018992   Chandni Kumari;Bariar A K (Botany Dep, Ranchi College, Ranchi, Jharkhand) : Radiomimetic effects of atrazine herbicides on seed germination and seedling survival in Vicia faba (L.) and V. sativa (L.). Adv Pl Sci 2012, 25(1), 285-7.

Atrazine herbicide was assayed for radiomimetic effects on Vicia faba (I.) and V. sativa (L.). The results reflected to the positive relationship between atrazine and the percentage of seed germination and seedling survival in both species. The lower doses (0.05 to 0.15 molar) displayed stimulatory effects whereas, higher doses (<62> 0.15 - 0.30 molar) showed inhibitory effect in inverse relationship between the dose and degree of inhibition on both physio-morphological (germination and survival) attributes. The radiomimetic effects of atrazine in respect to the LC₅₀in both species were found to be between the range of 0.15 - 0.20 molar.

1 table, 9 ref

018991   Chandni Kumari;Bariar A K (P.G. Botany Dep, Ranchi College, Ranchi, Jharkhand) : Radio-sensitivity clastogenic effects of gamma irradiation on the somatic chromosomes in Vicia faba and V. sativa. Adv Pl Sci 2012, 25(1), 233-5.

The genus Vicia (L.) unequivocally claims to be an extraordinarily cytogenetical material particularly the two species Vicia faba (L) and V. sativa (L.) have been considered as a novel system for the bioassay of radio-responses to gamma irradiation. These two species are endowed with wide variations in respect to the genomic composition (the 2n = 12 and 14 respectively in V. faba and V. sativa, besides other karyological parameters (4IIM; 2 IISM) in V.faba compared with (2 IIM, 4 II SM, 1II ST) in V. sativa and the total chromatin length (TCL), but sharing similar TF%. The radio-responses in the two species were investigated vis-a-vis the dose of the gamma irradiation and the degree of clastogenic effects inflicted by the radiation on the somatic chromosomes is highlighted and discussed.

5 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

018990   Bohra A;Bohra A (Botany Dep, Lachoo Memorial College of Science & Technology, Jodhpur-342 001, Email: arunabohra6@gmail.com) : Biotherapeutic potential of stem extracts of some vegetable plants. Adv Pl Sci 2012, 25(1), 203-4.

Antibacterial properties of aqueous and alcoholic extract of stem extract of Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Abelmoschus esculentum, Capsicum annuum, Lycopersicon escukntum and Momordica charantia was evaluated against three human and two plant pathogenic bacteria. Aqueous extract of A. sativum exhibited broad spectrum antibacterial activity against all the pathogenic bacteria especially against X. campestris followed by A. cepa. M. charantia also possessed potent antibacterial activity.

2 tables, 13 ref

018989   Bhise K M;Reddy P G (NO, R.B.N.B. College, Shrirampur, Ahmednagar-413 709) : Notes on some lignicolous ascomycetes of Ahmednagar district (Maharashtra) India. Bioinfolet 2013, 10(2A), 354-5.

Seven species of lignicolous ascomycetes. Diatrype amorphae, Diatrypoidiella lignicola, Hypoxylon cohaerens, HypoxyIon fuscum, Hypoxylon investiens, Rosellinia arcuata and Rosellinia punicae belonging to pyrenomycetes were collected from different localities in Ahmednagar district. All species, except H. investiens are new to Maharashtra state. The Specimens are deposited in Department of Botany (Research centre, P.V.P.College, Pravaranagar (Loni).

11 ref

018988   Basu R (Saltora Netaji Centenary College, Saltora, Bankura-722 158) : Ethnobotanical studies on the tribes of Puruliya district in West Bengal of India. Adv Pl Sci 2012, 25(1), 257-60.

The objectivity herein is to know the plants, plant parts, plant products used by the tribes for food, ropes and strings, dwelling, arms and weapons, furniture, medicines, festivals and occasions, smokes and beverages, livestock and poultry-farming, manual craft and culture, agricultural implements and domesticity. This ethnobotanical work was studied in a remote, secluded, fragmented Chutia Nagpur plateau, in the district of Puruliya of West Bengal in India, which is a heartland of many tribes for ages. They are Bedias, Bedomajhis, Bhumijs, Bhunias, Birhores, Chikbaraiks, Karmalis, Koramudis, Loharas, Mahalis, Mundas, Oraons, Paharias, Santals and Savars. Field trips were undertaken during the year 2005-2007. 249 plant species have been detected to make a comprehensive account on ethnobotany.

12 ref

018987   Bariar A K;Prasad A K (Botany Dep, Ranchi College, Ranchi-834 008) : Effect of acute gamma irradiation on germination and survival in Rauwolfia serpentina Benth ex. Kurz. and Rauwolfia tetraphylla L.. Adv Pl Sci 2012, 25(1), 301-3.

Rauwolfia serpentina Benth. ex. Kurz. and R. tetraphylla L. (Family-Apocyanaceae) since antiquity are variously used in different systems of Indian Metria Medico.. It equally forms an important ingredient in the formulation of allopathic system of medicine for the treatment of various cardiological ailments. In the present communication the effects of acute gamma irradiation (⁶⁰Cobalt-source) on the seed germination and survival is highlighted and discussed. The radio-sensitivity and radio-resistance in the two species, besides the nature and elimination of dormancy in these species is discussed.

1 table, 11 ref

018986   Aravindhan V;Rajendran A;Thomas B;Maharajan M (Botany Dep, Bharathiar Univ, Coimbatore-641 046, Email: av.aravind@yahoo.co.in) : Assessment of wild ornamental plants of Coimbatore district, South India: a horticultural approach. Adv Pl Sci 2012, 25(1), 269-72.

The study highlights the prize worthy of 41-plant species belonging to 23-families of Wild Ornamental plants for horticultural values. The species Pavonia zeylanica, Clitoria ternatea, Cassia occidentalis, Evolvulus ahinoides, Ipomoea obscura, Aystasia gangetica, Lantana indica, Fluggea virosa and Gloriosa superba are commonly used to grow in gardens for their aesthetic appeal.

1 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

018985   Antima Sharma;Dangwal L R;Dangwal M;Amandeep Singh (Herbarium and Plant Systematiac Lab, Botany Dep, H.N.B. Garhwal Central University, S.R.T. Campus, Badshahi Thaul, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Email: sanjeevkoul222@gmail.com) : Ehno-botnay of some useful forest trees of Narendra Nagar block, Tehri Garhwal (Uttarakhand), India. J Pl Dev Sci 2012, 4(2), 247-50.

Ethno-botanical study was carried-out in order to document the folk uses of forest trees in the Narendra Nagar Block, District Tehri Garhwal, (Uttarakhand). The population of the region primarily depends upon plant resources for their domestic needs. A wide variety of tree species are present in the study area but this paper includes only those species whose common use is either known locally or they are in daily use for various purposes. Although the authors observed only 20 tree species are utilized for multiple purposes in the study area. Most of these tree species are also used for medicinal purposes. The informative data on ethno-botanical plants were conducted with the local inhabitants and selected informants. The ethno-medicinal data was gathered from the tribal medicine men, villagers and vaidhyas. Questionnaires were adopted during the surveys in order to get qualitative and participatory approach about the plant resources and their utilization by the local people. Questions concerning the utility of different plants, quantity of plants used, rate of consumption, availability, economics/ market value and fuel wood / fodder head loads had been asked.

018984   Ali A;Kaul V (Botany Dep, University of Jammu, Jammu-180 006, Email: veenukaul@yahoomail.co.in) : Seabuckthorn - a valuable resource of the cold desert (Ladakh). J Pl Dev Sci 2012, 4(2), 151-55.

Seabuckthorn grows extensively throughout Ladakh region of J&K state (India). Its distribution extends from Nubra (District Leh) on one side upto Drass (District Kargil) on the other and encompasses Zanskar valley. It is a dioecious thorny shrub and if left undisturbed, attains the size of a small tree. The plant has gained tremendous importance by virtue of its pharmaceutical, cosmaceutical and nutraceutical value. Despite having such a potential, the plant is still under utilized in this region.

018983   Alagammal M;Nishanthini A;Mohan V R (Botany Dep, Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu, Email: vrmohanvoc@gmail.com) : Anti-inflammatory activity of whole plant of Polygala rosmarinifolila wight and arn (Polygalaceae). Int J pharm Sci Res 2012, 3(10), 3955-7.

In the investigation, fast dissolving tablets of Carvedilol were formulated by using various natural superdisintegrant like Plantago ovata, Lepidium sativum, Fenugreek and Guar gum. A Direct compression method was used to prepare fast dissolving tablets containing Carvedilol as a model drug using natural superdisintegrants. Prepared formulations were evaluated for Precompression parameters such as micromeritic properties like angle of repose, %compressibility and Hausner's ratio. Tablets were also subjected to Postcompression analysis for the parameters such as weight variation, hardness, and friability, in vitro disintegration time, wetting time, drug content and in vitro dissolution study. The results concluded that amongst all formulations, the formulation prepared with mucilage of Plantago ovata showed better disintegrating property as well as the release profile than the other used natural superdisintegrant.

1 table, 12 ref

018982   Ajay Kumar;Shishodia A;Bhargava A K;Sharma M K;Sanjay Kumar (Botany Dep, J.V. College, Baraut) : Some morphological and biochemical studies of plant parts of Vicia faba. J Pl Dev Sci 2012, 4(2), 329-31.

Pollen morphology is of great significance particular in cultivar taxonomy. Man has been always interested to find out micro organisms, pollen grains and fungal spore in air for better air quality. From time to time many workers as Vishnu Mittra & Gupta (1966) worked on pollen morphology. Nair &Sharma (1962) also studied on pollen morphology and pollen analysis of certain economically important families of angiosperms such as Liliaceae, Fabaceae. Sateesh and Nair (1993) also carried study of pollen grains at Tirachira pali (T.N.) in atmosphere. It was of interest to carry some work on morphological and bio-chemical studies on selected cultivars crops near college field. The studies with pollen morphology show that size of pollen grain increases under acetolysed as compared to non acetolysed condition. Similar decline in nitrogen content was observed more in infected plant soil as compared with healthy plant soil.

018171   Yashmita-Ulman;Avudainayagam S (NO, , 704, B-Wing, Aakanksha Bldg-I, Vasari Hills, Goregaon (W), Mumbai-400 062) : Organic carbon storage by Ailanthus excelsa plantations. Indian For 2012, 138(11), 1041-46.

Study is related to working out the carbon storage potential of the fast growing species like the Ailanthus excelsa. It is seen that the carbon storage in different tree components, litter and soil increases with the increase in age of the plantation. The carbon concentration in different parts of the tree for all aged plantation followed the decreasing order as stem <62> root <62> branch <62> leaf. The carbon content of litter is estimated and it is found that the lowest return is from the youngest and highest return is from the oldest stand and it indicated a direct relationship with age. The carbon content is estimated using two methods, one is by calculating the biomass and carbon content per cent (formula method) and the other by assumption method. The results show that the assumption method leads to an over-estimation of carbon content for the total organic carbon of the same age when compared to the formula method (especially for younger aged plantations). Therefore, it could be suggested that the assumption method should be avoided for younger age plantations and its use must be restricted only to the older plantations.

5 tables, 29 ref

018170   Vijigiri Dinesh;Sharma P P (Post Graduate Botany Dep, Deogiri College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, Email: dr_ppsharma@yahoo.co.uk) : Additions to the flora of Nizamabad district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Indian For 2012, 138(11), 1030-2.

Nizamabad district is situated in the northern part of the Andhra Pradesh and is one of the 10 districts of Telangana region of the state. It lies between 18°5' and 19° of the northern latitudes, 77°40' and 78°37' of the eastern longitudes. The district is bounded on the north by Adilabad district, east by Karimnagar district, south by Medak district and west by Bidar district of Karnataka and Nanded district of Maharashtra. The geographical area of present study is 7,969 km2 and spread over 922 villages in 35 mandals (Pullaiah and Rao, 1995).

13 ref

018169   Vador N;Vador B;Hole R (Analytical Dep, Ayurchem Products, W-74, MIDC, Phase-II, Dombivli (E), Thane-421 024, Email: research_nimish@yahoo.co.in) : Simple spectrophotometric methods for standardizing ayurvedic formulation. Indian J pharm Sci 2012, 74(2), 161-3.

Traditional medicines are effective but the standardization of Ayurvedic formulations is essential in order to assess the quality of drugs, based on the concentration of their active principles. Department of AYUSH has given preliminary guidelines for standardizing these conventional formulations, for uniformity of batches in production of Ayurvedic formulation and it is necessary to develop methods for evaluation. The present work is an attempt to standardize asav-arishta, the traditional Ayurvedic formulation using simple, non-expensive spectrophotometric methods. The various parameters performed included total phenolics, total flavonoids, total alkaloids and total saponins, also included pH, sugar %, alcohol content and specific gravity. The results obtained may be considered as tools for assistance to the regulatory authorities, scientific organizations and manufacturers for developing standards.

^ssc2 tables, 6 ref

018168   Turkez H;Togar B (Molecular Biology and Genetics Dep, Faculty of Sciences, Erzurum Technical Univ, Turkey, Email: basaktogar@gmail.com) : Aluminium phosphide-induced genetic and oxidative damages in vitro: attenuation by Laurus nobilis L. leaf extract. Indian J Pharmac 2013, 45(1), 71-5.

The present investigation was undertaken to assess the protective effect of Laurus nobilis leaf extract (LNE) against aluminum phosphide (AIP)-induced genotoxic and oxidative damages stress in cultured human blood cells in the presence of a metabolic activator (S9 mix). Materials and Methods: Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and chromosome aberration (CA) assays were used to assess AlP-induced genotoxicity and to establish the protective effects of LNE. In addition, we determined total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status (TOS) levels in AlP and LNE treated cultures for biomonitoring the oxidative alterations. Results: There was significant increases (P <60> 0.05) in both SCE and CA frequencies of cultures treated with AlP as compared to controls. Our results also showed that AlP (58 mg/l) caused oxidative stress by altering TAC and TOS levels. However, co-application of LNE (25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/l) and AlP resulted in decreases of SCE, CA rates and TOS level and increases of TAC level as compared to the group treated with AlP alone. Conclusion: The preventive role of LNE in alleviating AlP-induced DNA and oxidative damages was indicated for the first time in the present study.

1 table, 30 ref

018167   Sushil Kumar;Chavan S M;Kabade K H (Entomology Dep, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural Univ, Navsari, Gujarat-396 450, Email: sachinento@gmail.com) : Biology of Glyphodes negatalis walker (lepidoptera: pyralidae) : a new insect pest of Karanj, Pongamia pinnata (L.) pierre in south Gujarat (India). Med Pl 2012, 4(1), 12-16.

Biology of Karanj defoliator, Glyphodes negatalis Walker was carried out during the year 2010-11. Results showed that the eggs laid on upper surface of new terminal as well as older leaves with an average of 160.1 eggs. The average incubation periods of eggs were 3.93 ± 0.80 days. The light yellowish green with light brown colour head of newly hatched larva was 3.72 ± 0.27 mm long. Larval period completed in 21.33 ± 5.51 days through five instars. Full grown larvae are 20.3 ±1,21 mm long and 1.92 ± 0.06 mm wide, light to dark green on top and yellowish-green underneath; a single, thin, greenish stripe runs lengthwise down the middle of the back. The head is light brown. The average length and width of pre-pupa was 11.63 ± 1.03 mm and 1.92 ± 0.07 mm, respectively. The reddish brown colour pupa formed in folded and webbed leaves. The average length and width of the pupa was 12.36 ± 0.95 mm and 2.63 ± 0.33 mm, respectively. The average pre-pupal and pupal stage lasts for 2.63 ± 0.33 and 8.27 ± 0.96 days, respectively. Adult moths have a wingspan of 20-25 mm and their colour ranged from orange-brown to dark grey with some lighter grey markings. The pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods of G. negatalis averaged 2.47, 4.53 and 2.33 days, respectively. The female to male sex ratio was 1.36:1. The average longevity of female and male was 8.93 ± 1.16 days and 7.67 ± 1.05 days, respectively. Total life cycle of the female and male was 44.07 ± 2.37 days and 39.75 ± 2.26 days, respectively.

1 table, 8 ref

018166   Srividya A R;Dhanabal S P;Jeevitha S;Vishnu Varthan V J;Rajesh Kumar R (Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Dep, JSS College of Pharmacy, Rock Lands, Ooty-643 001, Email: pharmarsrividya@yahoo.com) : Relationship between antioxidant properties and chemical composition of Abutilon indicum Linn. Indian J pharm Sci 2012, 74(2), 163-7.

Aim of this paper is to find out the relationship between antioxidant activity of Abutilon indicum Linn and their phytochemical composition especially phenols and flavonols. Successive extractions were carried out for the Abutilon indicum plant with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, ethanol and water. All these extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant activities. Their antioxidant activities were correlated with their total phenol and flavonol content present in the plant. Ethyl acetate showed maximum free radical scavenging activity. IC₅₀ value for various antioxidant methods for all extract showed no significance with total antioxidant capacity except IC₅₀ value of LPO (r² = 0.7273). Correlation between total antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content was not significant with r² = 0.2554, P<60>0.3065. Total antioxidant capacity and total flavonol content showed similar correlation with r² = 0.2554, P <60> 0.0962.

^ssc3 tables, 15 ref

018165   Srivastava D;Panday N;Tiwari A K;Shukla K (Botany Dep, D.D.U. Gorakhpur Univ, Gorakhpur-273 009, Email: ajay_biotech2005@rediffmail.com) : Identification of a potyvirus associated with mosaic disease of Catharanthus roseus and its histopathogical effects. Med Pl 2012, 4(1), 23-6.

During survey in 2007-08 at Gorakhpur, severe chlorosis, crinkling and curling symptoms was noticed on leaves of Catharanthus roseus plant. The virus was partially purified from the symptomatic leaves by differential centrifugation. Electron microscopy of the partially purified preparation revealed the 760 nm x 14 nm filamentous flexuous particles. The causal virus was found transmitted through mechanical transmission to healthy C. roseus plants as well as through Aphis gossypii, A. nerii, A. craccivora Brevicoryne brassicae, Myzus percicae, and Macrosiphoniella sanbormii. Immuno-diagnostic studies (DAC-ELISA and DIBA) showed positive serological relationships of the causal virus with polyclonal antiserum of Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV). The RT-PCR assays amplified fragment of -330 bp with coat protein specific primer of WMV. The particle morphology, serology and RT-PCR results confirmed that the virus associated with chlorotic leaves of C. roseus in the present study was Watermelon mosaic virus. The virus infection also found to deform the palisade cells in shape and size and number of chloroplast were reduced in tissue of infected leaves under histopathological observation.

5 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

018164   Sireesha A;Rao P C;Swapna G;Ramalakshmi C S (AICRP on Weed Control, ANGRAU, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, Email: sireesha_291@yahoo.co.in) : Persistence of pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen at different temperature and moisture levels in an alfisol and vertisol. Indian J Weed Sci 2011, 43(3-4), 181-7.

Persistence of pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen in an alfisol and vertisol was studied at three moisture levels (at saturation, Field Capacity and 50% Field Capacity) and at two temperature levels (10 ± 2 °C and 27 ± 2 °C) for 137 days in the laboratory. Degradation of pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen was more rapid at high temperature and moisture levels. The disappearance curve / semi logarithmic plot followed first order kinetics with two distinct pathways, an initial faster rate followed by a slower and more gradual disappearance. Half life values for pendimethalin varied from 35.45 to 108.28 in alfisol and from 28.28 to 91.84 in vertisol ; for oxyfluorfen half life values varied from 97.60 to 192.50 in Alfisols and 90.05 to 147.44 in vertisols.

5 illus, 6 tables, 27 ref

018163   Singh T;Sinha N;Singh A (Botany Dep, B.M.D. College, Dayalpur, B.R.A. Bihar Univ, Bihar, Email: tanujasinghpatna@yahoo.com) : Biochemical and histopathological effects on liver due to acute oral toxicity of aqueous leaf extract of Ecliptaalba on female swiss albino mice. Indian J Pharmac 2013, 45(1), 61-6.

Limited data is available about the toxicity of herbal remedies used for self-medication. Since a popular medicinal plant Ecliptaalba contains various bioactive molecules, the present study aimed to observe the biochemical and histological changes in liver associated with acute oral toxicity (LD 50 ) of aqueous extract of E. alba (L.) Hassk. in female Swiss albino mice. For the acute oral toxicity study, the animals were divided into six groups of 6 mice each. Group- I was normal control and the treatment groups were administered aqueous leaf extract of E. alba orally at different doses of 500 mg (group - I),1750 mg (group-III), 2000 mg (group- IV), 2500 mg (group- V) and 3000 mg/ kg/b.wt.(group- VI) for seven consecutive days. The mice were sacrificed on the eighth day and blood was collected for the analysis of ALP (alkaline phosphatase), SGPT (serum glutamic pyruvic transferase), total protein and albumin. The liver was dissected, weighed, and processed for histopathological analysis. The LD 50 was found to be 2316.626 mg/kg /body weight in female mice. Serum SGPT, total protein and albumin increased in treated group- IV (P <60> 0.05), V (P <60> 0.01), and VI (P <60> 0.01) as compared to the control (group- I). ALP level significantly decreased in the treated group- IV (P <60> 0.05), V (P <60> 0.01) and VI (P <60> 0.01). Histopathological changes were observed at dose of 2000 mg (group- IV), 2500 mg (group- V) and 3000 mg (group- VI). Conclusion: It was concluded that oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of E. alba had detrimental effects on biochemical parameters and induced histopathological alterations in liver of female Swiss albino mice at doses higher than 2000 mg/kg/day indicating that its indiscriminate use should be avoided.

1 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref

018162   Singh S K;Rai S B (Laser and Spectroscopy Laboratory, Physics Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005, Email: sbrai49@yahoo.co.in) : Detection of carbonaceous material in Naga bhasma. Indian J pharm Sci 2012, 74(2), 178-83.

Traditional medicines have maintained their popularity in all regions of the developing world and are being adopted increasingly by people worldwide. Indian traditional system of medicine Ayurveda make use of unique metallic-herbal preparations (called Bhasma) which involves different processing steps including repeated steps of calcination of metal in the presence of natural precursor (herbal juices, decoctions, and powders, etc). It has been recently established that Bhasma contains nano/sub-micron size particles and different nutrient elements. However, the role and the end product of the raw materials, especially the herbal parts, used during the synthesis of the drug (Bhasma) is one of the important but unanswered problems in such medicinal preparations. Present work on Naga Bhasma is an attempt to understand the role of natural precursors in detail. Our results on infrared, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy along with thermal measurements identify the presence of carbonaceous material (hydrogenated amorphous carbon) in the drug along with other compounds. In addition, this work also suggests the science and mechanism behind such complex preparations which could help in standardization of such medicines.

^ssc4 illus, 22 ref

018161   Singh P;Sharma K (Non Wood Forest Products Div, Forest Research Institute, New Forest, Dehradun-248 006, Email: pardeepcharak@gmail.com) : Resource analysis of medicinal herbs of Padder valley in J&K. Indian For 2012, 138(11), 1008-13.

Highlights the richness of medicinal herbs in the Padder valley of J & K state. The phytosociological studies were undertaken by stratified random sampling and recording of the herbs with medicinal value. A total of 34 medicinal herbs belonging to 18 families were recorded. Bunium periscum was the dominant herb in all the four sites of the study area.

5 tables, 21 ref

018160   Singh J;Chauhan P S;Kavita A (College of Horticulture and Forestry, Maharana Pratap Agriculture and Technology Campus Univ, Jhalarapatan, Jhalawar-326 023, Email: jsingh_rau2s@rediffmail.com) : Morphology and features of seeds of different species of dry deciduous forest of Malwa Plateau Region. Indian For 2012, 138(9), 846-9.

By and large, the seeds collected from the dry deciduous forests of the 'Malwa' plateau region were medium to large in shape and mostly brown in colour. The majority of seeds manifested recalcitrant nature. Ripening of the seeds was mostly during summer months.

1 table, 16 ref

018159   Shukla G;Chakravarty S (ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Research Centre, Plandu-8340110, Ranchi, Jharkhand, Email: gopalshukla12@gmail.com) : Ethnobotanical plant use of Chilalpatta reserved forest in West Bengal. Indian For 2012, 138(12), 1116-24.

Chilapatta Reserved Forest is under Cooch Behar Wildlife Division in West Bengal. Rava, Ekka and Oraon are the indigenous communities living in and around the forest. A survey was conducted during January, 2007 to December, 2009 to document the edible plants found in the forests. A total of 79 plants belonging to 41 families and 68 genera were found in use for day to day life of these communities for food, cure for ailments, fodder, fuel wood, fiber, hut construction, fencing and agricultural equipment. Of these total species recorded 46 were trees, 18 herbs, 10 shrubs, three climbers and two ferns. 18 plant species were used in herbal medicines to cure cold and stomach related problems and nine species in hut construction.

2 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

018158   Sellathurai T;Rathinavel S (Botany Dep, Periyar Univ, Salem-636 011, Email: sellathurai_thurai@yahoo.com) : In vitro micropropagation of Tylophora indica (Burm.F) Merril through shoot tip explants. Pl Cell Biotechnol molec Biol 2012, 13(1-2), 65-8.

Clonal propagation of Tylophora indica from shoot tip explants placed on MS medium with low concentration of BAP (1 μM) and in combination with Ads (3 μM) induced three shoots and four roots. Explants on MS with BAP (4 μM) and KIN (3 uM) with Ads (4 μM) had less number of shoot and root. The responses of shoot tip explants in MS +2,4-D (12.5 μM) showed poor organogenesis or callusing. It may be concluded that further standardization of hormonal combinations could helpful to rapid propagation for conservation and commercial application.

1 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

018157   Ramesh Kannan N;Vijayalatha K R;Natarajan E (PG & Research Botany Dep, National College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu-620 001, Email: enr69@yahoo.com) : In vitro studies and RAPD analysis in Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F. Muell.- a medicinal plant. Pl Cell Biotechnol molec Biol 2012, 13(1-2), 21-8.

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to evaluate the genetic stability of micropropagated plants of Hybanthus Enneaspermus (L.) F. Muell. Ten arbitrary decamers were used to amplify DNA from in vivo and in vitro plant material to assess the genetic fidelity. All RAPD profiles from micropropagated plants were monomorphic and similar to those of field grown control plants. A variation was detected within the micropropagated plants. The utilization of RAPD markers both for the assessment of genetic stability of clonal materials and to certify genetic stability throughout the systems of micropropagation is discussed.

3 illus, 4 tables, 22 ref

018156   Rajeshwari B M;Sharangouda J P;Rautary T R (Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Physics Dep, Gulbarga Univ, Gulbarga-585 106, Email: sharan_gp@rediffmail.com) : Elemental analysis of some indian medicinal plants by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique. Med Pl 2012, 4(1), 28-31.

Trace element analysis was carried out in Ocimum sanctum, Catharanthus roseus, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Azadirachta indica, Aegle marmelos, Zingiber officinale, Emblica officinalis, Anacardium occidentale, Momordica charantia and Syzygium cumini using Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique. A 2 MeV proton beam was employed to excite the samples. The experiments were carried out using 3MV pelletron accelerator. The elements K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr and Pb were identified to be prominently present in all the above medicinal plants. The elements K and Ca were present in very small quantities. The relative concentrations of different elements in different medicinal plants have been given.

2 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

018155   Pramesh D;Islam S;Singh J;Baranwal V K (Advanced Center for Plant Virology, Plant Pathology Div, Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: vbaranwal2001@yahoo.com) : Serological and PCR detection of Garlic commonlatent virus associated with garlic accessions in India. Med Pl 2012, 4(1), 17-22.

Cloves of twenty one garlic accessions from Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi and three local garlic lines from Kolar (Karnataka), Anand (Gujarat) and Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) were collected and tested for the presence of Garlic common latent virus (GarCLV). The occurrence of GarCLV was detected by direct antigen coated enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAC-ELISA) performed with polyclonal antiserum to GarCLV (Bioreba, Reinach, Switzerland) and immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) after trapping with GarCLV specific antiserum. Reverse Transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) using a primer pair 5' -ATGTCARYGAGTGAAACAGA-3' and 5'-CTAGTCTGCATTGTTGGATCC-3' designed from the conserved region of open reading frame 5 (ORF5), which codes for coat protein (CP) of GarCLV, confirmed that all twenty four garlic accessions tested positive for GarCLV. Our study demonstrated wide spread association of GarCLV in garlic accessions including commercial variety, local farmer's cultivars and breeding lines. The potential impact of GarCLV infection on garlic production needs to be addressed.

2 illus, 1 table, 38 ref

018154   Pavendan P;Gideon V A;Rajasekaran C S (Botany Dep, Bishop Heber College, Tiruchirappalli-620 017, Email: Pavendan2010@gmail.com) : Cost effective, ex situ conservation (air layering) of Elaeocarpus Blascoi-an endangered medicinal tree in Western Ghats of Palni Hills, Tamil Nadu, South India. Indian For 2012, 138(11), 1056-8.

An air layering trial was conducted in Elaeocarpus blascoi Weibel during the pre monsoon season in the months of mid -march to mid - June, 2011 in Vattakanal Conservation Trust Nursery, Kodaikanal in Tamilnadu, South India. Lateral branches were girdled, and IBA 500, 750 and 1000 ppm was applied at the exposed surfaces and wrapped with moistened Sawdust. Rooting was responded after 60 days. The maximum rooting length (7.5 cm) was recorded with 1000 ppm IBA and the minimum rooting length (3.5 cm) was recorded with 500 ppm IBA and the control shoots failed to form roots (0.00 cm). Pre monsoon season (mid - march to mid - June) seems to be the best period for air layering in Elaeocarpus blascoi. A cost effective packaging system was worked out and deployed during this experimental trial.

1 table, 20 ref

018153   Okukpe K M;Adeloye A A;Abayomi F D;Alli O I; Belewu M A;Adeyina O A (Reproductive Physiology Unit, Animal Production Dep, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilorin Univ, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria, Email: okukpek@yahoo.com) : Physiological effects of Myristica fragrans extract on west African dwarf bucks. Med Pl 2012, 4(1), 33-7.

Fifteen (15) West African Dwarf Bucks (WAD) of initial weights of 10kg were used in an experimental design to assess the effect of Myristica fragrans extract on the sexual function. They were subcutaneously administered 0.01, 0.02, 0.03ml/kg body weights of Myristica fragrans extract. The control and standard group were given 0.01ml/ kg body weights of normal saline and sildenafil citrate solution, respectively. The study indicated that subcutaneous administration of 0.01 to 0.02ml/kg of Myristica fragrans increased sexual drive (libido) in WAD bucks. Animals in Group C, treated with 0.01ml/kg of Myristica fragrans extract showed signs of active sexual activity (aggressiveness) and mounting on the second day and progressed throughout the period of administration of extract. Thus, the aphrodisiac activity of the extract might be attributed to its nervous stimulating property, and also lends support to the claims for its traditional usage as sexual function enhancing herbal medicine. Phytochemical studies indicate the presence of sterols, phenols, alkaloids and amino acids in the extract. Hence, the sexual function improving effect of the extract might be due to the presence of these compounds.

3 tables, 23 ref

018152   Neerja Rani;Sharma S K;Vasudeva N (Pharmaceutical Sciences Dep, Guru Jambheshwar Science and Technology Univ, Hisar, Haryana-125 001, Email: neeruvasudeva@gmail.com) : Quality assessment of Achyranthas aspera Linn. seed. Int J Green Pharm 2012, 6(1), 14-6.

Achyranthas aspera Linn, (Amaranthaceae) seeds were studied to determine the various parameters for pharmacognostical standards. The whole plant of A. aspera is reported to have good medicinal values in traditional systems of medicine. The present paper deals with pharmacognostical examination of morphological and microscopical characters and physic-chemical investigations of seeds including determination of loss on drying, ash values, extractives values, foreign organic matter, crude fiber content, and hemolytic activity. The preliminary phytochemical screening, elemental analysis, microbial contamination of powdered drug, were also carried out. High performance thin layer chromatography profile developed for the seeds was to aid in identification of the drug and also in isolating and identifying the biomarker compound responsible for the bioactivity.

2 illus, 8 ref

018151   Naithani H B (Botany Div, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand) : Further note on the gregarious flowering of Aechmanthera gossypina Uttarakhand Himalayas. Indian For 2012, 138(12), 1170.

018150   Mohabe S;Mishra G K;Upreti D K;Trivedi S (Motilal Vigyan Mahavidyalaya, Barkatullah Univ, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh) : Floristic study of lichens from Satna and Panna districts of Madhya Pradesh, India. Indian For 2012, 138(11), 999-1001.

Enumerates 50 species of lichens belonging to 25 genera and 14 families from Satna and Panna districts in Vindhyanchal Range of Madhya Pradesh. The Satna district is represented by the occurrence of 40 species of lichens belonging to 23 genera under 13 families. The districts showed occurrence of 21 corticolous and 18 saxicolous species, with dominance of crustose lichens represented by 25 species followed by 8 species of squamulose and 7 of foliose lichens. The Panna district showed occurrence of 37 species belonging to 21 genera under 12 families. Both saxicolous and corticolous lichens are represented by 18 species each while a single species is found both on rocks and bark of trees. The crustose lichens dominates the district with 21 species, followed by 8,6 and 2 species of foliose, squamulose and leprose form respectively. The Mangifera indica trees in dense, moist shady mango orchard exhibit luxuriant growth of lichens under Physciaceae family. Among the saxicolous genera, the crustose and squamulose growth form of the member of lichen families Teloschistaceae and Peltulaceae exhibit their luxuriant growth in the area.

1 illus, 7 ref

018149   Malla S;Shukla G;Chakravarty S (Forestry Dep, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar-736 165) : Utilization and conservation of wild plants by the tribal communities of Tripura. Indian For 2012, 138(11), 1002-7.

Plant gathering activities by the tribal communities of Tripura consist collection and conservation of 61 wild plant species for fruits, flowers, roots, tubers, stems, leaves, barks etc. This is primarily the responsibility of women but if necessary males render their help. The paper documents the various forest produces which are used as food, medicine, dye, aroma, etc. that form the part and parcel of unique pattern and choice of life style and the ways of conservation of these plants by the different tribal communities of Tripura.

1 table, 5 ref

018148   Malik V;Mohammad I;Pranita (Botany Dep, M.S. College, Saharanpur, Email: vijai.malikrediffmail.com) : Enumeration of exotic plants of Western Uttar Pradesh. Indian For 2012, 138(11), 1033-40.

Study records the occurrence and enumeration of 331 exotic species belonging to 265 genera and 83 families in Western Uttar Pradesh with emphasis on their habits and origins. Out of 331 exotic plants reported, herbs are represented by maximum number of 195 plants followed by trees 77, shrubs 33, vines 18, bamboos 4, palms 3 and parasite 1. Many of the exotic species in area have been introduced during the last few centuries for commercial, experimental and ornamental exploitations. American plants dominate in the Saharanpur forest division. Asteraceae are having the predominance of exotics in this region.

1 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

018147   Mahendran D;Srinivasan S;Thiyagarajan M; Venkatachalam P (PG & Research Botany Dep, National College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu) : Development of an efficient protocol for high frequency plant regeneration from nodal explants of Solanum nigrum L.. Pl Cell Biotechnol molec Biol 2012, 13(1-2), 41-6.

Efficient protocol was devised for rapid propagation of Solarium nigrum L. from nodal explants. The nodal explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations (0.5-2.5 mg/1) of BAP and KIN for Multiple shoot bud induction. The highest rate of multiple shoot proliferation was observed on MS medium fortified with BAP (2.0 mg/l) followed by KIN (1.5 mg/l). The adventitious shoots were rooted successively on half strength MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of IBA (0.5-2.5 mg/l). The best rooting response was observed on 1 mg/l IBA. Regenerated rooted plantlets were successfully transferred into plastic cup containing a mixture of soil and sand in the ratio of 1:1. The 90% of the in vitro propagated plantlets survived when they were transferred to ex vitro conditions for acclimatization.

1 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref

018146   Lohani H;Andola H C;Bhandari U;Chauhan N;Pal D S (NO, Centre for Aromatic Plants, Industrial Estate, Selaqui-248 197, Email: andolah@rediffmail.com) : Chemical constituents of volatile oil of Tagetes minuta L. cultivated in Uttarakhand Himalayas. Med Pl 2012, 4(1), 42-4.

Among the aromatic plants, Tagetes minuta is already established a promising source of essential oils. The air dried aerial parts (leaves, blossoms and very small stalks) of T. minuta collected from different locations of Uttarakhand was extracted by Clevenger apparatus and found that oil content varied between 0.2-0.4% as analyzed by Gas Chromatography -mass spectrometry and GC-FID. β-Ocimene was found as a chief constituent in all the investigated samples which varied between 35.13-53.47%. Maximum quantity detected in Dhungro, Chakrata, Dehradun (53.47%) and minimum in Pauri Garhwal region (35.13%). It was very interesting that Germacrene-D was completely absent from Kalsi location. Results of present study indicated that the location specific volatile components can be trapped commercially.

1 table, 22 ref

018145   Kuanr R K;Rajeev R;Ranjan R (Biochemistry Dep, Orissa Veterinary College, OUAT, Bhubaneswar-751 003, Email: drrajraj@gmail.com) : Antimicrobial effects of phenolic and flavonoid extracts of Litsea glutinosa and Careya arborea. Indian vet J 2011, 88(4), 23-5.

The phytochemical extracts of Litsea glutinosa and Careya arborea plants were studied for antimicrobial activity. Disc diffusion method was used to assess the antibacterial activity of these extracts against test microorganisms (Staphylo-coccus aureus and E.coli). The zones of inhibition of C. arborea at concentration of 250 and 500 μg/ disc were significantly lower with respect to cip-rofloxacin for both the bacterial strains. Both the extracts significantly differed (p<60>0.05) from ciprofloxacin taken as the control. The present study indicated that these plant extracts are having antibacterial activity.

1 table, 9 ref

018144   Joshi B B;Vishwakarma M P;Bahukhandi D;Bhatt R P (NO, Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow-226 002, Email: bjoshi92@yahoo.com) : Strains of Trichoderma spp. from high altitude of Garhwal Himalayan region. J envir Biol 2012, 33(5), 843-7.

Two species of Trichoderma i.e. T. harzianum and T. viride have been isolated from the soil samples collected from the higher altitude (2000-3500 m) of Garhwal Himalayan region in India. The two species were grown in Petri plates on TSM agar media and it was also observed that the optimum temperature and pH for Trichoderma growth was 30°C and 5.5 respectively. When incubated on TSM agar medium at 4° C, the fungus grew normally with heavy induced sporulation within three weeks of incubation. Induction of sporulation on exposure to low temperature appeared to be strategies for survival of these species in extreme cold environment temperature 4 to 5° C. Antifungal activities of the two species of Trichoderma were demonstrated with phytopathogenic fungi in dual cultures. The antifungal metabolites produced by Trichoderma spp., diffusible as well as volatile, caused abnormalities in pathogenic fungi. Plant growth promotion of Trichoderma spp. was also shown through plant analysis in greenhouse.

1 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

018143   Hawaze S;Deti H;Suleman S (School of Pharmacy, College of Public Health and Medical Sciences, Jimma Univ, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia, Email: habtewold.deti@ju.edu.et) : In vitro antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of Clematis species indigenous to Ethiopia. Indian J pharm Sci 2012, 74(1), 29-35.

Leaves extracts of two indigenous plants of Ethiopia: Clematis longicauda steud ex A. Rich. and Clematis burgensis Engl. are used in Southwestern Ethiopia to treat otorrhoea and eczema. Antimicrobial activity and MIC of crude extracts were determined by disk diffusion and broth dilution. Phytochemical screening was performed on the extracts. The methanol and petroleum ether extracts of both plants showed antibacterial and antifungal activity. Sensitivity of reference strains was concentration dependent. Methanol and petroleum ether extracts of C. burgensis leaves exerted greater inhibitory effects than C. longicauda extracts whereas aqueous extracts of both plants were inactive. The MIC study revealed a concentration of 0.78 mg/ml on bacteria and 3.125 mg/ml on fungi for methanol extract and 1.56 mg/ml on both fungi and bacteria for petroleum ether extract. Phytochemical screening results indicated the presence of proteins, fixed oils, carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and steroids. Preliminary chromatographic investigation showed fluorescing spots with R f values that ranged from 0.05 to 0.96 for phenolic compounds and saponins. As the study is one of the first reports on the two indigenous species of Clematis; isolation, purification and characterization of the different primary and secondary metabolites may further yield alternative options to the microbial chemotherapy.

3 illus, 5 tables, 33 ref

018142   George S;Unnikrishnan K P;Raghu A V;Geetha S P;Balachandran I (NO, CMS College, Kottayam-686 001, Email: george.satheesh@gmail.com) : Effect of nutrients and sucrose on microrhizome production and diosgenin accumulation in cultures of Costus speciosus Sm. in vitro. Med Pl 2012, 4(1), 7-11.

Simple and efficient protocol was developed for in vitro microrhizome induction in Costus speciosus. Maximum microrhizome formation was observed in full strength MS medium containing 80gl^-1 sucrose with an average of 3.2g microrhizome per culture. Rhizome formation did not occur in different strengths of MS media (full, half and quarter) containing 2% sucrose. Effect of nutrients and sucrose on microrhizome production and diosgenin accumulation was analyzed. Maximum diosgenin content was recorded in microrhizomes produced in full strength MS medium containing 6% sucrose and least in quarter strength MS medium containing 8% sucrose.

5 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

018141   George S;Geetha S P;Balachandran I (NO, CMS College, Kottayam-686 001, Email: george.sateesh@gmail.com) : In vitro multiplication of Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex kurz-an endangered medicinal plant. Med Pl 2012, 4(1), 45-8.

Protocol has been standardized for in vitro propagation of Rauvolfia serpentina. Maximum shoot multiplication was obtained in MS medium containing 2.0 mgl^-1 BA. MS medium containing 1.5 mgl^-1 NAA was superior for root induction with an average number of 11.5 roots per shoot. Rooted plantlets transferred from half strength MS basal and MS medium containing 1.0 mgl^-1 NAA showed 100% survival in the field, whereas rooted plantlets transferred from NAA containing media with intervening callus showed low establishment rate (50%).

^ssc1 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

018140   Gehlot P;Singh S K;Pathak R (Botany Dep, JNV Univ, Jodhpur-342 001, Email: drpg73@rediffmail.com) : Morphometric and molecular characterization of fungus Pestalotiopsis using nuclear ribosomal DNA analysis. J envir Biol 2012, 33(5), 897-901.

Taxonomy of the fungus Pestalotiopsis based on morphological characters has been equivocal. Molecular characterization of ten Pestalotiopsis species was done based on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) amplifications. Results of the analyses showed that species of genus Pestalotiopsis are monophyletic. We report ITS length variations, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/ deletions (INDELS) among ten species of Pestalotiopsis that did not cause any phylogenetic error at either genus or species designation levels. New gene sequences have been assigned (Gen Accession numbers from HM 190146 to HM 190155) by the National Centre for Biotechnology Information, USA.

2 illus, 2 tables, 44 ref

018139   Gavanji S;Larki B;Doostmohammadi M; Mortezaeinezad F (Young Researcher Club, Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad Univ, Khorasgan, Iran, Email: shahin.gavanji@yahoo.com) : Production of a new mixed herbal medicine for minor aphthous ulcers. Med Pl 2012, 4(1), 49-51.

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common oral mucosa lesions seen in primary care. RAS is a pathologic condition characterized by recurring, painful, small oral mucosal ulcers with a round or oval aspect, clean borders. The aim of this study was to recognize the effect of a new mixed herbal medicine on minor RAS as a treatment, which is more effective and has fewer side effects. This study was done by double blind method.38 patients without any systematic illness were investigated in two groups: case group (19 patients) and blank treatment (19 patients). A new mixed herbal medicine was used for both the groups. This medicine includes Rosa damascena, Melissa officinalis, Quercus robur and Portulaca olearaceae. The results showed an effective treatment for minor aphthous ulcers through using the four herbal products which showed a shorter healing period with fewer side effects.

^ssc1 table, 28 ref

018138   Garg P;Malik C P (School of Life Sciences, Jaipur National Univ, Jaipur, Rajasthan, Email: cpm_malik@yahoo.com) : Efficient micro-propagation protocol for Cissus quadrangularis L.. Med Pl 2012, 4(1), 1-6.

Study was conducted to develop an efficient protocol for rapid in vitro micropropagation by multiple shoot induction from nodal segment of Cissus quadrangularis, an important medicinal plant, on MS-medium supplemented with different concentration and combinations of kinetin, 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine and zeatin. Four multiple shoots were observed in MS medium supplemented with zeatin (1 mg L^-1). In some cases, 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1 mg L^-1) also showed better results. The maximum mean length of the shoots was recorded on MS medium fortified with 6-benzylaminopurine (2 mg L^-1). In some cases 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1 mg L^-1) and 6-benzylaminopurine (6 mg L^-1) in combination with kinetin (1 mg L^-1) also showed good results. The regenerated shoots were rooted better on MS-basal medium (80%) without plant growth regulators as compared to MS medium with indole-3-butyric acid (1 mg L^-1). This method may successfully be employed for large scale multiplication and in vitro conservation of C. quadrangularis.

2 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

018137   Ganeshpurkur A;Rai G (Pharmacy Dep, Shri Ram Institute of Technology, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, Email: drgopalrai1978@gmail.com) : Experimental evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of oyster mushroom Pleurotus florida. Indian J Pharmac 2013, 45(1), 66-70.

Edible mushrooms have been used as flavorful foods and as health nutritional supplements for several centuries. A number of bioactive molecules have been identified in numerous mushroom species Objective: To evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus florida using various experimental models in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Acute toxicity studies were performed whereby dose of 250 mg/ kg and 500 mg/kg was selected for present study, Analgesic activity was determined using hot plate method, tail flick method, acetic acid induced writhing and formalin induced pain in rats, while carrageenan was used to induce inflammation and anti-inflammatory studies were performed. Results: HEE showed significant (P <60> 0.01) analgesic and anti-inflammatory response against all experimental models. Conclusion: These studies conclude that Pleurotus florida possesses analgesic and anti- inflammatory potential which might be due to presence of myochemicals like flavonoids, phenolics and polysaccharides.

7 illus, 25 ref

018136   Eltayeb A;Ibrahim K (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, Faculty of Pharmacy, Khartoum Univ, P.O. Box 1996, Sudan, Email: draliz70@yahoo.com) : Potential antileishmanial effect of three medicinal plants. Indian J pharm Sci 2012, 74(2), 171-4.

The antileishmanial activity of three organic solvent extracts and water residue of the plants: Acacia nilotica (Mimbsaceae) (husk), Ambrosia miratima (Astraceae) (aerial shoot) and Azadarichta indica (Meliaceae) (leaves) were tested in vitro against Leishmania donovani prornastigotes. The study revealed that the extracts of A. nilotica and A. miratima have effectious antileishmanial activity at concentrations (IC₅₀) less than 8 μg/ml, while the extracts of A. indica lack antileishmanial activity. The chromatographic analysis of the ethyl acetate extract of A. nilotica, the most potent extract, resulted in four TLC fractions. Three of these fractions possessed antileishmanial activity. Phytochemical study of the potent fractions revealed the presence of poly hydroxyl compounds.

^ssc3 tables, 8 ref

018135   Dewangan D;Singh A P;Nirala H;Verma M (Agronomy Dep, IGKV, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, Email: devendewangan@gmail.com ) : Effect of different weed management practices on weed density and weed dry matter production in system of rice intensification (SRI). Indian J Weed Sci 2011, 43(3-4), 217-21.

Twelve different weed management practices were laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Rice variety "MTU-1010" was grown as a test crop. Rice was transplanted with a spacing of 20 x 20 cm and fertilized with 90, 60 and 40 kg/N, P and K/ha, respectively. At later period of growth, maximum panicle length, number of seeds/panicle, WCE, weed density, dry matter accumulation under post-emergence fb post-emergence application of fenoxaprop-p-ethy (60 g/ha) + ethoxysulfuron (15 g/ha) favoured significant enhancement in seed yield which was at par with hand weeding. Application of post-emergence fb post-emergence application of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (60 g/ha) + ethoxysulfuron (15 g/ha) gave higher net return (Rs 3,4249.72/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.72).

5 tables, 12 ref

018134   Dash S S (Botanical Survey of India, Arunachal Pradesh Regional Centre, Itanagar) : Floristic composition of early recovery vegetation of traditional shifting cultivated areas of Kurung-Kumey district of Arunachal Pradesh. Indian For 2012, 138(9), 767-75.

Shifting cultivation is a major form of agricultural practice in Kurungkumey district of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Conventional agricultural practices are virtually absent in the district as terrain is mountainous. The present paper deals with the floristic composition of the early recovering plants in four shifting cultivated areas of Kurung-kumey district. Four demarcated plots each in Sangram, Palin, Nyapin and Sarlee circle was considered for the floristic inventory. Three different community functional groups viz. tree, shrub and ground vegetation (herb) were considered. The study resulted in documentation of total 216 species belonging 64 families and 58 genera flowering plants in the secondary succession area. The number of species encountered in each plot was 155, 126,148 and 150 respectively. Results indicated that only a few families viz, Poaceae, Asteraceae and Rubiaceae were dominated in the early recovery vegetation of shifting cultivation. Also the occurrences of deciduous species are in high percentage in the early recovery community as compared to the natural secondary forests of the region.

4 tables, 18 ref

018133   Batra A;Banerji B K;Dwivedi A K (Floriculture Div, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226 001) : Morphological and biochemical characterization of chrysanthemum cultivars. Bhartiya Vaigyanik Evam Audyogik Anusandhan Patrika 2012, 20(2), 192-5.

Ten large flowered chrysanthemum cultivars growing in experimental plots of Floriculture Division of CSIR-NBR1, Lucknow were selected for morphological and biochemical characterization. For morphological characterization data were recorded on plant height, number of branches, stem diameter, plant spreading (north-south and east-west), leaf number and size (length, width and petiole), colour, chlorophyll content (chlorophyll a, b and total) and flower characteristics like bud initiation, first colour shown and full bloom, number of flowers, colour, weight, height; number of ray florets and their number, length and width etc. Under biochemical characterization programme ray florets were collected for detailed analysis of anthocyanins, carotenoides and flavonoids. On the basis of morphological and biochemical analysis, this study clearly shows differences between different cultivars of Chrysanlhemum.

2 illus, 2 ref