017851   Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001, India) : An improved coating composition useful for corrosion protection of reinforcing and prestressing steel. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

017850   Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (NO, , Rafi Marg, New Delhi-110 001) : An improved process for the preparation of transparent silica glass. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

017849   Brose Fahrzeugteile GMBH and Co (NO, , 96450 Coburg, Germany) : Pane guide for a spherically curved window pane which can be lowered in a vehicle door. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

017848   BP Chemicals Limited (NO, , Belgrave House, 76 Buckingham Palace Road, London Swiw Osu, England) : Process for preparing a shell impregnated catalyst. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

017847   Biocon India Limited (NO, , 20th K.M. Hosur Road Hebba godi-561 229) : An improved process for the preparation of puree/paste concentrate. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

017846   Basf Aktiengesellschaft (NO, , 67056 Ludwigshafen, Federal Republic of Germany) : Process for preparing N-substituted 3-hydroxypyrazole. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

017845   Aradigm Corporation (NO, , Incorporated in the State of California, USA, of 26219 Eden Landing Road, Hayward, California 94545, USA) : Disposable package for use in aerosolized delivery of a flowable formulation. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

017844   Allied-Signal Inc (NO, , Columbia Road and Park Avenue, Morris Township, Morris Country, New Jersey 07962; The United States of America) : Process for making a metallic alloy. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

017843   Adalbert-Raps-Stiftung (NO, , Adalber-Raps-Strasse 1, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany) : Process for producing a pulverulent product from a liquid substance or mixture of substances. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

017842   Yang W;Ni Y (NO, , ) : Oxygen formation during peroxide bleaching of a thermomechanical pulp and its relationship to bleaching performance. IPPTA Jl 2000, 12(3), 1-7.

Hydrogen peroxide decomposition during peroxide treatment of a TMP has been determined by following oxygen formation. Such information allows the calculation of the total hydrogen peroxide consumption between peroxide consumed in pulp oxidation and that consumed in decomposition. A comparison of mill chelated and well chelated pulps was made with respect to oxygen formation and its effect on the bleaching performance. The results support the conclusion that in addition to less peroxide available for pulp oxidation, the transition metal ion induced peroxide decomposition leads to the generation of new chromophores induced by reactive species formed during the decomposition reactions.

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017841   Vaish A K;Goswami N G;Biswas P K;Minz R K; Humane M M;Sivaramakrishnan C S;Ramachandra Rao p (NO, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur-831 007) : Ancient iron making in India - historical perspective, technological aspects and future prospects. NML tech J 1999, 41(4), 183-93.

Discusses the historical perspectives, and technological considerations to make the ancient process of iron making economically viable and efficient.

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017840   Singh T B (NO, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur-831 007) : Role of additives on the corrosion behaviour of nickel in 5% sulphuric acid. NML tech J 1999, 41(4), 171-6.

Effect of various additives on the corrosion behaviour of nickel in sulphuric acid has been studied using potential measurement and potentiostatic methods. The potential of nickel was measured with respect to time as well as at different concentrations of Hg²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, NO^3- and picric acid. Attempts have been made to analyse the electrolytic adsorption characteristics of above ionic species through measurement of C/ΔE vs C (where, C is concentration of cation or anion under study and ΔE is the change of potential). A monolayer Langmuir adsorption isotherm was observed to form in most of the cases. Potentiostatic polarization curves indicated that mercury and copper ions inhibited the corrosion of nickel in sulphuric acid. The addition of Hg(II) and Cu(II), shifted the passivation potential in the noble direction and critical current density was many fold lower than the critical current density in absence of additives.

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017839   Shukla N;Jain V (Department of Horticulture, India Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur-492 012) : Evaluation of south India mango varieties for processing of beverages as nectar. J agric Issues 2000, 5(1-2), 1-3.

Studies four South Indian Mango varieties viz. Banganapali, Totapuri, Sindhuri and Kurkkan (Polyembryonic cv.) to prepare the nectar drink. The maximum pulp (73.20%) was found in cv. Totapuri followed by Sinduri (61.30%). As regard consumer perference the variety totapuri attained the maximum score of 8.4 followed by 6.6 of Kurkkan (assessed on the basis of organoleptic score). Storage of the nectar reduced ascorbic acid (Vitamin `C') while reducing sugars increased. Total soluble solid solid and acidity had no effect on storage. The organolaptic test indicated that the aceptable limit of mango nectar is upto four from the date of its preparation.

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017838   Saha A K (NO, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur-831 007) : Chemical upgrading of deep sea manganese nodules. NML tech J 1999, 41(4), 177-82.

Studies were carried out on deep-sea manganese nodules to enrich nickel, copper and cobalt values in the pre-concentrate using alkali pressure leaching route. The different process parameters studied involve alkali strength, leaching time and temperature, oxygen pressure and slurry pulp density. This process is capable of producing a pre-concentrate which is 60% of the dry nodule's weight analysing 1.5% nickel, 1.35% Cu and 0.15% cobalt recovering more than 99% nickel and 100% copper and coblat in the pre-concentrate.

017837   Kulshreshtha A K (IPCL, , Vadodara-391 345) : Processability enhancements of metallocene plastics. Pop Plast Packag 2001, 46(5), 69-70.

017836   Kokare S R;Pawar S A;Padal N T;Joshi P B (Department of Physics (Applied Electronics), Centre for P.G. Studies, Shivaji University, Solapur-413 003) : Studies on compensating valency substituted BaTi_1-x) Mn_x/2 Nb_x/2O₃ ceramics. Bull Mater Sci 2001, 24(2), 243-8.

Reports investigations of relative permittivity, ε_r, electrical conductivity, σ, saturation polarization, P_s, infrared absorption and structural properties of compensating valency substituted BaTiO₃. The compositions investigated are BaTi_1-xMn_x/2Nb_x/2O₃ for x = 0.00; 0.025; 0.05; 0.2; 0.4. The compositions for x <60> 0.1 are observed to be ferroelectric and the transition temperature and value of ε_r are observed to decrease as concentration of substitution in increased. The dielectric investigations are carried out on two sets of sample (i) as sintered and (ii) annealed. Annealing is observed to improve quality factor `Q' of the materials with a consequent reduction in the ε_r. The observations on ε_r and saturation polarization suggest that additional material engineering efforts are required to improve the material properties.

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017835   Jayaraman K;Noel M (NO, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi-630 006) : Recent developments in the synthesis of perfluoro organic compounds by Simons process of electrochemical perfluorination. Bull Electrochem 2001, 17(5), 227-38.

Simons process remains to be the most versatile electrochemical fluorination process while mild fluorination method appears to be promising. A wealth of literature is available on the synthetic aspects of Simons process. Several leading companies in the world are utilising Simons proces for the production of commercially important fluoro organic chemicals. R and D groups in both academic and corporate sector are active in pursuing efforts to increase the synthetic scope of Simons process. With the advantage of the use of simple equipments, mild reaction conditions, use of the `clean' electrical power as the reagent for effecting chemical transformation, Simons process of electrochemical perfluorination process is and will remain to be a useful industrial method for electrochemical perfuorination of organics. Future research in this process should be directed towards further understanding of the role of nickel electrodes in e.c.f. enhancing the synthetic scope of the process, improving the product selectivities by controlling the reaction parameters, introducing improved cell designs and examining the possibilities of synthesis of partially fluorinated products using this process.

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017834   Jain A K;Sharma S K;Singh D (NO, School of Energy Studies for Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural Universi, Ludhiana-141 004) : Designing and performance characteristics of a throatless paddy husk gasifier. J agric Issues 2000, 5(1-2), 57-67.

A down draft throatless gasifier for gasification of paddy husk was designed and fabricated using the kinetic model. The gasifier system had a gasifier reactor, gas cleaning unit comprising of a water scrubber and dry filter. Design methodology used are discussed in the paper. The performance of gasifier was later used in evaluation study. Ten experiments were performed with specific gasification rate (SGR) varying from 110 to 240 kg h^-1M^-2. It was observed that the gasifier performance was the best, in terms of gasification efficiency (69%), at SGR of 190 kg h^-1M^-2.

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017833   Goswami M C (NO, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur-831 007) : On the strength and reduction characteristics of fluxed composite iron ore pellets. NML tech J 1999, 41(4), 163-70.

Fluxed composite iron ore pellets are prepared from the mixture of iron ore fines (blue dust), lime powder and non-coking coal fines taken in various ratios by their mass content. These pellets are oven dried at 393K and then pre-reduced in reducing atmosphere at temperatures ranging between 1173 and 1373K. The physical characteristics such as green strength of the pellets in terms of drop impact strength and the reduction behaviour of the pellets at suitable temperatures are found to be quite satisfactory inspite of the presence of stoichiometric proportion of non-coking coal fines within the pellets. Reduction characteristics of the pellets are explained through SEM micrographs. The pellets show the tendency to fuse partially at the reduction temperatures. The improved physico-chemical characteristics like the improvement in the strength after reduction and the better reduction properties might be making the pre-reduced pellets suitable for their further utilization in smelting reduction processes.

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017832   Dutta S (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John Glenn Research Cen, , Cleveland, Ohio-44135, USA) : Fracture toughness and reliability in high-temperature structural ceramics and composites: prospects and challenges for the 21st century. Bull Mater Sci 2001, 24(2), 117-20.

Importance of high fracture toughness and reliability in Si₃N₄, and SiC-based structural ceramics and ceramic matrix composites is reviewed. The potential of these ceramics and ceramic matrix composites for high temperature applications in defence and aerospace applications such as gas turbine engines, radomes, and other energy conversion hardware have been well recognized. Numerous investigations were pursued to improve fracture toughness and reliability by incorporating various reinforcements such as particulate-, whisker-, and continuous fibre into Si₃N₄ and SiC matrices. All toughening mechanisms, e.g. crack deflection, crack branching, crack bridging, etc essentially redistribute stresses at the crack tip and increase the energy needed to propagate a crack through the composite material, thereby resulting in improved fracture toughness and reliability. Because of flaw insensitivity, continuous fibre reinforced ceramic composite (CFCC) was found to have the highest potential for higher operating temperature and longer service conditions. However, the ceramic fibres should display sufficient high temperature strength and creep resistance at service temperatures above 1000°C. The greatest challenge to date is the development of high quality ceramic fibres with associate coatings able to maintain their high strength in oxidizing environment at high temperature....

017831   Bhatnagar M S (NO, , 15 Negi Road, Dehradun) : Additivies for polymers(II). Pop Plast Packag 2001, 46(5), 71-3, 75.

017830   Basu D;Sarkar B K (NO, Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata-700 032) : Effect of zirconia addition on the fatigue behaviour of fine grained alumina. Bull Mater Sci 2001, 24(2), 101-4.

The fatigue behaviour of fine grained Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂ toughened Al₂O₃ (ZTA) compositions with 15 vol% ZrO₂ (3 mol% Y₂O₃ stabilized: 3Y TZP) have been investigated by using three different techniques. Primarily 4-point bending load was employed to generate tension-tension fatigue data under both static and cyclic conditions. The results clearly showed that the materials were susceptible to both the static and cyclic fatigue and the time to failure under cyclic loading was considerably shorter than the equivalent static loads. The repeated indentations at the same spot with varying loads showed a typical fatigue behaviour. In addition, both the materials were subjected to the repeated impact cycles at varying subcritical loads simulating impact fatigue. In all the cases typical fatigue curves were obtained having a progressive endurance at subcritical loads having an endurance limit. The fatigue behaviour of Al₂O₃ was much improved by the addition of 15 vol% 3Y-TZP, having micro-plasticity contributing towards the cyclic fatigue phenomena of these materials.

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017829   Bandopadhyay A;Sanjay Kumar;Das S K;Singh K K (NO, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur-831 007) : In the pursuit of waste free metallurgy. NML tech J 1999, 41(4), 143-62.

Metallurgy where the wastes are too many and amount to millions of tonnes. Include gases, slag and dust from the furnaces, waste water from various parts of the plant and slimes from the mines have been used. The ideal way is a closed cycle in which all the ingredients of the raw materials and all the by-products are utilised. Outlines some of the work carried out at National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur on reduction of wastes and control of pollution in metallurgical industries. It also addresses the key concepts in achieving waste free metallurgy. Some of these include green design of metallurgical processes, pollution prevention through control of input materials, innovative utilisation of unavoidable wastes through value addition and recovery of greenhouse gases to avoid global warming. The economic benefits of achieving waste free metallurgy and the basic strategies for achieving the same are also discussed.

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017828   Balkar SIngh;Geetha S;Khursheed F;Bhatia P K (Shiram Institute for Industrial Research, , New Delhi) : High refractive index optical plastics. Pop Plast Packag 2001, 46(5), 58-61.

Polymer optics is a medium providing means for improvement in the technology of design of optical articles. Potential optical materials should meet a number of requirements such as high transparency, possibility to regulate refractive index and resistance to atmospheric actions during usage. This review showcases optical materials with emphasis on high refrative index materials used in the optical field.

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017827   Athalye A S (Technology Transfer Pvt. Ltd, , A-2, Brahmakumari, 290 Bhandar Lane, Mohim, Mumbai-400 016) : CPP films. Pop Plast Packag 2001, 46(5), 49-54.

016851   Sulphur Mills Ltd. (NO, , 303/304, T V Estate, S K Ahire Marg, Worli, Mumbai-400 025) : An improved process of fungicide/miticide, sulphur formulation in the dry flowable form (W.G.). 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

016850   Sulphur Mills Ltd. (NO, , 303/304, T V Estate, S K Ahire Marg, Worli, Mumbai-400 025) : A process of manufacturing an improved fungicidal/miticide formulation. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

016849   Pfeiffer R W (NO, , 3, Hidden Spring Lane, Rye, New York 10580, United States of America) : Process for regeneration of fluidised catalyst and apparatus for carrying out such processes. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

016848   Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation (NO, , 5-2, Marunouchi 2-Chome, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, 100, Japan) : Process for producing highly purified terephthalic acid. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

016847   Lupin Laboratories Ltd. (NO, , 159, C S T Road, Kalina, Santa-Cruz (East), Mumbai-400 098) : An improved process for the manufacture of erythro-mefloquine hydrochloride. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

016846   Krupp Koppers Gmbh (NO, , Altendorfer Strasse, 120, D-45143, Essen, Germany) : A new coke oven battery having means to reduce the concentration of carbon monoxide in the waste gas. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

016845   Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd. (NO, , P O Petrochemicals, District-Vadodara-391 346) : A process for producing dimethyl disulfide. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

016844   Hindustan Lever Ltd. (NO, , Hindustan Lever House, 165/166, Backbay Reclamation, Mumbai-400 020) : A method for making a tea based beverage. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

016843   Hindustan Lever Limited (NO, , Hindustan Lever House, 165/166, Backbay Reclamation, Bombay-400 020) : Personal care composition in the form of an aqueous liquid. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

016842   Hindustan Lever Limited (NO, , Hindustan Lever House, 165/166, Backbay Reclamation, Mumbai-400 020) : A method for making a tea beverage. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

016841   Waskar D P;Roy S K (Department of Horticulture, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri-413 722) : Zero energy cool chamber storage of fruits. Indian Fd Packer 2000, 54(6), 144-7.

Zero energy cool chamber technology has been identified as a low cost storage technique which helps to preserve the freshness of the fruits and vegetables. The work done on the cool chamber storage of different fruits have been presented.

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016840   Waskar D P (Department of Horticulture, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri-413 722) : Standardization of method of juice extraction from Kokum fruit. Indian Fd Packer 2000, 54(6), 122-4.

Kokum fruit was studied for its physico-chemical parameters. It was found that, average weight of the Kokum fruit was 22 g while average weights of seed and rind were 12.3 g and 11.00 g, respectively. The average polar and equitotial diameters of the fruit were found to be 5.40 cm and 5.83 cm, respectively. The specific gravity of fruit was found to be 1.17. It was also noticed that, the juice yield of Kokum fruit was found to be higher in hot method of extraction as compared to cold method of extraction. Among the various temperatures employed for heating the kokum crush, 60°C was found to be the best as far as juice yield, total soluble solids and pigment extraction of kokum fruit was concerned.

016839   Velusamy S;Seshadri C;Ahmed Basha C; Balagopalan S;Vijayavalli R (NO, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi-630 006) : CECRI's all-purpose flow electrolyser. Trans SAEST 1999, 34(3-4), 113-6.

Fow cell design, AP-CELL1, is based on frame and filterpress arrangement, is an ideal electrolyser for use as general-purpose unit, for electrochemical processing with major interest foucussed on the following areas : electrosynthesis of organic and inorganic compounds, treatment of waste streams such as the degradation and destruction of organic wastes, regeneration of redox reagents and treatment of effluent streams, for example recycling acid/alkali from salt wastes. The AP-CELL1 design consists of 2D or 3D electrodes separated by insulating gaskets or spacer, which form compartments for the electrolyte. A separator or membrane may be employed between a pair of gaskets to provide hydraulically separate anode and cathode compartment. Turbulence promoting plastic mesh may be utilized within the spacer to improve the transport of substances to and from the electrode. The modular design of the AP-CELL1 makes it ideal for use as a general purpose unit for electrochemical processing in terms of flexibility in choice of electrode materials, electrode construction, ease of assembly and dismantling, and ease of scaleup. The details of processing engineering features of AP-CELL1 for electrochemical processing are discussed.

016838   Tiwari R B (Division of Post Harvest Technology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore-560 089) : Studies on blending of guava and papaya pulp for RTS beverage. Indian Fd Packer 2000, 54(2), 68-72.

Blending of 'Lucknow-49' guava and 'Solo' papaya pulp (20-40 per cent) was studied for preparation of ready-to-serve (RTS) beverage to improve colour, flavour and overall acceptability of drinks. RTS beverage having 15 per cent pulp, 14°Brix T.S.S. and 0.3 per cent acidity as citric acid was prepared, filled in cleaned pasteruized bottles and heat processed at 90°C temp. for 20 min. Physico-chemical analysis and sensory quality of RTS beverage was done at initial (0) and after six months of storage at room temperature (20-30°C). Vitamin-C content was highest (28.1 mg/100g) in pure guava while carotene content was maximum (441.6 μg/100g) in pure papaya beverage. Sensory quality score was highest in guava and papaya blend (70:30) due to better consistency and flavour. It also contains fair amount of Vitamin-C (24.7 mg/100g) and carotene (303.7 μg/100g). Further, the RTS was found acceptable after six months of storage at room temperature.

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016837   Singh D;Bawa A S;Shivhare U S (Department of Food Science and Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143 005) : Effect of organic acids on quality of oil-free egg pickle. Indian Fd Packer 2000, 54(4), 62-70.

Deals with effect of marinating boiled chicken eggs in selected organic acids (lactic, citric and tartaric) in combination with common salt and sodium benzoate on variation in mass, pH, acidity and salt content of pickling solution as well as albumen and yolk. Effect of duration of storage of eggs pickled in selected acid solutions on the sensory quality of the product was also investigated. results indicated that mass of eggs decreased during pickling due to loss of moisture and soluble solids. Equilibrium in pH, acidity and salt content was attained in 7 days of pickling/marination. Acidity and salt content of albumen and yolk increased while pH decreased during pickling. Lactic acid pickled eggs were preferred the most by sensory panelists followed by tartaric - and critic - acid ones. Eggs pickled in lactic acid could be stored for more than 4 months. The product was found to be safe with a total plate count of less than 2580 per g of pickled eggs.

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016836   Silaimani S M;Pushpavanam M;Narasimham K C (NO, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi-630 006) : Electrochemical preparation of lead fluoborate. Trans SAEST 1999, 34(3-4), 117-21.

Electrochemical route for the preparation of lead fluoborate by dissolving 99.8% pure lead in fluoboric acid has been investigated. The process has been optimised by studying the effect of acid concentration and operating conditions on the formation efficiency and energy efficiency. This product thus prepared is found to be more than the one prepared by chemical methods.

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016835   Sharma G K;Patki P E;Srihari P;Arya S S (Defence Food Research Laboratory, , Mysore-570 011) : Studies on flavour and sensory quality of instant kabuli channa mix. Indian Fd Packer 2000, 54(4), 79-83.

Changes in flavour profile and sensory quality of instant kabuli channa mix packed in paper-aluminium foil-polyethyene laminate (PEP) were monitored during storage in order to assess the shelf life of product. After 9 months of storage, the losses in flavouring compounds ranged from 8.0 to 74.2% and 10.5 to 80.6 at RT and 37°C respectively. Instant kabuli channa mix remained stable upto 9 months. The changes in flavour and sensory score could not be correlated.

016834   Shafiq Alam M;Paul S (Department of Processing & Agricultural Structures, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004) : Effect of diffusion barriers on juice quality of stored kinnow fruit. Indian Fd Packer 2000, 54(6), 135-43.

Two types of edible coatings, cellulose based-carboxy methyl cellulose (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) and protein based-casein alkali soluble (8%) in combination with packaging materials like, low density and high density polyethylene bags (200 gauge) were tried as diffusion barrier films for extending the shelf-life of kinnow fruits under ambient conditions (temperature and relative humidity varied between 18-28°C and 55-65 percent, respectively during the period of experiment). The quality of the stored fruit was evaluated on the basis of chemical characteristics like juice recovery, acidity, total soluble solids and TSS-Acid ratio. The carboxy methyl cellulose (0.5%) coating and high density polyethylene bags were found to be the most suitable combination for extending the shelf life of kinnow upto 40 days without adversely affecting the juice quality.

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016833   Sekhar D M R (Phosphate Research & Development Centre, , RSMML, Jhamarkotra, Udaipur) : Phosphate rich organic manure from wastes of sugar and fruit juice industries. Indian Fd Packer 2000, 54(6), 170-1.

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016832   Savall A;Tahar N B;Manaranche C;Elaoud S C; Abdelhedi C (NO, , 118, Route de Narbonne, Ecole Nationale d' Ingenieurs de Sfax, 3038, Tunisie, France) : Electrochemical degradation of phenols in aqueous solutions : mechanistic aspects and comparison of various PbO2 electrode formulations. Trans SAEST 1999, 34(3-4), 93-100.

The electrochemical oxidation of phenol in an aqueous solution is a complex transformation involving several transfer steps of oxygen atoms and electrons. Transfer of the oxygen atom occurs through the intemediary of hydroxyl radicals absorbed on the active sites of the anode. Galvanostaic electrolysis of phenol (10.5 to 105 mmole dm^-3) in aqueous solution at pH=2 on different lead dioxide coated anodes were followed by HPLC and by analysis of the total organic carbon. Hydroquinone, catechol, 1,4-benzoquinone, maleic and fumaric acids and carbon dioxide are the main products. The non-identified products consist mainly of polymers. Study of the influence of temperature on Ta/PbO2 electrodes shows that the rate consumption of phenol, initially at 21 mmole dm^-3, is mass transport limited. Carbon dioxide is immediately formed and the Faradaic yield values show that a phenol molecule adsorbed on a catalytic site undergoes a succession of oxidation steps involving on average 5 electrons without desorption of the intermediate products. The mean Faradaic yield can reach 70% at the beginning of electrolysis of at 21 mmole dm^-3 phenol solution for an anodic current density of 100 mA cm². Vanillic acid is firstly demethylated and then positively polarizing a metallic lead support in sulfuric acid solution or by electrodeposition on a substrate using a lead nitrate electrolyte were also studied.

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016831   Sato N (NO, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060, Japan) : Anodic stability and breakdown of passive oxide films on metals. Trans SAEST 1999, 34(3-4), 81-7.

Passive oxide film on metals in aqueous solutions is stable to the extent that the film/solution interface is in the state of electronic band edge level pinning. Transpassivation which leads to a potential-dependent dissolution of the passive film results when the Fermi level is pinned at the electronic valence band level of the film/solution interface. Chloride adsorption introduces electronic surface states on the passive oxides film, and the localized transpassive dissolution of the passive film occurs when the Fermi level is pinned at the electronic surface state level of adsorbed chloride ions, thereby causing a local breakdown of the passive film. The critical potential for local breakdown of the passive film is less anodic than the general transpassivation potential because the electronic level of the chloride induced surface state is less anodic than the valence band edge level of the film. The film breakdown does not necessarily lead to stable pit growth.

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016830   Saravana Kumar R;Manimegalai G (Faculty of Home Science, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai-625 104) : Effect of packaging materials on strawberry sauces. Beverage Fd Wld 2001, 28(3), 43-4.

Sujatha and Labella strawberry varieties were used for the preparation of sauce as per FPO specification. The prepared sauces were packed in glass bottles and polypropylene pouches and sealed air tightly. The prepared sauces had reddish pink colour, strong flavour and highly acceptable taste. The changes in the chemical constituents, microbial load and organoleptic characteristics of the sauces were noted by storage at room temperature for 90 days.

016829   Sacchi A (NO, ACIMIT, Italy) : Recent trends in chemical processing. Indian Text J 2001, 111(5), 57-62.

016828   Raju P S;Ashok N;Das Gupta D K (Defence Food Research Laboratory, , Mysore-570 011) : Physiological and quality changes during minimal processing and storage of shredded cabbage. Indian Fd Packer 2000, 54(4), 51-8.

Shredded cabbage was subjected to minimal processing in terms of sanitation wash, additive infusion inclusive of calcium, sulphur-dioxide, benzoate, salting and acidification. The additive treatments were restricted to a level, which maintain the product within the realms of minimal processing. The respiratory drift in pretreated shredded cabbage was restricted compared to the untreated shredded cabbage. Ascorbic acid infusion yielded a product of comparable colour and quality as that of sulphited product but with a lower shelflife. Partial supplementation of SO2 by ascorbic acid enhanced the shelf stability compared to ascorbic acid alone. The pretreatment and packaging in poly propylene pouches reduced the ascorbic acid losses during storage. As such, the pretreatment schedule comprising of additives, low intensity microwave heating and MAP could result in a product shelflife of 13 to 25 days under ambient and 59 to 85 days under low temperature conditions. The treated product was microbiologically safe with T.P.C. of 10² to 10³, yeasts and molds at nil to 1x10¹ and absence of Coliforms and psychlrophiles.

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016827   Pramanik S;Mahanti R K;Kishori Lal; Sivaramakrishnan C S;Roy P L (NO, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur-831 007) : Role of minor alloying elements on the properties of Al-Mg-Si alloys. Indian Fndry J 2001, 47(3), 17-19.

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