007368   MOHAN B S, CHAMUNDESWARI N, HARITHA T, VERONICA N (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, Agricultural Coll, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh) : Screening of F_2:3 mapping population of swarna sub1 / ac39416a for anaerobic germination in rice (Oryza Sativa L.). Andhra Agric J 2019, 66(4), 623-7.

Phenotypic screening for anaerobic germination (AG) was conducted at RARS, Maruteru, West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, using 188 F2:3 biparental cross mapping population of Swarna sub1 / AC39416A along with parentsas per standard protocol in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with two replications. Anaerobic stress was created by submergence of trays with 15 cm depth of water in concrete tank for 14 and 21 days in two separate experiments. The level of tolerance to submergence during germination i.e AG percent in the population was recorded. After one week of de-submergence the observations viz., plant survival percent, seedling shoot length (cm) and seedling root length (cm) were recorded. Analysis of variance revealed significant variation for all the characters studied. Among 188 F_2:3 population screened, only 47 lines (for two weeks of submergence) and 17 lines (for three weeks of submergence) had shown more than 70% of AG. The mean AG (%) ranged between 0% and 95% in the population.

5 tables, 16 ref

007440   VIJAYKUMAR P, PANDEY N, KUMAR R M (ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad) : Effect of varied nutrient levels on productivity and economics of different rice varieties in irrigated ecology. Andhra Agric J 2019, 66(4), 619-22.

A study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of varied nutrient levels on productivity and economics of different rice varieties in irrigated ecology. The treatments consisted of combination of three levels of NPK (50% RDF, 100% RDF and 150% RDF) and six varieties (DRR Dhan 44,DRR Dhan 46, MTU1010,Varadhan, Sugandhamathi and Swarnadhan). All were tested in split plot design with 3 replications. The productivity (grain and straw yield) and economics of rice was significantly highest with the application of 150% RDF. The rice variety Varadhan produced highest grain yield and in the case of straw yield, the variety Swarnadhan gave the highest yield. The results of gross, net returns and B:C ratio was recorded highest with the 150% RDF application than the other nutrient levels and the variety Varadhan produced highest gross, net returns and B:C ratio than the other verities.

2 tables, 14 ref

007422   SOWJANYA A, RAO C P, MOSHA K, RAO C S, RANI Y A (Agronomy Dep, Agricultural Coll, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh) : Effect of phosphorus management practices on nutrient uptake, soil fertility status and economics of pearl millet in pearl millet-pulse sequence. Andhra Agric J 2019, 66(4), 614-8.

A field experiment was conducted during kharif and rabi seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla to evaluate the direct effect of phosphorus management practices on pearl millet and residual effect on pulses (blackgram, greengram and chickpea). In kharif season, seven treatments consisted of T₁ : No P, T₂ : 50% RDP T₃ : 75 % RDP, T₄ : 100 % RDP, T₅ : 50 % RDP + seed inoculation with PSB, T₆ :75 % RDP + seed inoculation with PSB, T₇ : 100 % RDP + seed inoculation with PSB with RBD design. While in rabi, each kharif treatment plots were subdivided into three plots to accommodate three different pulses. Thus, for rabi season study, residual phosphorus management practices were considered as main plot treatments and the three crops as sub plot treatments. The results revealed that significantly the highest nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake were recorded with application of 100 % RDP + seed inoculation with PSB but remained statistically on par with the treatment which received 100 % RDP during both years of experimentation and in pooled data. Similarly maximum net returns were also obtained in those treatments.

5 tables, 8 ref

007373   NAYAK B B, BHARATHI S, REKHA M S, JAYALALITHA K (Agronomy Dep, Agricultural Coll, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh) : Effect of crop geometry and levels of nitrogen on nutrient uptake and fibre quality of compact cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under rainfed vertisols. Andhra Agric J 2019, 66(4), 610-3.

A field experiment was conducted on clayey soils of Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur during the year 2018–2019 under rainfed condition. The treatments consisted of three crop geometries S₁ - 60cm × 10cm,S₂ - 75cm × 10cm, S₃ - 90cm × 45cm in combination with four nitrogen levels N₁ - 45kg N ha^-1, N₂ - 90kg N ha^-1,N₃ - 135kg N ha^-1 ,N₄ - 180kg ha^-1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with factorial concept replicated thrice. Nutrient uptake by plants at harvest was significantly influenced by crop geometry and nitrogen levels but their interaction was found to be non-significant. Different crop geometry and nitrogen levels under the study and their interaction effects on quality components of seed index, lint index , ginning turnout, upper half mean length (UHML), uniformity ratio, micronaire, tenacity and elongation was found to be non-significant.

2 tables, 14 ref

007302   CHAKRABORTY M, LUTHER M M, RAO C P, RAO C S (Agronomy Dep, Agricultural Coll, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh) : Response of groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) to nitrogen levels and plant geometry. Andhra Agric J 2019, 66(4), 606-9.

A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla on sandy upland soils during postmonsoon, 2018. The experiment consisted of four levels of nitrogen and four population densities laid out in randomized block design with factorial concept. The results revealed that among the four levels of nitrogen, application of 60 kg N ha^-1, recorded the highest drymatter accumulation, yield attributes (number of pods plant^-1, number of pops plant^-1), pod and haulm yield and soil available nutrient. Crop geometry with 15 cm x 10 cm spacing resulted in higher drymatter accumulation, number of pods plant^-1 and pod and haulm yield.

2 tables, 10 ref

007426   SURYAKALA A, MURTHY V R K, REKHA M S, JAYALALITHA K (Agronomy Dep, Agricultural Coll, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh) : Growth and yield of chickpea in vertisols of Krishna zone of Andhra Pradesh. Andhra Agric J 2019, 66(4), 603-5.

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2018 on vertisols of Agriculture College, Bapatla to study the effect of different sowing dates on growth, yield and yield attributes of chickpea varieties. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with factorial concept with three varieties (V₁ -NBeG-47, V₂ - NBeG-49 and V₃ - NBeG-119) and five dates of sowing (2^nd fortnight of October, 1^st fortnight of November, 2^nd fortnight of November, 1^st fortnight of December and 2^nd fortnight of December) and replicated thrice. Results revealed that the chickpea crop showing during 2^nd fortnight of October recoded significantly highest plant height, drymatter, yield attributes, grain yield and haulm yield compared to other dates of sowing. Among the varieties tested, NBeG-119 recorded significantly highest drymatter, yield attributes, grain yield and haulm yield compared to the other two varieties NBeG-47 and NBeG-49.

1 table, 9 ref

007427   SWATHI B, MURTHY V R K, SREEREKHA M, JAYALALITHA K (Agronomy Dep, Agricultural Coll, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh) : Study of pearl millet under different spacings and staggered sowing in coastal agro-ecosystem of Bapatla. Andhra Agric J 2019, 66(4), 600-2.

A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2018 on sandy loam soil of Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla. twelve treatment combinations were formed considering four spacingsin combination with three sowing dates. The results revealed that, among the four spacings tested 45 cm × 15 cm and among the dates of sowing 2^nd fortnight of July sown crop recorded the highest drymatter accumulation at maturity, yield attributes (number of earheads m^-2, earhead weight (g), test weight (g), grain and straw yield.

1 table, 10 ref

007396   RAVINDRANADH G, REKHA M S, VENKATESWARLU B, JAYALALITHA K (Agronomy Dep, Agricultural Coll, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh) : Performance of foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.)] at various nitrogen levels. Andhra Agric J 2019, 66(4), 597-9.

A field trial was conducted on sandy clay soil of Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla, during kharif, 2018 with four varieties of foxtail millet in combination with four nitrogen levels. The results revealed that, among the four varieties, Prasad and among the nitrogen levels, application of 60 kg N ha^-1 recorded the highest drymatter accumulation at harvest (kg ha^-1), yield attributes (number panicles m^-2, number of filled grains panicle^-1, 1000 grain weight (g)), grain and stover yield(kg ha^-1).

2 tables, 7 ref

007353   LAKSHMI V N, RAO A U, RAMANA A V, JAGANNADAM J (Agronomy Dep, Agricultural Coll, Naira, Andhra Pradesh) : Optimization of seed rate and foliar nutrition for seed crop of dhaincha. Andhra Agric J 2019, 66(4), 592-6.

A field experiment was conducted on “Optimization of seed rate and foliar nutrition for seed crop of dhaincha” during rabi, 2015-16 on sandy loam soil of Agricultural College Farm, Naira. The experiment was laid out in split plot design and it was replicated thrice. Treatments comprised of three main plots viz., (15, 20 and 25 kg ha^-1) and four sub plots consists of foliar application of three fertilizers (19-19-19 @ 1% (F1 ), KNO₃ @ 1% (F2 ), DAP @ 1% conc. twice at one week before and after flowering) and with water spray. There was a progressive and significant increase in plant height and drymatter production seed yield, stalk yield, gross returns, net returns and B: C ratio with increase in seed rate from 15 to 20 and 25 kg ha^-1. Yield attributes were significantly higher with lower seed rate of 15 kg ha^-1 compared to increased seed rates of 20 and 25 kg ha^-1. Foliar application of DAP, 19-19-19 and KNO₃ at 1% concentration twice at one week before and after flowering significantly increased the plant height, drymatter accumulation, yield attributes, seed yield, stalk yield, gross returns, net returns and B: C ratio compared to water spray.

2 tables, 18 ref

007369   NAIR M G, JAYALEKSHMI G, KUMAR N K (Kerala Agriculture Univ, Thiruvananthapuram- 695 522, Kerala, Email: mamatha.munnu@gmail.com) : Utility of integrated farming systems: A perception study from Kuttanad. Agric Sci Dig 2019, 39(4), 332-4.

This paper outlines the perception of farmer’s regarding the Integrated Farming Systems of Kuttanad, Kerala along with their socio- psychological and economic characteristics like age,family size, level of aspiration and product diversification. The study was carried out in the region called Kuttanad that lies in selected parts of the three district of the state of Kerala namely, Alappuzha, Kottayam and Pathanamthitta. This region is identified as a potent agricultural area that lies below mean sea level. The above listed socio- psychological and economic characteristics were also studied with suitable scales. Quartile analysis along with frequency, percentage analysis, ANOVA and correlation were the statistical tools used for the study. The study however identifies medium level of perception regarding utility of farming system among majority of both marginal and small farmers.

10 ref

007418   SINGH K, RINWA R S, KUMAR P, RANI S (Agronomy Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: kuldeepvartia73@gmail.com) : Growth, nutrient use efficiency and quality of spring sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) under different planting method and nitrogen level. Agric Sci Dig 2019, 39(4), 324-7.

A field experiment was conducted at Regional Research Station, Karnal, CCS Haryana Agricultural University during spring 2017 to study on different planting method and nitrogen level on growth parameter and nitrogen use efficiency of sugarcane. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with three replications. The treatments comprises of four methods of planting viz. conventional planting at 75 cm (M1), half ridge open furrow irrigation planting at 75 cm (M2), wide bed and furrow paired row planting (M3) and wider planting (M4) at 120 cm and six different nitrogen levels viz. control (N1), 75 (N2), 100 (N3), 125 (N4), 150 (N5), 175 kg N ha-1 (N6). Germination count was significantly affected by planting methods at 30 and 45 DAP, however, it was found to be non significant among nitrogen levels. Neither the planting methods nor the nitrogen levels had any significant effect on nutrient use efficiency, brix, pol, juice purity and commercial cane sugar. Significantly higher sugar yield (11.9 t/ha) was recorded in wide bed and furrow paired row planting which was 22.7, 8.2, and 6.3 per cent higher than conventional, wider planting and half ridge open furrow method, respectively. Lower sugar yield (9.7 t/ha) was recorded in conventional method. Among nitrogen levels, sugar yield increases with successive increase in nitrogen application upto recommended dose of 150 kg N/ha.

11 ref

007411   SHARMA S K, KUMAR A, SINGH K, KUMAR N (Agronomy Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Haryana, Email: sksharma67@rediffmail.com) : Effect of land configuration and weed management on yield and yield attributes of green gram (Vigna radiata L). Agric Sci Dig 2019, 39(4), 320-3.

To study the effect of land configuration and weed management on yield and yield attributes of green gram, a field experiment was conducted at Hisar during kharif 2016 in strip plot design with four replications. Ridge method of planting recorded significantly higher number of branches plant-1, seeds pod-1, 100 seed weight and seed yield in comparison to flat method of planting. Among the weed management practices, application of pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg/ha-PE fb imazethapyr 10 % SL @ 55 g/ha at 15-20 DAS recorded significantly higher number of branches plant-1, seeds pod-1, pods plant-1 and 100 seed weight compared to weedy check. Similarly the same treatment recorded higher yield to the tune of 236, 48 and 18 % over weedy check, pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg/ha-PE and Imazethapyr 10 % SL@ 55 g/ha at 15-20 DAS, respectively. Highest net returns (` 24632/ha), BC ratio (2.15) and weed control efficiency (94 %) was also recorded when pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg/ha-PE fb imazethapyr 10 % SL @ 55 g/ha at 15-20 DAS of green gram crop was applied.

9 ref

007413   SHILPA, SHARMA R, SHARMA A (Social Sciences Dep, Dr YS Parmar Univ of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan-173 230, Himachal Pradesh, Email: dhatwaliashilpi@gmail.com) : Trends, growth and variability of apple in Himachal Pradesh: 1973-2016. Agric Sci Dig 2019, 39(4), 311-5.

The present study was undertaken with a view to analyse growth trends and variability of apple crop in two different period’s i.e, Period-I (1973-74 to 1990-91) and Period-II (1991-92 to 2015-16) in potential and marginal apple growing areas in Himachal Pradesh. The results revealed highest growth rate in area of 3.78 percent per annum during P-I in potential areas. The growth rates in production in potential areas showed significant increase, while, marginal areas showed declining growth in all periods except P-II, that exhibit highest growth rates in production (5.86%/annum). Growth rates in productivity showed significant increase in P-II in all the apple growing areas with maximum growth in potential areas (3.88%/annum) except marginal areas where significant decline in productivity in P-I and overall period was observed. The decomposition analysis revealed that production variation in all areas in HP during P-I was due to area effect except marginal areas, whereas P-II was marked by yield effect in all apple growing areas on the account of varietal improvement. But, the overall increase in production was due to area expansion except marginal areas. Therefore, efforts should be made to improve the technology as well as extension of the technology to the farms through different research and extension agencies in the state to improve productivity of apple.

10 ref

007450   YUSUF M, KUMAR S, DHAKA A K, SINGH B, BHUKER A (Agronomy Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Haryana, Email: dhakaanilkumar@yahoo.in) : Effect of sowing dates and varieties on yield and quality performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Agric Sci Dig 2019, 39(4), 306-10.

A field experiment conducted during Rabi season of 2017-18 at wheat research farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India to study the effect of sowing dates and varieties on yield and quality performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications containing four sowing dates viz. 5th November, 25th November, 15th December and 5th January as main plot treatments and seven wheat varieties i.e. HS 562, HD 2967, HD 3086, HI 1544, MACS 6222, WR 544 and WH 1105 as sub plot treatments. On the basis of one year study it was concluded that among sowing dates, 5th November sowing is the most economical and suitable than rest of the sowing dates. 5th November sown crop recorded significantly longer spike (11.7 cm), higher number of effective tillers (98.3 per mrl), grains per spike (48.6), test weight (39.9 g), grain appearance score (8.3), hectoliter weight (82.9 kg/hl), grain yield (5432 kg ha^-1) and harvest index (39.0%) compared to rest of the sowing dates, while highest protein content (12.9 %) was observed with 5th January sown crop. Maximum net return (Rs.54, 262 ha^-1) and B: C (1.73) were recorded with 5th November sowing. Among the varieties, HI 1544 recorded significantly higher number of effective tillers (94.6 per mrl), grains per spike (48.4), test weight (38.6 g), grain yield (4920 kg ha^-1) harvest index (39.2), grain appearance score (8.1) and hectoliter weight (82.0 kg/hl), while variety WH 1105 resulted in longer spike (11.5 cm) and WR 544 in higher protein content (12.6 %) as compared to rest of the varieties. While comparing the interaction of varieties with date of sowing, HI 1544 produced significantly higher grain higher yield (6007 kg ha^-1) of wheat sown at 5th November which was statistically at par with WH 1105 (5833 kg ha^-1) and HD 3086 (5616 kg ha^-1) at same date of sowing. Delayed sowing of HI 1544 from 5th November to 25th November reduced the grain yield by 9.1 per cent; to 15th of December by 21.0 per cent and to 5th January by 42.3 per cent. 

24 ref

007370   NAIR R P, JAYSON E A (Wildlife Dep, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Thrissur- 680 653, Kerala, Email: rijupnair2009@gmail.com) : Occurrence of the Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica Kerr.1792) and the damage on plantation crops in the Nilambur Forest Divisions of Southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India. Agric Sci Dig 2019, 39(4), 301-5.

The damage to coconut and rubber plantations by the Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica) in the Nilambur Forest Division, Malappuram District was reported for the first time. The objectives of this study were to document the mode of attack and estimate the extent of damage by Indian crested porcupine in the plantation crops of the forest fringes. The study was carried out from June 2013 to May 2016 as part of the documentation of human-wildlife conflict in Malappuram District. Stratified random sampling, along with quadrat (10 m x 10 m) method was used to assess the crop damage. Estimation of the economic loss to farmers was carried out by using the market price of the coconuts during the period, collected from the website of Farm Information Bureau, Govt. of Kerala. The mean economic loss of crops damaged by Indian crested porcupine was Rs.1322.35/- per ha/annum. The debarking behavior of Indian crested porcupine on coconut palms (n=31), rubber trees (n=27) and consumption of newly formed bamboo culms (n=42) were also reported. No one has implemented proper mitigation measures against the Indian crested porcupine in the District.

20 ref

007405   SANEIENEJAD A, TOHIDI M, KHANIANI B H, SADEGHI M (Agronony Dep, Islamic Azad Univ, Dezful, Iran, Email: saneinejad.a@gmail.com) : Effect of foliar application of methanol on changes of antioxidant enzymes of Vigna unguiculata L. in water-deficit stress. Agric Sci Dig 2019, 39(4), 296-300.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of foliar application of methanol on the activity of antioxidant enzymes of Vigna unguiculata L. in water-deficit stress conditions. The trials were performed in a split plot design arranged in completely randomized block design with three replications in two years cultivation (2017 and 2018). Water-deficit stress treatments were considered in the main plots in four levels (25, 50, 75 and 100% of plant water requirement) and combined foliar application of methanol treatment in three levels (control, 10 and 20% vol.), and genotype treatment in two cultivars of Omidbakhsh 1057 and Mashhad in sub plots. The results showed that the effect of water-deficit stress and foliar application of methanol on the activity of antioxidant enzymes were significant (P £ 0.01). The effect of genotype on the activity of ascorbate peroxidase was just significant (P £ 0.01).

24 ref

007290   ASADOVA A (Institute of Genetic Resources, Republic of Azerbaijan, Email: almas.i.asadova@gmail.com) : Problems and prospects of the selection of bean (Vicia faba L.) in Azerbaijan. Agric Sci Dig 2019, 39(4), 291-5.

Newly created “Garaja” variety and the forms with lower lever of tanin introduced from ICARDA will allow widening of the field of Vicia Faba culture. Until present, culture of Vicia Faba in Azerbaijan was limited to household. In Azerbaijan, the sowing of vegetable beans does not have much production value. The culture is mainly used for research purposes and is cultivated in small areas, like garden. Therefore, the study of the morphobiological features of plants of the prospective variety in each region and the comprehensive study of the genetic resources of culture is relevant. The article is devoted to the results of a study of the local gene pool of horse or fodder beans and materials from ICARDA. Yield and analysis of crop structure, disease resistance were analyzed. Since samples with a low level of harmful substances are new for our republic. These studies are an important initial study for the subsequent production of new varieties. We hope that this will lead to an increase in the acreage of legumes in our republic.

15 ref

007432   TURAMYENYIRIJURU A, NYAGATARE G, GESIMBA R M, BIRECH R J (Crop Science Dep, Rwanda Univ, Rwanda, Email: adratur2005@yahoo.fr) : Assessment of soil fertility in smallholder potato farms in Rwanda. Agric Sci Dig 2019, 39(4), 280-5.

This study assessed soil fertility in potato farms of Birunga and Buberuka highlands agro-ecological zones (AEZs). It compared nutrients levels (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Na, S, Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe) and other parameters (pH, organic carbon [OC], cation exchange capacity [CEC], base saturation [BS], bulk density [BD] and texture) of soil samples. ANOVA revealed that pH of soils (5.53-6.50) varied from slightly to moderately acidic, BD fell below optimum for plant growth (< 1.8gcm^-3), texture was sandy loam to sand clay loam. Soil fertility for OC (3.33-5.53%), N (0.15-0.31%) and CEC (10.08-18.60 meq/100g) varied from low to medium; and medium to high for BS (34.78-61.91%); was qualified medium for P (5.75-9.20 ppm), K (0.21-0.54 meq/100g), S (6.46 - 8.15 ppm) and majority of micronutrients. Values from Birunga AEZ were higher than ones from Buberuka AEZ except for BD, CEC, clay, silt, Na and Fe.  There were significant differences between farms within locations for all parameters and significant differences between locations for all parameters except Na and Mn.

28 ref

007381   PADBHUSHAN R, KUMAR D, KUMARI R (Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Dep, Bihar Agricultural Univ, Bhagalpur- 813 210, Bihar, Email: rajpd01@gmail.com) : Influence of boron application on root growth of green gram in loam textured soils. Agric Sci Dig 2019, 39(4), 274-9.

Boron (B) is one of the important essential plant micronutrient elements and plays a significant role in physiological and biochemical processes in the legumes and brassica crops. Some of the alkaline calcareous soils are B deficient soils. Root of the crop acts as zone of nutrient absorbing. On its growth and functioning, uptake of any nutrient takes place. A greenhouse experiment with green gram crop was designed to study the effect of B application on root in some alkaline calcareous loam textured soils for two years. Three soils with percent calcium carbonate content 0.75 (S I), 2.1 (S II) and 4.56 (S III) were collected from different sites of Ludhiana and Bhatinda districts, Punjab, India. The treatments comprised of four levels of soil applied B viz. 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5 mg B kg^-1 and two levels of foliar applied B viz. 0.1 and 0.2 percent borax solution with common control. Soil applied B had more influence on root mean dry matter yield than foliar applied B. Among all soil applied B, 0.5 mg kg^-1 was best treatment. Soil applied B was more uptake by root as compared to foliar applied B. Among all three calcareous soils, Soil I with lower calcium carbonate was best soil in respect of root mean yield in comparison to Soil III with higher calcareous soils. At grand growth stage, the optimum yield (0.895 mg pot^-1) was obtained when root B concentration was 10.6 mg kg^-1 and the soil applied B level was 0.84 mg kg^-1 while at maturity stage, the optimum yield (1.28 mg pot^-1) was obtained when root B concentration was 10.6 mg kg^-1 and the soil applied B level was 0.87 mg kg^-1.

13 ref

007398   RAZA W, GHAZANFAR M U, HAMID M I (Plant Pathology Dep, Sargodha Univ, Sargodha- 40100, Pakistan, Email: waqasraza61@yahoo.com) : Fitness evaluation of Phytophthora infestans isolates collected from Punjab, Pakistan during 2017-18. Agric Sci Dig 2019, 39(4), 259-67.

Potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans) is an important disease causing severe damage in potato crop worldwide. Seventy seven isolates of P. infestans selected on the basis of aggressiveness were characterized for pathogen fitness test based on their lesion size, latent incubation period and sporulation capacity after their inoculation onto detached leaves of potato. The results showed that large variations in pathogen fitness were present among isolates for each regional P. infestans population studied. Those isolates selected during 2017-18 exhibited 85% and 74% successful pathogen fitness behavior respectively. Those isolates which had higher composite fitness index values were observed higher lesion size and spore count and same trend of pathogen fitness parameters was observed with respect to their districts during both the years.This is the first inclusive study to determine pathogen fitness of isolates in Pakistan. The experimental findings indicated that population of P. infestans in the Punjab province comprises diverse isolates with low to high fitness potential. A future challenge planned to combine our accumulated knowledge with that from other scientific fields to develop a disease management approach for late blight.

28 ref

007447   YAMIKA W S D, AINI N, WALUYO B (Agronomy Dep, Brawijaya Univ, Malang- 65145, Indonesia, Email: wiwinyamika@gmail.com) : Physalis peruviana L.: Growth, yield and phytochemical content- A review. Agric Rev 2019, 40(4), 324-8.

Physalis peruviana is one of the species in genus Physalis which is often cultivated in various regions including Indonesia. In Indonesia, P. peruviana is often called ciplukan. P. peruviana plants produce various phytochemical compounds which have benefical medicinal properties. P. peruviana plants have not been widely cultivated commercially as the information about cultivation practices of this plant are still limited. Many research activities have been done to study about its chemical and biological properties, but they are still not widely spread. Therefore, an effort has been made to compile the available inforamtion in this paper.

33 ref

007393   RANA G K, SINGH N K, DESHMUKH K K, MISHRA S P (Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur- 482 004, Madhya Pradesh, Email: rana93g@gmail.com) : Quinoa: New light on an old superfood-A Review. Agric Rev 2019, 40(4), 319-23.

In the busy lifestyle it’s very important to meet the nutrient from a few of sources, for nutritious and healthy diet there is a range of cereals and pulses. Among of them the quinoa has methionine and lysine amino acids. Besides quinoa is considered as a Super Food, majority of the population are still unaware about the dietary benefits of this food. Quinoa can be seen as a complete food for celiac patients too because of its gluten free property. MQB (malted quinoa beverages), have a diabetic and antihypertensive potential and hence, can be effectively included among diet choices for the management of diabetes and hypertension. Starch have higher water-binding capacity and higher swelling power than wheat and barley starch and is highly freeze thaw stable and shows little retrogradation due to low amylase content. The crude fat content in quinoa is 4.4-8.8%, with the essential fatty acids linoleic and linolenic acid accounting for 55 to 63%. After 48 hr of germination, vitamin ‘C’ in enhanced between the range of 10.56 mg/100g and 13.23 mg/100g.

22 ref

007319   DIVYA V U, SARKAR N C (Agronomy Dep, Visva-Bharati Univ, Sriniketan- 731 236, West Bengal, Email: divyaunnikrishnan53@gmail.com) : Plastic mulch pollution and introduction of biodegradable plastic mulches – A review. Agric Rev 2019, 40(4), 314-8.

The use of plastic mulch in agriculture has increased dramatically in the last 10 years throughout the world. The adverse effects of plastic mulch pollution in agriculture forced the scientists to search for alternatives. Studies in Xinjiang showed that residual plastic film mulch levels of 200 kg m^-2 in the topsoil (0–20 cm) affected the emergence rate of cotton seeds and reduced cotton production by 15%. Soil mulching for 5–20 consecutive years led to a 122–146% increase in the salt content of the topsoil. Efficiency of both plastic mulches and biodegradable mulches compared in terms of crop production, period of weed control, etc.

47 ref

007419   SINGH T, PRAJAPATI A, MARU A K, CHAUDHARY R, PATEL D J (Nematology Dep, Anand Agriculture Univ, Anand- 388 110, Email: tulikasingh006@gmail.com) : Root-Knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) infecting pomegranate: A review. Agric Rev 2019, 40(4), 309-13.

Phytonematodes are one of the major constraints in arid zone pomegranate cultivation under light to medium soil which cause severe yield loss to the tune of 17.3 %. Besides several plant parasitic nematodes, root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is predominant species threatening the pomegranate crop area by severe incidence of root-knot disease. It is known that Meloidogyne spp. are most active at moderate temperatures (22.0 to 35 ^oC) and optimum field capacity (about 50-60 %) by which the congenial moisture conditions during entire crop period favours the rapid multiplication of nematodes which finally results in wilting of plants. The nematode population is influenced by both biotic and abiotic stresses. Since, the systemic studies on seasonal incidence of root-knot nematodes under nematode sick microplot condition, assessment of avoidable loss due to root-knot nematode and use of potent bioagents with desire strength of cfu persistence in soil after application in pomegranate were yet not reported around the world.

32 ref

007349   KUMARI A, CHOUDHARY M (Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Maulasar- 341 506, Email: anopflori.25@gmail.com) : Crop regulation in guava: A review. Agric Rev 2019, 40(4), 303-8.

Guava (Psidum guajava L) is one of the most promising fruit crops of India and is considered to be one of the exquisite nutritionally valuable and remunerative crops. In recent years guava is getting popularity in the international trade due to its nutritional value and processed products. It is hardy, prolific bearer and highly remunerative fruit crop. Its cultivation is done on the commercial scale. There are mainly three bahar season of the guava fruit viz., Ambe bahar, Mrig bahar and Hasth bahar. Continuous bearing results in reduction of yield with small size fruits. The heaviest flowering is observed in rainy season cropping, but, the fruits of this season crop are rough, insipid in taste, poor in quality, less nutritive and are heavily attacked by many insects, pests, and diseases. In order to overcome this problem and to force a full crop in any of the three seasons, as required by the grower and the traders, bahar treatment is practiced. The main objective of crop regulation is to force the tree for rest and produce profuse blossom and fruits during any one of the two or three flushes. The methods to be followed for crop regulation depend on climatic factors, cropping pattern, extend of the damage by the disease and pests, market and industry demand, cultivar, etc. Crop regulation is achieved by the various techniques like water management to induce stress, pruning of shoots and roots at different levels and at different times, training of shoots and manual or chemical thinning of flowers. 

2 tables, 69 ref

007334   IZZAH A H, ASRINA W Y W (Crop Science Dep, Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus Univ, Bintulu- 97008, Email: asrina@upm.edu.my) : Black pepper in Malaysia: An overview and future prospects. Agric Rev 2019, 40(4), 296-302.

Cultivating black pepper in Malaysia started in early 10th to the 11th century when the South Indian Kings began to extend their empire. The crop was brought to East Malaysia in 1840 by Chinese settlers, actively planted until it was hit by the massive flood, fluctuation of the price and outbreak of foot rot. High yielding cultivars such as Kuching, Semenggok Emas and Semenggok Aman provided promise for better production, but resulted in increased soil degradation and reduced crop growth in Sarawak. The paper aims to discuss the black pepper industry in Sarawak and present scenario of its cultivation including future prospects. Cultivating on hilly topography with coarse textured dominant soil becomes one of the limiting factors. This factor is observed due to high rainfall intensity and steeper slopes. Neglected soil conservation also affects crop production and lead to a lower return on investments. Technologies such as land conservation and practising precision agriculture need to be adopted to reduce the impact of soil degradation and better production.

54 ref

007354   LAMO K, SOLANKI S P S (Fruit Science Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: Kunzanglamo1490@gmail.com) : Sea buckthorn a boon for trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh: A review. Agric Rev 2019, 40(4), 289-95.

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is an ecologically and economically important plant species and is currently being domesticated in various parts of the world including India. Sea buckthorn achieved a unique status in the trans-Himalayan Ladakh because of its immense medicinal and therapeutic potentials. High nutrient and medicinal values of the fruit attracts researchers to exploit in the field of biotechnology, neutraceutical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and environmental sciences. However, unrestrained exploitation and even destruction of sea buckthorn resources leads to loss in its diversification and extinction. Therefore, there is need to conserve the wild genotypes of sea buckthorn to make them available as a source for breeding of new plant varieties in future and judicious utilization of wild species can bring more benefit to mankind throughout the world.  Application of DNA markers to facilitate marker-aided selection (MAS) for diversity studies and identification of cold resistant genes have been developed, further improvements is still needed. Advances in plant genomics, genetic mapping and QTL analysis provide further means to improve the understanding of crop diversity at species and gene levels, it also accelerated the dissection of genetic control of important traits and development of high value genotypes in the context of breeding programs. Advances in biotechnology provided many tools that will benefit in providing quality planting material, generation of new cultivars and mass propagation therefore help in area expansion in areas like Ladakh. DRDO is an active organization in collaboration with other institutes to enhance the research field in sea buckthorn and grant patent on its products. There is no doubt that the future holds great promise for sea buckthorn cultivation in Ladakh and  efforts need to be made to certify sea buckthorn as organic. 

61 ref

007409   SHARMA P, NAIR S A, SHARMA P (Seed Science and Technology Dep, Dr. Y S Parmar Univ of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni-173 230, Email: sharmapramod827@gmail.com) : Male sterility and its commercial exploitation in hybrid seed production of vegetable crops: A review. Agric Rev 2019, 40(4), 261-70.

Male sterility is described as absence of functional pollen grains in hermaphrodite flowers facilitating large scale production of hybrid seeds in vegetable crops. It eases hybrid seed production at commercial level in crops like tomato, chilli, capsicum, carrot, onion, cabbage, cauliflower and cucurbits. Male sterility would reduce the cost of hybrid seed production by limiting the labour making it efficient and economical. Incorporation of biotechnological tools in conventional plant breeding techniques would aid the breeders in limiting the drawbacks surrounding exploitation of male sterility for development of new hybrids. The present review is an attempt to summarize and to know the commercial utilization of male sterile line in hybrid seed production of vegetables.

67 ref

006093   BHAT A M, MALIK H U, WANI N M, PAUL S, GUPTA S, DOLMA T, SINGH S V (Clinical Veterinary Medicine Dep, Sher-e-Kashmir Univ of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, Email: adil.majid724@gmail.com) : First report of Cryptosporidium sp. infection in sheep population of Ladakh, India. J Parasit Dis 2019, 43(3), 513–6.

Ladakh is the high altitude (11,184 ft above sea level) cold desert region in the state of Jammu & Kashmir (India), where winter temperature goes below - 35 C. A total of 37 faecal samples were collected from local Changthangi and Russian merino sheep of the Leh region of Ladakh, having the history of diarrhoea and emaciation, followed by death. Of the 37 samples collected, 20 (54.05 %) showed presence of Cryptosporidium sp. infection on faecal smear examination after Ziehl–Neelsen staining. The number of samples positive for Cryptosporidium sp. infection on faecal smear examination was 7 and 13 for Russian Merino and local Changthangi sheep, respectively. The occurrence of Cryptosporidium sp. infection was similar in both sexes, 11/20 (55 %) in females and 9/20 (45 %) for males. The Age-wise occurrence of Cryptosporidium sp. infection in different age groups was found to be: 50 % in less than 2 year age group and 50 % in more than 2 year age group. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Cryptosporidium sp. infection in adult sheep from India. The survival of the parasite at such freezing temperature gives the insight about its cold-resistant nature.

3 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

006117   JASMINE M, DHANASEKARAN D, SATHAPPAN C T, SEKAR K (Horticulture Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar- 608 002, Email: dhansflora@gmail.com) : Physiological response of foliage ornamentals in different nutrient solutions under hydroponic culture. J Ornamental Hort 2019, 22 (3&4), 119-26.

An experiment was conducted to study the response of different foliage ornamentals viz., Devil's ivy (Epipremunm aureum), Wandering Jew (Zebrina pendula), Arrowhead plant (Syngonium podophyllum), Philodendron (Philodendron erubescens), Boat lily (Tradescantia spathacea) on different nutrient solutions grown under passive hydroponic vertical garden module. The physiological parameters viz., Chlorophyll content, Membrane integrity (%) and Relative growth rate (g days^–1) was observed at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting. Results of the experiment revealed that the foliage ornamentals viz., Devils ivy, Arrow head plant and Philodendron grown under treatment T₃ (Cooper's solution) recorded the maximum chlorophyll content, while the others two viz., Wandering Jew and Boat lily recorded maximum chlorophyll content in T₂ (Hoagland solution) at all three stages of observation. At all three stages of observation, the highest membrane integrity percent was observed under Hoagland solution and the lowest membrane integrity percent was observed in the control treatment (Irrigation water). In all foliage ornamentals, the highest relative growth rate was observed in Hoagland solution and the lowest growth rate was found with Saparamadu's solution.

3 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

006183   SANGEETA K, DHIMAN S R, DHIMAN M R, SHARMA P, DOGRA R K (Floriculture and Landscape Architecture Dep, Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar Univ of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan- 173 230, Email: sangeetaa.bchhetri258@gmail.com) : Studies on genetic divergence among different lilium genotypes using D² analysis. J Ornamental Hort 2019, 22 (3&4), 113-8.

The genetic divergence studies among eighteen Lilium genotypes was carried out for two years in a Randomized Block Design with three replications at the experimental farm of Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Dr. YSP, UHF, Nauni, Solan (HP) under shade net house (50 %) conditions. Eighteen diverse genotypes were grouped into four clusters and finding revealed high inter cluster distances between cluster-III & cluster-IV indicating maximum diversification among these cluster genotypes. Cluster means helps in identifying and selecting the superior genotypes to be used for hybridization and improvement programme. 

1 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

006210   THAKUR S, DHIMAN S R, SHARMA Y D (Floriculture and Landscape Architecture Dep, Dr. Y.S. Parmar Univ of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan-173 230, Email: thakurshailja10@gmail.com) : Effect of different media and gelling agents on shoot multiplication efficacy of Gypsophila paniculata L. cv. 'Bristol Fairy'. J Ornamental Hort 2019, 22 (3&4), 108-12.

Gypsophila paniculata L. cv, 'Bristol Fairy' is an important cut flower in international cut flower trade. The cultivation of this crop is easy but most of the modern cultivars do not set seeds. Its propagation through vegetative means is not easy and plant propagation has always faced difficulties in rooting. Since the use of tissue cultured techniques for its further multiplication became important, hence, present study was carried on out to determine the effect of different media (MS medium, B5 (Gamborg) medium and modified MS medium) and gelling agents (agar and gelrite) on shoot multiplication efficacy in Completely Randomized Design with six treatment combinations and five replications. Highest efficiency of adventitious shoot regeneration was obtained with MS medium when gelrite was used as gelling agent, whereas, quality shoots were produced with agar as gelling agent in MS medium.

1 illus, 5 tables, 16 ref

006105   DHANASEKARAN D, SATHAPPAN C T, KUMAR S R (Horticulture Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar- 608 002, Email: dhansflora@rediffmail.com) : Effects of spacing and foliar application of urea on proliferation of Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers. × Cynodon transvaalensis). J Ornamental Hort 2019, 21(10), 100-7.

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of different spacing and foliar application of urea on proliferation of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers. × Cynodon transvaalensis) in floriculture unit of the Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu during the year 2013-2015. Bermuda grass sprigs were planted in different spacing levels (10 × 10 cm, 15 × 15 cm, 20 × 20 cm and 25 × 25 cm) and foliar spray of urea (@ 1%, 1.5% and 2% as a source of nitrogen) was applied 7 and 15 days after planting with twelve treatment combinations in factorial randomized block design with three replications. Observations were recorded on percent ground cover, number of runner, length of runner and shoot density, root length, shoot length, root / shoot ratio, leaf area and number of leaves per clipped shoot at 60 days after planting. From the results, it was found that the earliest spread and ground cover were observed in the treatment S4 (10 × 10 cm spacing) in combination with foliar application of Urea (N3:Urea 2%) applied twice at seven and fifteen days after planting.

2 tables, 18 ref

006176   RAMKUMAR K, VELMURUGAN S (Floriculture and Landscaping Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore- 641 003, Email: velmuruganflori@gmail.com) : Effect of salinity on yield characters of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.). J Ornamental Hort 2019, 22 (3&4), 95-9.

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of salinity on yield characters of African marigold. In this study, saline water was used as irrigation water for two African marigold varieties (Coimbatore Local and Nilakkottai Local). Six salinity levels were imposed (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 mM and Control). The treatments were given by irrigating the plants with desired amount of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) dissolved in irrigation water. The observations were made on yield characters viz., number of flowers, flower diameter (cm), single flower weight (g) and flower dry weight (g). Among the varieties, Coimbatore Local tolerated more salinity than Nilakkottai Local. All the parameters significantly reduced with the higher concentrations of salts.

4 tables, 13 ref

006155   NAGASHREE D, KULKARNI B S (Floriculture and Landscape Architecture Dep, UHS Campus, Bengaluru- 560 065, Email: nagashreed1995@gmail.com) : Evaluation of French marigold (Tagetes patula L.) genotypes for growth, flowering and yield parameters. J Ornamental Hort 2019, 22 (3&4), 90-4.

An experiment was carried out to evaluate French marigold (Tagetes patula L.) genotypes for growth, flowering and yield parameters. Significant variations were observed among twenty five genotypes for all the parameters under the study. Among the genotypes evaluated, maximum plant height (64.90 cm) was recorded in Pusa Arpita and the maximum plant spread (East-West = 40.80 cm and North-South = 43.00 cm) was observed in IC-250316 and Pusa Deep, respectively. The maximum number of primary branches (14.10) were observed in UHSFm-4 and the number of secondary branches were maximum in UHSFm-1 (25.40). Days to first flowering (46.90 days) was minimum in UHSFm-10 and the longer blooming period (53.15 days) was noticed in Bonanza Mix. The maximum number of flowers per plant (143.10) was recorded in IIHRFm-13. The highest fresh flower yield and dry flower yield was recorded in Pusa Deep (388.05 g/plant and 48.51 g/plant).

2 tables, 13 ref

006209   THAKUR S, BHALLA R, DHIMAN S R (Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi- 110 012, Email: thakurshailja10@gmail.com) : Influence of pulsing solutions and durations on post-harvest life of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cvs. 'Sensi' and 'Yellow Dot Com'. J Ornamental Hort 2019, 22 (3&4), 80-9.

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of pulsing solutions and durations on vase life of carnation cultivar 'Sensi' and 'Yellow Dot Com' in Factorial Completely Randomized Design. Eleven pulsing solutions along with three pulsing durations were used to study the effect. Maximum vase life was exhibited by cut flowers of cv. `Yellow Dot Com` with sucrose 10 % + 8HQC 300 ppm + BA17.5 ppm for 24 hours and maximum flower diameter was attained by cv. `Sensi` when the flowers were pulsed with sucrose 10 % + 8HQC 300 ppm + BA 20 ppm for 16 hours. However, minimum flower diameter was attained by cv. `Yellow Dot Com` when flowers were placed in distilled water.

7 tables, 18 ref

006201   SOUJANYA P, KULKARNI B S, HARSHAVARDHAN M (Horticulture Coll, Bagalkot- 587 104, Email: soujaya686@gmail.com) : Evaluation of rose (Rosa × hybrida L.) varieties for different quantitative attributes. J Ornamental Hort 2019, 22 (3&4), 75-9.

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate twenty five Hybrid Tea rose varieties for their various characters. Results revealed that there was a significant variation among the varieties for growth and quality characters. Maximum flower bud diameter and flower diameter (2.59 cm and 9.40 cm, respectively) was recorded in var. Acapella. Maximum number of petals per flower (71.20) was recorded in var. Tata Centenary. Maximum stalk length (55.40 cm) was obtained in var. Clarie Chazal. Among the varieties, the maximum stalk girth and vase life (5.60 mm and 11.50 days, respectively) were recorded in var. Eterna. Based on the sensory evaluation var. Mohana had highest score (4.92 and 4.80) in terms of colour and shape. With respect to fragrance var. Fragrant Plum had highest score of 4.96 which was followed by var. Double Delight (4.92). Among all the varieties var. Mohana had highest score in terms of overall acceptability.

2 tables, 20 ref

006175   RAMESH S, VELMURUGAN S (Floriculture and Landscaping Dep, Horticultural Coll and Research Institute, Coimbatore- 641 003, Email: rameshhorts37@gmail.com) : Effect of foliar spray of micronutrients on yield characters of ixora (Ixora coccinea L.). J Ornamental Hort 2019, 22 (3&4), 70-4.

Ixora (Ixora coccinea L.) is a perennial shrub belongs to the family Rubiaceae. Micronutrients are essentially as important as macronutrients to have better growth, yield and quality in plants. Quality is one of the important parameter in the floriculture industry which is mainly influenced by application of nutrients. Since the information on the use of micronutrients in ixora is limited and the present investigation was carried out on Ixora coccinea L. The experiment was carried out at Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Among the treatments, T₄ [FeSO₄ (0.5 %) + ZnSO₄ (0.5 %)] recorded the highest plant height (75.34, 88.90 and 104.80 cm), maximum plant spread North-South (102.00 cm) and East-West (103.12 cm), highest number of laterals per plant (178.73) and maximum leaf length (6.33 cm) and leaf width (3.54 cm).

4 tables, 9 ref

006106   DHIMAN M R, PARKASH C, KUMAR S, PARMANIK A (ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research institute, Kullu-Valley, Himachal Pradesh, Email: mrarjun01@gmail.com) : Stability analysis in lilium (Lilium × elegans L.) genotypes for growth, flowering and bulbous traits. J Ornamental Hort 2019, 22 (3&4), 63-9.

Thirty four cultivars of lilium were evaluated in the RBD design with three replications over three years to identify the stable genotypes for growth and flowering traits under open condition. Present study revealed that, thirty cultivars recorded non-significant S2di values for plant height. Among the stable cultivars, cultivar 'Eyeliner' (97.29 cm) recorded maximum plant height and regression co-efficient (bi) equal to unity indicating average stability and expected to perform well in all the environments. Genotypes, 'Best Seller' (234.89 days) and 'Salmon Classic' (236.00 days) showed low mean values for days to flowering which is advantageous for earliness and significant regression around unity with non-significant deviation from regression; hence, these genotypes were stable and predictable. Genotype x Environment interactions in all the genotypes was significant for inflorescence length, suggesting variable performance of genotype under different environments. Genotypes, CebDazzle (6.90), Tresser (3.68) exhibited more number of bulblets formed with unit regression co-efficient (bi<1), hence found to be specifically adapted to unfavourable environments with above average stability. Based on the results of stability analysis in 34 genotypes of lilium, cultivars, Eyeliner, Tresser, Ceb Dazzle, Ercolano, Original Love, pavia and Yellow Tycoon were found stable for plant height, spike length, bud length and flower size and can be recommended for wide environments. Cultivars Best Seller and Salmon Classic found stable for early flowering and adapted to wider environments. Genotypes Ceb Dazzle, Tresser and PKLH-1 found stable for bulb and bulblet production and can be recommended to all the environments.

3 tables, 9 ref

006085   ADETUNJI S A, AKEREDOLU O A (Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Nigeria, West Africa) : Non-timber forest products and their benefits to rural livelihood: A case study of Saki agricultural zone of Oyo state, Nigeria. J Med Plants Stud 2019, 7(5)-B, 146-9.

Like in many other developing country, the occurrence of poverty in Nigeria is on the increase. This has exposed many households to unfavourable living conditions. Non timber forest products are a blessing from nature to human, diverse and poised to benefit several millions of people. If properly exploited, they are not only capable of solving food security and health related challenges but also contribute to household income. This study assessed the benefits of NTFPs to the livelihood of rural households. Data were obtained via well structured questionnaires. Obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings revealed that there was high dependence on NTFPs in the study area. The study area was male dominated, the modal age range of the respondents was between 31-40 years of age. A total number of 44 invaluable NTFPs (plants and animals) belonging to 33 families were identified in the course of the study, their scientific and family names were documented alongside the morphological parts in use. Similarly, the contribution of these NTFPs to the rural household was documented. Areas of contribution include: standard of living, 30 %; child education, 15 %; family health, 18 %; food security, 20 % and income generation, 17 %. No doubt, if well managed, generations to come would also be beneficiaries of these natural resources.

3 tables, 5 ref

006140   MAZROU R M (Horticulture Dep, Menoufia Univ, Shibin El-Kom, Egypt) : Moringa leaf extract application as a natural biostimulant improves the volatile oil content, radical scavenging activity and total phenolics of coriander. J Med Plants Stud 2019, 7(5)-A, 45-51.

Recently, using the biostimulants in enhancing the growth and yield of crops is a very pressing topic especially with medicinal plants because of its therapeutic values. Moringa leaf extract (MLE) has gained more consideration among the natural biostimulants but the information about its impact on medicinal plants is scarce. Therefore, the current study is an attempt to bridge the gap. Coriander plants were foliar sprayed with MLE at 50, 100, 200 and 300 g L^-1 while the untreated plants were sprayed with distilled water. MLE treatment considerably enhanced the growth characters which reflected in improving the fruit yield compared to untreated plants. Importantly, MLE treatment not only increased volatile oil yield of coriander but also enhanced volatile oil components relative to untreated plants. The major volatile oil components i.e. Limonene, ß- Cymene and Linalool were more accumulated by MLE application. Otherwise, the percentages of N, P, K and total sugars were considerably increased due to MLE treatment. Interestingly, the radical scavenging activity and total phenolics were considerably improved with the MLE application relative to untreated plants. Applying MLE at 200 g L^-1 was the most effective concentration compared to the other levels. Conclusively, using MLE as a promise plant biostimulat may be suggested to improve the productivity and quality of coriander plant.

1 illus, 6 tables, 37 ref

006109   FEI L P, WEIWEI W, XIAOFEI L, QIN L, JINWEN Z, RUI H, HANG C (Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming- 650224, China, Email: stuchen6481@gmail.com) : Regulation of hormone-related genes in Ericerus pela (Hemiptera: Coccidae) for dimorphic metamorphosis. J Insect Sci 2019, 19(5), 92.

Insect hormones regulate metamorphosis including that leading to sexual dimorphism. Using RNA-Seq, we discovered that the second-instar male larva (SM) of the white wax insect, Ericerus pela, have 5,968 and 8,620 differentially expressed transcripts compared with the second-instar female larva (SF) and the first-instar male larva (FM), respectively. The expression levels of genes involved in the apoptosis of old tissues and the reconstruction of new ones in the SM significantly enhanced, while the SF mainly has enhanced expression levels of anabolic genes such as chitin. We predicted that the second-instar larvae are the developmental origin of sexual dimorphic metamorphosis. Meanwhile, in the juvenile hormone (JH) metabolic pathway, CYP15A1 and JH esterase (JHE) are differentially expressed; and in the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) metabolic pathway, CYP307A1, CYP314A1, and CYP18A1 are differentially expressed. In the SM, the expression levels of CYP307A1 and CYP314A1 are significantly increased, whereas the expression level of CYP18A1 is significantly decreased; in the SF, the expression levels of the above genes are opposite to that of the SM. Expression trends of RNA-seq is consistent with the expression level of qRT–PCR, and seven of them are highly correlated (R ≥ 0.610) and four are moderately correlated (0.588 ≥ R ≥ 0.542).

4 illus, 36 ref

006114   HONG F, HAN H-L, PU P, WEI D, WANG J, LIU Y (Southwest Univ, Chongqing- 400715, China, Email: yhliu@swu.edu.cn) : Effects of five host plant species on the life history and population growth parameters of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). J Insect Sci 2019, 19(5), 94.

The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an important agricultural pest with a wide range of host plants. To study effects of host species on the life history traits of M. persicae, aphids were individually reared on five host plants: Brassica campestris L. (Brassicales: Brassicaceae), Capsicum annuum L. (Tubiflorae: Solanaceae), Nicotiana tabacum L. (Tubiflorae: Solanaceae), Raphanus sativus L. (Brassicales: Brassicaceae), and Vicia faba L. (Rosales: Leguminosae). TWOSEX-MSchart software was used for the statistical analysis according to the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The results showed that the shortest preadult stage and adult/total prereproductive period of M. persicae were 6.48, 0.19, and 6.67 d on V. faba, respectively. While the adult and total longevity of M. persicae on R. sativus (25.00 and 31.62 d) and N. tabacum (24.40 and 30.56 d) were significantly longer than that on the other three hosts, as was the reproductive period. The fecundity of M. persicae on R. sativus (80.83 nymphs per female), N. tabacum (71.72 nymphs per female), and V. faba (70.39 nymphs per female) was also greater than that on B. campestris and C. annuum. It was demonstrated that V. faba, R. sativus, and N. tabacum were more suitable plants for the growth of M. persicae exhibiting a shorter preadult stage, longer longevity, and greater fecundity than the remaining two species, as confirmed by the higher intrinsic rate of increase and net reproductive rate.

3 illus, 3 tables, 34 ref

006168   PEREZ-RAMIREZ R, TORRES-CASTILLO J A, BARRIENTOS-LOZANO L, ALMAGUER-SIERRA P, TORRES-ACOSTA R I (Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, México, Email: ludivinab@yahoo.com) : Schistocerca piceifrons piceifrons (Orthoptera: Acrididae) as a source of compounds of biotechnological and nutritional interest. J Insect Sci 2019, 19(5), 88.

The Central American locust, Schistocerca piceifrons piceifrons (Walker) is a major agricultural pest in Mexico and Central America. Control measures against this pest have generated much environmental damage and substantial financial costs because chemical insecticides are used. Yet various Orthoptera species also appear to be a potential source of nutrients and a source of bioactive metabolites. Here, we studied the presence of secondary metabolites in the adult stage of S.  p.  piceifrons by applying different colorimetric techniques. Adults were collected from the southern region of Tamaulipas, Mexico, during September–December 2017. These samples were subjected to sequential processes of eviscerating, drying, pulverizing, extracting, and detecting of metabolites. Extractions were carried out in water, 50 % ethanol, and absolute ethanol. The presence of phenolic compounds, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and quantity of antioxidants against the DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2, 2′-azino-bis, 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals were determined and reported. Proximate analysis showed that S. p. piceifrons has a high protein content (80.26 %), low fat content (6.21 %), and fiber content (12.56 %) similar to other Orthoptera species. Chitin and chitosan contents of S. p. piceifrons were 11.88 and 9.11 %, respectively; the recovery percentage of chitosan from chitin was 76.71 %. Among the Orthoptera, the protein content of this pest is among the highest while its contents of chitin and chitosan are similar to those of other insect species (e.g., Bombix mori Linnaeus [Lepidoptera: Bombycidae]). Our results suggest this pest species is a potential source of bioactive compounds of biotechnological interest for use by pharmaceutical and food industries.

2 illus, 4 tables, 54 ref

006143   MENG H, ZHOU H, WANG L, ZHANG X, LIU W, ZHAO Y, DONG B, YI W, ZHAO Y, WANG D (Inner Mongolia Agricultrual Univ, Inner Mongolia, China, Email: wangdong19852008@163.com) : Occurrence and distribution of Rhinoncus sibiricus (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) and its preference for two buckwheat species in China. J Insect Sci 2019, 19(5), 84.

Rhinoncus sibiricus Faust, a major pest of buckwheat, has invaded the buckwheat cultivation areas of China for years. This pest was first found in Russia in 1940, causing great damage during the entire buckwheat-growing season. In China, there are few records on R. sibiricus, and studies regarding pest damage on buckwheat are unknown. The occurrence and distribution of this species in China is still not clear. We therefore conducted field surveys for 6 yr to identify the distribution range and the degree of pest damage caused by R. sibiricus in the buckwheat-planting areas of China and tested its preference for two Fagopyrum species in common garden experiments. The results showed that R. sibiricus had a larger distribution range in the Northern rather than the Southern part of China, and that pest damage was more serious in northern China. The pest preferred F. tataricum (Tartary buckwheat, Polygonales: Polygonaceae) over F. esculentum (Common buckwheat, Polygonales: Polygonaceae), but caused damage to both, indicating its potential for distribution in southern China. This study clarified the occurrence, distribution, and damage traits of R. sibiricus in the buckwheat cultivation areas of China, which will help explain the pest attack traits and inform strategies for pest control and prediction.

5 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

006147   MUDLIAR S L, SHASHANK S, CHANDAK M (Chemistry Dep, Shri Ramdeobaba Coll of Engineering and Management, Nagpur, Maharashtra) : Machine learning model to predict potential fishing zone. J Indian Assoc Environ Manag 2019, 39 (1-4), 18-20.

A key challenge today in aquatic environment conservation is the accurate tracking of the spatial distribution of various human impacts on activities like fishing. In the present paper an approach to identify the potential fishing zones in deep sea waters is developed using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average(ARIMA) and Random Forest model. A large data set containing Indian fishing vessel track from 2017-2019 was taken as database. In the present paper an approach a methodology was developed to detect and map fishing activities. Validation of the model was done against expert label datasets which showed detection accuracy of 98 percent. Our study represents the first comprehensive approach to detect and Identify Potential fishing zones with the help of two important water quality indicators viz Dissolved Oxygen and Salinity.

2 ref

006126   KHAN S, ZHAO X, HOU Y, YUAN C, LI Y, LUO X, LIU J, FENG X (Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai- 200 241, Email: fengxingang@shvri.ac.cn) : Analysis of genome-wide SNPs based on 2b-RAD sequencing of pooled samples reveals signature of selection in different populations of Haemonchus contortus. J Biosci 2019, 44(4), 97.

The parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus is one of the world’s most important parasites of small ruminants that causes significant economic losses to the livestock sector. The population structure and selection in its various strains are poorly understood. No study so far compared its different populations using genome-wide data. Here, we focused on different geographic populations of H. contours from China (Tibet, TB; Hubei, HB; Inner Mongolia, IM; Sichuan, SC), UK and Australia (AS), using genome-wide population-genomic approaches, to explore genetic diversity, population structure and selection. We first performed next-generation high-throughput 2b RAD pool sequencing using Illumina technology, and identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in all the strains. We identified 75,187 SNPs for TB, 82,271 for HB, 82,420 for IM, 79,803 for SC, 83,504 for AS and 78,747 for UK strain. The SNPs revealed low-nucleotide diversity (p = 0.0092–0.0133) within each strain, and a significant differentiation level (average F_st = 0.34264) among them. Chinese populations TB and SC, along with the UK strain, were more divergent populations. Chinese populations IM and HB showed affinities to the Australian strain. We then analysed signature of selection and detected 44 (UK) and 03 (AS) private selective sweeps containing 49 and 05 genes, respectively. Finally, we performed the functional annotation of selective sweeps and proposed biological significance to signature of selection. Our data suggest that 2b-RAD pool sequencing can be used to assess the signature of selection in H. contortus.

4 illus, 4 tables, 98 ref

006222   XU Y, BI L, YU Z, LIN C, GAN L, ZHU L, LI H, SONG Y, ZHU C (Shandong Agricultural Univ, Tai’an- 271 018, Email: zhchx@sdau.edu.cn) : Comprehensive transcriptomics and proteomics analyses of rice stripe virus-resistant transgenic rice. J Biosci 2019, 44(4), 81.

Stable transgenic rice line (named KRSV-1) with strong resistance against rice stripe virus was generated using the gene sequence of disease-specific protein by RNA interference. Comprehensive safety assessment of transgenic plants has turned into a significant field of genetic modification food safety. In this study, a safety assessment of KRSV-1 was carried out in a stepwise approach. The molecular analysis exhibited that KRSV-1 harbored one copy number of transgene, which was integrated into the intergenic non-coding region of chromosome 2 associated with inter-chromosomal translocations of 1.6- kb segments of chromosome 8. Then, transcriptomics and proteomics analyses were carried out to detect the unintended effects as a result of the integration of the transgene. Although 650 dramatically differentially expressed genes (DDEGs) and 357 differentially expressed proteins were detected between KRSV-1 and wild-type (WT) by transcriptomics and proteomics analyses, no harmful members in the form of toxic proteins and allergens were observed. Encouragingly, the nutritional compositions of seeds from KRSV-1 were comparable with WT seeds. The results of this entire study of molecular analysis, transcriptome and proteome profile of KRSV-1 revealed that no detrimental changes in the form of toxic proteins and allergens were detected in the transgenic rice line due to the integration of the transgene.

4 illus, 2 tables, 56 ref

006144   MISHRA V K, SINGH N N (Entomology and Agricultural Zoology Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi- 221 005, Email: premvijaybhu@gmail.com) : Evaluation of glucosinolate in different varieties/lines against mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (kalt.) on mustard crop. J Appl Zool Res 2019, 30(1), 64-8.

Glucosinolates contents were determined for their resistance against mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) on mustard crop. Maximium glucosinolates content was recorded from the line NDR08-1 followed by NDR08-14-1 and MCN14-24, respectively. These lines showed lowest aphid infestation, whereas minimum glucosinolates content was recorded on the lines NDRS-9-2 and NDRS2001-1 which was showed maximum aphid infestation. Present finding showed a negative correlation between glucosinolates content and aphid population in the test crop.

2 tables, 11 ref

006137   MANDAL S K, GUPTA S (Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural Univ, Samastipur- 841 408, Email: shubhankargupta.rkmv@gmail.com) : Field efficacy of biopesticides against Helicoverpa armigera hubner on tomato. J Appl Zool Res 2019, 30(1), 43-7.

Field efficacy of biopesticides alongwith farmers practice was evaluated against tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera under field conditions during rabi 2015. As for as efficacy and yield are concerned, it was found that all bio-pesticide treatments were significantly superior over untreated control. The farmer’s practices recorded the higher larval population as well as fruit infestation (12.24 %) but significantly better than untreated control (21.37 %). The highest incremental benefit cost ratio was obtained in Achook 0.15 EC @ 3.0 ml/Lit followed by Verticillum leccanii 1.15 WP @ 2.0 gm/Lit. of water (11.59:1), which in other treatments varied between 2.71: 1 to 10.05:1.

2 tables, 8 ref