. Fifteen quantitative characters were taken into consideration. Cluster analysis was used for grouping of genotypes and grouped into six clusters. Cluster I had maximum (10) and cluster V had the minimum number (1) of genotypes. Highest (54.518) inter cluster distance was observed between cluster IV and VI and lowest (12.310) between cluster I and II. Cluster VI (D² = 24.606) has exhibited highest intra cluster distance and lowest was observed in cluster I (D² = 7.885). Days to Ist staminate flower, number of fruit per plant and days to first fruit harvest contributed maximum towards divergence. Genetic divergence among 40 genotypes revealed that the genotypes CHFRG10 and CHFRG22 from cluster IV, CHFRG28 from cluster II and CHFRG30 from cluster I were found to be superior for most of the yield components and fruit quality traits.

1 illus, 6 tables, 12 ref

013336   Khan M;Hasija R C;Hooda B K;Tanwar N;Banti Kumar (Mathematics, Statistics and Physics Dep, C.C.S.H.A.U., Hisar-125 004, Email: mkhanstat@gmail.com) : Relative efficiency of experimental designs in relation to various size and shape of plots and blocks in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) crop. Int J agric statist Sci 2017, 13(1), 253-8.

Uniform crop of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) was raised during 2013-14 rabi season over an area of 48m x 48m at the CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The efficiency of various designs was compared using the uniformity trial data. It was found that when the plots were elongated in E-W direction, randomized block design (RBD) was more efficient in reducing error variation over completely ramdomized design (CRD). Latin square design (LSD) was found superior to CRD (56% gain in efficiency for 5x5 order LSD) as well as over RBD only when the columns were considered as blocks (28% gain in efficiency for 5x5 order LSD). Split plot design was more efficient than RBD on comparison with sub plots (6.60% gain in precision). In case of factorial experiments, the confounding resulted in a gain in information, but the gain was very small (2.77% for 3 plots block in 3³ factorial experimenets).

5 illus, 5 tables, 7 ref

013335   Kayakumar M;Rajavel M;Vijayalakshmi C K; Rahiman P A (NO, , Regional Coffee Research Station, Coffee Board, Chundale, Wayanad, Kerala, Email: agrokumar2013@gmail.com) : Weather based forewaring models for coffee berry borer and shot hole borer in Wayanand, Kerala. Mausam 2016, 67(4), 879-86.

Pest damage due to coffee berry borer and shot hole borer in coffee plantations in Regional Coffee Research Station, Chundale and data on weather parameters were recorded during 1977 to 2007 (30 years). These long- term data on the pest damage and weather parameters were utilized to study the influence of weather variables on coffee berry and shot hole borer incidence with a view to develop weather based forewarning models for coffee berry borer and shot hole borer damage in Wayanad. The damage of coffee berry borer (CBB) was observed to be significant during January to March while the damage of shot hole borer (SHB) was spread during January to April and October to December. Highest percent damage of coffee berry borer and shot hole borer was observed during first fortnight of January. Maximum damage due to coffee berry borer was observed during 1982 and maximum damage due to shot hole borer was observed in 1994. Maximum temperature recorded during the first fortnight of January is predominant weather variable determining infestation of shot hole borer during first fortnight of January. Harvest and budding stages of the crop suffered heavy incidence of coffee berry borer and shot hole borer, respectively.

7 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

013334   Kashem M A;Rafii M Y;Mondal M M A;Islam M S; Latif M A (Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, , Mymensingh, Bangladesh, Email: alatif1965@yahoo.com) : Effect of times and levels of inoculum of Trichoderma for controlling root rot and collar rot of lentil. Legume Res 2016, 39(1), 123-8.

The experiments were carried out during 2010 to 2011 to find out the time of application and level of inoculum of T. harzianum for controlling root rot (F. solani) and collar rot (S. rolfsii) of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik). F. solani and S. rolfsii and their antagonist, Trichoderma were collected from different pulses growing areas of Bangladesh. The experiments were carried out following CRD with five replications. Fourteen isolates of Trichoderma were tested against F. solani and S. rolfsii under Dual Culture Technique. The inhibition was ranged from 60.42 to 99.27% at 10 DAI against F. solani and from 64.07-99.41% at 6 DAI against S. rolfsii. The highest inhibition 99.27% against F. solani was found in isolate, Th-2 and 99.41% was found in isolate TG-2 against S. rolfsii. In the pot, the treatment of soil with the Th-2 isolate of T. harzianum at 2g/kg shown the highest germination (96.67%) and plant stand (81.67%) and the lowest root rot (15.52%), where the isolate of TG-2 of T. harzianum at 20g/kg of soil was observed better for controlling S. rolfsii. T. harzianum (Th-2) increased germination (17.86%), plant stand (171.43%), vigour index (33.27%) and yield (260.74%) over control against root rot. T. harzianum (TG-2) also increased germination (248%), plant stand (600%), vigour index (865.91%) and yield (1209.81%) of lentil over control against collar rot. The soil treatment with Trichoderma at 9, 6 and 3 days before sowing and also - 394 - at the time of sowing showed significantly better effect in increasing germination, plant stand and reducing root rot and collar rot compared to control. The highest germination, seed yield and lower root rot was obtained by treating soil with Trichoderma before 9 days of sowing against both the pathogens.

4 illus, 6 tables, 23 ref

013333   Kamble M Y;Kalalbandi B M;Kadam A R;Rohidas S B (Horticulture Dep, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani-431 402, Email: mangeshkamble41@gmail.com) : Effect of organic and inroganic fertilizers on growth, gren pod yield and economics of french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. HPR-35. Legume Res 2016, 39(1), 110-13.

The field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2012. Results revealed that organic and inorganic fertilizers combinations significantly increase the growth and green pod yield of french bean. 100% NPK + PM @ 5 t ha^-1 recorded maximum plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, mean leaf area, length of pod, diameter of pod, number of pod, weight of pod, green pod yield (30.98 q per ha^-1), over other treatments. But in case of highest net returns (48013 ha^-1) and BCR (2.33) was obtained with application of 100% NPK + PM @ 2.5 t ha^-1 and next best treatment was 100% NPK + VC @ 2.5 t ha^-1 BCR (2.11).

2 tables, 10 ref

013332   Kala C;Gangopadhyay S;Godara S L (Plant Pathology Dep, Coollege of Agriculture, Swami Keswanand Rajasthan Univ, Bikaner-334 001, Email: chandarkalagodara@gmail.com) : Eco-friendly management of wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Ciceri in chickpea. Legume Res 2016, 39(1), 129-34.

Antagonistic potentiality of Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens were evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri under in vivo conditions. The effect of organic amendments viz; farm yard manure, vermicompost and mustard cake on disease control potentiality of test antagonists against - 393 - chickpea wilt and on population dynamics of the antagonists and pathogen in soil was also studied. Maximum inhibition of mycelial growth of F. o. f. sp. ciceri was recorded in presence of P. fluorescens (%) followed by T. harzianum (%) and T. viride (%). Seed treatment with P. fluorescens was more effective in suppressing the disease incidence as compared to T. harzianum and T. viride. The disease control efficacy and population dynamics of all the three test antagonists was enhanced in response to application of organic amendments. Among the three organic amendments tested, mustard cake was most effective in enhancing the disease control potentiality of these antagonists.

5 tables, 19 ref

013331   Jyotshna Kumari;Satish Kumar (NO, Amity Univ, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh) : Precision agriculture based on wireless sensor network. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(3), 22-5.

Satellite farming or precision agriculture is a concept based on measurement, observations and response to the inter and intra farm variations in the crops. The growth and advancements in wireless sensor network (WSN) technology has directed agriculture sector into a new trend of smart agriculture. WSN technology provides processing of real time data from field. This is obtained through the sensors which are physically deployed into the fields. These smart agriculture approaches by the help of WSN reduces wastage of resources in farming unlike the conventional practice, and contribute in effectively utilizing the necessary resources resulting in increased crop yields. In this paper wireless agriculture and environment sensing system for crop monitoring is presented. The system test is implemented using the real time agricultural data and from the historical data. The system precisely acquires data and the information from the environment.

8 illus, 10 re

013330   Jeevalatha A;Kaundal P;Ashwani Kumar;Guleria A;Sundaresha S;Pant R P;Sridhar J;Venkateswarlu V;Singh B P (NO, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla-171 001, Email: jeevalatha_a@yahoo.co.in) : SYBR green based duplex RT-qPCR detection of a begomovirus, tomato leaf CURL New Delhi virus-[potato] along with potato virus X and potato leafroll virus in potato. Potato J 2016, 43(2), 125-37.

SYBR green based RT-qPCR assay coupled with melting curve analysis was developed for the detection of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus-potato (ToLCNDV-[potato]), Potato virus X (PVX), and Potato leafroll virus (PLRV). The assays were standardized using four sets of primers for each target and selecting best primer set, optimizing primer concentration and cycle conditions. The amplification of products were verified by specific melting peaks for each targets viz., ToLCNDV-[potato], PLRV, PVX and ef-1 a gene of potato. Then, duplex RT-qPCR assays were developed to detect these viruses along with elongation factor 1-a (ef-1 a) gene as plant internal control and to detect ToLCNDV-[potato] along with PVX and PLRV. In duplex RT-qPCR assay, a melting peak specific to ToLCNDV-[potato] was observed along with melting peak of other virus/ ef-1 a gene. The assays could detect up to 20 copies/μl using serially diluted plasmids harbouring the targets and up to 0.025 fg of total RNA from infected plant tissues. Sensitivity of duplex RT-qPCR assay was comparable to singleplex RT-qPCR assays. The developed assays could consistently detect these viruses in field samples and was more sensitive than conventional RT-PCR.

5 illus, 5 tables, 29 ref

013329   Hiremath D B;Shiyani R L;Dakhore K K (College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural Univ, Bharuch-392 012, Email: dakhorekk@yahoo.com) : Rainfall diagnosis in context of cereal yields in Gujarat. Mausam 2016, 67(4), 919-26.

The present study was undertaken to analyze annual average rainfall in Gujarat in order to classify and define the targeted zones and to know the impact of rainfall variability on agriculture in the state. The results revealed that the Northwest Agro-climatic zone was the most vulnerable zone among all the agro-climatic zones due to extreme deviations in rainfall pattern. This was followed by north Saurashtra, South saurashtra and Middle Gujarat Zone. The southern hills zone had the least per cent of years with extreme deviations. Water management practices such as drip irrigation, deepening wells, constructing check-dams; integrated watershed management as well as insurance coverage and microfinancing facilities have been suggested as mitigation strategies to overcome the adverse impact of rainfall variability on agricultural production.

9 tables, 5 ref

013328   Hasan M M;Hossain I;Kashem M A;Mondal M M A; Rafii M Y;Latif M A (Institute of Tropical Agriculture (ITA), Putra Univ, Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, Email: alatif1965@yahoo.com) : Effect of botanicals and biofungicide on controlling tikka disease (Cercospora sp.) of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.). Legume Res 2016, 39(1), 114-22.

The leaf spot or Tikka disease (Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum) of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) is a predominant, devastating and economically important foliar fungal disease and a major yield reducing factor of groundnut, not only in Bangladesh, but also all over the world. The yield loss was calculated in the groundnut variety Dhaka-1 due to early and late leaf spot (Tikka) by over 30-48% in Bangladesh. The efficacy of NLEFS (Azadirachta indica), DebLEFS (Polyalthia longifolia), DLEFS (Datura metel), Trichoderma based biofungicides (BBST, BBFS and BBSFS) along with a check (Bavistin) and control were evaluated in the pot and field research. Among the treatments, BBSFS, NLEFS, DLEFS and DebLEFS showed better performance in controlling leaf spot and increasing pod yield by 53.61, 51.91, 40.85 and 38.72%, respectively as compared to control in the field. In case of seedling germination, BBSFS gave 97.77% germination followed by NLEFS (88.14%), DLEFS (93.33%) and DebLEFS (95.55%). BBSFS produced higher length and weight of shoot and root and vigour index as compared to control. Maximum vigour index was observed under BBFS (1583.88). BBSFS gave higher plant height, number of leaves and minimum number of infected leaves in the pots and field as compared to control. Minimum leaf area diseased was obtained with BBSFS followed by Bavistin in the field. Biofungicide (BBST, BBFS and BBSFS), NLEFS, DLEFS and DebLEFS showed promising performance in number and weight of pods and pod yield in the pots and field. Maximum weight of pods/plant and weight of mature pods/plant was achieved with BBSFS (20.05 g and 18.55 g) followed by NLEFS (19.83 g and 18.22 g). The highest net profit was recorded with the use of BBSFS by Tk. 176768.00/ha followed by NLEFS Tk. 172275.00/ha, BBFS Tk. 168818.00/ha, while the lowest Tk. 96443.00/ha in untreated control. Maximum Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) 1: 2.77 was found in BBSFS followed by BBST (1: 2.65), BBFS (1: 2.64) and NLEFS (1:2.62).

2 illus, 11 tables, 30 ref

013327   Gudadhe N;Dhonde M B;Hirwe N A;Thete N M (Agronomy Dep, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri-413 722, Email: nitbioworld@nau.in) : Crop energy balance study of cotton-chickpea cropping sequence under organic and inorganic fertilizer sources in western Maharashtra. Legume Res 2016, 39(1), 79-85.

This study was conducted during the year 2006-07 and 2007-08 to determine how energy balances of crop production are affected by cotton-chickpea cropping sequence and different sources of organic and inorganic fertilizer under the semi-arid conditions of western Maharashtra. The energy input and output, energy balance per unit input ratio and the energy output/input ratio were varied significantly individually to cotton and chickpea during both the years. However on pooled mean basis to cotton-chickpea cropping sequence, the energy input, output and energy balance were significantly higher by application of (RDF) Recommended Dose of Fertilizer according to Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) equation to cotton and 100% RDF to chickpea. Significantly higher energy balance per unit input and energy output per input ratio (6.46 MJ/ha and 7.46) were recorded by 100% RDF + 10 FYM/ha to cotton and it was 5.72 MJ/ha and 6.72 by 100% RDF to chickpea. Application of RDF according to STCR equation (Rs. 64960 and 3.07) to cotton and 100% RDF (Rs 46744 and 2.23) application to chickpea registered higher net monetary returns and benefit cost ratio respectively.

5 tables, 10 ref

013326   Ghosal A;Dolai A K;Chatterjee M L (Agriculture College, BCKV, Mohanpur, Nadia-741 101, Email: abhijshu@gmail.com) : Bioefficacy of new ready mixed insecticide (novaluron 5.25% + indoxacarb 4.5% SC) against pigeon pea pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner). Legume Res 2016, 39(1), 135-9.

The effect of different treatment schedules of Novaluron 5.25% + Indoxacarb 4.5% SC against pod borer of pigeon pea gave superlative effect over the sole insecticide Novaluron & Indoxacarb & standard check Lamda-cyhalothrin; though, all the treated plots with chemicals were significantly superior in their performance over that of control plots. Among the three selected dose of Novaluron 5.25% + Indoxacarb 4.5% SC (750, 825, 875 ml ha^-1); the said chemical @ 875 ml ha^-1 was recorded as best in managing Helicoverpa armigera population up to harvesting period (mean 0.03% infested pod of both years), while, @ 825 ml ha^-1 also recorded remarkable effect on the target pest. The maximum yield (23.40 q ha^-1) was obtained from the plots treated with Novaluron 5.25% + Indoxacarb 4.5% SC @ 875 ml ha^-1 closely followed by @ 825 ml ha^-1 (22.98 q ha^-1). The yield increase was also of high order. Highest cost-benefit ratio (2.07) was recorded in Novaluron 5.25% + Indoxacarb 4.5% SC @ 825 ml ha^-1 closely followed by @ 875 ml ha^-1.

7 tables, 5 ref

013325   Gandroli V A;Angadi J G;Biradar N (Agricultural Extension Education Dep, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005, Email: vandana038@gmail.com) : Effectiveness of videoshow and its combination with selected teaching methods on retention of knowledge. Int J agric statist Sci 2017, 13(1), 29-32.

Study was conducted in Kalaghatagi tehsil of - 390 - Dharwad district. The study revealed that, video screening once followed by video screening at defined stages, video screening once + mobile advisory + expert mediated group discussion had significant influence on retention of knowledge after 15 and 30 days of exposure to SRI method of paddy cultivation. Mobile advisory alone was the least effective one. All the four treatments significantly contributed for retention of knowledge by the farmers except for control group.

5 tables, 7 ref

013324   Gabhane V V;Sonune B A;Paslawar A N;Mali D V; Harle S M (Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Dep, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola-444 104, Email: vvgabhane@gmail.com) : Response of greenfram- safflower cropping sequence to phosphorus management in relation to yield, nutrient uptake and phosphorus use efficiency in vertisols. Legume Res 2016, 39(1), 61-9.

Field experiment was conducted during 2006-2007 to study the effect of phosphorus management in greengram-safflower sequence in a Vertisol. The twelve treatments and three replications designed in RBD consisted of 100% RDF (20:40:20 NPK kg/ ha to greengram and 25:25:25 NPK kg/ ha to safflower), 50% recommended P, No P, 50% recommended P + PSB (25 g/ kg seed), 5 t FYM/ ha, 5 t FYM/ ha + PSB applied in various combinations to greengram in kharif and safflower in rabi season. The results indicated that application of 100% recommended P along with recommended N and K significantly enhanced the yield of greengram and safflower. However, these results were comparable with application of 50% P (20 kg/ ha to greengram and 12.5 kg/ ha to safflower) + PSB along with recommended dose of N (20 kg/ ha to greengram and 25 kg/ ha to safflower) and K (20 kg/ ha to greengram and 25 kg/ ha to safflower) to greengram and safflower in crop productivity with higher nutrient uptake and apparent nutrient balance. The higher P use efficiency was observed with the application of 50% recommended P to both the crops alongwith PSB.

6 tables, 19 ref

013323   Dhirendar Kumar;Srivastava S K (Agricultural Economics Dep, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar-263 145, Email: kumar.dhiiren34587@gmail.com) : Estimation of income inequality in Kumaun hills of Uttarakhand. Int J agric statist Sci 2017, 13(1), 123-9.

This present study estimates the Income Inequality among the different income categories in different hill altitude of Kumaun division of Uttarakhand. The study is based on the findings from the data of 90 sample farm households. The sample of farm households selected through stratified random sampling from low, mid and high hill altitudes for the agriculture year 2014-15. In the study area it is found that average annual income of agriculture income based farm households was about Rs. 1.6 lakh, which is quite less against that of labour income based (Rs. 2.3 lakh) and government service based (Rs. 6.2 lakh) farm households annual income. The highest income inequality was observed in the low hills than the mid hill and high hill, whereas, the mid hills demonstrated the lowest inequality for the income in study area.

17 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

013322   Dhaka A K;Satish Kumar;Pannu R K;Singh B; Ramprakash;Malik K (Agronomy Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: dhakaanilkumar@yahoo.in) : Performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) suceeding pearlmillet intercropped in seed crop of Sesbania. Legume Res 2016, 39(1), 70-8.

Sole pearlmillet and their intercropping combinations during kharif followed by wheat grown with three nitrogen levels i.e 50, 75 and 100% of recommended dose of nitrogen ( RDN)to identify the profitable system. Based on two year study the net return and B:C ratio under Sesbania-wheat rotation were 17.9% and 7.1% more over pearlmillet-wheat crop rotation, respectively. Among intercropping systems Sesbania sown at 90 cm spacing intercropped with one row of pearlmillet followed by wheat was the most profitable crop rotation for the farmers who are interested in seed crop of sesbania with net return (Rs 40013/ha) and B:C ratio (1.48) along with highest Sesbania seed yield of (924kg/ha) with an additional pearlmillet yield (743kg/ha) and wheat equivalent yield (6656kg/ha). Sesbania sown at 120 cm spacing intercropped with two rows of pearlmillet followed by wheat was the most profitable crop rotation for farmers, who are more interested in pearlmillet seed crop with the highest net return ( Rs 40593/ha) and B:C ratio (1.48) along with highest pearlmillet seed yield (1344 kg/ha), Sesbania seed yield (762 kg/ha), highest sesbania equivalent yield (1379 kg/ha) and second highest wheat equivalent yield (6661kg/ha) among intercropping systems. So, Sesbania followed by wheat is more profitable over pearlmillet- wheat crop rotation and from sustainability point of view to encourage the farmers for seed - 389 - production of Sesbania and to get maximum net return, the Sesbania can be intercropped with one or two rows of pearlmillet. Sesbania sole or in combination with pearlmillet as intercrop was found beneficial for soil health improvement in terms of available N,P and K status of soil as compared to pearlmillet sole-wheat rotation.

6 tables, 28 ref

013321   Deshmukh M A;Gade R M;Belkar Y K;Koche M D (Plant Pathology Dep, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola-444 104, Email: gadermg@gmail.com) : Efficacy of bioagents, biofertilizers and soil amendaments to manage root rot in greegram. Legume Res 2016, 39(1), 140-4.

The potential of soil amendaments, bioagents and biofertilizers was evaluated for management of root rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Rhizoctonia bataticola). Bioagents and biofertilizers i.e.Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and Rhizobium phaseoli exhibited significant inhibition of Rhizoctonia bataticola. Maximum inhibition was achieved by Trichoderma harzianum i.e. 80.5%. Compatibility amongst bioagents and biofertilizers were tested in vitro. Amongst them Trichoderma harzianum and Rhizobium phaseoli were found compatible to each other. In green house, seed treatment with the bioagents and biofertilizers and also application of soil amendments recorded good number of nodules. Application of FYM and seed treatment with R. phaseoli at 25 g/kg + P. fluorescens at 10 g/kg recorded maximum number of nodules (15.3). Different seed treatments with soil amendments were used for controlling root rot incidence. Among them (T6) FYM with seed treatment of T. harzianum 4 g/kg seed + PSB at 25 g/kg seed recorded the lowest root rot incidence (26.0%) followed by (T3) R. phaseoli at 25 g/kg seed + P. fluorescens at 10 g/kg seed which recorded 32.0% root rot incidence whereas, maximum incidence of the disease was recorded in the control (83.3%).

4 tables, 18 ref

013320   Dendup T;Dorji P (Chemistry Dep, Sherubtse College, Royal Univ of Bhutan, Kanglung, Bhutan, Email: pelwanggatshel@gmail.com) : Damage, weight loss and Aspergillus section Flavi infection in stored maize grains in Shumar Gewog, pemagatshel. Asian J Adv Basic Sci 2017, 5(1), 41-5.

Maize is grown as the staple food crop in Eastern Bhutan; however, the post-harvest practices are worrisome. The maize cobs are being heaped in the open field or in the house for days when there is labour shortage, leading to the fungal infection. Moreover, de-husked maize is stored in sacks after partial sun drying, favoring fungal growth. This study examined the incidence of Aspergillus section Flavi and also assessed grain damage and weight loss due to insect pests. 60 maize samples were collected from Nangkor, Shumar, Shali and Gamung villages under Shumar Gewog, covering low and mid altitudes maize production zones. Aspergillus fungi were isolated using Subaroaud Dextrose Agar and pure cultures of isolates were obtained with differential media to identify Aspergillus section Flavi. Based on their morphological characteristics, Aspergillus section Flavi was found to be predominant with 63.6% of Aspergillus fungi isolated. The rest of the isolates constitute unidentified sections of Aspergillus fungi. Insect pests belonging to genera Sitophilus, Tribolium, Carpophilus and Sitotroga were observed. Mean percentage of bored kernels and weight loss were - 388 - 49.9% and 8.9% respectively. Therefore, good post-harvest practices need to be in place for the farmers to reduce grain losses, and concentration of mycotoxin in the maize needs to be assessed to ensure health safety.

4 illus, 2 table, 24 ref

013319   Darsow U (NO, , An der alten Gaertnerei 6, 18190 Gross Luesewitz, Germany, Email: u.darsow@freenet.de) : Early history of potato breeding for late blight resistance. Potato J 2016, 43(2), 103-17.

The dramatic appearance of late blight in Europe in 1845 and during the subsequent years has led to the development of efficient plant pathology and potato breeding strategies. Variety Champion was a milestone in the early history of breeding for quantitative blight resistance, governed by polygenes. The visual selection of least blighted clones from gene pool of cultivated potato by private breeders led to insufficient results. Detection of simple inherited qualitative late blight resistance in wild potato material brought on intensive phyto-pathological and breeding work in public financed institutes. Expeditions to South and Middle America resulted in establishment of gene banks for potato species, increased knowledge of its blight resistance status and other traits and its use in breeding. Interspecific hybrids included mainly S. demissum as source of resistance possessing R genes, and these were used to breed varieties released after 1930. Occurrence of races of P. infestans could be identified since 1932 by differentials possessing different dominant R-genes. Now one could distinguish between qualitative (R-gene coded hypersensitivity) and quantitative resistance. Laboratory methods for assessment of resistance were developed mainly on foliage, but also on tubers and were widely applied. Rapid development of new virulent races of blight pathogen as well as increased expenditures to combine several R-genes made race specific resistance breeding inopportune. Recently the application of oomycides has become the main measure of protection.

^iia2 tables, 128 ref

013318   Choudhary S;Singh R;Meena R S;Jethra G (NO, National Research Centre on Seed Spices, Tabiji, Ajmer-305 206, Email: shardaajmer@yahoo.com) : Secondary and tertiary structure prediction of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) protein. Legume Res 2016, 39(1), 48-51.

In-silico development of protein models in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) has opened up new vistas using the modern computational tools. The identification of protein in fenugreek having homology with the protein domain of humans and E-coli shows that the database available on Apiaceae family are very low. The estimated molecular weight of identified for fenugreek AM-1 protein was 11372.8 and was predicted as basic. A channel in fenugreek transmembrane protein has been identified through which a ligand (an - 387 - ion or a small molecule) might pass. The present finding may be a valuable addition to the proteomic information available on fenugreek. Further validation can be performed using wet lab experiments.

5 illus, 16 ref

013317   Bohra A;Singh I P;Mehandi S;Singh D;Nadarajan N (NO, Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur-208 024, Email: abhi.omics@gmail.com) : Investigating inheritance patterns of a spontaneous mutant in pigeonpea and its future implications for GCMS based hybrid breeding. Legume Res 2016, 39(1), 35-8.

Despite concerted breeding efforts directed towards genetic improvement of pigeonpea, huge gap exists between its potential and actual yields. Recently, in order to stabilize pigeonpea yield the CGMS- based system has been established in pigeonpea. Maintenance of the genetic purity of parental lines and hybrids, however, remains one the greatest challenges associated with CGMS-based system. In the context, identification of some markers clearly discriminating the parental lines and hybrids would be of immense importance. With this view, here we report the discovery of a spontaneous mutant phenotype that would act as potential visual marker in the CGMS based hybrid breeding programmes. Moreover, the nature of inheritance for the mutant phenotype was also examined. All the F1s derived from a bi-parental cross (mutant x normal) were normal with lanceolate leaves and normal flower morphology while the F₂ and backcross generations segregated in ratio of 3:1 and 1:1, respectively indicating monogenic recessive inheritance of the gene(s) under investigation. More importantly, existence of a single gene affecting both traits would facilitate rapid introgression of these morphological markers into genetic backgrounds of different A-lines which will help in differentiating the CGMS-hybrids from their parental lines (A-lines). It is envisaged that these morphological markers would greatly assist pigeonpea breeders in maintaining the genetic purity while dealing with CGMS system in pigeonpea.

2 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

013316   Bhavyashree S;Mishra M;Girish G C (Agricultural Statistics Dep, BCKV, West Bengal-741 252, Email: bhavyashree5591@gmail.com) : Fuzzy regression and multiple linear regression models for predicting mulberry leaf yield: a comparative study. Int J agric statist Sci 2017, 13(1), 149-52.

Regression analysis has become popular among several fields of research and standard tools in analyzing data. This - 386 - structure was represented by two statistical models such as multiple linear and fuzzy linear regression. The data was collected from Department of Sericulture, UAS, GKVK, Bangalore for the study. The data concerning leaf yield and its attributing characters i.e. 100 fresh leaf weight, single leaf area, number of leaves per plant and moisture content were collected for 16 Mulberry genotypes under 3 seasons for an year. This study aims to determine the best model to measure the leaf yield of mulberry using average width and root mean square error. The predicted interval computed using FLR model has much shorter average width as compared to that obtained using method of least squares. Based on the results, fuzzy linear regression is the best model to investigate the relationship between leaf yield and its attributing characters.

1 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

013315   Bhartiya A;Aditya J P (NO, Vivekananda Paratiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora-263 601, Email: anuradhagpb@gmail.com) : Genetic variability, character association and path analysis for yield and component traits in black seeded soybean lines under rainfed condition of Uttarakhand hills of India. Legume Res 2016, 39(1), 31-4.

In the present investigation, twenty two elite breeding lines of black seeded soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] were evaluated for 14 agro morphological traits during Kharif 2012 season. Among qualitative traits, presence of multifoliate leaf type was observed only in lines having moderate to high hundred seed weight and presence of anthocyanin pigment on hypocotyl was found related to violet flower colour in black seeded soybean lines. Among quantitative traits, grain yield per plant showed highly significant positive phenotypic and genotypic correlation with traits viz., dry matter weight per plant (0.95& 1.0) followed by 100 seed weight (0.75 & 0.87) and number of pods per plant (0.52 & 0.50). Path coefficient analysis also confirmed that traits viz., dry matter weight per plant and 100 seeds weight along with days to maturity can be considered as the key traits that can play a crucial role in the genetic improvement of black seeded soybean (bhat) genotypes for Uttarakhand hills.

3 tables, 20 ref

013314   Bairwa A;Venkatasalam E P;Sudha R; Umamaheswari R;Sharma S;Singh B P (NO, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute (CPRI), Shimla-171 001, Email: aarticpri13@gmail.com) : Management of late blight disease in Kharif potato at Karnataka. Potato J 2016, 43(2), 173-81.

Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is one of the most dreaded diseases of potato worldwide and causes 30-50% loss in kharif potato production. It has become one of the major diseases of kharif potato in Hassan district of Karnataka since 2007-2008. Therefore, a survey was conducted during kharif 2012 and 2013 to know the late blight appearance, its severity and losses caused by the disease. The late blight disease severity ranged from 4 to 40% and 0-100% during 2012 and 2013, respectively and the expected yield loss was about 20-30%. In order to manage the disease, experiments were conducted to identify late blight resistant varieties as well as fungicide schedule. Among the varieties tested, Kufri Girdhari recorded the minimum late blight severity (22.5%) followed by Kufri Shailja (30.0%) and Kufri Himalini (31.9%). However, the highest yield was recorded in Kufri Surya (26.70 t/ha) followed by Kufri Himalini (23.51 t/ha). Among the different fungicide schedules, (T3) prophylactic spray (just at the time of canopy closure) with mancozeb @ 0.2% followed by second spray with Sectin (fenamidon + mancozeb) @ 0.3% after 7-10 days of 1st spray and 3rd spray with mancozeb @ 0.2% after of 2nd spray recorded lowest disease severity (21.3%) and maximum yield (30.90 t/ha). So the above said variety and fungicide schedule can be used to manage the late blight disease in kharif potato.

2 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref

013313   Annu;Sisodia B V S;Sunil Kumar (Agricultural Statistics Dep, N.D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad-224 229, Email: annustat@gmail.com) : Pre-harvest forecast model for wheat yield based on biometrical characters - an application of discriminant function analysis. Int J agric statist Sci 2017, 13(1), 371-7.

Application of discriminant function analysis has been demonstrated to develop pre-harvest forecast models based on biometrical characters for wheat yield using experimental data. The coefficient of determination (R²) for both forecast models has come out to be about 61 per cent. The forecast yields based on these models were found to be very close to the actual yields with maximum RMSE of 2.45 per cent and maximum PSE of about 5 per cent. Therefore, reliable forecast of wheat yield can be obtained using these models.

5 tables, 23 ref

013312   Anil Kumar;Ravi Kant;Singh S K;Mishra S B; Hemant Kumar (Plant Breeding and Genetics Dep, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur)-848 125, Email: akmr00039@gmail.com) : Line x tester analysis for yield and yield component traits in greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]. Int J agric statist Sci 2017, 13(1), 259-63.

Investigation was done to study the combining ability in greengram using line x tester analysis. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the parents and crosses for all the 11 characters studied. The partition of the sum of square of genotypes into lines (GCAI), testers (GCAII) & interaction (SCA) and <62>1 degree of dominance indicated the non-additive effects were involved in the genetic control of all the yield and yield component traits studied. The parents namely HUM-12, IPM-02-14, NDM-09-18 & SML-668 was found good general combiner for seed yield per plant, whereas crosses viz., HUM-12xTMB-37, HUM-6xSML-668, IPM-02-14xSAMRAT, IPM-02-14xSML-668, IPM-125xPUSA-VISHAL, IPM-125xSAMRAT, MEHAxPUSA-VISHAL, NDM-09-18xPUSA-VISHAL, NDM-09-18xTMB-37, PDM-139xSAMRAT, PDM-139xSAMRAT and PUSA-9531xSAMRAT were found good specific combiners for seed yield per plant. Through these crosses good segregates for yield and its attributing traits in early segregatin generations may be obtained.

4 tables, 10 ref

013311   Amrender Kumar;et al. (Agricultural Knowledge Management Unit, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: akjha@iari.res.in) : Web enabled and weather based forewaring of yellow stem borer [Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker)] and leaf folder [Cnaphalocricis medinalis (Guenee)] for different rice growing locations of India. Mausam 2016, 67(4), 861-8.

Loss in yield and quality of crop produce due to pest infestation could be reduced considerably if the pest occurrence is known in advance and timely remedial measures are taken. Weather plays an important role in pest development. Therefore, weather based models can be an effective scientific tool for forewarning pests in advance. In this (861) study, weather based forewarning models have been developed for yellow stem borer [Scirpophaga incertulas(Walker)] and leaf folder [Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenee)] of rice for different locations, viz., Aduthurai (Tamil Nadu), Chinsurah (West Bengal), Karjat (Maharashtra), Mandya (Karnataka), Ludhiana (Punjab) and Raipur (Chhattisgarh). The pest data comprised of population of yellow stem borer and leaf folder moths caught in light trap per week for different locations. Weather data relating to maximum and minimum temperature (°C), morning and evening relative humidity (%) and rainfall (mm) in respect of the locations were obtained from the meteorological observatories of the locations per se. Data of pest and weather on weekly basis in respect of Kharif and Rabi seasons of 11 years (2000-2010) for all locations, and of 16 years (1995-2010) for Mandya (KA) were used for developing the forewarning models. Weather of six lag weeks from week of forecast were used for development of weather indices. These weather indices were used as independent variables in model building against the pest population as dependent variables. Stepwise regression models for - 384 - predicting the yellow stem borer population for peak periods of occurrence during Kharif [Aduthurai (TN), Karjat (MH) & Raipur (CG)] and Rabi [Chinsurah (WB) & Mandya (KA)] were developed with R₂ ≥ 0.9. Prediction of leaf folder for different weeks of Kharif for Aduthurai (TN) (32-35 SMW) and Ludhiana (PB) (32-36 SMW) and of Rabi for Aduthurai (TN) (44-47 SMW) gave R₂ between 0.6 and 0.8, respectively indicating better leaf folder prediction for Rabi over Kharif season at Aduthurai (TN). Validation of the models for subsequent years (2011) has been done for all cases. These developed models were converted into web-based forewarning system using 3-tier architecture. Net Beans 8.0.1 IDE (Integrated Development Environment), MS SQL Server, Java Server Pages (JSP) technologies have been used for the development of the web enabled forecasting of the two rice pests.

8 illus, 4 tables, 12 ref

012341   Yugandhar V;Reddy P S S;Sivaram G T;Ramesh E (Plantation Crops and Processing Dep, Faculty of Horticulture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya, Pundi Bari-516 105, Email: yogi123407@gmail.com) : Impact of pre-soaking and filiar application of plant growth regulators on growth and seed yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). J Crop Weed 2017, 13(1), 100-2.

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2013-14 at Research Farm, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Dr.rnY.S.R. Horticultural University, Anantharajupet, Andhra Pradesh to study the impact of pre-soaking and foliar application of plant growth regulators on growth and yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). The experiment consists of seven treatments viz., T₁ -GA₃50 ppm, T₂ -GA₃ 75 ppm, T₃ -NAA 10 ppm, T₄ -NAA 25 ppm, T₃-cycocel 100 ppm, T₆-cycocel 250 ppm and T₂-control (water spray) as pre-soaking and foliar application at 30 and 60 DAS in a Randomized block design with three replications. Among different PGRs applied, spraying of GA₃ 75 ppm resulted in highest plant height and germination percentage. However, number of primary branches, secondary branches plant^-1, number of umbels plant^-1, number of umbellets umbel^-1, number ofrnseeds umbel^-1 and seed yield were recorded maximum with 250 ppm cycocel. GA₃ 75 ppm took least number of days to 50 percent flowering and maturity.

2 tables, 10 ref

012340   Yadav Y;Lavanya G R;Singh V;Arya L;Verma M ( Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, Allahabad School of Agriculture, SHIATS, Allahabad-211 007) : Genetic variability and correlation studies for quantitative traits in kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.). New Agric 2016, 27(1), 189-96.

Ninety Six (96) accessions of kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) from twelve diverse regions of India were evaluated based on eleven quantitative traits to study the genetic variability and correlation present among the genotypes. Based on mean per se concert, a wide range of variation was found in biomass (g) followed by straw yield (g) and yield per plant (g). Maximum CV % was found in yield per plant (43.23). Highest Genetic coefficient of variation (GCV) was found in straw yield (37.43) moreover phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) in grain yield per plant (56.31). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance observed for biomass, straw yield and days to maturity indicates that these traits are under the control of additive gene action. The positive and significant genotypic and phenotypic correlations have been observed for biomass, yield per plant and straw yield. Therefore, these traits can be considered for selection in future crop improvement programme and the accessions identified based on present data may serve as potential genetic resources for kodo millet enhancement.

3 tables, 16 ref

012339   Yadav B;Singh G;Wankar A (NO, , Physiology Dep, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Email: drbrijvet@gmail.com) : Use of infrared skin temperature measurements for monitoring heat stress and welfare of crossbred cattle. Indian J Dairy Sci 2017, 70(1), 127.

The present investigation was carried out to use body surface temperature as an alternate to measurement of rectal temperature for monitoring heat stress and animal welfare. Four non-pregnant dry crossbred cattle were exposed together to three treatment temperatures (25, 35 and 40°C) with a relative humidity of 40-50%, housed in the climatic chamber to simulate different environmental heat stress conditions. The animals were exposed to each temperature for 5 hours/day from 10:00 to 15:00 hours for 21 days. The respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT) and pulse rate (PR) were recorded at 09:30 hours (before exposure) and 15:00 hours (after exposure) every day. The surface temperatures (ST) of the fore leg, head, neck, lumbar, thigh and hind leg were recorded before and after exposure at five days interval (day 1, 6, 11, 16 and 21) with the help of infra-red digital thermometer. The RT, RR and PR increased significantly (P<60>0.01) after exposure at 35 and 40°C; showed that animals were stressed. The ST was similar at neck, lumbar and thigh region both before and after exposure at 35 and 40°C. The ST at different anatomical sites was positively correlated (P<60>0.01) with exposure temperatures. Numerically, maximum correlation of exposure temperature was observed with forelimb (r=0.928) and hind limb ST (r=0.929). The maximum correlation of RT was observed with thigh (r=0.756, P<60>0.05) and minimum correlation was observed with neck ST (r=0.698, P<60>0.05). The results showed that the fore and hind limb ST measured by infrared thermometry may be used to measure environmental heat stress whereas thigh ST may be used as an alternative to RT to assess the increase in body temperature due to heat stress in cattle.

4 tables, 32 ref

012338   Yadav A S;Hardev Ram;Srivastava D S ( Agronomy Dep, Narendra Deva Univ of Agricultural and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Productivity of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) as affected by nitrogen levels and plant geometry under transplanted situation in eastern Uttar Pradesh. New Agric 2016, 27(1), 125-34.

Field experiments were conducted at the research farm of the Narendra Deva University of Agricultural and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, during rainy (kharif) seasons, to find out the optimum dose of nitrogen and suitable plant geometry for hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) under transplanted situation. Increasing levels of nitrogen significantly increased plant height, tillers, dry matter accumulation, panicles, panicle weight, spikelets/panicle, grains/panicle, grain and straw yields, nitrogen content in grain and straw (%) and nitrogen uptake upto 200 kg/ha. Hybrid rice recorded good response to nitrogen upto 184.9 kg/ ha. Based on the nitrogen use efficiency and benefit: cost ratio application 200 kg nitrogen/ha was found to be superior to the other treatments. Closer plant geometry of 15 x 10 cm proved to be significantly higher plant height, tillers, dry matter accumulation, panicles, spikelets/panicle, grains/panicle, grain and straw yields, nitrogen content in grain over wider plant geometry of 20 x 15, 15 x 15 and 20 x 10 cm. However, the treatment combination of 200 kg N/ha with planting spacing of 15 x 10 cm was found economically feasible agronomic practice for rice hybrid PHB 71.

1 illus, 4 table, 16 ref

012337   Wei S;Fenzhen SU;Chenghu Z (State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100 101,China, Email: bnvictor@hotmail.com) : Research on safety of fisheries and countermeasures in Nansha islands. Indian J Geomar Sci 2017, 46(1), 86-92.

In this study, a new accessibility model for spatial analysis and probability statistics are proposed to analyze the safety area and shipping route for fish ships. Accessibility index based on the least accumulative cost distance is proposed which is more suitable than Euclidean distance. Scene of control state is simulated to calculate the average access times between 19 islands or cays of Nansha and 8 surrounding seaports which are belong to 4 countries. The location of bases for fishery and transit are proposed.

5 illus, 5 table, 18 ref

012336   Vivekanand;Narula H K;Joshi R K;Singh H; Chopra A (NO, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Rajasthan Univ of Veterinary, Bikaner-334 001, Email: dr.harvinder.vet@gmail.com) : Estimation of (CO) variance components for growth traits in Magra sheep. Indian J Small Rumin 2017, 23(1), 12-20.

The objective of the study was to estimate the (co)variance components and genetic parameters for different growth traits of Magra flock maintained at the Arid Region Campus, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Bikaner, Rajasthan. The study comprised records of 2309 animals distributed over a period of 12 years (1999-2010). The estimation was done by restricted maximum likelihood procedures, fitting six animal models with various combinations of direct and maternal effects. The direct heritability estimates from the best model, as per likelihood ratio test for body weights at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age and average daily gain from birth to 3, 3-6 and 6-12 months of age were 0.37±0.04, 0.25±0.04, 0.24±0.04, 0.36, 0.36±0.06, 0.21±0.04, 0.20±0.04 and 0.16±0.05, respectively. The genetic correlation between direct and maternal genetic effects was found to be moderate to large and negative for all the traits, indicating antagonistic pleiotropy, which must be considered while formulating breeding plans. Moderate to high heritability estimates indicate the presence of genetic variability in the flock that can be utilized for improvement of these traits through selection.

4 table, 24 ref

012335   Vinita Kumari;Pannu U;Chopra A;Buri A;Prince L L L (Animal Genetics and Breeding Dep, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner-334 001, Email: drvinitaburi6032@gmail.com) : Effect of non-genetic factors and inbreeding levels on post-weaning growth traits of chokla sheep. Indian J Small Rumin 2017, 23(1), 90-3.

1 table, 13 ref

012334   Verma P;Bijalwan A;Dobriyal M J R;Swamy S L; Thakur T K (NO, Indian Institute of Forest Management, Nehru Nagar, Bhopal-462 003, Email: arvindbijalwan276@gmail.com) : Paradigm shift in agroforestry practices in Uttar Pradesh. Curr Sci 2017, 112(3), 509-16.

Agroforestry is a dynamic and sustainable land management system of deliberately growing woody perennials along with agricultural crops on farmlands to secure both tangible and intangible benefits to the farmers. Uttar Pradesh (UP), one of the largest and densely populated state of India in the Indo-Gangetic Plain with large agrarian communities, had a para-Jisni shift in the adoption of agroforestry. After successful adoption and commercialization of poplar and eucalyptus-based agroforestry models over two decides in western UP, other parts of central and eastern UP have also been attracted towards remunerative ajroforestry projects in the past few years. In UP, jgroforestry practices vary according to different agro-climatic zones, land capability and socio-economic status of farmers. The variation is reflected in terms of diversity in agroforestry practices, and comparative advantage prompted a renewed interest to harness the vivid potential. Drawing on the representative literature, we have reviewed the status and pattern of tree-crop combinations of agroforestry practices across various regions of the state as well as productivity under different agroforestry systems, which shows tradi-limial agriculture transforming to multifunctional agroforestry in UP.

^iia2 tables, 73 ref

012333   Vani V M;Singh B K;Singh A K (Horticulture Dep, I.Ag. Sc., Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) : GCA and SCA for yield components in Okra. New Agric 2016, 27(1), 47-55.

The present investigation was carried out to study combining ability of yield and related traits of okra in rainy seasons of 2013 and 2014 at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. The experimental material consisted of twelve parents and 66 F1 hybrids produced in a diallel mating excluding reciprocals. Analysis of variance for combining ability exhibited the significance of both GCA and SCA effects for all the characters except for days to 50% of flowering in case of gca. The parents and crosses for number of fruits per plant, total yield and seed yield have been identified and these can be commercially exploited. It can be concluded that improvement of these traits can be accomplished both through pure line breeding as well as through heterosis breeding. For fruit yield per plant and fruit yield per hectare, the genotypes IC-45802, Parbhani Kranti and VRO-3 were observed as good general combiners and the cross combinations IC-45802xSB-8, IC-45802 x Pusa A-4 and IC-282272 x Sel-4 were observed as good specific combiners.

3 tables, 8 ref

012332   Tripathy P;Sahoo B B;Patel D (All India Network Research Project on Onion and Garlic, College of Horticulture (OUAT), Chiplima, Sambapur-786 025) : Impact of planting dates on population dynamics and seasonal incidence of onion thrips and purple blotch. New Agric 2016, 27(1), 145-50.

Understanding of population dynamics and seasonal incidence of pests and foliar diseases is very useful in initiating appropriate control measures for successful cultivation of onion. Field experiments were conducted at AINRP on Onion and Garlic, Sambalpur, Odisha during Rabi season of 2012-13 revealed significantly minimum thrips population (8.50 & 9.52 thrips/plant) was recorded during 1st July, which gradually increased with advancement in date of planting, maximum being with 15th January planting (42.33 & 52.89 thrips/plant) while significantly higher total bulb yield of 214.00 to 217.15 q/ha was recorded with 15th October to 15th November planting as against 295.18 to 331.29 q/ha with 1st October to 15th November planting under unprotected and protected condition, respectively. Significantly minimum incidence of purple blotch was recorded when planted between 1st September to 15th October under both protected (36.40 to 42.57%) and unprotected (40.35 &44.67%) with total yield of 258.87 to 270.06 q/ha (15th October & 1st November) and 284.29 to 304.28 q/ha (1st October to 15th November), respectively. It may be concluded that under Odisha condition, transplanting of Rabi onion should be completed within 15th of November, preferably to obtain higher bulb yield with lower incidence of disease and pests.

2 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

012331   Tripathi B N;Singh A;Hari Ram;Tripathi A ( Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Dep, C.S.A. Univ of Agric. and Tech. Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Response of nutrogen and phosphorus levels on rice in partially reclaimed sodic soil of Uttar Pradesh. New Agric 2016, 27(1), 91-6.

A field experiment was planned and conducted in two consecutive kharif season 2010 and 2011 fixed lay out in sodic soil of NARP farm Dalipnagar, C.S.A. University of Agric. & Tech. Kanpur to evaluate the response various levels of nitrogen and phosphorus on the salt tolerant rice cultivar `CSR-27'. Results of the experiment revealed that enhancing the levels of nitrogen from 90 to 150 kg/ha and phosphorus viz. 30 to 60 kg/ha markedly increased the yield and yield attributing characteristics, nutrient uptake and quality parameters of rice. Maximum grain and straw yield along with yield components were recorded at 150 kg N and 60 kg P2O5 /ha followed by nitrogen 120 kg/ha and phosphorus 45 kg/ha. Uptake of nutrients by grain and straw of rice showed similar trend as recorded in yield of rice. Though quality characteristics viz. Starch, protein and mineral matter content were beneficially improved from each levels of nitrogen and phosphorus addition but responses were not significantly differ. Yield and yield component, nutrient uptake and quality parameters of rice grains have denoted highly significant correlations among themselves.

4 tables, 14 ref

012330   Tomar V S;Singh S;Lal S B;Mehera B;Chouksey S (School of Forestry and Environment, SHIATS-DU, Allahabad-211 007 ) : Analysis on the resource utilization and damages by wild animals in agricultural landscapes of Bareilly. New Agric 2016, 27(1), 207-17.

Wildlife requirements fall into three basic categories food, water, and shelter safe from predators where they can sustain and raise their young ones. These requirements are very specialized for each species of animals and birds. The majority of wild mammals (chital, nilgai, black buck, wild pig, and jackal) were reported in the agricultural areas, unprotected forest areas. The nilgai, black buck and jackal were reported in wastelands too. Crop depredation by wild animals was enormous. Out of 900 respondents maximum (79.44%) feels that wheat is the most affected crop followed by sugarcane (77.55%), paddy (58.44%), potato (39.22%) and pigeon pea (37.89%). Among the 732 respondents who feel that the invading of wild animals in human inhabited areas was for food, 247 also felt that the entry of carnivorous species was for scavenging on the dead livestock. Coordinated management could be achieved by identifying the partners and collaborations with potential NGOs.

2 illus, 10 tables, 16 ref

012329   Thokchom R;Maitra S (Floriculture Dep, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Faculty of Horticulture, Uttar Banga K, Pundibari, Coochbehar-736 165, Email: rockythokchomaau@gmail.com) : Micropopagation of Anthurium anderanum cv. Jewel from leaf explants. J Crop Weed 2017, 13(1), 23-7.

A protocol for the mass propagation of Anthurium andreanum cv. Jewel has been developed through callus induction and organogenesis using leaf lamina as explant. MS basal medium containing 3 mg L^-1 2,4-D + 0.5 mg L^-1 BAP + 0.4 mg L^-1 TDZ took minimum number of days (37.68) to initiate callus. However, maximum callus production was observed in the media containing 2 mg L^-1 NAA (77.33%). Young leaves exhibited better responses and the calli were compact and dark green. The shoots were initiated later from the calluses by inoculating on MS media containing 3.0 mg L^-1 BAP + 0.5 mg L^-1 NAA which took a minimum of 27.83 days while MS + 2 mg L^-1 BAP + 0.5 mg L^-1 NAA gave highest regeneration percentage (98.89%) as well as shoot length of 2.23 cm. Maximum number of shoots per callus (5.83) and highest number of shoots following second subculturing (22.60) were observed when MS basal medium was fortified with 2 mg L^-1 BAP singly. For root induction, 1/2MS media supplemented with 2.0 mg L^-1 NAA took the least days (33.55). Maximum root induction per plant (5.83) and length (4.28 cm) of root were recorded in 1/2MS + 1.0 mg L^-1 NAA. The well rooted Anthurium plantlets were successfully hardened in coconut husk with highest survival percentage of 96.17 per cent at vermiculite + coconut husk (1:1, w/w).

6 illus, 4 tables, 14 ref

012328   Talwar G;Brar S P K (Dairy Engineering, College of Dairy Science and Technology, GADVASU, Ludhiana, Punjab, Email: engg_gopika@yahoo.co.in) : Mechanization of traditional dairy prodycts . Indian J Dairy Sci 2017, 70(1), 1-10.

India is the largest milk producing nation in the world. Milk is perishable in nature, thus it cannot be stored for a very long period. In order to preserve it, more than half of milk produced in India is converted into a variety of traditional value added milk products which played a significant role in the Indian economy. Traditional milk products have a distinct advantage of being value added products, mass appeal, give high profit margins and have high export potential. Indian traditional dairy products are largely classified into 5 broad categories i.e. Heat desiccated products, acid coagulated, cultured or fermented, fat rich and milk based deserts. Increasing demand for these products in India as well as global market present a great opportunity for the organized dairies in the country to modernize and scale-up the production. There has been significant development and mechanization in dairy sector in past few years. It has transformed various processes for dairy products from traditional energy and labour intensive processes to mechanized processes where human interference is minimized. In this article various researches and adoptions done for mechanization of various dairy processes is reviewed. This will help in knowing products where mechanization has taken place and will help researchers to target where mechanization is further required and also help entrepreneurs to upgrade themselves from traditional system to available mechanized system.

^iia1 table, 86 ref

012327   Swarnlkar C P;Singh D (Animal Health Div, ICAR- Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar-304 501 , Email: swarnkarcp@yahoo.com) : Responce to challenge infection in sheep selected for resistance and susceptibility to Haemonchus contortus. Indian J Small Rumin 2017, 23(1), 43-51.

A study was undertaken to compare the host response on single and trickle infections of H. contortus in Malpura lambs selected for either resistance or susceptibility to H. contortus. Twelve Malpura male lambs (6 each from resistant - R and susceptible - S lines; 9-12 months old) were used during two periods of 10 weeks: single and trickle infections with an interval of three weeks. The host response was measured in terms of body weight, faecal egg count, haematological and biochemical characters for 10 weeks post challenge. Over the period of 10 weeks, a gain of 0.3 kg was recorded in lambs of R-line compared to a loss of 4.1 kg in S-line on single challenge. However, on trickle infection both the groups exhibited gain (5.7 kg in R-line and 5.2 kg in S-line) in body weight. On majority of occasions intensity of infection was lower in R-line compared to Sline. Non-significant variation was observed in haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) among both the lines on single challenge. However, significant (P<60>0.05/0.001) variations among divergent lines (lower Hb value in S-line compared to R-line) were observed on trickle challenge. In both the forms of challenge, plasma pepsinogen level revealed non-significant variation. On slaughter, the mean number of adult H. contortus in abomasum varied non-significantly between 498.7±40.1 (R-line) and 576.7±270.1 (S-line). The worm length remained more or less similar in both the lines. Correlation between log FEC and body weight was significant (P<60>0.05) only in Sline. Log FEC showed significantly (P<60>0.001) negative correlation with Hb and PCV in both the lines on single challenge. The correlation between log FEC and plasma pepsinogen level was significantly (P<60>0.05) negative in both the lines on trickle challenge. It was concluded that the animals selected for resistance can tolerate parasite challenge effectively with reduced intensity of infection, higher body weight gain and reduced pathogenic effect.

1 illus, 3 table, 37 ref