029710   AL-QASIMI H A A, AL-SALHI T H K (Plant Production Dep, Al-Musaib Technical Coll, 51006, Babylon, Iraq, Email: Husseinqassimi83@gmail.com) : The effect of agriculture media and the quality of irrigation water in the seedlings growth of two pomegranate cultivars. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2822-30.

The experiment was conducted in Al-Qasim district, Al-Bosmik village, Babylon Province in the season 2017 with three factors. The first factor was three agricultural media [soil only, soil + organic substance (Peat moss) with ratio of 1:1, soil + organic substance (Peat moss) with ratio of 1:3] which is symbolized by B1, B2 and B3, respectively. The second factor is the quality of irrigation water at four levels (1.2 river water, 4.48, 7.58, 10.46 ds.m^-1 drainage water), which is symbolized by W1, W2, W3 and W4 respectively, the third factor is two pomegranates cultivar (Wonderful and Salimi) which is symbolized by V1 and V2 respectively and interaction between them. The experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment according to Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD), with three replicates, each replicate containing 24 treatments with 4 seedlings per experimental unit. The arithmetic averages were measured according to the least significant difference (LSD) %.The results showed that pomegranate seedlings grown in the media of 1 soil volume: 3 organic substance were significantly excelled on other treatments in all studied traits compared to control treatment. As for the quality of irrigation water, the drainage water with W4 treatment was gave the lowest averages in most traits of the study of 10.48 ds.m^-1, while the highest average of proline was 10.07 mg.g^-1 and the electrical conductivity to 7.63 ds.m^-1 in this treatment. The results showed that the American cultivar Wonder V1 was significant excelled in most of the studied traits compared to the local cultivar Salimi (V2), which gave the lowest average. The interaction treatment between agriculture media B3 and river water W1 gave the highest average in most studied traits, while the leaves content of proline decreased and the electrical conductivity decreased. As for the triple interaction between the factors of the experiment, the treatment V1B3W1 recorded the highest values in most studied traits, while the treatment V1B1W4 gave the lowest averages in the traits of seedlings height and leaf area.

3 tables, 34 ref

029705   AL-KHAFAJI H (Plant Production Techniques Dep, Al-Mussaib(TCM) Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical Univ, Iraq) : The effect of paper feeding (organic fertilizer) humax in the growth and production of two varieties of Vicia faba L.. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2797-802.

The experiment was carried out in a field out to Mussaib district (7 km) from the Technical College of Mussaib for the winter season 2018-2017 in Fertile clay soil to determine the effect of Humax paper spraying on two of the remaining Vicia faba L. species (local, Luzde Otono). Three levels of organic fertilizer (12, 6, 0) g / L were used in the experiment according to the global experience of designing the whole randomized sector by three replicates. The results of the experiment showed significant differences between the levels of addition and varieties and the interaction between them, with the superiority of treatment with organic fertilizer at a concentration of (12) g / L in all significant traits studied: plant height (70.15) cm. Number of Branchs (20.45 ) Branch. Plant^-1, Number of pods (22.56) Pod. Plant^-1, Number of seeds of pod (7.05) Seed. Pod, Weight 100 Seed (150.6) G, and Seed Yield ( 2642 Kg ). And dry plant extract total yield ( 13.82 ton). The experiment surpassed the Spanish class Luzde Otono on the local varieties in the height of the plant (71.54 cm), the number of seeds (6.29) seed, the pod, the weight of 100 seeds (170.1) g, the total yield (2812) and the biological reserve (12.53) ton, while the superiority of the local variety in terms of the number of branches: (20.20) branch, plant^-1 and the number of pods in the plant (20.24) pod.

8 tables, 27 ref

029805   MOHAMMED A H, TAMIMI A T D A (Poultry Management Dep, Diyala Univ, Iraq) : Effect of adding different levels of green tea powder (Camellia sinensis) as antioxidant to broiler diets in production performance. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2786-90.

This experiment was conducted in the poultry field of the Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture / University of Diyala to demonstrate the effect of adding different levels of green tea powder to meat broilers in production performance. A total of 225 non-naturalized Rose species were used at a mean age of 38 g and randomly distributed at 5 treatments with 3 replicates per treatment (15 chicks per bis). The first treatment was free of addition (control treatment) and the second, third, fourth and fifth treatments included 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.3 % and 0.4 % of green tea powder respectively. The results of this study showed a significant superiority (0.01< P) for the addition of green tea powder in the productivity traits. The fourth and fifth treatments exceeded the other factors in body weight, weight increase, ratio consumption rate, food conversion coefficient, and the percentage of losses in it compared with the control treatment and the rest of the treatments.

1 illus, 5 tables, 20 ref

029698   AL-BARAKAT H N K, ALSHUJAIRY Q A T, AL-HEDNY S (Al-Muthanna Univ, Iraq, Email: hanoonnahy@gmail.com) : Effect of bio-fertilization and the addition of humic and fulvic acid in availability of phosphorus, some minor elements in soil and growth of white maize plant, Sorghum bicolor L.. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2777-85.

A field experiment was conducted in Al-Muthanna province on the Swirling Riverside during the spring season 2017. A field experiment was conducted by Randomized complete Block design (RCBD) by three replicates to study the effect of the addition of acidic humic, fulvic and bio-fertilizer in the Availability of P, iron, zinc and manganese in the soil,uptake it in plant,dry matter and seedweight white corn plant. Four treatments of humic and fulvic acid were used as additive: no acidic addition (H₀), 8 liters of ha^-1 (H₁), 16 liters of ha^-1 (H₂), 24 liters of ha^_-1 (H₃). (B₀), bio-fertilizer containing Bacillus subtilis (B₁), bio-fertilizer containing Pseudomonas (B₂), bio-fertilizer containing bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas (B₃) bacteria. The results showed significant superiority of B₃ in manganese in soil, phosphorus, iron, zinc, manganeseuptake in plants, dry weight of plant, grain yield and B₂ in both phosphorus, iron and zinc in the soil. The results also showed that H₃ exceeded phosphorus, iron, zinc and manganese in soil, phosphorus, iron, zinc, manganeseuptake in plant, dry weight of plant and grain yield. And H₂ in phosphorus uptake in the plant. The B₂H₃ interaction was significantly higher in both phosphorus, iron and zinc in the soil and interaction B₃H₃ in the manganese-prepared soil, iron and manganese uptake in the plant, grain yield and intraction B₃H₂ exceeded in both phosphorus and zinc uptake in the plant and dry weight in the plant.

8 tables, 39 ref

029753   HASOON A A G, KEHMOOD A M (Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical Univ, 51006, Babylon, Iraq) : Effect of seeding rates on the yield and quality of several cultivars of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2732-6.

A field experiment was conducted in the spring season of 2017 in the two locations: the first location in Bideat Al - Musayyib area, Great Al-Musayyib Project, Babylon Province and the second location in Al-daghara, Diwaniyah province. For the purpose of knowing the effect of seeding rates on the yield and quality of several cultivars of sesame (Sesamum indicum L). A factorial experiment was used according to Randomized Complete Blocks Design (R.C.B.D) in the implementation of the experiment, with three sectors. The experiment included two factors: The first factor included three seeding rates (6, 8, 10 kg.ha^-1), which is symbolized by (R₁, R₂, R₃), respectively. The second factor includes three cultivars (Wadae, Rafedeen and local). The results of the study are summarized below. 1. Rafedeen cultivar is excelled in the trait of the weight of 1000 seed (4.50, 4.37 g) and the total yield trait (1092.83, 1094.50 kg.ha^-1), respectively for the two locations. 2. Wadae and Rafedeen cultivars are excelled in the trait of seed numbers / packet (60.83, 66.10 seed) and the percentage of protein (26.41, 26.85 %), respectively of the two locations. 3. The seeding rate (6 kg.ha^-1) is excelled in the trait of the number of seed / packet (60.39, 66.79) and the percentage of protein (27.34 and 26.71 %), respectively. The seeding rate (10 kg.ha^-1) is excelled in the trait of the weight of 1000 seed (4.54, 4.43 g), and the total yield (1064.56, 1088.78 kg.ha^-1), respectively. The interaction between cultivars and seeding rates has impacted in most of the studied traits of both locations.

5 tables, 20 ref

029766   KAUR D, SAVITA, KUMAR P, KAMBOJ A (Lovely Professional Univ, Phagwara -144 411, Email: savita.pnt@gmail.com) : Character association of different genotypes in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis). Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2712-6.

The present investigation was conducted during November-January, 2017 at Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab with fifteen diverse genotypes of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.)”. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Genetic variability was studied for different quantitative characters namely plant height, number of leaves (at 45 DAT), number of leaves at harvest, curd diameter, curd depth, leaf stalk length, leaf lamina length, leaf length, leaf width, plant stalk length, days to curd maturity, days to curd initiation, marketable curd weight, gross curd weight, marketable curd weight, net curd weight, harvest index, curd index and curd yield. Data were analyzed statistically for their mean, range, genetic variability, coefficient of variation, heritability, genetic advance as percentage of mean.

1 table, 18 ref

029808   MOHAMMED Y A, ABDULKAFOOR A H (Anbar Univ, Iraq, Email: alissawi77@hotmail.com) : Effect of five nitrogen levels in growth and yield of four mung bean genotypes (Vigna radiata L.). Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2705-11.

A field experiment was carried out in the loamy sand soil during the spring season of 2013 in Dhabitiyah region- Khairat district, Garma/ Anbar Governorate- Iraq. It aimed to know the response the growth and the yield of four genotypes of mung bean (Local cv., VC 6144 B-1224, VC 6173 B-1319 and VC 6089 A10) to five level of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 Kg N ha^-1) which were added as urea (46 % N). A split plot arrangement was used in RCBD in conducting this experiment with three replications, the nitrogen levels were put in the main plots while mung bean genotypes occupied the subplots. The results of the study indicated that the genotypes were significantly varied in all studied traits. The genotype VC 6137 B-1319 gave the highest average seed yield (1.52 ton ha^-1), biological yield and harvest index (54.07 %). The nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected in most studied traits, the level 160 kg h^-1 gave the highest average of the number of pods per plant (23.99 pod plant^-1), seed yield in area unit (1.44 ton ha^-1) and biological yield (2.44 ton ha^-1). The two-way interaction of the study factors of the study significantly affected in all traits under study except the weight of 100 seed. The genotype VC 9137 B-1319 that was fertilized with 160 kg N ha^-1 gave the highest average of the number of pods in the plant (27.27 pod plant^-1), seed yield (1.99 ton ha^-1) and biological yield.

8 tables, 30 ref

029806   MOHAMMED H A (Soil Science and Water Resources Dep, Diyala Univ, Iraq) : Effect of exogenous application of zinc and selenium on quality characteristic for sunflower plant under water stress. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2661-71.

Two field experiments were conducted during the spring season of 2016 and 2017 at the experimental field of the Agricultural College, University of Diyala in order to understand the effect of zinc and selenium on physiological properties of sunflower under different water stresses. Three treatments were used including water tension as the main factor followed by Zinc and Selenium application as the secondary and sub-secondary treatments respectively. The sunflower plant was irrigated after reaching 25 %, 50 % and 75 % of available water. Zinc was applied at three rates (0, 20, 40) mg.L^-1 while Selenium was applied at four rates (0, 2, 4, 6) mg.L^-1. both zinc and selenium were sprayed on the plant three times per season. The results indicated that the concentration of zinc in the grain decreased as the soil moisture content decreased, whereas the concentration of selenium in the grains, the concentration of glutathione, the efficacy of glutathione peroxidase and proline in the leaves increased. For zinc at 40 mg.L^-1, the concentration of zinc and selenium in grains, concentration of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase enzyme and proline in plant leaves increased by 18.5 %, 133.3 %, 41.6 % , 59.1 % and 101.3 %, respectively compared to the control (0 mg.L^-1). The concentration of zinc in the grain and concentration of glutathione, and efficacy of glutathione peroxidase enzyme in plant leaves were higher in the selenium treatment at 4 mg.L^-1 compared to other treatments. While the concentration of selenium in grain and concentration of proline acid in leaves were higher in selenium treatment at 6 mg.L^-1 compared to other treatments. The overlap treatment (W3 + 40 mgZn.L^-1 + 4mg Se.L^-1) exceeded the other treatments in terms of the concentration of glutathione and the efficacy of Glutathione peroxidase enzyme in plant leaves. Moreover, the overlap treatment (W3+40 mgZn. L^-1 + 6 mgSe. L^-1) exceeded the other treatments in terms of selenium concentration in grains and concentration of proline acid in leaves. The increase in plant quality characteristics is due to the role of these two elements (zinc, selenium) in improving the plant’s ability to absorb water and nutrients, improving the water system and increasing the ability of the plant to adapt to the low moisture content of the soil.

1 illus, 6 tables, 47 ref

029830   QADDOORI M S, AL-UBAYDI T S M (Animal Production Dep, Baghdad Univ, Baghdad, Iraq, Email: mohammedflower48@gmail.com) : Effect of hydroponic barley on some growth traits, apparent digestible coefficient, and apparent protein digestible of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) diets. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2624-8.

This study was carried out in Fish Laboratory/ Department of Animal Production College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, for 74 days from 18/10/2017to3/1/2018 to study the effect of Hydroponic Barley in some Growth traits and fish Apparent Digestible Coefficient and Apparent Protein Digestible of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L. Diets. diets by the nutritional value of Grain Barley (GB) by germination it in Hydroponics system of two water sources, which is Fresh water (HBF) and Waste water fish (HBW). The experiment was conducted to elucidate potential differences between treatments of barley, as: T1: % 5 (GB); T2: % 10 (GB); T3: % 15(GB) ; T4:% 5 (HBF), T5: % 10 (HBF), T6:% 15 (HBF), T7: % 5 (HBW), T8: % 10 (HBW), T9: %15 (HBW). The results showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in the Final Weight, Weight Gain, Relative Growth Rate, Specific Growth Rate and Feed Conversion Rate for T8, (%10 HBW) were recorded 92.65g/fish, 49.01 g/fish, 1.34 % g/day, 112.29 %, 1.49 respectively, The results showed no significant differences between T5, T6 (HBF) and T7, T8 and T9 (HBW) in ADC% which were 74.90, 75.88, 75.98, 69.22 and 70.93 % respectively also T4, T5 and T6 (FBH) and T7 (WBH) didn’t differed significantly in ADP% which were 83.09, 81.38, 84.93 and 84.64 % respectively. These results indicated that the use of germination barley improved Growth criteria through improvement microflora in fish intestine leading to improve the ADC & APD instead of Grain Barley (GB). There by, it is recommended to add 5% and 10% FBH or WBH in fish diets instead of grains barley.

4 tables, 29 ref

029772   KUMAR C M P, DORAJEERAO A V D, SUSEELA T, SALMA Z (Horticulture Dep, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari district (Andhra Pradesh)) : Stability analysis for flowering characters of chrysanthemum genotypes. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2609-16.

The present investigation on stability analysis in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev.) was carried out at College of Horticulture, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh during 2017-2018. The stability of flowering parameters showed that days taken for flower bud initiation worked out to be in the range of average stability for the genotypes Red Gold, Reagun Emperor, Star White, Bc-6-11, Mother Theresa and Pusa Aditya genotypes and genotypes like Star White, Mother Theresa, Reagun Emperor and Pusa Aditya had average stability for days taken for 100 per cent flowering. Among the environments open field showed more favourable for earliness of flowering.

2 illus, 5 tables, 9 ref

029717   ALQAISY Q F H, LAHMOD N R, JASIM A H (Directorate of Water Resources, Iraq, Email: n.raheem@yahoo.com) : Role of wheat crop residue and tillage systems on maize growth under water stress and weed competition. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2585-92.

To determine role of wheat straw and tillage system on growth of maize at water stress, a field experiment was carried out during autumn season of 2016 in Wasit governorate, south of Baghdad, in silt loan soil. Field experiment was carried out by randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement with three replicate. Wheat straw and tillage systems treatment as four whole plots (tillage without straw as control treatment , straw incorporated soil, without tillage and straw as cover crops and without tillage without straw treatment). Water stress treatments represent as main plots (50 % as control, 60 % and 75 % decrease from available water). The result showed that the presence of wheat residues as a cover on the soil surface was reduced of weeds density to lowest number of weeds (9.78 plant/m²) in the field compared with others treatments, while the treatment of tillage without residues of recorded the highest density of weeds (17.00 plants/m²). The presence of wheat residues as cover crops on soil record a significant parameter above on others treatment (the most growth characteristics of the plant as total leaf area and the high ear). Also, water stress (at the level of 75 % water depletion) caused significant decrease by the most of growth characteristics to maize, but using of cover crop have shown high efficiency on reducing the impact of water stress on vegetation through conserving of soil moisture content. Corporate residue with soil improved from plant growth under stress conditions, but it was less efficient than the use of residues as a cover. We can concluded the possibility of reducing the impact of water stress on the maize crop when the residues of wheat are used in the form of soil cover.

6 tables, 53 ref

029718   ALWAN S W (Al-Qadissyah Univ, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq, Email: saad.almansoori@qu.edu.iq) : Bioassay of crude oil toxicity in soil and Vicia faba L. plant. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2573-9.

Effects of crude oil contamination on properties of soil and some growth characteristics of broad bean Vicia faba L. plant were carried out. The seeds of broad bean were planted in plastic pots under different levels of crude oil (0, 10, 50, 75 ml/kg soil) for 60 days. The results were showed significantly decreased in the water content of soil after five days of irrigation at 75 ml/kg from 0.15 to 0.03 g/g of soil. Electrical conductivity increased from 1100 to 1260 µcm / cm while pH values were changed from alkalinity (8.3) in the control group to acidity (6.6) under high treatment with increasing of organic matter from (0.72-2.6 %) at low and high treatment. Microbial biomass and urease activity of soil were significantly reduced after 60 days under high treatment of crude oil about (11.2 µg C-CO₂ /g soil) and (10.6 µgN-NH₄ ) respectively in the experiment end. However, it was recorded (26.6 µg C-CO₂ /g soil( and (16.2 µgN-NH₄. g soil.2h1) in control group also respectively after same period because of the toxic effect of crude oil which was also detected in some parameter in broad bean plant included germination rate, length, dimension of stem, dry and fresh weight of root and shoot. Statistical analysis indicated that significant differences between the treated plants. However, all parameters were not significantly different in 10 ml treatment because of stimulation and encourage effect of soil degraded biota under this concentration in breakdown of oil component and low toxicity of hydrocarbons.

2 tables, 58 ref

029730   BUMBAR I V, EPIFANTSEV V V, SHCHEGORETS O V, SINEGOVSKAYA V T, KUZNETSOV E E, KUVSHINOV A A, LONTSEVA I A, L KAPUSTINA N A (Far Eastern State Agrarian Univ, Birobidzhan, Russia, Email: bumbarivan30@yahoo.com) : Optimization of agrotechnical terms of harvesting of crops, design and operating parameters of crop harvesting machines under conditions of the Amur region, Russian Federation. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2567-72.

Harvesting of grain crops, soybean in corn under conditions of the Amur Region has its own peculiarities which are strongly influenced by the natural climatic and production specific qualities of the area. It is necessary to optimize the time parameters of harvesting. This is due to the fact that a change in harvesting time frames may result both in self-shattering and worse conditions for shattering grain crops under negative ambient temperatures, which reduces the gross yield and productivity of the implemented agricultural technologies. The article in hand presents the results of the analysis of the harvesting process dynamics in the Amur Region in 2017 and points to the peculiarities of operating a grain combine harvester through the example of harvesting grain corn. The conducted research established that an increase in the harvesting time and the use of scientifically unjustified operation modes of the threshing-separating devices of harvesting machines may lead to crop loss and an increase in grain shattering.

8 illus, 5 tables, 16 ref

029855   SHIKHMURADOV A Z , MUSLIMOV M G , TAIMAZOVA N S , ARNAUTOVA G I , EMIROV S A, MAGOMEDOV M M (Dagestan Experimental Station of FSBSC Federal Research Center, Vavilov, Russia) : Intraspecies diversity and ecological - genetic potential (T. boeoticum Boiss.) on salt stress resistance. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2516-8.

The genetic potential of economically valuable features at intraspecific (different variety) crossings has a certain limit. We need to search for new methods to enrich the genotype of wheat with new useful features. One of such methods is remote and interspecific hybridization. According to many researchers, the samples of T. boeoticum have a high resistance to brown and yellow rust, partially to stem rust, dust brand and powdery mildew, although individual ecogeographical groups of wild eincorn are susceptible to fungal diseases. Because of this, it is very important to consider the possibility of hereditary diversity increase by salt tolerance in wheat due to the introgression of the genetic systems controlling this feature from closely related species. The purpose of this work is to study the hereditary diversity in salt tolerance among specimens (T. boeoticum). The material for research was represented by 80 samples (T. boeoticum) from the world collection of the All - Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov, Russia. Intermediate forms between cultivated and wild-growing types of wheat make it possible to use the useful features of wildgrowing species in practice effectively. Saline stable and saline-resistant forms are present in all eco-geographical groups, but the frequency of their occurrence is not the same. Of 80 samples analyzed, a high degree of salt tolerance (from 92.9 to 95.1 %) was noted only in two samples from Azerbaijan - k-28273 and k-30213. The number of medium-stable (intermediate) forms made 42 samples (48.4 %), and the number of sensitive forms among this species was approximately the same as among the intermediate forms - 36 samples (45.2 %). Thus, the laboratory analysis of 80 samples of T. boeoticum of various ecological and geographical groups showed that T. boeoticum is characterized by a considerable variety of hereditary variants in terms of resistance to salt stress. The presence of such a huge intraspecific diversity allows us to select contrasting salt resistant forms that are of interest for genetic and selection studies.

1 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

029745   DWIVEDI S A, SINGH R S, GHARDE S K (Entomology Dep, Lovely Professional Univ, Punjab-144 411, Email: dwivedi.sunilkumar46@gmail.com) : Populations build up of mustard aphid and their natural enemies in relation to biotic and abiotic factors. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2495-500.

To determine the populations build up of mustard aphid and their natural enemies in relation to biotic and abiotic factors. Field experiment was conducted C.S.A. University of Agriculture and technology Kanpur during the rabi season (October-March) of 2013-14 and 2014-15, respectively. The maximum aphid population 270.18 aphids /10 shoot was recorded in the first week of February and at the fourth week of March. Synchronization in the appearance of mustard aphid predators Coccinella spp. and Syrphid larvae was population maximum 11.25 beetles/ 10 shoot and 5.90 larvae/10 shoot, respectively in fourth week of February that was one of the main reasons for the low multiplication of aphid population in 2013-14. During Rabi 2014-15, maximum aphid population was recorded in third week of February, 385.12 aphids/10 shoots with its predators population, Coccinella spp. and Syrphid larvae 10.15 beetles/10 shoot and 4.80 larvae/10 shoot, respectively. Simple correlation studies to evaluate the instantaneous effects of the meteorological variables revealed that of the abiotic factors (Temperature, relative humidity and rainfall), the temperature had the biggest role in the buildup of the mustard aphid population. The appearance of Coccinella spp. and the larvae of Syrphid flies were positively correlated with temperature, while there was negative correlation with the incidence of mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi. There was positive correlation between the population of aphid and relative humidity.

3 tables, 32 ref

029697   AL-ANI T O, AL-MASHHADANI H A (Animal Production Dep, Baghdad Univ, Baghdad, Iraq, Email: hishamasm79@yahoo.com) : Effect of using of different levels raw red sorghum treated and non-enzymatic on productive characteristics for laying hens. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2485-90.

This experiment was conducted in the poultry field of the College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad in Abu Ghraib for the period from 5/11/2017 to 11/2/2018 to investigate the effect of the use of different levels of raw red sorghum treated and nonenzymatically treated (0, 10, 20, 30 %) for four treatments and repeated the same ratio of four other treatments with the addition of the enzyme to the diet in the productive performance of laying. 128 hens commercial strain (Lohmman Brown) 29 week old were used in this experiment. The bireds were fed on a preliminary meal for three week, randomly distributed on eight transplants Replicate the first T1 control treatment (without red sorghum), T2 (10 %) raw red sorghum, 3 T3 (20 %) raw red sorghum, 4 T4 (30 %) raw red sorghum, 5 treatment T5 control (without red sorghum + enzyme), treatment of the seventh T7 (20 % red sorghum + enzyme), Treatment Eight T8 (30 % red sorghum + enzyme). The results of the study indicated that there were no significant differences between the treatments in the attributes feed conversion ratio, weight gain and egg weight (but the study indicated a significant difference in the rate of egg production between treatment where it was delayed Treated T3. The study also showed a significant difference in feed consumption rate, where T2 treatment was the least significant in feed consumption while all parameters were similar to the egg mass, except for the T3 treatment, which was the least significant in this status from the other treatments.

8 tables, 13 ref

029755   HUSSAIN M H, HASOON A S (Soil and Water Techniques Dep, Al-Musaib Tech. Coll, Iraq, Email: alisalealtaie2015@gmail.com) : Measurement of some medical substances in Rosella plant (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extract using HPLC technique under the influence of different treatments. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2469-76.

The experiment was conducted in Al Saniya Township (located 15 km north of Al-Qadisiyah) in the Summer Season 2016, to study the Measurement of some medical substances in Rosella plant (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extract using HPLC technique under the influence of different treatments. A factorial experiment was applied according to complete randomized blocks design (R.C.B.D), with three replicated. Three factors included three cultivars of Roselle plant are (red, white and lined), and The second factor is salicylic acid in three Concentration (0, 25, 50 mg.L^-1) divided into four sprayings and The third factor is seaweed extract in three concentration (0, 7.5, 15 ml.L^-1) divided into four sprayings. The results showed that the superiority of the red variety was significantly higher than that of Quercetin, Anthocyanin and Delphinidin-3-glucoside in the sepales, and the salicylic acid spray treatment was 50 mg/l. The seaweed extract was also sprayed at 15 ml, In most active substances. There were no significant differences in the concentration of vitamin C, Gossypetine, Kaempferol and Hibiscetine in the sepales.

12 tables, 16 ref

029874   STALIN P, DARTHIYA M (Agronomy Dep, Annamalai Univ, Chidambaram – 608 002) : Studies on integrated plant nutrient supply system on maximization of rice for Cauvery delta region. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2466-8.

Field investigation was carried out during September 2016 to January 2017 at the Experimental Farm, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India to evaluate the integrated plant nutrient supply system on rice in the tail end area of Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu. The experiment comprised of twelve treatments with various cheaply available organic nutrient sources in substitution with recommended dose of nitrogen at 25 and 50 per cent. Water hyacinth, vermicompost, enriched pressmud compost, poultry manure, Green manure and biofertilizers were the organic sources used along with the recommended dose of P and K. The treatment T₂ consisted of recommended dose of fertilizer and T₁ was the control with no application of organic and inorganic sources of N, P and K. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and statistically analyzed to find out the best performing treatments. Among the IPNSS imposed treatments, the treatment T₁₁ (75 % recommended dose of N + recommended dose of P and K + 25 % N on equivalent basis of vermicompost + biofertilizers) exerted significant influence on growth attributes, yield attributes and yield.

3 tables, 7 ref

029707   AL-MAAMORY K H A, LATIF S A A, AL-SALIHY K J (Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical Univ, Babylon- 51006, Email: dr.kawtherhadi12@gmail.com) : Effect of mycorrhiza fungi and salinity of irrigation water on the growth and flowering of Lisianthus plant [Listen to Grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.] advantage cultivar. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2455-65.

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of the inoculation with Micorrhiza and salinity of irrigation water on plant growth and flowering of Lisianthus plant [Listen to Grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.] Advantage cultivar, F1 included two factors, first: Fungal bio-inoculation with Mycorrhiza, It is with two levels (M0: without inoculation, M1: 15 g / seedling) using Mycorrhiza fungi (Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae), second: saline irrigation water (drainage water), with four levels (S0: Tap water, S1: 3 ds.m^-1, S2: 6 ds.m^-1, S3: 9 ds.m^-1) was prepared by mixing the drainage water with the tap water, the treatment began with salt levels after a month of cultivating the seedlings in the land of the greenhouse. The results showed that the inoculated of Lisianthus plants with Mycorrhiza significantly reduced the harmful effects of saline water (drainage water), reduced the effectiveness of the antioxidants enzyme (POD, SOD), the leaves content of proline. It also led to a significant increase in the vegetative and flower growth traits (plant height, number of inflorescence per plant, vase life of cut flowers). The treatment of the bio-inoculation was significantly improved in the number of spores and the percentage of infection with Mycorrhiza, while the leaves content of proline and the effectiveness of the antioxidants enzyme (POD, SOD) with the salinity of irrigation water, the level (9 ds.m^-1) recorded the highest to it. The salinity of irrigation water reduced the plant height, the number of inflorescence per plant, the vase life of flowers, the number of spores and the percentage of root infection with Mycorrhizia. Where, the level 9 ds.m^-1 gave the lowest averages.

4 illus, 8 tables, 30 ref

029763   KASINATH B L, LAL S V, KUMAR S, KAPOOR P, BASANTIA D, MEENA B L, KUMAR M, PAUL T, AHMED S K Z, KUNDU A (ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, North and Middle Andaman-744 201) : Knowledge level of north Andaman farmers towards scientific vegetable cultivation practices- A case study. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2443-7.

In Andaman and Nicobar Islands, around 85 % of the geographical area is covered under forest. The vegetable cultivation is practiced by N & M Andaman district farmers especially from Diglipur Tehsil as their main source of income during Rabi season in rice fallow lands. However, the productivity of vegetables is far below the level of mainland farmers. This is due to poor adoption of scientific cultivation practices by farmers. Thus, the present study was conducted in Diglipur Tehsil with 120 respondents selected from 8 villages using random sampling techniques. The results showed that 20 percent of farming community are youth and annual income of majority (47 %) of farmers is medium and their education level is also very poor. These socio economic factors mainly attributed to their adoption behavior of cultivation practices. The vegetable cultivation significantly contributed (50 %) to the farmers income. Among the respondents 88 per cent respondents were un aware of precision farming techniques which play a vital role in enhancing the productivity. In plant protection management, farmers have no knowledge about identification of pests and use of appropriate pesticides for their management. The Farmers use available one or as given by pesticide dealers thereby they incur monitory loss besides yield loss. Thus the average productivity is low as IPM play a vital role in crop production. Further it was found that majority of farmers still depend on private dealers to redress the pest problems. The correlation analysis with farmer’s socio-economic factors and adoption of improved cultivation practices revealed that knowledge of respondents increased with the increase in their education and income. Educating the farmers through mass media training and demonstration will help the farmers in learning/adopting new technologies, which intern help them to increase their productivity level and their farming income on sustainable basis. Thus, it can be observed from this study that age, education and farming income influence much on motivation for learning and adoption level of farmers.

1 illus, 4 tables, 14 ref

029694   ABOOD S S, EZZAT H N (Animal Resources Dep, Baghdad Univ, Baghdad, Iraq) : Effect of adding different levels from bee pollen in diet on productive performance of broiler chickens. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2435-8.

This study was conducted in the poultry field of the Department of Animal Production - Faculty of Agriculture - University of Baghdad (Abu Ghraib) for the period from 28/9/2017 to 9/11/2017 for a period of six weeks (42 days), was used in the experiment 300 chick of broiler (Ross 308) one day old. The aim of this study was to effect of adding supplementing different levels of bee pollen (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000) gm/100 kg on Productive Performance. The chicks were randomly distributed in to five treatments, T1 control (without any addition), (T2, T3, T4 and T5) adding bee pollen in the diet 250, 500, 750 and 1000 gm/100 kg respectively. The results showed that bee pollen in the diet level 1000 gm/100 kg led to significant increase in the weight body rate, Cumulative feed consumption rate, dressing with edible bowels and without Edible bowels. While, no significant differences were found in total weight gain, total the food conversion and relative weight for heart, liver and Abdominal fat.

7 tables, 11 ref

029693   ABOOD N M, ABDULHAMED Z A, ABBAS S A (Field Crops Dep, Anbar Univ, Ramadi, Iraq, Email: dr.nihad2@gmail.com) : Genetic variability and expected genetic advance of some barley cultivaers Hordeum vulgare L. under various levels of pottassium fertilizing. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2403-11.

The present study was conducted out in the College of Agriculture Fields, University of Anbar, Iraq during two growing seasons, 2015 and 2016. The experiment was conducted by randomized complete block design, split plot experiment with three replications. Various fertilizer levels of potassium element; 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg.ha^-1. The potassium levels were taken the main plots. While the varieties of Barley crop Hordium vulgare, namely, Al-Warkaa, Nomar, Arevat, Samier and Amal under, were taken sub plots. To evaluate yield and its components, phenotypic and genotypic variations, Expected Genetic Advance and Heritability in a broad senses were calculated. The highest percentage regarding genotypic to phenotypic variations observed in the number of grains per spikelet traits, 6.3 and 5.3, followed by weight of 1000 grain trait 8.1 and 3.9 in both growing seasons, respectively. Also the same traits were coming in the highest heritability percent, 86.33 % and 84.23 for the number of grains per spikelet and 8.96 %, 79.45 for a weight of 1000 grains. The genetic advance percent was ranged from middle to high level in both seasons. Samir variety gave the highest yield compared with other varieties tested, 6.02 and 5.73 Ton.ha^-1 for both seasons, respectively. Furthermore, the same variety was the best in the trait of flag leaf and weight of 1000 grains. Potassium levels and its combination with varieties were differed significantly in most traits studied resulted from genetic factors. The number of grains per spikelet and weight of 1000 grains can be recommended to evaluate and predict the grain yield production

9 tables, 22 ref

029856   SHWAYEL M A, AL-MAFRAJI R H H (Diyala Univ, Baqubah, Iraq, Email: mohammedshwayel@gmail.com) : Effect of adding chamomile to diet and water spraying on the physiological performance of Holstein cow under heat stress. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2398-402.

This experiment was conducted in Iraq at alkhal is Dairy Cattle Station In the Diayla governorate During the months July, August and September for the period from 1/7 to 1/10/2017. The experiment aimed to reducing Effect of heat stress on physiological performance of Holstin dairy cows by adding chamomile to Diet and spraying with water during the afternoon (3 PM). The mean of temperature- humidity index (THI) During the months of the experiment was 80.87 and that Indicating that the cows were under the influence of heat stress. The temperature of the rectum as it reached in September 40.08 ºC in the treatment of control compared 38.88 and 38.95 ºC in Treatment Add chamomile 25 g/cow/day and 50 g/cow/day respectively and Respiration rate (in the evening) reached 41.16 breath / min in the treatment of Add chamomile 25 g/cow/day compared 53.00 and 51.83 breath/ min in treatment of control and Add chamomile 50 g/cow/day respectively in the 2nd period (August). The heart rate during August in the evening was 42.33 Pulse/min compared with 45.00 Pulse/min in the group of dairy cows without spraying. The heat tolerance increased to 96.33 and 96.25 in the treatment of Add chamomile 25 and 50 g/ cow respectively compared 90.33 in treatment of control in sixth measurement. The results showed a significant decrease in the temperature of the rectum, respiratory rate and heart rate as a result of the addition of chamomile to Diet and spray the cows with water during the afternoon, which indicates a decrease in physiological stress caused by high temperatures.

6 tables, 20 ref

029803   MIZWEL A K, JASSIM H M (Al-Qassim Green Univ, Iraq, Email: mijwelabbas@gmail.com) : Effect of organic remnants compost and bioactiv fertilizer on growth and yield of potato. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2389-97.

A field experiment was conducted in farmers’ field in Jabla district Babylon province in 15 Sep. 2016. The study was undertaken to determine the best combination between organic material and bioactive fertilizers in the culture of potato using potato cultivar the Burren (HZPC company), Joure, Holland. The experiment was included 6 organic fertilizers: 32 tons.ha^-1 of Palm frond compost, 32 tons.ha^-1 of rice waste compost, a kon of waste with manure in six treatments > of two factors 16 tons.ha^-1 of compost palm fronds, 16 tons.ha^-1of compost rice wastes compost, palm fronds with humic acid, rice wastes compost with humic acid, rice waste compost with palm fronds compost with humic acid, in addition to chemical fertilizer 600 kg.ha^-1-(NPK) and Urea fertilizer 400 kg.ha^-1. in addition to the no application treatment. The second factor was 2 treatments of mycorrhizeael fungi with 10 g.plant^-1, or the fungus Trichoderma 0.625 g.plant^-1 in addition to the comparison treatment without adding the combination of palm fronds, rice compost and humic acid had given a significant increase on chlorophyll content compared to other combination treatments as well as the comparison treatment. The no application treatment was lower than the chemical fertilizer addition of palm frond compost produced the highest percent dry matter of the vegetative group palm frond compost produced the highest rate in the marketing product per plant. The bioactive fertilizers produce a significant increase in chlorophyll ratio, the Good for marketing of the plant and weight of the tuber. The overlap between organic and fungi indicated a significant increase in chlorophyll and percent of dry matter of the vegetative group, the marketing share of the plant and the nutrient ratio N and P in the tubers. The combination of the compost of rice and the Trichoderma mushrooms gave good results that can be expressed by chemical fertilizer.

10 tables, 34 ref

029801   MIJWEL A K (Horticulture and Landscaper Dep, AL-Qasim Green Univ, Iraq, Email: mijwelabbas@gmail.com) : Organic and bio-fertilizers and their effect in some soil and plant variables and potato yield. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2340-4.

Organic fertilizers play a key role in improving the physical and chemical soil traits and the activation of beneficial microorganisms in the soil as well as the role of bio-fertilizer in improving plant production. So this experiment was proposed to study the effect of organic and bio-fertilizers on some nutrients in soil and plants and the search for a combination of organic and biofertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer, an experiment was conducted in Babylon at 15/9/2016 on the potato plant (Sulanum tuberosum L.) Burren cultivar from Dutch Origin. The experiment included two factors, the first of which included seven treatments, which is a organic combination: O1: control treatment of recommended chemical fertilizer, O2: 32 tons.h^-1 palm leaves compost, O3: 32 tons.h^-1, rice Remnants compost, O4: 16 tons.h^-1 palm leaves compost + 16 tons.h^-1 rice Remnants compost, O5: 32 tons.h^-1 palm leaves compost + 2 m.L^-1 humic acid, O6: 32 tons.h^-1 rice Remnants compost + 2 m.L^-1 humic acid, O7: 16 tons.h^-1palm leaves compost + 16 tons.h^-1 rice Remnants compost + 2 m.L^-1 humic acid. The second factor involved the addition of beneficial fungi to the soil: F0: without adding, F1: adding the Mycorrhiza fungus mixed with Peat moss by 10 g.plants^-1, F2: Add the Trichoderma mixed with the Peat moss by 0.625 g.plants^-1. Organic and bio-fertilizer have positively affected on soil content of organic substance, Organic Carbon, Organic Phosphorus, Mineral Phosphorus availability and Plant yield. Organic fertilizers also have significantly affected in the decreasing NO₃, increased soluble potassium and phosphorus percent in plant leaves. Fungi was positively affected in the prepared Mineral nitrogen availability and potassium exchange and the percent of nitrogen in the leaves of the plant due to the interaction between the organic fertilizer and the mineral positively in all the studied indicators. Some of the interactions have significantly excelled on the chemical fertilizer and did not differ from each other and this indicates the active role of organic combinations in the improvement elements in soil and plant in addition to the plant yield

6 tables, 28 ref

029774   KUMAR M, KATHAYAT K, SINGH S K, SINGH L, SINGH T (Horticulture Dep, Lovely Professional Univ, Phagwara, Email: khushboo.22214@lpu.co.in) : Influence of bio-fertilizers application on growth, yield and quality attributes of cucumber (Cucumis sativus l.) : A review. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2329-34.

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a warm season vegetable, grown throughout the world under tropical and subtropical conditions. It is said to be the native of northern India. It is an important salad crops grown extensively throughout India as well as the world. It is having high medicinal value so it is becoming popular day by day in the country. To achieve higher production of cucumber the expensive commercial fertilizers are recommended but use of excess inorganic fertilizers as per the recommendations soil health and environment sustainability is on sake. So to achieve higher productivity and to maintain the environment balance judicious use of chemical fertilizers is needed. Intensive use of only chemical fertilizers to achieve high production has created problems. Therefore Bio-fertilizers have emerged promising components of nutrient supply system. Application of bio fertilizers which is environment friendly and low cost input with inorganic fertilizers as part of an integrated nutrient management strategy and play significant role in plant nutrition. The application of biofertlizers fertilizers has received great attention in sustainable agriculture. Hence the present information explaining the importance of biofertilizers combined with inorganic fertilizers is reviewed here.

3 tables, 40 ref

029786   KUMAR V, KUMAR A, SNGH A, JASWAL A, KHAN M M S (Agronomy Dep, Lovely Professional Univ, Phagwara-144 411) : Probing the impact of different processed organic manures on physical chemical and biological characteristics of soil under maize (Zea mays L) cultivation. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2297-302.

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate “Probing the impact of different processed organic manures on physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil under Maize (Zea mays L) cultivation” at the Experimental Farm of School of Agriculture at Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, during Kharif season 2015. The treatment were comprised of various fertilizers and these were, T₁ - Control, T₂ (100 % RDF of NPK + 50 % VC), T₃ (50 % RDF of NPK + 50 % FYM), T₄ (50 % RDF of NPK + 50 %), T₅ (50 % RDF of NPK + 50 % NC), T₆ (50 % RDF of NPK + 50 % Bone Meal ), T₇ (50% RDF of NPK + 50% Poultry Manure), T₈ (50% RDF of NPK). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design. The best impact of organic manures on soil physical, chemical and biological properties were shown by T₆ having a pH (8.02), EC (0.39 dsm^-1), OC (1.34 %), N (572 kg ha^-1), P (13.37 kg ha^-1), K (328.5 kg ha^-1) followed by T₇. The organic manures also showed positive impact on plant growth parameters. The highest plant height (167.5 cm), stem girth (7.8 cm), cob length (17.68 cm), 100 grain weight (31.5 g), grain yield (4434 kg ha^-1), straw yield (6820.3 kg ha^-1) and harvest index (37.9 %) was observed in T₆. The lowest growth parameters and yield was recorded in control. In terms of economics, the highest net return and B:C ratio was obtained from T₆. So, to sustain the fertility of soil, integrated use of 50 % RDF of NPK + Bone meal was recommended.

4 tables, 41 ref

029711   AL-RAWI O H, AL-SHAHEEN M R, ABDULKAFOOR A H (Field Crops Dep, Anbar Univ, Najaf, Iraq, Email: ohe1977@yahoo.com) : Estimation of genetic parameters in Iraqi maize inbred lines and their full diallel crosses. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2257-62.

Studied genotypes differed significantly for all traits except NRE and NKR for reciprocals crosses. Values of σ²D were greater than those of σ²A. The ratio (σ²gca / σ²sca) was greater than one. The (h² b.s) was high for most traits, while the (h² n.s ) was low in diallels and high in reciprocals for all traits. Small difference observed between GCV and PCV in both diallels and reciprocals. For diallels, the highest GCV and PCV was shown only for GY, on the other hands all PCV and GCV values for reciprocal were low. ART-B21 × ART-B26 and ART-B26 × ART-B21 showed higher heterosis for GY and NKR. Inbreeds were distributed into four separated groups. Lines ART-B46 and ART-B37 occupied one group.

4 tables, 28 ref

029879   TANTUWAY G, SRIVASTAVA K, TIRKEY A E (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005) : Character association and path analysis studies of yield and yield attributing traits in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss). Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2245-51.

Mustard is one of the important oilseed crop produced worldwide. India is one of the leading producers of mustard crop but, despite having the third largest acreage its production remains stagnant. Therefore, intensive research is required for identification and selection of characters that contribute directly or indirectly to the increase in yield of the oilseed crop. In this context, the character association and path analysis studies were conducted during Rabi 2016-17 at Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi. Thirty Indian mustard genotypes were sown under Randomized Block Design in three replications and observations were recorded on for eleven quantitative traits. Treatments mean sum of square for all traits were found significant except for main raceme length which shows presence of sufficient genetic variation among the genotypes tested. Highest estimate of heritability (broad sense) was observed for 1000 seed weight (94.40 %). Genetic advance for all the traits was in lower range except for number of siliqua per plant (41.605 %). Genotypic correlation of five traits viz. plant height (0.6151), number of primary branches (0.4660), number of secondary branches (0.3829), length of main raceme (0.2979) and number of siliqua per plant (0.3230) showed positive and significant correlation with seed yield per plant whereas siliqua length (-0.3372) was found to be negatively and significantly correlated. Genotypic path coefficient analysis revealed positive direct effects on seed yield per hectare for plant height (2.3881), number of secondary branches (2.4428), siliqua length (0.1947) and seed yield/plant (0.1656). It can be concluded from the findings that plant height, number of secondary branches, siliqua length and seed yield/plant are reliable traits for selection of high yielding genotypes. Traits like number of siliqua/plant, 1000 seed weight, seed yield/plant and seed yield/ha showed high heritability hence give response for the selection. Number of siliqua per plant, 1000 seed weight and seed yield per plant showed moderate genetic advance which suggests that these traits may be helpful in improving the seed yield.

5 tables, 27 ref

029704   AL-JUTHERY H W A, QALI N S, AL-TAEY D K A, ALI E H A M (Al-Qadisiyah Univ, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq, Email: hayyawi.aljutheri@qu.edu.iq) : The impact of foliar application of nanaofertilizer, seaweed and hypertonic on yield of potato. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2207-12.

A field experiment was conducted in autumn season 2017 at College of Agriculture, University of Qadisiyah, research field to investigate the effect of foliar application of SMP nan/o-fertilizes, SW seaweed ibanad multi and HP growth regulator hypertonic on growth and yield of potato. Treatments included 4 levels (25, 50, 75 and 100 g nano fertilizer 100 L^-1 water foliar applied, 1 kg naonfertilizers ha^-1 (as recommended) dissolved in 400 liters of solution ha^-1. The experiment included single, di, tri combinations, in addition to control (water only) using RCBD with 3 replicates . Growth and yield parameters tested were chlorophyll, dry matter yield of vegetative part, fresh tubers yield, biological yield ,harvest index and % of starch, crude protein ,ascorbic acid and water use efficiency (WUE). Results indicated that (SMP+SW+HP) applied treatment was significantly higher followed by the di and single spray combinations, in yield of fresh, dry tubers, vegetative yield and biological yield giving 32.76, 7.280, 2.194 and 10.110 Mg ha^-1) respectively , compared with the control (18.86, 3.626, 1.174, and 5.258 Mg ha^-1), respectively. The highest % of Starch, Crude Protein and ascorbic acid (vitamin c) (16.74 %, 9.2 % and 1.463 %) were with tri spry (SMP + SW + HP) than other treatments.

4 tables, 55 ref

029757   JAISANKAR P, MANIVANNAN K (Horticulture Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar-608 002, Email: abhinavkumar188@gmail.com) : Effect of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and yield characters of bush bean (Dolichos lablab var. Typicus). Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2194-8.

A field experiment was conducted during the year 2016 to find out the optimum dose of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and yield attributes of bush bean var. Co(Gb)14. (Dolichos lablab var. typicus). The treatments consisted of four levels of N (0, 20, 30 and 40 kg ha^-1) and P₂O₅ (0, 40, 50 and 60 kg ha^-1), and with a constant dose of K @25 kg ha^-1 and each treatment was replicated three times. The experiment was conducted in factorial randomized block design. Application of different levels of phosphorus from 0 to 60 kg ha^-1 resulted linear increase in various growth and yield attributing traits of bush bean. Similarly, graded levels of nitrogen from 0 to 40 kg ha^-1 showed gradual increase in the growth and yield attributes. The interaction of N and P showed significant enhancement in growth characters such as plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, leaf area, leaf area index, chlorophyll in leaf fresh tissue, number of nodes per plant, inter nodal length. The yield attributing characters such as number of pods per inflorescence, pod length, pod width, pod weight, Days to first pod harvest, last pod harvest, pod yield per plant, pod yield per plot and pod yield per hectare were also significantly differed due to N and P interaction. Among the interaction treatments application of N @ 40 kg ha^-1 and P @ 60 kg ha^-1 recorded the higher plant height (95.75 cm), number of leaves (75.04) and pod yield (8.93 t/ha) which was on par with the interaction dose of N40 P60 (8.86 t/ha).

2 tables, 12 ref

029716   ALKASSAR S A M, AL-SUKHRI A Y (Animal Production Dep, Kufa Univ, Kufa, Iraq) : Effect of replacement water hyacinth meal (Eichhornia crassipes) by wheat in production and carcass traits in Ross broiler chickens. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2187-93.

The study was carried out at the Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa to investigate the effect of replacing water hyacinth meal (WHM) with wheat in the broiler diets. Starter diets (23.82 % C. P and 3029.7 kcal ME/ kg) feed were gave to the birds from week 1 to week 3 of age, and finisher diets which contained 20.94 % C. P and 3204.5 kcal ME/kg were gave from week 4 to week 6 of age. Three hundred one day old Ross 308 chicks were randomly divided into five groups with three replicate (20 bird /replicate) per group. Each group was subjected to the one of the following treatments (T1) 10 % wheat without WHM, (T2) 7.5 % wheat + 2.5 % WHM, (T3) 5.0 % wheat + 5.0 % WHM, (T4) 2.5 % wheat +7.5 % WHM, (T5) 0.0 % wheat + 10.0 % WHM). Randomized completely Block Design (RCBD) was used. Live body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion and mortality rate were measured to the 6 weeks of age , and for the slaughter weight , dressing percentage, weight percentage of carcass–cuts. Result showed that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) among treatments in weight gains at all periods. Treatment 2 showed the highest live body weight at 6 weeks of age; however, Tr. 5 showed the lowest value. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the rate of feed consumption among treatments during the different periods. Birds in Tr. 5 consumed the highest amount of feed compared with control. Also, there was significant differences in feed efficiency among all treatment groups at all periods where, the highest value was found in (Tr. 5), and the lowest value was recorded in (Tr. 1). There was a significant differences in dressing percentage among treatments at (6) weeks of age, where (T2) was the highest value, compared with other treatments. Also, significant differences (P<0.05) in giblets weights and carcass-cuts percentages among treatments.

9 tables, 24 ref

029699   AL-BAYATI S S, AL-MAHDAWY R S (Animal Production Dep, Baghdad Univ, Baghdad, Iraq) : Effects of adding different levels of organic zinc on the production of broiler chickens. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2145-50.

The study was conducted in the Poultry Field, Department of Animal Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad over the period from 10/09/2017 to 11/11/2017 with a view to checking the effects of adding different levels of organic zinc to the poultry feed on the production and immunity response of broiler chickens at the age of 42 days. 300 broilers of 36.64 g (308 Ross) were used to conduct the study. The broilers were randomly divided into five treatments. Each treatment was also divided into three replicates (20 broilers each). The broilers were fed with the starting feed for the breeding period from 1-20 days with 21 % protein at metabolism energy of 2934.80/cl/kg. The final feed was fed for the breeding period from 21-42 days at a protein ratio of 19 % and metabolism energy of 3143.05 cl/kg where organic zinc was added at levels of 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg to T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 treatments respectively. T3 and T5 treatments showed significant increase in both live and body weight in comparison with T1 treatment. As regards the feeding conversion coefficient, there was significant increase of ( P< 0.05) for T2 and T3 treatments in comparison with T1 treatment. With regard to feed consumption rate, there was no difference between the experiment treatments and the control treatment T1.

6 tables, 32 ref

029818   NOOR M H, ALMAGHIR H A-H, SALIHMIZEL M, ALBOURKY R H A (Field Crops Dep, Al-Muthanna Univ, Iraq, Email: dtn-khanna@yandex.ru) : Effect of distance between plants and spraying of humic on the yield and its components of three of bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2120-30.

A field experiment was carried out at the second research station (Al-Bandar) of College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University during the winter season 2017-2018 to determine the effect of planting distances and spraying with humic acid in the characteristics and growth of three genetic structures of the others. The Split Plot Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The main plates occupied the genotypes and consisted of three structures (V1, Koalaji, V2 Primato, V3 and Zinia). Three parameters were treated for planting (20, 30 and 40 cm), humic acid in three concentrations (H0, H1, H2) secondary plates, the results showed that: Primato genotype was superior in number of branches 6.09 branches plant^-1, number pods 10.15 plant^-1, Zinia genotype was superior in 100 seeds weight 90.15 g, plant yield 48.3 g. Plant^-1 and the total yield was 1658 kg h^-1. The concentration of H2 gave the highest plant height 69.45 cm and the number of branches 8.03 branch^-1 and the number of pods 13.11 pods plant^-1, the weight of 100 seeds 98.15 g, the plant yield 68.6 g. Plant^-1 and the total 2403 kg^-1. The distance exceeded 20 cm on the rest of the treatments, average height of the plant 64.27 cm, while the treatment 30 cm in the number of branches plant^-1 (6.11 branch plants^-1), the weight of 100 seeds 87.67 g. The results of V3XH2 was superior in plant height 74.36 cm, branch number 9.44, seed number 5.21 pod^-1, number of pods 5.22 pods plant^-1, plant yield 85.5 g and the total plant was 2993 kg h^-1 and the combination of V2XS2 was higher in plant height 73.14 cm, the number of seeds 4.97 seeds pods^-1 the weight of 1000 seeds 100.89 g, the number of pods per plants 10.78 and V2 X S3 was higher in the plant yield of 52.5 g, H2 X S2 in plant height 77.98 cm, the weight of 100 seeds 101.67 g. H2 X S3 exceeded the number of branches 9.22 branches and the number of pods 14.44 pods plant^-1. The total plant yield is 2682 kg h^-1. The triangular overlap showed the results of V3 × S2 × H2 was superior in the number of branches 10.67 branches, the number of seeds 5.76 seeds of pod^-1 and the number of pods 17.33 pods plant^-1, the weight of 100 seeds 117 g and the plant yield 91.5 g.

8 tables, 25 ref

029813   NAGDA R, DUBEY N, AVINASHE H, TAMATAM D (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, Lovely Professional Univ, Phagwara - 144 411, Email: drnidhi355@gmail.com) : Assessment of genetic diversity in mustard genotypes. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2091-6.

Mustard is a major oil seed crop having 32 - 44 % oil content. A field experiment was conducted during Rabi, 2017-18 under Agriculture farm, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara (Punjab), India, to study the genetic divergence in 36 Mustard genotypes and observations on 13 traits of were recorded. The analysis of variance indicated that significant variation was present among the different genotypes of the Mustard for all the traits under study. Genetic divergence assessed using D² statistics for characters enabled grouping of all the genotypes in seven clusters. Among seven clusters, cluster I was the biggest with 13 genotypes followed by cluster II with 11 genotypes, cluster IV with 5 genotypes and cluster III with 4 genotypes. Cluster V, VI and VII were solitary. Maximum differences among the genotypes within the same cluster (intra-cluster) were shown by cluster IV (267.22) followed by cluster III (217.06), cluster II (133.07) and cluster I (92.53). Solitary clusters V, VI and VII showed zero intra-cluster distances. Diversity among the clusters varied from 171.51 to 1645.64 inter-cluster distances. Cluster VI and VII showed maximum inter cluster distance (1645.64).

2 illus, 5 tables, 10 ref

029833   RAJAN R E B, KUMAR C P S, JOSHI J L (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002) : Generation mean analysis for some quality traits in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2083-6.

Generation mean analysis was studied among seven quality traits in the cross EC 461070 x MTM Local of tomato for five generations in randomized block design with three replications at Research Form, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Agricultural University. The results revealed that number of seeds per fruit, pericarp thickness, vitamin C content, carotene content, pH of juice, TSS %, sugar content and shelf life were governed by duplicate epistasis and number of locules per fruit is governed by complementary interaction.

4 tables, 9 ref

029771   KUMAR A, SRIKANTH K, ARORA P, ZAEEM A (Amity Univ, Sector -125 Expressway, Noida, Email: akumar21@amity.edu) : Formulation of crucifer plant volatiles and assessment of their impact on parasitic efficiency of Trichogramma chilonis. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2077-82.

In integrated pest management, utilization of chemical cues especially synomones emanating from plants can act as a highly valuable, self-sustaining, and eco-friendly alternative of chemical pesticides. Development of formulations of these chemical cues is an essential step to enhance their commercial utilization in field conditions. Present study focused on the development of formulations from synomonal cues present in leaf extracts using fuller’s earth as a solid and inert base. Laboratory bioassays were carried out to assess the impact of storage duration and temperature on the quality of the targeted formulations. Saturated hydrocarbon profile of leaf extracts used in formulation preparation was also analyzed through Gas Chromatography. All the formulations elicited better response as compared to control. Formulation combination, FC1 - Girija (400000 mg/L) was found to register significantly higher mean percent parasitism for 15 ± 2 ºC and 25 ± 2 ºC storage temperatures which may be exploited commercially to enhance the efficacy of biological control agents.

3 tables, 20 ref

029760   JHANSI RANI N, RAJULU B G, RUTH C, KAVITHA M, MADUMATHI C, RAMAIAH M, RAMAKRISHNA M (Plant Pathology Dep, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural Univ, Kadapa-516105, Andhra Pradesh, Email: jhansinagaraju7@gmail.com) : Survey on leaf spot diseases in acid lime in Nellore region of Andhra Pradesh. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2058-60.

A roving survey was conducted in the year 2017-18 during August- November months, in acid lime grown orchards of three different mandals viz., Balaya palli, Dakkili and Venkatagiri mandals of Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh to assess the percent disease index of leaf spot diseases in acid lime. The percent disease index was recorded by using 0-5 point scale. Among the different locations surveyed, leaf spot caused by Colletotrichum spp. and greasy spot was more prevalent. The maximum mean percent disease index of leaf spot caused by Colletotrichum was recorded from Dakkili mandal (26.08 %) followed by Balayapalli mandal (20.97 %), while lowest mean was recorded in Venkatagiri mandal (17.3 %). The maximum mean percent disease index of greasy spot was observed from Balayapalli mandal (22.58 %) followed by Dakkili mandal (18.23), whereas lowest percent disease index was recorded in Venkatagiri mandal (14.44 %).

1 table, 8 ref

029731   CHANDRASEKHAR V, BABU B R, RAJASEKHAR M (Horticulture Research Station, A.P.) : Evaluation and genetic variability studies in germplasm of jackfruit available in certain districts of Andhra Pradesh. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2047-52.

An investigation was conducted at HRS, Venkataramannaguem to evaluate and explore the variability in morphological and biochemical characters of jack fruit through a comprehensive survey. Thirteen genotypes in East Godavari district, 9 genotypes in Visakhapatnam and 11 genotypes were available at HRS, Venkataramanagudem, West Godavari district were identified and observations were recorded in the field and laboratory and the data obtained was subjected to variability studies. Highest fruit weight coupled with highest number of flakes per fruit, weight of flakes per fruit, fruit length, fruit diameter, results in high edible portion (flake:fruit ratio) with medium flake length, width and weight and less number of fruits per tree was recorded in genotype CS – 2. The range of phenotypic coefficient of variation estimated from 3.94 to 80.12 and genotypic coefficient of variation from 3.52 to 78.77 for fruit and biochemical characters. It can be concluded that genotypes with wide range of genotypic and phenotypic variation for the characters studied could be exploited through clonal selection for their improvement.

3 tables, 12 ref

029787   KUMAR V, PRAKASH A, KASHYAP A K, (Lovely Professional Univ, Jalandhar-144 411, Email: vinayniftem@gmail.com) : Combining ability and heterosis following line x tester analysis for fiber anatomical characters in cultivated jute. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2042-6.

The research work was conducted in the year 2011-2012 at the farm of central research institute for jute and allied fibers, Kolkata. The main aim of the research was to estimate fiber yield of different jute varieties with anatomical methods. Fiber anatomical characters such as Total bark diameter, Difference between fiber wedge tip and outer bark layer, Average length of fiber cell wedge, Average width of fiber wedge at base, Average width of fiber wedge at top, Average width of fiber wedge at middle, Number of fibre cell blocks at base, Number of fibre cell blocks at middle and Number of fiber cells in each block were analyzed using a Line × Tester mating design among nine Corchorus olitorius jute varieties. The hybrids along with their parents were evaluated at two plant growth stages viz., 30 and 60 days age of the crop. The results showed significant variation at both the dates of observation and it was conspicuous at 60 days age. Considering GCA effects, OMU-42 among the lines and JRO-204 among the testers were superior general combiners. There were 31 combinations exhibiting significant and desirable SCA effects with respect to different characters. Such SCA effects resulted from crosses between parents with high × high, high × medium, medium × low, high × low and low × low and medium × medium general combiners. Further, in the present experiment, only 4 combinations viz., OIM-45 × JRO-204 for total bark diameter, OMU-09 × JRO-524 and OMU-42 × JRO-8432 for average length of fibre cell wedge and OIM-45 × JRO-average width of fibre cell wedge at middle produced significantly desirable SCA effects at both the ages.

3 tables, 13 ref

029858   SINGH A, KASHYAP L, KUMAR A, JASWAL A, SINGH M (Agronomy Dep, Lovely Professional Univ, Phagwara-144 411, Email: harrydeep628@gmail.com) : Effect of fertilizers on the incidence of leaf folder and brown plant hopper in transplanted basmati rice. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2037-41.

The Rice Leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and Brown plant hopper, Nilaparvata lugens are Rice pest which are prone to outbreaks when high level of nitrogen fertilizers are applied to Rice. To determine the effect of different fertilizers on the incidence of Leaf folder and Brown plant hopper on transplanted Basmati Rice a field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm School of Agriculture, in Lovely Professional University Phagwara, Punjab during Kharif season 2015. The experiment was comprised with 15 treatments and laid out in a Randomized complete block design with three replications. The recommended dose of fertilizer N - 43 kg ha^-1, P₂O₅ - 30 kg ha^-1, K₂O-30 kg ha^-1 and ZnSO₄ - 25 kg ha^-1. The results showed that high dose of nitrogen did not affect Rice grain and straw yield but more impacted to the outbreak of Leaf folder and Brown plant hopper. The phosphorous and potash applications were directly correlated with control of insect pest and yield of Rice. The ZnSO₄ proved to be a better mode of fertilization for the crop at all levels of application, as it allowed nutrient blend in soil and reduced susceptibility of plants to pests. The crop with 48 kg ha^-1 nitrogen application showed highest leaf folder damage per cent and brown plant hopper hill^-1 and showed maximum plant height. Phosphorous and potash fertilizer was less promoted the plant growth than nitrogen height, number of tillers per plant, panicles per plant, 1000 grains weight. The grain and straw yield were recorded maximum in NPK- 48, 30, 30 kg ha^-1. The lowest grain and straw yield (2698, 4278 kg ha^-1) was recorded in control. For the less pest attack and more crop yield, we have to optimize the doses of fertilizers.

3 tables, 27 ref

029719   AMRANI H A A, TAWEEL S K A, ABDUL-QADER Z M (Baghdad Univ, Iraq, Email: sudad.altaweel@coagri.uobaghdad.edu.iq) : Steviosides composition in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni: Effect of drying methods. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2025-30.

A field experiment was carried out in the field of experiments of the Medical and Aromatic Plants Research Unit at the College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Iraq in 2017 on Stevia rebaudiana plant as a comparison guide of eight drying methods on total glycoside composition in leaves and branches. A complete randomized block design (RCBD) was used with three replications. The drying treatments were: solar drying, shade, oven (40 °C, 50 °C, and 60 °C), and microwave (for 1, 2, and 3 minutes). The results showed that the highest dry matter percentage in leaves reached at drying by shade and microwave for 2 minutes (23.52 % and 22.81 %, respectively) and the best composition of total glycoside sweetener including of stevioside (St) and rebaudioside A (Reb A) reached by solar drying and oven at 50 °C was 7.86 % and 7.84 %, respectively. In the branches, the highest percentage was at drying by shade and microwave for 1 minute 20.14 % and 20.09 %, respectively, while the highest percentage of sweetener was by drying in oven (60 °C) and microwave for 2 minutes 0.355 % and 0.350 %, respectively, followed by the same content by solar drying and oven at 50 °C (0.255 %).

9 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

029852   SENTHILKUMAR N (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar - 608 002, Email: nsenthilsukant1975@gmail.com) : Genetic divergence, correlation and path analysis in black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2015-9.

The nature and magnitude of genetic divergence in 35 black genotype for nine characters were assessed using Mahalanobis D² statistics. The mean for seed yield per plant was higher in the genotypes HG 157 (14.53 g), LBG 623 (14.39) and VBG 5 (14.16 g). The genotypes grouped into seven clusters. Cluster VI was the largest containing 13 genotypes followed by cluster V with six genotypes. Composition of clusters indicated non existence of correspondence between genetic diversity and geographical distribution. Seed yield per plant, number of clusters per plant and number of pods per plant were the major characters contributing towards genetic divergence. Cluster III (D= 32.74) is the most divergent followed by cluster V (D=29.62). This study was utilized for selection of divergent genotypes for further crop improvement programme. It is suggested that varietal improvement programme through the hybridization among the genotypes of divergent clusters should be done rather than depending on less divergent clusters. Seed yield per plant had significant positive relationship with number of pods per plant at phenotypic and genotypic levels. It evinced significant positive phenotypic and genotypic association with number of pods per cluster. It also showed positive significant association with number of clusters per plant at genotypic level. Path analysis revealed the importance of number of pods per plant and number of pods per cluster in the seed yield enhancement in black gram. Moreover, many characters exerted their positive direct effect towards seed yield per plant through number of pods per cluster. The magnitude of genotypic correlations was more than that of phenotypic correlation for all the traits.

6 tables, 10 ref

029837   REDDY M A, SRIDEVI O (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, Agriculture Coll, Dharwad - 580 005) : Identification of heterotic crosses for yield components and resistance to yellow vein mosaic virus in okra. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 2010-4.

Fifty six hybrids obtained from eight parents (ArkaAbhay, ArkaAnamika, DBh-30, DBh-37, DBh-39, DBh-43, DBh-47 and DBh-55), which are crossed in full diallele fashion along with eight parents and four popular hybrids were evaluated for estimating heterosis for yield and yield related traits viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, number of branches, inter-nodal length, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, fruit yield per plant and fruit yield per hectare during rabiseason of 2011-2012. The results revealed that the standard heterosis for fruit yield per plant was maximum in the hybrid ArkaAnamika x DBh-43, with a value of 96.97 per cent. This hybrid recorded high standard heterosis for number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight and fruit yield per hectare.

4 tables, 17 ref

029807   MOHAMMED N R, BLAW H H, MIQDAD J A (Al-Qadisiah Univ, Iraq) : Economic evaluation of one of the broiler breeder farms in the province of Qadisiyah, Sunniah area (Case study for the 2016 agricultural season). Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 1999-2004.

Iraq has many investment opportunities of economic feasibility, especially, in the fields of plant and animal productions, including produce broiler chicken. The poultry sector is considered as one of the most important agricultural sectors. It attracts thousands of workers in large companies and small farms in different activities. It produces the most couple important nutritional supplements that the Iraqi consumers depend on, namely meat and eggs, which makes it able to meet food selfsufficiency also be able to export. Constraint and limitation factors that hinder the operation of broiler farms in Qadisiyah province, Sunniah area are existed, despite the possibility of exploitation and operation of these farms halls of increasing the capacity to increase the domestic production of poultry meat and making money for the country. The study aims at conducting economic evaluation and analysis of the optimal farm that is selected from the sample farms. For this purpose, a set of economic criteria to identify marketed production capacity and economic profit were used. The criterion of the invested dinarre turned has achieved 1.65 Iraqi Dinar(ID), which generates a profit of 0.65 ID. The criterion of money refund is relatively low, which is (6) months. The commercial profitability percentage is 64 %, which is good, encourages investors to invest their money in such projects despite the rise in the prices of inputs, especially feed and other supplies. Despite the rising cost of production, the farm achieved an economic profit 82543425 ID. The project is economically feasible and has a low-risk level because the farm is typical, although it is known that risk degree is very high due to diseases and markets fluctuating prices.

1 illus, 5 tables, 17 ref

029740   DEWAN M M, ALWAN K F, ALSAHAF F H (Kufa Univ, Iraq) : Effect of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum as biofertilizers on growth and productivity of wheat crop. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 1993-8.

The study was conducted in growth chamber and field to evaluate the efficacy of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum as biofertilizers on growth and productivity of wheat in amended soil with different levels of wheat straw and phosphate rocks. The concentrations (1.0, 2.1, 4.2) and (1.5, 3.1, 6.2) 10⁵ spore / ml of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum, respectively were used to determine their effect on growth parameters of wheat in sandy and loamy soil. The heigher lengths of wheat plants were (29.53, 33.10 cm); more fresh shoot weights (214.00, 226.67 mg) and root weights (135.67, 166.33 mg / plant ) in A. niger treatment at 2.1 × 10⁵ spore / ml conc. While lengths (31.13, 33.37 cm); shoot weight (214.00, 226.67 mg) and root weights (146.00, 173.67 mg) for P. chrysogenum at 3.1×10⁵ spore / ml in sandy and loamy soil respectively, compared with lengths (22.60, 24.33 cm), fresh shoot weights (121.67, 136.33 mg) and root weights (87.00, 107.33 mg) in sandy and loamy soil only, respectively. It was found the 2 straw : 4 soil + P.chrysogenum treatment increased the length of wheat plants to (23.33 , 25.67 cm) and the fresh weights of plants (193.30 , 211.07 mg) in sandy and loamy soil, respectively . While the lengths of wheat in 2 straw : 4 soil + A. niger were (22.00, 24.33 cm) and weights (196.63, 224.40 mg ) in sandy and loamy soil respectively too , compared with lengths (10.67, 16.33 cm) and plant weights (81.10 114.43 mg) in sandy and loamy soil treatment. The result showed that the 1 g .phosphate / l. P.S.A. medium gave a high radial growth, which reached to 8.9 and 3.3 cm for A. niger and P. chrysogenum respectively compared with 7.5 and 2.2 cm in P.S.A. without phosphate. The results showed that the lengths and weights in soil + phosphate + P. chrysogenum reached to 31.0 cm and 1063.3 mg and in A.niger treatment were 27.0 cm and 903.3 mg, respectively. The spore viability decreased on dressed grains and in spore suspension to (0.04, 1.37 ×10⁵) and (0.12 , 2.93 ×10⁵) to each of A. niger and P. chrysogenum respectively at 9 months, while the vital spores at 3 and 6 months were (1.32, 1.03 ×10⁵) and (20.20, 15.60 ×10⁵) for A.niger and P.chrysogenum on dressed grains and spore suspension, respectively. The field experiment appeared that : soil + straw + P. chrysogenum gave a high growth parameters, which reached to 6.00, 133.00 cm, 4.40 g, 79.00 g, 85.33 and 45.25 g for No. of tellers, length of plant, weight of plant, length of spike, total weight of spike, weight of spike grains, No. of grains in each spike and weight of 1000 grains, respectively. The percentage of productivity increased to 45.25 and 39.67 % in soil + straw + P. chrysogenum and soil + straw + A. niger treatments, respectively.

5 tables, 19 ref

029811   MUSLAT M M, ABD-ALREHMAN E B (Horticulture and Garden Engineering Dep, Anbar Univ, Iraq, Email: emanburkan@gmail.com) : Evaluation of organic fertilization with date palm waste and spraying with extract of decomposing date palm seeds on cucumber yield under open field conditions. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 1974-8.

This field experiment was carried out during the spring season of 2017 in the fields of the Horticulture Department and Garden Engineering, College of Agriculture, Baghdad University (Abu-Ghraib), alternative site for Anbar University, to study the effect of organic fertilization with date palm leaves wastes added to the soil by weight : weight ratio without or with foliar spray by extract of decomposed grindery Date palm seedson cucumber yield under open field conditions according to RCBD design. The study included seven treatments: T0 fertilization of chemical fertilizers (NPK) recommended for cucumber using (260 kg urea / e with 340 kg super phosphate / e with the addition of 100 kg K / e using potassium sulfate), T₁, T₂ and T₃ Addition of organic fertilizer, consisting of 2.5 %, 5 % and 7.5 % date palm leaves wastes, respectively, T₄, T₅ and T₆ Addition of organic fertilizer of 2.5 %, 5 % and 7.5 % date palm leaves wastes, respectively, with spraying plants leaves with decomposed grindery date palm seeds extract. A half of the recommendation of chemical fertilizers has been added to the soil of all organic fertilization treatments. The data were analyzed using Gen Stat program and the results were tested according to LSD test at 0.05 probability level.

6 tables, 24 ref

029702   AL-HAMZAWI M K A, AL-JASIMEE K H A (Al-Qadisiyah Univ, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq, Email: majeed_edu@yahoo.com) : Allelopathic effect of Eucalyptus spp. leaves on some chemical constituents of seedlings of two ornamental plants. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 1967-73.

An experiment was conducted to investigate the allopathic effect of terpenes, alkaloids and phenols compounds extracted from leaves of Eucalyptus spp on some leaf chemical constituents of seedlings of two ornamental plants; Calendula officianlis and Tagettes patula. Results showed that sugar content was increased significantly as the concentrations of the terpenes increased. The increase in concentrations of terpenes, alkaloids or phenols caused significant increase in protein content in leaves although the increases were always less than that for the control. It was clear that the melenodialdehyde (MDA), glutathione and proline content in the two ornamentals positively affected when seedlings treated with the three compounds. The MDA content increases as the concentration of the three compounds used increases. The 400 mg/L of the three compounds treatment recorded the highest glutathione content, Tagettes patula plant.

5 tables, 47 ref

029746   GAIKWAD D S, FULPAGARE Y G, DEOKAR D K, BHOITE U Y, NIMABLKAR C D (Lovely Professional Univ, Phagwara - 144 411, Email: dsgaikwad7@gmail.com) : Effect of dietary feed supplementation of cinnamon and ginger on proximate composition of broilers meat. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 1947-50.

The proximate composition of broilers meat by dietary feeding of ginger and cinnamon were investigated. The trial was conducted with 140, day old ‘Vencob-400’ chicks, which were divided into 7 treatment groups (five chicks per replicate) i.e. 20 chicks per treatment groups. Dietary treatments consisted of basal diet with no additives T₀ (Control), T₁ , T₂ , T₃ , T₄ , T₅ and T₆ receiving 1.0 %, 2.0 % and 3.0 % cinnamon and 1.0 %, 2.0 % and 3.0 % ginger, respectively. At the end of the experiment, 12 birds from each treatment were slaughtered and their carcasses were cut into breast and thigh for the analyses of proximate composition. The non-significant difference was observed in moisture, crude protein, ether extract and ash of breast meat while in contrast significant (P< 0.05) difference was observed in crude protein and ash of thigh meat the feed supplement ginger and cinnamon in the broilers diet.

4 tables, 16 ref

029857   SIDDIQUE A, KUMAR P (Agronomy Dep, Lovely Professional Univ, Punjab - 144 411, Email: prasann0659@gmail.com) : Physiological and biochemical basis of pre-sowing soaking seed treatment- An overview. Plant Arch 2018, 18(2), 1933-7.

The proper germination of a seed in field is a crucial phenomenon because during this period seed has to face various kinds of stresses that may be biotic or abiotic. To get the better performance of seeds in respect to seed germination and healthy seedling establishment of many crops is subjected to various kinds of pre-treatments of seed with water and different chemicals, i.e., Ca (NO₃), KNO₃, NH₄(SO₄)₂, NaCl, KCl, KH₂PO₄, CaCl₂ and Mg(NO₃)₂ in the form of pre-sowing / soaking and seed hardening (hydration/ dehydration) treatment. Study of literature educates that this type of pre-sowing soaking/ hardening treatments improves rate of germination by encouraging the metabolic process in the seed. Therefore, the treated seeds not only reduce the duration of time for seed germination but also improve the post germination phases of plant’s life and finally the yield even under adverse condition because these types of treated seeds are found to be more stress resistant also.

2 illus, 46 ref