013092   Pandhare G R;Mane R A;Deshpande Y H (P.G. Dep of Chemistry, Padamshri Vikhe Patil College, Pravaranagar-413 713, Email: pandharegr@rediffmail.com) : Synthesis, spectral and physicochemical studies on Mn (II) and Fe (III) complexes derived from schiff bases. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(1), 318-24.

Ligation properties of Schiff bases derived from 2- aminophenol and substituted aldehydes have been investigated for this purpose. Mn (II) and Fe (III) complexes of these are synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, magnetic, thermal and spectral studies. The complexes conform to 1 : 1 stoichiometry and are non-electrolytic in nature. The coordination of the ligand to the metal ions is found to be through azomethine nitrogen and phenolic oxygen of the Schiff bases in the octahedral environment. Most of the metal complexes show antimicrobial activity.

2 tables, 21 ref

013091   Paira M;Misra R;Roy S C (Dep of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700 032, Email: ocscr@iacs.res.in) : Ceric(IV) ammonium nitrate catalysed synthesis of β-enaminones. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(6), 966-9.

β-Enaminones have been synthesized in good yield from 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and activated amines in the presence of eerie ammonium nitrate as catalyst.

1 sheets, 1 table, 21 ref

013090   Padmavathi V;Sudheer K;Padmaja A (Chemistry Dep, Sri Venkateswara Univ, Tirupati-517 502, Email: vkpuram2001@yahoo.com) : Double michael addition reactions of methyl-3-aryl-2(Z-styrylsulfonyl) acrylate. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(5), 734-9.

The double Michael addition of active methylene compounds, viz., dimethyl malonate, ethyl cyanoacetate and malononitrile to methyl-3-aryl-2-(Z-styrylsulfonyl)-acrylate is described.

1 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

013089   Ozgur Ozsar A;Balcioglu N (Chemistry Dep, Hacettepe Univ, 06810, Ankara, Turkey, Email: ozsar@baskent.edu.tr) : Theoretical investigation of double bonds effects on the oxy-cope rearrangements and oxy-retro-ene reactions. Int J pure appl Chem 2008, 3(1), 21-6.

Oxy-Cope rearrangements of l,5-hexadien-3-ol, la, and its derivatives are important reaction types in the organic chemistry to synthesize larger systems via ring enlargement. In this study, the double bond effects on the oxy-Cope rearrangements and the oxy-retro-ene reactions and the progress of reactions have been investigated using DFT method at the B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory. Additional double bond on C1-C2 bond of 1,5-hexadien-3-ol, la, decreases activation barrier by 2.8 kcal/mol for oxy-Cope type rearrangement. For oxy-retro-ene reactions, additional double bond on Cl-C2 bond of 4-hydroxy-l-butene, Ic, has no significant effect on the activation enthalpy, but on C2-C3 bond, it was found that the activation barrier decreases 2.7 kcal/mol. Introducing the vinyl and the ethynyl groups on the 4-hydroxy-l-butene, Ic, 4-hydroxy-l-butyne, 2c, and 4-hydroxy-l,2-butadiene, 3c, at C-4 further decrease activation enthalpy by about 1.9-4.0 kcal/mol for oxy-retro-ene reactions.

2 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

013088   Okwu D E;Ezenagu V (Chemistry Dep, Michael Okpara Univ of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria, Email: okwudonatus@yahoo.com) : Evaluation of the phytochemical composition of mango (Mangifera indica linn) stem bark and leaves. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 705-16.

The phytochemical contents and medicinal values of Mangifera Indica stem barks and leaves were investigated. The results showed that the plant parts contain the presence of bioactive compounds comprising alkaloids (0.84 - 9.66 mg 100 g^-1), flavonoids (6.86 - 11.24 mg 100 g ^-1), saponins (3.22 -8.48 mg 100 g ^-1), tannins (0.09 - 0.75 mg 100 g ^-1) and phenols (0.09 - 0.75 mg. 100 g^-1). The plant also contains water soluble vitamins comprising ascorbic acid (7.92 - 29.92 mg. 100 g^-1 ), riboflavin (0.08 - 0.09 mg. 100 g ^-1), niacin (0.55 - 0.75 mg 100 g ^-1) and thiamine (0.02 - 0.45 mg. 100 g^-1 ). Both plant parts are good sources of minerals such as Ca, Mg, K, Zn, Cu and Cd. These results showed that extract from mango (Mangifera indica) stem barks and leaves may have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions.

3 illus, 3 tables, 31 ref

013087   Okwu D E (Chemistry Dep, Michael Okpara Univ of Agriculture Umudike, P.M.B 7276. Umuahia. Abia Stata, Nigeria, Email: okwudonatus@yahoo.com) : Citrus fruits: a rich source of phytochemicals and their roles in human health. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 451-71.

Citrus fruits are the main fruit trees grown throughout the world and are well - appreciated for their refreshing juice and health benefits. Numerous therapeutic properties have been attributed to citrus fruits, like anticancer, antiviral, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory activities, and effects on capillary fragility as well as an ability to inhabit platelet aggregation. More recently, therapeutic values related to cardiovascular diseases and age related macular degeneration have been reported. These numerous health benefits of citrus fruits are linked to the high amounts of photochemical and bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, carotenoids, vitamins and minerals available in citrus fruits. These phytonutrients may act as antioxidants, stimulate the immune systems; induce protective enzymes in the liver or block the damage of the genetic materials. The phytonutrients and vitamins may be responsible for the antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties of the citrus species. The citrus species have numerous applications in herbal medicine and as fruits in Nigeria. In this review, the protective effects of citrus flavonoids and carotenoids against cancer, tumor growth, cardio diseases and macular degeneration along with various healing benefits and nutritional values of citrus fruits have been discussed.

^iia4 illus, 5 tables, 50 ref

013086   Nitin Kumar;Drabu S (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110 062, Email: sushma_drabu@yahoo.com) : Synthesis, Spectral characterization and biological screening of some 2-amino pyridines. Int J pure appl Chem 2008, 3(1), 5-9.

2-aminocyano pyridines were synthesized by reacting different chalcones with malonitrile and ammonium acetate in presence of ethanol. The initial materials, chalcones, were synthesized by mixing an aqueous solution of NaOH, acetophenone and aromatic aldehydes in ethanol. Purity of all the intermediate and titled compounds were checked by Thinlayer Chromatogfaphy (TLC) and the structure elucidation of each compound was characterized by ¹HNMR, IR spectral data and elemental analysis results. All the synthesized compounds were also screened for their anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan induced rat paw edema method. All synthesized compounds and the standard drug were taken in a dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight. Some of the synthesized compounds showed good anti-inflammatory activity when compared to standard drug indomethacin.

7 illus, 5 ref

013085   Neelamma M;Venkateswar Rao P;Jyothi V (Chemistry Dep, P.G. College of Science, Saifabad, Hyderabad-500 004, Email: pallapothulav@yahoo.com) : Synthesis and structural studies on transition metal complexes derived from 2-methyl propanal-1H-benzimidazol-2YL-hydrazone. Int J pure appl Chem 2007, 2(2), 205-11.

Transition metal complexes of Cr (III), Fe (III), Mn (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) with a bidentate ligand derived from the condensation of 2-hydrazine benzimidazole and isobutyraldehyde (MPBH) were synthesized. Characterization has been done on the basis of analytical, conductance, thermal and magnetic, infrared, 'H NMR, electronic, mass and ESR spectral data. From analytical, conductance and other physico chemical data, the tachometry of the complexes has been found to be 1:1 (metal to ligand). The general formula of the divalent complexes is [MLC1₂ (H₂O)₂] and trivalent complexes is [MLC1₃H₂O], where L = MPBH. Infrared spectral data suggest that the ligand MPBH behaves as a neutral bidentate ligand with N: N donor sequence. On the basis of the above physico chemical data, it is proposed that all the complexes were assigned octahedral geometry. The ligand and the metal complexes were screened for their physiological activities against E.coli and S.aureus. The order of the activity has been found to be Mn (II) > Fe (III) > Co (II) > Ni (II) > Cr (III) > Cu (II) > MPBH against E.coli and Mn (II) > Fe (III) > Co (II) > Ni (II) > Cu (II) > Cr (III) > MPBH with respect to S.aureus.

5 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref

013084   Narendra Babu S N;Rangappa K S (Studies in Chemistry Dep, Univ of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore-570 006, Email: rangappaks@yahoo.com) : Design, synthesis, antibacterial and antitubercular activity of cationic antimicrobial peptide, ovine bactenecin5. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(2), 297-304.

A series of shorter synthetic peptides analogues of ovine bactenecin 5 (OaBacS), Phe-Arg-Pro-Xaa (Xaa= Phe, Met, Tyr and Trp) are designed and synthesized. The tetra peptides synthesized are conjugated with the isonicotinic acid at the N-terminal of the tetra peptides to study the change in the biological activity. The shorter synthetic tetra peptide analogues of OaBacS and isonicotinic acid conjugated tetra peptides are more active against Gram negative bacteria than Gram positive bacteria. For Gram negative bacteria, the overall order of antibacterial activity of the synthesized tetrapeptides is found to be Phe-Arg-Pro-Trp > Phe-Arg-Pro-Phe > Phe-Arg-Pro-Mel > Phe-Arg-Pro-Tyr. The isonicotinic acid conjugated tetra peptides have showed reduced antibacterial activity when compared to the tetra peptides. All the peptide derivatives showed moderate antitubercular activity. None of the peptides exhibited prominent haemolytic activity.

7 tables, 27 ref

013083   Mittal P;Uma V (P.G. Dep of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Govt. College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, Email: drvuma@gmail.com) : Coordination behaviour and biological activity of unsymmetrical bis-hydrazone towards manganese (II) ion. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 1050-60.

Bis-hydrazones were prepared by condensation of cinnamaldehyde monohydrazone with p-anisaldehyde, p-chlorobenzaldehyde and m-nitrobenzaldehyde. Manganese (II) complexes of these (Schiff base) bis hydrazones were prepared in 1 : 2 ratio. Elemental analysis, IR, ¹H NMR, UV spectral studies and conductance measurement reveals that bis-hydrazones are bidentate ligands with N, N-donor atoms. A tetrahedral geometry was suggested for all the complexes. The Schiff base ligands, and their complexes were tested against different bacteria as well as fungi. The metal complexes exhibited higher antibacterial activities, than the parent ligand and their biopotency is discussed.

2 illus, 4 tables, 26 ref

013082   Mishra A;Sanja D B;Sanghani A M;Godhani D R (Chemistry Dep, Bhavnagar Univ, Bhavnagar-364 002, Email: drgodhani@yahoo.com) : Inhibiting properties of some sodium salts on corrosion behavior of aluminium alloys (1060) in the presence of organic acids. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 665-75.

Inhibition of corrosion of aluminium alloy (1060) in aqueous solution of acetic acid, monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid in the presence of sodium arsenite and sodium nitrite in relation to the concentration of inhibitor and concentration of corrosive media by applying loss in weight method was observed and for above support, electrostatic measurements were made to study the corrosion behavior.

8 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

013081   Mehta S B;Zala R V;Dave P N (Chemistry Dep, Bhavnagar Univ, Bhavnagar-364 002) : Mordant dyes derived from 4-(2-phenyl-4-OXO-3-quinazolinyl-4' - amino diphenyl sulfone and its m (II) - schiff base complexes. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(1), 185-91.

The aim of this study is to determine the stability constant and dyeing characteristics of some quinazoline metal complexes as M (II) - Schiff base complex systems. The Schiff bases derived from condensation of 4-(2-phenyl-4-oxo-3-quinazolinyl)-4'-aminodiphenyl sulfone with different aldehydes are, 4-(2-phenyl-4-oxo-3-quinazolinyl) -4' (benzylidineVamino diphenyl sulfone [PBADS]; 4-(2-phenyl-4-oxo-3"-quinazolinyl)-4'(2-chloro benzylidine)-amino diphenyl sulfone [P-2- CBADS]; 4-(2-phenyl-4-oxo-3-quinazolinyl)-4' (2-hydroxy-l- naphthylmethine)-amino diphenyl sulfone [P-2- HNMADS] and 4-(2-phenyl-4-oxo-3-quinazolinyl)-4'(2- hydroxy benzylidine)-amino diphenyl sulfone [P-2- HEADS].

1 illus, 4 tables, 21 ref

013080   Maurya R C;Sahu S;Bohre P (Coordination and Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory. Chemistry Div. Fac, Mody Institute of Technology and Science, Lakshmangarh-332311, Email: rcmauryal@gmail.com) : Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial activity and 3D-molecular modeling of some oxoperoxomoloybdenum (VI) chelates in mixed (O,O) coordination environment involving 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde and β-diketoenolates. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(9), 1333-42.

A new series of four mixed-ligand complexes of oxoperoxomolybdenum(VI) of the general composition, [MoO(O₂)(2-hnd)(L)]-H₂O, where 2-hndH = 2-hydroxy-l-naphthaldehyde and LH = O-acetoacetanisidide (O-aansH), O-acetoacetotoluidide (O-aatdH). acetylacetone (acacH) or methyl acetoacetate (macacH), has been synthesized by the interaction of [MoO(O₂)]²⁺ (in situ obtained during the interaction of MoO₃ and 30% H₂O₂ on continuous stirring at 50°C for 24 h) and the ligands in aquous-ethanol medium. The complexes so obtained have been characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance, decomposition temperature and magnetic measurements, thermogravimetric studies, ¹H-NMR. IR, mass and electronic spectral studies. Antibacterial studies of the ligand and the metal complexes have also been carried out. The complexes have been found to be more potent bactericides than the ligands. The 3D-molecular modeling and analysis for both bond lengths and bond angles have also been carried out for one of the representative compounds, [MoO(O₂X2-hnd)(O-aatd)]-H₂O (1), to substantiate the proposed structure. Pseudopentagonal bipyramidal structures have been proposed for these complexes.

3 illus, 7 tables, 53 ref

013079   Manrao M R;Daljit Kaur;Kaul V K (Biochemistry Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 004) : Synthesis and nematicidal activity of thio substituted aldimines. Indian J agric Chem 2008, 41(1), 31-5.

Thio substituted aldimsnes (I-VII) were prepared by condensing 2-aminothiophenol with benzaldehyde and substituted benzaidehydes. The synthesized aldimines were identified and confirmed on the basis of elemental analysis and spectral studies and were tested in vitro against Ditylenchus myceliophagus and Meloidogyne incognita by aqueous screening technique. Compounds I and V have been found to possess promising nematicidal activity against M. incognita and D. myceliophagus respectively.

2 tables, 11 ref

013078   Malani N;Pohani S;Baghmar M;Sharma P K (Chemistry Dep, J N V Univ, Jodhpur-342 005, Email: drpkvs27@yahoo.com) : Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of some thioacids by morpholinium chlorochromate. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(9), 1373-6.

Oxidation of thioglycollic, throlactic and thiomalic acids by morphohnium chlorochromate is first order both in MCC and thioacids. The reaction is catalysed by hydrogen ions. The hydrogen ion dependence takes the form k_obs=a+b [H⁺]. Oxidation of the thiolactic acid has been studied in nineteen different organic solvents. The solvent effect has been analysed by using Kamlet's and Swain's multiparametric equations. A mechanism involving the formation of a thioester and its decomposition in slow step is also proposed.

4 tables, 23 ref

013077   Mahajan N S;Jadhav R L;Pimpodkar N V;Mali K K;Manikrao A M (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, Satara College of Pharmacy, Satara, Maharashtra, Email: nsmahajan17@gmail.com) : Synthesis and evaluation of 2-mercaptothiazole-propionic acid derivatives of biological interest. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 605-12.

The title compounds have been synthesized from 4-phenyl-2-mercaptothiazole (I), which was synthesized by the reaction of phenacyl bromide and ammonium dithiocarbamate. This compound (1) on treatment with various N-substituted β-chloropropionamide (II) furnishes the title compounds. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of spectral data. All these compounds were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. These compounds possessed moderate antibacterial and antifungal activities at compared with standard drugs.

4 tables, 16 ref

013076   Li J T;Lin Z P;Liu C T (College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei Univ. Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Heb, Baoding 071002, P R China, Email: lijitai@yahoo.com.cn) : Conjugate addition of indole with 1,5-diaryl-1,4-pentadien-3-ones catalyzed by AlCl₃ under ultrasonication. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(2), 283-90.

The conjugate addition of indoles with 1,5-diaryl-1,4-pentadien-3-ones catalyzed by A1C1₃ affords the corresponding products in moderate yields under ultrasonication at room temperature within 60-170 min.

3 sch, 2 tables, 20 ref

013075   Kumar Naresh;Yadav A K (Chemistry Dep, Univ of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004, Email: drakyada@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis of some new 10H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]benzothiazine and their ribofuranosides as possible chemotherapeutic agents. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(5), 748-52.

N-(2',3',5'-tri-0-6enzoyI-p-D-ribofuranosyl)-8-chloro-7-methyl/7,9-dii nethyl/8-chloro-9-methyl-3-nitro pyrido[3,2-b][1, 4]benzothiazine have been synthesized by the treatment of 10H-8-chloro-7-methyl/7,9-dimethyl/8-chloro-9-methyl-3-niox)pyrido[3,2 -b][1,4]benzothiazines-with β-D-ribofuranose-1-acetate-2,3,5-tribenzoate in toluene. Compounds 10H-S-chloro-7-methyl/7,9-dirnethyl/8-chloro-9-rnethyl-3-nitro pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]benzothiazine and 10-acetyl-8-chloro-7-methyl/7,9-dimethyl/8-chloro-9-methyl-3-nitro pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]benzothiazine-5-oxide have been synthesized. The structure of all the synthesized compounds have been established by elemental analysis, IR and ¹H NMR spectral data. All the synthesized heterocyclic compounds and their ribofuranosides have been screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activity.

1 sheet, 2 tables, 28 ref

013074   Krishna Kumar M M;Krishna K;Muralidhar P; Sastry B S;Venkata Rao D (Univ College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra Univ, Visakhaptnam-530 003, Email: dvraodod@rediffmail.com) : New scalarane sesterterpene from a marine spong Hyatella cribrifomis hyatt of the Indian ocean. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(2), 325-8.

A new scalarane sesterterpene, 24-β-methoxyscalarolide 4. along with known scalaranes- 12-epi-deoxoscalarin 1,12-epi-12-deacetyl-25-deoxyscararin 2 and scalarolidc 3 has been isolated from a marine sponge, Hyatella cribriformis, of the Indian ocean. The structure of compound 4 has been determined on the basis of H and ¹³C NMR, DEPT, ¹H-¹H CQSY and EIMS experiments.

^ssc1 illus, 1 tables, 9 ref

013073   Krishanakumar G;Krishnan Kutty K;Raju K; Mohanan S;Varghese H T;Yohannan Panicker C (Physics Dep, TKM College of Arts and Science, Kollam, Kerala) : Novel thermo-acoustic analysis to detect photochemcial reaction of salbutamol. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 1081-92.

A new thermo-acoustic analysis has been used to detect the photochemical reactions in salbutamol, a drug used as anti asthmatic/bronchodilator. Certain direct and derived acoustic parameters of pure medicine and that exposed to solar radiations have been determined as a function of temperature. Plots of these parameters versus temperature have been made. The nature of variation and the relative shift in the curves for the exposed samples compared with the unexposed ones have been used to study photochemical reactions. The results have been explained in the light of existing theories and confirmed using UV absorption spectra of the samples.

6 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

013072   Koshti S M;Sonar J P;Sonawane A E;Pawer Y A; Nagle P S;Mahulikar P P;More D H (School of Chemical Science, North Maharashtra Univ, Jalgaon-425 001, Email: dhmore@rediffmail.com) : Synthesis of azo compounds containing thymol moiety. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(2), 329-31.

The work includes the synthesis of azo compounds containing thymol moiety.

^ssc1 sheet. 1 table, 12 ref

013071   Kathuria S;Gupta P K;Dhamiwal N R (Chemistry Dep, Punjabi Univ, Patiala-147 002, Email: nrd_pup@yahoo.com) : Micellar effecs on dye sensitized photooxidation of phenothiazine. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(9), 1384-8.

Methylene blue sensitized photooxidation of phenothiazine (PTH) in sodium dodecylsulphate, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide and brij-35 in methanol-water, ethanol-water and acetonitrile-water gives phenothiazine-3-one (PTN) and phenothiazine sulphoxide as the products at low conversion. A small shift in the λ_max indicates the formation of an additional product, which is destroyed during the separation. An inverse relationship between log φ (φ= quantum yield of PTN formation) and 1/∈₀ (∈₀ = dielectric constant of the medium) supports the participation of singlet oxygen (^IO₂) at low [PTH]. A mechanism consistent with the results showing the participation of ¹O₂ at low [PTH] and electron transfer-exciplex formation at high [PTH] is postulated. The formation of phenothiazine sulphoxide has been suggested to be through the phenothiazinyl radical.

1 illus, 4 tables, 36 ref

013070   Katade S;Phalgune U;Biswas S;Wakharkar R; Deshpande N (T R Ingle Research Laboratory, Sir Parshurambhau College, Pune-411 030, Email: rkatade@hotmail.com) : Microwave studies on synthesis of biologically active chalcone derivatives. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(6), 927-31.

Synthesis of pyrazole derivative using microwave energy has been carried out. The compound 1-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)~ phenyl]-ethanone, is prepared from p-hydroxy-acetophenone and 2-chloro-ethanol. Chalcone derivative has been prepared by the condensation reaction of l-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-phenyl]-ethanone with 4-chlorobenzaldehyde. This chalcone derivative cyclised with hydrazine hydrate and glacial acetic acid under microwave irradiation conditions give pyrazole derivative. These products have been characterized by detailed spectral analysis and have beer, screened for their antimicrobial activity, against Eschenchia coli. Proteus vulgaris, and Salmonella typhimurium.

2 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

013069   Karim M;Sarma R L;Medhi C (Chemistry Dep, Gauhati Univ, P O Gauhati Univ, Guwahati-781 014, Email: chitrani@satyam.net.in) : Theoretical studies on the initiation of alkylation pathway by aziridine ring of mitomycin C at guanine nucleobase of DNA. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(6), 892-902.

The aziridine ring of mytomycin C interacts with guanine nucleobase of DNA in the alkylation reaction in this context the activation of aziridine ring at the intermediate state may be analysed for understanding the various steps in the overall mechanism when aziridine may target directly the guanine nucleobase or after ring opening. It is shown that aziridine ring opening is an important step in alkylation reaction.

6 illus, 9 tables, 23 ref

013068   Kar D;Ghosh D (Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science Dep, B.C.K.V., Kalyani-741 235) : Chemical characterization and metal interaction of humic and fulvic acids extracted from well decomposed FYM. Indian J agric Chem 2008, 41(1), 9-18.

Humic and fulvic acid fractions of humic substance extracted from well-decomposed FYM were characterized after isolation, purification and lypholyzation for elemental composition, oxygen containing functional groups and degree of humification (E₄/ E₆). Fulvic acid contained more oxygen but less nitrogen and carbon than humic acid. Higher amount of oxygen containing functional group (COOH) resulted in more acidity (8.7 me/g) and exchange capacity of fulvic acid as compared to humic acid (6.1 me/g). Lower E₄/ E₆ ratio of humic acid (7.19) than fulvic acid (9.67) indicated the more aromatic and condensed nature of humic acid. The potentiometric titration curves of humic and fuivic acids in presnece of different metals (Fe³⁺, Mn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺) followed the same order for both. The drop of pH followed the order Fe³⁺ > Cu²⁺ > Zn²⁺ > Mn²⁺ which indicated the order of their affinity in complex formation and stability index.

3 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref

013067   Kalwadia B;Ola S;Kishore D (Chemistry Dep, Banasthali Univ, Banasthali-304 002-Kishoredharma@yahoo.co.in) : Synthesis of condensed pyrido [1, 2-a] pyrimidine and pyrimido [4, 5-d] pyrimidine derivatives from cyanoketene sithioacetal. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(1), 166-7.

Cyanoketene dithioacetal are known to undergo cyclocondensation with 2-amino pyridyl amines to give pyrimidine derivatives. The aim of the investigation has been to examine the versatility of cyanoketene dithioacetal in the synthesis of substituted pyrido [1,2-a] pyrimidine and pyrimido [4,5-d] pyrimidine derivatives from 2-aminopyridines. Cyanoketene dithioacetal (1) on reaction with variously substituted 2 -aminopyridine derivatives (2a-t) formed 2-ethoxy-3-cyano-4-oxo-4 -H-pyrido [1,2-a] pyrimidine (3a-f) and 2-ethoxy-(2-methylthio)-3-cyano-4-oxo-4 -H-pyrido [1,2-a] pyrimidine derivatives (4a-f) in high yields. Subsequent reactions of (4) with (i) primary amines (ii) hydrazine hydrate (iii) hydroxyl amine (iv) acetamidine hydrochloride afforded the corresponding pyrimidine derivatives (5-6a-f), pyrazole derivatives (7a-f), isoxazole derivatives (8a-f) and pyrimido [4,5-d] pyrimidine derivatives (9a-f), respectively in good yields.

2 sch, 2 tables, 17 ref

013066   Kalia S B;Kaushal G;Kumar M;Kumar S;Khanduja K L (Chemistry Dep, Himachal Pradesh Univ, Shimla-171 005, Email: shashibalakalia@rediffmail.com) : Physicochemical studies on some 4-methylpiperazine-1-carbodithioate complexes of zinc(II), cadmium(II) and mercury(II). Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(9), 1323-32.

New 4-methylpiperazine-l-carbodithioate (4-MPipzcdt) complexes of the general formula [M(4-MPipzedtX)₂](Y)₂ (M = Zn(II), X = H and Y = ClO₄. Cl; M = Cd(II), Hg(II), X = H and Y = Cl; M = Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) when X and Y = nil) and mixed-ligand complexes, viz. [M(4-MPipzedtX)_a(L)_b] Y (L = 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and 2,2'-bipyridyl (bipy); M = Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), X = H when Y = Cl₂, a = 2, b = 1; M = Zn(II), X = nil where Y = Cl when a = 1, b = 2 and Y = nil when a = 2, b = 1) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, conductance measurements, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and electronic absorption spectral, and room-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements. Two of these complexes, viz. Zn(4-MPipzedt)₂ and [Hg(4-MPipzedtH)₂](Cl)₂ have been screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans and pathogenic gram-negative Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis using the agar dilution method. Two complexes, viz. M(4-MPipzedt)₂ (M = Zn(II), Cd(II)) have also been screened for their antileukemic activity.

5 tables, 58 ref

013065   Joseph Selvaraj S;Alphonse I;John Britto S (Chemistry Dep, St Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli-620 002, Email: sjbrittorht@yahoo.com) : New lactone from aerial parts of Tiliacora acuminata. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(6), 942-4.

A new lactone 4-hydroxy-3-[heptadeca-5'(ε),11'(ε)-di enyl]-5-nonadecadihydrofuran-2(3H)-one has been isolated from the aerial parts of both male and female plants of Tiliacora acuminata. Its structure has been determined by spectroscopic methods and chemical reactions.

1 table, 20 ref

013064   Jose J;Paliwal M;Gupta N;Punjabi P B;Sharma V K (Photochemistry and Solar Energy Laboratory, Chemistryn Dep, M. L. Sukhadia Univ, Udaipur-313 002) : Synthesis, characterisation and use of LaCrO₄ as photocatalyst. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(1), 111-21.

Photocatalysis has been established as an emerging technology for wastewater treatment since photocatalytic activity of number of semiconducting materials has already been established. For a number of chemical reactions, ternary oxides have been used as photocatalysts. In the investigation, ternary oxide of lanthanum has been synthesized using co-precipitation. Synthesized catalyst has been characterised using X-ray diffraction patterns. Photocatalytic bleaching of methylene blue using lanthanum's ternary oxide was observed spectrophotometrically. The effect of variation of different parameters like concentration of methylene blue, pH, amount of semiconductor and light intensity was observed on the rate of photocatalytic bleaching. A tentative mechanism for the photocatalytic bleaching of methylene blue has been proposed.

1 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

013063   Jose C V;Joy A T (Chemistry Dep, St. Thomas College, Thrissur-680 001, Email: beelinemannuthy@rediffmail.com) : Synthesis and characterization of complexes of manganese (II) with 2-(furan-2-formylimino) benzimidazole. Res J Chem Envir 2008, 12(4), 85-8.

Complexes of Mn(II) with 2-(Furan-2-formylimino)benzimidazole have been synthesized. Characterization has been done on the basis of elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, magnetic studies, IR and electronic spectral studies. Complexes has been found psychopharrnaco-logically more effective in taming, hypnotic activities and possess much higher toxicity as compared to the ligand. Complexes with distorted octahedral geometry with ML₂X₂ stoichiometries have been reported (where x=Cl, NO₃, CH₃COO & C₆H₅COO)

2 tables, 24 ref

013062   Jing W;Ding S W;Farrg L S (College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, HeBei Univ, Baoding 071002, China, Email: wangjing9804@163.com) : Synthesis of nano-BaTiO3 by liquid-state methods. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(9), 1365-8.

Nano-BaTiO₃ powder has been synthesized witli TICl₄ and Ba(OH)₂ by different liquid-state (atmospheric, hydrothermal and microwave) methods. Its phase, shape and capacity have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering and LCR data. XRD pattern of the series of the nanometer powders demonstrates that BaTiO₃ has cubic structure. TEM shows that the products have a shape of uniform, substantially spherical particles. Powder synthesized by microwave method has the least grain size, the lowest sintering temperature, and the best dielectric capacity. Microwave method requires less reaction time, little grain size, and narrow grain size distribution.

4 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

013061   Jangwan J S;Dobhal M (Chemistry Dep, H.N.B. Garhwal Univ, Campus, Badshahithaul, Tehri-249 199, Email: jsjangwan@yahoo.co.in) : New flavanone triglycoside from Moringa olefera. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(1), 358-62.

From the methanolic extract of the stem of Moringa olefera, a new flavanone triglycoside has been isolated and elucidated as 7-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-5-O-methyl naringenin-4'-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(l → 2)]-β-D-glucopyranoside by NMR and Mass data.

1 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

013060   Jana J (Chemistry Dep, Krishnagar Govt. College, Krishnagar, Nadia, West Bengal, Email: jiban_jana@yahoo.co.in) : Density functional and molecular orbital studies on the activation of donor-acceptor sub-systems, charge transfer and binding in the H₃BNCH and H₃BNCCH₃ complexes. Part-I density functional study. Int J pure appl Chem 2007, 2(1), 135-54.

The nature of geometry reorganization of the acceptor (BH,) and the donors (HCN and CH₃CN), i.e., the nature of change in bond lengths and/or bond angles as an effect of complex formation is justified and also may be prior predicted in terms of global and local density functional parameters. Due to reorganization of geometrical parameters from equilibrium values to that corresponding to the complexes, the activation of the acceptor and the donors to the better ones is well reflected under density functional study. Under local density functional study it is identified that N is the reactive center of CH₃CN in both the donation and back-donation processes but N is the reactive center of HCN in case of donation whereas for back-donation process C is the reactive center. The greater donating capability and lower accepting capability of CH₃CN are shown in terms of global and local density functional parameters. It is further furnished that though f⁺ and σ⁺ are faithful parameters for correlating the capability of relative power of π-acidity, σ ^- is the powerful and faithful parameter for correlating the relative donating ability, i.e., the order of f⁺ and σ⁺ is the order of π-acidity power and the order of σ^- dictates the order of donating power. Thus σ ^- is identified as more fundamental than f^- in correlating the relative donating ability of the donors.

2 illus, 14 tables, 85 ref

013059   Jadhav R L;Mahajan N S;Shinde R V;Ghorpade V S;Jagadale V L;Jadhav U G (Pharmaceutics Chemistry Dep, Satara College of Pharmacy, Plot No. 1539, New Add MIDC, Degaon- Satara-415 004, Email: rahuljadhav_25@rediffmail.com) : Simultaneous spectrophotometric estimation of itopride and rabeprazole in combined dosage from. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 613-18.

Two simple, rapid and accurate methods have been developed for the estimation of itopride and rabeprazole in the mixture. Itopride has absorbance maxima at 257.5 nm and rabeprazole has absorbance maxima at 292 nm in 0.0IN NaOH. The linearity range was observed in 5-25μg/mL for itopride and rabeprazole. First method is based on simultaneous equation and second method is based on Q absorbance ratio. Absorbances at isoabsorbtive point 271.9 nm and at λ_max of rabeprazole were measured for Q absorbance ratio method. These methods were validated statistically. The recovery study confirmed the accuracy of proposed methods.

1 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

013058   Jadhav R L;Mahajan N S;Pimpodkar N V;Magdum C S A (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, Satara College of Pharmacy, Plot No. 1539, Behind India Ltd, Additional MIDC, Satara-415 004, Email: trahuljadhav_25@rediffmail.com) : Use of Eugenia jambolana fruit extract as a natural indicator in acid base titration. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 637-42.

Eugeniajambolana family myrtaceae is a large deciduous tree, originally from India. The pulps of the fruit are pH sensitive and give different colors in acidic condition (pink) and basic condition (greenish yellow). The work highlights the use of Eugenia jambolana fruit extract as an acid base indicator in different types of acid base titrations. The equivalence points obtained by the fruit extract matched with the equivalence points obtained by standard indicators. Therefore, this natural indicator is found to be a very useful, economical, simple and accurate for acid base titration.

2 tables, 11 ref

013057   Ismail T;[et al.] (Synthetic Chemistry Dep. Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard. Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110 062, Email: hmskumar@yahoo.com) : Biologically active hydroxymoyl chlorides as antifungal agents. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(5), 740-7.

Several oximes and oxime ethers have been developed as antimicrobial agents. A series of chlorooximes (hydroximoyl chlorides) have been synthesized and tested for antifungal activity under in-vitro conditions against Candida albicans. Candida parapsitosis, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei, Aspergillus funigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. The derived antifungal activity has been compared with the corresponding oximes. The results show that most of the chlorooximes exhibit potent antifungal activity with anti-isomers showing better activity. It is observed that most of the chlorooximes show interesting antifungal activity (MICs ≤ 32 μg/mL) compared to oximes. Compound 3q (2,3-dimethoxy phenyl hydroxymoyl chloride) is the most active compound. This compound is active against all the Candida species (MIC 0.5 μg/mL) as well as filamentous fungi with MIC range of 2-4 μg/mL. This series of compounds are fungicidal in nature as evident from the MFC results.

3 tables, 19 ref

013056   Islamoglu F (Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Rize Univ, Rize 53100, Turkey, Email: fatihislamoglu53@hotmail.com) : Determination of pka values of some 4-(substituted benzylamino)-4,5-dihydro-1 H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one derivatives in non-aqueous solvents. Int J pure appl Chem 2008, 3(2), 129-34.

Sonic 4 (substituted benzylamino)-4,5-dihydro-1 H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one derivatives were titrated with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) in four non-aqueous solvents (isopropyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, N,N -dimethylformamide and acetonitrile), using potentiometric method. The half neutralization potential values and the corresponding pKa values were determined for all cases.

3 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

013055   Illa Rani;Jadon S P S (Chemistry Dep, S.V. College, Aligarh-202 001, Email: sps_jadon@yahoo.co.in) : Spectral characterization of reaction product of oleic acid and hexahydroxycyclophosphozene. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 519-25.

[NP(OH)₂]₃ was mixed with oleic and refluxed in DMF in presence of cone. H₂SO₄. The mass, produced, was estimated quantitatively, along with its mass and I. R. spectra. The product has been assigned the structure [P₃N₃ (OH)₄]₄-[O-CO-(CH₂)7-CH=CH-(CH₂)₈-]5H ₂ as an open chain polymeric compound.

3 illus, 9 ref

013054   Ilango K;Ramya S;Gopinath G (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, S.R.M. College of Pharmacy, S.R.M. Univ, Kattankulathur-603 203, Email: kilango67@yahoo.com) : Antibacterial activity of Leucas aspera Spreng. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 526-30.

The whole plant of Leucas aspera was first defatted with hexane and discarded. Then the remaining marc was successively extracted with ethyl acetate and methanol and both the extract were concentrated under vacuum to yield corresponding ethyl acetate extract (EAE) and inethanolic extract (ME). Extractive value was found to be 5.68% w/w and 9.73% w/w, respectively. Preliminary phytochemical screening reveals the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids and sterols in both the extracts. Both EAE and ME were screened for its antibacterial activity against four gram positive and six gram negative bacteria at different concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 μg/disc by agar diffusion method. The activities of both the extracts were compared with standard antibiotics, by measuring the dimension of the zone of microbial growth (zone of inhibition) around the disc. Both the extracts exhibited a significant antibacterial activity against all the screened microorganisms.

2 tables, 8 ref

013053   Hitesh Kumar B N;Prakasam T;Srinivasan P S; Arabindoo B;Ramana D V (Research and Development, Malladi Drugs and Pharmaceutical Ltd., No. 52, Jawaharlal Nehru Road, Ekkattuthangal, Chennai-600 097) : Beckmann rearrangement of α-oximinoketones. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(6), 3 sheets, 2 tab.

The Beckmann rearrangement of α-oximinoketones gives benzole acids as chief isolable products. Both first order and second order Beckmann rearrangements have been observed. The occurrence of first order Beckmann rearrangement in these oximinocarbonyl compounds is confirmed through the identifica-tion of the products obtained.

3 sheets, 2 tables, 12 ref

013052   Habibi Khorassani S M;Maghsoodlou M T; Ebrahimi A;Zakarianejsd M;Mohammadzadeh P;Shahraki M (Chemistry Dep, The University of Sistan and Balouchestan, P.O. Box 98135-674, Zahedan, Iran, Email: smhabibius@yahoo.com) : Kinetic study and mechanism: an investigation of the reactions between triphenylphosphine, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and NH-acid such as 2-aminobenzimidazole by UV. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 647-64.

The works undertaken were to carry out kinetic studies of the reactions between triphenylphosphine, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in the presence of NH-acid, such as 2-aminobenximidazole. Determines the kinetic parameters of the reactions, they were monitored by UV spectrophotometry. The second order fits were automatically drawn and the values of the second order rate constant (k₂) were calculated using standard equations within the program. At the temperature range studied, the dependence of the second order rate constant (In k₂) on reciprocal temperature was in agreement with Arrhenius equation. This provided the relevant plots to calculate the activation energy of all reactions. Furthermore, useful information were obtained from studies of the effect of solvent, structure of reactants (different alkyl groups within the dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates) and also concentration of reactants on the rate of reactions. Proposed mechanism was confirmed according to the obtained results and steady state approximation and first step (k₂) of reaction was recognized as a rate determining step on the basis of experimental data.

14 illus, 3 tables, 37 ref

013051   Gupta M;Shrivastava S K (Applied Chemistry Dep, Government Engineering College, Jabalpur-482 011) : Physico-chemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of some new varieties of oil seeds. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(1), 227-33.

Five new varieties of oil seeds, viz Arachis hypogaea JGN-3, Brassica compestries VARUNA, Carthamus tinctorius JSF-1, Glycine max JS-90-41 and Helianthus annus KBSH-1 have been studied for their physico-chemical characteristics and fatty acid composition. Distinct differences in free fatty acid (0.41-0.70%), iodine value (95.19-148.47), saponification value (174.83-194.13) and refractive index (1.4630-1.4681) were observed. Qualitative differences were observed in the fatty acid composition. Total saturated fatty acids ranged from (3.11-37.39%); unsaturated fatty acids varied from (62.58-96.87 %). Palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acid were major fatty acids in most of the oil seeds, except in Brassica compestries VARUNA, which contained 9.63% linolenic acid and 65.20% erucic acid.

3 tables, 23 ref

013050   Govinda Chowdary P;Mohan Reddy K P P R; Krishna Reddy V;Raveendra Reddy P (Chemistry Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraja Univ, Anantapur-515 055, Email: vkreddy_sku@yahoo.co.in) : 2-Hydroxy-l-naphthaldehyde-p-hydroxybenzoic hydrazone as a spectrophotometric reagent for the determination of lanthanum (III). Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(9), 1381-3.

A new chromophore, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde-p-hydroxybenzoic hydrazone has been used for the determination of lanthanum (III). The reagent reacts with lanthanum (III) in aqueous dimethyl formamide in wide pH range Conning brownish yellow coloured 2:3 (M:L) soluble complex with λ_max at 415 nm. The colour intensity further increases in the cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide micellar medium (0.1%) at room temperature. Beer's law is obeyed in the range 0.277-8.334 μg ml^-1 and 0.008-2.639 μg mL^-1 of La(III) in direct and derivative methods, respectively. The molar absoiptivity, Sandell's sensitivity, detection limit, determination limit and relative standard deviation arc found to be: 2.38 x 10⁴ L mol^-1 cm^-1, 0.006 μg cm^-2, 0.035 μg mL^-1, 0.106 μg mL^-1 and 0.42%. respectively. The second order derivative spectrophotometric method developed for the determination of lanthanum (III) shows greater sensitivity and selectivity. The proposed direct and derivative methods are applied for the determination of lanthanum in standard lanthanum samples.

1 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

013049   Gaur S;Purohit R;Ranka M (Chemistry Dep, J.N.V. Univ, Jodhpur-342 001) : Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of furazolidone and its complexation with amino acids. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(1), 219-26.

Newly synthesized drug, fiirazolidone from the reaction of 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde and 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone with effective pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, interacts with amino acids viz, cysteine, histidine, tyrosine and trypotophan to form complexes. The stability of the complexes indicates fairly stable complex formation. Thermodynamic and IR spectral parameters were obtained.

2 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

013048   Fellah M F;Onal I (Chemical Engineering Dep, Middle East Technical Univ, Ankara, 06531, Turkey, Email: ional@metu.edu.tr(I.Onal)) : C-H bond activation of methane by pure and Fe and Al doped silica: A density functional study. Int J pure appl Chem 2007, 2(1), 127-33.

C-H bond activation was studied by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations as implemented in SPARTAN (2002) at the B3LYP level using 6-31G** as the basis set. Transition state calculations were, in general, performed for determination of activation barriers. Relative energy profiles were determined for pure and Fe and Al doped silica clusters by using coordinate driving calculations. The transition state activation barrier calculated for the Fe doped cluster was found to be 40.4 kcal/mole. Approximate transition state activation barriers obtained for Al doped and pure silica clusters were 66.2 and 73.4 kcal/mole, respectively. The activation barrier for C-H bond activation of methane decreases with substitution of Fe and Al on the silica surface, which theoretically demonstrates the favorable effects of Fe and Al substitution on that surface. The activation energy is substantially decreased from the approximate transition state value of 73.4 kcal/mole for pure silica cluster to 40.4 kcal/mole obtained for the transition state for Fe substituted silica.

6 illus, 1 table, 34 ref

013047   Fathalla M F;Kassem T S;Hamed E A (Dep Chemistry. Faculty of Science, Alexandria Univ, P O 426 Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt, Email: mffathalla@hotmail.com) : Kinetics of the reaction between methyl 2,4-dichloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoate and piperidine - solvent effect. Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(9), 1348-54.

The rate constant for the reaction of methyl 2,4-dichloro-3,5-dinitrobenzoate (1) with different piperidine concentrations have been measured spcctrophotomctrically in nine pure solvents, viz. methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, t-butyl alcohol, acetonitrile, dimethysulphoxide, dioxane and benzene at different temperatures to study the effect of the solvents. The kinetic results postulate three solvation models: (a) alkanol extensively solvating the amine and weakening the intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the intermediate; (b) the non-polar solvents enhance the intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the intermediate increasing the nucleophilicity of amine; (c) the dipolar aprotic solvents solvate the amine and timely solvating the intermediate by intermolecular hydrogen bond. The solvent parameters have been correlated with the rate constant for the reaction through linear free energy relationships. The adequacy of the multi-parametric scales as appropriate approaches to describe the solvent features in microscopic environments has also been analyzed.

3 tables, 34 ref

013046   Fahim Uddin;Qazi Zaheerul Hasnain;Saeed R (Chemistry Dep, Karachi Univ, Karachi-75270, Pakistan, Email: fahim_uddin01@yahoo.com) : Photoreduction of thionine by monomethylamine in 50% aqueous methanol. Int J pure appl Chem 2007, 2(1), 51-9.

The photochemical reaction of thionine [Th] with monomethylamine was studied in 50% aqueous methanol at 25°C ± 0.1 in a specially constructed apparatus. The acidities of the reaction solutions were determined by using Hammett acidity function [H₀]. The effect of concentration of monomethylamine, thionine, acidity and temperature on quantum yield (φ) was studied and found that quantum yield is a function of acidity as well as concentration of reductant [AH₂] and temperature. The results interpreted in terms of proposed reaction mechanism led to the conclusion that quantum yield of the reactions of thionine with monomethylamine is controlled by two equilibria between (i) triplet state of thionine [ ThHj ] with proton and protonated triplet state of thionine [ ThH⁺⁺_2T] and (ii) protonated triplet state of thionine with monomethylamine and associated complex i.e. [ThH ⁺⁺_2T. AH₂]

4 illus, 6 tables, 24 ref

013045   Essumang D K;Alemawor J;Abassah-Oppong S; Weremfo A (Chemistry Dep, Cape Coast Univ, Cape Coast, Ghana) : Analysis of fatty acid composition of kombo (Pycnanthus angolensis) butter. Int J chem Sci 2008, 6(2), 917-25.

Fatty acid esters, especially those essential to humans, are absolutely necessary for the maintenance of growth, reproduction and health. They are truly essential to normal cell structure and body function, which function as components of nerve cells and cell membranes. Lack of these in the body causes diseases such as arthritis. Hence, sources rich in cetyl myristoleate (CMO) are known to be a remedy for these diseases. One of such rich source is Kombo Butter, which is a fat obtained from Pycnanthus angolensis. This is a plant source, which is generally known to give a low level of saturated fat and relatively higher levels of essential fatty acids than animal sources. This research, therefore, aims to determine the constituent of the Kombo fat by finding out its fatty acid composition. This will contribute to scientific knowledge and also address the increasing demand for natural alternatives to synthetic medicines.

3 tables, 13 ref

013044   Dong Z X;Hu H B;Hu S H (College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Longdong Univ, Qingyang 745000, China, Email: zhenxd@ldxy.edu.cn) : Two new neolignan glycosides from Pteris multifida Poir. Indian J Chem-Sect B 2008, 47(5), 773-7.

Two new neolignan glycosides, named as multifidoside A 1 and B 2, together with four known compounds have been isolated from the roots of Pteris multifida Poir. The structures of multifidoside A and B have been characterized by spectroscopic and chemical means as (75, 8S)-Δ⁷-2,9'-dihydroxy-5'-mcthoxy-7,3'-dioxy-8,4'- neolignan-4-O-(3-p-apiofuranosyl-(1 - 6)-β-D-gluco-pyranoside and (7S, 8S)-Δ⁷-2,9,9'-trihydroxy-7,3'-dioxy-8,4'-neoligna n-4-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside. The known compounds are identified by comparing their spectral data with those of authentic samples or data reported in the literature.

2 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

013043   Dong W K;Feng J H;Xu L;Zhong J K;Sun Y X;Yang S O (School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong Univ, Lanzhou 730070, P R of China, Email: dongwk@mail.lzjto.cn) : Synthesis, crystal structure and thermal behavior of {4,4',6,6'-tetra(tert-butyl)-2,2', [ethylenedioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenolato}Cu(II). Indian J Chem-Sect A 2008, 47(9), 1343-7.

The title complex, [Cu(L)], has been synthesized by the reaction of 4,4',6,6'-tetra(tert-butyl)-2,2'-[ethylenedioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne) ]diphenol (H₂L) with copper(II) acetate monohydrate in ethanol and characterized by its elemental analyses, IR spectra, TG-DTA analysis and X-ray crystallography. The complex belongs to monoclinic system with space group C2/c and unit cell parameters a = -27.231 Angstrum, b = -l1.196(3) Angstrum, -c = 10.704(2) Angstrum β = 101.293(2)°, V = 3200.2(11) Angstrum³ and Z = 4. X-ray crystal structure of the complex reveals that Cu(II) ion lies in the N₂O₂ coordination sphere, and forms a mononuclear structure. The dihedral angle between the coordination plane of N1-CU1-O2 and that of N1*-Cu1-O2* is 32.78(3)°, indicating that the coordination sphere has a slightly distorted tetrahedral geometry.

2 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref