018265   Patidar N K;Patidar R K;Rajput A;Sharma S K; Thakur R (NO, R.V.S.K.V.V., College of Agriculture, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, Email: narendrapatidar011290@gmail.com) : Evaluation of basic properties of soil and major nutrient in soils of Jhabua district of Madhya Pradesh. Int J Agric Envir Biotechnol 2017, 10(1), 45-52.

An experiment was conducted during the kharif seasons of 2014-15 under All India Coordinated Research Project for Dry land Agriculture at College of Agriculture, Indore Madhya Pradesh to study the major nutrient and other chemical properties of sampled vertisols and associated soils of Ralyawan village of Jhabua district of western Madhya Pradesh. Results showed that the Soils of Ralyawan village in Jhabua district of Madhya Pradesh were low in available nitrogen, low to medium available phosphorous and medium to high level in available potassium. Available nitrogen content in soils of Ralyawan village ranged from 152 to 298 kg ha¹ with an average of 236 kg ha Nutrient index values was in low fertility class in soil of village. Thus, the overall poor and or low status of available nitrogen was observed in this soil. The status of available phosphorous varied from 7.15 to 38.8 kg ha¹ with a mean value of 16.4 kg ha¹. The 22.47% village soil samples from the study area can be classified as low fertility class and 64.84% in medium fertility class. The nutrient index value for P was in medium fertility class of village. The status of available potassium varied from 179 to 826 kg ha¹ with a mean value of 418 kg ha¹. The 0% village soil samples under the study were classified as low fertility class, 2.30% as medium and 97.69% as high fertility class. The pH of varied from 7 to 8 with the mean value of 7.5. The electrical conductivity of soil water suspension ranged from 0.17 to 0.86 dSm¹ with a mean value of 0.37 dSm¹. The variation in organic carbon content in this soil was from 0.23% to 0.80% with a mean value of 0.53%. In general, the organic carbon status of Ralyawan village soils of was low to medium.

4 illus, 10 tables, 22 ref

018264   Patel Y;Singh P;Yadav S P;Singh S;Rai D C (Animal Husbandry & Dairying Dep, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005, Email: pspritysingh3@gmail.com) : Optimization of anjeer, chicory and oats concentration for the preparation of prebiotic burfi. Int J Agric Envir Biotechnol 2017, 10(1), 133-9.

The present research work was carried to prepare a special anjeer, chicory, oat Burfi with improved product characteristics and consumer acceptability. Levels of different component were optimized using response surface methodology. Besides that, physico-chemical properties such as moisture, fat, carbohydrate, protein, ash and energy content were also analysed. Sensory evaluation of product was done on a 9 point hedonic scale by a panel of experts for color, body and texture, flavor, sweetness and overall acceptability. Fat, Protein, carbohydrate and ash content was respectively 16.6%, 11.55%, 57.86% and 3.06%. Per gram of Burfi provides 317kcal of energy. The color, body and texture, flavor, sweetness and overall acceptability of product was respectively 81.25%, 82.5%, 80.00%, 86.25% and81.25%.

5 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref

018263   Patel K B;Saxena S P (Entomology Horticulture Polytechnic Dep, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural Univ, Navsari-396 450) : Sequence of occurrence on important insect-pests of mango. Bioinfolet 2017, 14(3), 243-6.

A field experiment was conducted at Regional Horticultural Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari. The population of mango leaf hoppers was measured throughout the year. Higher population of hoppers was observed from flower initiation to the stone-sized fruits stage. Thrips appeared from third week of August to second week of June. The population of thrips slowly multiplied and attained peak level during second week of April. Incidence of leaf gall midge oriented damage was observed throughout the year. Leaf webber or tent caterpillar was seen to be infesting old foliage during October and November. Moreover, fruit flies were observed during the months of April to July.

2 tables, 10 ref

018262   Pashte V V;Patil C S (Rural Technology and Scocial Development Dep, School of Natural Resoures, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur-495 009, Email: pashte.vrushali@gmail.com) : Impact of different insecticides on the activity of bees on sunflower. Res Crop 2017, 18(1), 153-6.

This study examines the effect of different insecticides on the foraging activity of bees on sunflower (Helianthus annuus). The findings indicated that cypermethrin 10% EC and imidacloprid 17.8% SL sustained less bee visits up to two days. On third day, normal bee activity was restored in case of cypermethrin 10% EC and imidacloprid 17.8% SL treated plots. Fipronil 5% SC exhibited less bee visits only on the day of spraying. The reduction in the bee activity was observed for four days subsequent to application of indoxacarb 14.5% SC.

2 tables, 34 ref

018261   Parmeet Kaur;Dey T (Agriculture Dep, Baba Farid College, Muktsar Road Deon, Bathinda, Punjab) : Characterization of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes for various morpho-physiological and biochemical traits under moisture stress in Jammu. Pharma Innovation 2017, 6(9), 13-16.

In rice, a major cereal, water stress is one of the major constraints for production and yield stability in rainfed ecosystems. In an effort to identify promising rice accessions having tolerance against water stress, fifteen rice genotypes were examined at the vegetative stage under both field and laboratory conditions during Kharif season at the Research Farm, Division of Plant Breeding and - 357 - Genetics, FOA, SKUAST-Jammu, Main Campus-Chatha. A wide range of phenotypic variability was observed under moisture stress condition for most of the traits. It was high for plant height, days to 50% flowering, relative water content at 30 days after transplanting and relative water content at 60 days after transplanting. The traits, total sugars, grain yield, root length, relative water content at 60 days after transplanting showed high genotypic coefficients of variation as compared to others under moisture stress condition. Root length at 35 days after transplanting, total sugars, number of effective tillers, grain yield, plant height, days to 50% flowering, relative water content at 30 days after transplanting, relative water content at 60 days after transplanting, showed high heritability coupled with moderate to high genetic advance, indicating that these traits can be considered during selection for drought tolerance. Grain yield per plant was significant and positively correlated with days to 50% flowering and leaf area index at 60 days after transplanting. Further, it was also significant and negatively correlated with root length at 35 days after transplanting, leaf area index at 30 days after transplanting, total sugars and proline content under moisture stress condition.

2 tables, 32 ref

018260   Pankaj Kumar;Vimal S C;Sarvjeet;Gupta J P (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, (Seed Technology Section) N. D. Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj-224 229) : Enhancement of yield components and seed quality parameters by growth regulators in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). J Pharmac Phytochem 2017, 6(5), 22-6.

The present study were carried out in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, N. D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj Faizabad during rabi season 2015-16 and 2016-17 entitled "Enhancement of yield components and seed quality parameters by growth regulators in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)" The objective of the study was To standardize growth regulators optimization seed germination and vigour potential, with the selection of GA₃, Kinetin and NAA for exploitation of its, maximum grain yield in lentil under the agro-climatic conditions. The 19 treatments of growth regulators and seed priming for lentil variety (NDL-1) was evaluated following 13 quantitative characters viz., Days to 50% flowering, Days to maturity, plant height on 30 and 60 days, number of branch on 30 and 60 days number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight biological yield/plant harvest index (%), seed yield per plant (g), seed germination, seedling length vigour index. The treatment T₃ (GA₃ 150 ppm (priming) was found best in, all the treatments. Maximum number of pods per plant (46.69) and seed yield/plant (2.68 g) was recorded with T₃ (GA₃ 150 ppm (seed priming).

7 tables, 9 ref

018259   Panda K K;Senapati A K;Biswal G;Nayak N (Plant Pathology Dep, College of Agriculture, Orissa Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751 003, Email: p.kakashree11@gmail.com) : Management of seedling blight disease (Macrophomina phaseolina) of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex. - 356 - Hook f.) by using biocontrol agents. J mycopathol Res 2017, 55(1), 109-11.

Gerbera as a flowering crop has vast potential for expansion in Odisha and India as a whole but it's spread is challenged by attack of fungal pathogens causing foot rot, wilt, root rot, blight, and grey mold diseases, among which seedling blight is fairly new to the crop. The disease is caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid which is soil borne and it becomes damaging when the period of hot and dry weather extended. The disease has been managed by chemical application which are uneconomical and not ecofriendly. As an alternative bio-agents have been employed to manage the disease. Bio-efficacy of bioagents on Macrophomina phaseolina study was conducted in vitro by using dual culture method. Among the various bioagents used Pseudomonas fluorescence and Bacillus subtilis were found to be highly effective and exhibited absolute control over the test fungus. Other bioagents such as Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum and Verticillium lecani which could attain 43.83,29.16 and 33.83 per cent inhibition of test fungus respectively were significantly less effective than P. fluorescens and B. subtilis.

1 table, 8 ref

018258   Pallavi B;Shankar K M;Abhiman P B (Aquatic Animal Health Lab, Aquaculture Dep, College of Fisheries, Karnatka Veterinary, Animal and Fishiers Science, Mangalore-575 002, Email: kalkulishankar@gmail.com) : In silico prediction of potential vaccine candidates of Lernaea cyprinacea: An ectoparasite of Indian major carps. Indian J Biotechnol 2016, 15(4), 601-3.

Lernaea cyprinacea is a major ectoparasite resulting in huge losses to the Indian aquaculture industry. Unfortunately, the only effective treatment against Lernaea spp. is the application of pesticides, which is riddled with severe limitations. Thus, immunological protection of fishes against Lernaea spp. infestation is presently the practically sustainable alternative control method. Using transcriptome data, in silico prediction of the candidate protective vaccine antigens of Lernaea was performed using the VaxiJen software. This would help in the design of an effective vaccine against the parasite.

^ssc24 ref

018257   Palagani N;Singh A (Floriculture and Landscape Architecture Dep, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural Univ, Navsari-396 445, Email: dralkasinghdhaka@gmail.com) : Post-harvest quality and physiology of gerbera flowers as influenced by bio-fertilizers, chemicals and organic growth regulators. Res Crop 2017, 18(1), 116-22.

A study was conducted to derive the output from individual and interaction effect of bio-fertilizers and foliar spray of chemicals and organic growth substances on flower quality and post-harvest physiology of gerbera grown under naturally ventilated polyhouse conditions. Bio-fertilizers and foliar spray as individual treatments as well as their interaction were highly significant in influencing the growth, flower quality and post-harvest physiology and vase life of gerbera flowers. Among all the treatment combinations, inoculation with bio-fertilizers along with foliar spray of spermine @ 25 ppm recorded maximum number of leaves per plant (24.53), leaf area index (4.81), yield per m² (343.20) and significantly improved flower quality parameters viz., length of ray floret (4.81 cm), width of ray floret (1.83), girth of neck (6.60 mm) and anthocyanin content in the petal tissue (19.20 mg/g). Further, the same treatment combination significantly influenced post-harvest physiology of gerbera flowers with higher retained flower fresh weight (30.61 and 23.55 g), water uptake (33.47 and 30.53 ml) by the flower and minimum free amino acids (2.33 and 3.90 mg/g) in the petal tissue on 4th and 6th day of vase life as well as extended the post-harvest life of gerbera flowers to 10.25 days which was followed by or at par with the treatment combination of bio-fertilizers along with vermiwash @ 4%. Thus, these treatment combinations of bio-fertilizers along with foliar spray of spermine @ 25 ppm or vermiwash @ 4% improved the post-harvest quality, influenced the post-harvest physiology and thereby enhanced post-harvest life of gerbera flowers.

3 tables, 39 ref

018256   Pagar T A;Akhare A A;Gahukar S J;Khwaja M S (Biotechnology Center, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra) : DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity analysis of chickpea genotypes using SSR, scot and DAMD markers. Int J chem Stud 2017, 5(5), 41-6.

Chickpea is the major leguminous crop in India as it is cheapest source to obtain nutrition. India is world leader in chickpea production by producing 15 times higher yield than second producer. There are many varieties of chickpea which can be improved through breeding programs, for this DNA fingerprinting is an important tool. Also DNA fingerprinting is most prominent method for protection of university and farmers released varieties from biopiracy. DNA fingerprinting includes the analysis by using molecular markers. Three different types of marker systems i.e. SSR, DAMD and SCoT were used in this study to generate fingerprint of selected genotypes. For six chickpea genotypes screening, 78 primers were used. Among them 33 primers were polymorphic and they produced 290 bands. Out of that, 103 bands were polymorphic and the amplicons size ranged from 100bp - 1107bp, by all marker systems across the genotypes. CESSR 42, CESSRDB 54, SSR 22, SSR 60, SSR 63, TA-96, GA-20, ICCM65a, SCoT 11 and URP4R markers effectively discriminate chickpea genotypes by producing unique amplicons. For the genetic diversity analysis dendrogram and similarity matrix was prepared by using software. The genetic similarity was ranged from 0.775 - 0.906 with an average 0.840, which indicates high diversity in genotypes studied. The data of genetic diversity analysis will be very useful for protection of the genotypes.

2 illus, 4 tables, 11 ref

018255   Pachauri A;Sarawgi A K;Bhandarkar S;Ojha G C (Genetics & Plant Breeding Dep, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur-492 012, Email: ojha.gyan@rediffmail.com) : Genetic variability and association study for yield contributing traits of promising core rice gemplasm accessions (Oryza sativa L.). Res Crop 2017, 18(1), 133-8.

The nature and magnitude of genetic divergence and character - 354 - association were estimated in identified 225 core rice germplasm accessions (landraces) received from National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi. A total of 11 quantitative traits were measured at suitable stage of rice germplasm. Core rice germplasm accessions were grouped into 15 clusters. The utmost inter-cluster distance varied from 6.654 to 1.810. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between clusters XIII and VIII (6.653) suggesting maximum variability among them. Cluster I (3.51) showed highest mean value for 100-seed weight. Cluster XV had highest mean value for panicle length (28.65), effective tillers/plant (7.06) and L/B ratio of 3.32. The better genotype can be selected for most of the characters on the basis of mean performance in the clusters. The cluster XV showed highest grain yield/plant and effective tillers/plant (9 tillers/plant). This indicated that these clusters could be utilized in the hybridization programme for obtaining desirable transgressive segregants. The correlation coefficient of grain yield had positive and significant (P<60>0.01) correlation with leaf length (r=0.3443), days to 50% flowering (r=0.557), plant height (r=0.666), panicle length (r=0.3120), number of effective tillers/plant (r=0.3377), plant height (r=0.666) and panicle length (r=0.3120), had positive and significant (P<60>0.01) correlation with leaf width (r=0.2581), leaf length (r=0.4805), days to 50% flowering and plant height, while leaf width had positive (P=0.05) correlation with plant height. The hybridization regarding genotypes belonged to these clusters and correlation was expected to give desirable segregants in rice breeding programmes. On the basis of yield and by considering all desirable traits, germplasm accessions were identified viz., IC 460174X, IC 460313X, IC 460308, IC 860289, IC 115710, IC 1333418, IC 133376, IC 134515 and IC 124377.

1 illus, 4 tables, 18 ref

018254   Oyedokun F O;Oyelana A A (Agricultural Economics and Extension Dep, Fort Hare Univ, Alice, Private Bag X1314, South Africa, Email: 201100592@ufh.ac.za) : Assessing the impact of irrigation scheme on smallholder farming: The case of smallholder maize farming in Eastern Cape of South Africa. J hum Ecol 2017, 57(1-2), 31-7.

The South African government has long been committed to expansion of agricultural production through mechanization and pursued this goal under a series of interventions and reform programs that includes the construction and revitalization of irrigation schemes, subsidization of farm input factors and provision of credit facilities to rural poor farmers, communal and resettlement state land were also encouraged. The objectives of the study were to analyse the socio-economic features of the smallholder maize farmer and further to examine the performance of irrigation schemes located in the former homelands in the Eastern Cape Province. One hundred farmers comprising of thirty (30) homestead gardeners and seventy (70) smallholder irrigators were interviewed using a multistage sampling technique, structured questionnaires were used to collect data on demographic background of these farmers, data on production level, productivity in terms of costs and returns were also collected. Descriptive statistics such as means, percentages, frequency distributions and tables, as well as stochastic frontier model were used in analyzing the objectives. Results from the socio-economic features of the area were discussed with the use of descriptive statistics and were discussed. The Stochastic Frontier Model revealed the significant impact of the program on participating farmers, highlighting the significance of irrigation schemes to these smallholder farmer and other productive factors. While overall production and productivity remain low, triggering a hyperinflationary situation due to supply constraints, practical implications for agribusinesses are not uncommon.

5 table, 10 ref

018253   Ou H P;Xie R L;Huang J S;Zeng Y (NO, Agricultural Resources and Environmental Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China, Email: rulinxie@163.com) : Nutrients uptake and removal characteristics by high-yielding sugarcane grown in Guangxi, China. Res Crop 2017, 18(1), 170-5.

Fertilization starts from the information of nutrition uptake, but the uptake character of high-yielding sugarcane is still not clear. The objective of our research was to define the nutrition uptake and removal of high-yielding sugarcane. Thirty-one fields of sugarcane - 353 - (ROC 22) with cane yield 50% above of average were selected from main producing area in Guangxi, south-west of China, to determine the N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu concentration in dry leaves, green tops, cane and stubble after harvest. The uptake amounts of nutrient above per unit plant parts were also computed. The results showed that 60% and 18.2-27.8% of the total uptake N, P and K accumulated mainly in cane and green tops, respectively. Ca, Mg, S, Mn and B accumulated mainly in cane. More than 50% of the total uptake Cu and Zn were in cane. Fe accumulated mainly both in stubble and cane, where each accounted for approximate 40% of the total uptake. The mean nutrient uptakes per tonne sugarcane produced were: N 1.81 kg, P₂O₅ 0.36 kg, K₂O 2.11 kg, CaO 0.91 kg, MgO 0.42 kg, S 0.50 kg, Fe 37.5 g, Mn 15.5 g, Zn 6.2 g, Cu 2.2 g and B 0.74 g. The uptake ratio of N: P₂O₅: K₂O was 1: 0.20: 1.16. Mean nutrient removal per tonne sugarcane was: N 1.67 kg, P₂O₅ 0.32 kg, K₂O 1.85 kg, CaO 0.58 kg, MgO 0.32 kg, S 0.47 kg, Fe 19.2 g, Mn 11.3 g, Zn 5.0 g, Cu 1.8 g and B 0.51 g.

1 illus, 6 tables, 14 ref

018252   Olufemi F O;Obi A (Agricultural Economics and Extension Dep, Fort Hare Univ, Private Bag X1314, Alice, South Africa, Email: 201307227@ufh.ac.za) : Determinants of commercialisation level among smallholder maize farmers in eastern cape, South Africa: A case study of qamata and tyefu municipality. J hum Ecol 2017, 58(3), 118-25.

The paper sought to analyse the socio-demographic features of the smallholder maize farmers; and to determine the: commercialisation level of the smallholder maize farmers. The study used quantitative research design to collect data. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequency distributions and tables; and the household commercialisation index were used in the analysis. The HCI result showed a low level of commercialisation among farmers, the higher maize yield of smallholder farmers contributed to higher commercialisation level, in addition to higher yield, total revenues and gross margins from maize enterprise, smallholder farmers produce more yields and earn slightly more total revenue. This therefore, implies that smallholder maize farming is lucrative due to its profit-making potentials. Moreover, this is a clear indication that more income and wealth is generated thereby implying that it is strategic and pivotal in improving farmers' livelihoods.

10 tables, 28 ref

018251   Nimbalkar R D;Dokhale P D;Phad D S (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, College of Agriculture, Pune-411 005) : Combining ability studies in okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.). Bioinfolet 2017, 14(3), 309-15.

Combing ability analysis was carried out in 8 x 8 half diallels of okra from F₁ generations for green fruit yield and its components. The estimates of variance components due to general and specific combing ability indicated that both additive as well as non-additive gene effects played an important role in the expression of most of the characters. The ratio of additive to non-additive genetic variance signified the predominant role of non-additive gene action in the expression of all the characters in F₁ generation suggested that exploitation of hybrid vigor could be highly effective. The parents P-8 and Hisar Navin were the best general combiners as they exhibited gca effects in desirable direction for various characters. Phule Utkarsha x Arka Abhay, Hisar Navin x Arka Abhay, HRB-142 x Arka Abhay, Hisar Navin x HRB-142 and Pusa Sawani x Hisar Navin were the most promising hybrids from the overall performance.

4 tables, 10 ref

018250   Nimbalkar R D;Dokhale P D;Phad D S (NO, College of Agriculture, Pune-411 005) : Exploitation of hybrid vigour in okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]. Bioinfolet 2017, 14(3), 295-8.

Twenty eight crosses from 8 x 8 half diallel were studied to assess magnitude of heterosis over better parent and standard check for fruit yield and its component traits in okra. The commercial hybrid Mahyco-10 was used as standard check. An appreciable amount of heterosis was observed for almost all the characters. Significance of mean squares due to genotypes revealed the presence of considerable genetic variability for almost all yield and yield attributes. The heterobeltiosis ranged from-20.18 to 7.04 and useful heterosis ranged from-14.74 to 11.16% for green fruit yield per plant. Four crosses Phule Utkarsha x Arka Abhay, Hisar Navin x Arka Abhay, Hisar Navin x - 352 - HRB-142, HRB 142 x Arka Abhay, and Pusa Sawani xHisar Navin recorded high positive heterosis and high per se performance for green fruit yield per plant. These crosses can be commercially exploited.

3 tables, 6 ref

018249   Nazir K;Yongtong M;Hussain K;Kalhoro M A; Kartika S;Mohsin M (College of Fisheries, Ocean Univ of China, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China, Email: physiologist2004@hotmail.com) : Assessment of fisheries resources in Pakistan and its potential to support marine economy. Indian J Geomar Sci 2016, 45(9), 1181-7.

In this study an effort has been made to assess fisheries resources of Pakistan and determine its economic value. The survival of the fisheries industry of Pakistan lies between the modification and thinking of the people associated with this industry. With adequate production and maximum utilization of fishery resources, Pakistan could be able to achieve a remarkable position in the national and international seafood market which in turns stimulates the nation's economy.

3 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

018248   Nayban G;Mandal A K;De B K (NO, Directorate of Agriculture (Government of West Bengal), Jessop Building, 63 N. S. Road, Kolkata-700 001, Email: nayban.agri@gmail.com) : Seed priming : A low-cost climate-resilient tool for improving germination, growth and productivity of mungbean. SATSA Mukhapatra 2017, 21(Annual Techn, 162-72.

Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is an important nutritious food legume, grown mainly by small and marginal farmers, who do not have sufficient resources to meet the requirement of fine seedbed preparation for sowing and subsequently to adopt appropriate management practices. Even insufficient seedling emergence and inappropriate stand establishment are the main constraints in areas receiving less rainfall or in marginal lands. Seed priming is a simple, inexpensive and highly useful technique for improving plant acclimatization under both biotic and abiotic stresses, and improving germination, growth and productivity of pulses including mungbean. Seed priming may be hydro-priming, osmo-priming, halo-priming, hormonal priming, nutri-priming, bio-priming, etc. Good crop establishment can increase competitiveness against weeds, increase tolerance to drought and improve mungbean productivity. The present paper highlights different aspects and techniques of seed priming with particular reference to mungbean.

57 ref

018247   Narvariya S S;Singh A K;Pankaj Kumar;Singh S K (Horticulture Dep, G. B. Pant Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, U. S. Nagar-263 145, Email: sattuhorti@gmail.com) : Characterization of varieties and new accessions of mango using physico-chemical quantitative traits. Res Crop 2017, 18(1), 81-6.

An experiment was conducted to characterize the physico-chemical quantitative traits of different varieties and new accessions of mango for characterization during the years 2014 and 2016 at GBPUA & T, Pantnagar under tarai region of Uttarakhand. The 40 mango varieties including new accessions were selected for the experimentation. The trial was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications. The results indicated that significantly wide variations were observed among the mango varieties with respect to different physico-chemical quantitative traits of fruits. The fruit weight, length, width, pulp weight and pulp: stone ratio varied from 20.07 to 420.65 g, 3.48 to 13.28 cm, 2.81 to 8.70 cm, 13.15 to 351.64 g and 2.50 to 10.33, respectively. The higher fruit weight (420.65 g), pulp weight (351.64 g) and pulp: stone ratio (10.33) were observed in Mallika, while, maximum length of fruit was recorded in Bangalora (13.28 cm) and width (8.70 cm) in Neelgoa. However, stone weight, length and width ranged from 5.34 to 64.90 g, 2.87 to 10.64 cm and 1.92 to 5.48 cm, respectively. However, the minimum stone weight (5.34 g), stone length (2.87 cm) and width (1.92 cm) were found in Angoor Lata. The TSS, total sugar, non-reducing sugar and total carotenoids varied from 12.06 to 22.32°B, 11.36 to 20.69%, 8.32 to 14.62% and 1.78 to 9.23 mg/100 g, respectively. The higher TSS (22.32°B), total sugar (20.69%), non-reducing sugar (14.62%) and total carotenoid (9.23 mg/100 g) were recorded - 351 - in Amrapali. The lower acidity (0.05%) was observed in Himsagar. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Mallika and Amrapali varieties of mango have excelled in terms of physical & chemical quantitative traits, respectively. Thus, these can be used for commercial cultivation as well as for further use in breeding programme for quality improvement of mango.

2 tables, 14 ref

018246   Nandi A;Das S;Swain S;Senapati N;Sarkar S; Dash S K;Patanaik A (All India Cooordinated Research Project on Vegetable Crops, Orissa Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751 003, Email: swarnalata1967@rediffmail.com) : Off-season performance evaluation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum l.) genotypes in coastal plain zone of Odisha. Int J Agric Envir Biotechnol 2017, 10(1), 63-71.

Tomato grown during the rainy season fetches a premium price. But high temperature, rainfall and humidity hinder the success of rainy season tomato crop in coastal plain zone of Odisha. Therefore, a preliminary evaluation was done to predict the performance of twenty five advanced breeding lines along with five state released and two national tomato varieties during off-season in order to identify promising genotypes. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with two replications during the year 2012-13. Overall performances of the genotypes in respect of growth characters and fruit characters were expressed in terms of growth index (GI) and fruit index (FI) and selection was done following metroglyph analysis. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the genotypes for plant height, number of branches/plant, plant girth, fruit girth, fruit weight, total soluble solids, bacterial wilt incidence (%) and fruit yield except fruit length. From the results of preliminary evaluation it could be suggested that the advanced breeding lines BT 18, BT 101, BT 106, BT 213, BT 317 and BT 433-3-2 are the elite genotypes for off-season cultivation in coastal plain zone of Odisha.

2 illus, 4 tables, 20 ref

018245   Mukherjee S K;Bhattacharyya P;Islam S;Das S; Pal S;Parui J;Tarafdar A;Senapati B;Pathak P;Garai T K (NO, Rice Research Station (Government of West Bengal), Chinsurah (R.S.), Hooghly-712 102, Email: msusanta42@gmail.com) : Self-reliant agricultural (Swanivar krishi) models for small and marginal farmers of West Bengal : Towards profit maximization and organic soil management. SATSA Mukhapatra 2017, 21(Annual Techn, 154-61.

An "on-farm" research project has been initiated under "Innovative Activities" of Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) in the farmer's fields at Moraghata village; Ichhapur Mouza of Balagarh Block, Hooghly, West Bengal to identify appropriate models for self-reliance in agriculture (Swanivar Krishi). The models involving usage of vermicompost or bio-slurry are found to exhibit higher rice productivity than the models using 75% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) plus vermicompost @ 1.0 t acre^-1 or 100% RDF applied through chemical fertilizers. Moreover, growing year round green fodder in one bigha (1333.3 sqm.) land and feeding the same to two cows replacing concentrate procurement and integrating the cows to the rice production system through production of biogas slurry and vermicompost can enhance farmer's profit (unit area)^-1 (unit time)^-1 by 1.83- to 2.16-fold over using chemical fertilizers alone in rice production system without any livestock component. Again, rearing two cows with self-produced green fodder, and growing rice with self-produced vermicompost, can increase the profit margin by 1.4-fold over the production system that excludes green fodder production and includes procurement of concentrate for livestock feeding. Therefore, producing biogas slurry or vermicompost for crop production with waste of cows, maintained by round the year green fodder supply from the production system itself, would be more profitable, economically viable and ecologically sustainable.

2 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

018244   Monika;Priyanka;Leela wati (Microbiology Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: monikabarkodia90@gmail.com) : Screening of rhizobial isolates from Vigna radiata for plant growth promoting traits. Res Crop 2017, 18(1), 190-5.

In present study, native rhizobia isolated from root nodules of Vigna radiata grown in CCSHAU farm were evaluated for various plant growth promoting traits. A total of 65 isolates were retrieved and screened for plant growth promoting traits. The strain MRH 12 showed high IAA production, MRH 1 and MRH 12 showed the highest solubilization of phosphate and HCN production among others. MRH 1 and MRH 12 also showed tolerance to high temperature (45°C) and salt concentration (5%), which may be effective in soil with high salinity. The IAA, HCN production and phosphate solubilization shown by these isolates make them suitable for further trials.

5 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

018243   Mondal R;Thapa U;Subba S K;Gurung D (Vegetable Crops Dep, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252, Email: revamondal1@gmail.com) : Optimisation of nitrogen level and cutting interval for growth and yield of Ipomoea reptans. Int J Agric Envir Biotechnol 2017, 10(1), 25-9.

A field experiment was carried out during summer season of 2015 at Horticultural Research Station, Mondouri, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal to optimise different levels of nitrogen level and cutting intervals for growth and yield of Ipomoea reptans. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with four levels of nitrogen doses (i.e. 60, 80, 100, 120 kg/ha) with two cutting treatments at 20 days and 30 days intervals and four replications. Result revealed that growth and yield parameters increases with the increase dose of nitrogen and cutting frequencies. Maximum plant height of 47.87 cm obtained under 120 kg/ha nitrogen with 30 days of cutting condition. Highest weight - 349 - of leaves and weight of stems per plant were recorded 116 g and 56.13g, respectively under 120 kg/ha nitrogen application with 30 days of cutting interval. The highest total green yield (52.46 ton/ha) was obtained at 120 kg/ha nitrogen application 20 days of cutting. It was found that 11.15% more yield has been obtained that the yield of 30 days of cutting. It has been noticed green yield per hectare has been increased from first cutting to second cutting whereas after second cutting the yield declined which concludes cutting management was beneficial for improving yield and yield attributing characters.

2 tables, 21 ref

018242   Mondal B;Debbarma P (Plant Protection Dep, Palli-Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan-731 236, Email: bholanath.ppvb@gmail.com) : Management of collar rot disease of potato caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. through plaster of paris. J mycopathol Res 2017, 55(1), 31-6.

Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is a soil borne fungal pathogen infects more than 500 species of plants in about 100 families. Management of this pathogen is much difficult because of its wide host range and soil borne in nature. An experiment was conducted to manage collar rot in potato using plaster of paris (CaSO4.1/2 H₂O) and microbes. Effect of plaster of paris (@ 2.5g/infected collar region of plant) on two different growth stages (mycelial stage and sclerotial stage) of S. rolfsii isolated from infected potato plant was determined. Plaster of paris was applied - 348 - directly as powder form over the infected area and adverse effect on the fungus was recorded. The whitish mycelial growth of the fungus from collar region of all the treated plants was found to disappear. Further formation of sclerotia was stopped. The existing sclerotia became deformed and dried. The sclerotia and small bits of treated infected plant tissue when transferred to PDA medium no mycelial growth and sclerotial germination was observed. Whereas, from the untreated infected plants, growth of thick whitish fan-shaped mycelial growth was observed with huge numbers of sclerotia. A field experiment was also conducted using four biological agents (Pseudomonas fluorescens (Flugge) Migula, Trichoderma viride Pers., Azotobacter chroococcum, Glomus fasciculatum (Thaxt.) Gerd. and Trappe emend. C. Walker and Koske), two organic amendments (vermicompost and neem cake enriched with neem oil), and one building material (plaster of paris) for managing the disease at Benuria under Red and Lateritic Agroclimatic Zone of West Bengal during 2014-15. Randomized Block Design was adopted with three replications. The treatments, vermicompost @ 6kg/ plot i.e. 5.5t/ha, neem cake enriched with neem oil @ 2.2kg/plot i.e. 2t/ha,Pseudomonas fluorescens @ lOg/plant, Trichoderma viride @ 10g/plant, Azotobacter chroococcum @10g/plant, Glomus fasciculatum c 10g/plant were applied directly once in the field just before planting. The plaster of paris @ 2.5g/plant was dusted twice at the collar region of plant at fifteen days interval starting from 15 days after planting. Severity of the disease recorded highest in control plots (8.95 and 19.88%) followed by Glomus fasciculatum (4.92 and 8.11%), neem cake (4.55 and 5.51%) and Trichoderma viride (2.50 and 4.74%) treated plots while lowest disease severity recorded in plaster of paris (0.70 and 2.65%) followed by vermicompost (1.05 and 3.80%),Pseudomonas fluorescens (1.41 and 4.30%) and Azotobacter chroococcum (1.38 and 4.20%) treated plots at 60 and 75 days after planting, respectively. The per cent disease control (PDC) at 75 days after planting was highest in plaster of paris (90.24%) followed by vermicompost (85.82%), Azotobacter chroococcum (83.73%) and Pseudomonas fluorescens(83.38%) treated plots. Trichoderma viride (73.96%) revealed better than Neem cake (62.33%) and Glomus fasciculatum (52.21). No phytotoxicity has been developed on host plants for the application of plaster of paris. These effective treatments can be incorporated in Integrated Disease Management Programme for sustainability.

5 tables, 12 ref

018241   Mohanakumara V;Biradar N;Mulla J;Potdar M (Agricultural Extension Education Dep, UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka, Email: nagaratna123@gmail.com) : Analysis of farmers' information needs on fodder production. J hum Ecol 2017, 58(3), 162-8.

Fodder situation in India is extremely precarious and gap between its demand and availability is very wide. However, fodder production is profitable to livestock farmers. A study was therefore conducted to know fodder shortage experienced by livestock farmers, fanner's information source consultancy pattern and analyse their information needs on fodder crops cultivation in Karnataka covering under 4 agro-climatic zones, 4 districts, 4 taluks, 12 villages and 120 farmers' selected using stratified random sampling. The mean green fodder deficiency was comparatively more in hilly zone followed by coastal zone, northern transition zone and northern dry zone. Progressive farmers/farmer's friends from own or neighbouring villages were consulted very often by the respondents to seek information. Information need on 'Green fodder production throughout the year' was ranked first by the farmers of all the zones. Extension functionaries of these zones should educate fanners on methods to produce green fodder throughout the year.

5 tables, 13 ref

018240   Mohammad S;Marker S (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, SHUATS, Naini, Utter Pradesh) : Multivariate analysis for selection of elite parents in breeding programme in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(5), 36-8.

Genetic divergence was studied among 23 okra genotypes using Mahalanobis D² analysis. Analysis of variances indicated significant differences among the genotypes and they were grouped into five clusters. The cluster I consist of seven genotypes, whereas cluster II contain two genotypes, cluster III contain nine genotypes, cluster IV consist of four genotypes and cluster V consist of single genotype respectively. Highest inter cluster distance observed between clusters II and cluster V, while cluster II shown maximum intra cluster distance. Character YVMV infestation on plants (38.74%) towards genetic divergence followed by number of seeds per fruit (22.13%). The mean value of different clusters, genotypes having high yield and attributing traits were observed in cluster V having a genotype namely 2012/OKYVRES-5. Cluster I shown lowest mean values for maximum characters.

3 tables, 11 ref

018239   Mishra S P;Mishra C;Sahoo S S (Animal Genetics and Breeding Dep, WBUAFS, Kolkata, West Bengal) : Crossbreeding experiments in India - lessons to learn and voyage to future. Pharma Innovation 2017, 6(10), 32-5.

Crossbreeding in India was started during colonial era by East India Company and European missionaries. Military Farms were the first to start systematic crossbreeding work in India. After independence, ICAR has launched several crossbreeding programmes in cattle, sheep and goats with the aim to meet out ever growing demand of livestock products. Every state has its own cross breeding policy which is agro climatic and breed specific. Crossbreeding of non-descript animals with exotic germplasm has although resulted in increase in production and reproduction potential, but, indiscriminate crossbreeding resulted in breed dilution of valuable indigenous livestock in their native breeding tract. Along with these, crossbreds are poor to adapt harsh climate, susceptible to tropical diseases and require constant input of good managemental conditions compared to our indigenous livestock genetic resources which are far superior in these aspects. So, even though crossbreeding had initial success but it is necessary to evaluate - 347 - crossbred animals on large scale basis.

1 illus, 4 tables, 11 ref

018238   Masuku M;Selepe M;Ngcobo N (Anthropology and Development Studies and Consumer Sciences, Zululand Univ, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa, 3886 South Africa, Email: masukum@unizulu.ac.za) : Small scale agriculture in enhancing household food security in rural areas. J hum Ecol 2017, 58(3), 153-61.

Agriculture has a significant role in contributing to rural economic growth and ensuring food security. However, the agricultural sector has been exposed to challenges such as climate change and scarcity of resources that affect production. In spite of agricultural challenges, South Africa is still food self-sufficient nationally, except at household level. The study sets out to determine the effects of agriculture on household food security in rural areas. A survey was conducted in uThungulu District Municipality within six local municipalities using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Crop and livestock farming are recognised as the strategies to alleviate food insecurity. Agricultural policies need to be prioritised. Monitory and evaluation tools must be developed to track whether these policies reflect the needs of rural populace. The Government should become the custodian of land and develop programmes that will enable rural people to access land to promote agriculture for improvement of food security.

1 illus, 2 tables, 48 ref

018237   Mary Queen Soundaram M;Martin P M;Thilak J (Zoology Research Dep, Government Arts College of Men (Autonomous), Nandanam, Chennai-600 035) : Study on a small collection of pisces from Retteri lake in Madhavaram, Tamil Nadu. Int J Fish aqua Stud 2017, 5(5), 7-12.

The present paper deals with a small of collection of 16 species of fishes belonging to 6 orders, 10 families 13 genera from Retteri Lake. The Family Cyprinidae represents the dominant one with five representative species.

6 illus, 14 ref

018236   Mansur M A;Chakraborty S C;Shafiul Azam A K M;Fazlur Rahaman A K M;Rahman S (Fisheries Technology Dep, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural Univ, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh, Email: mansurft63@gmail.com) : 708y]i9h-p/i-evaluation of quality and safety aspect of chilled prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) during storage at -20°C. Indian J Geomar Sci 2016, 45(9), 1188-94.

Quality and safety aspect of chilled prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and changes there of during storage at -20°C for 12 weeks was studied in a series of laboratory experiments. Quality was evaluated by examining organoleptic characteristics and biochemical composition. Safety aspect was evaluated by the detection of heavy metal (Cd, Cu), quantitative bacteriological analysis. Sensory quality evaluation showed that prawn remained in acceptable condition until 8 weeks of storage at -20°C. Protein content of chilled prawn was 33.11% and after 8 weeks of storage at -20°C it decreased to 25.41%. Moisture content of chilled prawn was 61.8% which was increased to 70.52% at 8 weeks of storage. Lipid content of chilled prawn was 2.27% and after 8 weeks of storage at -20°C lipid content was 1.52%. Ash content of chilled prawn was 2.13% which was decreased to 1.43% after 8 weeks of storage at -20°C. Heavy metal Cd and Cu concentration was 0.017 μg/g and 0.051 μg/g respectively and was within the consumable limit of World Health Organisation. TVBN of chilled prawn was 20.90 mg/100g which was increased to 26.32 mg/100g after 8 weeks of storage at -20°C. APC of chilled prawn was 4.32 x 10⁵ cfu/g which changed to 6.73 x 10³ - 346 - cfu/g after 8 weeks of storage at -20°C. The present study revealed that the ice chilled prawn remain in acceptable condition for 8 weeks of storage at -20°C.

6 tables, 33 ref

018235   Manjri;Singh O;Gupta S D;Singh A;Singh A K (Crop Physiology Dep, Narendra Deva Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Importance of antioxidants enzymes in the survival of rice seedlings after desubmergence. Int J chem Stud 2017, 5(5), 20-2.

The influence of submergence on Survival and antioxidant capacities in four rice genotypes Swarna-Sub1, NDR8610-2, Lalkadhan and Sambha were evaluated under control, simulated complete submergence and subsequent re-aeration. Maximum SOD and Peroxidase activity were recorded in NDR 8610-2 with highest survival percent after desubmergence over control. The result indicated that survival percent is associated with antioxidative enzymes.

3 illus, 16 ref

018234   Malshe K V;Sagavekar V V;Chavan A P (NO, Mango Research Sub-Centre, Rameshwar, Tal. Degoad, Dist. Sindhudurg) : Effect of mulching on growth and flower yield of african marigold (Tegetes erecta L.). Bioinfolet 2017, 14(3), 233-4.

A field experiment was undertaken at Agricultural School, Lanja during rabi season of 2013-14 to study the effect mulching on growth, flowering and flower yield of African Marigold (Tegetes erecta L.). The treatments involved seven types of mulches viz; no mulch or Control, glyricidia leaves, paddy straw, hay, transparent polythene paper, black polythene paper and pink polythene paper. The results indicated that there was significant effect of mulching on growth, flower size and yield of African Marigold over control. Maximum plant height, number of branches per plant, flower diameter, flower stalk length, number of flowers per plant and flower yield (per plant and per yield) were recorded due to the mulching with black polythene, followed by pink and transparent polythene papers. The mulching with glyricidia leaves, paddy straw and hay were less effective than polythene mulch but superior over control.

1 table, 3 ref

018233   Mali S;Santra G H (Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Dep, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha) : Influence of low grade rock phosphate alone and in combination with SSP on yield and nutrient uptake of maize-groundnut cropping sequence in alfisols. Int J chem Stud 2017, 5(5), 23-6.

A field experiment was conducted with maize-groundnut cropping sequence. Rock phosphate and its combination with Single super phosphate (SSP) were used as nutrient sources during Rabi 2016-17 (maize taken up in Kharif 2016). The study was carried out in the Central Farm, OUAT with the help of a field experiment laid out in Randomized Block Design with seven treatment T₁ Control, T₂ 100% P(RP),T₃ 100% P(SSP), T₄ 75% P(RP) + 25% P(SSP), T5 50% P(RP) + 50% P(SSP), T₆ 25% P(RP) + 75% P(SSP) and T₇ 100% P(SSP) + Lime @ 0.2 Lime requirement (LR) and replicated in thrice. The soil of the experimental field was loamy acidic (pH 5.2) having Bray's P of 15.68 kg ha^-1. The different combinations with single super phosphate (SSP) were evaluated for their effectiveness in the cropping system. In addition to P applied @50kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 and 40 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 to maize and groundnut crops respectively from various sources, N was added @ 150kg ha^-1 to maize and 20 kg ha^-1 to groundnut crop in the form of urea and K @50 and 40 kg K₂O ha^-1 was added to maize and groundnut crop in the form of murate of potash (MOP). Highest maize grain yield (5.03 t ha^-1) was produced due to addition of 100%P (SSP) +Lime @0.2LR and highest pod yield (2.77 t ha^-1) of groundnut was also due to 100%P (SSP)+Lime@0.2LR. Yield due to single super phosphate (SSP) and lime applied in combination was more than lone application of single super phosphate (SSP). Lone sources of rock phosphate (RP) was better in respect of pod yield of groundnut than lone sources of single super phosphate (SSP). All the combination of Rock phosphate and soluble source single super phosphate was produced better yield than lone source of single super phosphate except treatment received 25%P (RP) +75%P (SSP). The treatment 100%P (SSP) +Lime @0.2LR also recorded the highest uptake of nutrients like P, S, Ca and K.

3 tables, 13 ref

018232   Mahender Kumar R;et al. (NO, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar-500 030, Email: kumarrm213@gmail.com) : Agronomic manipulations for climate-resilient rice production in India. SATSA Mukhapatra 2017, 21(Annual Techn, 103-18.

Grain yield of rice can decline to the extent of 10% for each 1°C increase in growing season minimum temperature above 32°C, which leads to severe water shortage due to climate change, causing about 20% net decline in rice yield in India. Several experiments were conducted in rice to reduce water requirement and enhance nutrient use efficiency, in turn mitigating the effect of climate change under All India Co-ordinated Rice Improvement Programme (AICRIP) and at ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. Nitrogen-efficient rice cultivars, fertilizer scheduling using different means, improved water management techniques and crop establishment methods were developed towards mitigation and adaptation of changing climate scenario. Results across 19 locations under AICRIP revealed that site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) through Nutrient Expert" would be able to enhance grain yield and nutrient use efficiency over recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF). Leaf colour chart (LCC)-based N application in irrigated rice indicated grain yield increments by 8.47, 6.28 and 4.76% in LCC, soil test crop response (STCR) and recommended dose of N (RDN: 75% inorganic and 25% organic)-based management practices, compared with RDN (100% - 344 - inorganic), respectively. The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) recorded 16-23% higher grain yield with 18-32% water saving, compared with normal transplanting. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and saturation could record water saving by 33.0 and 19.6% in kharif and 36.3 and 31.2% in rabi, respectively, compared with continuous submergence. Irrigating rice field at 5-day interval reduced seasonal methane (CH₄) emission by 54 and 68%, compared with continuously submergence, without any yield decline (5.14 and 5.82 t ha^-1) during kharif and rabi, respectively. However, there is a need to adopt suitable management as well as better crop establishment methods coupled with proper water management practices to mitigate the adverse effect of changing climate and to enhance water productivity as well as total factor productivity.

3 illus, 4 tables, 44 ref

018231   Leonte C;Arsene M C (NO, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Univ of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary, no.-3, Iasi 700490, Romania, Email: arsenemadalina83@gmail.com) : Assessment of genetic diversity of some Brassica napus L. cultivars revealed by molecular markers and phenotypic evaluation. Indian J Biotechnol 2016, 15(4), 568-75.

The genetic diversity of 50 oilseed rape cultivars was studied using phenotypic evaluation and molecular markers. For the phenotypic evaluation, seven morphological traits were analysed. Euclidian distances among mean values of the obtained data, after the morphological evaluation of genotypes, were used to form a matrix for the construction of a dendrogram. For the molecular studies, RAPD and SSR markers were employed. In the RAPD analysis, 20 decamer primers were used, which gave 301 fragments, where 215 were polymorphic. The SSR analysis used 55 primers, which gave 123 polymorphic fragments. In order to determine the genetic diversity between the oilseed rape cultivars, both RAPD and SSR data were used. With this data, genetic similarity (GS) was estimated, which led to generate two similarity matrices. These two matrices were correlated using the Mantel test and the final matrice was used to design an UPGMA dendrogram using cluster analysis. Among the studied cultivars, significant genetic variability was obtained both at the morphological and molecular level. The obtained dendrogram for the morphological traits and for the RAPD and SSR results were compared. In both the cases, the genotypes were grouped after the geographical origin.

2 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

018230   Laxman Rao P;Jayasree G;Pratibha G;Ram Prakash T (Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Dep, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural Univ, Hyderabad, Telangana) : Impact of soil amendments on greenhouse gas emissions in maize (Zea mays L.). Int J chem Stud 2017, 5(5), 1-6.

A field experiment was carried out at College Farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, PJTSAU, Hyderabad, Telangana state, to evaluate the impact of different soil amendments on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in maize crop. CO₂, N₂O and CH₄ fluxes from the soil surface were measured thrice a week during the crop growing season using static flux chambers and GC gas analyzer. Adjustments in sampling dates and frequency were made to include specific events such as rainfall, irrigation, temperature, N application or tillage. The application of vermicompost, tanksilt, (Farm Yard Manure) FYM, RDF (Recommended Dose of Fertilizers) and biochar decreased the cumulative CO₂ emission (126.3, 124.4, 121.6, 111.13 and 109.18 kg CO₂-C ha^-1) respectively compared to the control (134.12 kg CO₂-C ha^-1). The cumulative CH₄ emission was recorded in the order of vermicompost <62> control <62> biochar <62> RDF <62> tanksilt <62> FYM. The application of RDF, tanksilt, FYM, vermicompost and biochar increased the cumulative nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission (1.58, 0.97, 0.78, 0.67 and 0.38 kg ha^-1) respectively compared to the control (0.037 kg ha^-1). The application of RDF, tanksilt, FYM, vermicompost and biochar increased the N₂O emission factor - 343 - (0.775, 0.41, 0.28, 0.243 and 0.127%) respectively. Highest global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) was observed in the RDF applied plots. Lowest GWP and GHGI being observed in the control and biochar applied plots respectively.

6 tables, 27 ref

018229   Lalbabu Kumar;Chakravarty S;Agnihotri M; Karnatak A K (Entomology Dep, G. B. Pant Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, Email: lalbabuagri@gmail.com) : Efficacy of some plant oils against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) infesting greengram under storage conditions. Res Crop 2017, 18(1), 157-63.

The pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) is the major and most destructive insect-pest of greengram seeds under storage conditions. Nine different plant based essential oils were thus evaluated for their deterrent effect on oviposition, adult emergence and seed damage caused by C. chinensis in greengram. Though all the treatments showed significantly lower number of eggs laid, adult emergence and seed damage as compared to untreated control but neem oil @ 2.5 ml/kg seeds was found to be most effective against C. chinensis. During the course of the study, it was also found that none of the treatments had apparently reduced seed germination even after four months of storage, hence, these botanicals can be used as safer alternatives to chemical insecticides for long term storage of greengram seeds.

1 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

018228   Kumar G;Maharshi A;Patel J;Mukherjee A;Singh H B;Sarma B K (Mycology and Plant Pathology Dep, Institute fo Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005, Email: birinchi_ks@yahoo.com) : Trichoderma : A potential fungal antagonist to control plant diseases. SATSA Mukhapatra 2017, 21(Annual Techn, 206-18.

Trichoderma species are free-living fungi that are common in soil and root ecosystems. They are highly interactive in root, soil and foliar environments, and produce a variety of compounds that induce localized and systemic resistance responses in plants. Trichoderma have long been recognized as biocontrol agents for the control of plant diseases and for their ability to enhance root growth and development, crop productivity, resistance to abiotic stresses, and uptake and use of nutrients. However, adoption rate of biopesticides is very slow, compared to synthetic chemicals. Among different biopesticides, Trichoderma is most important, having many success stories. A number of successful products based on different species of Trichoderma have been commercialized in India. Trichoderma isolates are formulated using different organic and inorganic bearers either through solid or liquid fermentation technologies. They are used for seed treatment, seed bio-priming, seedling dip, soil application and foliar spray. For the management of plant diseases, - 342 - application of Trichoderma formulations with strain mixtures performs better than individual strains. Commercialization of biopesticide products is primarily hindered due to poor shelf life. Whatever limitations Trichoderma biopesticide products may have, it can be addressed by improving biocontrol through manipulation of environment, accurate strain identification by molecular approach, using consortium of beneficial organisms, physiological and genetic enhancement of biocontrol mechanisms. Many small and large entrepreneurs have entered into the commercial production of biocontrol agents, resulting into the entry of various bio-control products into the global market.

2 tables, 68 ref

018227   Kohli K;Rajesh Kumar;Ankit Kumar;Pratibha; Dubey M C (Horticulture Dep, G. B. Pant Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, Email: karishmakohli1991@gmail.com) : Effect of pruning height and planting distance on fruit quality of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. pant prabhat. Res Crop 2017, 18(1), 72-80.

The present investigation was carried out at Horticultural Research Centre, Patherchatta and Department of Horticulture, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand, India during the year 2015. The two factors consisted of pruning height-control 2.0 m standard height unpruned trees (P₀), 1.0 m (P₁), 1.25 m (P₂) and 1.5 m (P₃) from the ground level and planting distance 1.0 x 1.0 m (D₁), 2.0 x 1.0 m (D₂), 2.0 x 1.5 (D₃) and 1.5 x 1.5 m (D₄) having 16 treatment combinations and each replicated four times. The main aim of the present study was to find out the suitable planting distance and effect of pruning height with their interaction effect for better quality guava fruits. Except seed hardness and acidity, the quality parameters like fruit length, diameter, weight, volume, specific gravity, weight of 100 seeds, TSS, TSS: acid ratio, total sugars and ascorbic acid were found maximum in 1.5 m pruning height from the ground level with 2.0 x 1.5 m planting distance. Overall, pruning height 1.5 m and wider spacing of 2.0 x 1.5 m may be adopted by the guava growers for getting better growth and productivity.

2 tables, 17 ref

018226   Kim Y H;Jang S J;Yun Y B;Kim S S;Kuk Y I (Oriental Medicine Resources Dep, Sunchon National Univ, Suncheon 540-742, Republic of Korea, Email: yikuk@sunchon.ac.kr) : Effect of ethanol and glycerol on suppression rates of various crop pathogens. Res Crop 2017, 18(1), 164-9.

This study was conducted to determine suppression rates on various crop pathogens in response to ethanol and glycerol. Pyricularia oryzae, Phytophthora capsici, Colletotrichum acutatum, Rhizoctonia solani and Botrytis cinera were completely controlled by ethanol at 5 or 10%. The suppression rates of the above five pathogens by commercial alcohol (Soju) at 5% were similar to results of high purity ethanol at 5%. Suppression rates of P. oryzae by glycerol at 5 and 10% showed 43 and 73%, respectively, compared with untreated control. Suppression rates of P. oryzae by ethanol at 5%+glycerol at 3% or ethanol at 5%+glycerol at 5% showed over 90%. Rice injury due to P. oryzae infection was reduced (45-80%) by ethanol at 3, 5, and 10%, glycerol at 3%, or ethanol at 5%+ glycerol at 3%, respectively, compared with untreated control at 20 days after treatment. Symptom reduction rates - 341 - of powdery mildew in cucumber plants showed 73% by glycerol at 3% and 68% by ethanol at 5% + glycerol at 3% compared with untreated control, but not by ethanol treatments. Leaf injuries, reduction of plant height and shoot fresh weight in squash, cucumber, tomato, red pepper, watermelon, and rice plants did not appear in ethanol and glycerol treatments at 3, 5, 10, and 20%. Thus, ethanol and glycerol can be used in organic crop cultivation because they showed higher controlling effect on rice blast and powdery mildew without inhibition of crop growth.

4 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

018225   Khadtare S V;Takate A S;Rajguru A B (National Agricultural Research Project, Zonal Agricultural Research Station (MPKV), 'Krishak Bhavan', Solapur-413 001, Email: khadtareagronomy@gmail.com) : Comparative evaluation of pigeonpea (Cajanus canjan L.) under different planting techniques ini dryland conditions of Maharashtra. Res Crop 2017, 18(1), 35-41.

In the scarcity zone of Maharashtra, monsoon is characterized by its uncertain and erratic nature. The agriculture in this region is often influenced by onset, amount of rainfall and intermittent dry spells. Sowing of pigeonpea in this region is mostly affected due to moisture scarcity because of late onset and influenced inversely due to moisture stress at later stages and subsequently fails to produce economic yield. A four-year field investigation on different planting techniques viz., drilling, dibbling and transplanting in four varieties of pigeonpea was conducted in factorial randomized block design at the Dry Farming Research Station, Solapur (Maharashtra) during rainy seasons of 2010-11 to 2013-14. Significantly higher seed and biological yield was recorded under transplanting method. Pigeonpea sown by transplanting method attained 50% flowering 11-15 days earlier than other methods under consideration. Significantly highest 100-seed weight (9.79 g), more number of pods/plant (113.8) and pod weight/plant (37.4 g) were noticed under transplanting. Higher consumptive use of moisture (326 mm), moisture use efficiency (2.97 kg/ha-mm) and stage-wise relative leaf water content were recorded under this method. Highest gross returns (Rs. 46464/ha) were obtained from transplanting method. Among the different varieties under investigation, cv. Vipula found better in respect of yield and yield attributes, CUM, MUE and moisture extraction. Economically, Vipula sown by transplanting method was best suited for moisture scarcity areas of Maharashtra.

5 tables, 23 ref

018224   Kavitha P G;Jonathan E I;Ahiladevi P (Tree Breeding Dep, Forest College and Research Institute, Mettupalayam-641 305, Email: ahila.devi1@gmail.com) : Trichoderma viride- a powerful tool for managing root knot nematode in Noni. J mycopathol Res 2017, 55(1), 85-91.

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are the most economically damaging species of plant-parasitic nematodes on horticultural and field crops. The fungal biocontrol agent Trichoderma viride was evaluated for its potential to control the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infesting noni, Morinda citrifolia. Pot and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects T. viride and experimental results revealed that plants treated with T. viride reduced nematode infestation and increased the plant growth parameters and in terms of soil nematode population. Trichoderma showed the ability to colonize M. incognita eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) collected from the in vitro assays. Trichoderma colonized eggs observed under scanning electron microscope showed attachment, complete colonization and penetration of conidia into the nematode eggs. Direct parasitic interactions between the fungus and - 340 - the nematode revealed that T. viride was able to penetrate and colonize the eggs. The concentrated soil extracts from Trichoderma treated soils immobilized the infective J2. It is suggested that improved mycoparasitic activity of the antagonist may be important for the biological control of the nematodes.

2 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref

018223   Katiyar N K;Mishra U S;Virendra Kumar;Anil Kumar;Raizada S;Pathak R K;Pandey S B (Natural Resource Management Dep, Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalalya, Chitrakoot, Satna-485 334, Email: nirmalkatiyar83@gmail.com) : Response of zinc, boron and molybdenum on growth, yield attributes and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under rainfed conditions. Res Crop 2017, 18(1), 29-34.

Studies on the effect of zinc (Zn), boron (B) and molybdenum (Mo) on yield attributes and yield of chickpea under rainfed conditions were conducted during the rabi seasons of 2012-13 and 2013-14 at the university farm of M. G. C. G. V. V., Chitrakoot, Satna, M. P., India. Awarodhi variety of chickpea was tested with three levels of each Zn (0, 2.5 and 5.0 kg/ha) and B (0, 1 and 2 kg/ha) and two levels of Mo (0 and 400 g/ha). The highest values of yield attributes viz., plant height, number of branches/plant, number of nodules/plant, nodule dry weight (mg)/plant, number of pods/plant, number of grains/pod and test weight were recorded at Zn @ 5.0 kg/ha, B @ 2.0 kg/ha and Mo @ 400 g/ha. The highest yields of grain and stover were also observed at the above same levels of Zn, B and Mo. The response on yield attributes and yield was statistically significant with the application of Zn @ 5.0 kg/ha, B @ 2.0 kg/ha and Mo @ 400 g/ha over its lower doses. The grain yield was increased by 14.5, 7.2 and 4.8% due to the use of Zn @ 5.0 kg/ha, B @ 2.0 kg/ha and Mo @ 400 g/ha, respectively, over their respective control.

3 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

018222   Kadam A M;Dhutraj D N;Hingole D G (Plant Pathology Dep, College of agriculture, Badnapur, Dist Jalna-431 202) : Studies on dry root rot of chickpea and the host Rhizoctonia bataticola in marathwada region. Bioinfolet 2017, 14(3), 235-8.

The average incidence of - 339 - chickpea dry root rot disease caused by Rhizoctonia bataticola in Marathwada was 16.12%. Maximum disease incidence was observed in Latur (23.00%), followed by Jalna (21.68%), Parbhani (17.79%), Beed (15.64%) and Nanded (14.90%), while minimum incidence was recorded in Aurangabad (10.20%) district. Furthermore maximum disease incidence (18.76%) was reported on cultivar Digvijay, while lowest (14.70%) on cultivar Vijay. When the pathogen was cultivated on Potato dextrose agar and hosts extract agar media, the resulting colony diameter was 9.00 cm, followed by that on Souround's agar (8.8cm) and Richard's agar (8.4cm) media. Potato dextrose agar and host extract agar recorded abundant sporulation.

4 tables, 9 ref

018221   Jumin H B;Yandra R;Gultom H (Agro-technology Dep, Riau Indonesia Islamic Univ, Jl. Kaharuddin Nasution no. 113 Pekanbaru 28284, Indonesia, Email: hbjumin@gmail.com) : Genetic performance of four soybean varieties growing on the land polluted by fly ash sludge. Pollut Res 2017, 36(1), 35-42.

Fly ash sludge was treated to soybean with 300 ppm/plant increased plant height, generative parameter, and to make earlier the firs flowering and harvest time. There are indications that soybean eight weeks after planting with 300 ppm / plant treated to four soybean varieties significantly increased the plant height from 86.17 cm into 95.0 cm for ijen variety, 89.67 cm into 91.33 cm for kaba variety, 96.83cm into 101.67 cm for tanggamus and 87.83 cm into 93.17 cm for anjasmoro. Dose of 300 ppm / plant treated to four soybean varieties significantly increased the average of seed weight 184.17 g into 191.25 g for ijen, 185,57 g into 188,83b for kaba, 214.13 g into 293.13 for Tanggamus and 148.50 g into 213.63cm for anjasmoro. Between four varieties tested that tanggamus registered a good genetic performance compared to other varieties. Fly ash is not only polluting the environment, but it could be also increased growth and production of seeds of four soybean varieties. Fly ash waste treated to soybean with suitable doses could increase growth and dry weight of seed. Fly ash is a fertilizer in low doses to plant and it could be used as fertilizers to save our environment.

3 illus, 4 tables, 41 ref

018220   Joshi B H;Patel D K (Food Quality Assurance Dep, College of Food Processing Technology and Bioenergy, Anand Agricultura, Anand, Gujarat, Email: bhavesh@aau.in) : Screening and characterization of newly isolated thermotolerant and ethanogenic strain of Pichia kudriavzevii. Int J Agric Envir Biotechnol 2017, 10(1), 115-23.

Screening and characterization of thermotolerant and ethanogenic yeast with improved economics for ethanol production was attempted in present study. Eight thermotolerant and ethanogenic isolates of yeast were isolated from the diverge ecosystem. All the isolates grew at 40° but EM12 and ST1 showed better growth than other six. Evaluation of ethanol tolerance showed that five isolates tolerate up to 12% ethanol. Enzyme profiling of these isolates revealed that they were found to possess β-galactosidase. The EM12 isolate was found to produce maximum of 49.21 IU/ml β-galactosidase amongst all. Isolate EM12 was most potential ethanogenic amongst all, with yield of 44.4% and fermentation efficiency of 86.38%. This isolate found to produce 38 g/l of ethanol. This thermotolerant and ethanogenic strain EM12 showed better economic for ethanol fermentation at elevated temperature in laboratory experiment. Therefore, it was selected for further thorough characterization. Based on the morphological, cultural and biochemical characterization followed by molecular analysis of 18S rDNA, EM12 isolate was identified as the strain of Pichia kudriavzevii.

4 illus, 3 tables, 28 ref

018219   Jega I S;Miah M I;Haque M M;Shahjahan M;Ahmed Z F;Fatema K (Fisheries Management Dep, Bangladesh Agricultural Univ, Mymensingh, Bangladesh) : Sex ratio, length-weight relationships and seasonal variations in condition factor of menoda catfish Hemibagrus menoda (Hamilton, 1822) of the Kangsha river in Bangladesh. Int J Fish aqua Stud 2017, 5(5), 49-54.

Assessment of fish stock assists fisheries managers in taking decisions toward sustainable fisheries. The study was conducted to find out the sex ratio, growth pattern and state of physical well being of Hemibagrus menoda in the Kangsha River Netrakona, Bangladesh. Report on the aspects of reproductive biology of this species in Bangladesh has so far not been documented. A total of 79 fish samples were collected from March 2016 to February 2017. The overall sex ratio was female biased (1.30:0.97) though chi-square test did not reveal any significant difference (p<60>0.05) from the expected 1:1 ratio. Analysis of the morphometric characters indicated b value was higher in females in terms of standard length to total length. The exponential forms of the length-weight relationship was W= 0.00451L^3.427 and W = 0.8658 L^1.785 for females and males, respectively. The highest condition factor for female (0.53) and male (1.62) was recorded in September. For conservation and management of the H. menoda species it is recommended that restriction on fishing of this species should be ensured.

2 illus, 3 tables, 26 ref

018218   Jayakumar M;Rajavel M (NO, Regional Coffee Research Station, Coffee Board, Chundale, Wayanand, Kerala, Email: agrokumar2013@gmail.com) : Coffee yield forecasting using climate indices based agrometeorological model in Kerala. Mausam 2017, 68(2), 309-16.

Climate plays important role in production of coffee. Adequate quantum and timely receipt of blossom rainfall for flowering and subsequent backing showers influence the berry set and yield of coffee. Harvesting of Arabica coffee in Kerala State with humid tropical climate in India is done by December-January and harvesting of Robusta coffee is taken up during January-February. In this paper, attempt was made to develop agrometeorological models to forecast the yield of these two varieties coffee by utilising monthly climate variables from January to December. Long term data from 1991-92 to 2012-13 on coffee yield and weather data from 1991-2012 recorded at Regional Coffee Research Station, Chundale located in Wayanad district of Kerala State was used to develop agrometeorological model. Statistical regression model between climate indices and yield of Arabica and Robusta coffee was developed and the model was validated using crop and climate data for 2013 and 2014. The model demonstrated that climate indices based agrometeological model is able to forecast the yield of coffee in Kerala.

1 illus, 3 tables, 25 ref

018217   Jat M K;Ahir R R;Choudhary S;Kakaraliya G L (Plant Pathology Dep, SKN College of Agriculture, SKN Agriculture Univ, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan) : Management of coriander wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) through cultural practices a organic amendments and date of sowing. J Pharmac Phytochem 2017, 6(5), 31-3.

The trials were conducted with various organic amendments i.e. Neem oil cake, Groundnut cake, Castor cake, Mustard cake & Poultry manure and Four dates of sowing i.e. 30thOctober, 10th, 20th & 30th November. Analysis of pooled data showed that crop planted on 30thNovember showed minimum disease - 337 - incidence and crop sown on 30thOctober showed maximum disease incidence and minimum seed yield. Data indicated that crop planted on 30th November gave highest yield 639.25 kg/ha. Studies on the relative efficacy of organic cakes in under field conditions showed Neem oil cake was found most effective followed by Mustard oil cake. Poultry manure were found least effective Among these organic amendment. Neem oil cake recorded 21.45 per cent disease incidence with 52.25 per cent disease control and 790.50 kg/ha seed yield by increasing 119.02 per cent seed yield.

2 tables, 11 ref

018216   Jash S;Moinuddin G;Sarkar A (Regional Research Station (Red and Laterite Zone), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Jhargram, Paschim, Medinipur-721 507, West Bengal) : Evaluation of Bacillus subtilis based biofungicides in comparison with conventional fungicides for management of early blight of potato. J mycopathol Res 2017, 55(1), 23-5.

Early blight caused by Alternaria solani (Ellis & G. Martin) L.R. Jones & Grout is a major foliar disease of potato. A field experiment was conducted with potato to compare the disease management provided by conventional fungicides and biofungicides having different inherent efficacy and mode of action, when applied alone or in combination throughout the treatment period. The level of disease control provided by all the treatments was significantly higher than nontreated plots in both years. Considering both year together, Mancozeb @ 2.5 g/l (T2) reduced highest disease severity followed by T6 and T8. Among the Bacillus subtilis based treatments, T6 i.e. Tank mix foliar spray of conventional fungicides Mancozeb @ 1.25 g/l and Bacillus subtilis formulation @ 370 g/ha at weekly intervals and T8 i.e. Mancozeb @ 2.5g/ I alternated with Bacillus ubtilis formulation @ 370 g/ha at weekly intervals effectively control the Early blight disease and produced good yield in the present investigation.

2 tables, 5 ref