012326   Suresh Kumar P;Vasantha Kumar P (NO, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences Univ, Perambalur-621 220, Email: sureshkumarpalanimuthu@yahoo.com) : Adoption of improved scientific goat rearing practices in Tamil Nadu. Indian J Small Rumin 2017, 23(1), 136-8.

2 table, 6 ref

012325   Suresh K;Jalaja S K;Banerjee R;Trivedy K (NO , Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Boa, Berhampore--742 101, Email: suresh4211@gmail.com) : Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis of physiological and yield attributes in mulberry (Morus spp.). J Crop Weed 2017, 13(1), 28-33.

Improvement of leaf productivity and quality is the most sustainable and economic approach in sericulture development programme. The experiment was conducted to study the "Genetic variability, Correlation and path coefficients in 982 segregating progenies derived from 57 crosses (utilizing 6 females and 12 male parents), in Gangetic Alluvial plains of West Bengal at the Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Berhampore during June 2014 to July 2016. The investigation revealed the high phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation for leaf yield per plant, petiole weight, shoot yield, single lamina weight, total shoot length, single leaf area, shoots per plant, total chlorophyll content and inter-nodal distance indicated the existence of greater magnitude of genetic variability in the population. Character association analysis revealed that leaf yield per plant was positive and significantly associated with all the traits studied viz., shoot yield per plant (0.952), total shoot length (0.788) and plant height (0.671), except for leaf moisture and total chlorophyll content etc.. Besides, total shoot length (1.295), shoots per plant (0.619), single lamina weight (0.411) and harvest index (0.205) had a high direct effect on the leaf yield and can be used for indirect selection or as secondary traits in the selection process. Hence, total shoot length, laminar weight, shoots per plant, specific leaf area and harvest index may be considered has a useful surrogates for selection among segregating progenies in mulberry improvement programme.

4 tables, 25 ref

012324   Sujith M P;Rajeswari L;Sreelakhmi T;Anoop E V (NO, Archaeological Survey of India, Thrissur Circle, Purathathva Bhavan, Pullazhy, Thrissur-680 012, Email: anoop.ev@kau.in) : Conservation of Jack wood (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.) sculptures in an ancient temple in Kerala, South India: indentification of heritage wood samples, Neem gum-Cashew nut shell liquid application in consolidation and preservation. Curr Sci 2017, 112(3), 615-18.

This present communication deals with the anatomical identification of wood samples of an ancient archaeological monument in India, Sri Vishnu temple, Kada-vallur in Thrissur (Kerala) and the consolidation of fissures and cracks formed due to seasoning over a period of time using neem gum and preservation using cashew nut shell liquid extract. Neem gum which has anti-bacterial qualities and CNSL organic extract which has anti-termite and anti-fungal preservative action are found suitable for conservation and preservation of these sculptures. The active ingredient in organic preservative, CNSL, was analysed using HPLC and compared using UV spectra. The peak's of monoene, diene and triene in anachardic acid are visible in the spectra. The preservative, CNSL, also enhanced the aesthetic appeal of the jack wood sculptures. CNSL-coated jack wood had lower moisture absorption as demonstrated by Karsten tube experiment. The results imply that the strength of the material formed out of neem gum and wood powder used for filling of cracks and fissures can be modified as per requirement using distilled water and that the application is reversible. This method of conservation was found suitable under warm and humid conditions to which these sculptures are subjected to.

6 illus, 8 ref

012323   Sten J;Mahapatra S;Das S (Plant Pathology Dep, BCKV, Mohanpur-741 252, Email: sunitamahapatra@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of different levels of NPK on foliar diseases of potato under different fertility gradient soil in field. J Crop Weed 2017, 13(1), 151-6.

A field study was conducted to find out the effect of different combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels against the severity of fungal foliar diseases i.e. late blight, early blight, leaf blotch and diseases complex and yield of potato grown in four different fertility gradient soils (low-S₁, medium-S₂, moderate-S₃ and high-S₄). Maximum yield as well as low disease severity was observed in S₁ at N₁₅₀P₁₂₅K₁₀₀ kg ha^-1 combination, S₃, at N₂₅₀P₁₂₅K₁₀₀ kg ha^-1 combination and at N₂₅₀P₁₂₅K₁₂₅ kg ha^-1 combination in S₂ and S₄. This study showed that soil testing plays an important role in management of disease in potato before fertilizer application.

2 tables, 13 ref

012322   Srivastava R L;Singh G (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, Post Graduate College, Ghazipur-233 001) : Studies on heterosis for yield attributes in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). New Agric 2016, 27(1), 151-5.

The magnitude of heterosis over better parent and standard variety for yield attributes in mungbean were studies by twenty eight crosses resulting for 8 x 8 diallel excluding reciprocal. The highest heterosis to the extent of 80.76% over standard variety and 72.39% over better parent for seed yield per plant was observed in the cross Narendra Mung-1 x PS-16, which exhibited high heterosis percentage for either one or more yield components. The promising hybrids viz. Pusa Baisakhi x Pusa bold (vishal), Pusa Baisakhi x Pant M-3, Narendra Mung-1 x PS-16, Pusa Baisakhi x Pusa-105, Pusa Baisakhi x ML-613 were identified, which have increased potential to exploit the hybrid vigour or to isolate desirable segregants.

3 tables, 5 ref

012321   Srivastava P K;Singh R M (Irrigation Dep, Government of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow-226 027, Email: rajm.mnnit@gmail.com ) : Groundwater assessment in a canal command area for sustainable irrigation in a part of the indo-gangetic alluvial plain. Curr Sci 2017, 112(3), 478-89.

The growing dependence of irrigation on groundwater and its excessive use for other purposes has an adverse impact on the resource domain. This has resulted in unsustainable over-extraction and subsequent lowering of the groundwater table. The present study shows that groundwater levels can be kept near stable even with more extraction for increased cropping intensity of up to 222% by opting conjunctive use, as against the present intensity of 163.1%. In addition, the groundwater sustainable area increased from 65% to 92% and the groundwater depletion area decreased from 30% to 7%. The waterlogged area also reduced from 5% to 1% in a period of three years, thereby increasing gross margins. Groundwater system simulation shows that groundwater level will remain sustainable even after 10 years at 222% cropping intensity by adopting conjunctive use of groundwater with canal water.

14 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

012320   Srinivasnaik S;Suganthy M;Mohan Kumar S; Jegadeeswari V (Agricultural Entomology Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore-641 003) : Biology of Toxoptera aurantii, Planococcus citri, Paracoccus marginatus and Helopeltis bradyi infesting cocoa, Theobroma cacao L.. New Agric 2016, 27(1), 197-201.

Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the biology of major sucking pests of cocoa viz., aphids, Toxoptera aurantii, mealybugs, Planococcus citri Risso, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink and tea mosquito bug, Helopeltis bradyi in the Department of Agricultural Entomology, TNAU, Coimbatore during 2015. The duration of first, second, third and fourth instar nymphs of T. aurantii was 1.45±0.43, 2.15±0.47, 2.35±0.51 and 2.05±0.37, respectively. The adults started laying young ones after a pre reproductive period of 1.05±0.44 days. A single aphid produced about 52.17±4.19 nymphs during the reproductive period of 4.40±0.40 days with a longevity of 12.10±1.29 days. The egg period, duration of first, second and third instar nymphs of P. citri was 3.50±0.50, 5.17±0.29, 6.17±0.58 and 7.33±0.29 days, respectively with pupal period of 4.83±0.76 days. Adult longevity of male and female was 2.50±0.50 and 18.83±1.61 days, respectively. Total life cycle of male was 29.50±1.50 days and 41.50±1.80 days for females. The oviposition period was 10.17±1.26 days and the fecundity was 358.67±3.06 eggs. Biology of P. marginatus showed that the egg period, duration of first, second and third instar nymphs was 6.50±0.87, 3.67±0.58, 3.92±0.39 and 4.58±0.40 days, respectively with the pupal period of 3.25±0.43 days. Adult longevity of female and male was 19.67±0.59 and 1.52±0.58 days, respectively. Total life cycle was 23.58±1.87 days for males and 39.17±1.04 days for females. The oviposition period was 7.67±0.58 days and the fecundity was 336.67±3.21 eggs. Regarding Helopeltis bradyi, the egg period, duration of first, second, third, fourth and fifth instar nymphs of H. bradyi was 7.54±0.46, 1.60±0.42, 1.10±0.22, 1.24±0.18, 1.88±0.40 and 2.52±0.36 days, respectively. Longevity of male and female was 22.20±1.30 and 26.00±0.71 days, respectively. Total life cycle of male was 38.08±1.59 days and 41.88±1.11 days for females. The oviposition period of adult female was 21.80±0.84 days and the fecundity was 137.60±1.82 eggs.

3 tables, 8 ref

012319   Sraw P K;Kaur A;Singh K (Krishi Vigayn Kendra, Jalandhar Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab, Email: pahulparam78@pau.edu) : To assess the scope of brown manuring in aerobic rice in central Punjab. J Crop Weed 2017, 13(1), 17-22.

A field experiment was conducted at farmer's fields to assess the scope of brown manuring in direct seeded basmati rice during the rainy (kharif) season of 2011 and 2012 in Jalandhar district, Punjab. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design with four replications. The experiment consists of four treatments viz. Sole direct-seeded basmati rice (DSBR) in prepared, Sole DSBR in unprepared field, DSBR in prepared field with sesbania brown manuring (SBM) and DSBR in unprepared field with SBM. The sowing of direct-seeded basmati rice (DSBR) was done in 2nd week of June in both the years and harvested manually in 2nd fortnight of November. It was observed that Sesbania brown manuring reduced the density of broad-leaved weeds, narrow-leaved weeds, and sedges by 67.6, 43.6, and 33.6 per cent DSBR in prepared field treatment and reduced the density of broad-leaved weeds (67.2%), narrow-leaved weeds (37.1%), and sedges (64.9%) DSBR in unprepared field than the sole DSBR in prepared and unprepared field. Likewise, dry weight of the broad-leaved weeds, grassy weeds, and sedges was reduced by 77.4, 49.1 and 52 per cent, DSBR in prepared field with sesbania brown manuring treatment and 60.4 per cent, 56.7 per cent, and 52.7 per cent in DSBR in unprepared field respectively, than the sole crop of DSBR in prepared and unprepared field. DSBR in prepared field with SBM have 8.2, 9.97 and 3.8 per cent higher yield as compared to sole DSBR in prepared field, sole DSBR in unprepared field and DSBR in unprepared field with SBM. The organic carbon content at the end of the experiment ranged from 0.47-0.66 per cent across different locations. There was little or change in organic carbon content where sole direct seeded rice for cultivated, rather at some locations it decreased slightly. Highest benefit cost ratio was recorded in unprepared DSBR treatment with and without SBM which was 4.27 and 4.19 respectively. Highest net return (Rs 67.2 x 10³ ha^-1) was registered with DSBR in prepared field with SBM followed by DSBR in unprepared field with SBM.

8 tables, 14 ref

012318   Soundararajan C;Palanisamy V;Iyue M ( Veterinary Parasitology Dep, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai-600 007, Email: drsoundarpara@gmail.com) : Growth and wool yield of Nilagiri and synthetic (Nilagiri X Merino Croosbred) lambs under different systems of management. Indian J Small Rumin 2017, 23(1), 84-6.

1 table, 4 ref

012317   Soni V K;Dwivedi R K;Nayak U S;Pandey K K ( S.K. College of Agric. and Res. Station, IGKV, Kawardha, (Kabirdham)-491 995) : Bio-efficacy of different insecticides against stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) on chandrahasini rice. New Agric 2016, 27(1), 77-80.

Bio-efficacy of different selected insecticide formulations was studied in the field of paddy cultivar Chandrahasini during kharif crop seasons of 2014 at S.K. College of Agriculture and Research Station, Kawardha, Chhattisgarh, India against stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) population. Experiment was done following complete randomized block design and had three replications. All the treatments were significantly effective in checking stem borer infestation causing the decrease of both dead heart (DH) and white head (WH) number. Numerically, least damage was noted for chlorantraniliprole 18.5%SC. This was followed by Flubendiamide 480SC, Fipronil 0.3%G and Cartap hydrochloride 4G against Scirpophaga incertulas in transplanted rice.

1 table, 12 ref

012316   Singh V;Singh R;Hussain K (Veterinary Medicine Dep, S.K Univ of Agricltural Science and Technology-Jammu, R.S Pura, Jammu-181 102, J&K, Email: rajivrajiv101@gmail.com) : Evaluation of urea molasses multinutrient block supplementation beetal cross goat. Indian J Small Rumin 2017, 23(1), 111-13.

1 table, 5 ref

012315   Singh S V;Ranjni Devi;Yogendera Kumar;Renuka; Upadhyay R C (Climate Resilent Livestock Research Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001, Email: sohanvir2011@gmail.com) : Seasonal variation in skin temperature, blood flow and physiological functions in Zebu (Bos Indicus) and Karan fries (Tharparkar X Holstein Friesian) cattle. Indian J Dairy Sci 2017, 70(1), 96-103.

The changes in skin temperature, blood flow and physiological functions of cattle were monitored during winter (THI=60) and summer (THI=83) seasons in zebu and Karan Fries cattle. Six each of Sahiwal, Tharparkar and Karan-Fries heifers of 18-24 months were selected from Livestock Research Centre of ICAR-NDRI, Karnal. The mean rectal temperature, respiration rate, pulse rate and blood pressure were higher during summer than winter in different cattle breeds. The rectal temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate of Sahiwal, Tharparkar and Karan-Fries cattle differed significantly (p<60>0.05) during summer and winter. The diastolic and systolic blood pressure also differed significantly (p=0.001) in all the breeds in both the seasons. Skin blood flow was significantly (p<60>0.05) higher at dorsal, abdominal and middle ear of zebu (Sahiwal, Tharparkar) than crossbred (Karan-Fries) cattle during summer and winter seasons. The skin blood flow showed positive correlation with skin temperature of different body parts and was significantly higher during summer than winter. Results of the present study clearly showed variation in different parameters among the zebu and crossbred cattle indicating better adaptability of zebu as compared to crossbred cattle during heat stress.

6 illus, 3 tables, 38 ref

012314   Singh S;Singh S K;Sanjay Kumar;Singh B R ( Horticulture Dep, SVBPUA&T, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh) : Drying kinetics and sensory evaluation of Amaranth leaves for different sets of pretreated conditions under greenhouse solar dryer and open sun. New Agric 2016, 27(1), 157-66.

The proper drying techniques are the most important aspect of leafy vegetable preservation. A Greenhouse type solar dryer was used for the dehydration of amaranth leaves to ensure the availability of amaranth leaves during off season. Fresh amaranth leaves were pretreated by dipping in a solution (leaves to water 1:5 w/w) containing 0.1% MgCl₂ + 0.1% NaHCO₃ + 2% KMS in distilled water for 15 minute and blanching in boiling water containing 3% sodium bisulphate for 2 min. The leaves were dried at 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 kg/m² of loading density, under greenhouse type solar dryer and in open sun. Untreated amaranth leaves were also dried as control samples. Analysis of the drying parameters i.e. moisture content, moisture ratio, drying rate and drying time were evaluated to study the effect of drying condition on sensory quality and rehydration characteristics of amaranth leaves. The total drying time considerably reduced under greenhouse type solar dryer (GSD) for chemically treated samples than blanched and untreated. The average drying rate increased with increase in temperature and loading density. Chemically treated samples dried under greenhouse type solar dryer took lesser drying time (7. 5 to 8 hrs) than blanched and untreated samples under both the drying methods. The initial moisture contents of amaranth leaves were found in the range between 655.35-727.12% (db). The amaranth samples took 450 to 660 minutes drying time depending upon drying temperature, drying methods and pretreatments. The product quality was found to be most acceptable for chemically treated amaranth leaves, dried under GSD for the loading density of 2.0 kg/m².

14 illus, 4 tables, 14 ref

012313   Singh S K;Rai K N;Rai T N;Jaiswal P ( Agricultural Chem. & Soil Science Dep, Tilakdhari Post Graduate College, Jaunpur-222 002) : Effect of integrated nitrogen management on growth, yield, economics and soil in wheat under alluvial soil. New Agric 2016, 27(1), 107-15.

The experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2001-02 and repeated in 2002-03 at the institutional research farm of Tilak Dhari Post Graduate College, Jaunpur to study the effect of integrated nitrogen management on growth, yield, economics and soil in wheat under alluvial soil. The experiment is laid out randomized block design with four replication. Maximum profit and return per rupee invested was noted in the treatment receiving pressmud + urea nitrogen in 3:1 ratio. The present investigation was concluded that integrated nitrogen management increased grain yield, straw yield and economics of wheat crop. The treatment receiving 90 + 30 kg nitrogen/ha through PM + Urea was significantly higher in yield of grain and straw when compared with the other treatments. It shows that 50-75% of fertilizer nitrogen can be saved in wheat production. Maximum benefit: cost ratio was obtained in the treatment where nitrogen was applied in 3:1 ratio through pressmud + urea.

4 tables, 9 ref

012312   Singh S H;Narasimiah L;De S;Sinha K;Sathish G;Sahu P K (Agricultural Statistics Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252, Email: herojitsem@gmail.com) : Discriminant analysis: a tool for identifying significant socio-economic correlates in farming system-a case study. J Crop Weed 2017, 13(1), 42-5.

Food security in India and its agricultural growth depends on the performance of its small and marginal farmers as these farming group constitute 85.01 per cent of total farmers. To minimize uncertainty, increase income and productivity in agriculture, integrated farming system is being advocated with the incorporation of components like fishery, dairy, poultry, goat rearing, etc. with crop production. In this present study, an attempt has been made to study and analyses major factors involved in different farming systems practiced in Charangpat village of Thoubal district in Manipur where small and marginal farmers are dominant. Fisher's Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was used for discrimination of 100 randomly selected households into four farming system groups viz. Rice, Rice-fish, Rice-vegetable and Others group using nine discriminating variables and it could discriminate them 76 per cent correctly. Other group of farming which includes rice-fish-fruit, rice-fish-fruit-vegetable, rice-fish-vegetable, rice-fish-fruit-vegetable-pig and rice-fruit farming systems was found significantly better than others followed by rice-vegetable farming system in terms of income and saving. Important discriminating variables found are farm income, agriculture land, number of earners, agricultural assets, service income, other income, etc.

4 tables, 5 ref

012311   Singh P;Singh M K;Rout P K;Gige M S (Animal Genetics and Breeding Div, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom-281 122, Email: manojnaip@gmail.com) : PCR-RFLP analysis for exons of diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 gene in jamaunapuri goats. Indian J Small Rumin 2017, 23(1), 9-11.

Diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 (DGAT-1) gene is a strong positional candidate gene for fat content in milk and meat. Genetic polymorphism for DGAT-1 gene was carried out in blood and milk samples collected from 122 Jamunapari lactating goats by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples and exon 8 (222 bp fragment) was amplified by PCR. Amplified fragment was digested with EaeI restriction endonuclease. DGAT1 locus was monomorphic on PCR-RFLP analysis. Results of the present study indicated the highly conserved nature of exon 8 of DGAT1 locus due to absence of mutation in Jamunapari goats.

2 illus, 13 ref

012310   Singh D;Kerketta P;Anand Kumar;Neeraj ( Sundaresan School of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad-211 007 , Email: priscillak802@gmail.com) : Assessment of management practise followed by small ruminant farmers in Uttar Pradesh. Indian J Small Rumin 2017, 23(1), 132-5.

1 table, 7 ref

012309   Singh C M;Prasad V M (Horticulture Dep, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (Deemed-to-be University) Allahabad-211 007) : Effect of boron and zinc on plant growth, spike yield and flower quality of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) cv. white prosperity. New Agric 2016, 27(1), 81-9.

The present experiment was conducted to determine the effect of doses of Zinc abd Boran on growth, spike yield and flower quality of Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) cv. White Prosperity at the Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, (U.P.) India during 2013-2014. The study was laid out in FRBD (5X5 Factorial), having three levels each of Zinc (0.0%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5%) and Boron (0.0%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5%), making a total of 25 treatment combinations were tested in three replication. The experiment design was FRBD. The revealed that zinc and boran treatment had significant response on plant height, plant growth, spike yield and flower quality. The maximum. were Plant height (cm), Number of leaves per plant, Number of shoots per corm, Days to spike initiation, Days to opening of first floret, Number of spikes per plant, Spike yield per hectare (Lakh), Number of corms per plant, Corm yield per hectare (Lakh), Number of cormlets per planted corms, Cormlet yield per hectare (Lakh), Floret size (cm), Shelf life of spike (days), First foret durability (days), Spike length (cm) Number of florets per spike were produced by the treatment T₁₈ B₃Z₃ (B0 0.4+Z0 0.4%). It was the best treatment for good vegetative as well as reproductive growth, spike yield flower quality.

2 tables, 28 ref

012308   Shiva Kumar S;Kundu S;Nandi P;Shekhar S; Adhikary R T;Ghosh B;Dutta P (Fruits and Orchard Management Dep, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, Email: paromitanandi20@gmail.com) : Performance of ber in new alluvial zone of West Bengal. J Crop Weed 2017, 13(1) , 189-91.

The performance of ber in new alluvial zone of West Bengal with twelve varieties (Apple Kul, Banarasi Karaka, BAU-1, Dandan, Gola, Illaichi, Jogia, Kaithali, Madhavpur, Sanur- 2, Topa and Umran) was carried out at Horticulture Research Station, Mondouri, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya in the year 2013-14 with an objective of screening suitable ber varieties. A wide range of variation was noted in respect of yield, fruit weight, pulp weight, pulp : stone ratio, acidity, TSS : acid ratio and organoleptic rating among twelve varieties. Fruit yield was found higher in Madhavpur (50.8 kg.plant^-1), Umran (47.6 kg plant^-1) and Topa (42.8 kg plant^-1) but pulp weight and fruit weight were found higher in BAU-1, Banarasi Karaka and Umran. The quality in respect of TSS/acid ratio of fruit was noted maximum in Madhavpur (155). It is concluded that the performance of Madhavpur, Banarasi Karaka, Umran and BAU-1 are comparatively superior in new alluvial zone of West Bengal as compared to other varieties.

1 table, 12 ref

012307   Shehzad A;Qismat S;Ibrar K;Faisal N;Zeeshan N (College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean Univ of China, Qingadao-266 003, China, Email: s15_microbiologist@hu.edu.pk) : Molecular detection of Candidatus Scalindua flavia, study of anammox bacterial community structure, composition in the sediments of the East China Sea and the Yellow sea. Indian J Geomar Sci 2017, 46(1), 33-47.

In this study, the diversity, community structure and distribution of anammox bacteria in sediments from five sites of the ECS and YS were explored by using both the 16S rRNA and hzo functional gene biomarkers. A high diversity of anammox bacteria in the studied sites with Candidatus is observed. Scalindua being the dominant group of anammox bacteria. With 16S rRNA gene primers, an inimitable Candidatus. Scalindua phylotype was identified, putatively represented a novel species, and tentatively named " Candidatus. Scalindua flavia". In addition, three other distinct clades were also detected with a discrete clustering in the consensus tree. Statistical analysis of environmental variables indicated that NH4+ and PO43- are positively correlated to shape the differential distribution of anammox bacteria in different environments.

5 illus, 2 table, 53 ref

012306   Shamsuzzaman M;Xiangmin X;Tania N J;Al-Mamun A (Environmental & Resources Protection Law, Ocean Univ of China, Qingdao-266 100, China, Email: sakilimsf@gmail.com) : Constraints and prospects of sustainable fisheries management in Bangladesh. Indian J Geomar Sci 2017, 46(1), 7-15.

Fisheries sector of Bangladesh plays an important role in food security, employment, foreign exchange earnings and different other facets of the economy. The findings of the present study show that the yield of the floodplain, ponds, seasonal water logging area, artisanal fisheries, estuaries, and rivers are varied; there are various limitations on expansion to their potentials. Several factors are identified as threats to the sustainability of the fisheries resources that includes over-exploitation, pollutants like agrochemicals, industrial wastes, lack of stock assessment to set MSY, underprivileged enactment of fisheries laws and regulations, the inadequate spread of fish farming technology, low financial capacities, and ineffectiveness extension practices.

4 illus, 5 table, 27 ref

012305   Shamsuzzaman M;Xiangmin X;Karin E;Tania N J ( Environmental & Resources Protection Law, School of Law & Political S, Ocean Univ of China, Qingado-266 100, China, Email: sakilimsf@gmail.com) : Fisheries legal framework of Bangladesh: towards policy implications. Indian J Geomar Sci 2017, 46(1), 16-22.

This article scrutinized policy papers, acts, policy progressions, policy drift, and policy accomplishments with regards to marine stocks, capture fisheries, marine environment policy in Bangladesh in the context of an important coastal delta based country. This is done to review existing policies to devise strategies and action plan in light of fisheries ecosystem and suggestions for the realization of action plans for renewable resources including fish, shrimps and other aquatic resources and marine environment management. Analysis on existing policy documents; plans, ordinances, and relevant literature through reviewed to find out gaps, if there were any, and made policy recommendations to amend the existing policies or to formulate an entirely new policy guidelines. Problems among the existing policies are related to their outcome focused are not desired output basis. This review suggests that the policy on marine fisheries is not well specified thereby demands improvement in the policy content, and greater challenges may lie in implementing modified policy and in improving policy processes.

^iia1 table, 5 ref

012304   Shalaby E A (Biochemistry Dep, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo Univ, Giza, Egypt, Email: dremad2009@yahoo.com) : Influence of a biotic stress on biosynthesis of alga chemicals and its relation to biological activities. Indian J Geomar Sci 2017, 46(1), 23-32.

Present study is to illustrate the relationship between the environmental stress and defense pathway from algae to protection from this stress. Marine environments are characterized by broad fluctuations of environmental conditions that can be strong stress inducers in macroalgal populations, including extreme temperatures, rapid salinity and nutrient changes, desiccation, intense sunlight, and others. These factors are extremely important for the geographical distribution of macroalgae and also can be responsible for several physiological responses of these organisms. The current study conclude that, the effects of various stresses on algae led to change in gene expression and its related to of secondary metabolite production which have different biological activities as antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial activities.

^iia6 illus, 1 table, 43 ref

012303   Sau S;Mandal P;Sarkar T;Das K;Datta P ( Fruits and Orchard Management Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252, Email: sayan.bckv@yahoo.com) : Influence of bio-fertilizer and liquid organic manures on growth, fruit quality and leaf mineral content of Mango cv. Himsagar. J Crop Weed 2017, 13(1), 132-6 .

A field trail was conducted at Regional Research Station, Gayespur, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India during two successive seasons of 2014-2015 to investigate the influence of different fertilization sources (chemical, organic and biofertilizer) on growth, yield, fruit quality of mango trees cv. Himsagar, as well as to asses leaf mineral nutrient status of respective tree and soil health condition of the orchard. Results revealed that different treatments of biofertilizer along with Panchagavya significantly increased the canopy spread, fruit weight, yield and bio-chemial qualities while minimum results recorded from trees treated with chemical fertilizers and control plant. Among the different treatments of biofertilizer, [Azotobacter chorococcum + Azospirillum brasilense + AM (Glomus musseae) + Panchagavya 3%] showed maximum fruit weight (237.12 g), yield (42.14 kg plant-1) and fruit biochemical qualities like TSS (19.70° Brix) and total sugars (13.41%) along with prolonged shelf life of 10 days. The same treatment also exhibited maximum content for soil bacterial population and available N, P and K both in soil and leaf while minimum results obtained from control plants followed by chemical fertilizer. So, for getting higher yield and quality produce from mango by maintaining soil health condition, biofertilizer along with liquid organic manure (Azotobacter chorococcum + Azospirillum brasilense + AM + Panchagavya 3%) may be a good alternative for the mango-growers.

2 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

012302   Satish Kumar I;Gangaraju G;Vijaya Kumar C; Nath S (NO, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary Univ, Palamaner-517 408, Email: satish.vety@gmail.com) : Growth performance of Nellore Jodipi sheep at an organised farm in Andhra Pradesh. Indian J Small Rumin 2017, 23(1), 87-9.

2 table, 7 ref

012301   Sarkar S;Sarkar A (Agronomy Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia-741 252&esmritikanasarkar12@gmail.com) : Improving growth and productivity of linseed (Linum usitatissimum) using mulches under different levels of irrigation. J Crop Weed 2017, 13(1), 1-6.

A field experiment was conducted at BCKV farm, West Bengal during rabi 2010-12 to evaluate the effect of irrigation and mulch on growth and productivity of linseed (Linum usitatissimum). Irrigation at IW/CPE of 0.6 showed 6.72 and 17.63% higher seed yield compared to IW/CPE of 0.4 and rainfed. Treatment receiving black polythene mulch registered about 4.33, 8.72 and 14.76% higher seed yield over straw @ 5 t ha^-1, water hyacinth @ 5t ha^-1 and no mulch. Water use efficiency was highest with rainfed treatment receiving black polythene. Combining irrigation at IW/CPE of 0.6 and black polythene led to the maximization of net return and B:C ratio and proved as best.

3 tables, 17 ref

012300   Sarkar A;Ghosh B (Horticulture Dep, SASRD, Nagaland Univ, Medziphema Campus, Medziphema-797 106, Email: asarkar1919@rediffmail.com) : Standardization of harvesting methods in litchi cv. Bombai. J Crop Weed 2017, 13(1), 107-9.

Standardization of harvesting methods with different intensity of pruning (non removal of fruiting branch i.e. removal of fruits from the branch only; harvesting of fruits along with the fruiting branch from the base; pruning of 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm branches along with fruiting branch) during harvesting and their effect on flowering and fruit quality was studied at the farmer's field, Beniagram, New Farakka, Murshidabad, West Bengal during 2008. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replications on 25 years old plant at spacing of 10 x 10m. Pruning of 10 cm branches produced the maximum number of primary (1.94) and secondary rachis (19.58) per panicle followed by pruning of 15 cm branches (1.89 and 18.54). Maximum number of flowers (1499.38) per panicle was noted due to 15 cm pruning and maximum hermaphrodite flowers (390.86) per panicle with lowest sex ratio (2.81) were recorded by pruning of 10 cm branches. Maximum number of initial (61.80 fruits panicle-1) as well as final (20.47 fruits panicle-1) fruit set per panicle was recorded by pruning of 10 cm branches followed by 15 cm branches with 59.73 and 17.51fruits panicle-1, respectively. Maximum fruit weight (22.06g) and size (3.94 x 3.53 cm) were recorded by pruning of 20 cm branches. From the investigation it was suggested that moderate pruning of 10 to 15 cm branches during harvesting is beneficial to obtain higher yield with quality fruits.

3 tables, 6 ref

012299   Santra P;Manna D;Sarkar H K;Maity T K ( Vegetable Crops Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252, Email: palash.santra@gmail.com) : Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advanced in kharif onion (Allium cepa L.). J Crop Weed 2017, 13(1), 103-6.

Ten genotypes were evaluated as a part of the experiment indicated significant differences among genotypes for all traits. Pooled mean performances showed that Agrifound Dark Red had highest plant height (51.42 cm), average bulb weight (75.06 g), total bulb yield (306.42 q ha^-1) and marketable bulb yield (295.09 q ha^-1). High GCV was recorded for Plant height, number of leaves, polar diameter, equatorial diameter, neck thickness, average marketable bulb weight, marketable yield, days to maturity, total soluble solids, pyruvic acid and phenol content in bulbs. High heritability was observed for most of the characters. Total bulb yield was positively and significantly correlated with plant height (0.802), number of leaves (0.630), polar diameter (0.572), equatorial diameter (0.919) and average bulb weight (0.974). Superior genotypes like Agrifound Dark Red (313.49 q ha^-1 and 299.35 q ha^-1) and Gota (287.43 q ha^-1 and 275.93 q ha^-1) exhibited high total yield in both the locations Kalyani and Bankura of West Bengal, India.

3 tables, 10 ref

012298   Saha A;Samanta S;Bhale V M (Agronomy Dep, UBKV, Pundibari-736 165) : Land configuration and nutrient management for increased productivity of organic guar gum in rainfed condition. New Agric 2016, 27(1), 33-6.

A field experiment was conducted during 2013-14 at Agronomy farm, Dr. PDKV, Akola to study the effect of Land configuration and nutrient management for increased productivity of organic guar gum in rainfed condition. Opening of furrow in each row and alternate rows permit to drain excess moisture which resulted in increased growth, yield (270.17 kg/ha) and soil moisture content (38.80%) compared to flat bed configuration. The protein content (27.65%) and gum content (27.05%) were increased marginally with land configuration of opening of furrow in each or alternate rows. Gross monetary return (14773 /ha) and Net Monetary Return (Rs. 5703 /ha) was also higher with land configuration of opening of furrow in each row compared to other configurations. Organic source of nutrient Vermicompost-2.0 t/ha increased Seed yield (281.71 kg/ha), protein content (27.95%) and gum content (27.58%) compared to FYM-2.5 t/ha and Soybean compost- 2.0 t/ha. Soil moisture content (34.31%), consumptive use (239.91 mm) and MUE (1.14 kg/ha mm) was slightly improved with Vermicompost-2.0 t/ha followed by FYM-2.5 t/ha and Soybean compost-2.0 t/ha. Gross monetary return (14811 /ha) and Net Monetary Return (Rs. 5671 /ha) was also higher in treatment receiving Vermicompost-2.0 t/ha as compared to FYM-2.5 t/ha and Soybean compost-2.0 t/ha.

2 tables, 13 ref

012297   Sagolsem S;Mitra A;Leivang S (Agricultural Economics Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal-741 252, Email: soniasaga2012@gmail.com) : Growth and instability analysis of major crops in North East India. J Crop Weed 2017, 13(1), 72-6.

The study investigates the growth and instability of major crops in North East India based on secondary data of area, production and productivity of major crops. Rice, the major crop in North East India, is growing overtime and become the most dominant crop of the kharif season. Area, production and productivity of rice have increased manifold overtime and it boosts the total productivity of cereal. Potato and oilseed are also making inroads in the late years. Pulses, fibre and sugarcane are seen as neglected crops in North East India. It can be inferred that there is a wide fluctuation in area, production and productivity. Overall area effect is more dominant factor for increasing the production of the crops.

3 tables, 12 ref

012296   Rohit;Singh P P (Plant Breeding & Genetics Dep, R.B.S. College, Bichpuri, Agra-283 105) : Correlation and path analysis for yield and yield components in tomato. New Agric 2016, 27(1), 57-61.

Correlation and path Coefficient were studied in ten Tomato genotypes. The correlation coefficients were determined to find out the inter relationship among the characters studied. Yield per plant had strong positive association with primary branches per plant, number of fruits per plant, number of locules per fruit, fruit size and seeds per fruit, which indicated that yield, could be increased by improving a traits. Path analysis revealed that fruit size had maximum direct positive effect on yield, followed by number of fruits per plant, number of locules per fruit, seeds per fruit and primary branches per plant. These traits were considered important in the selection programme for yield improvement in tomato.

4 tables, 19 ref

012295   Ravindra H;Narasimhamurthy H B;Sehgal M; Girijesh G K (Zonal Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station , Agricultural and Hosticultural Sciences Univ, Shivamogga-577 225 , Email: ravindranema@gmail.com) : Investigation of rice root-knot nematode and weeds interactions in rice agro ecosystem. J Crop Weed 2017, 13(1), 157-63 .

Interactions between root knot nematode Meloidogyne graminnicola and weeds of rice agro ecosystem in Karnataka were investigated. Studies were conducted to examine the preference and performance of root knot nematode on 15 weeds commonly found in rice agro ecosystem. The extensive surveys were conducted during 2013 in rice growing fields in Shivamogga, Chickmagalore and Davanagere districts indicated that the 15 weeds belongs to different genera and different families both monocotyledons and dicotyledons severely infested which are all annuals. All the weeds had distinct root galling and egg masses, however their numbers and size and pattern may be quite different among the 15 weeds. The weeds of poaceae are classified as good hosts whereas other weeds are poor hosts. These observations suggests that these 15 weeds are alternate host for rice root knot nematode populations and provide a means of survival for the different stages of nematodes and help the nematode to multiply and increase the nematode population in the rice growing areas in the Karnataka or throughout India.

4 illus, 16 ref

012294   Rathod M G;Pathak A P (School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada Univ, Dnyanteerth, Vishnupuri, Nanded-431 606, Email: anupama.micro@rediffmail.com) : Evaluation of the enzymatic profile of microbial isolates from lonar soda lake. Indian J Geomar Sci 2017, 46(1), 116-24.

Alkaliphilic Gram positive bacteria were isolated and characterized from water and soil samples from alkaline Lonar lake, India. Total viable count of composite water and soil sample was found to be 1.4 x 10⁵ cfu/mL and 1.7 x 10⁷ cfu/gm, respectively. Thirty strains were isolated using different enrichment and isolation media. Alkaline protease assay was carried out to determine specific enzyme activity of partially purified alkaline protease. Ten alkaline protease producing isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis LS-1, Bacillus clausii LS-2, Bacillus megaterium LS-3, Bacillus licheniformis LS-4, Bacillus thuringiensis LS-6, Bacillus alcalophilus LW9, Alkalibacillus sp. MGR8, Bacillus horikoshii MGR25, Micrococcus sp. MGR30 and Alkalibacterium sp. MGR11 on the basis of morphological, biochemical, physiological characterization, antibiotic sensitivity, enzyme profile and 16s rRNA sequencing. Out of these ten alkaline protease producers, nine isolates were belonged to phylum firmicute and one isolate belonged to phylum actinobacteria. Out of ten selected isolates, seven isolates were alkaline amylase producers. Two isolates were alkaline lipase and cellulase producers.

2 illus, 6 table, 34 ref

012293   Rao C S;Rejani R;Rama Rao C A;Rao K V;Osman M;Srinivasa Reddy K;Manoranjan Kumar;Prasanna Kumar (NO, ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad-500 059, Email: rrejani10@gmail.com) : Farm ponds for climate-resilient rainfed agriculture. Curr Sci 2017, 112(3), 471-7.

This article summarizes the utility of farm pond technology as an adaptation strategy to overcome miter shortage due to several reasons, including climate change. This technology has the potential to increase availability of water for supplemental irrigation, increase in cropped area and produc-tivity leading to increase in net returns from crops. Farm pond offers a solution to overcome the increased frequencies of drought, particularly mid-season and terminal drought under climate change scenario. The article advocates for policy intervention to promote one pond for each farm holding having an area of 2.0 ha at individual farm level or on community-sharing basis. Con-straints for large-scale implementation of farm pond technology are also discussed.

2 illus, 5 tables, 16 ref

012292   Ramesh CG;Mohanraju R;Karthick P;Murthy K N ( Ocean Studies and Marine Biology Dep, Pondicherry Central Univ, Port Blair-744 102, Andaman & Nicobar islands, Email: chrameshpu@gmail.com ) : Polymorphic mantle tissue patterns of Tridacna of Burmanallah coast south Andaman. Indian J Geomar Sci 2017, 46(1), 141-6.

Authors were investigated 42 different mantle tissue patterns in Tridacna species along the coast of Burmanallah, Andamans. Out of 42 mantle tissue patterns, T. maxima showed 18 different mantle patterns, T. crocea showed 22 different mantle patterns and T. squamosa showed only two patterns. T. maxima showed dominance of distribution than T. crocea and T. squamosa. Mostly T. maxima and T. crocea were observed in shallow waters and T. squamosa was present on the slope edge of reefs.

43 illus, 7 ref

012291   Ramachandran N;Singh S P (NO, ICAR- Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdom, Farah-281 122, Email: ramacirg@gmail.com) : Effect of floor type on body surface temperature and their relationship with physiological variables in kids during hot dry period. Indian J Small Rumin 2017, 23(1), 30-4.

The objective of study was to investigate the relationship between cardinal physiological responses with surface temperature (ST) at different anatomical sites in goat kids on two floor types. Twenty Jakhrana male kids (7-8 months, weighing 25.16±0.60 kg) were assigned equally to pen with soil floor (SOF) or slatted floor (SLF). The mean ST of kids in the morning were significantly lower at head and thigh (35.11, 35.24°C; P<60>0.01), shoulder and back (35.46, 35.67°C; P<60>0.05) in SLF as compared to SOF (35.93, 35.74, 35.83, 36.25°C). The ST at different body parts were similar during afternoon hours though, the ST of SLF was significantly (P<60> 0.01) lower than SOF (37.12 vs 41.51°C). ST of all body parts increased with an increase in the intensity of solar radiation in the afternoon. The magnitude of relationship of ST was high and positive with physiological responses except heart rate at a few sites on both floors. The study suggests that kids were equally comfortable in both slatted and soil floors based on ST and physiological responses, Therefore, the use of slatted floor in semi-arid regions of the country shall be recommended for goat farm, considering less manpower requirement and easy farm operations.

3 table, 7 ref

012290   Rakesh Kumar;Chatterjee D;Deka B C;Ngachan SV (Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar-800 014, Email: rakeshbhu08@gmail.com) : Validation of common salt application on productivity, profitability, nutrient uptake and soil helath of upland rice (Oryza sativa) under shifting cultivation area of Nagaland. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2017, 16(2), 341-9.

A replicated field experiment with rice cv. bhalum-3 (130-140 day's duration) was conducted during the kharif season of 2012-2014 at farmer's jhum field, Medziphema village, Dimapur district of Nagaland. Experiment was conducted following 12 treatment imposed in completely randomized block design with three replications: control/weedy check, weed free check, 20-200 kg NaCl ha^-1 (2-20% common salt conc.). Experimental results revealed that weed free check showed its superiority in respect to growth, yield attributes, yield, economics, nutrient content and uptake as well as soil health over control and different levels of common salt applied (2-20%). However, among levels of common salt, application of 10% common salt recorded significantly higher growth and yield attributes, which was found to be statistically at par with 12-20% salt applied. Similarly, higher grain yield (2316 kg ha^-1), straw yield (3589 kg ha^-1) and biological yield (5949 kg ha^-1) were recorded with application of 10% common salt, which was noted significantly superior to their preceding levels (2-8% NaCl) and beyond that effect of applied salt was found to be statically at par (12-20%). In respect of soil health, application of common salt does not exert any marked influence on sodium (Na+) concentration, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR).

2 illus, 3 table, 29 ref

012289   Radhakrishnan A;Gupta J;Dileepkumar R (Dairy Extension Div, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana-132 001, Email: aparnaradhak@gmail.com) : Vulnerability of dairy based livelihoods to climate variability and change: a study western ghat ecosystem. Indian J Dairy Sci 2017, 70(1), 104-11.

The paper aims at assessing the vulnerability of dairy based livelihoods to climate variability and change in the Western Ghat ecosystem and for this purpose, data were aggregated to an overall Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) to climate change underlying the principles of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), using 28 indicators. Data were collected through participatory rural appraisal and personal interviews from 180 randomly selected dairy farmers of three taluks of Shimoga district complemented by thirty years of gridded weather data and other secondary data sources. The index score of dairy based livelihoods of Bhadravathi taluka was negative with 45% farmers having high level of vulnerability.

2 illus, 5 tables, 17 ref

012288   Prasanth K;Sreelathakumary I;Celine V A;Vahab M A (Olericulture Dep, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural Univ, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram-695 522) : Discriminant function analysis among winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) genotypes for enumerating available variability. New Agric 2016, 27(1), 37-40.

Twenty one genotypes of winged bean from different sources were evaluated, at the Department of Olericulture, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala) during 2013-2014. Morphology, yield and quality attributes of these genotypes were substantially different. Genotypes PT 21 and PT 1 showed maximum duration in flowering and fruiting in a year, while most of the accessions showed flower initiation and peak flowering and fruiting under short day period's falls from September to February. Days to first flowering (75.05 to 178.83), pods per plant (44.98 to 154.49) and pod yield (696.60 g to 2703.33g per plant) also showed considerable variations. Based on selection index including both vegetative and qualitative characters PT 21 was ranked first with an index of 24799.37 followed by PT 6 (23324.76). Overall ranking based on all the selected characters showed the relative superiority of PT 21 and PT 1 over others.

2 tables, 14 ref

012287   Prasad C K;Abraham J;Balusami C;Roshini A J; Murugan S S (Livestock Production and Management Dep, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001, Email: ckprasad91@gmail.com) : Haemato-biochemical profiles of Malabari kids fed broiler concentrate diet. Indian J Small Rumin 2017, 23(1), 94-6.

1 table, 11 ref

012286   Pradhan R K;Deshmukh V D;Chakraborty S K; Chellapan A;Jaiswar A K;Roul S K (NO, Central Institute of Fisheries Education (Deemed Univ), Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Andheri (West), Versova, Mumbai-400 061, Maharastra, Email: rajeshfrm220@gmail.com) : Length-weight relationship and morphological studies of the big eye shad, Ilisha filigera (Valenciennes 1847) in Mumbai waters. Indian J Geomar Sci 2017, 46(1), 102-6.

Present study was conducted to investigate the length-weight relationship and morphological studies of Ilisha filigera based on 353 fish specimens of different size collected from Mumbai waters from October 2010 to April 2011. Length-weight relationship of 181 males and 136 females found a high degree of correlation for males, females and both the sexes combine. Pooled data for both the sexes gave the length-weight relationship of W = 0.002336 L^3.345211 with a coefficient of determination (r²) value of 0.954042. The 'b' value for both the cases of males (3.110674) and females (3.42701) revealed allometric growth. Analysis of covariance indicated significant differences (P<60>0.01) between males and females. The comparison of morphometric characters showed a very high degree of correlation between them. Total length of the species observed in the present study ranged from 13.9 to 37.5 cm with standard deviation 26.09±4.34 cm.

2 illus, 5 table, 10 ref

012285   Prabhat Kumar;Chand R;Singh V;Pal C ( Mycology and Plant Pathology Dep, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005, Email: rc_vns@yahoo.co.in ) : In vitro screening of calli of mungbean to cercosporin, a photoacatived toxin. Indian J expl Biol 2017, 55(2), 113-21 .

Mungbean or Green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] is an arid/semiarid pulse crop, native to India, grown mostly as a rotational crop with cereals like wheat, rice, maize, sorghum, etc. It is an affordable source of protein, carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals preferred for its nutrient digestibility, food processing properties and bioavailability. India accounts for 65% of mungbean's world acreage and 54% of its world production. Various pests, diseases and environmental stresses have kept mungbean yield quite unstable over decades and researcher's worldover are looking for resistant varieties to overcome these challenges. Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) caused by Cercospora canescens is one of the most destructive diseases of mungbean and the key polyketide toxin cercosporin plays an important role in pathogenesis. Such toxins as selective agents in the tissue culture medium can help in selecting genotype with suitable levels of resistance to the toxin and/or to the pathogen among the available germplasm. Here, we standardized the dose of cercosporin for in vitro selection of resistant mungbean genotypes and variable expression of peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L^-1 NAA and 1.0 mg L^-1 BAP was standardized for the development of callus from mungbean using hypocotyls as an explant. The calli from six cultivars of mungbean were tested in medium amended with cercosporin (0-40 μg mL^-1) and calli survived up to 20 μg mL^-1 of cercosporin. The calli from resistant cultivars survived 83.33-93.00%, and showed lower reduction in fresh weight (25.97-28.83%). Calli from the susceptible cultivars survived 50-60% and showed higher reduction in fresh weight. Callus showed browning, exposure to cercosporin (5-20 μg mL^-1). Enzymes assay from survived calli of different cultivars showed higher peroxidase activity (7.90-8.91 ΔOD min^-1 mg^-1 callus), superoxide dismutase (0.96^-1.03 ΔOD min^-1 mg^-1 callus) and a lower catalase (0.35-0.43 μ moles of H₂O₂ utilized min^-1 mg^-1 callus) in resistant, followed by moderately resistance and susceptible cultivars. The necrosis in leaves was recorded with 200 μg mL^-1 of cercosporin, and no visible necrosis was observed below this concentration. Enzyme assayed from the controlled and cercosporin-treated (100-200 μg mL^-1) leaves of mungbean genotypes showed variable activity of peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase.

2 illus, 4 tables, 47 ref

012284   Prabhakar;Tejpratap;Adarsh A;Singh R;Nanher A H;Dubey S K (Agronomy Narendra Deva Univ of Agriculture and Tech. Dep, , Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of sulphur levels on quality, yield and economics of mustard Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss) varieties under late sown condition. New Agric 2016, 27(1), 7-10.

A field experiment was conducted in four levels of sulphur (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg/ha) and three varieties of Indian mustard (NDR-8501, NDRE-4 and Vardan) at Agronomy Research Farm, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, during 2012-2013. Among various dose of sulphur the application 60 kg of S/ha was found optimum dose for increasing of seed yield (15.30q/ha) and oil percentage (39.36%) content of mustard. Varieties tested during investigation (NDR-8501, NDRE-4and Vardan), the NDR-8501was found suitable for getting higher seed yield (14.95q/ha) and oil content (39.47%). Interacting effect of Sulphur on varieties remained non-significant during course of study. Application of 40l g S/ha was found optimum for NDR-8501 Maximum net return (Rs 30489) was obtained when 40 kg S/ha was applied and followed by 60 kg/ha (Rs 29497/ha). Benefit ratio (1:1.8) recorded with 40kg, 20kg S with NDR-8501.

2 tables, 12 ref

012283   Pawshe M;Harshan H M;Kurien M O;John A ( Animal Reproduction Gynacecology and Obstetrics Dep, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy-680 651, Email: drmayurpawshe@gmail.com) : Evaluation of extenders for chilled preservation of malabari buck semen. Indian J Small Rumin 2017, 23(1), 108-110.

1 table, 10 ref

012282   Patole S D;Kumbhar J S;Yadav D B (Agril. Economics Dep, Mahatma Phula Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahri, Distt. Ahmednagar, Maharashtra-413 722, Email: patolesahebraogmail.com) : Efficient use of natural resources for sugarcane production in western Maharashtra. J Crop Weed 2017, 13(1), 97-9.

The productivity of the crop primarily depends on the extent of levels of resource use and total management of the crop. The inputs play a significant role in agricultural production. The study is based on primary data which is collected from the sample sugarcane growers by cost accounting method with the help of specially designed schedules under the Maharashtra state Sponsored Cost of Cultivation Scheme. The per hectare use of human labour was maximum in adsali sugarcane while the per hectare use of bullock labour was highest in ratoon. The per hectare utilization of machine power was observed more (i.e. 44.69 hrs.) in case of adsali planting. The use of manure was not observed to be sufficient in all planting type of sugarcane. The use of manure was found less in ratoon sugarcane. In the adsali sugarcane, the per hectare use of chemical fertilizers i.e. nitrogenous, phosphorus and potash was 411.00 kg, 234.91 kg and 237.14 kg ha^-1, respectively. In all planting type, the per cent gap observed in case of chemical fertilizers was excess than the recommended doses. The benefit cost ratio at cost 'C' was highest in case of ratoon sugarcane (1.58). The inputs used by the sugarcane growers for all the planting types were below than recommendation except chemical fertilizers. The inputs used by the sugarcane growers for all the planting types were below than recommendation except chemical fertilizers.

3 tables, 4 ref

012281   Patil K R;Adivappar N;Chinnappa B;Manjunatha G R (NO, Agricultural & Agricultural & Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga-577 225, Email: kiranecon@gmail.com) : Economic analysis of commercial tomato nurseries. J Crop Weed 2017, 13(1), 137-41.

The present study attempts to estimate the demand potential of tomato seedlings in Karnataka and economic viability of establishing commercial nurseries in poly-house condition. To accomplish these objectives, 10 nurseries each were selected from Southern Transitional Zone, Northern Transitional Zone and Central Dry zone of Karnataka. The study indicated the existence of annual demand of 62.10 crores of tomato seedlings in Karnataka. To meet this demand, establishment of commercial nursery is inevitable. In this regard, investigation on capital investment and its profitability was assessed employing capital budgeting techniques. The result indicated that entrepreneurs have invested Rs. 10,66,705 towards setting up of nursery in an area of 1000 m² poly-house. The economic analysis revealed that entrepreneurs have realized gross returns of Rs. 1,65,528 and net returns of Rs. 50,438 per time. In a year, tomato nursery was raised for eight times considering demand for seedlings and the associated gross returns and net returns were Rs. 13, 24,224 and Rs. 4, 03,504, respectively. The capital investment on commercial nursery was found to be economically viable in terms of positive Net Present Worth (Rs. 2121346), Discounted Benefit Cost Ratio of more than unity (1.22) and Internal Rate of Return of 103 per cent.

4 tables, 5 ref

012280   Pathak S;Singh V K (NO, B.N. Agriculture P.G. College, Rath, Uttar Pradesh) : Integrated management of fusarium wilt of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceris with microbial antagonist and fungicides. New Agric 2016, 27(1), 219-22.

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the most important pulse crop grown all over India. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri cause chickpea wilt is one of the major diseases on Chickpea in Vindhyan region, which is soil and seed borne. Heavy inoculum in soil and favorable environment condition results in the death of infected plant and therefore total yield loss. In this study, three antagonists and three fungicides were studied against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri causing Chickpea wilt. Field studies found that Combination of Trichoderma harzianum + hexaconazole 5 EC gave minimum wilt incidence (16.53%) and maximum yield (1512 kg/ha) followed by G. virens+ hexaconazole 5 EC and T. viride + hexaconazole 5 EC.

3 tables, 12 ref

012279   Pandey B M;Tripathi M K (Entomology Dep, T.D.P.G. College, Jaunpur-222 002) : Bio-efficacy of different insecticides against larval population density of gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) in chickpea. New Agric 2016, 27(1), 25-32.

The bio-efficacy of HaNPV, Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki, NSKE, Endosulfan, Profenophos and Methomyl individually was evaluated in chickpea against Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) during rabi season 2010- 11and 2011-12. The chickpea crop was sprayed three times (population count after 3, 7 and 14 days) with the respective insecticide when the pest population exceeded the economic threshold level (ETL). Among the different bio-pesticides and synthetic insecticides tested, HaNPV 400 LE/ha, Bacillus thuringeinsis var. Kurstaki 1.5 kg/ha, NSKE 5%, Endosulfan 0.07%, Profenophos 0.04% and Methomyl 0.08% alone where significantly superior over rest of the treatment in controlling of the larval population, reduction of pod damage. In the treatment against larval population of H. armigera give the superior result as the Endosulfan <62> Profenophos <62> Methomyl <62> HaNPV <62> Biobit <62> Bacillus thuringensis <62> NSKE during cropping season 2010-11 and 2011-12 on both the variety (Radhey and Awarodhi) and can be recommended the management of this insect pest in chickpea crop.

1 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

012278   Pandey A K;Vyas R P;Mishra V K;Singh R K; Singh A K (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, Chandra Shekhar Azad Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Varietal identification of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan L. Millsp] genotypes through electrophoresis. New Agric 2016, 27(1), 1-5.

The present investigation in thirteen genotype of pigeonpea i.e. AMAR, KWR 2-7, SHEKHAR-3, KA 01-108, KSP-13, UPAS-120, KAWR-7, KSMR-105, PUSA-9, KA 09-01, T-21, KA01-94 and KSMR-88 for tris- soluble protein and water soluble protein profiling through SDS- PAGE. The protein banding patterns through SDS-PAGE and found that Rm value of protein bands differ in all the genotype for both water soluble and tris soluble protein. In soluble protein banding pattern 12-15 departure bands of Rm value (0.83-0.98) with only 2 common band of Rm value (0.83 and 0.78) in total 17 bands were found whereas in water soluble protein banding pattern, genotype have 8-12 departure band of Rm (0.16-0.952) with 4 common bands of Rm value 0.432,048,0.233 and 0.65 in total 16 bands. In UPGMA cluster analysis all the genotypes fall in six groups for both water and tris soluble proteins and protein banding pattern of tris soluble protein were found more distinct than water soluble proteins through SDS-PAGE. On the basis of results, it can be said for characterization and identification for pigeon pea genotypes electrophoretic profile of tris soluble protein through SDS-PAGE was resulted distinct banding pattern and much better than water soluble protein.

2 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

012277   Panda R;Shorpade P P;Pallampale H Y;Dagli N R (Livestock Production and Management Dep, Bombay Veterinary College, Goregaon,Mumbai-400 065, Email: rameswar.panda8@gmail.com) : Effect of space allowance on social behaviour of Osmanabadi kids. Indian J Small Rumin 2017, 23(1), 130-1.

1 table, 6 ref