019756   Brar R S;Jindal A R;Shukla F C (Department of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004) : Effect of chhana and paneer whey on the manufacturing time and loaf volume of bread. J Fd Sci Technol 2002, 39(6), 667-70.

The effects of chhana and paneer whey on manufacturing time and loaf volume of bread were studied. Wheys from five different sources were used at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 % levels on flour basis replacing water. Addition of whey reduced fermentation time (50%), remixing time (20%) and proofing time (10%). There was saving of 1 h 25 min of total manufacturing time of bread., Therefore, whey utilization helps in saving the time, electricity and the total cost of bread manufacture. It was found that there was no adverse efect on loaf volume of the bread when manufacturing time was reduced; substitution improved the loaf volume of bread. Maximum increase was obtained in case of pure baffalo milk whey and pure cow milk whey as compared to mixed milk whey. It was concluded that utilization of chhana and paneer whey reduced the bread manufacturing time and improved the loaf volume.

2 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

019755   Biswas P K;Chakraborty R;Choudhuri U R (Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032) : Effect of blending of soymilk with cow milk on sensory, textural and nutritional qualities of chhana analogue. J Fd Sci Technol 2002, 39(6), 702-4.

The possibility of blending cow milk with soy milk forgetting good quality chhana analogue has been examined. Heating of soythal in water (1:3, w/v) at 95°C for 25 min. was necessary to remove the beany flavour of the soymilk. Cow milk and soy milk up to a ratio of 30 : 70 had no adverse effect on the quality of chhana analogue with respect to flavour and hardness. The Chhana analogue prepared from the blend were found to have higher protein and lower fat and carbohydrate contents than the cow milk chhana.

Sc5 tables, 8 ref

019754   Bhargava A K;Tiwari A N (Metallurgical Engineering Dep, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur - 302 017) : Boron modified 17-7 PH stainless steel via rapid solidification processing. Trans Indian Inst Metals 2003, 56(1), 9-17.

Rapid quenching from the melt has been used to obtain an extended solid solubility of boron in commercial semiaustenitic 17-7 PH stainless steel. The resulted alloy ribbons exhibited improved hardness over their commercial precipitation hardening (PH) stainless steel counterpart at room temperature. Based on isochronal ageing, boron has been found to accelerate the kinetics of precipitation and improved microhardness substantially. The microstructural features present in the as-spun ribbons have been evaluated by combination of X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. SEM analysis reveals a considerable refinement in microsegregation pattern with increasing boron concentration. TEM reveals a boride precipitate in the interdendritic areas.

6 illus, 4 tables, 19 ref

019753   Bera D;Lahiri D;Nag A (Rural Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur) : Kinetic studies on bleaching of edible oil using charred sawdust as an adsorbent. Indian chem Engr 2003, 45(2), 119-22.

A new and low cost adsorbent (charred sawdust) has been used for the purification of edible oils. The maximum colouring matter adsorbed Γ^m_p (mg/m²) on sawdust has been calculated. The change in free energy due to adsorption of colouring matter from the bulk to the interface of the sawdust has been presented. The thermodynamicc parameters such as the activation energy, enthalpy and entropy were calculated on the basis of Arrhenius equation.

3 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref

018747   The Procter & Gamble company (NO, , One Procter & Gamble Plaza, Cincinnati, Ohio-45202, USA) : Detergent composition. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018746   Standard Oil Company (NO, , 200 Public Square, Cleveland, Ohio 44114-2375, USA) : Apparatus for carrying out an endothermic reaction. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018745   Rohm and Haas Companay (NO, , 100 Independence Mail West, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106-2399, USA) : Thickened aqueous composition and a method for preparation thereof. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018744   Rentech, Inc (NO, , 1624 Market Street, Suite 300A, Denver, Colorlado 80202, USA) : Process for preparing high molecular weight/hydrocarbons and a device to carry-out the same. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018743   Nicholas Piramal India Ltd (NO, , 100 Centerpoint, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Parel, Mumbai-400 012) : Improved method of isolating 3-[1[[4[(6-methoxy-8-quinolyl)-amino] pentyl] amino]ethylidene]-dihydro-2(3H)furanone. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018742   Nicholas Piramal India Ltd (NO, , 100 Centrepoint, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Parel, Mumbai-400 012) : Method of extracting gum resins using oils from natural sources. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018741   Nicholas Piramal India Ltd (NO, , 100 Centerpoint, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Parel, Mumbai-400 012) : Improved method of preparing glucosamine hydrochloride. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018740   Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation (NO, , 5-2, Marunouchi 2-Chome, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 100 Japan) : Process for producing an aromatic carboxylic acid. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018739   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : Hot rolling oil composition useful for hot rolling operation of steel. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018738   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : Process for preparation of celllose cement composite building material. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018737   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : Improved process for the preparation of petroleum based impregnating type electrode pitch. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018736   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : Improved process for hydrothermal preparation of electronic grade potassium silicate from rice husk ash. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018735   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : Improved process for the pre paration of polymer containing metal composite materials. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018734   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : Improved gas sensor for determining the concentration of ammonia. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018733   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : Process for the preparation of high silica sodium aluminosilicate. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018732   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : Process of the production of nano-sized neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet alloy powder. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018731   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : Improved process for the preparation of ethyline, ethane and higher hydrocarbon. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018730   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : Improved process for the preparation of ethylene and higher olefins, using the improved supported catalyst. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018729   Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : Improved synergistic composition useful as a protective coating for pipelines and steel structures. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018728   Corning Incorporated (NO, , Houghton Park, Corning, New York 14831, USA) : Apparatus for coating optical waveguide fibres. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018727   Chief Controller (NO, , Defence Research and Development Organisation, Sena Bhawan, Ministry of Defence, Goverment of India, New Delhi) : Method for improving surface properties of a metal/alloy implant. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018726   Bombay Drugs & Pharmas Lsatd (NO, , Nair Baug Akurli Road, Kandivli (E), Mumbai-400 001) : Novel process for the preparation of 3'chloropropiophenone. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018725   Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (NO, , BHEL House, Siri Fort, New Delhi-110 049) : Process of preparing a high energy dense quasi-liquid fuel from low rank coals. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

018724   Yajiang LI;Juan W;Peng LIU (NO, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding Production Technology, Har, Harbin-150 001, P.R. China) : First structure in the inter-critical heat-affected zone of HQ130 super-high strength steel. Bull Mater Sci 2003, 26(2), 272-8.

The microstructure in the inter-critical heat-affected zone (ICHAZ) of HQ130 steel, has been investigated by thermo-simulation test, SEM and TEM. The problem of toughness decrease in the ICHAZ (T_p=800°C) as well as the effect of M-A constituent and carbide precipitation on brittleness was analysed. The test results indicated that the microstructure in the ICHAZ of HQ130 steel was mostly a mixture of lath martensite (ML) and granular bainite (Bg) with a fine but nonuniform grain structure. The cause of brittleness in teh ICHAZ was related to production of the M-A constituent in the local region and carbide precipitation. By controlling the welding heat input carbide precipitation and the formation of the M-A constituent can be avoided or decreased.

4 illus, 5 tables, 5 ref

018723   Tripathi H S;Mukherjee B;Das S K;Ghosh A; Banerjee G (Reractories Division Dep, Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata-700 032) : Effect of sillimanite beach sand composition on mullitization and properties of Al₂O₃-SiO₂ system. Bull Mater Sci 2003, 26(2), 217-20.

Mullite was developed by reaction sintering of sillimanite beach sand and calcined alumina. Two varieties of sillimanite beach sand viz. S and Z having different compositions were selected. Synthesis and properties of mullite were very much dependent on the sillimanite beach sand composition. Presenece ofhigher amount of impurities in the Z-variety increases the hardness and fracture toughness. Alumina addition improves the mechanical/thermomechanical properties of the samples. Mullite retains the usual orthorhombic habit of sillimanite. Rounded to sub rounded zirconia dispersed within the mullite matrix of the sample ZA is noticed.

4 illus, 2 tables, 5 ref

018722   Sree Rekha P S;Alur M D;Venugopal V (Food Technology Dep, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400 094) : A process for convenient production of hygienic fish sauce by lactic acid fermentation of shark meat gel. Fish Technol 2002, 39(2), 124-8.

A process is described to prepare hygienci sauce form shark meat by lactic acid fermentation. Whole shark (Scoliodon laticaudus) was eviscerated, beheaded and deboned. The meat pieces were soaked overnight in cold water, drained, homogenized in water and converted into a gel by lowering the pH to 3.5 by acetic acid. The gel was fermented by Lactobacillus casei for 3 days at 30°C. Fermentation was monitored by measuring growth of the organism, pH fall and utilization of carbohydrates. Teh product ws characaterized by sour taste and negligible fishy odour. Since the shark meat gel has a refrigerated shelf life of 2 months, teh process helps in convenient preparation of sauce.

6 illus, 16 ref

018721   Siddappaji S;Prabhu R M (Fish Processing Technology Dep, College of Fisheries, University of Agricultural Sciences, Manglore-575 002) : Development of fish ham from red meat of tuna (Euthynnus affinis). Fish Technol 2002, 39(2), 120-3.

A method was developed for hte preparation of "fish ham" from the red meat of tuna (Euthynnus affinis). Preparation of fish ham involves two steps. In the first step, meat of croaker (Jhonius sp.) and pink perch (Nemipterus japonicus) was separated, mixed and ground into a paste with required additives. In the second step, red meat of tuna was filleted, cut into cubes adn its colour was fixed by curing in 0.0% sodium nitrite, 0.05% ascorbi acid, 0.01% sodium tripolyphosphate, 2% slalt and 1.5% sugar mixture and stored in anaerobic condition at 2°C for 48 h. Finally, fish paste and cured red meat cubes of tuna were mixed in the ratio of 60:40 and packed into krehalon casing, sealed and inserted into the metallic box type retainers and heat processed at 88-90°C for 105 min and cooled at 10°C for 20 min. Acceptability of fish ham was studied by chemical, microbiological and organoleptic tests. The product had excellent appearance, taste and texture. At ambient conditions the product had a shelf life of 6 days at refrigerated condition 42 days.

1 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

018720   Ramanarayan H;Abinandanan T A (Metallurgy Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012) : Spinodal decomposition in fine grained materials. Bull Mater Sci 2003, 26(1), 189-92.

A phase field model was used to study spinodal decomposition by polycrystalline materials in which the grain size is of the same order of magniturede as the charcterstic decomposition wavelength (λ_SD). In the spirit of phase field models, each grain in the model has an order parameter (η_i) associated with it; η_i has a value of unity inside the ith grain, decrease smoothly through the grain boundary region to zero outside the grain. For a symmetric alloy of compsition, c=0.5, results show that microstructural evolution depends largely on the difference in the grain boundary energies, γ_gb, of rich (α) and B-rich (β) phases. If γ^a_gb is lower, it was found that the decomposition process is initiated with an α layer being formed at the grain boundary. If the grain size is sufficiently small (about the same as λ_SD), the interior of the grain is filled with the β phase. If the grain size is large (say, about 10λ_SD or greater), the early stage microstructure exhibits an A-rich grain boundary layer followed by a B-rich layer; the grain interior exhibits a spinodally decomposed microstructure, evolving slowly. Further, grain growth is suppressed completely during the decomposition process.

3 illus, 10 ref

018719   Pachauri M;Upadhyay S K (Chem Dep, HBTI, Kanpur-208 002) : Kinetics fo Ru III catalysed polymerization of methylmethacrylate by aliphatic amines in presence of carbontetrachloride. Indian J chem Technol 2003, 10(4), 402-7.

The kinetics of ruthenium(III) catalysed polymerization of methylmethacrylate(MMA) with aliphatic amines viz. ethylamine, diethylamine and triethylamine has been investigated in presence of carbontetrachloride in dimethylsulphoxide medium cmploying a dilatometric technique at 60°C. The rate of polymerization of MMA (R_b) is a function of [MMA]. [amine], [CCI₄] [Ru^III]. In absence of either CCI₄ or amine no polymerization of MMA was observed under the experimental conditions. The polymerization (R_p) was inhibited by hydroquinone suggesting a free radical mechanism. A mechanism involving the participation of charge transfer complex formed between {amine-Ru^III} complex and CCI₄ for the initiation of polymerization has been proposed.

6 illus, 4 tables, 21 ref

018718   Neethiselvan N;Jasmine G I;Jeyassekeran G (NO, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukkudi-628 008) : Lactic acid fermentation of minced meat of Leiognathus splendens (cuvier, 1829) using different bacterial sources. Fish Technol 2002, 39(2), 129-36.

Fermentation of minced meat of silverbelly Leiognathus splendens (Cuvier, 1829) using three different lactic acid bacterial sources viz. pure culture of Lactobacillus plantarum fermented cabbage and curd revealed fermented cabbage as the ideal source of lactic acid bacteria for the preservation of fish meat through lactic acid fermentation. 48h fermented cabbage could bring down the pH of the minced meat mixture took nearly 84h to reach the same pH. Fermented cabbage can also be easily prepared and maintained for fermenting fish meat on commercial scale. Free suagr, lactic acid content, NPN, TVBN and lactic acid bacterial count were found to be good indices of quality of the fermented product under storage.

5 illus, 3 tables, 30 ref

018717   Menek N;Topcu S (Chem Dep, Ondokuz Mayis University, Sciences and Arts Faculty, 55139 Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey) : Electrochemical behaviour of 5-methyl-(2-thiazolylazo)-resorcinol. Bull Electrochem 2003, 19(3), 133-7.

The electrochemical reduction of 5-Methyl-(2-Thiazolylazo)-Resorcinol (5-Me-TAR) was studied in 30% ethanol/water mixture having various pH values using square wave voltammetry (SWV), differential pulse polarography (DPP), sampled d.c. polargraphy (SCP) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Three straight lines were obtained from E_ppH plots for the compound. The pK_a values of the dye were obtained as 6.50 and 10.99. The reduction behaviour of 5-MeTAR is explained in acidic, neutral and alkaline media and a reaction mechanism has been suggested.

5 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

018716   Khandelwal R C;Chowdhary S;Madhwani S;Singh S (Chem Dep, B.N. Post Graduate College, Udaipur-313 001) : Use of eosin-edta system in a photogalvanic cell for solar energy conversion. Int J chem Sci 2003, 1(1), 57-66.

A photogalvanic cell containing eosin as photosensitizer and EDTA as a reductant was investigated for solar energy conversion. Maximum photocurrent and photopotential generated by this cell were 16 μA and 560 mV, respectively. The effect of various parameters on the power output of the cell was studied. Current voltage (i-V) characteristics of the cell was also examined and a tentative mechanism for the generation of photocurrent in the photogalvanic cell has been proposed.

9 tables, 16 ref

018715   Jiang Y;Hu M;Meng M;Gao S;Xia S (The Institute of Salt Lake, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710043, P R China) : Investigation on the equilibrium solubility of cesium chloride-hydrochloric acid-water ternary system and the application. Indian J chem Technol 2003, 10(4), 391-5.

Equilibrium solubility of cesium chloride-hydrochloric acid-water system is measured in the temperature range of -24 to 50°C. Based on this data and the solubility data of the cesium chloride-water system available in the literature, a simple and practical method for preparation and purification of cesium chloride is presented. A rapid and sensitive analytical system employing atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) convenient to monitor the quality of the products is also described.

3 illus, 4 tables, 8 ref

018714   Jain M P;Sama J K;Jain S M;Sharma V K;Baldev Singh (Regional Research Laboratory, , Canal Road, Jammu-180 001) : An improved method for the recovery of essential oil from celery seeds. Indian J chem Technol 2003, 10(4), 370-2.

Celery, apium graveolens L is cultivated for its seeds and essential oil. An imporved method has been developed for maximum yield of essential oil with higher content of phthalides (the valuable constituent of oil), in short time, making the process economical. The method involves hydrodistillation using electric, microwave as well as steam heating. Effect of addition of salt was also studied. Microwave contributed saving in energy, but did not improve yield.

2 tables, 3 ref

018713   Indrajeet Singh;Srisvastava A;Varma I K (Chem Dep, C C R (P G) College, Muzaffarnagar) : Thermal behaviour of bismaleimides, allyl nadic-imides and their blends. Indian J chem Technol 2003, 10(4), 408-13.

Synthesis and characterisation of bis(4-maleimidophenyl) sulphone (B) and its Mechael adducts E and F, prepared by reacting 1 mol of B with 0.33 mols of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether and 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl) fluorene is described. Curing characteristics of these resins and bis(4-allyl nadicimidophenyl) methane (S) and 1,6-diallylnadicimidohexane (V) were studied in static air atmosphere by differential scanning calorimetry. Curing temperatures depended on the structure of the resins and highest curing temperatures were observed in S and V samples. Thermal behaviour of blends of B, E, and F with S and V resins was studied as a function of blends composition. Thermogravimetric analysis of cured resin blends showed an improvement in thermal stability.

5 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

018712   Daspoddar D;Das S K;Daspoddar P K (Refractories Division Dep, Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata-700 032) : Effect of silica sol of different routes on the properties of low cement castables. Bull Mater Sci 2003, 26(2), 227-31.

Silica sols synthesized through different routes viz. inorganic, organic and ion-exchange routes, have been incorported in the low cement alunina castable composition in various proportions and cast samples in the form of 2 inch cube briquettes were prepared. The cast briquettes after curing were subjected to heat treatment at various temperatures. The effect of different sources of such sols on the important physico-mechanical properties of the castables such as bulk density, apparent porosity, compressive strength, volume shrinkage and residual strength after spalling have been studied. Some of the selected samples were also subjected to microstructural evaluation. It is observed that silica sol synthesized through cation exchange routes has significant beneficial role on the properties of castable with 3% adddition.

2 illus, 5 tables, 22 ref

018711   Bindu J;Gopal T K S;Joseph A C;Nair T S U; Joseph K G (NO, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri P.O, Cochin-682 029) : Effect of vacuum packaging on the shelf life of fried mussel, Perna viridis. (linnaeus) in flexible packaging material. Fish Technol 2002, 39(2), 137-41.

A method for preservation of fried mussel, Perna viridis (Linnaeus) at ambient temperature was developed. Live mussels from rocky structures of the North Kerala waters were collected, and the meat shuked from them was used for preparation of samples. The cleaned meat was deep-fried in refined vegetable oil at 170-180°C for 6 minutes in an electric fryer. Roasted condiments were added to fried mussel meat and was packed under vacuum and in air in flexible pouches made of 12 μ plain polyester laminated with 118 μ LD-HD co-extruded films. The samples packed under vacuum had a storage life of 9 months and those packed in air were acceptable for a period of 6 months.

6 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

018710   Bhattacharyya S;Abinandanan T A (Metallurgy Dep, Indian Institute of Scinece, Bangalore-560 012) : A study of phase separation in ternary alloys. Bull Mater Sci 2003, 26(1), 193-7.

The evolution of microstructure when a disordered ternary alloy is quenched into a ternary miscibiliyt gap. Computer simulations were used based on multicomponent Cahn-Hilliard (CH) was equaions for c_A and c_B, the compositions (in mole fraction) of A and B, respectively. Results on the effect of relative interfacial energies on the temporal evolution of morphologies during spinodal phase separation of an alloy with average composition, c_A=1/4, c_B=1/4 and c_C=1/2. Interfacial energies between the 'A' rich, 'B' rich and 'C' rich phases are varied by changing the gradient have been presented energy coefficients. The phases associated with a higher interfacial energy are found to be more rounded than those with lower energy. Further, the kinetic paths (i.e.the history of A-rich, B-rich and C-rich regions in the microstructure) are also affected significantly by the relative interfacial energies of the three phases.

4 illus, 1 tables, 19 ref

018709   Basavaiah K;Charan V S (Chem Dep, Univ of Mysore, Mysore-570 006) : Precipitation and complex formation reactions based titrimetric and spectrophotometric methods for the determination of diphenhydramine hydrochloride. Indian J chem Technol 2003, 10(4), 382-5.

Two simple, accurate and selective methods for the determination of diphenhydramine in pharmaceutical grade sample and in dosage forms are described. The titrimetric method is based ont the precipitation of the chloride content of the drug as AgCl with a known excess of silver nitrate and back titration of the residual silver nitrate with thiocyanate using iron(III) as indicator. The reaction stoichiometry and the range of determination have been evaluated. The spectrophotometric method involves the displacement of thiocyanate of mercuric thiocyanate from the ionized chloride and the subsequent reaction of the liberated thiocyanate with iron(III) to form the familiar red coloured complex, Fe(SCN)²⁺ which is measured spectrophotometrically at 460 nm. The Beer's law is obeyed over the range 5-45 μg mL^-1 of diphenydramine HCL, the molar absorptivity and Sandell sensitivity being 3.45 x 10³ L MoL^-1 cm^-1 and 84.5 ng cm^-2, respectively at 460 nm. The reaction variables have been optimized. The methods have been found to be very simple, cost-effective and reliable for three dosage form containing diphenhydramine hydrochloride.

1 illus, 2 tables, 30 ref

018708   Barshilia H C;Rajam K S (Surface Engineering Division Dep, National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore-560 017) : Deposition of TiN/CrN hard superlattices by reactive d.c. magnetron sputtering. Bull Mater Sci 2003, 26(2), 233-7.

Multilayer superlattice coatings of TiN/CrN were deposited on silicon substrates using a reactive d.c. magnetron sputtering process. Superlattice period, also known as modulation wavelength (A), was controlled by controlling the dwell time of the substrate underneath Ti and Cr targets. X-ray diffraction (XRD), nanoindentation and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the films. The XRD data showed 1st and 2nd order satellite reflections along the principal reflection for films having 132 A ≤Λ≤84 A, thus confirming the formation of superlattice. The multilayer coatings exhibited hardness (H) as high as 3200 kg/mm², which is 2 times the rule-of-mixtures value (i.e.H_TiN=2200 kg/mm₂ and H_{CrN=1000 kg/mm2). Detailed investigations on the effects of various process parameters indicated that hardness of the superlattice coatings was affected not only by modulation wavelength but also nitrogen partial pressure and ion baombardment during deposition.}

4 illus, 10 ref

018707   Akilan P;Thirumavalavan M;Kandaswamy M (Dep of Inorganic Chem, Univ of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025) : Synthesis and spectral studies of macrocyclic mono- and binuclear gadolinium(III) complexes derived from schiffs bases. Indian J chem Technol 2003, 10(4), 363-6.

A series of mono and binuclear Gadolinium(III) macrocyclic complexes have been prepared by the condensation of schiffs bases with the precursor compound 4,4'-dimethyl (2,2'-diformyl-6,6'-piperazine-1,4-di-yl-methylene)bis phenol in template method. all the binuclear complexes have been prepared in situ from their corresponding mononuclear complexes without isolation. the phenolate oxygen atom of the binucleating ligands behaves as a bridging group between to meatals. The complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, NMR, UV spectra. The ESR spectral study was carried out for some complexes. The results of elemental analysis of the complexes are in good agreement with the theoretical value. Conductivity studies reveal that all the complexes are neutral.

2 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

001010   Yuhan Corporation (NO, , 49-6, Taebang-dong, Tongjak-ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea) : Process for preparation of a novel pyrimidine derivatives. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

001009   Urea Casale Sa (NO, , VIA Sorengo 7 Ch 6900 Lugano-Besso Switzerland) : Reactor for two-phase reactions, in particular for urea synthesis at high pressure and temperature. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

001008   The Procter & Gamble Company (NO, , One Procter & Gamble Plaza, Cincinnati, State of Ohio 45202, USA) : Process for producing a particulate detergent material. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

001007   Sumitomo Chemical Company Limited (NO, , 5-33, Kitahama 4-Chome Chuo-Ku, Osaka 541-8550 Japan) : Method for producing optically active chrysanthemic acid. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

001006   Southern Petrochemical Industries Corporation Limited (NO, , 97 Mount Road, Madras-600 032) : Process for the preparation of water soluble polymers for use in the inhibition of scale formation and the dispersion of iron oxide in aqueous systems. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).