016826   Mukhopadhyay R;Paul D (Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Calcutta-700 032) : Nutritive value of Kluyveromyces fragilis biomass grown in deproteinized whey. Proc Indian Sci Congr Ass - Pt III(YS abstr), Sect-I 1999, (NULL), 7-8.

Food yeast Kluyveromyces fragilis (MTCC 188) was grown on deproteinized when supplemented with 0.8% diammonium hydrogen phosphate and 10 ppm Indole-3-acetic acid. The biomass had a crude protein content of 37% and an ash content of 16%. The true protein content based on nitrogen fractionation procedure was 28.1% and total nucleic acid content was 4.82%. Crude fibre and lipid content of K. fragilis cells was found to be 4.9% and 7.8% respectively. Both essential fatty acids, linolenic and linoleic acids present in the lipid of this yeast and represented 21.5% of the total fatty acids. All the essential amino acids were present in the proteins of K. fragilis, however, sulphur containing amino acids were found to be low. Among the B-vitamins in the biomass, folic acid and pyridoxone were present in high concentration.

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016825   Mishra J;Tomar M C (NO, Government Fruit Preservation and Canning Institute, 18-B, Ashok Marg, Lucknow) : Studies on the preparation and storage of intermediate moisture ripe mango slices of Dashehari cultivar. Indian Fd Packer 2000, 54(2), 61-7.

Principle involved in the preservation of Intermediate Moisture Food (I.M.F.) is lowering of water activity by addition of solutes such as glycerol, sucrose or glucose etc. and retarding the microbial growth by addition of antimicrobial agents such as potassium sorbate and potassium metabisulphite. Studies conducted so far on most fruits involved use of glycerol upto 42.33 percent in soak infuse solution, affecting the flavour, taste and economy of the finished product. Hence, attempts were made in this study to prepare I.M. Ripe Mango slices, using lower levels of glycerol. Evaluation showed that mango slices which were steeped overnight in 68°B sugar group containing 2.0 per cent glycerol, 0.2 percent citric acid, 0.2 percent K.M.S., drained and dehydrated at 60°C for 2 hours were liked most in comparison to samples, where 4 and 8 percent glycerol was used. Storage studies showed that keeping the product below 75.5 percent R.H. (31.67 percent equilibrium moisture content) was conducive to the retention of colour, flavour and texture of the product.

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016824   Maarouf E B;Essoufi H (Department de Chimie, Laboratoire de chimie analytique appliquee, Universite Mohamed IER, Oujda-MAROC) : Electrochemical elaboration and characterization of polyindole-carbon fibres composite. Trans SAEST 1999, 34(3-4), 101-3.

Polyindole-carbon composites were prepared by electrochemical deposition of polyindole on anodes of carbon fibres. The corresponding voltamperograms are analyzed and the evolution of electrical conductivity with conditions of synthesis is examined.

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016823   Kumar P;Sreenarayanan V V (NO, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tiruchirapalli-620 009) : Studies on storage of dehydrated onion flakes. Indian Fd Packer 2000, 54(2), 73-4.

Storage study was undertaken for the Pusa white onion flakes dehydrated at 60°C with 0.3 percent potassium metabisulphite level. To study the shelf life, the onion flakes were packed in 300 guage polyethylene bags and storage studies were carried out by adopting three methods of storage namely vacuum storage in polyethylene bags filled with nitrogen and control storage. During the storage period of three months, the bio-chemical changes and organoleptic analyses were carried out at monthly intervals, which showed a significant reduction in ascorbic acid in all the methods of storage and the reduction was comparatively higher in control. The total sugar content was significantly higher in control and the change in non-enzymatic browning was significantly lower in vacuum storage method. From the organoleptic study, it was found that the dehydrated onion flakes could be used for consumption up to one month. A progressive increase in moisture content and reduction in rehydration ratio were also observed during the storage period. Detailed storage analyses are presented.

016822   Kousar N;Seshikala D;Singara Charya M A (Department of Botany, Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506 009) : Decolourisation of textile dyes by fungi. Indian J Microbiol 2000, 40(3), 191-7.

Decolourisation of three textile dyes viz. scarlet direct red, fast greenish blue and briliant direct violet by 13 fungal isolates from dye effluent amended soils were studied. Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride proved to be efficient in decolourisation of scarlet red upto 80 per cent. All the fungal isolates showed more than 70 per cent decolourisation of brilliant violet. In the process of decolourisation, α-amylase production was maximum after 14 d of incubation for A. niger and 21 d for Curvularia lunata and Fusarium oxysporum. Low pH of the cultures favoured the process of decolourisation by two fungal organisms. Protease and catalase enzymes were more after 7 d of incubation for A. niger and 21 d for Curvularia lunata and Fusarium oxysporum.

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016821   Keshri R C;Chinnan M S;Hung Y C;Park C (Department of Food Science and Technology, Centre for Food Safety and Quality Enhancement, University of Georgia, Griffin, USA) : Studies on developing and evaluating product from egg milk mixture for human consumption. Beverage Fd Wld 2001, 28(3), 23-4, 26-7.

Experiments were conducted to develop formulations and processing technique for a beverage incorporating milk, egg, mango pulp and sugar. The contents (either 60% buttermilk/skim milk/whole milk, with 15% chicken whole egg liquid, 15% mango pulp and 10% sucrose) were stirred at a medium speed in the Hobart Mixer for 2.5 minutes, homogenized at 2000 psi and pasteurized at 63.5°C for 3.5 minutes using the Armfield FT74 UHT Plate Heat Exchanger Unit. The beverages were stored in glass bottles at ambient (25°C) and refrigerated (5°C) temperatures up to two weeks. Various parameters to assess quality changes were recorded at 1, 4, 7, 11 and 14 days.

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016820   Kannan S;Thiramaran A S (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Home Science College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural U, Madurai-625 104) : Studies on extending the shelf life of pretreated guava by vacuum packaging. Beverage Fd Wld 2001, 28(3), 20-2.

Study was to increase the shelf life of fruits through pretreatments and vacuum packing. Guava (Psidium guajava L.) was pre-treated with wax, oil film, purafil packets and tissue paper wrapping along with control and polybag packing in 150, 200 and 400 gauge thickness. These samples were packed under vacuum and another set of these were stored under ordinary packing. Then the fruits were stored at room (36°C) and refrigerated temperatures and analysed for physico - chemical changes. During storage, length and breadth decreased and firmness increased. Moisture, acidity, vitamin C and total sugar decreased whereas reducing sugar and total soluble solids (TSS) increased during storage. The shelf life of the fruits increased upto one week under vacuum packing and exhibited freshness.

016819   Kaatkar S P;Dahiya S (Chemistry Department, M.D. University, Rohtak-124 001) : Amperometric determination of Mn(VII) with 2-mercaptopropanoic acid. Trans SAEST 1999, 34(3-4), 106-7.

Amperometric method for the determination of Mn(VII), with 2-mercaptopropanoic acid (RsH) in 1M Na2CO3-NaHCO3 medium at d.m.e. has been envolved. MnO^-4 gives a two wave cathodic polarogram in this medium while RSH gives one electron oxidation wave at d.m.e. Titration voltage, -0.30V has been selected in the common limiting region of the RSH and the 1st wave of Mn(VII) and metal ion solution used as titrant. Two breaks are observed in the amperometric curve and the metal species-RSH stoichiometry has been established as 1:3 on the basis of the first, more reliable, break. Oxidation of RSH by the metal ion solution has been proposed as the basis of the new amperometric method. 3RSH ⇔ 3/2 RS - SR + 3H⁺ 3e^- and MnO^-4 + 2H2O+3E^- ⇔ MnO2 + 4OH^-. MnO2 which gets precipitated, has been chemically tested. Solutions as dilute as 5.49 ppm are estimated successfully with high degree of accuracy. Tolerance limit for various foreign ions has been worked out.

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016818   Jaywant U B;Annapure U S;Singhal R S;Kulkarni P R (Food and Fermentation, Technology Division, University Department of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019) : Low-fat samosa: an experience in product development. Beverage Fd Wld 2001, 28(3), 36-7, 39.

Baked Samosas as an alternative to the fried counterparts could be developed successfully by altering the formulation of the Samosa crust. Addition of 2.0% baking powder, 1.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), 0.15% Sodium stearoyl lactalate (SSL), 20% substitution of refined wheat flour with corn starch and 20 ml groundnut oil as shortening proved to be the best. The product so obtained on baking at 180°C for 12 minutes, had 52.6% lesser fat as compared to a laboratory fried control product.

016817   Jayathilakan K;Radhakrishna K;Gopala Rao K R; Vijaya Rao D (Defence Food Research Laboratory, , Mysore) : Development of instant vermicelli kheer mix. Indian Fd Packer 2000, 54(6), 125-34.

Kheer mix has been developed based on reconditioned vermicelli, milk powder, sugar and flavourants. It is a nutritious low fat and energy rich food which provides 386 Kcal/100 g. Different brands of commercially available vermicelli have been screened for its suitability with respect to physical and chemical characteristics and their drying and rehydration aspects. The product has been found to have the required chemical and microbiological stability for 6 months at 37°C. In a sensory profile test using attained panel, the product rated 7 on a 9 point hedonic scale. Similar observations were noticed when the product was subjected to limited user trials.

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016816   Jadhav P P;Kotecha P M;Kadam S S (Department of Food Science and Technology, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeth, Rahuri-413 722) : Effect of yeast strain on the quality of pomegranate wine. Beverage Fd Wld 2001, 28(3), 38-9.

An investigation was undertaken to find out the effect of yeast strain and pH of the must on the quality of wine from juice of Ganesh cultivar of pomegranate. Considering both the chemical composition and the sensory properties of wine, the strain SC CFTRI-101 and pH 3.5 are most suitable conditions for the preparation of good quality pomegranate wine.

016815   Hemakar A K;Tomar M C;Singh U B (NO, Government Fruit Preservation and Canning Institute, 18-B, Ashok Marg, Lucknow) : Studies on blending of guava pulp with mango pulp for dehydration (mango-guava sheet). Indian Fd Packer 2000, 54(4), 45-50.

Dried mango pulp or mango sheet popularly called "Ampapar" is an imporant product of commerce in certain mango growing areas of India. However the product prepared by traditional method is far from satisfactory. The methods employed by various workers to improve the quality of mango sheet, include addition of sugar, citric acid, potassium metabisulphite and pectin etc. Use of pectin in this preparation is, however, a costly proposition. Attempts were made in this study to replace the use of pectin by addition of guava pulp, which is not only a good source of natural pectin but of vitamin 'C'. Mango pulp blended with 5, 10, 15 and 20% guava pulp and maintaining the T.S.S. at 25° Brix, acidity 0.5% and sulphurdioxide 1000 ppm was dehydrated. Evaluation showed that mango pulp with 20% guava pulp gave a better sheet on drying followed by the one with 15% guava pulp. The ideal moisture to have storage stability was found to be in between 10 to 15% with relative humidity in between 65 to 75 percent.

016814   Giridhar N;Satyanarayan A (NO, Central Food Technology Research Institute - Regional Centre, Habshiguda, Hyderabad-500 007) : Grape waste as a source of tartrates. Indian Fd Packer 2000, 54(4), 59-61.

The possibility of extraction of tartrates from grape wastes obtained from vineyards and grape processing industry was explored. Wastes like leaf blade, peteole, tender shoots and tendrils, the rachis, pedicels and the cull rasins are all good sources for tartrate extraction. While the total tartrate content was high in peteole, rachis and pedicel varying rom 7.15 - 8.7% on dry weight basis in Thompson seedless variety and 9.75% in Anab-e-shahi, it was 2.14% and 4.87% in leaf blade and tender shoots of the above varieties respectively. Tartrates were extracted and precipitated as calcium tartrate and the yields ranged from 1.5 to 5.6%. Calcium tartrate was decomposed with sulphuric acid to get tartaric acid which was recorded by crystallisation.

016813   Ghoshal S P (NO, Central Agmark Laboratory, North Ambazari Road, Nagpur-440 010) : Bacteriological studies on processed meat food with special reference to incidence of steptococcus in the processed meat. Proc Indian Sci Congr Ass - Pt III(YS abstr), Sect-I 1999, (NULL), 4.

In most of the European countries and United States of America, suitability for consumption of meat food products is based largely upon the presence of E. coli. Using of specific standards have not been so far laid for the ready to eat and ready to cook meat food products in India and as such our findings are required to be compared with the standard suggested by foreign workers who have suggested several limits with respect to different types of pathogenic organisms in meat and meat products. Processed and semi processed meat products in Ham bacon, sausages and canned meat products etc. were bacteriologically analysed steptococcus, keeping in view, the public health importance. A total of 3000 (three thousand) processed meat samples were examined for isolation of steptococcus organism. Out of these twelve (12) were for steptococcus faecalis. They are the "indicator" organism of faecal contamination. Therefore, their presence is objectionable as these indicate inadequate hygiene in the processing plant.

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016812   Garg N;Kalra S K (NO, Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rahmankhera, P.O. Kakori, Lucknow-227 107) : Development of alternative preservative. Indian Fd Packer 2000, 54(4), 39-44.

Preservative formulation (coded as SK1) including sodium hexametaphosphate, O-phosphoric acid and propionic acid was found effective against yeast, mould and bacteria at 2% concentration. This formulation was found comparable to KMS in its antimicrobial efficacy. In vitro studies indicated that SK1 had synergistic effect with KMS, potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate.

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016811   Doodnath L;Badriel N (Department of Food Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Scie, University of West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, W.I, ) : Processing and quality evaluation of ready-to-serve watermelon nectars. Indian Fd Packer 2000, 54(4), 71-8.

Watermelon fruits (Citrus lanatus), Crimson sweet var. were processed to ready-to-serve pasteurised nectars (85°C for 20 min) with varying levels of °Brix (15, 20, 25), xanthum gum % (0.10, 0.20, 0.25), citric acid % (0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30) and fortified with 1.0% ascorbic acid with or without addition of potassium sorbate. Sensory evaluation indicated that watermelon nectar which consisted of 20° or 25°Brix, 0.20% xanthum gum, 0.15% citric acid or pH 3.75-3.87 was most highly ranked and thus preferred by panelists, than nectar blends of watermelon with mango. On storage for 5 weeks at 20-25°C there were no significant quality changes in consistency and total soluble solids (°Brix). However there were slight reduction in the pH, fading of colour and loss of ascrobic acid with negligible growth of microorganisms.

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016810   Doblhofer K;Flatgent G;Radhakrishnan G; Pettinger B;Savinova E;Wasle S (NO, Fritz-Haber-Institute der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany) : Recent trends in electrocatalysis - adsorption of oxygen species on Ag electrodes and mechanism of H2O2 reduction. Trans SAEST 1999, 34(3-4), 88-92.

In-situ surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) can be employed successfully for detecting oxygen-containing species on single crystal silver electrodes. From such experiments the mechanism of Ag(III) premonolayer oxidation in alkaline electrolyte is derived. The cathodic reduction of hydrogen peroxide on silver electrodes in acidic electrolyte can proceed by two parallel mechanisms. First, by the "normal" mechanism that has been discussed in the literature, second, by a novel mechanism that operates at a significantly smaller overvoltage. It is reduced that this second mechanism involves as an activating species adsorbed hydroxide, OHads, as known from premonolayer oxidation of the electrode. Since this adsorbate is unstable in the acidic electrolyte, it is concluded that non-equilibrium coverage is generated in the course of cathodic H2O2 reduction, where OHads is known to form as an intermediate. Consequently, the second H2O2d reduction mechanism is considered to be of the autocatalytic type. It yields an N-shaped current/voltage curve and current oscilallations. The conclusions are tested by model calculations.

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016809   Das Gupta D K;Nanjappa C (Defence Food Research Laboratory, , Mysore-570 011) : Studies on the preparation and storage evaluation of quick cooking sprouted green gram (Vigna radiata L) curry mix. Indian Fd Packer 2000, 54(2), 56-60.

Quick cooking dehydrated ready mix was developed based on sprouted green gram and gravy mix consisting of spices along with tomato powder as used traditionally. The mix had 16.4% protein, 5.9% fat and a calorific value of 365 KCal/100 g. It should be reconsituted in boiling water in 10 min and 340 g cooked curry can be obtained from 100 g dehydrated ready mix. Storage studies showed that when packed first in polypropylene and then in an outerwrap of paper-aluminium foil-polyethylene laminate, the product remained acceptable for 6 months at 37°C.

016808   Chranjit Kaur;Kapoor H C (Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012) : Minimal processing of fruits and vegetables. Indian Fd Packer 2000, 54(6), 156-64.

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016807   Chauhan J;Ahmad S;Ali I (NO, Flavour and Fragrance Development Centre, Kannauj) : Controlled atmosphere storage vs other fresh fruit preservation technologies. Beverage Fd Wld 2001, 28(3), 17-18.

A controlled atmosphere storage (CA storage) utilizes a strictly specified mixture of gases namely carbondioxide, oxygen and nitrogen. The desired composition of gases is maintained by artificially introducing a mixture of gases, by gas generating device and carbondioxide scrubbing unit. A controlled gas regime around food material minimizes respiration rate, reduces rate of ripening, enzymatic change, oxidation reaction and retards microbial growth. The desired composition of gases vary for different horticultural crops and it even changes for different varieties of same fruit viz optimum gas mixture for many apple varieties is only 5% carbondioxide and 3% oxygen and the rest nitrogen, since a higher carbon dioxide content causes browning of fruit tissues. Management of low temperature is another requirement for maintaining the quality of fruits and 0°C is recommended for many varieties of apples.

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016806   Chauhan A S;Rekha M N;Ramteke R S;Eiperson W E (Department of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570 013) : Preparation and quality evaluation of processed products from seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides Lin.) berries. Beverage Fd Wld 2001, 28(3), 31-4.

The shrub yields small sized orange red coloured berries which have been shown to possess several medicinal properties. The berries have potential for processing into various types of value added products. The seabuckthorn berries are rich in several constituents like ascorbic acid, carotenoids and flavonoids etc. Conditions were standardized for the extraction of SBT juice, the yield of which varies from 65 - 68% and has an attractive orange red colour products like ready-to-serve beverages, squashes, blended beverages of seabuckthorm juice with orange, apple and papaya juice and mixed fruit jam along with orange, apple and papaya pulp in different combination were prepared. The products when subjected to sensory evaluation showed acceptable qualities with respect to combination of 50:50, 60:40 and 70:30 ratios both for blended beverage as well as jam for each of the fruit studied in terms of taste and flavour. The results showed that SBT could be utilized successfully for commercial preparation of various value-added products, which will have both, internal as well as export market.

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016805   Chatterji S (Hindustan Tin Works Ltd, , Sahibabad) : Can corrosion. Indian Fd Packer 2000, 54(6), 148-55.

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016804   Aruna A;Krishnan R M;Muralidharan V S (NO, Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi-630 006) : Electrochemical behaviour of Cr(III) thiocyanate complexes. Trans SAEST 1999, 34(3-4), 108-12.

Voltammetric studies of thiocyanate added trivalent chromium plating baths revealed that under transient conditions in the pH range of 4-5, the trivalent chromium undergoes successive reduction in chloride and sulphate solutions. The formation of divalent chromium aqua complex is slow. The adsorbed divalent chromium thiocyanate complexes obey nonactivated Tamkin adsorption isotherm. The first electron transfer is slow during reduction.

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015824   St. Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corporation (NO, , 1 New Bond Street, Box Number 15008, Worcester, MA 01615-0008, United States of America) : "A process for the production of shaped ceramic articles". 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

015823   Societe Des Products Nestle S A (NO, , P.O. Box 353, 1800 Vevey, Switzerland) : Method for preparing a cold water soluble instant black tea. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

015822   Lapunow, Michael Grigorjewitsch (NO, , Pawel-suchoi-Strasse 18, WHG, 168, 246035 GOMEL Belarus) : Process for producing petrol of high octane number by catalytic reforming and also a reactor carrying out the process. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

015821   Italimpianti S.p.A (NO, , 1, Via Di Francia-I-16126 Genova, Italy) : Roller for furnaces, particularly for iron and steel making furnaces for heating slabs or the like. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

015820   Institute Francais Du Petrole (NO, , 4 Avenue De Bois-preau 92506 Rueil-Malamaison, Cedex France) : Process for producing oxygenated compounds from a mixture of hydrocarbons. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

015819   Institut Francais Du Petrole (NO, , 4 Avenue De Bois Preau, 92502 Rueil Malmaison, France) : Process for the production of middle distillate and oil bases with a high viscosity index from heavy petroleum cuts. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

015818   Imperial Chemical Industries (NO, , Imperial Chemical House, Mill Bank, London SW1P 3JF, England) : Process for the production of difluoro methane. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

015817   Foseco International Limited (NO, , 285 Long Acre Nechells, Birmingham B 7 5 J R, England) : Coating composition for coating articles of graphite + alumina refectory material. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

015816   Colgate-Palmolive Company (NO, , 300 Park Avenue, New York, New York-10022, United States of America) : An aqueous liquid detergent composition. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

015815   Aluminium Pfchiney immeuble Balzac (NO, , La Defence 5 10, Place Des Vosages 82400 Courbevoie, France) : Process for the treatment of trihydrate type bauxite by alkaline digestion. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

015814   Akzo Nobel N V (NO, , Velperweg 76, 6824 BM, Arnhem, The Netherlands) : Process for converting a wax-containing hydrocarbon feedstock into a middle distilliate product having a reduced wax content. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

015813   Verma M;Suman Kumar (Department of Food Science & Technology, J.N. Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur-482 004) : Nutritional evaluation of improved varieties of sunflower seeds Helianthus annuus L.. Proc Indian Sci Congr Ass - Pt IV, Sect-I 1997, (NULL), 23.

Five varieties of Sunflower Seeds were analysed for biochemical and nutritional characteristics. The results showed that maximum kernel and minimum husk percentage was found in the variety GAU-13 indicating the best one for oil extraction. All varieties showed significant differences among oil, protein, nonprotein nitrogen total carbohydrates, ash and fibres content of the whole seeds. Supplementation of the sunflower kernels in the product formulation showed that sensory quality of laddu was good and well accepted by trained and semitrained panels. Therefore, kernels of sunflower can be well included in the product formulation for improving the nutritional quality.

015812   Suman Kumar;Agarwal R (Department of Food Science & Technology, J.N. Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur-482 004) : Nutritional quality of vegetable type of fresh soybean seeds Glycine max. Proc Indian Sci Congr Ass - Pt IV, Sect-I 1997, (NULL), 21-2.

Biochemical and physical characteristics of 14 varieties of Vegetable type Soybean were evaluated with a view to know their nutritional characteristics, cooking behaviour and consumer acceptance of cooked vegetable. Seeds of all varieties were green in colour except Himso 1158 and Himso 59 which were yellow. The results revealed that there was a considerable variation in 100 grain weight, seed volume, seed density and water absorption capacity. Cooking time in open vessel ranged between 165-210 min. Pressure cooking took average 30 min. The Proximate Composition of these cultivars showed that all the cultivars had high protein (39-45% and oil (16-21%) contents. An inverse relationship was seen between protein and oil contents. Total carbohydrates calculated by difference method ranged between 22.49 to 26.56%. The ash and crude fibre contents were almost similar.

015811   Sawant M R (NO, , ) : Acrylics processing aids and impact modifiers for PVC. Indian Rubb Plast Age 2000, 36(5), 9-10.

015810   Sani R K;Banerjee U C (Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh-160 036) : Screening for organisms applicable to the decolorization of triphenylmethane dyes and optimization of biotransformation conditions in stirred tank reactor. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 1999, 2(1), 1-9.

After the extensive screening for triphenylmethane dye decolorizing organisms, four organisms were found to have great potential to biotransform the triphenylmethane dyes. Out of four organisms, three organisms were isolated from the active slurry of the enriched cultures, (shake flasks soil slurry method) against triphenylmethane dyes and one organism was isolated from soil samples which were collected from the vicinity of an effluent treatment plant of a textile and dyeing industry. The rates of decolorization of crystal violet by the new isolates and some reported organisms were compared. The Kurthia sp. had higher rates of decolorization of crystal violet than other organisms tested. Optimum biotransformation conditions of the different triphenylmethane dyes were determined in an aerated and agitated reactor. In the case of crystal violet and magenta, the optimum agitation and aeration rates were 300 rpm and 1.0 vvm, respectively. However, in the case of malachite green the optimum aeration rate was 0.5 vvm, while the optimum agitation rate was the same (300 rpm).

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015809   Nivedita (NO, Govt. S.S.A. College, Sinhora, Jabalpur) : Synthesis of novel heat resistant polymers from dimer acid-A dimer of ricinoleic acid - the major constituent of castor oil. Proc Indian Sci Congr Ass - Pt IV, Sect-I 1997, (NULL), 69.

Polymers of dimer acid, a derivative fo castor oil, find varied applications in industries as plasticizers, surface coatings, adhesives sealants, lubricants and prepolymers for high performance polymers. Introduction of metal ions into polymers has drastic effects on the structure and properties relative to parent polymer. Synthesis of metal containing polyesters of dimer acid is the most untouched field of its applications. The polyesters were white or coloured solids, insoluble in common organic solvents and were characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectral studies. Thermal stability of metal salts of monohydroxyalkylphthalate and the corresponding polyesters were studied by thermogravimetric analysis and DSC measurements. Thermal analysis show that their thermal decompositions differ significantly. The differences are correlated to the nature of the metal ions present.

015808   Mukhopadhyay A K (NO, Sangita Biochem Ltd., 28, Strand Road, 2nd Floor, Calcutta-700 001) : Sodium stearoyl 2 lactylate applied as broad spectrum effective emulsifier in food, plant growth regulator pesticides, perfumery, pharmaceutical, cosmetics formulations. Proc Indian Sci Congr Ass - Pt III(YS abstr), Sect-I 1997, (NULL), 123-4.

An unique anionic oil in water type emulsifier, sodium Stearoyl 2-Lactylate (SSL) of formula C17, H35CO (O, CH³ CO)2 ONa, an ester of Stearoyl Alcohol and Lactic Acid of Acid Value 60-80, Ester Value 150-190, Sodium 3-5% has been chosen to find its emulsifying characteristics in wide range preparation of Food items, Plant Growth Regulators, Pesticides, Perfumery, Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Formulations. Similarly SSL has been satisfactorily utilized directly or in combination with a coemulsifier to form a balanced pair of desired HLB no and other characteristics and applied effectively is the field ofPerfume, Pharmaceutical oral suspension, cosmetics lotion/cream formulations. There is also distinct possibility of its use in paint, spray Milk, Textile and other emulsification areas.

015807   Fahim M;Navind Chand (NO, , 34, Laxmi Nagar, Piplani B.H.E.L., Bhopal-462 021) : Irradiation improved structural integrity and wear resistance of polymer based composites. Proc Indian Sci Congr Ass - Pt IV, Sect-I 1997, (NULL), 125-6.

Studies on the irradiation on wear behaviour of fibre reinforced polymer composites based on resin system viz. Bisphenol A epoxy unsaturated isopthalic polyester and vinylester have been carried out. High energy laser irradiation enhances crosslinking and induces hardening in polymer matrix which, in turn, improves the wear resistant properties of composites. The improved properties are manifested as an increased in the hardness and improved fibre matrix interfacial bonding. Thermal mismatch in the composite due to difference in thermal expansion coefficient (TECs) of fibre and polymer leads to microstructural rasidual stresses along the line interface, which governs the overall wear behaviour of composites. A simple model based on interfacial stress and fractal dimension of worm surface has been proposed to explain the wear behaviour of composites in unirradiated and later irradiated conditions. The theoretical model correlating the wear volume and material properties fits well with the experimental data.

015806   Agaoglu S;Guducuoglu H (Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van Turkey) : Identification of E coli 0157:H7, Salmonella, Shigella and Campylobacter isolated from retail chicken products sold unpacked in van. Bull pure appl Sci-Sect A 1999, 18(1), 25-30.

Study was carried out in order to determine the existence of E. coli 0157:H7, Salmonella, Shigella and Campylobacter in retail chicken products (thigh neck and wing) to be sold unpacked in Van markets causing bacterial food poisoning. samples 30, Total 90 samples from each type, were used as materials. After microbiological analysis of the samples, 3(10%) Salmonella spp., 26(6.6%) Shigella spp., 4(13.3%) Campylobacter jejuni were isolated and identified from 30 thigh samples were 1(3.3%) Salmonella spp. and 7(23.3%) Campylobacter jejuni were found in 30 neck samples. Furthermore, 1(3.3%) Salmonella spp. and 6(20%) Campylobacter jejuni were isolated from wing samples. In two samples (thigh and neck) Salmonella and in three samples (2 neck and a wing) Campylobacter jejuni were in the level that can cause food poisoning. Consequently, it was found out that the chicken to be sold in this way were not harmful in term of E. coli 0157:H7. However, with regard to the other pathogens, they could be a potential risk to public health. In this respect, food stuffs need to be preserved in cold chain from production up to consumption and necessary hygienic precautions need to be taken together with using convenient packaging materials.

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014766   Samuel K S;Sequeira H (Asian Paints (India) Ltd, L.B.S. Marg, Bhandup, Mumbai-400 078, , ) : Merits and demerits of CAB as a pigment dispersing vehicle in automotive coatings. Paintindia 2000, 50(12), 43-8.

CABs are known to the paint manufacturer and are used extensively in lacquers and varnishes for their excellent drying properties, durability and as an additive for imparting certain properties. The use of CABs as pigment dispersion media stands relatively unexploited. The feasibility of CABs in the dispersion process requires an in-depth analysis. An approach to this concept has been made. An analysis of CAB as a pigment dispersion media, its merits and demerits as against the conventional dispersing media has been made

014765   Raval D A;Dighe A K;Parmar R J (N V Patel College of Pure and Applied Sciences, , Vallabh Vidyanagar) : Novelty finishes based on acid functional acrylic copolymers. Paintindia 2001, 51(2), 35-40.

Novelty finishes like hammertone, stipple and multicolour were prepared from acid functional acrylic copolymers. These finishes were based on these copolymer resins of thermoplastic and thermosetting types. Both the types of copolymers were neutralised with triethylamine and made water compatible with the help of cosolvent butylcellosolve. Pigments and additives were added accpordingly in the preparation of these novelty finishes. Special application techniques were used to apply these coatings (finishes). An attempt was made for the preparation of ecofriendly novelty finishes.

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014764   Ramarethinam S;Viswanathan S R; Balasubramaniam S (T. Stanes and Company Limited, , 8/23-24, Race Course Road, Coimbatore-641 018) : Influence of different solvents on the extraction of azadirachtin from neem seeds. Pestology 2001, 25(2), 2-6.

Solvents like methanol, ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl tertiary butyl ether, individually, and in combination were evaluated to ascertain the efficiency in the extraction of Azadirachtin from the neem seed kernel on w/v basis. It is evident from the study that the combined solvent system is more efficient in the extraction of azadirachtin from freshly ground neem seed biomass. Amongst individual solvents, ethanol is found to be more efficient than the other solvents, for extraction of Azadirachtin from neem seed kernel biomass. The efficiency of the individual solvents on extraction of azadirachtin can be tabulated in the descending order from ethanol, methanol, methyl ethyl ketone to methyl tertiary butyl ether. Based on the observations, the possibility of using combined solvent system in the commercial extraction of azadirachtin is also projected.

014763   Panda A K;Srivastava A K (Maharani Paints (I) Pvt.Ltd, , Plot No. 343, 344, Sector-24, Faridabad-121 005) : UV-curable powder coating - a new hope. Paintindia 2000, 50(12), 39-41.

A radiation curable binder system for powder coating based on maleate-vinyl ether chemistry has been a reality and it is expected to break the monopoly of PU and TSA in heat sensitive substrates. The binder system consists of an unsaturated polymer and a vinyl ether polyurethane. Curing is a two step process - first heating the substrate upto 100°C for melting and flowing of paint and subsequent UV exposure for cross linking reaction, the whole process takes less than two minutes time

014762   Joglekar H S;Dave K V (Asian Paints(I) Ltd, , LBS Marg, Bhandup Mumbai-400 078) : Effect of functionality and molecular weight of polyester on elastomeric properties of 2K polyurethane coatings. Paintindia 2001, 51(2), 41-6.

The concept of 2K polyurethane coatings having good elastomeric properties is getting widely appreciated all across. The conventional polyesters fail in rendering elastomeric properties. In order to synthesis the right type of polyester suitable for 2K polyurethane coatings imparting good elastomeric properties, a comprehensive study has been done. An important aspect of effect of functionality and molecular weight of polyesters on elastomeric properties of 2K polyurethane coatings has been focussed. The study highlights the structural requirements of a polymer backbone having high cohesive energy and offering the desired performance. Such systems are described in detail w.r.t. specific performance requirements, formulations, processing techniques, application method and evaluation findings. Different polyester-polyol systems designed show good elastomeric properties based on a definite optimal balance molecular flexibility and chain stiffness so as to offer better elastomeric properties.

014761   Hellander J C (C&M Technologies Inc, , USA) : Furnace reliability and optimization through the use of high emissivity ceramic coatings. Hydrocarbon Technol 2000, (52), 19-26.

014760   Debuisschert Q;Nocca J L (Institut Francais Du petrole (IFP), , France) : Benzene and sulfur reduction strategies for the gasoline pool. Hydrocarbon Technol 2000, (52), 66-74.

014759   Daptardar S D (Goodlass Nerolac Paints Limited, , Ganpatrao Kadam Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai-400 013) : Auto refinishing - past, present and future. Paintindia 2000, 50(12), 49-52.

As the auto-refinishing business has been observed to have potential equivalent to OEM paint, the paint manufacturers in India and the rest of the world are concentrating on the auto-refinish market. With the growing market conditions, there are a lot of developments taking place to make refinishing paint perform almost equivalent to OEM paint. The environmental pollution due to VOC is the major concern for the future refinishing painting systems. The refinishing paints in India in the past, present and future have been discussed.