013142   Srivastava S;Srivastava S;Singh S;Parul (Chemical Laboratories, Feroze Gandhi College, Rae Bareli-229 001, Email: She_ila72@yahoo.com) : Kinetics and mechanism of rhodium(III) catalyzed oxidation of polyhydric alcohols by acidified sodium periodate. Int J pure appl Chem 2008, 3(1), 17-20.

The kinetics of the Rh(III) catalyzed oxidation of mannitol and glycerol by an acidified solution of NaIO₄ in the presence of Hg(OAc)₂ as a scavenger, have been studied in the temperature range 30-45°C. The rate shows zero order with respect to the substrates and 1st order with respect to catalyst Rh(III), for both mannitol and glycerol. Negligible effect of mercuric acetate Hg(OAc)₂, and ionic strength of the medium was observed and the reaction showed no effect of [IO₄^-], [Cl^-] and [H⁺] ion on the reaction rate. A suitable mechanism in conformity with the kinetic observations has been proposed and the thermodynamic parameters computed.

3 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

013141   Srivastava S;Singh S;Singh P;Khare P (Chemical Laboratories, Feroze Gandhi College, Raebareli-229 001, Email: she_ila72@yahoo.com) : Ru(III) catalysis in oxidation of some amino acids by acid bromate: a kinetic study. Int J pure appl Chem 2008, 3(2), 111-14.

Kinetic investigations on Ru(III) catalyzed oxidation of dl -serine and dl- threonine have been made in (he temperature range of 30-45 °C by acidic solution of potassium bromate in the presence of mercuric acetate as a scavenger. The rate showed zero order kinetics in bromate [BrO₃> ] and order of reaction was one with respect to substrate and Ru(III) respectively. Increase in [Cl> ] showed positive effect, while increase in [H⁺] showed zero effect. Negligible effect of mercuric acetate and ionic strength of the medium were observed. A transient complex, formed between [RuCl₆]^3- and amino acid in 1:1 ratio, disproportionates in a slow and rate determining step. Various activation parameters have been calculated. A suitable mechanism in agreement with observed kinetics has been proposed.

2 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

013140   Srivastava S;Shalini Singh;Srivastava S; Parul;Pushpanjali Singh (Chemical Laboratories, Feroze Gandhi College, RaeBareli-229 001, Email: she_ila72@yahoo.com) : Rhodium(III) catalyzed oxidation of cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone by acidic sodium periodate: a kinetic study. Int J pure appl Chem 2008, 3(2), 105-9.

The kinetics of rhodium(III) catalyzed oxidation of cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone by sodium periodate in acidic medium have been studied in the temperature range 30-45 °C. The reaction was carried out in the presence of mercuric acetate as a scavenger. The rate showed first-order kinetics with respect to the oxidant i.e. sodium periodate and catalyst Rh(III) chloride for both cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone. Both the substrate cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone showed first order kinetics at its lower concentration tending to zero order at higher concentration. Insignificant influence of mercuric acetate and ionic strength of the medium were observed while the reaction showed no effect of [Cl^-] and [H⁺] on the reaction rate for both cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone. Various activation parameters have been calculated. A suitable mechanism in agreement with observed kinetics has been proposed.

4 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref

013139   Srivastava S;Ashish Kumar;Srivastava P; Shalini Singh (Chemical Laboratories, Feroze Gandhi College, Rae Bareli-229 001, Email: she_ila72@yahoo.com) : Mechanistic study of ruthenium(III) catalyzed oxidation of xylose by acidified potassium bromate. Int J pure appl Chem 2008, 3(2), 83-6.

Kinetic investigation on ruthenium(III) catalyzed oxidation of xylose by an acidified solution of potassium bromate in the presence of mercuric acetate as a scavenger for Br ion have been carried out in the temperature range 30° - 45°C. First order kinetics in the lower KBrO₃ concentration range tended to zero order at higher concentration. The order of reaction with respect to substrate is zero but the order with respect to Ru(III) is one. Increase in [Cl^-] shows negligible effect while increase in [H⁺] shows negative effect. Negligible effect of mercuric acetate and ionic strength of the medium was observed. D₂O have an insignificant effect on the reaction rate. A suitable mechanism in conformity with the kinetic observations has been proposed, and the various activation parameters have been calculated.

3 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

013138   Srinivas A;Nagaraj A;Sanjeeva Reddy Ch (Chemistry Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal-506 009, Email: chsrkuc@yahoo) : Synthesis and nematicidal activity of 2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-(1H-nemzp[d]imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-4-aryl-1-thi a-4-azaspiro[4.5]decan-3-one. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(5), 787-91.

A series of N-cyclohexylidene-N-phenylamines 3 are prepared by the condensation of cyclohexanpne 1 with aryl amine 2, subsequent treatment of 3 with thiomalic acid give the corresponding 2-(3-oxo-4-aryl-1-thia-4-azaspiro[4.5]dec-2-yl)acetic acid 4, which on reaction with O-phenylenediamine give 2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-4-aryl-l-thia-4-azaspiro[4.5]decan- 3-one 5. Characterization of all the compounds has been done by IR, ¹H NMR, MS and elemental analyses. The antibacterial, antifungal and nematicidal activities of the compounds have also been evaluated.

1 sheet, 2 tables, 24 ref

013137   Solankee A;Solankee P;Patel H (Chemistry Dep, B.K.M. Science College, Valsad-396 001, Email: dranjani_solankee@yahoo.com) : Synthesis and antibacterial screening of some novel imidazolin-5-ones. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 1106-1110.

Some novel 1-(6'-methylpyridine-3'-carboxamido)-2-phenyl-4-(benzylidine/substitut ed benzylidene)-imidazolin-5-ones (la-e) have been prepared by refluxing the mixture of 5-oxazolones with 6-methylpyridine-3-carboxyhydrazide in pyridine. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity. The structures of synthesized compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis and spectral data.

2 tables, 11 ref

013136   Solankee A;Solankee P;Patel H (Chemistry Dep, B.K.M. Science College, Valsad-396 001, Email: dranjani_solankee@yahoo.com) : Synthesis of some novel hydrazones and their thiazolidine-4-ones. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 1017-20.

6-Methylpyridine-3-carbohydrazide on condensation with different aromatic aldehydes resulted in hydrazones, which on cyclocondensation with thioglycolic acid resulted in thiazolidine-4-ones. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed by analytical and spectral data.

1 table, 5 ref

013135   Singh R P;Chaudhary R (Chemistry Dep, S.G.P.G. College, Sarurpur Khurd, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh) : Physico-chemical studies of molybednum (VI)-β-amylase interaction. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(1), 291-308.

The binding of molybdate ions has been studied with b-amylase using polarography and equilibirum dialysis techniques. The extent of binding has been determined by means of Tanford's method and the value of average association constant (log K) and maximal number of binding site (n) have been calculated from Scatchard plot at pH 5.57. These have been found to be 3.3600 and 17, respectively. The non linear plots from polarographic and equilibrium dialysis at pH 5.57 are analysed for primary and secondary sites as well as well their apparent association constants. Their log KI and log K₂ have been found to be 3.9884 and 2.9348 from polarographic and 4.0355 and 3.2907 from equilibrium dialysis, respectively. The number of primary (n₁) and secondary (n₂) sites have been found to be 4 and 13, respectively. The involvement of single primary sites has also been confirmed from absorption spectra of Mo (VI) -β-amylase mixture, which revealed absorption peak at pH 5.57 and not at other higher pH values. In higher pH range, where polarographic is not applicable, so Mo (VI) binding to b-amylase is determined by dialysis equilibrium method at higher pH-range. These have been found to be 3.4070, 2.2788, 2.7980, 2.7568 and 17, 16, 14, 7 at pH values 5.57, 7.50, 9.50 and 11.50, respectively. A good correspondence among the data obtained from the two techniques supported that electrostatic effects are negligible and the alterations of binding constants is solely due to molybdate ion-p-amylase combination. The number of sites available for binding with molybdate ions is much less than the actual number of cationic groups on β -amylase molecule. The qualitative binding results of pH-metry and spectroscopy are also strongly support the results of diffusion current and dialysis methods. The pH dependence of Mo (VI) - β - amylase interaction could be explained by assuming an interaction with the positively charged groups such as e-ammonium, imidazolium and guanidinium groups, which are ionized at different pH levels. The involvement of fewer such groups in binding processing may be due to the in availability of all cationic groups due to folded structure of β-amylase molecule. However, owing to the complexity of the macromolecular structure, it was difficult to predict the nature of exact groups that were involved in the molybdate β- amylase interaction. The free energies of molybdenum (VI) - β - amylase complexes were also determined for the support of binding of Mo (VI) with β-amylase.

9 illus, 2 tables, 57 ref

013134   Singh P;Jatinder Kaur;Paul K (Chemistry Dep, Guru Nanak Dev Univ, Amritsar-143 005, Email: palwinder_singh_2000@yahoo.com) : Reactions of 5-benzoyl-/5-carbaldehyde-/5-(3-phenyl-acryloyl)-6-hydroxy-1H-[uro,odo m-2,4-diones with amines: Anti-cancer and metal sequestering properties. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(2), 291-6.

Reactions of 5-benzoyl- / 5-carbaldchyde- / 5-(3-phenyl-acryloyl)-6-hydroxyy-H-pyrimidine-2,4-diones and diamines result in the formation of corresponding enamines. Appreciable anti-cancer activities of compounds 2, 5, 6 and 8 at various cell lines of 59 human tumor cell panels have been observed. UV spectral studies of these compounds in solution with Cu(OAc)₂ and FeCl₃ indicate their interactions with Cu⁺² and Fe⁺³ ions.

2 Sheets, 2 tables, 24 ref

013133   Singh M S;Pratibha Singh;Pallavi Singh (Chemistry Dep. Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, Email: mssinghbhu@yahoo.co.in) : New tandem reactions for the construction of heterocycles via dianion strategy. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(5) , 767-72.

The reaction of chiral and achiral salen ditopic ligands with sodium in dry isopropanol generates remote O,O-dianions. The dianions thus generated in situ are trapped by suitable phosphorus dielectrophiles to yield 2-oxo and 2-thioxo-l,3,7-dioxazaphos-phadecines and 2-oxo and 2-thioxo-l,3,7,10-dioxadiazaphos-phatridecines in moderate to good overall yield. The products are characterized by elemental and spectral (IR, ¹H, ¹³C, ³¹P NMR and Mass) studies. A plausible mechanistic logic and concept utilized in the synthesis have been discussed.

3 sheets, 27 ref

013132   Singh Gagandeep;Banipal T S (Chemistry Dep, Lyallpur Khalsa College, Jalandhar-144 001) : Partial molar adiabatic compressibilities and viscosities of some amino acids in aqueous glycerol solutions at 298.15 K. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(9), 1355-64.

Apparent molar adiabaiic compressibilities, K_s,2,g and viscosities, ι, of glycine, DL-α-alanine. L-valine, L-leucine and L-phenylalanine have been determined in water and in mixed aqueous solutions of glycerol (0.5. 1.0. 2.0, 3.5. and 5.0 m_B molality of glycerol in water/mol kg^-1) at 298.15 K. These data have been used to calculate partial molar adiabatic compressibilities at infinite dilution. K_s,2⁰ and viscosity B-coefficientx, and their corresponding transfer functions. The positive partial molar adiabatic compressibilities of transfer at infinite dilution, Δ_u K_s,2⁰, have been observed for the studied amino acids (except at lower concentration up to = 0.6 m_B in some cases), and their magnitude increases with increase in concentration of glycerol. B-coefficient of transfer. Δ_uB, values are positive for these amino acids, which after passing through maxima =3.5 m_B decrease at higher concentration of glycerol. The activation energy for viscous flow in aqueous and mixed aqueous glycerol solutions has been calculated from B-coefficient and partial molar volume data. Hydration numbers, interaction coefficients and side chain contributions have also been calculated. These results have been discussed in terms of solute-cosolutc interactions, and an attempt has also been made to correlate these parameters with the stability of protein in aqueous glycerol solutions.

1 illus, 9 tables, 29 ref

013131   Sidhu A;Rai M (Dep of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: anjali sidhu_pau@yahoo.co.in) : Reaction of ethyl cyanoacetate with benzal-4-acetylanilines: An unexpected result. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(5), 778-80.

Reaction of ethyl cyanoacetate with benzal-4-acetylanilines 1a-10a, the compounds containing both azomethine and ketone linkages, in equimolar ratio, in the presence of pyridine yields solid products, which have been characterized as ethyl benzal-cyanoacetate and its derivatives 1b-10b on the basis of elemental analysis and spectral studies. The reaction of 1a-10a with two moles of ethyl cyanoacetate also results in the formation of the same products 1b-10b, by an unexpected attack of ethyl cyanoacetate on azomethine linkage only rather than on both the reactive centres i.e. carbon-nitrogen double bond and carbon-oxygen double bond.

1 sheet, 1 table, 4 ref

013130   Siddappa K;Tukaram Reddy P;Chandrakant Reddy P;Mallikarjun M;Tambe M;Mallikarjun K (Studies and Research in Chemistry Dep, Gulbarga Univ, Gulbarga-585 106, Email: siddappa_65@rediffmail.com) : Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluation studies of 1-(6-bromo-2-oxo-2h-chromen-3-yl)ethylidene)-2-methyl-4-oxoquinazoline -3(4h)-carbothiohydrazide and its metal complexes. Int J pure appl Chem 2008, 3(2), 87-96.

A quinazoline carbothiohydrazide based Schiff base ligand l-(6-bromo-2-OXO-2H-chromen-3-yl) ethylidene)-2-methyl-4-oxoquinazoline-3(4H)-carbothiohydrazide [BOCEMOQC] was prepared. The complexes were prepared by reacting the ligand [BOCEMOQC] and the metal chlorides of Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), Fe(III), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) in ethanol to get a series of mononuclear complexes. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibility, electronic, IR, 'H NMR, EPR, powder X-ray diffraction and thermal studies. On the basis of spectral studies Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Mn(II) and Fe(III), have assigned octahedral geometry, where the others of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes have assigned square pyramidal geometry. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the ligand and its metal complexes have been investigated, the complexes were found to have higher antimicrobial activity than the parent Schiff base ligand [BOCEMOQC].

2 illus, 7 tables, 40 ref

013129   Sherwani M R K;Sharma R;Bhutra R (Chemistry Dep, S.D. Govt. College, Beawar-305 901) : Micellar behaviour and solute-solvent interactions of copper soaps (derived from treated vegetable oils) in non-aqueous solvent. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 735-45.

copper soaps prepared from treated oils have been analysed for their micellar characteristics. Mustard and soyabean oils have been treated for 15 and 60 minutes. Densities of copper soap solutions of various concentrations have been measured and using density data, molar volume and apparent molar volumes have been evaluated. These parameters show a change at cmc, which suggests the micellar behaviour of the soaps. The critical micelle concentrations are found to decrease with increase in average molecular weight of the soap. The results of apparent molar volume have been explained on the basis of Masson's equation. The plots of apparent molar volume against √c are characterised by an intersection of two straight lines at the cmc of the soap. It has been observed that the solute-solvent interaction is more pronounced in dilute solutions while in concentrated solutions, solute-solute interaction becomes prominent. The cmc has been further confirmed by viscosity and acoustic parameters.

3 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

013128   Shawl A S;Rouf A;Tej Kumar;Qurieshi M A (NPC Div, Regional Research Laboratory, Srinagar-190 005) : Chemical investigation of essential of Lavandula X intermedia. Indian Perfumer 2008, 52(3), 33-5.

Essential oil from the flowering spikes and leaves of Lavandula X intermedia collected from RRL farm Bonera, Kashmir was investigated by GC and GC-MS. Thirty eight constituents representing > 96% of oil were identified. The main constituents were linalool (49.20%), 1,8-cineole (11.40), camphor (7.93) terpinen-4-ol (4.53), borneol(3.16), linalyl acetate(6.09), cis and trans β-ocimene(4.03) and β-caryophyllene(2.17).

1 tables, 10 ref

013127   Shawl A S;Nisar S;Tej Kumar;Nawchoo I A (NPC Div, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Sanatnagar, Srinagar-190 005) : Essential oil composition of Rosmarinus officinalis L. cultivated in Kashmir valley- India.. Indian Perfumer 2008, 52(3), 47-9.

The aerial parts of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) on steam distillation provided an essential oil with characteristic refreshing woody odour. Thirty eight compounds were characterized. Major compounds of the oil identified were α-pinene (16.33), 1, 8-cineole (14.33), camphor (22.01), camphene (9.28), β-pinene (5.97), β-phellandrene (5.19), bornyl acetate (4.59), myrcene (4.31), borneol (3.35), terpinen-4-ol (1.11), α-terpineol (1.03), verbenone (1.39), y-terpinene (1.04), linalool (1.16) and β-caryophyllene (2.88%).

1 table, 12 ref

013126   Sharma S;Shah M C;Dalwadi D;Thakkar F;Vora J J (Chemistry Dep, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat Univ, Patan, Gujarat, Email: smridhee2000@yahoo.co.in) : Solution state studies on thermodynamic parameters, mechanism of protonation and complex formation of binary complexes of La(III), Ce(III), Pr(III) and Nd(III) with aminopyridines. Res J Chem Envir 2008, 12(4), 29-34.

The determination of formation constants and thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH and ΔS) of binary Lanthonen(III) complexes (ML), where M = La (III) or Ce (III) or Pr (III) or Nd (III) and L = 2-aminopyridine or 3-aminopyridine or 4-aminopyridine have been carried out using Irving - Rossotti titration technique in aqueous media at different temperatures and at different ionic strengths. The formation constant (log β_n) have been calculated on IBM computer using least square methods. The S_min values are also calculated. The metal ligand formation constant values of selected aminopyridine were in the order 4-aminopyridine > 2-aminopyridine > 3-aminopyridine. The order of stability for metals is La < Ce < Pr < Nd. These orders can be explained on the basis of basicity of ligand, protonation of ligand, electronic configuration of metal ions, size and ionic potential of tripositive ion, charge/size ratio of metal ions and species distribution diagrams. The mechanism through which protonation and complex formation takes place have been also discussed and shown by chemical reactions. Species distribution curves of complexes have been plotted as function of pH using Fortran IV programs to visualize their equilibria system. To understand more about the nature of equilibria involving lanthanide(III) complexes with aminopyridines, the effect of dielectric constants on the stability of these complexes at different percentage of solvent variation and at different solvent systems has been studied.

3 tables, 24 ref

013125   Sharma R;Saxena M;Bhutra R;Tank P;Sherwani M R K (Chemistry Dep, S.D. Govt. College, Beawar-305 901) : CMC, solute-solvent and solute - solute interactions of copper (II) soaps derived from edible oils in methanol - benzene system at 303 K. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 839-49.

Copper soaps prepared from various edible oils have been analyzed for their micellar characteristics in non-aqueous media with different polarities. The present work deals with the study of copper (II) mustard (CM) and soyabean (CSo) soap in 20% and 40% methanol - benzene system. Density of soap solutions of various concentrations has been measured and by using density data, molar volume and apparent molar volume has been evaluated in order to determine the critical micelle concentration (cmc) in different solvent compositions, nature and size of the micelles formed and to test the validity of Masson equation, which provides a plausible explanation for solute - solvent and solute -solute interactions with the variation in the polarity of the solvent. The cmc values have been found to be greater in higher volume percent of methanol than those in higher volume percent of benzene. It has been observed that apparent molar volume decreases with the increase in the polar content in the solvent mixture for both the soaps φ_v (20%) > φ_v (40%). The apparent molar volume for CM soap is found to be higher than that of CSo soap for both the solvent compositions. Further, it has been observed that as the number of ionic polar heads increases in the soap content, the solute - solvent interaction also increases in both solvent mixtures i.e. φ°v₂ (CSo) > φ>°v₂ (CM)

3 illus, 4 tables, 23 ref

013124   Sharma R;Sahoo P K;Chaturvedi S C (School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Takshashila Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore-452 017, M P, India) : Quantitative structure-activity relationship studies of a new class of selective aldose reductase inhibitors. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(6), 957-62.

Quantitative structure activity relationship studies on a scries of [l,2,4]Triazino[4,3-a] benzimidazole acetic acid derivatives with selective aldose reductase inhibitor activity is made using a combination of various physicochemical descriptors. This is a new class of triazino benzimidazole derivatives having selective activity with minimum toxic effects. Several significant equations with good co-efficient of correlation (≥ 0.854) are obtained; the best model is selected using predictive ability of equations. The model shows positive contribution of logP towards biological activity i.e.. high hydrophobic nature of the molecules might be increasing the selective aldose reductase inhibitor activity.

2 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref

013123   Sharma R;Heda L C;Bhutra R;Ojha K G (Chemistry Dep, S.D. Govt. College, Beawar-305 901) : Conductometric studies of copper (II) soap in benzene - methanol at various temperatures. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 593-604.

Where A and B are constants, c is concentration of copper soap in g.moles/litre and μ is molecular conductivity. The values of log μ and B generally increase with temperature. Both the values of log μ and B also increase with increase in the volume percent of methanol in the system. The above system obeys the Krauss and Bray type expression and data show that in general, dissociation constant increases and limiting molar conductance decreases with the temperature upto 50% methanol in the solvent mixture. The work has been extended to collect thermodynamic parameters such as the heat of dissociation, ΔH°, to enable the behaviour of soap solutions to be better understood. In regard to chain length of the soap, the cmc values are in the order: Caprate < Caprylate. CMC increases with the increase in the methanol percent in the solvent mixture. The results confirm that the change in the nature of micelles from hydrophilic oleomicelles to lipophilic hydromicelles occurs in solutions at about 50% methanol.

4 illus, 5 tables, 20 ref

013122   Sharma J C;Gandhi J;Sharma A;Gupta N;Bhardwaj S (Chemistry Dep, Maharana Pratap Govt. P.G. College, Chittorgarh-312 001, Email: sidsidsmart@yahoo.co.in) : Photocatalytic reduction of silver (I) to metallic silver over SrWo₄. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 509-18.

An attempt has been made for photocatalytic removal of Ag (I) from its aqueous solution. The photoreduction of Ag⁺ ions at the surface of SrWO₄ has been investigated. The progress of reaction was observed by atomic absorption spectrophotometrically (AAS). The effect of variation of different parameters like pH, concentration of silver (I), amount of photocatalyst, light intensity etc. on the rate of reaction was observed. A tentative mechanism for this reaction has been proposed.

5 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

013121   Shankarwar S G;Shankarwar A G;Phase R P; Chondhekar T K (Chemistry Dep, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad-431 004) : Stability constant of the lanthanide (III) ion complexes with schiff bases. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(1), 385-9.

The work is undertaken to make a systematic solution study of the complex formation of lanthanide (III) ions with the Schiff bases synthesized from salicylhydrazide with (i) 4- methoxy benzaledehde (ii) 3,4,5, trimethoxybenzaledehde and (iii) furfuraladehyde. The stability constants of their complexes with lanthanides (III) ions have been determined at 30 ± 0.1°C potentiometrically in 40% THF-water mixture and 0.1M (NaClO₄) ionic strength. The lanthanides form 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complexes with all the Schiff bases and log k values show a break at gadolinium.

1 table, 14 ref

013120   Shah G C;Rawat T S (Chemistry Dep, Kumaun Univ Campus, Almora-263 601, Email: shah_gc@rediffmail.com) : Chemical constituents of Artemisia indica Willd.oil. Indian Perfumer 2008, 52(3), 27-9.

Essential oil from the aerial parts of Artemisia indica Willd. from Kumaun region of Uttarakhand obtained by steam distillation, was analysed by GC and GC-MS. Twenty nine constituents were identified. β-caryophyllene (8.3%), germacrene D(6.3), caryophyllene oxide(6.5), cis-β-elemenone (10.4) and selin-ll-en-4-a-ol (8.5) were found to be the major constituents of the oil.

1 table, 16 ref

013119   Shah B A;Bhatt A R;Shah A V (Chemistry Dep, Veer Narmad South Gujarat Univ, Surat-385 007, Email: bhavna606@yahoo.co.in) : Determination of consecutive stability constant of binary complex of Mn (II) with antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride by polarographic method. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(1), 309-17.

Polarographic measurements have been used to determine the consecutive stability constants of binary complex of Mn (II) with antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) at temperature 25 ñ 2øC, in presence of 1.0 M KC1 as supporting electrolyte and 0.1% gelatin as a maxima suppressor in an inert nitrogen atmosphere. Polarograms of Mn (II) - TC system at pH 7.3 ±0.1 in aqueous medium has been used to study the complex stoichiometry. The DeFord-Hume's method was applied for the analysis of polarographic waves arising from ion transfer reactions at DME interface and the successive stability constants of this system have been evaluated. The cathodic shift in E_1/2 coupled with decrease in diffusion current with increasing ligand concentration is observed during the experimental work.

5 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

013118   Serbetci Z;Cihan A (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Firat University, Elazig) : Spectroscopic studies of 2-(3-nitrophenyl)-1H-imidazole [4,5-f] [1,10]-phenanthroline and complexes. Int J pure appl Chem 2007, 2(2), 255-8.

The 2-(3-Nitrophenyl)-lH-ImidazoIe [4,5-f][l,10] phenanthroline ligand (L) and its complexes with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) acetates were synthesized. The structure of the complexes and ligand were characterized by using elemental analysis, UV, IR, NMR, TGA, DTA and magnetic measurements.

2 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

013117   Sayyed M A;Junne S B;Vibhute A Y;Vibhute Y B (P.G. Dep of Chemistry, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded-431 602, Email: drybv@rediffmail.com) : Improved protocol for synthesis of iodohydroxybenzaldehyde using iodine and iodic acid. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(1), 192-6.

Treatment of iodine and iodic acid on substituted hydroxybenzaldehydes affords respective iodo hydroxybenzaldehydes in high yield. The notable advantage of this protocol is no use of catalyst, mild reaction conditions, short time and simple operation with high yield of the products.

1 sch, 1 table, 18 ref

013116   Saxena V K;Goutam A (Natural Products Laboratory, Chemistry Dep, Dr. H.S. Gour Univ, Sagar-470 003) : Isolation and study of the flavone glycoside; luteolin-7- o-β-D-glucopyranoside from the seeds of the Capparis decidua (forsk). Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(1), 7-10.

Capparis decidua Forsk1-4 (NO.Capparidaceae) is commonly known as Karer in Hindi. It has been found to possess important medicinal value. It is used for curing stomach troubles, piles and dysentery. The alcoholic extract of this plant is used as analgesic, diaphoretic and anthelmintic. The communication deals with the isolation and structural elucidation of flavone-O-glycoside, characterized as; luteolin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside isolated from the seeds of the Capparis decidua.

10 ref

013115   Sarka K;Martina Z (Faculty of Science, South Bohemia Univ, C. Budejovice, CZECH REP, Email: sklement@jcu.cz) : UV Photochemical degradation of a phenyl-urea herbicide chlorotoluron. Res J Chem Envir 2008, 12(4), 5-11.

UV photochemical degradation of chlorotoluron was shown to be a photolytic process non-influenced by the presence of environmentally important catalyst (ferric ions) or sensitizers (soil humic isolate and humic peatbog wate), independent of pH values in the range from 2 to 11, with φ = 0.008. Reaction proceeds via chloride ions release and hydroxy'derivative formation. Significant extent of mineralization was observed (20% of C in 90 min. of irradiation). Reaction rate depends on a solvent, reaction rate constant in water, water : methanol = 95:5 (v/v) and methanol being 0.065 min^-1, 0.036 min^-1 and 0.12 min^-1 resp. In the highly absorbing humic water samples, degradation through the interaction with HO radicals is suggested.

7 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

013114   Saravanan S;Namitharan K;Muthusubramanian S (School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj Univ, Madurai-625 021, Email: muthumanian 2001@yahoo.com) : Synthesis and characterization of 5-(cyclohexylsulfanyl)-4-aryl-1,2,3-selena/thiadiazoles. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(2), 305-9.

The synthesis and characterization of new 5-(cyclohexyl-sulfanyl)-4-aryl-1,2,3-selena/thiadiazoles, obtained from the α-sulfanyl semicarbazones are described. The structures of these compounds have been established by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and single crystal X-ray diffraction.

^ssc2 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref

013113   Sanjeeva Reddy C;Raghu M;Nagaraj A (Chemistry Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal-506 009, Email: chsrkuc@yahoo.co.in) : Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) promoted efficient solid phase synthesis of amide derivatives: A green approach. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(2), 315-8.

Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) has been found to be an efficient catalyst for the solid phase synthesis of amide derivatives of a wide range of substituted carboxylic acids and urea in excellent yields under microwave irradiation conditions. High yields are achieved even on a gram scale, while reaction times are considerably shortened. This method displays both economic and environmental advantages.

^ssc2 sheets, 2 tables, 12 ref

013112   Sanjeeva Reddy C;Nagaraj A (Chemistry Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal-506 009, Email: chsrkuc@yahoo.co.in) : p-TsOH catalyzed regioselective synthesis of 8,8'-methylene-bis-4-oxo-dihydro-chromeno[4,3-c]pyrazoles. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(2), 319-24.

The ethyl-5-[3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-4-hydroxybenzyl]-2-hydro-xybcnzoale 3 is prepared by the usual esterification of 5-(3-carboxy-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-hydroxy benzoic acid 2. Compound 3 on reacting with ethyl acetoacetate yields 3-acetyI-6-[(3-acctyl-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-6-chromenyl)methyl]-4-hydroxy -2H-2-chro-menone 4. The regioselective conversion, by cyclizing the hydrazone 5 of compound 4 to either 8,8'-methylene-bis-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazoles 6 with p-toluene sulfonic acid in reflux ing xylene or 8,8'-methylene-bis-4-oxo-2,4-dihydro chromeno[4,3-c]pyrazoles 7 with corresponding hydrazine hydro-chloride in refluxing acetic acid is described.

^ssc1 illus, 1 table, 25 ref

013111   Sammaiah G;Narsaiah N;Dayakar G;Vijaya Kumar B;Krishnaveni J;Prashanth M;Srivastava R S (Pharmaceutics Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005) : Constituents and cytotoxicity of Polygala erioptera. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 643-6.

Helioxanthin has been isolated from petroleum ether extract of whole plant of Polygala erioptera. The petroleum ether extract and helioxanthin showed cytotoxicity on HeLa cell line.

1 table, 8 ref

013110   Sahu S;Sahu S;Patel S;Dash S;Mishra B K (Centre of Studies in Surface Science and Technology. Chemistry Dep, Sambalpur Univ, Jyoti Gihar-768 019, Email: bijaym@hotmail.com) : Deoximation of keto- and aldoximes to carbonyl compounds. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(2), 259-71.

Oxime is a protected form of carbonyl compound and is considered to be their equivalent. Various methods arc adopted for the deoximation processes to effectively and suitably obtain the parent or new aldehydes and ketones. Dcoximation can be achieved using various processes like oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, hydrogenation etc. using organic and inorganic reagents. Besides, some surface templated processes and photochemical processes are also used to give products in a remarkably effective way.

26 sheets, 3 tables, 120 ref

013109   Sahayaraj K;Ravi C (NO, Crop Protection Research Centre, St. Xavier's College, Palayamkottai-627 002, Email: ttn_ksraj@sancharnet.in) : Preliminary phytochemistry of Ipomea carnea jacq. and Vitex negundo linn. leaves. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(1), 1-6.

The result of this study reveals that the uptake and transformation of plant natural products and volatiles constitute an important array of substances governing the sensitivity of the herbivore in food selection. Hence, an understanding of the variability of secondary metabolites and their role in insect repellence need attention in near future. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of I. carnea and V. negundo showed the presence of compounds such as phenols, saponins, xathoproteins, triterpenoids, tannins and flavonoids. The major compounds identified through GC-MS in V. negundo are 1H-indene, cyclododecanol, patchoulane, l,2-dihexylcyclopropene-3-carboxylic acid, 2-heptenoic acid, (+) -aromadendrene, trans-caryophyllene, 7-oxabicyclo [4.1.0] heptane, cyclohexane, farnesol, pentadecane and 1-octanol. Neophyadiene, 1-decanol, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecane, 1-iodo-2-methylundecane, trans-caryophyllene, eicosane, 2-butenoic acid and cholestan-3-one are the major secondary metabolites in I. carnea. Further identification of the compounds through IR, NMR etc. is necessary to find out the exact compound responsible for insecticidal property.

2 tables, 12 ref

013108   Sadikoglu M;Yilmaz S;Yildiz M (Chemistry Dep, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, 17020 Canakkale, Turkey, Email: seletyilmaz@hotmail.com) : Potentiometric investigations and effects of substituents on basicity of some benzaldehyde, thiazoles and their derivatives with schiff base type in acetonitrile and nitrobenzene. Int J pure appl Chem 2007, 2(2), 223-7.

The basicity of the 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 2-aminobenzothiazole, 2-aminothiazole and their derivatives with Schiff base type, namely (E)-2-[(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl]phenol (1), (E)-2-[ (benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl]-4-chlorophenol (2), (E)-2-[(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino) methyl]-4-bromophenol (3), (E)-2-[(thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)phenol (4), (E)-4-brorno-2-[(thiazol-2-ylirnino)methyl]phenol (5) and (E)-4-chloro-2-[(thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl]phenol (6) was investigated potentiometrically in acetonitrile and nitrobenzene. All compounds were given rather well-shaped and stochiometric titration curves in acetonitrile. The compounds 1, 2 and 3 yielded rather well-shaped and stochiometric titration curves in nitrobenzene, while the compounds 4, 5 and 6 did not yield any curves in the same solvent. The effect of the basicity of substituents on basicities of these compound was investigated. The orders of the basicity of substituents are found as 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1)> 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3)> 5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2) and 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4)> 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (6)> 5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (5)

3 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

013107   Sadikoglu M;Solak A O;Dal H;Kilic Z (NO, Kahramanmaras Sutcii Imam Univ, Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Dep, Email: muratsadik69@yahoo.com) : Modification of glassy carbon electrodes with aryl diazonium salts: the effect of the modified glassy carbon electrodes on reduction of 4-{[(1E)- (5-nitro-2 hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}-1,5-dimethyl-2 phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-one (5-NSP). Int J pure appl Chem 2007, 2(2), 213-21.

The electrochemical reduction of 4-{[(1E)-(5-nitro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}-l,5-dimethyl-2-ph enyl-2,3-dihydro-lH-pyrazol-3-one (5-NSP) was studied by using cyclic voltammetry in 0.1 M tetrabutylampnium tetrafluoroborate (TBATFB) in acetonitrile at glassy carbon (GC) and modified GC electrodes. The GC electrodes were grafted by electrochemical reduction of diazonium salts. GC surfaces modified with radicals of anthraquinone, p-nitrophenyl, p-aminophenyl, p-amino-N,N-dimethylphenyl and p-methoxyphenyl were used to be investigate of electrocatalytic reduction of 5-NSP. The compound 5-NSP has three reduction peaks in a cyclic voltammogram. These peaks were observed at about-1.35 V, -1.85 V and -2.7 V on the GC electrode surface. The reduction peaks of 5-NSP were obtained for all the modified electrodes studied. The p-methoxyphenyl modified electrode showed a significant increase in the rate of electron transfer at the reduction of 5-NSP.

5 illus, 40 ref

013106   Sadikoglu M;Serin S (Chemistry Dep, Kahramanmarap Sutcu Yamam Univ, Faculty of Science and Arts, Kahramanmaras, Turkey, Email: muratsadik69@yahoo.com) : Synthesis and characterization of Ni(II) complexes of some schiff bases and investigation of metal to ligand mol ratios and the stability constants with the continuous variation method. Int J pure appl Chem 2007, 2(1), 61-5.

Three Schiff base ligands which were prepared from a mixture of 2-hydroxy-l-naphtaldehyde with 2-methyl-5-chloroaniline, 2,5-dichloroaniline and 3-chloroaniline, respectively (A¹, A² and A³) and their Ni(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, electronic spectra and magnetic susceptibility techniques. In addition, the stoichiometry and the stability constants of the complexes were determined by applying the conventional spectrophotometric of continuous variation method (Job's method). The stabilities of Ni(II) complexes of the naphtaldimine Schiff bases containing the electron donor or acceptor groups on the 2- and 5- position of phenyl ring were studied as connected with the role of the molecular structure. It was observed that the Ni(II) complex of A¹ Schiff base containing an electron donor -CH₃ group on the 2- position of phenyl ring was more stable than the other complexes.

1 illus, 3 tables, 28 ref

013105   Rubavathy Jaya Priya A;Rajavel R;Prasad S (Chemistry Dep, Periyar Univ, Salem-636 011, Email: drrajavel@rediffmail.com) : Synthesis, spectroscopic characterisation and antimicrobial activity of metal complexes with quadridentate schiff base. Res J Chem Envir 2008, 12(4), 65-9.

The Schiff base complexes are formed newly using different transition metals at their stable oxidation state as Copper(II), Nickel(II) and Oxovanadium(IV). 2-hydroxy-1-napthaldehyde, 4,5 dichloro-orthophenelynediamine and salicylal-dehyde were condensed to form a new unsymmetrical Schiff base ligand having an azomethine group responsible for better chelating to the metal center. Authenticities of the ligand and their complexes have been established by IR, electronic, conductivity and cyclic voltammetry. The antimicrobial activity of the monobasic tetradentate Schiff base ligand and its complexes against the microbes such as Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli have been carried out using Mutter Hinton Agar as medium. All of these complexes showed significant activities than the free ligand.

3 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

013104   Rathore S S;Sharma R;Sharma A;Bhardwaj S (P.G. Dep of Chemistry, Govt. College, Sirohi-307 001) : Photochemical method for estimation of thiourea using sodium nitroprusside. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(1), 127-35.

A newer fast, convenient and inexpensive quantitative method for the determination of thiourea using photochemical exchange reaction of sodium nitroprusside has been investigated. Sodium nitroprusside is a photolabile complex and it undergoes photochemical ligand exchange reactions rapidly. Some efforts have been made to utilise such reactions for the estimation of some sulphur containing anions and electron rich organic molecules. The progress of the reaction has been observed spectrophotometrically. The effects of different parameters like pH, change of concentration of sodium nitroprusside, concentration of ligands, light intensity etc. on percentage error was investigated. The efforts were made to minimise the percentage error and some optimum conditions were obtained. Such reaction can be used for the determination of thiourea in the range of millimoles to micromoles and hence, it is important to know whether such estimations can be done successfully and that to with the desired accuracy.

4 tables, 18 ref

013103   Ramesh D;Chandrashekhar C;Vaidya V P (Chemistry Dep, Kuvempu Univ, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta-577 451, Email: vaidyavijaya@hotmail.com) : Synthesis of novel naphtho[2,1-b]furo[3,2-b]pyridine derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(5), 753-8.

The starting materials 2-acyl-3-aminonaphtho[2,,1-b]furans 4a-b have been directly synthesized from 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde oxime by treating with α-haloketone through Thrope-Ziegler reaction. The compounds 4a-b undergo Friedlander cyclization on treatment with active methylene compounds, and produce title compounds 5a-b, 6a-b and 7a-b. Some other routes for the synthesis of various derivatives of this new heteroeycle have been investigated. All the newly synthesized compounds are characterized by elemental analysis, spectral studies, and have been evaluated for antimicrobial activity.

1 sheet, 1 table, 27 ref

013102   Ramaeswara Rao M;Chandrasekhar K B;Devanna N (Chemistry Dep, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological Univ, College of Engineering, Anantapur-515 002, Email: raamesh_1120yahoo.co.in) : Determination of thorium (IV) in presence of micellar medium by derivative spectrophotometric technique. Int J pure appl Chem 2008, 3(2), 97-103.

A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for determination of thorium (IV) using newly synthesized 3-methoxysalcilaldehyde-4-hydroxybenzoylhydrazone (MSHBH) reagent in a micellar medium of Triton X -100 (neutral surfactant). Thorium (IV) forms a yellow coloured water soluble complex with the reagent in acidic buffer medium pH 4.25. Beer's law obeyed in the range 0.232 to 4.641 μg/ml of Th (IV) λ_max at 394 nm. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity of coloured species are 2.0 x 10⁴ l.mol^-1.cm^-1 and 0.012 μg/cm² respectively. Thorium (IV) forms (M: L) 1:1 complex and stability constant of the complex is 1.95 x 10⁵ The developed derivative spectrophotometric method was employed for the determination of thorium (IV) in monazite sand.

5 illus, 5 tables, 18 ref

013101   Rajendra Prasad Y;Srinivasa Rao A;Sridhar S; Rambabu R (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Div, AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003, Email: dryejella@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis and studies of anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity of some new 4-amino chalcones. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(1), 234-44.

A series of new 4'-amino chalcones were synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation of 4-amino acetophenone with various substituted aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes. The synthesized chalcones were characterized by IR, ¹H NMR and elemental analyses. When these chalcones (3a-h) were evaluated for anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal activities, some of them were found to possess significant activity, when compared to standard drugs.

2 illus, 5 tables, 15 ref

013100   Rajanarendar E;Moha G;Kalyan Rao E;Siva Rami Reddy A;Praveen B;Srinivasa Rao M (Chemistry Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal-506 009, Email: eligeti_rajan@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis, antimicrobial and mosquito larvicidal activity of N -protected amino acid/peptide isoxazoles. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(5), 781-6.

A series of N-protected amiho acid/peptide isoxazoles 4-12 and 15-16 have been synthesized and the antimicrobial activity evaluated against three gram positive, three gram negative bacteria and five plant pathogenic fungi. Mosquito larvicidal activity of the newly synthesized compounds is also studied against fourth instar larve Culcx quinquefasciatus.

2 sheets, 5 tables, 11 ref

013099   Puranik S B;Pai R;Pai P N S;Rao G K (Quality Assurance Dep, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Hosur Road, Bangalore-560 027, Email: sangpur@rediffmail.com) : Gas chromatographic determination of residual levels of methanol and chloroform from liposomal, microspheres and nanoparticles. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 693-704.

The use of liposomal formulations has rapidly gained popularity in pharmaceutical research and development. Their preparation often involves the use of organic solvents such as methanol and chloroform to dissolve lipophilic lipids. In the study, gas chromatographic method for the determination of methanol and chloroform residual levels in liposomes was developed using GC 17 A Shimadzu with FID (a flame ionization detector) and the separation was carried out on BP 624 column (4% cyanopropyl phenyl and 94% dimethyl silixone, 30 m X 0.53 mm i.d. X 0.25 μm coating thickness), with nitrogen as a carrier gas in the split mode by direct injection method. The method was validated according to 1CH guidelines. The method described is simple, sensitive, rugged, reliable and reproducible and requires less time than other reported methods for the quantisation of methanol and chloroform levels from liposomal formulations of lamivudine and stavudine.

11 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

013098   Pawar P Y;Bhise S B (Pharm. Chemistry Dep, College of Pharmacy, Ahmednagar-414 111, Email: pawarpy2001@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 6,7-bis[3-(4-substituted phenyl)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-2-ylidene amino]quinoxaline-2,3 (1H,4H)-diones. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 1032-40.

6,7-Diaminoquinoxaline-2,3(lH,4H)-dione (1) on treatment with substituted aromatic iso-thiocyanate yielded 6,7-bis[3'-aryl thiocarbamido]-quinoxaIine-2,3(lM4//)-diones (2a-e), which on cyclisation with monochloroacetic acid in presence of anhydrous sodium acetate and glacial acetic acid afforded 6,7-bis[3-(4-substitutedphenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-ylideneamino]quinox aline-2,3 (IH, 4H)-diones (3a-e). The constitution of the synthesized compounds is supported by IR, ¹H NMR, Mass and elemental analysis. The compounds were subjected to preliminary in vitro evaluation for antibacterial activity against various Gram-positive bacterial strains Staphyllococus aweus, Bacillus cereus and Gram-negative strain Pseudomonas aeuroginosa,

2 tables, 15 ref

013097   Pawan;Surander Singh;Gupta R K (Chemistry Dep, Guru Jambeshwar Univ of Science and Technology, Hisar-125 001, Email: p_siwach1@yahoo.com) : Selective synthesis of 2-picoline via vapour phase methylation of pyridine over nanocrystalline ferrospinels of Cd_1-xCr_xFe₂O₄ type (X = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0). Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 1041-9.

Methylation of pyridine with methanol was investigated over Cd_1-xCr_xFe₂O₄ (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0) type ferrospinels prepared via low temperature co-precipitation method. 2-Picoline and 3-picoline were found to be major products. Products distribution and individual selectivity depends on the acido-basic properties of catalysts. It was observed that system possessing high 'x' value were highly selective for 2-picoline. Cd/Cr ionic composition in spinel lattice influences the acido-basic properties of catalysts. The influence of surface acid-base properties, cation distribution in the spinel lattice and various reaction parameters are discussed.

4 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

013096   Pathak V N;Jain M;Tiwari A;Rupadevi S (Chemistry Dep, Centre of Advanced Studies, Rajasthan Univ, Jaipur-302 004, Email: pathakvijain@yahoo.com) : New routes for the synthesis of 5-nitro-2-aryl-1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity. Int J pure appl Chem 2007, 2(2), 245-53.

Solvent free synthesis of 5-Nitro-2-aryl-lH-indole-3-carboxaldehyde (3a-i) has been successfully accomplished in high yields and lesser time in ecofriendly conditions by using Green Chemistry Techniques (Grindstone chemistry, Microwave irradiation) and ultrasonication. 5-Nitro-2-arylindoles (2a-i) on treatment with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and phosphorus oxychloride (POCl₃) gave the desired title products. All the synthesized compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses and spectral data (IR, PMR and FAB Mass).They have also been evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities and some of them have shown promising results against S.aureus, E.coli and A. niger, R.bataticola.

3 illus, 5 tables, 26 ref

013095   Patel B P;Patel H S;Patel K C (Chemistry Dep, Veer Narmad South Gujarat Univ, Surat-395 007, Email: profkcpatel@yahoo.co.in) : Copolyesters based on s-triazine moiety: synthesis and characterization. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(6), 885-91.

Ten copolyesters have been synthesized by high temperature polycondensation of 2-(β-naphthylamino)-4,6-bis(naphthoxy-3-carbonyl chloride)-s-triazine [NANCCT] with each of the mixture of diols:[Bisphenol-A(BPA)-Bisphenol-C(BPC)], [BPA+Hydroquinone(Hq)], [BPA+1,5-Dihydroy naphthalene(1,5-DHN)], [BPA+1,4-Dihydroy anthraquinone(1,4-DHA)], [BPA+Catechol(C)], [BPA+Resorcinol(R)], [BPA+Ph], [Ph+1,4-DHA], [Ph+C] and [Ph+R]. All the copolyesters have been characterized by solubility, density, viscosity measurements. IR and NMR spectra, and thermogravimetric analysis. All the copolyesters are soluble at high temperature in acetone, dimethylformamide (DMF). dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), dimethylacetamide (DMA), etc. and have reduced viscosity in the range 0.400-0.641 dL/g in DMF at 30°C. Copolyester derived from diol mixture[BPA+1,4-DHA] show greater thermal stability than the other copolyesters.

2 illus, 3 tables, 32 ref

013094   Parihar S K;Goswami A K;Raina A M (Chemistry Dep, K.R. (P.G.) College, Mathura-281 001) : Stabilization of O/W emulsions by polymer surfactant mixture. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(1), 205-11.

Mixed emulsifters consisting of a nonionic (PVP) or cationic potymer (JR-400) and ionic surfactant (anionic sodium dodecylsulphate, SDS and cationic dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, DTAB) have been found to produce greater stabilizing effects than single polymer or surfactant taken separately as emulsitiers. Greater emulsion stability of such systems is ensured by the presence of a protective layer formed by the polymer and charged species resulting from polymer/surfactant interaction. This result is of significant practical importance. The combination of surfactant and polymers improved the desired properties of the products because addition of a polymer enhances the adsorption of surfactants to a surface.

2 tables, 7 ref

013093   Paranjape T B;Gokhale G D;Samant S D (Chemistry Dep. Institute of Chemical Technology, Univ of Mumbai, N M Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai-400 019, Email: samantsd@yahoo.com) : Chloroacetylation of arenes using chloracetyl chloride in the presence of FeCl3 modified montmorillonite K 10. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(2), 310-14.

Chloroacetylation reaction of arenes using chloroacetyl chloride has been studied in the presence of Fe-modified montmorillonite K10 catalysts in a liquid phase. The catalysts have been prepared by treating montmorillonite K10 with aqueous solution of FeCl₃, Good yields and selectivity are obsererved for the acylated product.

^ssc1 sheet, 5 tables, 20 ref