003323   Singh A K;Dubey A K (Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: aksingh36@yahoo.com) : Shoot organogenesis from leaves of strawberry. Indian J Pl Physiol 2003, (Spl Iss Pt 2), 677-80.

A protocol for high frequency adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf explant of strawberry (Fragaria) was developed. The highest percentage of regeneration and the greatest number of shoots were obtained when leaf explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium containing 3.2 μ M IBA and 60,3 μ M 2ip. Genotypic variation was observed for adventitious shoot regeneration potential among the four cultivars tested. Regeneration frequencies ranged from 12 to 96%. 'Selva' cultivar of strawberry had the highest rate of regeneration after two months of culture incubation. Shoot regeneration efficiency was as high as 96% and yielded an average of 21 shoots per explants. In vitro raised shoots rooted in MS medium in about 10 days. The protocol was repeated and found suitable for genetic transformation for genetic improvement.

3 tables, 12 ref

003322   Shivay Y S;Hong C J (Division of Agronomy, IARI, New Delhi-110 012, Email: ysshivay@hotmail.com) : Potassium nutrition of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes under low available soil potassium using minolta spad-502 chlorophyll meter. Indian J Pl Physiol 2003, (Spl Iss Pt 2), 576-83.

A field experiment was conducted during winter season of 1998-99 to evaluate the performance of Minolta SPAD-502 Chlorophyll meter for potassium nutrition in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes under low available soil K condition (35 mg/kg of soil). There was significant effect of potassium nutrition on Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter values in the flag leaves of barley at weekly intervals starting from complete heading stage to physiological maturity and consequently significant increase in N, P, K contents and their accumulation in grain and straw, grain and straw yields and grain crude protein content and its yield. The maximum Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter values of the flag leaf at all the weekly intervals were recorded with the highest level of K nutrition (225 kg K₂O/ha). Among the eleven tested barley genotypes significant variations were also recorded with respect to Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter values in the flag leaf, N, P, K contents and their accumulation in grain and straw; grain and straw yields and grain crude protein content and yield, indicating a wide genetic variability in barley for potassium utilization efficiency. The maximum N content (1.91%) in barley grain was recorded with Nongda-3 genotype followed by 98-40, 97-7 and 96-30 genotypes (1.86%) and these remained on par to each other. The lowest N content in grain (1.46%) was recorded with 98-30 genotype and it was at par with 98-7 genotype.

5 tables, 18 ref

003321   Shinde A K;Patil B P;Pujari K H;Jadhav B B; Chandelkar A B;Kandalkar M P (Regional Fruit Research Station, , Vengurle-416 516, Email: shindeak53@rediffmail.com) : Investigations on the control of fruit drop in alphonso mango. Indian J Pl Physiol 2006, 11(1), 93-9.

Field experiments were conducted during 1998-2002 for identification of pollinizer varieties, control of recurring flowering and control of fruit drop by use of mineral nutrients and growth regulators in Alphonso mango at the Regional Fruit Research Station, Vengurle, Sindhudurg. The investigations revealed that variety Kesar, Ratna and Goamankur were the best pollinizer varieties for Alphonso mango as substantiated by synchrony in flowering with Alphonso, better fruit set and acceptable fruit quality of pollinizer. Alphonso x Alphonso cross combination showed only 4% fruit retention whereas, Alphonso x Kesar, Alphonso x Ratna and Alphonso x Goamankur revealed 10-12% fruit retention. Therefore, plantation of 10 to 15% trees of Kesar, Ratna or Goamankur in Alphonso orchards as pollinizers was recommended. The recurring flowering emerging at the base of old flowering panicle causes heavy fruit drop from adjacent old ones. The foliar spray of GA₃ (50 ppm) at full bloom stage significantly reduced the recurring flowering in Alphonso mango. For control of flower/fruit drop in Alphonso mango, foliar spray of nutrients (urea, KNO₃, micronutrient complex) and growth regulators (NAA, triacontanol) at different concentrations were tested separately and in combination. The three years data revealed that urea 2%, NAA 20 ppm and micronutrient mixture 50 ppm in combination produced significantly higher fruit yield followed by combined application of urea + triacontanol + micronutrient.

6 tables, 10 ref

003320   Sharma V;Srivastava R (Department Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith (Deemed University), Banasthali-304 022) : Effect of chemical fungicide and biocontrol agents on nodulation in pea (Pisum sativum L.) by Rhizobium. Biosci Res Bull 2005, 21(2), 103-7.

It was observed that treatment of pea seeds with Trichoderma harzianum (3 gm/kg seed) and Bavistin (1 gm/kg seed) was compatible with Rhizobium inoculation while the treatment of pea seeds with Bacillus thuringiensis (3 gm/kg seed) decreased nodulation in pea.

6 tables, 9 ref

003319   Sharma V (Department of Basic Sciences, Dr. Y.S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni-Solan-173 230, Email: drveenasharma@hotmail.com) : Root establishment in some tree stem cuttings suspended in water and their survival on subsequent transplanting. Indian J Pl Physiol 2003, (Spl Iss Pt 2), 764-7.

Thin (0.5-1.0) and thick (2.0 ± 0.5 cm basal diameter) hard wood and coppice shoot leafy cuttings from eucalyptus (Eucalyptus treticornis) and poplar (Populus deltoides) trees (raised from seeds) and hard wood and semi hardwood leafy stem cuttings from salix (Salix babylonica) trees (raised from adult wood stem cutting) were made in mid summer. After with and without IBA (50, 100, 250 mg/1, 72 hours dip) pretreatment, cuttings were placed for rooting in water. Only thick coppice shoots of eucalyptus sprouted unaccompanied with root initiation. Coppice shoots of poplar sprouted 6 days earlier than hard wood cuttings. IBA pretreatment at 50 and 100 mg/1 delayed bud sprouting and with 250 mg/1 IBA pretreatment, buds on coppice poplar shoots failed to sprout. In salix hard wood or semi hardwood leafy stem cuttings, buds sprouted earlier in untreated cuttings. IBA treatments at 50 and 100 mg/1 increased average root number per cutting to 24 and 47 respectively. With 250 mg/1 IBA, numerous (<62>50) root primordia were established. On out planting of cuttings in nursery beds in July, eucalyptus cuttings did not survive. Only about 45 per cent of untreated hard wood stem cuttings of poplar survived. Survival of rooted salix stem cuttings was 60 to 90 per cent with good shoot growth.

3 tables, 18 ref

003318   Sharma R R;Sharma V P;Pandey S N;Srivastav M (Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: rrs_fht@rediffmail.com) : Effect of mulching of plant growth, leaf physiology and albinism disorder in strawberry. Indian J Pl Physiol 2003, (Spl Iss Pt 2), 462-6.

Mulching is one of the most important cultural practices in strawberry, which influences plant growth through better moisture conservation, temperature regulation and suppression in weed growth and population. Studies were conducted to observe the effect of three mulches (black polyethylene, white polyethylene, paddy straw) on plant growth, leaf physiology and albinism incidence in strawberry. All plant growth parameters viz. plant height, leaf number, leaf area and leaf physiological parameters like photosynthetic rate, stomatal density and chlorophyll content were influenced by different mulch materials, highest being with black polyethylene, and the minimum with paddy straw. Interestingly, the fruits were worst affected by albinism (43.5%), when black polyethylene was used as mulch and were the least affected with paddy straw (15.3%). Among cultivars, Etna had the highest incidence of albinism (56.4%) and Fern the least (21.6%). Based on these observations, paddy straw seems to be the better option for its use as mulch in strawberry in warmer localities.

3 tables, 12 ref

003317   Sharma P;Pandey S;Bhattacharya A;Nagar P K; Ahuja P S (Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176 061, Email: nagar_pk2001@yahoo.co.uk ) : Role of ABA and desiccation tolerance in somatic embryos of tea. Indian J Pl Physiol 2003, (Spl Iss Pt 2), 661-5.

Role of ABA and desiccation stress was studied in 'heart stage' somatic embryos of tea in order to increase its germination ability by inducing a normal maturation phase. Higher ratios of starch to TSS (5X) in the ABA treated (5.0 mg/1 for 14 days) embryos as compared to control (0.27X) reflected the conversion of simple sugars into complex polysaccharides and hence resulted in higher accumulation of storage reserves in the heart or maturation stage of somatic embryos. Although accumulation of reserves was higher as compared to control after desiccation, it was lesser than with ABA treatment. Increase in total protein content and appearance of high molecular proteins in response to desiccation stress in the embryos was observed. Appearance of low (approx. 5 kDa) and medium (approx. 25 kDa) range proteins in the desiccated embryos treated with ABA indicated the involvement of ABA in inducing proper maturation through the expression of certain middle range proteins.

3 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

003316   Sharma P K;Sethi G S;Sharma S K;Sharma T K (Agroforestry and Environmental Sciences Dep, CSK HPKV, Palampur-176 061, Email: praveenkumarsharma11@rediffmail.com) : Ethnomedicinal observations among the inhabitants of cold desert area of Himachal Pradesh. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2006, 5(3), 358-61.

Deals with the field observations of traditional phytotherapeutic applications used by inhabitants of Spiti valley, a cold desert in western Himalayas. The average land population ratio in the area is probably thinnest in the world. The Spitians (originally Mongolians) have been largely dependent on the plant resources for food, fuel, timber, household articles, and medicines to a great extent for ages. First hand information of about 26 plant species were recorded during extensive field survey carried out in cold desert area of Himachal Pradesh during 2003. The information covers scientific name, vernacular names, plant parts used and mode of usages.

6 illus, 2 tables, 5 ref

003315   Shanthi P;Xavier A (Department of Botany, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, Email: shanthivaishali@yahoo.co.in) : Micropropagation of Acmella calva DC R.K. Jansen from node explants. Indian J Pl Physiol 2006, 11(1), 89-92.

Efficient method for plant regeneration from nodal explants of Acmella calva (DC) R. K. Jansen has been developed. The nodal explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium fortified with different concentrations (0.5 - 5.0 mg l^-1) of benzyldenine (BA), and adenine sulphate (Ads). BA was found to be the effective cytokinin, which when used at 3.0 mg l^-1, produced 15 shoots/explant. The well developed shoots were excised and rooted on 1/2 and full strength MS medium containing different concentrations (0.5 - 5.0 mg l^-11) of IAA and NAA. The rooted plantlets were transferred to plastic cups containing vermiculite for hardening and then to the soil condition. After one month the in vitro derived plantlets started to produce flowers.

1 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

003314   Shantha T R;Shetty J K P;Ammal I;Bikshapathi T (NO, Regional Research Institute, Ashoka Pillar, Bangalore-560 011) : Pharmacognostical studies on Vata shrung, (Ficus benghalensis Linn. leaf primordium). Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2006, 5(3), 388-93.

Communication deals with pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochmical studies on the leaf primordium of Ficus benghalensis, which is used in Pumsavana Samskar of Ayurvedic System of Medicine. Different plants parts are used to cure number of diseases in indigenous system of medicine. No reports are available on microscopical and phytochemical studies, hence, the present attempt was undertaken to investigate the microscopical and preliminary phytochemical studies. Revealed the presence of simple starch grains, clustered calcium oxalate crystals, patches of rounded to polygonal stone cells with lignified cell walls, broad and narrow lumen, thick walled cells, abundant unicellular trichomes and brown tannin content.

23 illus, 3 tables, 23 ref

003313   Saxena D C;Abbas S;Sairam R K (Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: saxena_54@yahoo.com) : Chemical manipulation of reproductive efficiency of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) by benzyladenine. Indian J Pl Physiol 2003, (Spl Iss Pt 2), 711-15.

Reproductive efficiency of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cv. BG-209 was chemically manipulated by the application of different concentrations of benzyladenine at pre-flowering, flowering and post-flowering stages. The parameters determining reproductive efficiency and the yield were significantly improved due to reduction in flowers and pods abscission. The improved pod and seed set by the application of benzyladenine were associated both with better realization of reproductive efficiency as well as increase in biomass which was associated with increase in leaf area. Hence, the distribution of assimilates into reproductive parameters and a shift in the rate of growth and development resulted in improved reproductive efficiency, better harvest index and final yield.

3 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

003312   Saroha P;Malik V S;Jitendra Mohan (Department of Botany and Industrial Microbiology, Janta Vedic College, Baraut, Baghpat) : Efficacy of alginate pellets of Beauveria bassiana for the control of potato beetle. Biosci Res Bull 2005, 21(2), 95-7.

Beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic fungus that holds great promise as a biological control agent against Potato beetle. The predominantly conidial preparations of the fungus produced in alginate as carrier infected the subjected potato beetle directly through the outside of the insect's skin. In laboratory studies conducted to determine the bioinsecticidal activityof Beauveria bassiana alginate formulation on the Potato beetle, mortality at the end of the 7 days was found to vary between 80% to 90% with both (1% and 2%) product formulations.

1 table, 7 ref

003311   Saikia S P;Jain V;Srivastava G C (Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: vanita_pph@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of Azospirillum and Azorhizobium on maize yield. Indian J Pl Physiol 2003, (Spl Iss Pt 2), 539-44.

An attempt was made to study the effect of biofertilizer (Azospirillum and Azorhizobium) on growth, yield and nutrient composition of grain and stover in maize (Zea mays L.). Seeds of maize cv. Kiran were inoculated with biofertilizers alone or in combination with 50% recommended fertilizer.dose and plants were grown under pot culture conditions till maturity. It was observed that treatment of seeds with Azospirillum and Azorhizobium significantly increased the grain yield of maize, the increase being more in treatments where biofertilizers were applied along with 50% recommended fertilizer dose. Further maize plants, treated with biofertilizers showed higher nutrient content in grains and stover and higher net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content in the leaves. Biofertilizers when applied with 50% dose of fertilizer to the crop or seed treated with Azospirillum showed significantly higher grain yield.

2 i, 1 t, 14 ref, 1 plate

003310   Saha D;Srivastava S;Majee R N;Kumar K K (Division of Lac Production, Lac Processing and Product Development Di, Indian Lac Research Institute, Namkum, Ranchi-834 010, Email: dipsaha@mail.com) : PGR analogue from aleuritic acid of lac resin. Indian J Pl Physiol 2003, (Spl Iss Pt 2), 666-71.

Aleuritic acid, a component acid of lac resin, is a source of various bioactive compounds like PGR analogues. Several acids and methyl ester compounds synthesized from aleuritic acid are tested to have PGR like activities. 10-carboxymethyl-2-decenoic acid resulted into root initiation on shoot tip cultures of Flemingia macrophylla when supplemented with 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/1 concentrations in MS medium. At higher concentrations, the PGR analogue produced either less or deformed growth of shoots. The results conclusively indicate of its activity as an auxin like plant growth regulator.

6 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

003309   Reintam E;Kuht J (Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Estonian Agricultural University, Viljandi Road, Eerika, 51014 Tartu, Estonia, Email: endla@eau.ee) : Changes in nutrient uptake and cellular fluid pH of spring barley as affected by soil compaction. Indian J Pl Physiol 2003, (Spl Iss Pt 2), 522-6.

Data were collected from Estonian Agricultural University research field (58°23'N, 26°44'E) with different levels of soil compaction (4 levels) on sandy loam soil in 1997, 2001 and 2002. The main objective was to investigate the effect of soil bulk density, on nutrient (N, P, K) assimilation and on cellular fluid pH of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The results of the experiment showed that if the soil bulk density increased up to level 1.56 g cm^-3 there was a sudden increase of cellular fluid pH, The greatest impact of soil compaction was on nitrogen and potassium. The nitrogen and potassium content in barley dry matter decreases up to 40% by high soil bulk density. The experiment showed that the higher decrease of nutrient content started at the same soil bulk density value, as the cellular fluid pH increased.

2 illus, 32 ref

003308   Rao V L N;Busi B R;Rao B D;Seshagiri Rao C; Bharathi K;Venkaiah M (Anthropology Dep, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003, Email: vithala_narasimharao2000@yahoo.com) : Ethnomedicinal practices among Khonds of Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2006, 5(2), 217-9.

Provides information on 11 medicinal plants belonging to 10 families, used by Khonds for treatment of various ailments. The local names, method of preparation and admimstration of medicine are mentioned. Khonds largely depend on herbal medicines for primary healthcare and the prevalent ethnomedical system is attributed to their cultural framework.

1 table, 13 ref

003307   Rani A;Sawhney S (Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, Email: sudhirsawhney@rediffmail.com) : Inhibition of root differentiation on hypocotyl cuttings of Vigna mungo L. Hepper by Lidocaine - A local anaesthetic agent. Indian J Pl Physiol 2003, (Spl Iss Pt 2), 732-6.

One time limited duration treatment with local anaesthetic lidocaine (2-diethylamino-N-|2,6-dimethylphenylj-acetamide) caused drastic reduction in the percentage of cuttings that survived and rooted and also resulted in significant inhibition of root extension growth on hypocotylar cuttings of Vigna mungo. The inhibitory effect, in general, increased with both concentration as well as duration of anaesthetic treatment, with either dosage component generating similar and additive effects. The number of roots differentiated however remained unaffected. Lidocaine treatment also produced characteristic toxic effects in the cuttings.

2 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref

003306   Raji B;Remadevi O K (NO, Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Malleswaram P.O., Bangalore-560 003) : Diversity indices of insects in the mangroves of Karnataka along the west coast of India. Indian J Trop Biodiversity 2005, 13(2), 92-6.

Insect fauna of mangroves has received little attention in spite of its diversity. Eighty two morpho-species of insects belonging to 44 families and 7 orders were collected from Jalady mangroves in the west coast of Karnataka during the one year period of observation. The Shannon's index of diversity for pooled data of the bimonthly collections at Jalady ranges from 2.337-3.274. The collections recorded a species richness index of 0.981. Diptera was found to be the most dominant order with a dominance index of 42.54. The Shannon's evenness index of insect diversity calculated from the pooled data shows an intermediate evenness. The study has enabled us to form the most baseline data on the insect diversity of mangroves in the west coast of India. This is the first report on the quantitative assessment of insect diversity from a mangrove. The study also revealed that though the vegetation diversity is low in mangroves, the insect diversity is comparable to any other tropical forest ecosystem.

3 illus, 14 ref

003305   Qureshi I A;Dash P K;Kansal R;Srivastava P S; Koundal K R (NRC on Plant Biotechnology, I.A.R.I., New Delhi, Email: kirparam@rediffmail.com) : Isolation and characterization of a lectin from seeds of chickpea. Indian J Pl Physiol 2003, (Spl Iss Pt 2), 625-9.

Lectin has been isolated and purified from seeds of Cicer arietimum (L.) by ammonium sulfate fractionation and affinity chromatography on N-acetyl galactosamine linked agarose column. Eluted protein from the column resolved to a single band of 30 kD on SDS-PAGE. Gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 showed that it is a 120kD protein. Chickpea lectin is a tetramer of 30 kD subunits that agglutinates rabbit erythrocytes. Hemagglutination inhibition assay using large number of sugars showed that it is a galactose specific protein, which has higher affinity for N-acetyl galactosamine.

2 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

003304   Purkayastha J;Nath S C (Medicinal, Aromatic and Economic Plants Div, Regional Research Laboratory, Jorhat-785 006, Email: scnath2004@yahoo.co.in) : Biological activities of ethnomedicinal claims of some plant species of Assam. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2006, 5(2), 229-36.

Folklore medicinal uses and biological activities of some plant species growing wild in Assam of North-East India were studied based on the review of literature reports. An account of 65 plant species indicating positive correlation between their folklore claims and biological activities were reported in this communication. For each plant species described botanical name, local name(s), parts used and folklore claims, and. biological activities were given. Not only revealed the authenticity of traditional knowledge of the ethnic people of Assam on utilitarian aspects of these plant species but also indicated the possibility of utilizing them for greater economic use.

6 illus, 59 ref

003303   Prashantkumar P;Vidyasagar G M (Botany Dep, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga-585 106, Email: gmvidyasagar@rediffmail.com ) : Documentation of traditional knowledge on medicinal plants of Bidar district, Karnataka. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2006, 5(3), 295-9.

Floristic survey of Bidar district was made to assess the medicinal value of herbaceous flora, It is observed that local people practice traditional system of medicine in their healthcare system. About 30 plant species. belonging to 29 genera and 20 families largely used as medicine by tribals and local people of Bidar have been enumerated.These plants contain valuable chemical substances and are employed in the treatment of various ailments. Work aims at documentation of traditional uses of the local medicinal plants for the benefit of mankind and further scientific investigation.

10 illus, 17 ref

003302   Prasad K;Kushalappa K;Vijayraghavan U (Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Raman Avenue, Bangalore-560 012, Email: uvr@mcbl.iisc.ernet.in) : Genomic structure of rfl/osl, a rice lfy homolog, and the regulated repression of its expression in vegetative tissues. Indian J Pl Physiol 2003, (Spl Iss Pt 2), 439-46.

RNA-expression pattern of rice LFY like gene: RFL/OSL (RFL japonica and OSL from indica variety of rice) indicates both evolutionarily conserved and divergent functions. Authors have isolated and characterized genomic clones (OSL) from the indica rice. The RFL/OSL gene, as in dicot model plants, is organized as three exons and two introns whose positions in the ORF are conserved. RFL/OSL is expressed in reproductive meristems but not vegetative meristems. To identify cis-regulatory sequences that repress expression in vegetative tissues, RFL/OSL::GUS fusions were transformed into rice. Identify a sequence element positioned between -3027 and -2661 of the ORF as a controlling sequence for RFL/OSL repression in leaf sheaths and dividing callus cells. The repressive properties are unaffected by a variety of plant hormones suggesting a role for cis-sequence motifs other than the known hormone responsive elements. These findings would help in engineering transcription regulatory elements for targeted expression of foreign genes.

3 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

003301   Pramanick P K;Sharma V P;Deshmukh P S;Singh S K (Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: pkpramanick_fht@rediffmail.com) : Changes in endogenous phytohormone levels during onset and release of dormancy in grapevine Cv. Pusa seedless. Indian J Pl Physiol 2003, (Spl Iss Pt 2), 716-18.

In order to study dormancy in Pusa Seedless grape, an experiment was conducted at the Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, IARI, New Delhi. Bud samples were collected fortnightly from onset (1^st November) to release (15th March) of dormancy. Samples were analyzed periodically for endogenous IAA, GA₃ and ABA contents. The quantity of endogenous GA₃ showed a distinct variation from the stage of onset of dormancy to bud sprouting. Almost three-fold increase in the amount of quantifiable GA₃ was noted at the time of bud sprouting (9.09 ug g^-1) as compared to onset of dormancy (3.15 μ g g^-1). On the other hand, a high (6.56 μ g g^-1) level of ABA was recorded in the dormant buds during onset of dormancy. There after a steep increase (8.75 μ g g^-1) in its amount was noted during deep dormancy, which declined and became non-traceable at the time of dormancy release and bud sprouting. However, in vivo IAA concentration did not show much variation in both the dormancy cycles.

2 tables, 6 ref

003300   Prakasha H M;Krishnappa M (PG Studies and Research in Applied Botany Dep, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta-577 451) : People's knowledge on medicinal plants in Sringeri taluk, Karnataka. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2006, 5(3), 353-7.

Reports therapeutic uses of eleven medicinal plants used by the indigenous people for curing many of the skin diseases. For ringworms, eczema and scabies, the species of Lobelia, Vitex, Asparagus, Leucas and Ocimum are used, during prickly heat, itching and measles, species of Ocimum, Asparagus, Adhatoda, and Leucas are used, while during small pox, species of Hibiscus and Vitex are extensively used. Indigenous people depend upon these plants for curing the skin disorders rather going for modern medicine. Documentation of such knowledge is important to evaluate culture and protection of people's exert on local biodiversity, since these aspects have implications in conservation and management of local resources.

1 illus, 15 ref

003299   Pfoze N L;Chiezou D N (NO, SEDCORM/FAD, Hill Bird Building, Senapati, Manipur; North Eastern Region Community Resource Management Project (NERCRMP), Shillong 1, Email: nlpmaoifad@yahoo.co.in) : Dicentra scandens (D.Don) Walp. - a highly potent ethnomedicinal plant against malaria, high blood pressure and diabetes. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2006, 5(2), 268-70.

Dicentra scandens (D.Don) Walp. syn Dicentra thalictrifolia (Wall.) Hook. f. & Thoms. is a climbing perennial herb, belonging to the family Fumariaceae. The plant thrives well in moist sandy loam or loamy or forest soils very rich in organic matter. The plant has been used for years by Naga ethnic tribal communities living in eastern Nagaland state for treating various diseases including a number of fatal diseases like malaria, high blood pressure and diabetes. Therefore, it is warranted that step needs to be taken up for laboratory research to probe for validity test as claimed by herbalists and ultimately evolve a system for bio-prospecting and bio-partnership in bringing about cultivation.

3 illus, 4 ref

003298   Pawar S;Patil D A (Botany Dep, Pratap College, Amalner-425 401) : Folk remedies against rheumatic disorders in Jalgaon district, Maharashtra. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2006, 5(3), 314-6.

Deals with 26 species of angiosperms belonging to 20 families employed against rheumatic disorders by aboriginal and rural folks of Jalgaon district. The folkloric information about their vernacular names, plant product or parts used, form of application and method of administration, etc. are gathered. The data accrued is compared with the available literature. Eight plants species are new reports to treat rheumatism. Three other plant species are described in other parts of India but different plant parts are used. Further research on modern scientific line is necessary to improvise their efficacy, safety and validation of the traditional knowledge.

20 ref

003297   Patil H M;Bhaskar V V (NO, VN College, Shahada, District Nandurbar, Maharashtra, Email: v_bhaskar_v@yahoo.com) : Medicinal knowledge system of tribals of Nandurbar district, Maharashtra. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2006, 5(3), 327-30.

Reports 33 tribal medicinal preparation for curing different ailments. It includes 10 preparations for 6 types of skin diseases, 3 preparations or types of eye diseases, 2 for tuberculosis, 5 for piles, and 13 for other diseases. Need has been emphasized for putting the tribal knowledge system of Nandurbar to validation test by pharmacologists.

21 ref

003296   Pathipati Usha Rani (Biology and Biotechnology Div, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Taranaka, Hyderabad-500 007, Email: purani@iictnet.org) : Induced defence in plants: interactions with other organisms. Allelopathy J 2006, 17(2), 181-97.

Plants are attacked by various organisms such as insects and microbes. If unchecked, plants can suffer major losses due to predation. However, the struggle for survival has enabled the plant to develop complex response systems that provide a line of defence. These defensive responses in the form of volatile chemicals are induced by the feeding of insects and are be triggered by larval- oral secretions. These chemicals attract the pest's natural enemies by providing important host location cues to them. This recently discovered phenomenon is gaining importance in tri-trophic relations.

98 ref

003295   Patel S R;Sharma A N;Shah R R;Raman S (Soil and Water Management Research Unit, Gujarat Agricultural University, Navsari-396 450, Email: rajendrakumar@hotmail.com) : Manipulation of physiological parameters in cauliflower )Brassica oleracea L.) var. early snowball by irrigation and mulching treatments. Indian J Pl Physiol 2003, (Spl Iss Pt 2), 467-70.

The rates of photosynthesis and transpiration at flower head (curd) initiation and pre-harvest stages were stimulated by increased level of irrigation (IW/CPE ratio from 0.5 to 1.0). The IW/CPE ratio of 1.0 registered maximum photosynthesis (8.57 μmol m^-2s^-1) as well as transpiration (3.03 mmol m^-2s^-1) rates. On the other hand, there was significant reduction in leaf temperature at the highest irrigation level. Among various mulching treatments such as sugarcane trash and black, yellow and green plastic mulches, black plastic mulch favourably manipulated photosynthetic and transpiration rates. However it recorded maximum value for leaf temperature. The correlation studies revealed that the rates of photosynthesis and transpiration were positively correlated with yield per plant. The regression coefficient equation showed that photosynthetic rate at curd initiation and transpiration rate and leaf temperature at pre-harvest stage together contributed 91 per cent to the yield per plant.

5 tables, 6 ref

003294   Panwar J D S;Naidu V S G R (Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: jdsp47@rediffmail.com) : Physiological studies in relation to nodulation, nitrogen flxation and yield in rice using plant growth regulators and bacteria. Indian J Pl Physiol 2003, (Spl Iss Pt 2), 592-6.

Nodule like growth was induced under laboratory condition using plant growth regulators (2,4-D, NAA and IBA) in nitrogen free growth medium in rice cv. Pusa 834. These were then inoculated with bacterial cultures of Azospirillum brasilense (SP 7) and Azorhizobium caulinodans (ORS 571). After bacterial inoculations plants were transferred to pots under natural conditions. The nodule induction with 2,4-D (0.5 ppm) was better than NAA (8 ppm) and IBA (8 ppm). The nitrogenase activity and leghaemoglobin content were relatively more in 2,4-D + Azospirillum brasilense in nitrogen free growth medium than any other treatments. The bacterial entry was through the crack between the nodule structure and root. The vascular connectivity with central system in the root was observed. The colonization of nodule by A. caulinodans was more than by A. brasilense. After transplanting to pots the treated plants showed higher chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance and higher harvest index. Treatment with 2,4-D + Azospirillum brasilense and or with Azorhizobium caulinodans showed greater growth than with IBA/NAA. The enhanced N content in grains and straw due to inoculation confirms the N fixation and its remobilization to different plant parts.

2 ts, 18 ref, 7 plate

003293   Pansuriya S H;Chudasama R S;Bagatharia S B; Thakar V S (Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot-360 005, Email: vsthaker@hotmail.com) : Production of diphenol and monophenol compounds from the leaf callus of Morus alba and studies on their antibacterial properties. Indian J Pl Physiol 2006, 11(1), 36-40.

White mulberry (Morus alba L.) is an economically important tree species of family Moraceae and is cultivated in many parts of the world. Leaf discs of white mulberry were used as explants and inoculated on to Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of 2, 4-D, NAA, BAP and KiN. Antibacterial activity was evaluated from explants and leaf induced calluses against Bacillus subtilis. Calluses raised from different combinations showed remarkable antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis as compared to explants alone i.e. leaf tissue. Phenolic contents from explants and calluses were also estimated. Diphenols and monophenols were higher in callus cells as compared to explants suggesting their probable role as antimicrobial agents against B. subtilis. Further, antibacterial activity against B. subtilis was also tested with standard monophenol and diphenol.

2 tables, 14 ref, 1 plate

003292   Pandya H;Saxena O P (Department of Botany, Tissue Culture Laboratory, University School of, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad-380 009, Email: hapandya@rediffmail.com) : Differentiation of plantlets from callus and subsequent flowering in lily. Indian J Pl Physiol 2003, (Spl Iss Pt 2), 646-50.

Major factor affecting bulblet development in lilium is the ring position from which the bulblet scale originates. True to type lily can be produced in vitro via callus or from bulb scales. Combined results from all treatments involving environmental and endogenous factors clearly demonstrated that scale rings 2 and 3 were the most productive zones for bulblet regeneration and further growth. Dormancy in the bulblet of the lily was reported to develop mainly on the incubation temperature and media composition. Despite the fact that the initiation of callus cultures of monocotyledons was not achieved until substantially after that for dicotyledonous plants, the commercial importance of the former have resulted in a wider application and capability for their commercial propagation in vitro. Study is carried out to investigate the regeneration plantlets from callus culture, proliferation of callus and flowering of lily.

3 i, 2 ts, 14 ref, 1 plate

003291   Pandey H P (Duthie Herbarium, Ethnobotany Cell, Botany Dep, University of Allahabad, Allabahad-211 002, ) : Sandha - a herboprobiotic veterinary elixir. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2006, 5(2), 271-2.

Sandha is a unique blend of traditional herbs and fermentation technology. Rural and tribal people of Gonda, Balrampur, Bahraich and adjoining districts of Terai region of Uttar Pradesh locally prepare it. This veterinary elixir of natural ingredients and probiotics is a proven adaptogenic, comprehensive tonic, systemic and metabolic corrective, which promotes appetite and growth of cattle.

1 table, 6 ref

003290   Nagarajan S M;Myla J;Dhiva S (Botany Dep, A.V.C. College (Autonomous), Mannampandal-609 305) : Antifungal activity of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd) Hook. F & Thomson leaf extracts. Geobios 2006, 33(2-3), 213-14.

^ssc1 table, 6 ref

003289   Mohanty S (Lab of Eco-toxicology, Berhampur University, Berhampur, Orissa) : Impact of cadmium chloride on the morphological parameters and pigment content of the phaseolus seedlings under laboratory controlled conditions.. Res J Chem Envir 2006, 10(1), 58-61.

Toxicological study of a heavy metal Cd on a crop plant Phaseolus mungo, L. revealed that with increasing concentration of CdCl₂ root growth was badly affected in comparison to shoot growth. At 3 ppm of CdCl₂ 28.22% decrease in shoot length was observed whereas at the same concentration there was 55.01% decrease in root length as compared to control. No appreciable effects on plant pigment contents was observed.

4 tables, 17 ref

003288   Methew R;Usha K;Saxena A K (Division of Fruits and Horticultural Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: ushakalidindi@yahoo.co.in) : Influence of vam strains and inorganic fertilizers on soil characteristics and nutrient uptake by grapevine (Vitis vinifera). Indian J Pl Physiol 2003, (Spl Iss Pt 2), 554-9.

Investigations were conducted to assess the effect of VAM on soil pH and nutrient availability under grapevine cultivation. Organic and inorganic fertilisers were applied either with or without VAM strains Glomus mossae, Glomus deserticola and Gigaspora calospora. Composite soil samples, before and after harvest of fruits, were taken and analysed for pH, EC, N, P, K and organic carbon. Application of VAM in grapevines revealed substantial decrease in soil pH from 8.3 to 6.9, and EC from 0.31 to 0.28 and an increase in availability of N, P and K. Further VAM inoculation increased soil organic carbon and organic matter compared to treatments where only chemical fertilizers were used. VAM application thus, influenced the soil physical and chemical properties favorably to improve the availability of nutrients in the soil and further their uptake by grape vines.

1 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref

003287   Mallick D K;Sawhney S (Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, Email: sudhirsawhney@rediffmail.com ) : Interactive effects of delta-irradiation, EMS and GA₃ on growth and flowering of Lens culinaris Medic. Indian J Pl Physiol 2003, (Spl Iss Pt 2), 724-31.

Understanding the nature of interactive effects of diverse exogenous factors experienced by the plant system, distinctly in time and space, on its growth and developmental responses was the motive for this investigation. Mutagenic agents- γ irradiation and ethylemethane sulfonate (EMS) were dispensed through seeds and GA₃ through shoot apices of plants raised from these seeds and exposed to different photoperiods in Lens culinaris Medic. Both γ -rays and EMS significantly reduced germination and seedling survival in four tested lentil cultivars, with 50 kR and 0.20% being their respective lethal doses. In an extended experiment with more responsive cv. PL 639, a combined mutagen treatment at non-lethal dosage resulted in partial summation of their effects. Similar effects were seen in the mutagen-caused reduction of extension growth of plants. GA₃ treatment effectively counteracted to a large extent the severity of stunting caused by the mutagens. However, neither the mutagens nor the gibberellin could significantly alter the number of leaves differentiated. In this qualitative LDP, both γ -rays and EMS significantly delayed the appearance of floral buds and their opening into flowers, reduced their respective numbers as well as elevated the position of first node bearing them, under inductive photoperiods. These effects, generally did not get further strengthened by a combined dispensation of the two mutagens. Unlike in case of extension growth, GA₃ treatment failed to nullify or even partly restore the mutagen-suppressed floral attributes. The influence of individual factors as well as their interactive effects on growth and flowering were diverse and realised in a response-specific manner.

1 illus, 4 tables, 26 ref

003286   Maheshwari R (NO, , , Email: ramesh.maheshwari@gmail.com) : What is an endophytic fungus?. Curr Sci 2006, 90(10), 1309.

15 ref

003285   Kumaresan V;Ganesan T;Rajarajan D;Nirmal Kumar K (Botany Dep, Tagore Arts College, Lawspet, Pondicherry-605 008) : Occurrence of fungal endophytes in Psilotum nudum - a first report. Geobios 2006, 33(2-3), 200-2.

^ssc 1 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

003284   Kumar A;Tewari D D;Tewari J P (Botany Dep, MLK (PG) College, Balrampur-271 201, Email: akhilpbh@rediffmail.com) : Ethnomedicinal knowledge among Tharu tribe of devipatan division. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2006, 5(3), 310-3.

Rich phytogenic diversity and Tharu tribal population characterize Devipatan division situated in Terai belt of Uttar Pradesh. Tharu tribe endowed with vast knowledge of medicinal plants have strong believes in supernatural powers (magicotherapeutic properties) of plants in the treatment or prevention of various ailments. An attempt has been made to document the ethnophytotherapeutics and folk claims.

1 illus, 17 ref

003283   Krishna Prasad J;Qureshi T A;Mastan S A (Department of Applied Aquaculture, Barkatullah University, Bhopal-462 026, Email: jilagam_prasad@yahoo.com) : Fungal flora of certain water bodies of Bhopal (M.P.) India. Biosci Res Bull 2005, 21(2), 67-76.

Two reservoirs namely Kaliasaut and Kerwa have been studied for the occurrence and abundance of fungal flora for a period of one year. A total of twenty species of fungi are recorded from these reservoirs out of which 19 are found in Kaliasautand 20 in Kerwa reservoir. The maximum number of fungi are isolated in winter while minimum in summer months. The fungi isolated are identified as Achlya americana, A. flagellata, A. klebsiana, A. prolifera, Achlya sp. Aphanomyces sp. Allomyces anomalus, Aspergillus sp., Dictyuchus monosporus. D. achlyoides, Pythium aphanidermatum, P. undulatum, P. afertile, Saprolegnia diclina. S. ferax, S. hypogyana, S. parasitica, S. monoica, Saprolegnia sp. and Leptolegnia sp. Seasonal variations in the abundance of these fungi have been observed. Although, the variations in their abundance depend on several physico-chemical parameters of water but the temperature is found to be the governing factor.

1 illus, 2 tables, 39 ref

003282   Kaushik S;Shukla A;Pant R C (Department of Plant Physiology, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, Email: shaibadal@yahoo.com) : Mineral ion complement of healthy and malformed floral tissues of mango (Mangifera indica L.). Indian J Pl Physiol 2003, (Spl Iss Pt 2), 545-50.

Healthy and malformed floral tissues of five common mango cultivars, namely, Amrapali, Bombay Green, Dashehari, Khas-ul-khas and Mallika collected at prior to full bloom and full bloom stages were analyzed for nitrogen content and concentrations of some ions. The differences in nitrogen content and mineral ion concentration between healthy and malformed tissues were non-significant. A consistent pattern was not observed for any of the ions except phosphate, which was higher in malformed tissues. High phosphorus content in malformed tissue may indicate the involvement of ethylene in malformation.

6 tables, 31 ref

003281   Kathiresan K;Boopathy N Sithranga;Kavitha S (Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai-608 502, Email: kathirsum@rediffmail.com) : Coastal vegetation-an underexplored source of anticancer drugs. Nat Prod Radiance 2006, 5(2), 115-19.

Some plants found in coastal region have been discussed as possible source of anticancer drugs, based on traditional uses and preliminary scientific works. Further investigation for various other medicinal properties of coastal vegetation is required to explore these natural resources.

4 illus, 1 table, 25 ref

003280   Kasim W A;Dowidar S (Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt, Email: wedkasim@yahoo.com) : Amino acids and soluble protein of radish seedlings under salt stress as affected by GA3 priming. Indian J Pl Physiol 2006, 11(1), 75-82.

Radish (Raphanus sativas L) seeds soaked for 24 h in 10^-5 M of GA₃ were germinated under 3 concentrations of NaCl (50, 100 and 200mM) and seedlings use harvested after 4, 7 and 9 d. Total soluble proteins decreased significantly with the increase of NaCl during germination except at 50mM, and the values were always higher with GA₃ priming. Proline decreased with NaCl with and without GA₃ priming. Arginine decreased with 50mM NaCl in the unprimed seedlings and increased in 50 and 200mM NaCl in the primed ones. Glutamic acid and histidine increased in 200mM salt stressed seedlings and histidine in 50 and 200mM in the primed ones. Glycine was absent in both controls and began to appear with 50 and 200mM in the primed and only in 200mM NaCl in the unprimed seedlings. Salinity increased the total essential amino acids and the increase was higher with GA₃ while the non-essential amino acids decreased slightly with 50mM NaCl and the decrease was greater with GA₃. The total amino acids accumulated with 200mM NaCl in the unprimed seedlings and the opposite was the case with the primed ones due to the sharp decrease in the non-essential amino acids. GOT activity decreased with the increase of NaCl concentration but began to increase again at 200mM NaCl in the primed and unprimed seedlings; its values were however, always, lower in the primed seedlings than in their unprimed counterparts. GPT activity decreased consistently with salinity and its values were lower on priming with GA₃. The activity of both enzymes increased with germination age. A new protein with MW of <62>97kD was detected in the primed seedlings treated with 200mM Nacl. A protein with MW of about 21.5 kD existed at all Nacl concentrations, increased with salinity, and its accumulation was greater with GA₃ priming.

1 illus, 1 table, 53 ref

003279   Kanwar P;Sharma N;Rekha A (Home Science Extension Education Dep, College of Home Science, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062) : Medicinal plants use in traditional healthcare systems prevalent in western Himalayas. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2006, 5(3), 300-9.

Research work was carried out in six villages of Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh to study application of plants at home scale level in treating various kinds of ailments. The information was documented using questionnaire and PRA techniques with the help of village elders, key informants and local healers. Thirty-one plant species used by the villagers for the treatment of various diseases at home scale level were identified. Twenty plant species were used for curing more than one disease. Three plants, Aloe barbadensis Mill., Asparagus racemosus Roxb. and Tinospora cordifolia Willd. were used against more than five diseases. It was found that elder people had more inclination towards herbal medicine followed by middle and young people. Since the knowledge of various medicinal plants being used in herbal treatment and their method of use is confined to mostly local healers, it is of utmost importance to record this knowledge for future generations, otherwise, it will be lost forever.

4 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

003278   Kandwal M K;Gupta B K (Department of Botany, DAV (P.G.) College, Dehra Dun-248 001) : Occurrence of Zoysia pacifica (Gouds.) Hotta & Kuroki in Uttaranchal. Ann For 2006, 14(1), 92-4.

^ssc4 ref

003277   Kakralya B L;Baberwal M L;Singh K (NO, Rajasthan Agricultural University, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner-303 329) : Seed invigoration of wheat genotypes trough application of plant growth regulators. Indian J Pl Physiol 2003, (Spl Iss Pt 2), 693-7.

Experiment on Jobner 666, Jobner 673, C 306 and Rajasthan 3077 genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was conducted to evaluate the relative efficacy of conventional and modern methods of chemical seed invigoration using synthetic plant growth regulators (PGRs). It was observed that benzyl adenine (BA) and ethaphon (ETH) favourably modulated seed germination, seedling growth and vigour parameters when applied through conventional method (aqueous seed soaking for 6 hours at 25 ± 2°C) and modern method (dry permeation of PGRs through organic solvents like acetone and benzene). Infusion of BA and ETH through benzene or acetone in seeds proved convenient, easier and more effective than aqueous seed soaking (with PGRs) treatment for invigorating the seeds in terms of germination (%), seedling growth and vigour.

2 tables, 13 ref

003276   Johri B N (Dept of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Center, Barkatullah University, Bhopal-462 026, Email: bhavdishnjohri@rediffmail.com) : Endophytes to the rescue of plants. Curr Sci 2006, 90(10), 1315-16.

15 ref

003275   John Kennedy S M (NO, St Xavier's College, Palayamkottai-627 002, Email: kennedy-john@mailicity.com) : Commercial non-timber forest products collected by the tribal in the Palni hills. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2006, 5(2), 212-6.

Documents the commercial Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), collected and marketed by the tribals in the Palni hills. Commercial non-timber forest products are those that are leased out by the Forest Department and the tribals are involved in the collection and sale of these products. The tribals in the Palni hills are collecting a total of 30 products as commercial non-timber forest products.

13 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

003274   Jeyaramraja P R;Balasaravanan T;Raj Kumar R; Pius P K (Division of Plant Physiology, Upasi Tea Research Foundation, Nirar Dam BPO, Valparai-642 127, Email: weganr@rediffmail.com ) : Prognosis of productivity of tea plants using physiological parameters. Indian J Pl Physiol 2003, (Spl Iss Pt 2), 743-8.

Physiological parameters such as photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, carboxylation efficiency, water use efficiency, chlorophyll fluorescence index and chlorophyll content were measured besides the bush yield in ten elite UPASI released tea cultivars. These parameters were regressed individually with yield and they exhibited significant positive correlations. Using the reliable physiological parameters measured in UPASI clones as independent variables, bush yield as dependent variable, a multiple regression equation was derived to predict the yield of an individual bush in the existing population. The multiple regression model was checked for its validity with 94 heterozygous seedling population and thereafter it has been used to screen for high yielding bushes from seedling tea bushes of unknown provenance, selected from commercial tea estates.

1 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref