015266   Khan M;Hasija R C;Tanwar N (Mathematics Dep, Statistics and Physics, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural U, Hisar, Haryana, Email: mkhanstat@gmail.com) : Optimu size and shape of plots based on data from a uniformity trial on - 273 - Indian mustard in Haryana. Mausam 2017, 68(1), 67-74.

The most obvious use of uniformity trial data is to provide information on the most suitable size and shape of plots, in which the field was planted to a single variety and harvested as small plots. Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cultivar RH-749 was grown using uniform crop improvement practices during rabi season of 2013-14 at Research Farm of Oilseed section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana state, India, to estimate optimum plot size and shape using yield data of the 48 m x 48 m (2304 basic units) recorded separately from each basic unit of 1 m x 1 m. The variability among plots of different sizes and shapes was determined by calculating coefficient of variation. It was observed that the coefficient of variation decreases as the plot size increases in case of both the directions i.e., when plots were elongated in N-S direction (88 per cent decrease) or elongated in E-W direction (93 per cent decrease). Further it was observed that long and narrow plots elongated in E-W direction were more useful than the compact and square plots in controlling the soil heterogeneity. Based on the maximum curvature method the optimum plot size for yield trial was estimated to be 5 mP2P with rectangular shape.

4 tables, 13 ref

015265   Kerure P;Pitchaimuthu M;Hosamani A (Horticulture Dep, ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Babbur Farm, Hiriyur, Chitradurga Dist-577 598, Email: prakash837@gmail.com) : Estimation of genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and diversity studies in okra genotypes. Green Fmg 2017, 8(1), 47-51.

In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to evaluate the genetic variability of yield contributing characters, and the genetic diversity in fifty one genotypes and one check variety Arka Anamika of okra collected from the IIHR, Bangalore, India. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the genotypes for different morphological characters. The phenotypic variances for all the thirteen characters were found to be higher than the genotypic variances. High GCV and PCV were observed for yield per plant, no. of fruits per plant, no. of seeds per fruit, average fruit weight. High heritability coupled with high GAM were observed for almost all the characters studied, except days to 50% flowering and days to 80% maturity, which shows low heritability with low GAM. The yield per plant, plant height and no. of seeds per fruit showed high genetic advance that helped in effective and reliable selection through these characters for crop improvement. On the basis of K clustering method, the genotypes were grouped into eight groups. The Group I was the largest with twelve genotypes followed by Group VII and II with eleven, ten genotypes respectively and cluster mean values for 15 different characters estimated.

2 illus, 5 tables, 18 ref

015264   Kedar S C;Saini R K;Kumaranag K M (Entomology Dep, Chardhary Charan Singh Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, Email: santoshkedar56@yahoo.com) : Seasonal incidence of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on Bt cotton in relation to weather parameters. J ent Res 2016, 40(3), 249-54.

Studies on seasonal incidence of B. tabaci nymphs and adults on Bt cotton hybrid RCH 134 BG II indicated that the pest reached its peak twice in the cotton growing season first two years (28th to 30th SW and 40th to 41th SW). But, in 3rd year only single peak was observed (30th SW). Among the weather parameters, minimum temperature, evening relative humidity and wind speed had significant negative correlation with whitefly population. The multiple regression analysis revealed the combined effects of weather parameters explained 39-59 per cent (R^{2) and 47-52 per cent (R2) variability in B. tabaci nymphal and adult population on Bt cotton.}

3 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

015263   Kavitha K J;Murugan K;Evans D A (Zoology Dep, University College, Thiruvananthapuram-695 034, Email: drevansda@gmail.com) : Cytopathological and haematological changes in Odoiporus longicollis [Olivier] grub by Attinkombu and Thenkaali, the two pest resistant Musa cultivars identified in Kerala. J ent Res 2016, 40(1), 27-33.

Odoiporus longicollis a monophagous and most serious pest of banana and plantains which completes the whole life cycle within the pseudostem is a major threat to the Musa cultivation. Field study has revealed that commercially viable cultivars such as Kappa (Red banana), Palayankodan and Nendran are the most susceptible cultivars and Kadali, Aattinkombu, Thenkaali and Kannan are pest resistant cultivars. Rearing of O. longicollis larvae on pest resistant cultivars has resulted in mortality as evidence by hyperproteinemia of hemolymph and total hemocytopenia together with selective increase - 272 - in the population of granulocytes in larvae. Various cytopathological changes such as distortion of cell shape, denucleation, abnormal staining and rupture of cell membrane were observed in hemocytes of reared larvae. Pest resistant cultivars are very rare and can be seen as lone clones at house permises only and they need conservation. Transfer of pest resistance from resistant clones to susceptible clones and development of host plant resistance against this pest is the most effective and sustainable way to control this pest.

6 illus, 19 ref

015262   Kausar N;Mir R A;Jan U;Shah G M;Mir T A (P.G Zoology Dep, Univ of Kashmir, Srinagar) : Effect of soyabean incorporated diets on the performance of Schizothorax curvifrons. Int J Fauna biol Stud 0000, 4(4), 1-3.

Due to the anthropogenic activities, the native fish species of Kashmir Schizothoracine is being declining day by day. Therefore an attempt has been made to culture the fish on artificial diets and evaluate the effects of artificial diet on the growth and feed conversion ratio. In the experiment, a total of 75 fishes were equally divided into five groups. A twelve week feeding trail was carried out in floating cages (1 x 1 x 1 m), in five groups to evaluate the use of soybean as a dietary protein source for Schizothorax curvifrons. Soybean was incorporated at 0, 20, 30, 40 and 50% of total feed. Each dietary treatment was tested in five groups of fishes each group having 15 fish. Fish were fed daily at the rate of 1.5% of body weight. Percentage weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), survival and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in fish fed diet with 20% and 30% substitution of dietary feed by soybean were significant (P<60>0.05). No significant differences (P<62>0.05) were observed in fish fed by 40% and 50% soybean meal. The results showed that soybean can be incorporated in diet of Schizothorax curvifrons up to 30% with no adverse effects on growth, survival and feed conversion ratio.

3 tables, 16 ref

015261   Kaur H;Kaur N;Singh H (School of Climate Change and Agricultural Meterology, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: pksidhu@pau.edu) : PRECIS-model simulated changes in climatic parameters under various scenarios in different agro-climatic zones of Punjab. Mausam 2017, 68(1), 139-48.

In this study, the future simulated climatic data (temperature and rainfall) for the 21st century were downscaled using the regional climate model, viz., - 271 - PRECIS model (providing Regional Climates for Impact Studies) for different agro-climatic zones, i.e., Zone II (Ballowal Saunkhri), Zone III (Ludhiana, Amritsar, Patiala and Jalandhar) and Zone V (Bathinda) of Punjab. The corrected simulated data were then analyzed on the annual an seasonal basis to quantify the changes in maximum and minimum temperature and rainfall. The study showed that 'the maximum and minimum temperature and rainfall by the end of 21" century are likely to increase by 2.0 to 2.2 °C, 3.3 to 5.4 °C and 33 to 66% respectively in agro-climatic zone II; by 0.4 to 5.8 °C, 2.5 to 7.4 °C and 3 to 62% respectively in agro-climatic zone III and by 0.5 to 4.0 °C, 4.7 to 7.7 °C and 58 to 69% respectively in agro-climatic zone V at different locations of Punjab state under various scenarios of climate change. The trend analysis of these parameters revealed there is positive linear increasing trend under different scenarios in the Punjab state.

3 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

015260   Katoch V;Singh P;Devi M B;Sharma A;Sharma G D;Sharma J K (Vegetable Science and Floriculture Dep, College of Agriculture, C.S.K. Himachal Pradesh Agricultural Univ, Palampur-176 062, Email: vivekarathour@gmail.com) : Study of genetic variability, character association, path analysis and selection parameters for heterotic recombinant inbred lines of garden peas (Pisum sativum var. Hortense L.) under mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh, India. Legume Res 0000, 39(2), 163-9.

The present investigations involving forty five diverse pea recombinant inbreds and three standard checks were carried out for two successive years during 2011-2012 and 2012-13. The objective of the study was to ascertain genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation and path coefficient among yield and other horticultural and quality traits and identification of superior recombinants for their utilization in crop improvement programme. Wide range of variability was observed for most of the characters under study. The magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variability (GCV) for all the traits. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations were recorded for protein content, ascorbic acid, plant height and pod yield per plant for both the years. Pod yield per plant and plant height exhibited high heritability associated with high genetic advance in the respective years indicating the additive gene action for their expression and are likely to respond better to selection. Pod yield showed a positive and significant correlation with number of pods per plant, pod length and number of seeds per pod both the years. Path analysis revealed that number of pods per plant and pod length have highest positive direct effect both the years and thus it maybe treated as selection criteria for isolating higher yielding genotypes in garden peas. In heterosis study, some of the recombinant inbreds were found superior over standard checks which include L-14 and L-13 for pod yield/plant, number of pod/plant and earliness. These findings can be further utilized to develop and enhance the yield potential of garden pea.

6 tables, 24 ref

015259   Karayilanli E;Ayhan V (NO, Suleyman Demirel Univ, 32260, Isparta, Turkey, Email: elifadiyaman@sdu.edu.tr) : Investigation of feed value of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) harvested at different maturity stages. Legume Res 2016, 39(2), 237-47.

The aim of this study was to determine the green herbage and dry herbage yield, chemical and nutritional values and RFV of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) at different stages of maturity under Isparta ecological conditions in 2012. To achieve this goal random sampling plots was created according to an experimentation pattern, and the number of harvests was determined according to regional conditions. In chemical analysis, the following samples were analyzed for Dry Matter (DM), Crude Protein (CP), Ether Extract (EE), Ash, Crude Fiber (CF), Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE), Notral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), as well as macro and micro minerals. The highest total green herbage yield was 9609.33 kg/da during the budding period, which decreased by - 270 - 28% with maturity. The highest total dry matter yield, which depends on hay yield, was determined as 1742.63 kg/da at the beginning of the flowering period. The highest CP was determined during the budding period and decreased with maturity. DM, CS, NDF and ADF content increased while ash, Digestible Dry Matter (DDM), Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN), Dry Matter Intake (DMI), Metabolisable Energy (ME), Net Energy Lactation (NEL), and Digestible Energy (DE) content decreased with maturity. The highest RFV was determined during budding and the beginning of the flowering periods. Taking both yield and feed value results into consideration based on Isparta's conditions, the best harvesting period of alfalfa was determined to be at the beginning of the flowering period.

5 tables, 42 ref

015258   Kar A;Ganguli J (Entomology Dep, Indira Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Raipur-492 012, Email: anamika_kar7@rediffmail.com ) : Fecundity and preferential oviposition by pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus F on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) var dollar. Legume Res 2016, 39(2), 310-14.

In a laboratory experiment female Callosobruchus maculatus distributed eggs on healthy chickpea seeds in a manner that maximizes the amount of resources allocated to each offspring under favourable condition. The female preferred seeds having more quantity of resources to meet the nutrition of her offspring, seeds having healthy seed coat over damaged ones, fresh seeds over infested seeds for laying higher number of eggs under normal day light condition over the total dark. This was more so in presence of multiple copulating males over single one. Host deprivation did not have any influence on fecundity.

9 illus, 18 ref

015257   Kandiannan K;Prasath D;Sasikumar B (NO, ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Marikunnu PO, Kzhikode-673 012, Email: kandiannan@spices.res.in) : Biennial harvest reduces rhizome multiplication rate and provides no yield advantage in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.). J Spices aromatic Crop 2016, 25(1), 79-83.

Study was conducted during 2009-11 under rainfed condition to observe the sprout emergence, tiller production and yield when the ginger was allowed to grow in the second season/year without harvest in first year/season. First generation ginger was not harvested and allowed to emerge on the same container and harvested in subsequent year in second generation in the month of January 2011. After harvesting, fresh rhizome was cleaned and sorted into first year produce and second year produce based on their appearance and texture and weighed separately, their proportion was estimated and multiplication rate from first generation crop to second generation crop was calculated. The mean shoot emergence and tiller production were five and 19, respectively. Average yield in first, second years and total yield were 209, 566 and 775 g plant^{-1, respectively. The share between first and second year yield were 27.8 and 72.2%, respectively and mean multiplication rate was 3.5 times. Although, yield levels tend to increase in second season, the multiplication rate was much reduced. Hence, the practice of biennial harvest may not have clear yield advantage over regular annual harvest.}

1 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

015256   Jehangir I A;Panotra N;Anwar Bhat M;Singh P (Agronomy Div, Sher-e-Kashmir Univ of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Kashmir-191 112, Email: dr.narinderpanotra@gmail.com) : Nutrient uptake and quality of oats (Avena sativa L.) as influenced by different agronomic practices. Forage Res 2017, 42(4), 263-6.

In view of the increasing demand for fodder, there is urgent need to maximize fodder production within the existing cropping systems. With this objective a field experiment was carried out in temperate environment during rabi seasons of 2009-10 and 2010-11 on silty clay loam soil to determine the impact of different sowing dates, fertility levels and cutting managements on growth, yield and quality of fodder oat. The treatments comprised of three sowing dates viz. 20 September., 30 September and 10 October; three fertility levels viz., 150:70:40, 125:60:30 and 100:50:20 kg N:P₂O₅:K₂O kg/ha and two cutting management viz., single cut at 50% flowering and double cut on 15 December and 50% flowering stage. Late sowing resulted in poor crop growth and reduced green fodder yield to the tune of 42%. Green fodder yield (36.2 t/ha) and nutrient uptake were higher with the application of 150:70:40 N:P₂O₅:K₂O kg/ha. Double cutting practice produced more green fodder yield to the tune of 15.6% over single cut crop.

4 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

015255   Jayalakshmi V;Reddy C K K;Jyothirmayi G;Reddy A T (NO, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal-517 502, Email: veera.jayalakshmi@gmail.com) : Studies on genetic diversity in chickpea utilizing morphological and total seed protein markers. Legume Res 0000, 39(2), 323-5.

Genetic diversity among seventeen chickpea varieties was investigated utilizing agro morphological traits and total seed protein markers. Morphological markers grouped all the desi genotypes (9) except ICCV10 under Cluster I, whereas kabuli genotypes (7) were grouped in three clusters. Dendogram developed based on total seed protein profile revealed that the seventeen genotypes could be grouped into two clusters broadly at a distance of 25. Similarity index between all possible pairs of seventeen genotypes showed a range of 0.074 (Vishal and ICCV-10) to 0.579 (JAKI-9218 and ICCC 37). The correspondence between different methods might be improved by analyzing more morphological characters, storage proteins and DNA markers.

1 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

015254   Jat M K;Chaudhary O P;Tetarwal A S (Entomology Dep, CCS, Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: nitharwal84@gmail.com) : Foraging behaviour and pollination efficiency of floral visitors on egyptian clover, Trifolium alexandrinum L.. Forage Res 0000, 42(4), 225-32.

The foraging behaviour and pollination efficiency of floral visitors on Egyptian clover, Trifolium alexandrinum was conducted at Forage Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during 2012 and 2013. The maximum foraging rate was recorded in N+P (nectar+pollen) foragers of - 268 - Apis dorsata (7.2 flowers/min.), P (pollen) forager of Apis florea (7.2) and Apis mellifera (7.1) followed by pollen (6.3), least in nectar forager of A. dorsata (5.1) and A. mellifera (5.5). The maximum foraging speed was recorded in nectar forager A. dorsata (22.4 seconds/flower) followed by its pollen foragers (19.0). The A. mellifera foragers were recorded with minimum foraging speed for nectar+pollen (4.6 seconds/flower), pollen (4.9) and nectar (7.4). The larger bodied A. dorsata carried the maximum loose pollen grains (LPG) on their body (79,625) while the smallest species A. florea had minimum capacity (36,375) and the medium sized A. mellifera was recorded with intermediate capacity (73,250). On the basis of relative pollination efficiency (RPE), A. dorsata was the most efficient pollinators (16.4) of T. alexandrinum flowers followed by the pollen foragers (13.3).

10 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

015253   Jain S K;Patel P R (Sorghum Research Station, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural Univ, Deesa, Banaskanta, Gujarat-385 535, Email: skjain@sdau.edu.in) : Principal component and cluster analysis in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Forage Res 2016, 42(2), 90-5.

In the current set of an experiment, thirty two sorghum genotypes were assessed for different yield and yield component traits. For evaluation of these traits, basic statistics, correlation, Principal component (PC) and diversity analyses were employed to obtain suitable parents that can be further exploited in future breeding programmes. The estimation of descriptive statistics of nine quantitative traits indicated the existence of variability among the genotypes. Correlation analysis revealed that grain yield was positively correlated with panicle length, leaf length and leaf width whereas fodder yield was positively correlated with number of leaves/plant, leaf width, leaf length, plant height and days to maturity. The positive correlation among these yield contributing traits suggested that these characters are important for direct selection of high yielding genotypes. Principal component (PC) analysis showed first 3 PCs having Eigen value <62>1 explaining 70.89% of the total variation with different yield and yield component traits. In the biplot analysis between PCs 1 and 2, the genotypes remained scattered in all four quadrants, showing large genetic variability in quantitative traits. The thirty two genotypes were grouped into five clusters on the basis of average linkage and dendogram. The cluster-I having 13 genotypes followed by cluster-III (9), cluster-II (7), cluster-V (2) and cluster-IV (1). Distribution pattern of all the genotypes into five clusters showed the presence of considerable genetics diversity among the genotypes for most of the traits under consideration. Various useful correlations and aforementioned information extracted from cluster and PC analysis will be helpful in designing breeding programmes to obtain high yielding genotypes in sorghum for seed as well as fodder yield.

4 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

015252   Jain N;Gupta R (Pharmacy Dep, Barkatullah Univ, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh-462 026, Email: jain_nidhi8@yahoo.com) : Approach of developing floating tablet of lisinopril. Curr Res pharm Sci 2016, 6(4), 86-92.

Lisinopril is an antihypertensive agent with 12 hr half life, pH-dependent solubility, and narrow absorption window. So, the present study aimed to prolong its gastric residence time that entailed a development of an optimized gastro retentive floating tablets (GRFTs). The tablets were fabricated by direct compression - 267 - using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and carbopol 934 as release retarding polymers. The quality attributes of the tablets were evaluated. The buoyancy lag time, total floating time, swelling ability and in vitro release studies were al so carried out in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) at 37 ± 0.5±C. Statistical data analysis revealed that the optimized formulation containing 21.91% HPMC and 15% carbopol 934 had acceptable hardness, optimum floating behavior and 24h controlled-release pattern. The design succeeded to develop CVD-GRFTs with floating ability and controlled release behavior that could improve its solubility, and improve its availability at the best absorptive site.

5 illus, 9 tables, 12 ref

015251   Isaac S R;Varghese J (Farming Systems Reseach Station, Kerala Agricultural University, Sadanandapuram, Kottarakkara-695 531, Email: sheebarebecca@yahoo.co.in) : Nutrient management in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) in an integrated farming system in southern Kerala. J Spices aromatic Crop 2016, 25(2), 206-9.

Field trial was conducted to assess the effect of different organic manures produced in situ in an integrated farming system at Farming Systems Research Station, Sadanandapuram during 2012-13 on the performance of turmeric, variety Suguna, grown as component crop in the system under nutrient recommendation of 30:30:60 kg NPK ha^{-1. Higher plant growth was recorded in the treatment integrating 75% recommended dose nitrogen as organic manures and remaining 25% as inorganic fertilizers. Rhizome yields were significantly higherst (42.71 t ha-1) in the treatment receiving vermicompost along with chemical fertilizers followed by poultry manure substitution (33.08 t ha-1) and sole organics - integration of vermicompost enriched with PGPR Mix I with poultry manure and goat manure (31.61 t ha-1). Net returns per ha ranged between Rs. 1.82 lakh (inorganic fertilizers alone) and Rs. 5.8 lakh (vermicompost + inorganic fertilizers) and benefit cost ratios between 1.76 and 3.19.}

2 tables, 12 ref

015250   Hazarika S;Patgiri P;Dutta P;Borkataki S;Das K (Entomology Dep, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-785 013, Email: somarhazarika@gmail.com) : Compatibility of Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) with common pesticides used in vegetable ecosystem of Assam. J ent Res 2016, 40(2), 157-9.

In vitro compatibility of Nomuraea rileyi (farlow) was studied with six commonly used pesticides in vegetable ecosystem by poison food technique at recommended dose (RD) and half of recommended dose (1/2RD). The results were expressed in percent mycelial growth inhibition of N. rileyi colony on the insecticide treated medium. At field recommended dose of chlorpyrifos 20% EC with highest inhibitory effect (79.21%) of N. rileyi was observed. This was followed by malathion 50EC (77.88%) and azadirachtin 0.5% (61.33%) whereas bifenthrin 10%WP, imidaclorpid 17.8% SL and thiomethoxam 25% WG were found to be moderately toxic. Half of the recommended dose of malathion 50 EC, bifenthrin 10% WP and chlorpyrifos 20% EC were however, tolerated well by N. rileyi showing growth inhibition <60> 50%. Thiomethoxam 25% WG was found to be best in compatibility to N. rileyi with lowest per cent of growth inhibition (20.78%).

1 table, 8 ref

015249   Hashem A;Abd-Allah E F;Alqarawi A A;Wirth S; Egamberdieva D (Plant Production Dep, Faculty of Food & Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 2460 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia, Email: eabdallah@ksu.edu.sa) : Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi alleviate salt stress in lupine (Lupinus termis Forsik) through modulation of antioxidant defense system and physiological traits. Legume Res 2016, 39(2), 198-207.

The present study was carried with the aim to demonstrate and examine the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth, anti-oxidants metabolism and some key physio-biochemical attributes including the osmotic constituents in Lupinus termis exposed to salt stress. Salt stress (250 mM NaCl) reduced growth, AMF colonisation, relative water content and chlorophyll pigment content. However, AMF ameliorated the negative effect of salinity on these growth parameters. Salt stress increased the activities of key antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD). Inoculation of AMF enhanced the activities of these enzymes and caused an increase in the accumulation of osmotic components resulting in the maintainence of tissue water content. Proline, glycine betaine and sugars increased with salinity stress and AMF inoculation. Plants subjected to salt stress showed considerable variations in the endogenous levels of - 266 - growth hormones. Reduced lipid peroxidation and increased membrane stability in AMF inoculated plants and enhanced activity of anti-oxidants enzymes confers the role of AMF in assuaging the salt stress induced deleterious effects.

2 illus, 5 tables, 47 ref

015248   Harizia A;Lazreg F (Agronomical Sciences Dep, University Mustapha Stambouli Mascara, 29000 Algeria, Email: kader.harizia@gmail.com) : Efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungus, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wise) Brown and Smith (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) against Geotrogus deserticola (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae). J ent Res 2016, 40(3), 223-8.

Different conidial concentrations of isolate P 83 of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus ranging from 1 x 10^{6 to 1 x 1010 conidia/ml were injected through the anus of geotrogus deserticola on the 2nd and 3rd instars larvae. The larval mortality caused by fungal infection differed significantly and increased with increasing conidial concentrations. Results revealed 100% mortality of 2nd instar larvae at 1 x 1010, 1 x 109, and 1 x 108 conidia/ml and the lower mortality 93.33% was obtained at 1 x 106 conidia/ml, 6-day post treatment. For the 3rd instar larvae the higher mortality (93.33%) was noticed at 1 x 10 10 and lower (53.33%) at 1 x 106 conidia/ml 8 day of post inoculation. The estimated LC₅₀ was 4.73 x 104 and 2.13 x 105 conidia/ml and the LT₅₀ values was 3, 64 days and 3, 90 days respectively for the 2nd and the 3rd instar larvae treated.}

1 illus, 3 tables, 26 ref

015247   Halappa B;Patil R K;Guru P N (Agricultural Entomology Dep, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005, Email: halesh5005@gmail.com) : Seasonal incidence of cotton leafhopper, - 265 - Amrasca biguttula bigutulla (Ishida) on Bt and non-Bt cotton. J ent Res 2016, 40(3), 243-8.

A study conducted at Dharwad indicated the effect of weather parameters and influence of different sowing dates on incidence of cotton leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttulla (Ishida) on Bt and non-Bt cotton. Peak population was noticed of 8.40 per three leaves during 45th Meteorological Standard Week (MSW) and lowest population of 0.2 per three leaves was during 7th MSW. The correlation study indicated highly significant negative correlation with minimum temperature, morning and evening relative humidity and rain fall. The crop sown during 1st Date of Sowing (June 1st, DOS) and last date of sowing, (5th - August 1st, DOS) escaped from leafhopper damage.

3 tables, 21 ref

015246   Gupta S;Apte S D (Zoology Dep, Govt post Graduate College, Kahargone(MP)) : Relative varietal prefernce of Callosobruchus Maculatus (Fab.) in different Green Gram varieties (Free choice test). Ann Biol Res 2016, 7(8), 1-3.

Free choice test was concluded at room condition in three replicates by accurately weighing ten healthy seeds of each variety. They were kept equidistant from each other on the periphery of big circular trough. The top of the trough was covered with muslin cloth, held in position by rubber bands. Ten pairs of freshly emerged beetles (within 24 hours of age) were through released centrally into each through the opening made in the centre of muslin cloth cover. The beetles were removed 24 hours after their release and different observation were recorded in each treatment. Out of the 10 varieties tested. The result indicated that the preference of C. maculatus number of beetles oriented on the seed, number of eggs per seed, seed damage, loss in seed weight was found to be highest in the seeds of variety VGG-29 & UPM - 97 - 34 (100%) and it decreased in the following manner -TM - 98 - 37 (90%) <62> RMG - 502 (80%), Phule - M - 9338 (80%) UBGG - 52 (80%) KM - 2170 (70%), Knargone - 1 (70%) GAUM - 9801 (60%) and AKM - 1505 (60%). No variety was found to be free from C. maculatus infestation. These observations thus confirmed the variety AKM - 1505 to be least susceptible and varieties UPM - 97 - 34 and UGG - 29 to be highly susceptible to the pest. Further larger and heavier seeds with smooth surface were highly preferred by the pest as they provided more surface area for oviposition and enough food and space for the development of the grubs.

1 table, 14 ref

015245   Goudappanavar B;Patil D R;Pattepur S; Hipparagi K (Fruit Science Dep, College of Horticulture, Bagalkot, Horticultural Sciences Univ, Bagalkot-587 104, Email: balesh072@gmail.com ) : Effect of structured water and fertilizer on yield attributing and quality parameters of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Manjri naveen. Green Fmg 0000, 8(1), 142-6.

A field experiment on effect of structured water and fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cv Manjri Naveen was carried out during 2014-2015 at Main Horticultural Research and Extension Centre, University of Horticultural Sciences, Udyanagiri, Bagalkot. The experiment consisted of types of water (structured water and bore well water) and five levels of fertilizer (100, 90, 80, 70, 60% of the RDF) and was laid out in Split plot design. Among the types of water, structured water recorded significantly the maximum number of panicles (3.60) per cane, panicles (119.60) per vine, bunches (61.50) per vine, weight of bunch (296.06 g), weight of 100 berries (169.98 g) and fruit yield (40.67 t/ha) were recorded. Among the levels of fertilizer, 100% RDF per vine was recorded significantly the maximum number of panicles (4.02) per cane, panicles (121.50) per vine, bunches (62.68) per vine, weight of bunch (316.17 g) per vine, weight of 100 berries (185.89 g), fruit yield (44.07 t/ha). However, the interaction effect between types of water and levels of fertilizer was recorded significantly the maximum berry diameter (15.26 mm), maximum weight of 100 berries (189.33 g) and fruit yield 45.30 t/ha. at Northern dry zone of Karnataka.

1 illus, 5 tables, 17 ref

015244   Goswami H;Malik B;Chaturvedi M (NO, Omcar India Company, Gwalior, Email: piyushlbushra@gmail.com) : In vitro micropropogation of medicinal plant Portulaca grandiflora. Curr Res pharm Sci 2016, 6(4), 82-5.

According to the WHO about 80% population of the world depend on medicinal plants for remedies. Medicinal plants are exploited for therapeutic medicine and have been used by Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha. In Ayurveda, Charak and Sushruta described various plants along with their medicinal values. Portulaca grandiflora, is a medicinal ornamental plant in the family Portulacaceae, Portulaca has many medicinal properties. It is used for the treatment of cirrhosis of the liver, pharyngeal pain and swelling. Leaves used for scurvy. Fresh juice of leaves and stems applied to snake and insect bites, burns, scalds, and eczema. In the present study micropropagation of Portulaca grandiflora was done using nodal explants, inoculated on MS medium containing kinetin (1.0-4.0 mg/l). Axillary bud proliferation was observed within 05 days. After 3 weeks regenerated shoots shown fresh growth with 3-4 new nodes on each concentration of kinetin supplemented Murashige & Skoog medium. No callus initiation was observed on any of the Kinetin supplemented media. Out of the four concentration 2.0 mg/l Kinetin shown maximum percentage of Axillary bud proliferation i.e. 60%, whereas higher concentration of Kinetin shown stunted growth. Regenerated shoots were transferred into Murashige & Skoog media supplemented with 1.0-4.0 mg/Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) for root initiation. Root initiation was observed after 5 days of subculturing. Maximum percentage of root initiation and plantlet regeneration were recorded in 2.0 mg/l IBA i.e. 90%, whereas minimum percentage observed on 4.0 mg/l i.e 40%. Regenerated Plantlets were transferred to green house and finally to the field.

3 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

015243   Gore V R;Surana P P;Shinde G C (Grass Breeding Scheme, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri-413 722, Email: grass.mpkv@gmail.com) : Genetic variability studies for forage yielf and associated triats in marvel grass (Dichanthium spp.). Forage Res 2016, 42(3), 172-5.

A total of 20 marvel grass genotypes were grown in randomized block design (RBD) with two replications at Grass Breeding Scheme, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, District Ahmednagar, Maharashtra during kharif season of 2015-16. Objectives of investigation were to study genetic variability, correlation and path analysis for 13 characters viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height (cm), number of tillers/tussock, stem thickness (mm), number of internodes/tiller, internode length (cm), number of leaves/tiller, leaf length (cm), leaf breadth (mm), green fodder yield (g/tussock), leaf : stem ratio, dry matter (%) and crude protein (%). Treatment differences - 263 - were found to be significant for all the characters studied. Characters like number of tillers/tussock, stem thickness L : S ratio and green fodder yield showed high GCV and PCV. The estimates of genotypic as well as phenotypic coefficients of variances were the higher for leaf : stem ratio, stem thickness (mm), green forage yield and number of tillers per tussock. Maximum heritability (b.s.) was observed for leaf : stem ratio (97.10%) and minimum for dry matter (61.90%). High estimates of heritability accompanied by high estimates of genetic advance as percentage of mean were observed for characters like number of tillers/tussock, stem thickness, L : S ratio, number of leaves/tiller, leaf length, leaf breadth, crude protein (%) and green forage yield indicating that these traits are predominately governed by additive gene action and selection for these characters will be effective. The characters like days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, stem thickness, number of internodes/tiller, number of leaves/tiller, leaf length and leaf breadth, showed significant positive genotypic correlations with green forage yield. Plant height and leaf breath exhibited high positive direct and indirect effect and significant positive genotypic correlation with green forage yield. The characters viz., number of internodes, stem thickness, leaf length and number of tillers/tussock also exhibited high indirect effects. Thus, emphasis should be given on these characters for green forage improvement in the present marvel grass.

3 tables, 13 ref

015242   Giridhar K;Suryakumari S;Sarada C;Naidu L N (AICRP on Spices, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Horticultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur-522 034, Email: gkalidasu@yahoo.com) : Crop improvement of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L. subsp. indicum var. indicum.) through crossing. J Spices aromatic Crop 2016, 25(1), 1-6.

Coriander is the most important seed spice crop in India. Selection is the most common breeding procedure used in coriander and crossing is non-existent. The present study was conducted to promote crossing as a breeding technique in coriander. It was found that coriander was protandrous and the sex ratio was 1.75 to 2.07. The stigma was receptive from the 3rd day to 6th day of anthesis indicating that artificial pollination on emasculated florets must be done repeatedly on 3rd and 4th day of anthesis. Pollen was viable for two days in the field. Fresh pollen can be stored in incubator at 25°C for three weeks with 88% retention of viability. Emasculation of florets was carried out with the help of binocular loupe. Emasculation cither in the morning before anthesis or previous day evening was found to be suitable. For demonstrating the technique, four parents were reciprocally crossed. Only three crosses were successful indicating the differences in combining ability of the parents. Mean success among the cross was 23%, fruit set among the florets varied from 9.52-83.3% depending on the cross combination.

1 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref

015241   Ghosh S K;Mandal T;Chakraborty K (Agricultural Entomology Dep, B.C.K.V. (Agricultural University), AINP on Agril. Acarology, Directo, kalyani, Nadia-741 235, Email: sunil_ent69@yahoo.in) : Population fluctuation of - 262 - aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch.) infesting som plant leaves (Machilus bombycina King) and its management. J ent Res 2016, 40(3), 235-41.

Som plant (Machilus bombycina King), useful for rearing of muga silk worm (Antheraea assama ww), is susceptible to various insect pest of which Aphis craccivora Koch. causes heavy damage to tender leaves of the plant. Initially its population was recorded as 10.88-12.79 aphid/leaf during January-February and then declined. Higher population (17.24-24.98/leaf) was maintained during 2nd week of September to 1st week of October. Aphid incidence showed positive correlation with temperature and relative humidity. Immidacloprid, was the most effective in providing more than 80% aphid suppression followed by azadirachtin. As som plant leaves provide the major food component of muga silk work rearing, toxic synthetic insecticide should not be used. Polygonum extract was very effective against the aphid (<62>60% suppression).

1 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref

015240   Gesimba R M (Horticulture and soils Dep, Egerton Univ, P O Box 536, Njoro) : Relationship between graft compatibility and cyanohydrin glycoside type and content in Passiflora species. Ann Biol Res 2016, 7(8), 8-12.

Production Passiflora edulis f. edulis Sims. (purple passion fruit) in Kenya is limited by the root fungus Fusarium. Some ornamental and wild Passiflora species have been found to be Fusarium-resistant though not compatible with Passiflora edulis f. edulis. This experiment was conducted to determine; graft compatibility between Passiflora edulis f. edulis scions and eight (P. altinis. P. biflora, P. caerulea, P. citrina, P. edulis, P. incarnata and P. yukatanensis) Passiflora species of two subgenera all cleft grafted and cyanohydrin glycoside type and content present in the foliage, stems of rootstalks and scion. Cyanohydrin glycoside analysis was carried out using a colorimetric assay of frozen stem and leaf samples. Passiflora incarnata and P. caerulea both members of the Passiflora subgenera had high percent (<62> 89%) graft success with P. edulis f. edulis scions. Species within the same subgenera (P. incarnata, P. caerulea and P edulis) and having the lowest concentration <60> 2.0 μmols amygdalin equivalents/g fresh weight of cyanohydrin glycoside had the greatest grafting success. Only P. edulis had type IV cynohydrin glycoside while P. altinis. P. biflora, P. caerulea, P. citrine and P. incarnata had type II cynohydrin glycoside.

4 tables, 20 ref

015239   Gend D G;Verma S S;Pahuja S K;Jadhav V B (Seed Science & Technology Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: dnyanesh.gend@gmail.com) : Response of different fodder sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench] genotypes to the accelerating ageing test. Forage Res 2016, 42(3), 195-7.

The present investigation comprised 12 fodder sorghum varieties viz., HC-136, HC-171, HC-308, HJ-513, HJ-541, Pant Chari-7, GFS-5, Pant Chari-3, PC-5, SSV-84, CSV-15 and UP Chari-2 were used in the present study. The field experiment was conducted in Research Area of Forage Section, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2012-13 and accelerating aging test was conducted in laboratory of Department of Seed Science & Technology. The maximum seedling establishment per cent was found in HJ-513, SSV-84, HC-136 and CSV-15 which showed superiority almost for all the genotypes. The standard germination per cent and accelerated ageing test were found most suitable vigour parameters for prediction of seedling establishment in field conditions in relation to abiotic stress. The above superior listed genotypes had the maximum normal seedling establishment in laboratory for abiotic stress condition and its positive correlation with seedling establishment in field.

1 table, 4 ref

015238   Gayithri M;Nagarathna T K;Shadakshari Y G (All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Sunflower, Agricultural Sciences Univ, GKVK Campus, Bangalore-560 065, Email: nagarathnavijay@rediffmail.com) : Manipulation of source to sink ratio to increase the productivity of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by enhancing translocation and partitioning efficiency. Green Fmg 2017, 8(1), 126-31.

Productivity of sunflower reached a plateau in recent years due to poor seed filling and seed set, excessive vegetative growth and lack of photosynthetic activity at the time of seed filling and improper translocation of photosynthates. To improve the productivity, translocation of photosynthates from vegetative organs to seed is very important. In this direction to achieve higher yield, a field experiment was conducted to study the influence of source and sink manipulations on crop growth and yield in sunflower hybrid, KBSH-44 by manipulating the source size and sink capacity by applying plant growth regulators, growth retardant, higher dose of nitrogen with micronutrients and source size was reduced by defoliation. Application of double dose of nitrogen at sowing with micronutrient mixture markedly increased growth parameter indices and it had a profound effect on oil content too. Total biomass increased significantly due to more vegetative growth which in turn increased harvest index. This treatment resulted in 33.8% increase in leaf area duration which improved seed yield by 32.6%. Manipulation of sink capacity by spraying 240ppm TIBA with 120ppm NAA and 0.2% boron improved the rate of translocation which in turn increased the productivity by 33 to 36 percent. Due to more biomass and yield, harvest index was also increased by 32 percent. Application of 3000ppm cycocel at star bud stage increased productivity by 1.2 per - 261 - cent and significantly reduced the plant height which minimized the distance between the source and sink thereby enhancing the rate of translocation of photosynthates especially during grain filling period.

4 illus, 5 tables, 19 ref

015237   Garg N;Sekhon K S (Regional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Bathinda-151 001, Email: naveengargpau@gmail.com) : Earliness, yield and bulb parameters of hardneck garlic (Allium sativum L.) as influenced by leaf knotting and scape removal in north Indian plains. J Spices aromatic Crop 2016, 25(2), 182-6.

Present study was conducted during Rabi 2012-13 and 2013-14 to estimate the effect of scape removal, leaf knotting 4 weeks before harvest and leaf knotting 2 weeks before harvest on earliness, yield and bulb parameters of hardneck garlic cultivar 'PG-17' in north western plains of India. The removal of scapes has no effect on reduction in days to maturity, equatorial diameter of bulb, bulb weight, number of cloves per bulb and cured bulb yield as compared to control. The knotting of leaves 4 and 2 weeks before harvest advanced maturity by 12 and 6 days, respectively, over control. Leaf knotting 4 weeks before harvest significantly decreased equatorial diameter of bulb, bulb weight and cured bulb yield, whereas, leaf knotting 2 weeks before harvest caused non-significant reduction in equatorial diamter of bulb, bulb weight, number of cloves per bulb, 50-clove weight and cured bulb yield as compared to control. It is therefore advisable that the practice of leaf knotting may be omitted to save lobour charages, whereas the practice of scape removal in hardneck garlic cultivars should be exercised only after studying the response of that particular cultivar to scape removal.

2 tables, 5 ref

015236   Ganesan M D;Sepperumal U (Zoology P G and Research Dep, Periyar EVR College, Tiruchirapalli-620 023) : Biosurfactant production trait of Bacillus cereus isolated from mercury contaminated soil. Ann Biol Res 2016, 7(8), 13-25.

Release of heavy metals into the environment could be hazardous to the biota in soil. Microorganisms prevalent in heavy metal contaminated soil could be useful in decontaminating the soil. Biosurfactants are used in bioremediation of metal - contaminated soil. The application of biosurfactant producing bacteria for bioremediation of metal contaminated soil could be a promising approach. With this view, the present study was designed to tap the biosurfactant production potential of bacteria harbouring the metal contaminated soil. Bacteria were isolated from the mercury contaminated soil and their biosurfactant production potential was evaluated. Isolate No.3, 6 (500 mg/ L) and 8, 11, 17 and 19 (400 mg/ L and 500 mg/ L) were resistant to mercury at higher - 260 - concentrations. Among the bacteria, Bacillus cereus was identified to produce biosurfactant.

4 illus, 7 tables, 26 ref

015235   Gajera RR (NO, College of Food Processing Technology and Bio-energy Anand Agricultur, Anand, Gujarat) : Effect on juice quality of medicinal fruit bottle gourd during storage. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(4), 56-60.

Juice based on Bottle gourds (L. siceraria) was prepared using Aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.), Lemon (Citrus x limon) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) juices with 30 experimental combinations and optimized desired quality one. Optimized blend juice was hot filled at 85oC in 200 ml glass bottles, crown corked and were thermally processed in hot water. Processed juice bottles were kept for long term refrigerated storage. The quality of blend juice in terms of sensory, physicochemical and microbiological characteristics was evaluated during storage condition at 07 ± 02°C for 6 months. During storage, significant difference (P<60>0.05) was found in the sensory attributes of juice. No significant difference (P<62>0.05) was found in pH, acidity, TSS and total solids of the product during initial 2 month of storage however, significant effect (P<60>0.05) was observed in reducing sugars, non reducing sugars, ascorbic acid contents and microbiological counts during the storage. The total loss of ascorbic acid during storage was 20.10%. Total plate counts were not found more than 50 cfu mL^{-1 during entire storage. The product was acceptable and microbiologically safe at the end of the storage.}

6 tables, 23 ref

015234   Divya Rani V;Sudini H;Narayan Reddy P;Uma Devi G;Vijay Krishna Kumar K (NO, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural Univ, Hyderabad, Telangana) : Surey for the assessment of incidence of stem rot and collar rot diseases of groundnut in major groundnut growing areas of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states. Ann Biol Res 2016, 7(7), 6-8.

A survey was conducted in major groundnut growing areas of Andhra Pradesh during kharif 2012 and in Telangana during rabi 2012-13 respectively to assess the distribution and the incidence of collar rot and stem rot diseases. Groundnut cultivar Kadiri-6 (K-6) is the prominent cultivar in all the districts surveyed. The highest incidences of stem rot and collar rot were observed in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. Whereas, lowest incidences of stem rot and collar rot were observed in Mahaboobnagar and Warangal districts respectively.

1 table, 7 ref

015233   Diriba-Shiferaw G (Plant Science/Horticulture Dep, College of Agriculture & Environmenta, Arsi University, P.O. Box 193 Asella, Ethiopia, Email: dsphd2010@gmail.com) : Garlic nutrient management in Ethiopia. J Spices aromatic Crop 2016, 25(2), 91-103.

Main aim of this review is to provide an overview of the garlic crop productivity and its production management requirements like soil, climate and fertilization in general and specifically in Ethiopia, comparing them with current research trends and to indicate future benefits of soil nutrient management investigations. The application of balanced nutrients under optimum moisture availability in different soil types is an important crop management strategy, which may halp maximizing crop yield and quality. Also, lack of optimum nutrients and moisture in the soil has been the major bottlenecks of garlic production and productivity; since the crop has a very shallow root system that requires frequent irrigation and fertilization with different types of fertilizers under various soil types. Low soil fertility is one of the principal and pervasive constraints to garlic production in Ethiopia; thus, there are differences among soil types in yielding ability under different nutrients and soil characteristics. Most smallholder farmers in Ethiopia appreciate time according to the soil characteristics. These are because of high cost, lack of credit, delivery delays, and low and variable returns. In addition, the traditional organic inputs, like crop residues and animal manures, it cannot meet crop nutrient demand over large areas because of the limited quantities available, the low nutrient content of the materials, and the high labor demands for processing and application. However, it is possible to increase garlic crop yields through identification/selection of soil type and balanced nutrients application or searching for other nutrients sources beyond Urea and Diammonium phosphate especially in Ethiopian condition. Therefore, the integrated use of both the organic and inorganic fertilizers was felt as the best option to increase both yield potential and quality of garlic crop.

99 ref

015232   Devi P;Kanwar R S;Anil Kumar (Nematology Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: kanwarrambir@gmail.com) : Studies on population variation of Meloidogne graminicola using some weeds, forage and vegetable crops. Forage Res 0000, 42(2), 135-9.

On the basis of host reactions, variations in populations of Meloidogyne graminicola from Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Haryana and Punjab were studied. Experiment was conducted under screen house conditions, in half kg earthen pots, using autoclaved soil. Five hundred fresh eggs and second stage juveniles of each population were inoculated on 10-day-old plants. Forty-five days after inoculation, data were recorded on number of galls seedling, life cycle stages inside the galls, number of eggs per root system and soil population from each pot. All the plants, (pearl millet, sorghum, barnyard grass, chotti savank, badi savank, brinjal and rice), except tomato, were found susceptible to all the five populations of M. graminicola, although variation occurred in respect of number of galls as well as root and soil population. Developmental stages of nematode were also recorded in the roots of all the plants, except tomato. Thus, all the populations showed similar reactions on the tested plant species.

1 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref

015231   Dev A;Kurian A;Sankar M A (Plantation Crops and Spices Dep, College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur-680 656, Email: aswathypriyesh1@gmail.com) : Yield attributes and yield in somaclones of ginger (Zinginer officinale Rosc.). J Spices aromatic Crop 2016, 25(1), 49-55.

Twenty five somaclones derived from two induced polyploids (Z-0-78 and Z-0-86) and diploid cultivar 'Himachal Pradesh' were field evaluated and subjected to yield and yield attribute analyses. Somaclones were highly variable in the yield and yield attributes. Extent of variation was more in somaclones when compared to check varieties (Karthika and IISR-Varada) rather than parent cultivars (Z-0-78, Z-0-86 and HP). Somaclones derived from Z-0-86 recorded superiority in rhizome characters over those derived from 'Himachal Pradesh' and Z-0-78. About 92% of somaclones showed higher yield over parent cultivars while 84% of somaclones showed higher rhizome yield over check varieties. Somaclones derived from Z-0-86 alone recorded higher driage and dry yield.

2 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

015230   Deswal S;Yadav P;Tehlan S K (Vegetable Science Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: deswal.sumit07@gmail.com) : Growth, yield and seed quality influenced by Rhizobium inoculation in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). Forage Res 2017, 42(4), 248-51.

Ten genotypes of fenugreek with two sets of treatments (without Rhizobium and with Rhizobium inoculation) were subjected to assess the effect of Rhizobium inoculation on plant growth, yield and seed quality parameters. The field experimental site was located at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar between 29.15°N latitude, 75.69°E longitude with a mean altitude of 215 m above msl. Rhizobium inoculation positively influenced the plant height, pods per plant, seeds per pod, leaf yield and seed yield. Maximum growth and yield parameters were recorded with Rhizobium inoculation by genotypes HM-348 and HM-355. With Rhizobium inoculation maximum test weight, standard germination, vigour index-I and II and lowest electrical conductivity was recorded by genotype HM-348. Genotypes HM-348 and HM-355 were found superior in all growth and seed quality parameters with or without Rhizobium inoculation. While seed inoculation with Rhizobium culture positively and significantly improved all growth, yield and seed quality parameters in comparison to no seed inoculation.

2 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

015229   Deshmukh G;Hardaha M K;Sawarkar S D;Soni K; Alawa S L;Tiwari D K (NO, Jawaharlal Nehru Vishwa Vidyalaya, Zonal Agricultural Research Statio, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chhindwara-480 001, Email: gshyam1234@rediffmail.com) : Effect of scheduling drip irrigation on water use efficiency, yield attributes and yield of papaya (Carica papaya L.). Green Fmg 2017, 8(1), 147-50.

A field experiment was conducted for three consecutive years from 2011 to 2013 to study the effect of different irrigation scheduling through drip irrigation on papaya (Carica papaya Linn.) production in sandy loam soil. The experiment comprised of nine treatments under drip method of irrigation with combination of three irrigation regimes viz., 60%, 80% and 100% of cumulative pan evaporation (CPE), three different levels of fertilizer and conventional irrigation at 50 mm CPE as a control - 257 - treatment. Drip irrigation at 100% CPE significantly effective for mean plant height 251.2 cm at 180 days after transplanting, maximum mean fruit diameter 24.94 cm and length of fruit 27.68 cm was found in F₃ (100% fertilizer). The same treatment F₃ resulted significantly in the highest mean fruit yield of 122.9 t ha^{-1 over other treatments and control of 72.64 t ha-1. With regard to mean water use efficiency it was significantly maximum 1.79 t ha-1cm-1 in F₃ treatment receiving (100% fertilizer) compared to other treatments. The highest FUE of 32.56 kg per kg nutrient applied was found in I3 treatment over others. The treatment I₁F₃ indicated maximum water productivity (1911.91 Rs/mm) over control and other treatments. Drip irrigation at 100% CPE resulted in the highest mean B:C ratio of 3.17 in F₃ followed by F₁ (2.68) over other treatments and control of 1.86.}

5 tables, 16 ref

015228   Dehinwal A K;Pahuja S K;Shafiqurrahaman M (Genetics & Plant Breeding Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: ashokdehinwalccshau@gmail.com) : Environmental effect on sorghum fodder yield and its related traits. Forage Res 2016, 42(3), 189-94.

A study was made in Sorghum bicolor with line x tester (6 females x 4 males) to estimate the fodder yield and its component traits of different hybrids and parents under different environments. For this purpose, 24 specific cross combinations were developed by using 10 diverse parents during kharif season in 2014-15. These hybrids along with 10 parents and two standard checks (SSG 59-3 and MFSH 4) were evaluated at two locations (Hisar and Karnal) with early and late sowing during kharif season in 2015-16. The analysis of variance indicated the presence of variability among hybrids and their parents. Among male parents (HJ 541 and G 46), among female parents (467A and 56A) and crosses 467A x G 46 (222.1 g) and 465A x HJ 513 (220.8 g) showed higher green fodder yield on the basis of overall mean. This hybrid was also good for plant height (141.9 cm) and leaf length (81.7 cm). Other hybrids that showed better green fodder yield were 9A x IS 2389 (193.8 g), 56A x HJ 513 (190.0 g) and 31A x HJ 513 (185.9 g). Hybrid 56A x G 46 recorded higher leaf length (86.3 cm) and was also better for green fodder yield (178.3 g) and plant height (159.4 cm).

3 tables, 13 ref

015227   Deb S;Bharpoda T M (Entomology Dep, B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural Univ, Anand-388 110, Email: tmbharpoda@yahoo.com) : Field evaluation of biopesticides against Helicoverpa armigera (H.) hardwick in tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum mill. under middle Gujarat condition. Green Fmg 2017, 8(1), 188-93.

Investigations were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of biopesticides against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) Hardwick in tomato. The experiment was conducted during rabi season, 2012-13 and 2013-14 at College Agronomy Farm, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand. Among nine biopesticides, spinosad 45 SC @ 0.025 per cent proved to be most effective treatment by recording lower infestation of H. armigera in terms of egg (0.73/ 3 twigs), larvae (0.36/ 3 twigs), fruit damage (7.68%) with higher tomato fruit yield (179.50 q/ ha) and net realization (Rs. 65,120/ha) without interfering natural enemies followed by HaNPV @ 250 LE/ ha and Neemazal 5 EC @ 0.1%.

4 tables, 13 ref

015226   Datta M;Yadav G S;Chakraborty S (ICAR Researc Complex for NEH Region, Tripura Centre, Lembucherra-792 210, Email: gulab.iari@gmail.com) : Performances of groundnut varieties under sub-tropical climate of North East hilly agro-ecological region of India. Legume Res 2016, 39(2), 297-300.

North east hilly eco-region of India is characterized by highly undulating topography and fragile ecology. Here the cultivation of rice on upland and medium land is not a profitable venture to farmers. Therefore, to find out alternative crop with high yield potential cultivars a three year field study from 2008 to 2010 on agronomic evaluation of groundnut cultivars under sub-tropical climate of North East hilly Agro-ecological region was carried out. The experiment consists of fourteen groundnut cultivars (V₁-ICGS-76, V₂-GG-2, V₃-GG-13, V₄-TG 37 A, V₅-FeESG-10, V₆-FeESG-8, V₇-K-134, V₈-GG-6, V₉-SB XI, V₁₀-GG-11, V₁₁-KAUSHAL, V₁₂-GG-4, V₁₃-GG-2, V₁₄-GG-8) as treatment in randomized block design and replicated thrice. Results revealed that highest plant dry weight was produced by cultivar "KAUSHAL" (32.99 g/plant), while lowest was recorded with cultivar "FeESG-10" (16.32 g/plant). However, the highest numbers of pod (25.32) were observed with "ICGS-76". Cultivar GG-11 had produced highest pod and seed weight (34.80 g/plant and 20.62 g/plant, respectively) as compared to other cultivars, while lowest pod and seed weight (8.96 g/plant and 6.39 g/plant, respectively) with "FeESG-8". Maximum pod yield (2.06t/ha) was produced by GG-11 cultivars, although highest stover yield (2.37 t/ha) was produced in cultivar KAUSHAL. Cultivar GG-11 had also recorded highest shelling percentage. Therefore, it is suggested that GG-11 a better option for substituting the upland and medium land rice during kharif season for enhancing the farmer's income.

1 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

015225   Cissin J;Bhai R S;Vinitha K B;Babu K N; Anandaraj M (NO, ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Marikunnu P O, Kozhikode-673 012, Email: suseela@spices.res.in) : Cross species amplification of microsatellite loci from Phytophthora spp to assess genetic diversity among the Phytophthora isolates from black pepper. J Spices aromatic Crop 2016, 25(2), 104-12.

Phytophthora capsici is one of the most destructive pathogen of black pepper in India and the world over. Diversity of 114 Phytophthora isolates obtained from leaf, stem, root and soil of different agro climatic areas was studied using 25 SSR primers that were previously described. Twenty primers were successfully amplified. Of these, 15 were polymorphic among the Phytophthora isolates and altogether 37 loci were detected. Of the 37 bands generated from 20 primers, 75.67% were polymorphic. Cluster analysis using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages divided the isolates into seven major groups. The dendrogram generated showed that all the isolates were separated at similarity coefficient between 57-95%. Group 7 with a single isolate stood as an out group. Clustering did not follow the pattern of geographical origin or plant part from where the isolates were obtained.

1 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref

015224   Cherkupally R;Amballa H;Reddy B N (Botany Dep, KRR Govt Arts and Science College, Kodad, Telangana State) : In vitro antagonistic activity of Trichoderma and Penicillium species against Macrophomia Phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Ann Biol Res 2016, 7(9), 34-8.

A study was undertaken to evaluate the antagonistic activity of seven Trichoderma species, and two Penicillium species against brinjal root rot causing pathogen, Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid by dual culture plate technique under in vitro conditions. All the biocontrol agents showed considerable reduction in the growth of the pathogen. Among the seven Trichoderma species studied, Trichoderma harzianum showed maximum antagonistic activity of 77.77% followed by T. pseudokoningi 74.44%, T. koningi 72.22%, T. virens, T. viride, T. reesei - 255 - 70% each, T. atrovireide 66.66%, Penicillium islandicum 57.77% and P. aurantiogriseum 55.55%. The results of the present study suggest that T. harzianum has a highly antagonistic potential against the test pathogen.

2 tables, 27 ref

015223   Chattopadhyay N;Sunitha Devi S;John G; Choudhari V R (India Meterological Dep, , Pune-411 005, Email: nabansu.nc@gmail.com) : Occurence of hail storms and strategies to minimize its effect on crops. Mausam 2017, 68(1), 75-92.

Among the extreme weather events hailstorm in recent past caused significant crop damage across the country. In 2014 and 2015 unseasonal rains and hailstorms during March and April damaged rabi crops as well as horticultural crops extensively in many parts of the country. In this paper, a detailed analysis of occurrence of hailstorm in four homogenous regions of India during past 35 years from 1981 to 2015 has been made, to find out the climatological and favourable synoptic aspects associated with hailstorms so that timely issuing of warning and Agromet Advisories could minimize the crop damage/loss. Maximum hailstorms were observed to have occurred in Maharashtra (31 years) during the period of study with highest occurrence of 11 days during 24 February to 14 March, 2014. Also Maharashtra is more prone to hailstorms than other States in the country with maximum probability of occurrence (91-95%) while the probability of occurrence (6-10%) is least in Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Meghalaya, Sikkim and Nagaland. The significant synoptic situations associated with occurrence of hailstorms are found to be the north-south line of wind discontinuity causing convective activity and systems in westerlies. The information generated in this study was found to be very useful in minimizing crop loss through operational agromet services launched by the India Meteorological Department/Ministry of Earth Sciences in collaboration with the Agromet Field Units (AMFUs) located at State Agricultural Universities and institutes of ICAR and IITs under the project Gramin Krishi Mausam Sewa (GKMS).

7 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

015222   Chakraborti S;Senapati A (Agricultural Entomology Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252, Email: cssento@gmail.com) : Assessing potentiality of a safer approach to manage brinjal fruit and shoot borer. J ent Res 2016, 40(2), 161-8.

Effectiveness of a safer management strategy for brinjal fruit and shoot borer was assessed. It was compared with sustainable standard methods as well as treated - 254 - check (farmers' practice). The safer treatment was effective as well as economic. Refuge planting, repellent crops (coriander and holy basil) and pheromone traps were utilized in the study to deter arrival of the borer adults as well as its population establishment in the main field. Components like phytosanitation, trapping, net barrier and plant extracts reduced the field population density and subsequent damage of the pest as well as requirement of synthetic pesticides. The sustainable treatments closely followed the safer treatment (neem oil @ r ml/l at 30 and 35 days after transplanting (DAT) + and were also superior to treated check in terms of efficacy, safety and cost-benefit. Treated check with high quantity of synthetic pesticides was statistically at par with sustainable treatments in terms of damage and yield but adversely affected the natural enemies and visiting bees.

4 tables, 23 ref

015221   Bokan S C;Jadhav K M;Tiwar A R (NO, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, College of Agriculture, Parbhani-431 402, Email: sanjogbokan@gmail.com) : Bioefficacy of some insecticides against thrips and whitefly of chilli. J ent Res 2016, 40(1), 91-4.

Acetamiprid 20 SP @ 10 g/ha and spinosad 45 SC @ 135 g/ha, were found to be effective in reducing thrips and whitefly population in chilli. Acetamaprid 20 SP @ 10 g/ha also gave the highest yield (51.30 g/ha) followed by spinosad 45 SC @ 135 g/ha (48.40 q/ha).

2 tables, 4 ref

015220   Bhuiyan M S I;Raman A;Hodgkins D S (NO, Charles Sturt Univ, P O Box 883, NSW 2800, Australia, Email: araman@csu.edu.au) : Plants in remediating salinity-affected agricultural landscapes. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 2017, 83(1), 51-63.

Soil salinity is a widespread problem throughout the world. Salinization makes productive land unproductive. This problem can be addressed by non-plant based, environment-friendly (e.g., leaching of salts, chemical amelioration of soils, structural engineering modifications) and plant-based remediation (e.g., phytoremediation). Non-plant based remediation provides rapid outcomes. However, they have several inherent problems, viz., they are energy and cost intensive, need to be site specific, and are usually unsuitable in managing vast landscapes. In contrast, plant-based remediation, viz., phytoremediation, is a slower process, but is economical and environment-friendly. Phytoremediation is applied in areas that not only suffer salinity, but also in areas that include heavy-metal leachates such as mine areas and in landscapes that suffer sodicity. Further to improving soils by bringing them to near-natural conditions, phytoremediation, a worthwhile environment-friendly effort, provides many additional benefits such as improving nutrient availability in the restored soil. Keeping these in view, this article attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of salinity and its effect on plants, salinity-tolerance mechanisms in selected plants,various plant-based salinity remediation and management practices, such as phytoextraction, phytostabilization, phytotransformation, phytovolatilization, and rhizodegradation, and their contextual relevance. This overview while comprehensively summarizing the scientific bases in the historical and current developments in managing salinity-afflicted landscapes, should equip interested people in recruiting environmentally friendly management of salt-affected agricultural landscapes especially in developing nations.

5 tables, 136 ref

015219   Bhate M D;More D G;Bokan S C;Jadhav K M (NO, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, College of Agriculture, Parbhani-431 402, Email: mahadev.bhate@gmail.com) : Assessment of yield losses due to girdle beetle, Obereopsis brevis Gahan and stemfly, Melanagromyza phaseoli (Zehnt) on soybean. J ent Res 2016, 40(1), 73-6.

The losses caused by girdle beetle decreased with increasing crop age. At 10 per cent level of girdle beetle infestation the per cent yield losses observed - 253 - in no. of pod/plant were 3.75, 1.88, 0.30 & 0.12 per cent at 30, 37, 44 and 51 days after germination (DAG) respectively. Upto 10 per cent stem tunnelling caused by stemfly the losses observed in no. of pod/plant, no. of seed/plant and weight of seed/plant were 14.09, 22.71 and 34.16 per cent respectively.

7 tables, 6 ref

015218   Bhardwaj R L;Kumar D (Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Agricultural University, Sirohi-307 001, Email: rajubhardwaj3@gmail.com) : Effect of varying levels of nitrogen on growth, yield, quality and profitability of transplanted fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). J Spices aromatic Crop 0000, 25(2), 141-8.

Field experiments were conducted at two adjoining farmer's field in tribal area of district Sirohi (Rajasthan) during two successive seasons from July 2012 to March 2013 and July 2013 to March 2014 to study the impact of varied levels of nitrogen (60, 90, 120 & 150 kg N ha^{-1) on production, quality and profitability of transplanted fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Application of nitrogen @120 kg ha-1 recorded the highest stem girth, number of roots plant-1, root length, fresh weight of root and root: shoot ratio. The maximum value of number of umbels plant-1, umbellate umbel-1, number of seeds umbel-1, test weight, seed yield, straw yield, harvesting index was also reported in same treatment. Similarity, volatile and total oil content, soluble sugar, total carbohydrate and overall quality of seeds were also higher with application of 120 kg N ha-1, whereas, disease incidence significantly increased with application of higher dose of nitrogen (150 kg N ha-1). The maximum net return and highest benefit: cost ratio was also recorded with application of 120 kg N ha-1. However, some of the growth parameters (plant heignt, number of primary and secondary branches plant-1, number of leaves, fresh weight of shoot and duration of flowering, protein and nitrogen content in seed were more with 150 kg N ha-1.}

4 tables, 28 ref

015217   Bhardwaj R L (Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Agricultural University, Sirohi-307 001, Email: rajubhardwaj3@gmail.com) : Response of transplanted fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) to potassium fertilization. J Spices aromatic Crop 2016, 25(2), 149-58.

This study presents the results - 252 - of farmer's field experiment on the effects of potassium (K) fertilization on transplanted fennel (Foeniculum vulgare MIll.) production. Four treatments (K₁ = 20 kg K ha^{-1, K₂ = 40 kg K ha-1, K₃ = 60 kg K ha-1, K₄ = 80 kg K ha-1 were compared using four replications under Completely Randomized Design. Application of potassium @60 kg ha-1 recorded highest value of plant height primary branches plant-1, secondary branches plant-1, number of leaes, number of roots plant-1, tap root length, fresh weight of shoot, fresh weight of root and minimum root: shoot ratio. The maximum value of number of umbels plant-1, umbellate umbel-1, number of seeds umbel-1, test weight, seed yield, straw yield and harvest index was also observed in same treatment. All the quality parameters like, volatile and total oil eontent, soluble sugar, total carbohydrate, crude protein, potash content of seed and soil and overall quality of seeds were higher with application of 80 kg K ha-1, whereas disease incidence was significantly reduced with application of higher dose of K. The maximum gross return, net return and highest benefit: cost ratio was also recorded with application of 60 kg K ha-1.}

1 illus, 4 tables, 27 ref