024799   LGWE A O, SHITTU I, OKOYE J O A (Veterinary Pathology Dep, Michael Okpara Univ of Agriculture, Nigeria, Email: docoleji@yahoo.com) : Response of cyclophosphamide-treated broiler chickens to challenge with velogenic Newcastle disease virus. J Appl Anim Res 2018, 46(1), 938-46.

This study investigated whether prior cyclophosphamide (CY) treatment influenced the susceptibility of young broiler chickens to velogenic Newcastle disease (vND) virus (vNDV) challenge. Broiler chickens treated with CY at 4 weeks of age showed a loss of weight, severe atrophy of the bursa and thymus and severe lymphocytic depletion in the bursa, spleen and thymus and lymphopaenia. On challenge at 6 weeks of age with vNDV, there were significant (p < .05) weight loss, severe depression, diarrhoea, coughing and sero-mucous nasal discharges and torticollis. Lesions included severe atrophy of the lymphoid organs and congested lungs. Proventricular, intestinal and caecal tonsil haemorrhages andulcers were more severe in the CY-untreated than the treated broilers. Histopathology showed severenecrosis and depletion of the lymphocytes in the lymphoid organs, perivascular cuffin and endotheliosis in the brain. Total mortalities in the CY-treated and untreated broilers were 100 % and 94.44 %, respectively, by day 6 post-challenge. There was no statistical difference (p < .05) between themortalities. These results show that CY treatment may not have an effect on the susceptibility of broilers to an acute disease like vND.

13 illus, 2 tables, 45 ref

024798   XIA B, LIU Y, SUN D, LIU J, ZHU Y, LU L (Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, People’s Republic of China, Email: lulizhibox@163.com) : Effects of green tea powder supplementation on egg production and egg quality in laying hens. J Appl Anim Res 2018, 46(1), 927-31.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea powder supplementation on egg production and egg quality in chickens. A total of 240 Xianju chickens (all aged 20 weeks) were randomly allotted to five treatments, control group T0, no diet supplements; test groups T1, T2 and T3 were supplemented with 1 %, 2 % and 3 % green tea powder into basal diet, respectively; test group T4, 3 % green tea powder and 1.5 % peanut oil were added to the diet. After the rearing test, the eggs from each treatment were collected and later analysed for egg quality. Results suggest that 1% green tea powder supplementation had little effect on egg production and feed conversion, but high amounts of green tea powder (>2%) treatment significantly decreased the egg production performance. Green tea powder treatment had some beneficial effects on egg quality, especially in the albumen height and Haugh unit. Additionally, green tea powder treatment significantly changed the nutritional composition of eggs.

5 tables, 35 ref

024797   PANWAR R, SINGH C P (Horticulture Dep, G.B.P.U.A.T, US Nagar, Uttarakhand) : Response of preharvest foliar spray of micronutrients on physiologicalloss in fruit weight (PLW), fruit volume, organoleptic and shelf life of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Langra at ambient storage conditions. Int J Chem Sci 2018, 2(1), 1-4.

The investigation was carried out at the Horticultural Research Centre, Patharchatta of the G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (U.S. Nagar), Uttarakhand to study the effect of preharvest foliar spray of micronutrients on physiological loss in fruit weight, fruit volume, organoleptic and shelf life of mango cv. Langra. Under ambient storage conditions, preharvest foliar spray of boron, zinc, iron and copper gave minimum physiological loss in fruit weight. Organoleptic was found maximum mostly with the combination of 2, 3 or 4 micronutrients at room temperature conditions. Application of all the four micronutrients was found effective to get more shelf life of fruits.

2 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

024796   BABALOLA O A, ONIGEMO M, OLUDE D (Fisheries Technology Dep, Lagos State Polytechnic, Lagos, Nigeria, Email: sola_ aug@yahoo.com) : Effects of dietary cassava dough (Fufu) kitchen waste as a replacement for maize on growth performance of Clarias gariapinus fingerlings. Int J Aquat Biol 2018, 6(1), 44-8.

The study was carried out to determine the growth performance of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings cultured in the circular plastic ponds and fed diets containing varying level of cassava dough (fufu) kitchen waste at 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 % levels of inclusion. Two hundred and twenty-five fingerlings were randomly distributed into five treatments, which were replicated thrice-using completely randomize design. While the diet with 0% serves as a control. Clarias gariepinus with average initial weight of 10 g were stocked at the rate of 15 fishes per replicates. The result shows that there were no significant different among the treatment as compared with mean weight gained, feed intake, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and feed conversion ratio. Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed with 2.5 % level of inclusion of cassava dough kitchen waste had the highest weight gained with the value of 11.66 g, followed by treatments 1, 4, 3 and 5, respectively. The result shows that the feed with 4.96 % of cassava dough kitchen waste has the highest feed in take, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion ratio. Therefore, a diet with 4.96 % level of inclusion of cassava dough kitchen waste is hereby recommended to be in the diet of C. gariepinus fingerlings for economic reasons over maize.

3 tables, 26 ref

024795   EYO V O, EFFANGA E O (Fisheries and Aquaculture Dep, Nigeria Maritime Univ, Delta State, Nigeria, Email: sirvick2003@yahoo.com) : Ectoparasitic infestation of the Nile squeaker, Synodontis schall (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) from the Cross river estuary, Nigeria. Int J Aquat Biol 2018, 6(1), 37-43.

The objective of this study was to determine the abundance, intensity and prevalence of ectoparasites of Synodontis schall from the Cross River Estuary, Nigeria. A total of 150 fresh samples were collected between May and October, 2013 from the catches of the artisanal fisheries at Nsidung beach. The skin, gill and fin scrapping were prepared from each specimen and examined following standard methods for microscopic analysis. The results showed that 21 specimens were infested with 77 ectoparasites belonging to five species, including Trichodina sp., protozoan cyst, Ergasilius lizae, Dactylogyrus sp. and Gyrodactylus sp. with an overall prevalence of 14.0 %. Infestation rate was highest in 10-14.9 cm class size (53.55 %), followed by 15-19.9 cm (34.00 %), ≥ 20.0 cm (8.00 %) and 5-9.9 cm (4.67 %) size classes. Parasites were more prevalent in the gills (82 %), followed by the skin (14 %)and least (4 %) in the dorsal fin. Prevalence and abundance of ectoparasites was highest (28.57 % and 0.71) in 5-9.9 cm size class, followed by 10-14.9 cm (16.25 % and 0.60), 15-19.9 cm (9.80 % and 0.41) and ≥ 20.0 cm (8.33 % and 0.25) classes. Prevalence and abundance of ectoparasites was higher in female (15.63 % and 0.56) than male (11.11 % and 0.43). Dactylogyrus sp., Trichodina sp., protozoan cyst and E. lizae exhibited organ specificity as they were specifically recovered from the gills whereas Gyrodactylussp. was found in the skin and fin. However, it was concluded that to prevent zoonosis, S. schall should be washed with clean water and cooked properly before consumption.

2 illus, 4 tables, 29 ref

024794   SHAKOORI M, HOSEINIFAR S H, PAKNEJAD H, JAFARI V, SAFARI R (Fisheries Dep, Gorgan Univ of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran, Email: meysam.shakoori@gmail.com) : The effects of dietary lysozyme on growth performance and haematological indices of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerling. Int J Aquat Biol 2018, 6(1), 31-6.

The present study investigates the effects of dietary lysozyme on growth performance and haematological indices of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings. One hundred and twenty Juvenile rainbow trout fish (initial average weight 5.46 ± 0.05 g) were fed on varying levels of dietary lysozyme (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g kg^-1) for 8 weeks. Thereafter, growth performance as well as haematological indices including WBC, RBC and Hct were measured. Evaluation of growth performance showed no significant increase in fishes fed on different levels of dietary lysozyme (P > 0.05). Also, feeding on dietary lysozyme significantly increased WBC compared control (P < 0.05); the highest level was detected in 1.5 g kg^-1 treatment. Furthermore, RBC of fish fed 1 or 1.5 g kg^-1 lysozyme were significantly higher than other treatments. The same results were noticed in case of Hct which was higher in fish fed treated diet. These results indicated that dietary lysozyme affect haematological parameters rather than growth performance.

3 tables, 28 ref

024793   MOULUDI-SALEH A , KEIVANY Y, JALALI S A H (Natural Resources Dep, Isfahan Univ of Technology, Isfahan, Iran, Email: keivany@cc.iut.ac.ir) : Comparison of meristic traits in transcaucasian chub (Squalius turcicus De Filippi, 1865) from caspian sea basin. Int J Aquat Biol 2018, 6(1), 8-14.

For comparison of meristic characters of Squalius turcicus, in 12 rivers of Caspian Sea basin, 535 specimens were captured. Some 14 meristic characters were counted. Classification of meristic characters showed that most specimens of all populations have 8 soft dorsal rays, 9 soft anal rays, 19 branched caudal fin rays, 15 soft pectoral rays, 9 soft pelvic rays, 41-47 lateral line scales, 7-9 scales above LL, 3-5 scales below LL, 18-21 predorsal scales and 14-16 circumpeduncle scales. The results showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in means of all meristic characters except dorsal, pelvic and pectoral fin spins between the populations. The PCA and CVA showed overlapping among the populations, although some populations were separated from the others. Also, cluster analysis divided Divandareh River population in a separate group and it was distinct from other populations. Generally, the results of meristic characters cannot well-separate the populations of this species from each other.

4 illus, 4 tables, 29 ref

024792   ZARGARI A, MAZANDARANI M, HOSEINI S M (Fisheries Dep, Gorgan Univ of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran, Email: mazandarani@gau.ac.ir) : Effects of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) extract on serum antibacterial activity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) against Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus iniae and Yersinia ruckeri. Int J Aquat Biol 2018, 6(1), 1-7.

In the present study, the effects of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) extract on serum antibacterial activity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) against Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus iniae and Yersinia ruckeri was studied. In this regard, 450 fish with average weight of 100 ± 10 g were stocked into fifteen fiberglass tanks. This experiment consisted of 3 treatment groups (received 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg BW safflower extract via IP injection), one positive control group (just received normal saline) and one negative control group (with no injection). Blood samples were taken at the 3^th, 7^th and 10^th days after the injections, and antibacterial activity of serum were determined in vitro using CFU method. The results showed that safflower extract injection had no significant effects on serum anti-bacterial activity against A. hydrophyla and Y.rukeri during 10 days post injection. However, in the fish receiving 100 mg/kg safflower extract, serum bactericidal activity against S.iniae was significantly higher than the other groups. This study demonstrated that safflower extract at the doses of 50-200 mg/kg via IP injection did not cause significant changes in serum antibacterial activity against A. hydrophila and Y. ruckeri, but injection of 100 mg/kg extract led to an increase in the serum antibacterial activity against S. iniae, in rainbow trout.

9 illus, 30 ref

024791   MIRGHAED A T, BARZEGAR M, MOUSAVI H E, RAHMATI- HOLASOO H, BOZORGNIA A (Aquatic Animal Health Dep, Tehran Univ, Iran, Email: mirghaed@ut.ac.ir) : A comparative study of parasite communities of some endemic fish species in the Alborz dam and the Babol river in the southern Caspian sea basin, Mazandaran province. Int J Aquat Biol 2017, 5(6), 401- 7.

The Babol River is one of the main rivers in the Southern Caspian Sea basinin Mazandaran Province. The Alborz Dam has been built along the river to provide annual irrigation and flood protection. This study aimed to identify and describe the prevalence and parasite intensity of some endemic fish species in BabolRiver and Alborz Dam and to compare their parasite communities. The field investigations were carried out from June 2016 to March 2017 and approximately, 546 fish specimens, including Alburnoides tabarestanensis, Capoeta razii and Squalius turcicus, were examined. A total of 13 parasite species, including Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina gracilis, Myxobulus minutus, Dactylogyrus chalcalburni, D.vistulae, D.lenkorani, Gyrodactylus gobioninum, G.prostate, Paradiplozoon homoion, Allocreadium isoproum, Rhabdochona denudatai, Ligula intestinalis and Bothriocephalus acheilognathi were isolated from the examined fishes. The results showed that host-parasite system in Alborz Dam is mainly influenced by the parasite’s fauna of Babol River. The only exception in this regard is the plerocercoids of L. intestinalis, one of the most common parasites in Alborz Dam and found in the abdominal cavity of all fish species. The prevalence rate and the mean intensity of parasitic infection in this reservoir are far more than those in Babol River. In addition this is the first report of Trichodina gracilis from the gills and skin of C.razii in Iran.

3 illus, 2 tables, 39 ref

024790   SINGH H, BISHT I (Zoology Dep, Surajmal Agarwal Degree Coll, Nainital, Email: singh.hoshiyar320@gmail.com) : Comparative ultrastructural study of general body epidermis of the hill-stream fishes; Botia almorhae (Teleosti:Botiidae), Homaloptera brucei (Teleostei: Balitoridae) and Schizothorax richardsonii (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Int J Aquat Biol 2017, 5(6), 370- 4.

The aim of the present study is to provide a basis for better knowledge of the surface architecture of the GBE of some hill-stream fishes. The skin of the hill-stream fishes, on the dorsal surface of the body just behind the head, is densely set with scales and composed of an epidermis and a dermis supported by a hypodermis. Noticeable differences exhibited in the patterns of microridges on epithelial cells, distribution of mucous cells and presence of tubercles on the general body epidermis of the hill-stream fishes may be considered as modifications relating to possible difference in the functional requirement at the different locations. The skin has long been recognized to protect the organisms from deleterious environmental impacts (physical, chemical, microbiological). It is also well-known to be crucial for the maintenance of temperature, electrolyte and fluid balance.

12 illus, 7 ref

024789   MOHISENI M, BAGHERI D, BANAEE M, HAGHI B N (Fisheries Dep, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia Univ of Technology, Behbahan, Iran, Email: mohiseni@ut.ac.ir) : Evaluation of oxidative stress induced by cadmium and comparative antioxidant effects of Shirazi thyme (Zataria multiflora Boiss) and vitamin E in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Int J Aquat Biol 2017, 5(6), 360- 9.

Shirazi thyme is an active phytobiotc contains phenolic compounds and flavonoids which have strong antioxidant properties. This study was conducted to investigate the potential protective effects of Shirazi thyme compared to that of vitamin Eagainst cadmium toxicity. Common carp juveniles (34 ±3 g) were divided into four groups and fed by three different diets, including commercial diet without any additive (for control and metal only group) and supplemented with either 1% ground Shirazi thymeor 100 mg/kg vitamin E. All treatments except the control were exposed to sublethal concentration of waterborne cadmium (1.5 mg/L free ion) for 15 days and liver, kidney and gill were sampled 3, 7, 10 and 15 days after the exposure. The results showed that treatment of the fish with cadmium for 15 days resulted in a significant reduction in glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) and led to liver, kidney and gills dysfunction. On the other hand, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly increased during metal exposure. Supplementation of diets with Shirazi thyme and vitamin E led to a significant protection against metal exposure in different tissues. Moreover, Shirazi thyme was found to be as effective as vitamin E. The current finding can provide a useful reference for stress protective effects of thyme and its beneficial role in aquaculture.

3 illus, 1 table, 56 ref

024788   SHARMA A, KUMAR R A, SOOD S, KHULBE R K, AGGARWAL P K, BHATT J C (ICAR- Directorate of Rapeseed Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, Email: sharmaanubhuti@yahoo.com) : Evaluation of nutraceutical properties of finger millet genotypes from mid hills of northwestern Himalayan region of India. Indian J Exp Biol 2018, 56(1), 39- 47.

Finger millet Eleusine coracana L., commonly called Ragi, is a rich source of phytochemicals and have number of health beneficial effects. The present study evaluated the total antioxidant activity (TAA), condensed tannins (CT), micronutrient content (Fe & Zn), diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and phenolic compounds in 35 finger millet genotypes. The assayed genotypes showed 0.91-0.99 mg/g CT, 23.79-56.51 mM/kg TAA, 1.76-44.47 μM/g DPPH scavenging activity, 44.14-88.09 μg/mL ABTS activity, 100-463.53 μM FRAP value, 37.04-69.13 ppm Fe and 28.94-46.77 ppm Zn. HPLC analysis showed that gallic, tannic, ferulic, caffeic and o-coumaric acid to be major polyphenols in all genotypes. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed significantly higher CT, TAA with relatively good amount of Fe and Zn in VL Ragi 146, VL Mandua 352, VL 336, VL 373, VL 325, VL 351, GPHCPB 7, GPHCPB 3, GPHCPB 52 and VR 708 genotypes. Agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis classified the 35 genotypes into two clusters; Cluster I had higher CT, TAA, FRAP, DPPH, ABTS, while cluster II recorded higher Fe and Zn. This study clearly demonstrated the nutraceutical properties with higher antioxidant potential of identified genotypes, which can be suitably deployed for nutritional security, particularly in developing countries.

3 illus, 2 tables, 35 ref

024787   DHILLON M K, CHAUDHARY D P (Entomology Div, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi- 110 012, Email: mukeshdhillon@rediffmail.com) : Physicochemical mechanisms of resistance in sorghum to Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). Indian J Exp Biol 2018, 56(1), 29- 38.

Variation in nutritional components and amounts of secondary metabolites not only affects the growth, development and survival of insect herbivores but also indirectly influences expression of host plant resistance to insects. In this study, we examined the role of different biochemical and morphological factors in sorghum as host plant defense against the spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). The genotypes IS 2205 and IS 2123 suffered lower deadheart incidence, and exhibited deleterious effects on development and survival of C. partellus, followed by ICSV 700, ICSV 708 and ICSV 25066 than the susceptible check, Swarna. The anthocyanin pigmentation in sorghum seedlings and C. partellus deadhearts were found significantly and negatively correlated with the larval period (r = −0.60** to −0.88**), while positively correlated with the larval and pupal weights, and larval survival and adult emergence (r = 0.58* to 0.95**). Conversely, the numbers of C. partellus exit holes in the stalk, larvae recovered, number of tunnels and stem tunneling length were significantly and positively correlated (*, ** = P ≤ 0.05 and 0.01, respectively) with the larval period (r = 0.72** to 0.89**), but significantly and negatively correlated with larval and pupal weights, larval survival and adult emergence (r = −0.54* to −0.84**). Although there was significant variation in morphological traits and biochemical composition of the sorghum genotypes, there was no direct link to expression of resistance to this insect, but for a few cases. The significant and negative association of total carotenoid, p-coumaric acid, zinc and iron contents with growth, development and survival of C. partellus, and damage parameters (r = −0.48* to −0.72**), indicated their role in expression of resistance to C. partellusin sorghum. However, the interaction among different biochemical compounds and the morphological traits, rather than a particular biochemical constituent played a greater role in host plant defense against C. partellus.

1 illus, 7 tables, 43 ref

024786   BISWAKARMA S, PALA N A, SHUKLA G, VINEETA, CHAKRAVARTY S (Forestry Dep, Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Cooch Behar-736 165, West Bengal, Email: nazirpaul@gmail.com) : Ethnomedicinal plants used to cure stomach disorders in forest fringe communities in northern part of West Bengal. Indian J Nat Prod Resour 2017, 8(4), 370- 80.

The present study was carried out in the eight forest fringe villages of Chilapatta Reserve Forest in the northern part of West Bengal, India. The aim of the study was to document the ethno-medicinal plant resources used against stomach related disorders and their application procedure. A total of 43 plant species belonging to 40 genera and 31 families were documented. These documented species were dominated by trees (22) followed by herbs (11), shrubs (6) and climbers (4). The dominant plant families were Combretaceae, Rutaceae and Lamiaceae with 3 species each. Among various stomach related disorders, gastroenteritis was cured by maximum number of plant species (15), followed by dysentery (14) and stomach pain (9). Most dominant plant parts used were leaf of (20) species followed by fruit (13) and bark (8). The plant parts were employed by the inhabitants in the form of infusion, decoction, paste, latex etc. either as a sole drug or in the combination of other species. The documented plant species can be utilized by scientific community for further evaluation and recommendations to the practicing communities.

1 table, 80 ref

024785   SRINIVAS T, SRIDHAR T V, RAO P P, BABU T R, SOWJANYA P (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural Univ, Guntur- 522 034, Email: thumati28@gmail.com) : Post graduate research vis-?-vis farmers? needs ? a study in the farm university of Andhra Pradesh. J Res ANGRAU 2018, 46(1), 92- 9.

The study conducted on the relevance of Post Graduate research in Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University and Farmers Preference in Andhra Pradesh revealed that the PG Research is relevant to the farmers needs. However, the relevance was more in research pertaining to crop improvement and less in crop protection. In Crop Production, priority of the farmers was high on nutrient management (19.22 %), weed management (16.99 %) and soil biology & fertility management (12.26 %) and accordingly research was conducted. Research in organic agriculture, cropping & farming systems, soil and water pollution was not conducted as preferred by farmers. Research on interaction between biotic organisms, compatibility among the pesticide, fertilizers, herbicides need to be focused in view of farmers’ demand. Even though close relevance was observed between farmers needs and PG research in crop improvement, enough research in molecular biology & biotechnology was not conducted. The demand for research on training needs (19.67 %) was more by the farmers while research is being conducted on production economics and farm management (25.00 %).

4 tables, 7 ref

024784   ARCHANA K, RAMBABU P, SIVANARAYANA G, RAO D V S (Agricultural Extension Dep, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural Univ, Bapatla- 522 101, Email: archanakaviti8@gmail.com) : Impact of MGNREGA in terms of direct changes- A study in Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh. J Res ANGRAU 2018, 46(1), 85- 91.

The study examined the impact of MGNREGA in terms of direct changes experienced by the beneficiaries during the year 2015. One hundred and twenty (120) respondents were selected randomly for the study. The results revealed that majority of the MGNREGA beneficiaries’ experienced medium direct changes followed by high and low direct changes. Direct changes observed due to implementation of MGNREGA were increased employment generation (286 days/ year), increased number of employed persons in the family (3 or more), increased daily working hours (> 7 hours), increased daily wage rates (360/- Rs.), increased income generation, increased community and individual assets creation and reduced migration (47 days/ year).

3 tables, 12 ref

024783   REDDY P B, SASIDHAR P V K, SASTRY T P (Indira Gandhi National Open Univ, New Delhi- 110 068, Email: pbhreddy@gmail.com) : Adoption behaviour of groundnut farmers in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. J Res ANGRAU 2018, 46(1), 72- 84.

Adoption behaviour of 180 farmer beneficiaries from eight adopted villages of RAAS Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Chittoor with respect to the recommended Groundnut production technologies was studied during the year 2012. Four types of behaviour viz., full adoption, partial adoption, discontinuation and non-adoption for fourteen recommended package of practices in Groundnut was analysed. The results revealed that overall there was a positive trend (greater than 50 % full adoption for ten recommended practices) in the adoption behaviour of the beneficiaries of KVK. However, KVKs need to put efforts to influence the farmers (through different interventions) for complete adoption of the recommended technologies for improving the productivity and profits of the farmers.

2 tables, 4 ref

024782   SARADA C, GIRIDHAR K, NAIDU L N (Dr. YSR Horticultural Univ, Guntur -522 034, Email: saradarao.chavali@gmail.com) : Effect of different shading intensities and genotypes on production of leafy coriander in off season. J Res ANGRAU 2018, 46(1), 67- 71.

The investigation was under taken to study the effect of different intensities of shade as one factor and promising genotypes as another factor in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications during the years 2009-10 and 2010-11. Among the treatments, days taken for germination was observed significantly less under 50 % shade (9.88 days) followed by 75 % shade (11.04 days). With regard to genotypes, Sadhana germinated earlier (11.20 days) being on par with other genotypes. Number of leaves was recorded significantly more under 50 % and 75 % shade (6.11) than control (4.41). Among the genotypes significantly more number of leaves were recorded in LCC- 244 (6.43) being on par with LCC- 234 (6.12) than Sadhana (4.81) i.e.check. Significantly maximum yield was recorded with 50 % shade (3.59 t ha^-1) followed by 35 % shade (3.01 t ha^-1) than control(0.51 t ha^-1). Among the genotypes, significantly maximum yield was recorded in LCC- 244 (3.18 t ha^-1) being on par with LCC-234 (2.89 t ha^-1) than check (1.87 t ha^-1).

2 tables, 16 ref

024781   RATNAM M, VENKATESWARLU B, NARAYANA E, KUMARI A L (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural Univ, Guntur- 522 034, Email: mekala1968@gmail.com) : Performance of maize-chickpea sequence at different sowing dates and nitrogen management practices. J Res ANGRAU 2018, 46(1), 59- 66.

Studies were conducted on clay soils for two years to find out the influence of sowing time and nitrogen levels on the yield performance and yield attributing characters in maize-chickpea sequence. Sowing dates followed and nitrogen levels applied to maize and chickpea significantly influenced the yield attributes, yield and monetary returns of both the crops during both the years of the experiment. Highest grain and straw yield, higher amount of N uptake by kernel and stover and higher B:C Ratio were recorded by both the crops when maize was sown on the 1st FN of July with 200 % RDN and 100 % RDN applied to succeeding chickpea during Kharif and Rabi of 2013-14 and 2014-15.

4 tables, 15 ref

024780   KUMARI C R, SHANTHI P, REDDY B S (Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural Univ, Anantapuram- 515 001, Email: radhaphd@yahoo.in) : Effect of spacing and nitrogen levels on productivity of pearlmillet in dryland regions. J Res ANGRAU 2018, 46(1), 48- 58.

Studies on response of pearlmillet (ABH-1) to spacing and nitrogen levels in alfisols of scarce rainfall zone under rainfed conditions revealed that plant height, DMP, number of panicles plant^-1, panicle length, threshing percentage, grain yield, net returns and B:C ratio did not differ significantly due to spacing, however, pearlmillet sown at 60 cm x 15 cm produced higher growth, yield attributes, yield and economics. Application of 80 kg N ha^-1 resulted in tallest plants and 60 kg N ha^-1 produced higher drymatter production. Application of 100 kg N ha^-1 produced higher leaf area and leaf area index, yield attributes, whereas, grain yield was higher with application of 60 kg N/ha and straw yield was higher with application of 80 kg N ha^-1. Nitrogen levels did not influence panicle length and threshing percentage.

6 tables, 21 ref

024779   NAIK B S S S, MURTHY K V R, RAMANA A V, GURUMURTHY P (Agronomy Dep, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural Univ, Naira - 532 185, Email: siddunaik08@gmail.com) : Performance of sorghum hybrids under different nitrogen levels in rice-fallow conditions of north coastal Andhra Pradesh. J Res ANGRAU 2018, 46(1), 40- 7.

The field experiment was conducted on sandy loam soil during Rabi 2016-17. The treatments comprised combination of four sorghum hybrids and four nitrogen levels laid out in split plot design with three replications. Among the hybrids, CSH 25 was recorded with highest yield (6841 kg ha^-1) and panicle length (28.25 cm). With the different nitrogen levels tested, application of 120kg N ha^-1 (7491 kg ha^-1) was recorded with highest yield, panicle length (29.90 cm) and test weight (3.97). However, stover yield was highest with hybrid CSH 15R and with 120 kg N ha^-1. Gross returns, net return and B:C ratio were also highest with CSH 25 and with highest N level (120 kg ha^-1). Hence, the study revealed that for rice fallow situation sorghum can be successfully grown with hybrid CSH-25 and application of 120 kg N ha^-1 which were found promising for North Coastal Zone of Andhra Pradesh.

3 tables, 16 ref

024778   APARNA E, AMARAVATHI Y, VASANTHI R P, KUMAR A R N, REDDY N P E (Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Dep, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural Univ, Tirupati – 517 502, Email: dryellaridreddy@gmail.com) : Impact of midseason drought on physiological and biochemical parameters in groundnut. J Res ANGRAU 2018, 46(1), 30- 9.

Drought is one of the important abiotic stresses restricting the productivity of groundnut in rainfed situation by altering physiological and biochemical parameters. The effect of transient water deficit stress on physiological and biochemical parameters like SPAD Chlorophyll Meter Reading (SCMR), the Specific Leaf Area (SLA), proline content, catalase and peroxidase enzymes was analysed during Kharif, 2016 at pegging and pod filling stages in four groundnut genotypes with different levels of drought tolerance under two water regimes viz., field capacity and mid-season drought. The results indicated that SCMR, proline content, catalase and peroxidase levels were increased and SLA decreased significantly in all genotypes at different levels of moisture stress condition when compared to control. Under prolonged drought stress, the increase in proline content is more predominant in drought sensitive genotypes like Kadiri6 and Narayani and is twice as that of drought tolerant genotypes TCGS 1157 and MLTG4. In contrast, catalase and peroxidase enzymes activity was found to be significantly high in drought tolerant genotypes than indrought sensitive genotypes.The genotypes with high SCMR, peroxidase and catalase activity and low SLA and proline contentcan tolerate moisture stress and can be used as a basis in development of groudnut genotypes for rainfed condition.

7 tables, 23 ref

024777   DEVI B, BHARATHI S, REKHA M S, JAYALALITHA K (Agronomy Dep, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural Univ, Bapatla – 522 101, Email: bharathi_says@yahoo.com) : Nutrient uptake and economics of cotton in high density planting system under varied plant spacing and nitrogen levels. J Res ANGRAU 2018, 46(1), 26- 9.

The experiment was conducted during Kharif, 2016 - 2017 to determine the optimum spacing and nitrogen in cotton under high density planting system. A closer spacing of 60 cm × 10 cm gave significantly higher seed cotton yield (1666 kg ha^-1) and maximum uptake of NPK and higher gross returns, net returns and benefit cost ratio (BCR) than the other spacings tested and it was on par with 75 cm × 10 cm. The highest seed cotton yield and maximum uptake of NPK and higher gross returns, net returns and benefit- cost ratio was recorded with a nitrogen level of 150 kg N ha^-1 (1620 kg ha-¹) than other nitrogen levels tested.

1 table, 9 ref

024776   REDDY V G, JAYALAKSHMI V, SRINIWAS T (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural Univ, Mahanandi- 518 502, Email: veera.jayalakshmi@gmail.com) : Character association and path analysis for yield attributes in pigeonpea (Cajanus Cajan (L.) millsp.). J Res ANGRAU 2018, 46(1), 20- 5.

Character associations and path coefficients among 47 pigeonpea genotypes were studied during kharif, 2013 for seed yield and yield components. The results revealed that phenotypic and genotypic correlations are in similar direction and significant. Seed yield plant^-1 was observed to be significantly and positively associated with days to maturity, plant height, no. of primary branches plant^-1, no. of secondary branches plant^-1 and no. of pods plant^-1. The studies on path coefficients revealed high and positive direct effects of no. of pods plant^-1, no. of secondary branches plant^-1 and no. of primary branches plant^-1 at both phenotypic and genotypic levels on seed yield, indicating the importance of direct selection for these traits in pigeonpea yield improvement programmes.

2 tables, 15 ref

024775   MOUNIKA B, RAO C P, LUTHER M M, PRASAD P R K, RANI Y A (Agronomy Dep, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural Univ, Bapatla -522 101, Email: bonu.mounika45@gmail.com) : Effect of integrated nutrient management on nitrogen uptake in rice-no till jowar cropping sequence. J Res ANGRAU 2018, 46(1), 12 - 9.

The experiment was conducted during Rabi for two consecutive years (2015-2016 and 2016-2017) on sandy clay loam soils. The treatments consisted of different combinations of nitrogen during kharif preceding rice crop and three nitrogen levels applied during rabi no till jowar crop. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with thirteen main plots (preceding kharif rice) split into three sub plots (rabi no till jowar), thus, total 39 treatments and replicated thrice. Results indicated that all the characters studied were significantly higher with application of 100 % RDN through inorganic fertilizer (T₁) during kharif and 100 % N level applied during rabi however it was on a par with that of application of 50 % RDN+ 50 % Green manure (T₁₂), 50 % RDN + 50 % Poultry manure (T₆) and 100 % N level during rabi in both the years of study.

4 tables, 10 ref

024774   KUMAR G V S, MADHUMATHI T, KUMAR D V S, KUMAR V M, AHAMAD M L (Agricultural Research Station, Darsi – 523 247, Email: suneelkumar.gonam@gmail.com) : Population fluctuation of natural enemies of stem borer. J Res ANGRAU 2018, 46(1), 1 - 11.

Experiments were carried out during four seasons viz., Kharif, 2014, Rabi 2014-15, Kharif, 2015 and Rabi 2015-16 to evaluate the population fluctuation of stem borer and natural enemies in maize crop. The highest stem borer infestation during Kharif season with mean population of 2.86 larvae/plant was recorded during 40^th standard week coinciding with grain filling stage of maize. While during Rabi season, peak larval population of C. partellus (2.42 larvae /plant) was noticed during 4^th standard week coinciding with flowering and fertilization (silking) stage of maize. Peak incidence of Coccinella transversalis Fab. and Cheilomenus sexmaculata Fab. during Kharif season was noticed in 41^st standard week (0.84 and 0.72 beetles perplant, respectively), while during Rabi, peak population of C. transversalis in 2^nd and 3^rd standard weeks (0.34 beetles per plant) and C. sexmaculata in 4^th standard week (0.78 beetles / plant). Peak activity of spiders was found to follow the same trend during kharif with 1.22 per plant in 41^st standard week and 0.89 per plant during rabi in 4^th standard week. Peak parasitism by Cotesia flavipes was found during 40^th standard week (25.12 %) in Kharif and 4^th standard week (10.8 %) in Rabi coinciding with peak larval population of the maize stem borer. C. flavipes showed positive and significant correlation with larval population of C.partellus on average basis of both study years of Kharif (r = 0.940) and Rabi (r = 0.868) seasons.

4 tables, 19 ref

024773   PARVATHY U, NIZAM K M, ZYNUDHEEN A A, NINAN G, PANDA S K, RAVISHANKAR C N (Mumbai Research Centre of ICAR-CIFT, Navi Mumbai-400703, Email: p.pillai2012@gmail.com) : Characterization of fish protein hydrolysate from red meat of Euthynnus affinis and its application as an antioxidant in iced sardine. J Sci Ind Res 2018, 77(2), 111-9.

Effective utilization of the fishery waste to produce value-added products has emerged as a priority area for the global seafood industry development. Tuna (Euthynnus affinis) red meat proteins which are generally discarded as waste in canning industry was hydrolysed using papain enzyme (0.5 % w/w), and applied as antioxidant in dressed sardine during ice storage. Tuna protein hydrolysate (TPH) comprised of about 89.9 ± 0.6 % protein, 1.35 ± 0.15 % moisture, 2.71 ± 0.06 % fat and 4.03 ± 0.02 % ash. A proportional increase in the degree of hydrolysis of tuna protein with time was observed from 14.96 % at 15 minutes reaching 22.98 % at 45 minutes of hydrolysis. DPPH scavenging activity and reducing power improved with hydrolysis and was found to be 56.82 ± 0.74 % for 2 mg/ml protein and 0.614 ± 0.009 for 10 mg/ml protein, respectively at 45 minutes of hydrolysis. Sardine samples got darkened with storage period as indicated by decreased L* values. Similarly a reduction in hardness value was observed in ice stored sardine samples, more prominent in control compared to treated samples. TBA studies indicated that dip treatment in 0.5 % TPH solution significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the oxidation in ice stored dressed sardine compared to control revealing the application of protein hydrolysate as a natural antioxidant in foods.

3 illus, 2 tables, 53 ref

024772   VINAY A, RAMASUBRAMANIAN V, KRISHNAN M, ANANTHAN P S (Extension and Statistics Div, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai – 400 061, Email: ram.vaidhyanathan@gmail.com) : Total factor productivity of Tuna fisheries in Lakshadweep. Indian J Geo-Mar Sci 2018, 47(02), 319-24.

An assessment of total factor productivity (TFP) was carried out for tuna fisheries in Lakshadweep to evaluate its growth and economic sustainability using Divisia-Tornqvist index. The output index showed a positive growth of 7.32 % and input index showed a positive growth of 5.88 % when year-to-year simple growth rates were averaged while TFP showed a positive growth of 1.44 % during 2000-14. Positive TFP growth in tuna pole and line fisheries during the given period is mainly due to technology development in terms of installation of FADs, mechanisation of pole and line Pablo boats, introduction of new mechanical sprayers, subsidies, training and capacity building programmes, improvement in engines, development in infrastructure facilities like cold storage and ice plants and awareness regarding potential of yellowfin tuna resources.

1 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

024771   DEVI S M, JAISWAR A K, CHAKRABORTY S K, KUMAR R, SHIRKE S (Fisheries Resource Harvest and Post- Harvest Management Div, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-61, Email: akjaiswar@cife.edu.in) : Species discrimination of clupeoid fishes (Pisces: Clupeiformes) from Andaman waters based on moprho-meristic characters. Indian J Geo-Mar Sci 2018, 47(01), 141-7.

Analysis of morphometric and meristic traits of 11 clupeoids occurring along Andaman coast showed successful differentiation of them based on morphological variables. Higher F-ratio for body depth, mouth length and dorsal fin base signifies their role in species separation either alone or in combination with other morphometric characters. Stepwise discriminant function analysis included all ten considered variables showing their taxonomic significance with body depth, mouth length and dorsal fin base, as the most important discriminating characters. The first two discriminant functions accounted for the explanation of 85.01 % of total variation. Cumulative figure reaches 92.02 % when third root is also considered. Means of canonical scores signify the sufficiency of Root 1, Root 2 and Root 3 in discriminating all the considered species except the two members of genus Sardinella. SDFA gives correct classification in 94.60 % cases. Meristic features were found to be overlapping except in few instances and are found to discriminate only higher taxa.

5 illus, 4 tables, 14 ref

024770   DEVI S M, JAISWAR A K, KUMAR R, ALI M I, VELAKKANDY S, SHIRKE S, JAHAGEERDAR S, CHAKRABORTY S K (Management Div, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai-61, Email: akjaiswar@cife.edu.in) : Biometric studies on spotted sardinella Amblygaster sirm (Walbaum, 1792) (Pisces: Clupeidae) occurring along Andaman coast, India. Indian J Geo-Mar Sci 2018, 47(01), 135-40.

All the morphometric variables of Amblygaster sirm show significant correlation between them except head length with showed correlation coefficient of less than 0.80 with all other morphometric variables. Liner regression between standard length and other morphometric variables showed R² value of > 0.9 except for HL and BD were the values dropped below 0.75. Pairwise linear regression of log transformed morphometric variables with log-standard length shows negative allometric growth for HL and positive allometric growth for body depth with standard length. Descriptive statistics for morphometric and meristic characters were found to be in agreement with previous work. Spearman rank correlation shows insignificant relation between meristic characters and standard length. L-W relationship for males and females were established as W=0.000007L ^3.054 and W=0.000001L^3.370 respectively. Relative condition factor (K_n) for females (mean=) were found to be higher than males (mean=) throughout the year with no major seasonal fluctuation.

6 illus, 6 tables, 16 ref

024769   ROY S, KUMAR V, MITRA A, MANNA R K, SURESH V R, HOMECHAUDHURI S (ICAR- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Kolkata-700 120, Email: suvrar6@gmail.com) : Amylase and protease activity in shrimps and prawn of Sundarbans, West Bengal, India. Indian J Geo-Mar Sci 2018, 47(01), 53-9.

Comparative assessment of amylase and protease activities in the gut and hepatopancreas extracts of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Penaeus monodon, P. indicus and Metapenaeus monoceros, collected from Sundarban creeks along West Bengal, India, was done. α-amylase activity in gut and hepatopancreas was highest in M. rosenbergii followed by P. indicus, M. monoceros and P. monodon and the levels of α-amylase activity was found elevated in gut of all four crustacean shrimp species as compared with hepatopancrease. Increased level of protease activity in gut and hepatopancreas were observed in P. indicus followed by P. monodon, M. monoceros and M. rosenbergii and the protease activity level was found highest in hepatopancrease of all four crustacean species as compared to levels of gut. Increased level of α-amylase activity in M. rosenbergii showed that carbohydrates are the principal substrates used for energy production in M. rosenbergii and gut might play an important role in the digestive process of carbohydrate in shrimps and prawn.

8 illus, 1 table, 35 ref

024768   EL-BAB A F F, FOUAD I M, SHEHAB E M T, ELGNDY M O (Damietta Univ, Egypt, Email: Fouad_lab2020@yahoo.com) : Evaluation effects of hydrogen peroxide on health status and quality characterization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Int J Pharm Life Sci 2018, 9(2), 5701-14.

This study was based on investigation effects of hydrogen peroxide on health status, physicochemical, microbiological, Sensorial and nutritional quality for two stocking rates for intensive culture of tilapia mono sex males (10 and 20 fish /m³). In which, three doses of hydrogen peroxide H₂O₂ were used; (0, 350 and 500mg/m³) for 24 weeks to both stocks. Chemical, microbiological and sensory analyses were performed to investigate quality changes, and to determine the best sensorial and nutritional quality. The proximate, peroxide values (PV), thiobarbituric acid values (TBA), total bacterial count (TBC) and mould count were found statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05), in the low density stocked fish treated by 350 mg H₂O₂ Finally, (after 24 weeks) 10 fish /m³ recorded the best of nutritional quality and health to ensure safety by avoiding any threat to the health of the consumer. Protein %, fat % and ash % contents of low stocked density fish treated by 350 mg H₂ O ₂ samples had marked increase compared to the other treatment. The result indicated a much lower content of PV, TBA and TVB-N values in the low density stocked fish treated by 350 mg H₂O₂ in comparison with the other treated fresh fish samples other than control. These PV, TBA and TVB-N values were much lower than acceptable limit. The result also revealed that samples of low density stocked fish treated by 350mg H ₂ O ₂ had lower TBC and mould count than the control. The organoleptic results showed that samples of low density stocked fish treated by 350mg H₂O₂ had the best acceptance, overall acceptability and were significantly different (P ≤ 0.05), when compared to the control. Based on results obtained in this study, it could be concluded that, levels of intensive 10 fish /m ³ were better than 20 fish /m³. In addition to that, fish treated by 350 mg H₂O₂ gave the best nutritional quality and health. While stocking 20 fish/m³ treated with hydrogen peroxide was of best economic efficiency when compared to other treatments.

7 tables, 65 ref

024767   DUBEY S (A.P.S. Univ, Rewa, M.P, Email: shipradubeyapsuniversityrewa@gmail.com) : Effect of selective herbicides to control the wheat crop weeds in Satna district of Madhya Pradesh. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2018, 9(1), 5687-9.

The weeds are unwanted and undesirable plants which are developed where we either want other plants to grow or we wants no plants at all. In cropland weeds compete with the beneficial and desired vegetation, reducing the yield and quality of produce.

2 tables, 6 ref

024766   BHARETI P, SINGH D P, KHULBE R K (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, G. B. Pant Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Uttarakhand- 263 145, Email: bhareti.priyanka9@gmail.com*) : Metroglyph analysis for morphological variation in advanced lines and cultivars of intervarietal and interspecific crosses in Blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper). Envir Ecol 2018, 36(1), 175-80.

The present research was carried out to determine the pattern of morphological variation for eight characters in 34 advance lines and cultivars of intervarietal and interspecific crosses of blackgram including one mungbean genotype BDYR-1 and two check varieties, Pant U 31 and Pant U 40 by Metroglyph and Index score analysis. Two most variable characters, pod length and grain yield/plant for X and Y axis, respectively. The scatter diagram revealed that four groups could be distinguished on the basis of morphological variation and maximum numbers of genotypes (13) were found in group II. Metroglyph and Index score analysis revealed maximum variability for different characters in third and fourth group which comprised thirteen and six genotypes, respectively. Maximum genotypes (7) occurred at an index score of thirteen and highest index score of eightteen was observed for one genotypes, PU 06–24 ; the scatter diagram and index score of genotypes as brought about by metroglyph analysis can be used as a measure of relative genetic distance among the lines, identifying groups of genotypes with yield enhancing traits and in the selection of superior genotypes.

2 illus, 2 tables, 4 ref

024765   CHANGKIJA M, JHA A, WALUNIBA, YONGKONGTULA, KANAUJIA S P (Horticulture Dep, Nagaland Univ, Nagaland- 797 106, Email: moaka88@gmail.com) : Impact of different organic manures and biofertilizers on fresh yield and economics of Amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor) under foothill condition of Nagaland. Envir Ecol 2018, 36(1), 160-2.

A field experiment was carried out at the experimental farm in 2015 and 2016 to study the impact of different organic manures and biofertilizers on fresh yield and economics of amaranth under foothill condition of Nagaland. The experiments were laid out in randomized block design (RBD) comprising of 7 (seven) treatments with 3 (three) replications. Results revealed that among the different treatments in the production of amaranth, application of Vermicompost 5 t ha^-1 + PSB + Azospirillum (each 5 kg ha^-1) significantly recorded the maximum fresh yield (135.24 q ha^-1) of amaranth which was found significantly superior over other treatments. Minimum fresh yield (104.61 q ha^-1) of amaranth was recorded under recommended Pig manure (15 t ha^-1). Among different treatments, maximum B : C ratio (1:4.37) was obtained in the treatment of FYM 20 t ha^-1+ PSB + Azospirillum (each 5 kg ha^-1).

1 table, 7 ref

024764   CHANGKIJA M, WALUNIBA, JHA A, YONGKONGTULA, KANAUJIA S P (Horticulture Dep, Nagaland Univ, Nagaland- 797 106, Email: moaka88@gmail.com) : Response of different organic manures and biofertilizers on yield and economics of Palak (Beta vulgaris var bengalensis) under foothill condition of Nagaland. Envir Ecol 2018, 36(1), 156-9.

A field experiment was carried out at the experimental farm in 2015 and 2016 to study the response of different organic manures and biofertilizers on yield and economics of palak under foothill condition of Nagaland. The experiments were laid out in randomized block design (RBD) comprising of 7 (seven) treatments with 3 (three) replications. Among the different treatments, application of Vermicompost 5 t ha^-1 + PSB + Azospirillum (each 5 kg ha^-1) significantly recorded the maximum fresh yield (211.20 q ha^-1) of palak which was found significantly superior over other treatments. Among different treatments, maximum B : C ratio (1 : 7.67) was obtained in the treatment of FYM 20 t ha^-1.

1 table, 9 ref

024763   KHATHOON S, ANJAIAH T, MURTHY I Y L N, REDDY T P (Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Dep, State Agricultural Univ, Telangana, Email: sameenasam42@gmail.com) : Effect of zinc sources and levels on nutrient uptake and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrid in Alfisols. Envir Ecol 2018, 36(1), 133-9.

An experiment was conducted with sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) on Alfisols with three sources and (ZnSO₄.H₂O, ZnSO ₄.7H₂O and Zn-EDTA) and levels (10, 15 and 20 kg ha^–1) of zinc (Zn) to study the effect of Zn sources and levels on nutrient uptake and yield of sunflower hybrid DRSH-1 crop on Alfisols during year kharif 2014. The different doses (10, 15 and 20 kg ha^–1) of Zn were applied singly with recommended dose of fertilizer. Results indicated that application of 20 kg ZnSO₄.H₂O ha^–1 with 90:60:30 kg NPK ha^–1 recorded higher seed yield and shoot yield. Total uptake of N, K, S and Zn was recorded significantly highest in the same treatment at 60 DAS, 90 DAS of shoot and seed.

3 tables, 9 ref

024762   MISHRA M, MARKER S (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, Sam Higginbotton Univ of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Allahabad- 211 007, Email: mishra.mitali1992@gmail.com) : Assessment of variability and heritability in Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) germplasm under rainfed conditions. Envir Ecol 2018, 36(1), 127-32.

The present investigation consists of 16 genotypes of linseed including one check grown during rabi 2014-2015 following RBD with three replications. The data were recorded on 9 characters. Based on the mean performance RLC-156 and PKDL-162, were identified as best genotype for grain yield per plant. Highly significant variation was obtained for all characters studied. The difference between PCV and GCV was low for most of the characters indicating little influence of environment. Whereas, high genetic advance was observed for seed yield per plot. High heritability was observed for all characters. High heritability show scope of genetic improvement of these characters through selection. Similar results owing to greater contribution of additive genetic component in the inheritance of these attributes. This indicates that, if these traits may be subjected to mass or progeny or family selection or any selection scheme, aimed at exploiting additive (fixable) genetic variance, a widely adapted genotype could be developed, possessing good quality and productivity.

2 tables, 11 ref

024761   PARAMESHWAR P, JOSHI P S, NAGRE P K, (Horticulture Dep, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeet, Akola- 444 104, Email: peripolu@gmail.com) : Evaluation of different sweet orange varieties for better quality and yield under Akola conditions. Envir Ecol 2018, 36(1), 100-2.

Eight sweet orange varieties were compared their performance in Akola conditions in the present studies eight sweet orange cultivar including pera, Pineapple, Jaffa, Washington navel, Hamlin, Valencia late, Sathgudi and Blood red malta are evaluated. Valencia late produced maximum number of fruit^-1 plant^-1 (232.76) with yield of (32.75) kg plant^-1. Pineapple produced the largest fruit weighing 258.5 g and diameter of fruits (9.64 cm) the highest juice percentage (53.13 ml), TSS (12.1 oBrix), Vitamin–C (57.02 mg/100 ml juice) maximum recorded in Valencia late. Sathgudi and Blood red malta varieties had medium yields but their good characteristcs of quality, juice volume low and rind thickness thin (0.30 mm) and thick (0.82 m) produced in Hamlin and Pineapple varieties respectively.

3 tables, 7 ref

024760   BHAGAT S K, TIGGA B, LAKRA A, DEWANGAN P K, SINGH D P, SAHU Y K, KUMAVAT N (Agronomy Dep, IGKV, Chhattisgarh, Email: kumawatandy@gmail.com) : Study of different nitrogen levels and nitrogen scheduling on production and profitability of Aerobic Rice. Envir Ecol 2018, 36(1), 96-9.

The field experiment was carried out during kharif season of 2013. Two nitrogen level viz. 120 kg N ha^-1 (N1) and 150 kg N ha^-1 (N2) and six nitrogen scheduling viz. two splits (F₁-1/2 as basal + 1/2 at panicle initiation), two splits (F₂-1/2 at 10– 12 days after emergence + 1/2 at panicle initiation), three splits (F₃-1/3 as basal +1/3 at AT +1/3 at panicle initiation), three splits (F₄-1/3 at 10-12 days after emergence + 1/3 at AT +1/3 at panicle initiation), four splits (F₅-1/4 as basal + 1/4 at AT + 1/4 at panicle initiation + 1/4 at flowering) and four splits (F₆-1/4 at 10-12 days after emergence + 1/4 at anthesis time + 1/4 at PI + 1/4 at flowering) were laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replication. The results revealed the application of 150 kg N ha ^-1 produced significantly higher grain yield (43.36 q ha^-1), straw yield (74.55 q ha^-1-1), net return (Rs 42, 456 ha^-1) and B : C ratio (1.94) as compared to 120 kg N ha^-1. Similarly among the nitrogen scheduling application of three splits (1/3 at 10 -12 DAE + 1/3 at AT + 1/3 at PI) registered the higher grain yield (50.25 q ha^-1), straw yield (83.84 q ha^-1), harvest index (37.46), gross return (Rs 74,207 ha^-1), net return (Rs 52597 ha^-1) and B : C ratio (2.43).

2 tables, 8 ref

024759   RAGHUVEER M, BOHRA J S, MAURYA A C (Agronomy Dep, BHU, Varanasi, Email: rmraghubhu14@gmail.com) : Influence of fertility levels, nitrogen levels and organic sources on growth pre-kharif baby corn under irrigated condition of Varanasi. Envir Ecol 2018, 36(1), 90-5.

An agronomic trial was conducted with high yielding hybrid variety of baby corn (HM-4) during kharif season of 2014 and 2015 to find out the influence of fertility, nitrogen levels and organic sources on baby corn growth parameters at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh in India. Higher growth attributes were observed with the application of 100 % RDF over 75 % and 50 % RDF, respectively. Similarly, application of 50 kg N ha^-1 through organic sources resulted in significantly highest growth attributes during the course of study. Whereas, application of vermicompost recorded significantly highest values of growth attributes as compared to FYM. However, difference between vermicompost and sewage sludge failed to touch the level of significance.

2 tables, 12 ref

024758   BEERALINGAPPA, KUMAR P H , HEGDE P P (Floriculture and Landscape Architecture Dep, Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences Univ, Mudigere, Email: beeralingapujarifla@gmail.com) : Performance of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev.) genotypes for yield and quality traits under central dry zone of Karnataka. Envir Ecol 2018, 36(1), 86-9.

An experiment was conducted to investigate on performance of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) genotypes for yield and quality traits under central dry zone of Karnataka. Among the sixteen genotypes studied there were wide and highly significant variations observed for various growth, yield and quality parameters. Among all the genotypes, the genotype Lakkundi recorded maximum plant height (69.87 cm). The genotype Chandani recorded maximum number of flowers per plant (692.40), flower yield per plant (830.49 g), plot (24.91 kg) and hectare (41.01 t/ha). The genotype Marigold recorded longest flowering duration (126.67 days), number of ray florets per flower (398.47), shelf life (9.70 days) and vase life (17.33 days). The genotype White Prolific took significantly maximum number of whorls per flower (15.40). The genotype Arka Chandrakanth recorded maximum stalk length (46.80 cm) and girth of the flower stalk (4.35 mm). The genotype White Seventige exhibited maximum flower diameter (6.46 cm) and the genotype Star Pink recorded highest individual flower weight (6.26 g).

2 tables, 10 ref

024757   GUNDLUR S S, RAJKUMARA S, VEERABHADRAPPA (Agricultural Sciences Univ, Karnataka, Email: gundlursannabasavaraj@yahoo.in) : Effect of long term irrigation on chemical properties of surface soils and its impact on maize and sugarcane yield in northern Karnataka. Envir Ecol 2018, 36(1), 69-74.

The effect of different periods of irrigation (10–15, 15–20, 20–30 and >30 years) on selected soil chemical properties of Vertisols of Ghataprabha command area were studied.Surface soil samples from farmers’ field with different periods of irrigation were collected compared with adjacent unirrigated soils. The study revealed that, the soil chemical properties like pH, EC, CEC, ESP, SAR of soils were increased in irrigated field as compared to unirrigated field and higher values in all these parameters were recorded in soils which were under more than 30 years of irrigation. The available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients were decreased as the period of irrigation increased. The yields of maize and sugarcane yield were lower in long term irrigated fields over unirrigated situation.

4 tables, 4 ref

024756   BOORI P K, SHIVRAN A C, JAT M L, JAT L, GIANA G K, DHAYAL B C (SKN Coll of Agriculture, Jobner- 303 329, Email: pinkboori@gmail.com) : Evaluation of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and Fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum L.) intercropping system and sulfur on quality parameters and yield advantages under semi-arid region of Rajasthan. Envir Ecol 2018, 36(1), 46-51.

The study was carried out during rabi season of 2013-14 to study the effect of different intercropping systems and sulfur levels on fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). The significantly lower seed, straw and biological yields of fennel and fenugreek were observed under intercropping system of 1 : 2 and 1 : 1 row ratio, respectively. The fennel grown in 1 : 2 row ratio, recorded significantly highest concentration of nitrogen, oil content in seed and sulfur concentration in seed and straw of fennel. However, the intercropping in 1: 1 row ratio recorded significantly lowest nitrogen concentration and protein content in seed and sulfur concentration in seed and straw of fenugreek as compared other cropping systems. Fennel and fenugreek recorded significantly lower total uptake of nitrogen and sulfur under intercropping in 1 : 2 and 1 : 1 row ratios, respectively as compared to all other cropping systems. The yield of both crops, nitrogen concentration in seed of fennel and seed and straw of fenugreek, sulfur concentration in straw of both crops, volatile oil content in seed and oil yield of fennel, protein content in seed of fenugreek and total uptake of nitrogen in both crops increased significantly upto 40 kg/ha. However, nitrogen concentration in straw of fennel significantly increased only upto 20 kg S/ha. The significant improvement in sulfur content in seed and total sulfur uptake by fennel and fenugreek were observed upto 60 kg/ S/ha. In the whole system, the intercropping in 1 : 1 row ratio gave significantly highest FEY (18.49 q/ha), LER (1.45), Monetary advantage (Rs 39,099.18/ha) and net returns (Rs 126,471/ha). Significantly higher fennel equivalent yield (15.00 q/ha), LER (1.20) and net returns (Rs 100,428/ha) were recorded with 40 kg S/ha over preceding levels.

3 tables, 8 ref

024755   VERMA R, SHARMA D K, PAUL S, GURURAJ K, SARTHI P (Veterinary Parasitology Dep, Veterinary Science & AH Coll, Jabalpur- 482 001, Email: vrupesh77@gmail.com) : Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in Barbari goat under semi-arid region. Envir Ecol 2018, 36(1), 43-5.

Gastrointestinal parasitic infections are serious problem in young goats and have a higher prevalence under conditions of intensive husbandry. The present study, preliminary in nature, deals with prevalence of various gastrointestinal parasitic infections in Barbari goats at CIRG Makhdoom in natural condition. A total of 115 fecal samples collected and brought to divisional laboratory for testing revealed coccidia (99 %), strongyles (82 %) and Moniezia spp. (20 %) infection. While Eimerian infection involved was of mixed nature, strongyles infection showed preponderance of Haemonchus spp. infection. The most common Eimerian infection seen was Eimeria christenseni and Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae. The Moniezial infection involved two common species. The study deals with epidemiology of these infections in details with respected to various climate condition.

2 tables, 6 ref

024754   PADMAYA N A, LAKSHMANA, GOUDAR A, CHANDRASHEKAR K R (Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station Ullal Univ of Agricult, Karnataka, Email: padmayanaik1965@gmail.com) : Evaluation of cashew varieties for flowering and yield characters. Envir Ecol 2018, 36(1), 28 - 32.

Fifteen cashew varieties were evaluated for flowering and yield characters. Number of hermaphrodite flowers per panicle ranged between 10.75 in Dhana to 14.50 in Ullal-2. Ullal-4 was having short duration of flowering season (37.88) and Ullal-1 had longer duration of flowering (37.88). Panicles per m² were maximum in Ullal-1 (16.63). Nuts per panicle ranged between 5.25 in Dharashree to 7.88 in Amrutha. Nut yield was highest in Priyanka (21.88 kg/tree) and lowest was found in Amrutha (7.88 kg/ tree).

2 tables, 15 ref

024753   CHETTRI P, MAITI D, BANDOPADHYAY P (Agronomy Dep, BCKV, Mohanpur- 741 252, Email: pronitaz@yahoo.co.in) : Assessment of different quality parameters of local scented rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain as influenced by various nutrient management practices in the new alluvial zone of West Bengal. Envir Ecol 2018, 36(1), 23 - 7.

A field experiment was conducted to assess the different quality parameters of local scented rice as influenced by various nutrient management practices in the New Alluvial Zone of West Bengal. The experiment was carried out in split plot design taking three cultivars of scented rice viz. Gobindabhog (V₁), Kalonunia (V₂) and Dehradoon (V₃) in the main plots and six levels of nutrient management viz. 25 % Recommended NPK as Chemical Fertilizer + 75 % Recomended NPK as Vermicompost (T₁), 50 % Recommended NPK as Chemical Fertilizer + 50 % Recommended NPK as Vermicompost (T₂), 75 % Recommended NPK as Chemical Fertilizer + 25 % Recommended NPK as Vermicompost (T₃), 100 % Recommended NPK as Chemical Fertilizer (T₄), 100 % Recommended NPK as Vermicompost (T₅) and Control (T₆) in the sub plots in all possible combinations replicated thrice. The highest amylose content of the rice grains was found under the varietal treatment Dehradoon (V₃) with the nutrient management T₄ (100 % recommended NPK as chemical fertilizer) while the other quality parameters viz. head rice recovery kernel length before and after cooking and the elongation ratio was highest under T₅ nutrient management (100 % recommended NPK as Vermicompost).

2 tables, 5 ref

024752   MOHSIN M, YADAV J S, KAPOOR A, DHAYAL B C, ARIF M (Choudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hissar, Email: mohsin1617@gmail.com) : Comparative studies on castor based intercropping systems. Envir Ecol 2018, 36(1), 19-22.

A field experiment was conducted during 2015-16 on loamy sand soil under irrigated condition to find out suitable intercrops viz., greengram, groundnut, clusterbean and sesamum under three different row spacings of castor 120, 180 and 240 cm. It was observed that in all intercropping systems plant height of castor decreased than sole crop but maximum decline was observed with sesamum followed by clusterbean intercrops. Among the different intercropping, higher dry matter production per plant was obtained in castor + greengram followed by castor + groundnut in 1:2, 1:4 and 1:6 at 60, 90, 120 days after sowing and at harvest. Results showed that castor planted at 240 cm row spacing significantly improved the yield attributes (capsule spike^-1, spike plant^-1, primary branches plant^-1 and length of primary spike) of castor. Among intercropping significantly higher value of yield attributes were recorded in castor (240 cm) + greengram (!:4) intercropping system. The magnitude of reduction in seed yield of castor was more severe with sesamum followed by clusterbean. Significantly highest castor equivalent yield (6037 kg ha^-1) was obtained in castor (180 cm) + groundnut (1:4), closely followed by castor (240 cm) + greengram (1:2) intercropping system.

2 tables, 5 ref

024751   SINGH T K, KUMAR A, BOSE U S, KUMAR P (Agriculture Coll, Rewa- 486 001, Email: ashishashish2612@gmail.com) : Characterization of guava germplasm for growth, yield and quality traits in Vindhya region of Madhya Pradesh. Envir Ecol 2018, 36(1), 15 - 8.

The study was conducted during 2013-14 and 2014-15 on fruits. The research was carried out with eleven guava genotypes of five year old guava varieties namely MPUAT S-1, MPUAT S-2, Arka Kiran, SRD H-1, SRD H-4, CISH G-35, Allahabad Safeda, RCGH-7, RCGH-1, RCGH-11 and RCGH-4. The results revealed that significant variation was present with respect to plant growth, yield and quality traits of fruits. Among the different varieties, MPUAT S- 1 was found superior in plant height (2.93 m), RCGH-7 in Spread N-S (2.07 m) and E-W (1.95 m). The maximum yield was recorded in cultivar Allahabad Safeda (5.63 kg/tree) followed by hybrid Arka Kiran (3.56 kg/tree). The maximum acidity was recorded in hybrid CISH-35 (1.5 mg/100g). The highest fruit weight of 11.67 g was recorded in cultivar Allahabad Safeda and this was followed by hybrid RCGH-4 (90.00 g). Further, maximum 100 seed weight was recorded in cultivar Allahabad Safeda. The maximum TSS were recorded in cultivar Allahabad Safeda (10.60B⁰) followed by hybrid RCGH-11 (9.47B⁰).

3 tables, 5 ref

024750   PARTHEEBAN C, VIJAYARAGHAVAN H, PANDIYAN M, BOOMINATHAN P (Crop Physiology Dep, RVS Agricultural Coll, Tamil Nadu, Email: c.partheeban@gmail.com) : Growth indices and yield attributes of Blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) genotypes under high temperature stress at flowering stage. Envir Ecol 2018, 36(1), 7 - 14.

High temperature stress during flowering stages is becoming a serious limitation to pulse production. Most of the areas are experience unexpected warmer environments and temperature variability due to climate change. The main objective of this study is to screen blackgram genotypes for high temperature tolerance based on the morphological traits, yield and yield components. Twenty four genotypes of blackgram were evaluated for tolerance to high temperature and Yellow Mosaic Virus (YMV) in the field under irrigated condition. The flowering and anthesis of genotypes were coincided with high temperature regime of more than 38 + 2^oC and continued for more than ten days. Growth parameters observations were recorded at different growth stages viz., 10, 20, 30, 40, 55 DAS and at harvest by selecting ten representative samples at randomly from each replication. In this present study it was clearly observed that VBG- 07-001 and VBG-06-002 possessed higher growth and yield attributes indicating the genotypic preference over the other genotypes.

5 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref