010307   Shyla P N;Sadatulla F;Pallavi;Bhanuprakash K J (Sericulture Dep, Agricultural Sciences Univ, GKVK, Bengaluru-560 065, Email: pallavireddy214@gmail.com) : Growth and yield parameters of V₁ mulbery and rearing performance of silkworm Bombyx mori L. as influenced by customized fertilizers. Green Fmg 2016, 7(3), 683-6.

The study was conducted to know the impact of different levels of customized fertilizers on V1 mulberry under irrigated condition. An experiment was conducted during rainy season at college of Sericulture, Chintamani, UAS (B) in established irrigated V1 mulberry garden with spacing of 90 x 90 cm. The different levels of customized fertilizers were applied in one dose. The pooled data of two crops revealed that mulberry raised with 150 per cent nutrients through customized fertilizers (T6) recorded significantly maximum plant height, highest number of shoots per plant and produced more number of leaves per plant on 45th and 75th day after pruning. Leaf yield per plant and leaf dry matter per plant was maximum in T6 (533.93 g/plant and 194.26 g/plant). However, these parameters were lowest in control plots (T₁). Intern the response of silkworm, Bombyx mori (PM x CSR2), to the application of different types of customized fertilizers showed positive influence on silkworm rearing during late age registered significantly shorter fifth instar larval durations (170.00 h), total larval duration (600.66 h) and maximum ERR (96.00%) per cent, cocoon weight per 50 cocoons (80.91 g/50 cocoons) and number per 50 worms (49.00 cocoons/50 worms) were recorded in 150% customized fertilizer treatment. Among the cocoon parameters, the maximum single cocoon weight (1.98 g), single shell weight (0.36 g), single pupal weight (1.87 g), and shell percentage (19.12%), respectively were evidential when silkworm fed on mulberry raised by 150 per cent nutrients through customized fertilizers and they were statistically on par with 125% and 100% customized fertilizer treatment over other treatments.

4 tables, 14 ref

010306   Shruti P G;Ganiger V M;Bhuvaneshwari G; Madalageri M B;Kotikal Y K;Manjunatha G;Kantesh G (Vegetable Science Dep, MHREC, Horticultural Sciences Univ, Bagalkot-587 104, Email: shrutigondi103@gmail.com) : Evaluation studies of oriental pickling melon (Cucumis melo L. var. conomon) genotypes for growth, yield and quality traits. Green Fmg 2016, 7(3), 663-5.

A field experiment was carried out at University of Horticultural Sciences Bagalkot, Karnataka to study yield and quality parameters of oriental pickling melon. The results revealed that among the twenty four genotypes, GR-2-1 recorded maximum vine length (204.00 cm) and maximum number of leaves were found in GR-3 (201.66). GR-2-1 genotype recorded maximum number of primary branches per plant (7.49). BCMCO-01 genotype was superior with respect to yield attributes like number of fruits per plant (13.50). Highest fruit weight noticed in Udupi Local (1.31 kg), while maximum fruit yield was noticed in Sirsi Local (18.41 ton/ha). With respect to quality parameters, Sirsi Local genotype was recorded high TSS content (5.85° Brix). Maximum β - carotene content was found in Soubhagya (0.69 μg/100g). Where in highest total sugars were noticed in Sirsi Local (4.96%) and higher reducing sugar in GR-1-1 (2.65%). Non reducing sugars were maximum in Sirsi 2-13 (4.34%). Though oriental pickling melon is an under exploited crop, it has good yield and quality attributes. Thus identification of promising genotypes as a commercial crop for the area with high yield and quality fruits would help the farmers in its adoption and improving their economic status.

4 tables, 10 ref

010305   Shingisov A U;et al. (NO, M. Auezov South Kazakhstan State Univ, Kazakhstan) : Physicochemical characteristics of the new polyphyto-component composition for food industry. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(2), 879-86.

The physicochemical properties of the new polyphyto-component composition have been studied. It was established that the optimum content of hawthorn fruit, flowers of sage, oregano, thyme, basil leaves and clove buds in the new polyphyto-component at the following proportion 8 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 2 : 1. The highest yield of complex nutrients has been determined in the optimum condition of polyphyto-component preparation in 40% aqueous-alcoholic solution is the infusion duration of 4,5-5,0 hours. The experimental data have processed by the method of mathematical statistics. The investigated polyphyto-component consists of essential minerals that improve the nutritional value and enrich the functional properties, such as macro-elements: Ca - 1552,44 mg, K - 588,83 mg, Na - 387,88 mg, P - 372,63 mg, Mg - 241,94 mg; as well as micro-elements: Fe - 1134,66 mcg, B - 1459,31 mcg, Zn - 110,62 mcg, Cu - 3,065 mcg, Cr - 3,521 mcg. By chromatographic analysis a new polyphyto-component composition has been identified that contains of 6,0 mg/l of important ascorbic acid.

7 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref

010304   Sharma S K (NO, Directorate of Sericulture, Government of Maharashtra, ) : Status of tasar eco-races and need of conservation. Bull Indian Acad Seric 2016, 20(1-2), 39-43.

In India wild Tasar culture practiced as not only an industry, but also as tradition. It is the only of late that tasar culture transformed from an age old tradition to an industry due to its rich production potentialities and steady demand of the product within and outside the country. The production of Tasar raw silk in year 2011-12 was 1,590 MT while during last year (2014-15) it has increased to 2,434 MT. Its true potential still remains unexploited. Tasar cocoon and raw silk production does not always increase due to depletion of natural forest area in general and host flora of Tasar in particular. In this context the status, distribution, biodiversity and conservation of Tasar species along with their host plants have been discussed.

5 tables, 6 ref

010303   Sharma J;Tomar S S;Rajput R L;Prajapati B L; Yadav S (Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, College of Agriculture, Gwalior-474 002, Email: dr.joni@rediffmail.com) : Effect of fertility levels and weed management practices on physiological growth parameters of irrigated wheat. Green Fmg 2016, 7(3), 633-7.

A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2010-11 and 2011-12 to evaluate the effect of fertility levels and weed management practices on physiological parameters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at the Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Gwalior. The results revealed that the significantly higher values of plant height and number of leaves were found with the combined application of pinoxaden + carfentrazone-ethyl followed by pinoxaden + metsulfuron-methyl as compare to control and at par with weed free plot. The values of LAI, LAD, CGR and AGR were increasing up to 90 DAS and RGR up to 60 DAS growth stage and then decline up to maturity. However, LAR and NAR were found highest at 30 DAS and decreasing up to maturity stage. The values of dry matter, LAI, LAD, CGR, RGR, NAR and AGR were recorded higher with 125% RDF. The similar trend was observed in LAR up to 60 DAS, but at 90 DAS and maturity stage it was observed higher with 100% RDF. Among the weed control treatments the highest values of LAI, LAD, NAR, CGR and AGR were recorded under weed free plot which was followed by pinoxaden + carfentazone-ethyl and pinoxaden + metsulfuron-methyl at almost all the crop growth stage. However, the maximum values of RGR were noted under weed free plot which was followed by pinoxaden + metsulfuron-methyl and pinoxaden + 2,4-D, whereas, pinoxaden + carfentazone-ethyl and pinoxaden + 2,4-D obtained minimum value of LAR at 90 DAS and maturity stage of crop, respectively. The highest grain and straw yield recorded in weed free plot while minimum in weedy plot. However, the combined application of pinoxaden + carfentrazone-ethyl was found statistically at par with weed free plot in respect of grain and straw yield.

4 tables, 16 ref

010302   Sharma A;Hariyale V;Tambi S B;Sharma S N; Pathak K N (Extension Dep, RAK Agriculture College, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh, Email: abhilashasharmakcc@gmail.com) : Awareness of farm women in improved cattle management practices in Sehore district of Madhya Pradesh: a study. Indian J soc Res 2016, 57(4), 577-83.

The present study was conducted in Sehore district of Madhya Pradesh during 2011-12 at Department of Agricultural Extension, R.A.K. College of Agriculture Sehore (M.P.). The main objective of the study was to determine extent of awareness of dairy farm women in improved cattle management practices and to find out relationship between independent attributes of dairy farm women with their extent of awareness of improved cattle management practices. The study revealed that majority of the dairy farmwomen have full awareness followed by partial awareness. On the other hand, the study revealed that the relationship of awareness of farm women with independent variable was found positive and significant relation with the improved cattle management practices.

3 tables, 6 ref

010301   Sharipova D S;Aitbayev T E;Tazhibayev T S; Nacheva E K (NO, Kazakh National Agrarian Univ, Almaty, Kazakhstan) : Impact of new and improved elements of agricultural technologies on potato productivity in the South-east of Kazakhstan. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(2), 1031-6.

There are results of research on the effectiveness of new and improved elements of potato cultivation technology applied to the soil and climatic conditions of a foothill zone in the south-east of Kazakhstan. It has been established the influence of various precursors in crop rotations, irrigation technologies, new varieties of potatoes and fertilizer systems on yield, quality and keeping capacity of tubers. It was found that the productivity of a potato has increased by 33,7-39,8% when placing at the best predecessors in crop rotations, by 9,02-12,89% when using water-saving technologies, in the selection of highly productive varieties by 12,5-19, 6%, and while improving the conditions of mineral nutrition - from 18,6 up to 47,3%.

3 tables, 15 ref

010300   Shahi U P;Deshraj;Dwivedi A;Dhyani B P;Ashok Kumar;Roop Kishore (Soil Science Dep, Sardar Valabhbhai Patel Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut-250 110, Email: ashishdwivedi842@gmail.com) : Yield maximization of late sown wheat through INM approach and its consequence on physico-chemical properties of soil. Green Fmg 2016, 7(3), 638-41.

A thrice replicated field trial was conducted in rabi season 2012-13 at SVPUAT Meerut to evaluate different INM module for yield maximization, the experimental results revealed that plant height, number of tillers m-2, dry matter accumulation at 30 DAS and at harvest, and 1000 grain's weight showed an increase with increase in the NPK fertilizer levels. 125% RDF recorded significantly highest grain yield (3.61t ha^{-1) and straw yield (4.68 t ha-1). Moreover, application of 125% NPK was recorded 48.1, 42.6 and 50.0% available N, 122.2, 125.7 and 174.5% available P and 48.9, 33.0 and 33.7% available K at 30, 60 DAS and at harvest, respectively as compared to control and maximum uptakes of N (56.72 and 25.30 kg ha-1), P (9.75 and 6.55 kg ha-1) and K (25.29 and 74.94 kg ha-1) in grain and straw, respectively. Furthermore, higher benefit cost ratio was also fetches by the application of 125% NPK.}

4 tables, 11 ref

010299   Senapati M D;Das R;Sarkar B N;Sarmah M C; Ahmed S A (Eri Seed Lab, Germplasm Conservation Centre, Central Muga Eri Research & Training Institute Central Silk Board, Lahdoigarh-785 700, Email: mamoni.d.senapati@gmail.com) : Standardization of mother moth examination for pebrine detection in Samia species and diagnosis of pebrine disease for commercial seed production. Bull Indian Acad Seric 2016, 20(1-2), 11-15.

Eri silkworm of the genus Samia is infected by protozoan disease, pebrine caused by microsporidian Nosema species. The disease is transmitted to the next generation either through the eggs or consumption of contaminated leaves and it hinder eri seed production. So to prevent this disease strict mother moth examination is must. Presently for diagnosis of pebrine disease is done using examination of eri silk mother moth, includes random selection of eri silk moths after laying the eggs followed by grinding, filtering centrifuging and finally examination under microscope in 600 x magnification following the same procedure practising in Antheraea assama / Bombyx mori. As the size of Bombyx mori female mother moth is about 1cm to 1.5cm., the size of the A. assama female mother moth is about 3.5cm to 4 cm and that of Samia species is about 2.5cm to 2.8 cm. So, considering the size of the mother moth of Samia species and to standardize the existing technology the new procedure was evolved. The experiment has been conducted three times with slight alteration, addition, deletion, refinement of the procedure described earlier.

1 illus 13 ref

010298   Seidzimova D;Aitbayev T;hunfnagel L;Kampitova G;Rakhymzhanov B (NO, Kazakh National Agrarian Univ, Kazakhstan, 050010, Almaty, Abay Avenue, 8) : Prospects for using sprinkler irrigation for carrots (Daucus carota L.) in the foothills of South-east Kazakhstan. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(2), 653-9.

The soil and climatic conditions of south-east Kazakhstan are favorable for growing sufficient amounts of agricultural crops, including vegetables. Kazakhstan was on the bottom line in terms of water supply among the post-Soviet countries before it became an independent state. Therefore, among recent tendencies there is a shortage of irrigation water and worsening of soil fertility mostly associated with global warming/climate change, and as a consequence of the irrigation systems' destruction during the period of changes. Consequently, such issues encourage agricultural scientists to investigate and adapt water-saving technologies to the local soil and climatic conditions. These technologies allow water saving and protect the soil from erosion due to irrigation, as well as increasing the productivity of agricultural crops of particular vegetables. Thus, in the conditions of the south-east Kazakhstan several studies have been conducted to evaluate the sprinkler irrigation system (finely dispersed irrigation) for carrots. The aim of this paper is to assess the effect of sprinkler irrigation on the water consumption of the carrot crop, contamination of the fields, yield and quality of the product. It has been established that finely dispersed irrigation (sprinkler irrigation) helps to conserve irrigation water by 18.44% on the carrot sowings compared to traditional method of watering. Moreover, sprinkler irrigation contributed to higher yields of the carrot, improved the product quality and led to the reduction of the field contamination.

2 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref

010297   Santosh Kumar;Singh N K;Rajesh Kumar; Nilanjaya;Chandan Kumar;Priti Kumari (Plant Breeding and Genetics Dep, Rajendra Agricultural Univ, Pusa, Samastipur-848 125, Email: santoshpbg@yahoo.com) : Pattern of relationship among yield and yield component traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under drought condition. Green Fmg 2016, 7(3), 532-6.

A study of interrelationship and cause-effect analysis of grain yield and its component traits was carried out using twenty one rice genotypes under drought condition. The component traits viz., harvest index (0.693), tillers per plant (0.644), recovery per cent after stress (0.582), proline accumulation in leaves (0.443), grains per panicle (0.412) showed positive and significant correlation with grain yield per square meter at genotypic level. The maximum direct effect with grain yield per square meter was observed for harvest index (0.5867) followed by days to maturity (0.5782) and test weight (0.4977) genotypic level. The strong positive correlation between component traits and grain yield per square meter with high direct effect indicated the true relationship between them, therefore direct selection though this trait will be effective for yield improvement.

4 tables, 22 ref

010296   Sandilya S P;Dutta P;Bhuyan P M;Debnath R; Changmai A;Neog K;Gogoi D K (Biotechnology Section, Central Muga Eri Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Lahdoigarh, Jorhat-785 700, Email: gkdeep@rediffmail.com) : Aeromonas caviae CSB04, a causal organism of bacterial flacherie in muga silkworm (Antheraea assamenis Helfer). Curr Sci 2017, 112(1), 32-34.

3 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

010295   Salehi S;Gholami S;Menati M;Naseri S;Parvin T (Young Researchers and Elite Club, Kermanshah Branch, Islamik Azad Univ, Kermanshah, Iran) : Effects of morphological traits on qualitative and quantitative yield of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(2), 711-14.

Determination of the best selection indices in early generations through traits having heritability higher than yield as well as correlated significantly with seed yield is one of the most important breeding procedures. In order to determination of the most yielding bread wheat genotypes, identification of the traits affective on seed and protein yield as well as parents of the best crosses an experiment was conducted during 2014-2015. The randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Bread wheat genotypes comprised; Sepahan and Roshan cultivars as controls along with 18 lines entitled M-93-3 to M-93-20. Correlation analysis showed significant and positive reltionship among sedd yield and other traits. More over, step-wise regression and path analysis designated that grain filling rate, grain filling duration and no.spike/m2 were the best indirect selection criteria to increase seed yield in common wheat. Increasingly, peduncle length, no. seed/spike and no. spikelet/spike were recommended to improve spike yield while peduncle diameter, days to flowering, days to maturity and plant height for photosynthetic reservoir improvement.

2 tables, 16 ref

010294   Saini J;Sharma T;Jain A K;Nirmala Kumari (Animal Nutrition Dep, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, R.U.V.A.S., Bikaner-334 001, Email: dr.jeetu.saini@gmail.com) : Effect of ashwagandha supplementation on the performance of broiler chicks in arid zone of Rajasthan. Indian J soc Res 2016, 57(4), 513-19.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ashwagandha supplementation on body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and performance index. Three hundred chicks were divided into 5 groups of 60 chicks in each group. The five treatments were designated as T1 control group (without herb), T2 having 0.5% Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), T3 having 1.0% Ashwagandha, T4 having 1.5% Ashwagandha, and T5 having 2.0% Ashwagandha. Significant effects of dietary treatments i.e. incorporation of Ashwagandha at different levels on body weight gain and feed consumption were observed. Whereas, feed conversion ratio and performance index exhibited non significant effect.

2 tables, 13 ref

010293   Roy M K;Hembram S;Dutta S;Ray S (Plant Pathology Dep, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Coochbehar-736 165, Email: murariubkv@gmail.com) : Effects of antagonistic and compatibility of some native Trichoderma spp. under Terai agro-ecological region of W.B.. Green Fmg 2016, 7(3), 694-7.

Trichoderma spp. are fungi that are present in substantial numbers in nearly all agricultural soils. They received attention mainly due to their importance in biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens. They are used in reasonably large quantities in plant agriculture both for disease control and increased yield. Tri Pun2 followed Tri Pun inhibited maximum mean growth of soil borne plant pathogens during dual culture methods. On the basis of microscopic observation and growth characteristics native Tri-Pun and Tri-Pun2 isolates were tentatively identified as T. virens and T. harzianum, respectively. Though the competitive saprophytic ability (CSA) of Thdl was best as compared to native isolates, Tri Pun and Tri Pun2 also belong to higher CSA group. Tri Pun and Tri Pun2 were compatible with chlorpyriphos upto 500 ppm concentration and 50% inhibition in growth was observed beyond 500 ppm concentration. Tri Pun2 was comparatively less sensitive than Tri Pun against chlorpyriphos. Both Tri Pun and Tri Pun2 were compatible with mancozeb. Tri-Pun2 was found to be the most effective after Bavistin for management of web blight disease of mungbean. The efficacy of native Trichoderma isolate in reducing web blight infection of mungbean was statistically at par with application of carbendazim @ 0.1%, thus reducing our dependency on chemical pesticides to some extent and consequent hazards to our ecosystem, which need further exploration.

5 tables, 14 ref

010292   Ravindranath N;Patil S N;Satish P;Anupama H; Sunkam M (Fruit Science Dep, College of Hortic., Bagalkot, Hortic. Sciences Univ, Bagalkot-587 104, Email: ravindranaik108@gmail.com) : Effect of rooting media on growth, survival and economics production of air layers of guava cv. Sardar. Green Fmg 2016, 7(3), 702-5.

The experiment was carried out during the year 2014-15 at Division of Fruit Science, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot with fifteen different rooting media and with their combinations in guava cv. Sardar. Among the treatments, the sphagnum moss and coco peat was found to be better rooting media. Number of leaves (12.33), number of shoots (3.66) and survival percentage (72.22%) was higher in sphagnum moss. The plant height at 30 and 60 days (30.70 cm and 31.23 cm) respectively after transferring of layers to polybags, fresh and dry weight of roots (0.52 g and 0.36 g) respectively and leaf area (5.07 cm2) was found to be maximum in coco peat. The coirpith recorded lesser number of primary, length, longest, diameter of primary roots and survival percentage.

1 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref

010291   Rathod M K;Dhirwani H;Rai M M (Centre for Sericulture and Biological Pest Management Research (C.S.B., RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur-440 022, Email: mrathod111@rediffmail.com) : Effect of gentamycin and erythromycin on bacterial disease in bivoltine hybrid race CSR6 x CSR26 (FC1) of silkworm, Bombyx mori L.. Bull Indian Acad Seric 2016, 20(1-2), 1-5.

Most important factor that influences silkworm rearing is bacterial and flacherie disease. The pathogenic bacteria isolated from diseased silkworm, their pathogenicity against the silkworm and sensitivity to antibiotics were evaluated. Gentamycin and Erythromycin were successful in controlling the mortality in the silkworm. Larval duration was also reduced with antibiotics, which led to reduction in food consumption. Silkworm mortality reduced from 50-60 to 22-38% with antibiotics treatment. The results suggested that, application of selective antibiotics at early stage will prevent severe disease condition in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.

2 tables, 26 ref

010290   Rante H;Ali A;Thamrin S (Pharmacy Faculty, Hasanuddin Univ, Makassar, Indonesia, Email: h_rante@yahoo.co.id) : Development of formula based on tropical actinomycetes to prevent pepper stem rot diseases (A case of attack pepper (Phytophthora capsici) stem rot disease). Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2016, 18(2), 345-50.

The research to gain a biofungicide formula as a biological agent for suppressing and controlling pepper pathogen fungi has been conducted. This research was carried out by formulating active ingredient of the extract and biomass strain of Streptomyces sp WGKP. The research was using randomized block design (RBD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications. Application of formula was done by spraying of substances include (A) partial purified extract + 1Kg of carrier materials, (B) biomass (108 CFU/g carrier materials), (C) commercial fungicide, and (D) controls. The parameters were observed such as percentage of infection, the effectiveness of treatment, antifungal activity and viability of biomass to the shelf life. The results revealed that there were no differences in the percentage of infections among all the treatments, but significantly different from control on a field scale trial. The same thing is shown by the effectiveness of the treatment on the field scale trial. However, in tests in planta in polybags showed that the effectiveness of the treatment was significantly different between treatments. Therefore, our results suggest that the application of extracts and biomass from the strain WGKP as an active biofungicide material is very prospective to control and prevent the spread of fungi Phytophthora capsici.

s, 1 table, 12 ref

010289   Ranjan A;Ashwani Kumar;Thakur S;Gulati K; Shrivastav C;Jindal T (Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management, Amity Univ, Noida, Sector-125, Uttar Pradesh, Email: aranjan@amity.edu) : Lantana camara as an alternative for biological control of pulse beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2016, 18(2), 535-9.

Callosobruchus maculatus cause huge annual loss to leguminous crops in every part of the world. Several plants have been previously investigated for its insecticidal, activity against varieties of insects. In the present study aerial parts of Lantana camara (L.camara) were evaluated for its insecticidal activities against C. maculatus. Ovipositions, egg deterrent activity and effects on adult emergence for C. maculates and germinations, weight and seed loss against Vigna radiata were carried out with methanol extract of L. camara. Seven different concentrations were studied among which 5.0% dose was highly significant. This dose exhibited 71.15% of egg deterrent activity and also very significantly prevented the seeds from weight loss and seed loss by 72.07% and 71.73% respectively. The adult emergence was lowest at 10.0% with 55.65% followed by 56.33% and 59.28% at 7.5% and 5.0% orderly. The experimental seeds had 95.25% germination in normal conditions and 37.5% after being exposed to the beetles. Seeds treated with 5.0% had considerably 84.25% germination even after exposure of pests. Study infers that 5.0% methanolic extract is most efficient to protect seeds from pulse beetle infestation. This dose helps in protecting crop byoviposition deterrence thereby reducing adult emergence, besides it also prevents weight loss and complete seed loss. Thus dose of 5% extract of L. camara alsoprotects germplasm of the seeds so that they can be used for further cultivation.

1 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

010288   Rana R;Singh G;Tanwar A K;Rakesh Kumar (Entomology Dep, Sardar Valabhbhai Patel Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of weather parameters on the infestation of yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas walker in basmati rice. J Ent Zool Stud 2017, 5(3), 24-7.

The present investigation was conducted to study the effect of weather parameters on the infestation of yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas Walker in basmati rice. Results revealed that the peak period of pooled maximum dead hearts (9.46%) of both cropping seasons was recorded in 35th standard week. Thereafter, infestation declined gradually, but again increased at reproductive stage of crop and the pooled maximum white ears (8.48%) infestation was recorded during both the seasons at 40th standard week. Regression analysis of dead heart formation explained 60.20-61.60 per cent variability due to all tested environmental factors combined while in case of white ears the variability ranged from 63.90-73.50 per cent. Stepwise regression of pooled data of both the years revealed that incidence of YSB was depended on rainfall.

2 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

010287   Ramya V;Nidoni U;Jayarama N;Ashoka J; Hiregoudar S;Ramachandra C T;Lavanya V;Gouda G P (Processing and Food Engineering Dep, College of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Sciences Univ, Raichur-584 104, Email: rajramya75@gmail.com) : Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of bioactive flavonoids from mulbery (Morus alba L.) leaf powder. Green Fmg 2016, 7(3), 738-42.

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) by using CO₂ as a solvent, a relatively new separation technique was used in the present study to obtain bioactive flavonoid compounds from dry leaves of Morus alba. Since carbon dioxide is a non-polar solvent, ethanol was used as co-solvent to increase the polarity of the fluid. The studied parameters were pressure (100, 150 and 200 bar), temperature (40, 50 and 60°C) and dynamic extraction time (40, 60 and 80 min). The optimum extraction condition occurred at 200 bar, 50 °C and 80 min. Extracted yield at optimum condition was then analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometer for quantifying bioactive flavonoid compounds. The results indicated that SC-CO₂ extraction is a promising and alternative process for recovering the bioactive compounds from mulberry leaves.

6 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

010286   Raja Naik M;Sreedhar D;Ramaiah M (Horticultural Research Station, Dr. YSR Horticultural Univ, Venkataramanagudem-534 101, Email: naik_raja2006@rediffmail.com) : Growth, flowering and corm production of gladiolus as influenced by various planting time and chemicals. Green Fmg 2016, 7(3), 673-6.

The present investigation was carried out to study the effect of different planting time and chemicals on growth, flowering and yield parameters of gladiolus cv. Urmi. The results revealed that, 3rd week of October planting (P₁) significantly increased all growth, flowering, quality and yield attributes as compared to other planting times viz., 3rd week of November (P₂), 3rd week of December (P₃) and 3rd week of January (P₄). While in case of chemicals, 150 ppm GA₃ (C₃) had significant effect on growth, flowering, quality and yield attributes as compared to control (C₀). In interaction, the treatment i.e. corms treated with GA₃ @ 150 ppm and planted during 3rd week of October (P₁C₃) was best with respect to growth, flowering and yield characters of gladiolus cv. Urmi.

11 tables, 22 ref

010285   Primyastanto M (Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Brawijaya Univ, Indonesia, Email: mimitprimyastanto@gmail.com) : Effect the usage of axle and second ship helper on fish capture of purse seine fishermen in Banyuwangi district, Indonesia. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2016, 18(2), 297-303.

This research was done in Banyuwangi District, East Java Province. The purposes are: (1) analyzing the business with axle tool and second ship helper, (2) analyzing the factors affecting the fish capture of purse seine fishermen. This research uses descriptive method. Data is collected by interviews, questionnaires and documentation. The analysis method used is business profits analysis and dummy regression analysis with equation CR = α₀ + α₁ SD + α₂ CN + α₃ FD + α₄ FE + α₅ EP + α₆ SF + α₇ GT + α₈ D + eu. This research is qualitative and quantitative descriptive. Study results are follows: (1) Business to use ship with axle tool can makes money of 184.090.909,00, R/C ratio of 1.58, profit of Rp.66.899.712,00. BEP sales of Rp.21.953.703.00 and BEP units of 4,390 kg. Profitability is 58.49%. Effort analysis for ship by second ship helper can makes money of Rp.306.590.909,00, R/C ratio of 1.60, profit of 115,671,596.00. BEP sales of Rp.28.739.225,00 and BEP unit of 5,747 kg. Profitability is 60.22%. (2) Factors that significantly effect on fishermen catch are the crew number (CN), fishing duration (FD), fishing experience (FE), engine power (EP), sail frequency (SF), and Gross tonnage (GT) of ship, while sailing distance does notaffect significantly on fish catch.

s, 3 tables, 24 ref

010284   Praharaj C S;Singh U;Singh S S;Kumar N (ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulse Research, Kanpur-208 024, ) : Micro-irriagation in rainfed pigeonpea upscaling productivity under Eastern Gangetic Plains with suitable land configuration, population management and supplementary fertigation at critical stages. Curr Sci 2017, 112(1), 95-107.

Water-a critical input for sustained crop production-is becoming limiting both under rainfed and irrigated condition. It calls for an effective on-farm management of water in field crops through micro-irrigation (drip-fertigation) that could take care of both drainage during rainy months and supplementary life saving irrigation thereafter. Therefore, the present field study involving three planting configurations and five drip-fertigation schedules were taken up in pigeon-pea (long duration) during 2010-12 under Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains at Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Significant grain yield advantage (19.6%) was with single drip-fertigation with half of N + K fertilizer at branching over farmers' practice (rainfed pigeon-pea, 2858 kg/ha). Drip-fertigation at both branch and pod development also out-yielded (3468 kg/ha) over improved practice (furrow irrigation, 3262 kg/ha). These yield levels realized were close to potential yield (2.5-3.0 t/ha). Twice drip-fertigated plots also had higher yield attributes (pods/plant, 100 seed weight and harvest index), lower water use, greater soil profile water content and water use efficiency (65.1 kg/ha-cm), higher plant nutrient (N, P and K) uptake with improved soil nutrient availability and greater net return (INR 9650/ha) over farmers' practice. A case study on a micro-scale was also given which could explore the possibility of out-scaling the technology.

5 illus, 7 table, 24 ref

010283   Powthong P;Jantrapanukorn B; Suntornthiticharoen P (Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit Univ, Pathumthanee, Thailand 12000, Email: pannapa_pt@yahoo.com) : Isolation, characterization and identification of roundup degrading bacteria from the agricultural area of Thailand. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2016, 18(2), 291-6.

Glyphosate is a base formulation ingredient in Roundup which is used as herbicide in the control of grasses and weed plants. Since its property is non-selective herbicide and extensive consumes by human, therefore bioremediation is a useful method to decontaminate glyphosate contaminated soils. In this experiment, the potential for biodegradation of glyphosate through enrichment and isolation of glyphosate biodegraders from soil and water in agricultural area was done. Microorganisms grew in minimal media with glyphosate as the only carbon source. Five from 19 bacteria isolated were selected by increasing concentrations of glyphosate in Roundup. The glyphosate degradation was quantified by the HPLC places degrading bacteria namely WPTR1.1.2-34%, WPTR5.41.1, 2, 3-35%, WPTR28.35.1-47.5%, WPTR 28.41.7, 8- 49.3%, and WPTR28.41.9-52.17% respectively in 7 days. Further, the optimal of temperature, pH, and salinity of the isolate has also been investigated and revealed that an optimum temperature at 37 - 45°C and was able to growth at a wide range of NaCl and pH. These promising glyphosate degrading isolates were tentatively identified biochemical and MALDI-TOF MS characterization as Klebsiella pneumoniae. It was indicated that K. pneumonia which isolated in this study could be useful in glyphosate biodegradation in agricultural area.

s, 1 table, 25 ref

010282   Pithiya I;Varu D K;Vaghasiya M (Horticulture Dep, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural Univ, Junagadh-362 001, Email: ilapithiya11@gmail.com) : Study of INM on growth, yield and quality in China aster [Callistephus chinensis (L.) Ness] cv. "Phule Ganesh Pink". Green Fmg 2016, 7(3), 677-9.

A trial was conducted to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and quality in China aster (Callistephus chinensis L.) cv. Phule Ganesh Pink. The experiment involves management of nutrients combined with chemicals and biofertilizers. The treatments included 100% RDF (N:P:K 180:120:60 kg/ha) T1, 75% RDF + Vermicompost (VC) @ 1.5 t/ha (T2), 75% RDF + Azotobacter 3 l/ha + PSB @ 2 l/ha (T3), 75% RDF + Azotobacter 3 l/ha (T4), 50% RDF + Vermicompost @ 1.5 t/ha + FYM 9 t/ha (T5), 50% RDF + Vermicompost @ 1.5 t/ha + Azotobacter 3 l/ha + PSB @ 2 l/ha (T6), 50% RDF + Azotobacter 6 l/ha + PSB @ 4 l/ha (T7), 50% RDF + Vermicompost @ 1.5 t/ha + Azotobacter 3 l/ha (T8) and Vermicompost @ 1.5 t/ha + Azotobacter 6 l/ha + FYM 9 t/ha (T9). The treatment receiving Azotobacter, PSB, vermicompost and 50% recommended NPK recorded the highest plant height, plant spread, number of primary branches, dry matter accumulation and yield attributes such as number of flowers per plant and flower yield. Application of Azotobacter + PSB + VC + 50% recommended NPK also registered significantly higher quality parameters such as stalk length, flower diameter, shelf life of loose flowers and vase life of cut flowers.

3 tables, 10 ref

010281   Phenow E A;Mezenov A A;Gigoolo Y Y (NO, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education ", ) : Experimental study of parameters of grain milling product separation in pneumatic screw classifier. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(2), 669-80.

The study was aimed to improve efficiency of sieve and screen separators by reducing specific load on a sieve (screen) through preliminary separation of the initial mixture of crushed material on air delivery stage in pneumatic screw classifier. Parameters of grain milling product separation in pneumatic screw classifier using planning of multifactorial experiment and processing of statistical data are presented. We have built pneumatic screw classifier prototype and performed its production check basing on these results.

8 illus, 5 tables, 15 ref

010280   Patil M G;Kushal Kavita K;Patil S S;Pampanna Y;Jaiprakashnarayan R P (Horticulture Dep, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences Univ, Raichur-584 104, Email: dr.patil_mg@rediffmail.com) : Inter-relationship of yield and its component characters in french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Green Fmg 2016, 7(3), 541-5.

The field experiment was conducted at New Orchard of Main Agriculture Research Station, Raichur, Karnataka, during the year 2013 and 2014 to study the correlation and path analysis in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Twelve genotypes of French bean were evaluated in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Pod yield per hectare had positive and highly significant association with pod yield per plant, pod length, weight of pod, plant height, leaf area, ovule number per pod, number of seeds per pod at both phenotypic and genotypic level. Path coefficient analysis revealed that leaf area, pod weight, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, pod length and pod width exerted maximum direct effect on pod yield per hectare at both genotypic and phenotypic level. Pod length had highest indirect effect on pod yield per hectare through weight of 10 pods at phenotypic level.

5 tables, 14 ref

010279   Patel M C;Patel D A;Patel K V;Soni N V; Satodiya B N;Jadav R G (Horticulture Dep, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural Univ, Anand-388 110, Email: mehulpatel375@gmail.com) : Genetic variability and correlation studies for fruit yield and quality parameters in mango (Mangifera indica L.). Green Fmg 2016, 7(3), 706-9.

Twenty mango (Mangifera indica L.) genotypes were evaluated at Department of Horticulture, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand during 2012-13 to study genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation coefficient. Wide range of variability was observed among twenty genotypes of mango for different plant characters. The highest range of variation was exhibited by fruit yield per tree followed by number of fruits per tree, fruit volume, peel weight and stone weight. High estimates of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation were recorded for all the characters except fruit width, TSS, Non- reducing sugar and total sugar, which indicated the presence of sufficient variability among selected genotypes for different characters. The narrow difference between genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) along with high heritability estimates for all the characters except tree canopy, indicating that these characters were largely under genetic control and environment had least influence on the expression of these traits. High heritability estimates coupled with high genetic advance were observed for all the characters except tree canopy, indicating predominance of additive gene action in the inheritance of these traits, hence simple selection would be effective for genetic improvement of said characters in desired direction. The correlation study revealed significant and positive correlation of fruit yield per tree with number of fruits per tree at both genotypic and phenotypic level, hence could be given due weightage during selection process for yield improvement of mango.

3 tables, 12 ref

010278   Patel J R;Patel G J;Prajapati K N;Patel K P (Tribal Research-cum-Training Centre Farm, Anand Agricultural Univ, Devgadh Baria, Dist. Dahod, Gujarat, Email: janakpatel15688@gmail.com) : Response of time of application and different nitrogen levels through fertigation on growth, cob yield & WUE of sweet corn. Green Fmg 2016, 7(3), 611-14.

An experiment was conducted during the rabi season of the years 2012-13 and 2013-14 at Tribal Research-cum-Training Centre Farm, A. A. U., Devgadh Baria, Gujarat to evaluate green cob yield of sweet corn under different time of application T1: Basal, knee high, tassel (soil application), T2 : Basal, at 20, 30, 40, 50 DAS (soil application), T3 : Basal, at 20, 30, 40, 50 DAS (Fertigation at 0.8 ADFPE) and nitrogen levels (N1 : 50 per cent RDN, N2 : 75 per cent RDN, N3 : 100 percent RDN and N4 : 125 per cent RDN). For securing the higher green cobs yield, the rabi sweet corn variety "Sugar-75" should be fertigated with 0.8 ADFPE along with 75% RDN (90 kg ha^{-1) and time of application at basal, 20, 30, 40 and 50 DAS (saving 25% nitrogen fertilizer) with (Rs. 155893 ha-1) and CBR (1:4.40).}

4 tables, 7 ref

010277   Patange N R;Chiranjeevi B (NO, National Agricultural Research Project, Aurangabad-431 005) : Bioefficacy of newer insecticides against pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) pod borers. J Ent Zool Stud 2017, 5(3), 28-31.

Among various insecticides under study, rynaxypyr 18.5 SP @ 30 g a.i./ha was most effective insecticide in minimizing the larval population of pigeonpea pod borers viz., gram pod borer, plume moth and pod fly. The treatment application of rynaxypyr 18.5 SP @ 30 g a.i. per ha shown the lowest pod damage (5.59 per cent) due to pigeonpea pod borers and recorded highest gain yield of pigeonpea (7.60 q per ha). The treatment application of profenofos + DDVP @ 2ml + 0.5 ml per lit and rynaxypyr 18.5 SP @ 30 g a.i. per ha recorded highest increase in yield over control i.e. 3.62 and 3.63 q per ha as well as maximum cost benefit ratio of 1:1.75 and 1:1.72. The results indicated that rynaxypyr 18.5 SP was more effective against pigeonpea pod borers and reducing the pod damage with its novel properties which ultimately leads to increase in yield and highest cost benefit ratio.

5 tables, 17 ref

010276   Orlov D A;Jungbluth T;Zhuchaev K V;Kochneva M L;Bogdanova O V;Hammer N;Threm J (NO, Novosibirsk State Agrarian Univ, 160 Dobrolyubova str., Novosibirsk 630039, Russia) : Influence of cooling system on the fattening pig welfare paremeters. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(2), 725-32.

The studies were conducted on groups of fattening pigs aged 3 to 5.5 months, which were kept in four sectors with different air cooling systems. For observation we used the animals assessment technique presented in a Welfare assessment protocol for pigs. It is revealed that the indoor air cooling method at temperatures in the control sector ranged from 19 to 26.6°C does not have a decisive influence on the suite of welfare parameters of fattening pigs (fatting young pigs) in spring and summer periods. Cooling method based on air inflow through underground tunnels provides a good level of ventilation, reduces the concentration of harmful gases, and ensures lower humidity as compared to control. At that, it reduces the incidence of cannibalism in pigs (P<60>0.05). The reduction of animal fouling in sectors with a high content of harmful gases with some reduction in temperature (by 0.8-1.5°C) and increase in relative humidity (by 1.3-4.3%) is possibly due to the inhibition of general activity of animals. The authors revealed also the effect of animal feeding (wet and dry feeding systems) on the animal fouling intensity (P<60>0.05). The incidence of cannibalism in pigs was decreased in the farm with dry feeding system (P<60>0.05).

2 illus, 5 tables, 16 ref

010275   Nosrati B;Mortazavi S M J;Nejadsattari T; Jonoubi P (Biology Dep, Faculty of Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad Univ, Tehran, Iran, Email: mmortazavi@sums.ac.ir) : Introducing the "NewMed effect":a new phenomenon which mimic radiation induced bystander effect and amplifies the biopositive effects of very low doses of gamma radiation. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(2), 981-9.

In this paper we present our findings regarding a phenomenon which mimic bystander effect and significantly amplifies the stimulatory effects of low dose radiation. Thirty Triticum aestivum grains served as the "control group" while in the 2nd group 30 grains were exposed to gamma radiation emitted by Tc-99m. In the 3rd group, irradiated seeds were transferred to a new culture medium. The seeds in the 4th group were discarded after irradiation andt new un-irradiated cells were transferred to the irradiated medium. Exposure of Triticum aestivum to very low levels of ionizing radiation in the range of a few mSv enhanced root length, stem length, germination capacity, germination speed, fresh weight and the chlorophyll content. It was interestingly discovered that transferring irradiated seeds to a new medium, enhances root length, stem length, dry weight and the chlorophyll content. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on the phenomenon we called it "New Med effect". As far as we know, this is the 1st report on the stimulatory bioeffects of exposure to very low doses of gamma radiation in Triticum aestivum. Further studies are needed to shed light on different aspects as well as potential applications of this effect.

11 illus, 42 ref

010274   Nizamdinova G K;Sagitov A O;Smith J J; Aitbayev T E;Amanov S B (NO, Kazakh National Agrarian Univ, Kazakhstan, 050010, Almaty, Abai Avenue, 8) : Evaluation and identification of bacterial diseases of tomatoes by the method of flash-PCR. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(2), 955-60.

In 2014-2015 was conducted a monitoring aimed for clarifying the species composition of bacterial diseases of tomato in the South East of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The identification of causative agents of bacterial diseases of tomato was carried out in the laboratory of the Kazakh Research Institute of Protection and Quarantine of Plants by using the method of molecular-genetic analysis - FLASH - PCR. As a result of research it was reviled a species composition of bacterial diseases of tomato, as well as preventive measures for the elimination of bacterial infection in the seeds.

4 tables, 12 ref

010273   Nishan M A;Girijadevi L;Geethakumari V L (Agronomy Dep, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram-695 522, Email: nshan.ma@gmail.com) : Yield and economics of organic nutrition in direct seeded rice. Green Fmg 2016, 7(3), 659-62.

Considering the importance of organic farming and growing demand for organically produced foods, field studies were conducted during the kharif seasons of 2013 and 2014 at College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala to develop an organic nutrient schedule for direct seeded rice. The yield attributing characters such as spikelets panicle-1, filled grains panicle-1 and panicle weight were found the highest when 100% RDN (90 kg N ha^{-1 ) was applied through organics (FYM @ 5 t ha-1 + 1/2 RDN by FYM + 1/4 RDN by VC+ 1/4 RDN by NC) compared to INM even though there was a reduction in grain yield by 13-15%. Results of the study also indicate that application of 75% RDN produced on par yield with 100% RDN through organic nutrition in both the years. Though the cost of organic production was 15-27% higher, the reduction in net income was only 6-14% than INM.}

5 tables, 9 ref

010272   Nimit Kumar;Paul S (Crop Improvement Dep, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, Email: nk.kakran@gmail.com) : Study of genetic variability parameters among linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes for yield and yield components. Green Fmg 2016, 7(3), 558-61.

Twenty five linseed genotypes were subjected to study the genetic variability at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Crop Improvement, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, during rabi 2013-2014. Analysis of variance revealed that the differences among all the genotypes were significant for all the traits. The phenotypic variances (PV) are slightly higher than the genotypic variances (GV) indicating high genetic variability for all the traits. High estimates of PCV and GCV were obtained for fibre yield, straw yield, biological yield per plant and seed yield per plant, indicated a good deal of variability in those characters signifying the effectiveness of selection of desirable types for improvement. High heritability was observed for all the traits indicated that the characters under study are less influenced by environment in their expression. All the traits except plant height under study showed low genetic advance. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percentage of mean (GAM) were observed for technical height, biological yield per plant, fibre yield, straw yield per plant and seed yield per plant, indicating predominance of additive gene action for these characters. Hence, simple selection based on phenotypic performance of these characters would be more effective. The cluster analysis showed that the genotypes were placed into four clusters, showing inter-cluster divergence, which is important for future hybridization programme for getting desirable transgressive segregants.

1 illus, 4 tables, 26 ref

010271   Narkhede W N;Nayak S K;Sutar V K;Jaware B R (Agronomy Dep, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani-431 402, Email: sular.vishal.14@gmail.com) : Impact of land configuration and nutrient management on productivity, quality and moisture use effiency of Bt cotton. Green Fmg 2016, 7(3), 606-10.

The field experiment was conducted during kharif season of year 2012-13 at Experimental Farm of AICRP on IFS, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani to study the impact of land configuration and nutrient management on productivity, quality and moisture use efficiency. The mean plot treatments comprised of three land configuration treatments viz., flat bed, opening of furrow after each row and opening of furrow after two rows while the sub plot treatments consisted of nutrient management viz., 100% RDF (120:60:60 NPK kg ha^{-1), 25% RDF + 10 t FYM + PSB + Azotobacter, 25% RDF + 10 t FYM + two row of bio-mulches of sannhemp, 50% RDF + 5 t FYM + PSB + Azatobacter. Opening of furrow after each row recorded the higher yield (1897 kg ha-1), quality parameters and moisture use efficiency (4.35 kg ha-1 mm) as compared to flat bed and opening of furrow after two rows. Application of 100% RDF increased yield (2007 kg ha-1), quality parameters and moisture use efficiency (4.42 kg ha-1 mm) followed by 50% RDF + 5 t FYM + PSB + Azatobacter.}

4 tables, 18 ref

010270   Nama C P;Sharma H K (Nematology Dep, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap Univ of Agriculture, Udaipur) : Bio-management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on cowpea (Vigna unuiculata L.). J Ent Zool Stud 2017, 5(3), 50-2.

A pot culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of fungal and bacterial bio-agents viz. Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 5 g, 7.5 g and 10 g/kg seed against root-knot nematode, M. incognita infecting cowpea. Chemical check (carbosulfan 3% w/w) and untreated check were also maintained for comparison. The results of the present study revealed that the maximum shoot length, root length, shoot weight and root weight and minimum number of galls/plant, egg masses/plant, eggs/egg mass, nematode population/100cc and total nematode population were recorded with T. harzianum @ 10 g/kg seed followed by T. viride @ 10 g/kg seed and P. fluorescens @ 10 g/kg seed T. harzianum @ 10 g/kg seed over the control.

2 tables, 15 ref

010269   MZID R;Chibani F;Ayed R B;Hanana M;Breidi J; Kabalan R;El-Hajj S;Machlab H;Rebai A;Chalak L (Laboratoire des Plantes Extremophiles (LPE), Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria (CBBC), BP 901, Hammam-lif 2050, Tunisie, Email: r_mzid@yahoo.fr) : Genetic diversity in barley landraces (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare) originated from crescent fertile region as detected by seed storage proteins. J Genet 2016, 95(3), 733-9.

2 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref

010268   Muthusamy R;Rajakumar S (Biotechnology Dep, School of Biosciences, Periyar Univ, Salem-636 011, Email: rmuthusamy.dr@gmail.com) : Antioxidative response in a silkworm, Bombyx mori larvae to dichlorvos insecticide. Free Radical Antioxidant 2016, 6(1), 58-63.

Antioxidant defense components protect insects by scavenging reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress. We therefore investigated the effect of an organophosphate insecticide, dichlorvos, on superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) as antioxidative biomarkers in silk worm, Bombyx mori (L.), larvae. The newly hatched larvae were reared on mulberry leaves containing 0.01. 0.1, 1 and 5ppm dichlorvos. The leaf diet with lowest concentration of dichlorvos did not significantly influence the activity of antioxidative biomarkers. Dichlorvos at 0.1 and 1ppm significantly resulted in increased SOD, GPx and GST activity, CAT and GR activity were decreased. Highest concentration of dichlorvos 5ppm significantly decreased SOD and CAT activity compared to control group, whereas GPx and GR activity were significantly increased than the control groups. Over all the date suggest that increased activity of SOD, GPx and GST could be involved in free radicals scavenging in B.mori larvae leading to oxidative stress by dichlorvos insecticide.

1 table, 34 ref

010267   Mula M G;Patil S B;Aden J;Rathore A;Vemula A; Kumar R V (NO, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRI, Patancheru-502 324, Email: mgm81259@gmail.com ) : Screening of pigeonpea genotypes for drought stress at early vegetative phase in alfisol and vertisol. Green Fmg 2016, 7(3), 507-11.

The objective of the study is to identify resistant genotypes for water stress condition at early vegetative phase. The results revealed that Alfisol impose moisture stress earlier as compared to Vertisol due to differences in water holding capacity. However, Vertisol restricts root length at deeper zone but allows prolific root growth at superficial soil layer as compared to Alfisol. The longest root length recorded in stressed environment suggested that moisture deficit in soil triggers roots to go further down to extract more soil moisture from deeper soil layers. It was also observe that, increase in moisture stress leads to defoliation, reducing leaf area to restrict transpiration losses and ultimately reducing shoot weight. Among maturity groups, extra-early maturing lines are more vulnerable to moisture stress as compared to medium and long duration lines. In early maturing lines, tendency of fast growth and development rate was observed as compared to medium maturing genotypes which can be consider as a mechanism for drought avoidance. However, the number of primary roots was more dominant in medium-duration genotypes (i.e. ICPL 14002) which is an important trait to be consider for imparting drought tolerance.

5 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

010266   Mukhanbet A K;Khusainov A T;Elubayev S Z; Balgabayev A M;Khusainova R K (NO, Kazakh National Agrarian Univ, 8 Abai, Avenue, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan) : Effect of fly ash application at cultivation of spring wheat on chernozem soils of northern Kazakhstan. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(2), 1007-15.

Fly ash is the main byproduct resulting from the combustion of coal at thermal power plants. The accumulation of fly ash in ash dumps is a global problem that has significant anthropogenic load on the environment. Moreover, fly ash contains the elements that make up the composition of the soil that allows their use in agriculture. According to foreign studies, the use of fly ash in agriculture as amendments has broad prospects, since it improves the quality of soil and crops, especially in emaciated lands. The article presents the research outcomes on the application of fly ash as a soil amendment when growing spring wheat on chernozem soils of Northern Kazakhstan. The studies were carried out for 4 rates of application: 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 tons of fly ash per hectare. It was revealed that the application of fly ash has a positive effect on water-physical and agrochemical indicators of ordinary chernozem and the yield of spring wheat. The optimum application rate ranges from 0.4 to 0.5 t/ha. The application of fly ash had no significant influence on the content of heavy metals in the soil and grain of spring wheat; the content of these elements did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration (MPC).

7 tables, 39 ref

010265   Mohanty N;Nayak L (P.G. Dep of Marine Sciences, Berhampur Univ, Berhampur, Odisha) : Studies on length-weight relationship and condition factor of Hilsa ilisha from Chilika lake, Odisha. Int J Fish aqua Stud 2017, 5(3), 35-8.

The present study describes the length-weight relationship and relative condition factor of Hilsa ilisha based on the length and weight data collected from Chilika Lake during January, 2014 to December, 2014. The specimens were collected using the gill net from the Chilika Lake. The work was carried out on 497 fishes ranging from 17.5 to 50.2 cm in length and weight of fishes ranging from 120 to 1370 gm. The value of correlation coefficient was calculated to be 0.9684 indicating a high degree of correlation between the length and the weight. The parabolic and regression equations were found to be W = 0.0174L^{2.99 and Log W = -1.75945 + 2.99 log L, respectively. The exponent value 2.99 nearly confirms to the cube law, and the condition factor showed continuous decrease with increase in length indicating a physiological response of the fishes to different environmental conditions of the Lake waters.}

3 illus, 17 ref

010264   Maousami;Singh B P (Extension Education Dep, IVRI, Izatnagar, Email: dr.maousami.my@gmail.com) : Livelihood related to forest among hill Korwa tribes of Chhattisgarh. Indian J soc Res 2016, 57(4), 569-76.

The study was conducted to find out the livelihood pattern of Hill Korwa tribes related to forest. Surguja district of Chhattisgarh was selected purposively for this study, as having highest population of Hill Korwa tribes. Four blocks were selected randomly from Surguja district. Data were collected through observation, semi structured interview schedule, discussion, diary writing and secondary sources. Results shows that Hill Korwa tribes depend heavily on forest. Non-edible and edible forest produce were collected by them for supporting their livelihood. Non-edible forest produces were fuel wood, timber, bark, and leave whereas, edible forest produces were various kinds of fruits, tubers, twigs, flowers, roots, leaves and games. The study also reveals the food gathering schedule and income generation from different forest products among Hill Korwa Tribes. For sustainable livelihood among Hill Korwa tribes sustainability of forest sector should be ensured. Government should also take measures to strengthen the marketing infrastructure for Hill Korwa tribes to profit maximization.

2 tables, 8 ref

010263   Mankad M;Patil G;Patel S;Patel D;Patel A (Plant tissue culture Laboratory and Dep of Nanotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand-388 110, Email: mounilbiotech@gmail.com) : Green synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticle using Azadirachta Indica A. Juss leaves extract and its Antibacterial Activity against Xanthomonas Orzyae pv.Oryzae. Ann Phytomed 2016, 5(2), 76-86.

A cost effective, simple and eco-friendly method has been developed to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica A. Juss. leaf extract. Different combinations, viz., substrate concentration (0.1 and 0.2 M ZnSO₄), reducing agent (2.5 and 5.0 ml leaf extract) and sunlight irradiation durations (20, 40, 60 and 80 min) were assessed for their ability of precise stabilized zinc oxide nanoparticle synthesis. Leaf extract components serve as both reducing and capping agent, while sunlight acts as a catalyst in the synthesis process. The biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were characterized by surface plasmon response, dynamic light scattering (DLS) for size and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for functional group identification. The intensity and number based smallest size of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were 84.26 and 27.85 nm, respectively with FTIR spectral analysis, indicated that the plant extract acted as the reducing and capping agents on the surface of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Antimicrobial activity of synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were tested against rice pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and showed a significant antibacterial activity compared to control.

9 illus, 2 table, 36 ref

010262   Manjunatha M V;Hebbara M;Kuligod V B;Patil S G (Agricultural Engineering Dep, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences Univ, Dharwad-580 005, Email: mvmusad@gmail.com) : Tree plantation for the control of soil salinity and water table in canal commands, India. Green Fmg 2016, 7(3), 649-53.

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Gangavati, Karnataka, India during 1991-2004 to evaluate the performance of six tree species viz., Hardwickia binata, Sesbania grandiflora, Acacia nilotica, Dalbergia sissoo, Casuarina equisetifolia and Azadirachta indica in saline-waterlogged soils and their impact on soil physico-chemical and hydrological properties. Tree performance was evaluated in terms of establishment and diameter at breast height (DBH) in different salinity blocks (range <60> 5 to <62> 15 dS/m). A. nilotica out performed all other tree species at all salinity levels. Higher establishment and better growth rates made it more suitable for saline conditions. H. binata remained comparable with A. nilotica especially at higher salinity. C. equisetifolia, which recorded better survival initially, appeared to be affected by the salinity as evidenced by considerable reduction in its establishment at higher salinity. Similar trend was noticed in case of DBH of tree species. Reduction in soil salinity and calcium carbonate was observed under all the tree species apart from improvement in organic carbon. Tree species such as A. nilotica and C. equisetifolia with higher bio-mass production exhibited greater bio-amelioration potential in saline vertisols. Water table depth receded considerably in the plantation area during both canal running and canal lean period; despite an increasing trend observed outside the plantation where field crops were grown. On the whole, the study established the role of trees in bio-amelioration of salt affected soils along with lowering water table of marshy lands.

1 illus, 4 tables, 24 ref

010261   Manjunatha B;Gowda A P M;Hareesh D;Ranjini T N (Plantation Dep, Spices Medicinal and Armoatic Crops, College of Horticulture, GKVK (PO), Bengaluru-560 065, Email: mallikarjuna.gowda@gmail.com) : Growth, yield & quality of kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) as influenced by seedling treatment with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Green Fmg 2016, 7(3), 680-2.

The field experiment was conducted to study the growth, yield and quality of Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) as influenced by seedling treatment with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria at College of Horticulture, Bengaluru, during 2012-2013. The experiment was carried out by imparting eight different seedling treatments viz., T₁ : Azospirillum lipoferum, T₂ : Bacillus megaterium, T₃ : Pseudomonas fluorescence, T₄ : Azospirillum lipoferum + Bacillus megaterium, T₅ : Azospirillum lipoferum + Pseudomonas fluorescence, T₆ : Bacillus megaterium + Pseudomonas fluorescence, T₇ : Azospirillum lipoferum + Bacillus megaterium + Pseudomonas fluorescence, T₈ : Control. The experimental result showed that seedlings treated with combination of Azospirillum lipoferum + Bacillus megaterium + Pseudomonas fluorescence recorded highest plant height (48.13 cm), plant spread (1603.03 cm^{2), minimum number of days taken for 50 per cent flowering (77.90 days), maximum fresh weight of leaves (47.67 g), stem (136.00 g) and root (20.00 g), dry weight of leaves (27.67 g), stem (91.67 g) and root (10.17 g), total fresh biomass (202.67 g/plant) and total dry biomass (129.51 g/plant), highest andrographolide content in leaves (2.23%) and stem (1.95%) at harvest and the maximum benefit cost ratio (1:2.39).}

4 tables, 8 ref

010260   Malik K M;Shiekh M Q;Nazki I T (Floriculture and Landscape Architecture Div, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir Univ of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar-190 025, Email: kmmalik2014@gmail.com) : Studies on low temperature storage and duration on flower and bulb production in Asiatic lilium cv 'Elite'. Green Fmg 2016, 7(3), 733-7.

The experiments were carried out at AICRP Floriculture Research Unit, Regional Research Station Wadura. (SKUAST-K) to assess the effects of low temperature storage and duration on flower and bulb production in Asiatic Lilium. Four temperature regimes (Ambient, -40C, 00Cand 40C) and five storage durations (1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks) were studied in cultivar "Elite". The storage temperatures had significant effect on growth, flowering and bulb characteristics of Asiatic Lilium. Bulbs stored at ambient conditions took minimum days to sprout (5.76). Ambient conditions also recorded maximum plant height (57.80cm) and more leaf number (58.72 plant-1) On the other hand 4 0C recorded minimum days for appearance of flower bud (48.96 days), minimum days to colour break (54.98 days) and earlier anthesis (57.19 days). This temperature regime was also best in producing maximum number of flowers (6.40 plant-1), largest flower (11.91 cm), more number of bulbs (2.75 plant-1), heaviest bulb (61.99 g), maximum bulb diameter (2.94 cm), increased number of daughter bulbs (1.89), maximum diameter of daughter bulbs (0.66 cm), highest scale size (1.22 cm) and finally recorded efficient propagation coefficient (2.75) where as -4 0C.was best in producing maximum number of scales (16.71). The influence of storage duration was significant on vegetative and bulb characteristics. Under 8 week duration, bulbs sprouted earlier (8.03 days). Again 8 weeks duration was superior in case of earliest appearance of flower bud (42.92 days), colour break (47.88 days), flower anthesis (49.82 days) weight of bulbs (80.78g), diameter of bulbs(3.60cm), diameter of daughter bulbs (1.21 cm) and scale size (1.90 cm). On the other hand 1 week duration was best in recording maximum plant height (63.15 cm), more number of leaves (72.99 plant-1), maximum number of flowers (4.45 plant-1), maximum flower diameter (10.25 cm), increased number of bulbs (4.01 plant1), more number of daughter bulbs (2.85), highest number of scales (21.81) and an efficient propagation coefficient (4.01).

6 tables, 23 ref

010259   Mahesh S;Hipparagi K;Biradar I B;Patil S R; Goudappanavar B (Fruit Science Dep, College of Horticulture, Bagalkot-587 104, Email: maheshsunkam81@gmail.com) : Effect of mango variety and time of grafting on graft-take, leaves & girth of rootstock in polyhouse and shade net. Green Fmg 2016, 7(3), 710-4.

An experiment was conducted at University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot to investigate the study the effect of mango variety and time of grafting on graft-take and number of leaves. The result revealed that among the six varieties, Pairi had taken minimum number of days (10.80 and 10.83) whereas, the maximum was taken by Mallika (15.10 and 15.84) both under polyhouse and shade net condition. The different time of grafting, the minimum number of days was taken on 30th September (11.25 and 11.70) grafted plants under polyhouse and shade net condition whereas, the maximum noticed on 30th August in polyhouse and 15th August grafted plants in shade net condition. The significantly highest number of leaves noticed in Baneshan (10.80, 11.58, 12.48 and 13.73) at 30, 60, 90 and 120 DAG whereas, the lowest number of was found in Khadar at 30, 60 and 90 DAG and Pairi at 120 DAG. The different time of grafting, the found to be highest in 15th August (9.00, 9.62, 11.30 and 12.87) at 30, 60, 90 and 120 DAG respectively whereas, the lowest number of leaves was noticed in 30th September (7.30, 8.57, 9.40 and 10.00) at 30, 60, 90 and 120 DAG respectively under polyhouse condition. The significantly highest number of leaves was observed in Mallika (8.23, 8.95, 10.62 and 11.38 respectively) whereas, the lowest number of leaves was found in Khadar at 30, 60, 90 and 120 DAG (4.35, 5.28, 6.05 and 6.75 respectively). The significantly highest number of leaves was recorded in 30th August (7.60, 8.38, 9.12 and 9.98) grafted plants whereas, the lowest number of leaves was found in 30th September (6.14, 6.60, 7.35 and 7.84) grafted plants at 30, 60, 90 and 120 DAG respectively under shade net condition.

4 tables, 22 ref

010258   Mahadevaiah C;Prasanna Kumar M K;Hittalmani S (Genetic and Plant Breeding Dep, Marker Assisted Selection Laboratory, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru-560 065) : Dissecting parameters associated with sheath rot (Sarocladium oryzae [(Sawasa) W. Gams & D. Hawkswl)] disease in rice (Oryza sativa L). Curr Sci 2017, 112(1), 151-5.

Accurate measurement of parameters contributing to diseases and their symptoms is important for identification of resistant genotypes. Present sheath rot scoring system such as disease incidence scoring system accounts for only percentage of disease incidence and not the disease severity. Disease severity scoring system is based on combined features of panicle exertion and lesion size, very laborious and less accurate in field condition. Existing disease index requires assigning of incidence-severity scores for each and every tillers in a plant and has greater difficulties in evaluation of large number of plants or breeding pools. Hence, we propose phenotypic parameters such as proportion of panicle exertion, proportion of diseased and healthy sheath and modified disease severity scoring system for accurate measurement of disease. A high-throughput and simple disease indices (severity index, lesion index, detached lesion index and panicle discolouration index) are proposed for accurate identification of resistant-susceptible genotypes.

4 table, 21 ref