004772   Vijay Kumar;Sachan P;Nigam G;Singh P K (NO, Bundelkhand Univ, Campus, Jhansi) : Some ethnomedicinal plants of Chitrakoot district (U.P). Biozone 2010, 2(1-2), 270-83.

Deals with some ethnomedicinal plants used by Kol tribe of Chitrakoot District during the years-2008-09 and collected 63 plant species belonging to 58 genera and 37 familes. These plants are used by the Kol tribe for the treatments of various diseases like abortion, cholic pain, asthma, boils, blisters, ulcers, bone fracture, cough, cold, diarrhea, dysentery, jaundice, fever, snake bite, scorpion sting, spermatorrhoea and diabetes.

8 ref

004771   Verma J P;Yadav J;Tiwari K N (Botany Dep, MMV, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005) : Stimulation of nodulation and plant growth of chickpea by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Rhizobium leguminosarum. Biozone 2010, 2(1-2), 319-23.

Pot experiment was conducted to promote nodulation and plant growth of chickpea by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain BHUPSB10 and Rhizobium leguminosarum strain BHURC04 at Lysimeter, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. A positive result of P. aeruginosa strain BHUPSB10 and R. legwninosantm strain BHURC01 on nodulation, plant biomass, shoot and root length, and yield related parameters were recorded. The maximum significant increase in nodule number, dry weight of nodule, dry weight of root and shoot, length of root and shoot, and also increase in grain and straw yield were recorded in co-inoculation of P. aeruginosa and R leguminosarum followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa over unmodulated control in pot experiment. The P. aeruginosa and JR. leguminosarum have been shown more significant increase in all parameters due to more symbiotic nitrogen fixation by R. leguminosarum strain and more phosphate solubilization by P. aeruginosa strain. Hence, co-inoculation of R. leguminosarum strain BHURC04 and P. aeruginosa strain BHUPSB10 may be appropriate synergistic combination for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production.

2 tables, 7 ref

004770   Upadhyay S T;Upadhyay R (Botany Dep, Govt. Narmada P.G. College, Hoshangabad, (M.P)) : Aquatic mcrophytes of river Narmada at Hoshangabad. Biozone 2010, 2(1-2), 254-7.

River water has been large scale dumping ground. Whether it is domestic waste or industrial effluents, directly the water source has been the way out. Every part of the country can witness instances of human interference in aquatic ecosystems and also may come across some undisturbed habitats. This paper reports comparative study of distribution of Macrophytes of river Narmada at Hoshangabad. Aquatic macrophytes re aquatic photosynthetic organisms, large enough to see with the naked eye, that actively grow permanently or periodically submerged below, floating on, or growing up through the water surface. And variation in istribution of the species of Macrophytes in disturbed (southern bank) and undisturbed sites (Northern bank) was observed. It was observed that Potamogeton pectinatus, P. crispus, P. nodosus, Hydrilla erticillata, Ceratophyllum sps. were found through out the river. But in undisturbed sites Vallesnaria spiralis, Ipomoea aquatica and Aponogeton sps, dominated. While in polluted sites where domestic sewages discharged their effluents showed the dominance of Sagittaria humilis, Cyperus alopecuroides, Potamogeton pectinatus, Marselia minuta, Utricullaria hamiltoni and Polygonum sps were quite common.

2 tables, 5 ref

004769   Thara S;Kingsley S;Revathi N (Entomology Research Instittue, Loyola College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu) : Impact of neem derivatives on egg hatchability of okra fruit borer, Earias vittella Fab. (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae). Int J Pl Prot 2009, 2(1), 95-7.

Bioefficacy of neem derivatives such as neem oil and neem cake extract at different concentrations along with endosulfan were evaluated for their effect on the egg hatchability of Earias vittella, under laboratory conditions. All the test solutions to some extent reduced the hatchability. Maximum suppression of hatchability was observed in neem oil. Hatchability was reduced notably with an increase in the concentration of the test derivatives. The age of treated larvae played a significant role on the hatchability of egg.

1 tables, 13 ref

004768   Tawari R A;Khare A K;Khare A (NO, Govt. Naveen Girls College, Raipur, Chhatesh Garh-492 001, Email: dr.roopshikha@gmail.com) : Some foliicolous fungus of forest plants of Mandla region. Biozone 2010, 2(1-2), 227-31.

Forests are the lungs of our earth. Without forest mankind (living beings) cannot survive. In spite of that there are several direct indirect advantages from forest the forest plants have been at the disposal of these causing serious diseases, some times even leading to death of plant these fungi interfere in plant natural metabolism such as photosynthesis respiration, translocation of organic substance and bring out quantitative derangement in living tissue of the host in various ways, resulting premature defoliation of leaves. As such the productivity of host in various ways, resulting premature defoliation of leaves. As such the productivity of host plant substantially reduced. The main objective of this study is to find out the bad effect of foliicolous fungi on growth and development of timber wood and medicinal plant. This study also suggests the alternative strategy to control this fungus in forest areas so that we can improve and maintain the quality and quantity of our forest, We would also suggest that we should develop the high resistant variety of plants and cultivate them in all the forest areas. This process repeat twice or thrice in a year along with the manual control eradication of this fungi. Ultimately we will gain the healthy forest periodically.

1 illus, 1 table, 3 ref

004767   Srivastava S;Singh A K (Botany Dep, Harish Chandra Post Graduate College, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, Email: sanjayhcpgc@rediffmail.com) : Changes in catalase activity and total protein content in urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] plants as a result of ULCV infection. Indian J scient Res 0000, 1(2), 67-9.

Urdbean leaf crinkle virus (ULCV) is responsible for causing one of the most devastating and important disease of urdbean or black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]. The disease is characterized by severe crinkling, puckering and rugosity of the leaves associated with significant reduction in yield. Effect of virus infection on protein content and catalase activity was studied in two cultivars of urdbean, viz. T-9 and IPU 94-1 'Uttara'. A remarkable increase in protein content due to virus infection was observed in both the cultivars of urdbean. Decreased catalase activity was detected in ULCV infected leaves over the control.

004766   Singh R S;Yadav J B;Singh H P;Singh A K (Entomology Dep, C.S. Azad Agriculture and Technology Univ, Kanpur) : Pupulation dynamics of chrysomelid beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata ballister and its role in management of congress grass, Parthenium hysterophorus L.. Int J Pl Prot 2009, 2(1), 77-81.

For management of Parthenium weed a study was undertaken to know the population dynamics of Zygogramma and its role in management of congress grass. The highest number of Zygogramma biclorata were observed in month of May and August in year 2005 and 2006. Temperature, relative humidity and rainfall showed significant positive, whereas maximum temperature showed significant negative influence on grub and adult activity of this insect. Biocontrol efficacy of this predator was tested with ten treatments in caged pots which comprised of release of 1 adult/plant (T₁), 2 adult/plant (T₂), 3 adult/plant (T₃), 4 adult/plant (T₄, 5 adult/plant (T₅), 6 adult/plant (T₆, 7 adult/plant (T₇), 8 adult/ plant (T₈) and 9 adult/plant (T₉) and 0 adult/plant i.e control (T₁₀). The studies indicated that the release of Zygogramma 9 adult/plant (T9) effectively reduced the no. of leaves (2.66), number of flowers (85,3) and plant height(39.36 cm) after 15 days of release of Zygogramma biclorata and plant showed, bushy appearance and stunted growth.

2 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref

004765   Singh N B;Mukesh Kumar;Singh C;Sanjay Kumar (Botany Dep, Allahabad Univ, Uttar Pradesh-211 002, Email: nbsingh_dr@yahoo.co.in) : Effects of water stress on Parthenium hysterophorus L.. Biozone 2010, 2(1-2), 284-93.

The study investigates the effect of water stress on Parthenium plants growing in dry and moist habitat. Water deficit altered the biophysical and biochemical parameters. Water stress decreased the number of leaves per plant and shoot length. Definite ratio of root and shoot in control plants was significantly altered in stress treatments. Plants in 7d stress in multiple cycles of stress exhibited maximum root length. Severe stress (7DS) decreased the shoot growth which resulted in increased root length. The pigments, viz. chlorophylls and carotenoids, protein and activities of antioxidants, viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT) were assayed. Mild stress increased the amount of chlorophyll but stress decreased the amount to the lower level. Carotenoids exhibited significant increase in stress treatments. The activities of SOD, POX, successively increased in stress treatments with maximum in severe stress. CAT activity was maximum in mild stress. The biophysical and biochemical changes help weed to adapt in dried environment. Due to physiological plasticity the weed survives in different environmental condition and habitat.

4 tables, 44 ref

004764   Siddiqui K A (Botany Dep, K.N. Govt. P.O. College, Gyanpur, Sant Ravidas Nagar, Bhadohi, Uttar Pradesh, Email: kasbotany@gmail.com) : Physico-chemical properties and floristic composition of salt affected habitats of S.R.N. Bhadohi. Indian J scient Res 0000, 1(2), 107-9.

The three salt affected habitats near Sant Ravidas Nagar Bhadohi were characterized by a grass-dominated sparse vegetation with extensive deposition of salt during major part of the year. Species diversity was maximum during the rainy season, which undergoes simplification through elimination subsequent to increasing soil moisture stress. Low organic Matter, low nitrogen content, high pH and high ECe is characteristic feature of the soil. During rainy season decomposition and mineralization of organic matter were rapid which result in to high nitrogen content in the soil.

004763   Sharma R;Kumar B S V (Biosciences Dep, Sri Sathya Sai Univ, Prasanthi Nilayam, Puttaparthi, Anantapur Dist. Andhra Pradesh, Email: robinsharma@sssu.edu.in) : New species of hyphomycete associated with Cymbopogan citratus leaf litter from Vengalammacheruvu forest area, Puttaparthi mandal, Anantapur Dist., A.P.. Biozone 2010, 2(1-2), 244-7.

A new species of hyphomycete, Drechslera prasanthiiensis sp. nov., was isolated from the leaf litter of Cymbopogan citratus from the semi-arid, Vengalammacheruvu forest area of Puttaparthi mandal, Anantapur dist., A.P., This paper endeavours to describe the taxonomy of this new species.

1 illus, 6 ref

004762   Senthil Kumar S;Sathish S S;John J;Kamaraj M (P.G. & Research, Botany Dep, Jamal Mohammed College, Tiruchirappalli-620 020) : Efficiency of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju) on degradation of different agro wastes. J Ecobiol 2009, 25(4), 337-41.

The potentiality of Pleurotus sajor-caju, an edible oyster mushroom on degradation of a variety of cellulose rich agrowaste was evaluated. Five different substrates were tested viz. paddy straw, tapioca tuber peel, Eichhomia leaves, groundnut pod shell and sugarcane bagasse. Since this mushroom posses the digestible enzymes complex namely exoglucanases, endoglucanases and β-glucosidases, it can degrade cellulose efficiently in the cell wall of the different substrates along with an increased biomass of protein suitable for human consumption. The yield is measured in terms of number of bunches and the weight of the fruit bodies. The high yield is however observed in the paddy straw (21 bunches/pocket,750 g fruit bodies/bunch ). Next to paddy straw, the result was appreciable in the substrate of groundnut pod shell (9 bunches/pocket, 320 g fruit bodies/pocket). Other substrates did not show any significant growth as well as yield. In the present investigation, it was concluded that the oyster mushroom have all the potential of degrading of cellulosic rich agro waste in a short period of time with less man power.

3 illus, 18 ref

004761   Sengar R M S;Bhadauria S;Sharma P (Botany Dep, Agra College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, Email: rudra_sengar@rediffmail.com) : Effect of cyanobacterial toxin on seed germination. Indian J scient Res 0000, 1(2), 41-5.

The world-wide occurrence of harmful cyanobacterial blooms CyanoHAB in fresh and brackish waters create problems for all life forms. During CyanoHAB events, toxic cyanobacteria produce cyanotoxins at high level under stress conditions that can cause chronic and sub-chronic toxicities to animals, plants and humans. Cyanotoxicity in eukaryotes has been mainly focused on animals, but during recent years, data, related to cyanotoxin impact on both aquatic and terrestrial crop plants irrigated by water containing these toxins have become more and more available. This last cited fact is gaining importance since plants could in a direct or indirect manner contribute to cyanotoxin transfer through the food chain, and thus constitute a potent health risk source. The use of this contaminated irrigation water can also have an economical impact which appears by a reduction of the germination rate of seeds, and alteration of the quality and productivity of crop plants. The main objective of present investigations is to discuss the eventual phytotoxicity of cyanotoxin as the major agricultural impacts induced by the use of contaminated water for plant irrigation. Thus cyanobacterial phytotoxicity strongly suggests a need for the surveillance of CyanoHAB and the monitoring of water irrigation quality. Therefore it is advisable to farmers that they should not use such water bodies for irrigation without prior examination.

004760   Sachan P;Kumar V;Nigam G;Singh P K (Botany Dep, Bundelkhand Univ, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh) : Weed flora of rabi crops of Banda. Biozone 2010, 2(1-2), 258-64.

Banda is an important district of Bundelkhand region of U.P. The major Rabi crops of Banda district are wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.). Barley (Hordeum vulgar Linn.), Mustard (Brassica campestris Linn.). Sesame (Sesamum indicum Linn.). Gram (Cicer arietinum Linn.), Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik), Coriander (Conundrum sativum Linn.), Linseed (Linum mitatissium Linn.). A survey was made to find out the weed flora associated with Rabi crops of this area. According to the results of surveys total 99 weed species belonging to 77 genera and 32 families were recorded. The botanical name, families, flowering and fruiting period of each species is provided.

1 table, 6 ref

004759   Ram R C;Pandey V N;Singh H B (Mycology and Plant Pathology Dep, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu Univ, Uttar Pradesh, Email: rcrbhumpp@yahoo.com) : Morphological characterization of edible fleshy fungi from different forest regions. Indian J scient Res 0000, 1(2), 33-5.

Several edible fleshy fungi grow wild in Eastern Uttar Pradesh forest during the rainy season on dead and decaying plant or animal remains. Local tribes collect a number of mushrooms and eat during rainy season. The traditional identification knowledge among the tribes are followed from generation to generation. The bio-diversity in the mushrooms is least documented in India. The germ plasm collection of such mushrooms is very poor. These fleshy fungi are obviously nontoxic as these have been intimate human consumption since antiquity. However there are only few species of fleshy fungi which have been accepted as safe food by the civilized world, while many fleshy fungi have not yet recognized. Field survey was conducted for collection of various edible fleshy fungi from different localities of the Eastern Uttar Pradesh forest. The collected edible fleshy fungi were studied for their macroscopic detail partening the habit, habitat, morphology and other phenotypic parameter noted in fresh form.

004758   Raia H S;Khan K K (Botany Dep, S.N.P.G. College, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Email: harishanker1950@yahoo.in) : Effect of industrial effluent on seed germination and seedling growth of Hordeum vulgare L. (Barley). Indian J scient Res 0000, 1(2), 87-9.

The investigation reveals the pollution effect on Hordeum vulgare Barley, a rabi crop plant widely cultivated in India. It is either grown pure or a mixed crops. Its sowing place between October and December and harvesting betwen February and April. The investigation has been focused on primarily on seed germination and seedling growth of Barley under the different concentration of effluent produced by industrial area of India, situated at Satharia, Jaunpur (U.P.). The chemical composition of effluents contains higher concentration of organic matter (54% dry weight), N(2.5%), P(686.2 mg/Kg), K(198.2 mg/kg) and heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn) are found in the effluents.

004757   Raghuwanshi R;Upadhyay R S (Botany Dep, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi, Email: richabhu@yahoo.co.in) : Population dynamics of microflora in asaline-alkaline habitat. Biozone 2010, 2(1-2), 218-22.

A study conducted on microbiai status of saline-alkali soil showed that it was qualitatively as well as quantitatively poor as compared to the garden soil and showed seasonal variation in microbiai population. The microbiai count was recorded highest in rainy season and lowest in summer. The site was dominated by bacteria.

1 illus, 1 table, 5 ref

004756   Priya Rani M;Venkatesan J;Binilraj S S; Sasidharan I;Padmakumari Amma K P (Agro Processing and Natural Products Div, National Insitute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR), Thiruvananthapuram-695 019, Email: kppad@yahoo.co.in) : Antioxidant and cutotoxic potential of acetone and methanolic extracts of fresh and dry barks of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Verum : in vitro study. J Cell Tissue Res 2010, 10(1), 2131-8.

In the study, acetone and methanol extracts of fresh and dry bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum verum, were studied for their antioxidant activity viz, DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities. Experiments were also conducted to evaluate the total phenolic content, the metal dictation capacity and the reducing power of extracts. The lipid peroxidation capacity of extracts was recorded using a linoleic acid emulsion system, which showed excellent results. Cytotoxic potential of extracts was evaluated using MCF 7 cells. Methanol extract of dry bark showed the highest antioxidant and cytotoxic potential.

7 illus, 25 ref

004755   Pillai K G;Krishnamoorthy A;Visalakshy P N G (Entomology and Nematology Div, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake Post, Bangalore-560 0589, Email: pillaig@iihr.ernet.in) : First report of hyperparasitoids of Anagyrus dactylopii (Howard) from India. J biol Control 2009, 23(2), 193-4.

Two hyperparasitoids, Prochiloneurus aegyptiacus (Mercet) and P. testaceus (Agarwal), were recorded for the first time on Anagyrus dactylopii (Howard), a primary parasitoid of pink mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) infesting grapes at Bangalore, India. Hyperparasitism to the tune of 11% exerted by them could be detrimental to the primary parasitoid in countering the rate of increase of M. hirutus in vineyards.

12 ref

004754   Phool Chand;Rai D;Singh S N (Plant Pathology Dep, Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Muzaffarpur, Bihar) : In vitro evaluation of different fungicides on the mycelial growth and sclerotia production of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Int J Pl Prot 2009, 2(1), 27-8.

In vitro effect of two systemic fungicides viz., carbendazim and metalaxyl at different concentrations (25,50 and lOOmg/ml) and three non-systemic viz. captaf, mancozeb and copper oxychloride at different concentrations (100,250 and 500 nig/ml) were evaluated against mycelial growth and sclerotia production of Sclerotinia salerotiorum causing stem rot in mustard. Among all the five fungicides carbendazim was observed to compactly (100%) inhibit the mycelial growth and sclerotial production of the fungus.

1 table, 8 ref

004753   Philip T;Qadri S M H (NO, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Srirampuram, Mysore, Karnataka) : Seasonal incidence of leaf webber, Diaphania pulverulentalis Hamps. on mulberry in Kerala. Int J Pl Prot 2009, 2(1), 24-6.

A survey on the incidence of leaf webber, Diaphania pulverulentalis in Ernakulam and Trichur, the two major sericultural districts of Kerala was carried out. The survey was conducted at weekly intervals by the fixed plot method for three years (2002-2004). Generally, the infestation increases from June onwards and decreased from January. Maximum infestation was observed during the winter months. There was a gradual increased in the incidence of leaf webber year after year in all the villages in these districts. The average incidence was 2.2,5.3 and 12.7, respectively during 2002,2003 and 2004.

2 illus, 1 tables, 5 ref

004752   Patil Y;Soman G;Shiney P;Wagle A (KET'S Scientifie Research Centre, V.G. Vaze College Campus, Mithagar Road, Mulund (E), Mumbai-400 081) : Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity of herbage of aromatic plants. J Cell Tissue Res 2010, 10(1), 2125-9.

Natural antioxidants play an Important role in cosmetic formulations especially for protection of the skin against the harmful effect of sun. Most of the cosmetic products use synthetic antioxidants. The present study was undertaken to identify natural antioxidants from the herbage of three aromatic plant byproducts namely Vetiver zizanioides Grass, Ailanthus malabarica and Schinus terebinthifolius leaves. Methanolic and methanolic-water extracts were examined by free radical scavenging and superoxide radical scavenging assays. The results showed that all the extracts exhibited free radical scavenging activity maximum being of Ailanthus and Schinus leaves (IC₅₀ 5ug/ml) a value lower than the positive control namely α-tocopherol (IC₅₀ 12 μg/ml). The superoxide radical scavenging activity was higher with methanolic-water extract of Schinus leaves which exhibited 74% inhibition at a concentration of 50 μg/ml. Based on the study the extracts of Ailanthus and Schinus leaves show potential to be used in sun protection and antiaging cosmetic formulations.

5 illus, 12 ref

004751   Patil M B;Pillai S G (P.G. Botany Dep, Shri Shivaji College, Parbhani, Maharashtra, Email: raipatil_pbn@yahoo.co.in) : Epidemiology of rust disease of groundnut. Biozone 2010, 2(1-2), 223-6.

Aerobiological investigations were carried out for one season over Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) field to assess the dispersal of the pathogen Puccinia arachidis causing rust disease. Highest spore concentration was found in 9th week while onset of first symptom of disease was found in 12th week of the sampling. The period between the first incidence of pathogen and first incidence of disease was affected by the meteorological factors like temperature and Humidity. The age of the plant also determines the susceptibility of the plant.

1 illus, 2 tables, 3 ref

004750   Patil C U;Zape A S;Wathore S D (Plant Pathology Dep, Agriculture College, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vdiyapeeth, Akola, (M.S.)) : Efficacy of fungicides and bioagents against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing blight in Piper longum. Int J Pl Prot 2009, 2(1), 63-6.

Among chemicals, mancozeb + carbendazim (0.2%) was found most effective in inhibiting 96.26 per cent growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides followed by carbendazim (0.1%) 68.34 per cent, mancozeb (0.25%) 67.51 per cent and copper oxychloride (0.3%) 64.88 per cent. Among the bioagents, Trichoderma viride was found effective with 70.42 per cent growth inhibition. In field experiment, spraying of mancozeb + carbendazim (0.2%) was found effective with 33.38 percent disease control followed by carbendazim (0.1%), copper oxychloride (0.3%) and Trichoderma viride (6 x 10⁷ CFU/ml) 30.95,30.10 and 2P.46 per cent disease control.

3 tables, 14 ref

004749   Patel P (NO, Fruit Research Station, Navasari Agricultural Univ, Gandevi, Navsari, Gujarat) : Chemical control of Sigatoka leaf spot (Mycosphaerella musicola) of banana. Int J Pl Prot 2009, 2(1), 98-100.

A field experiment was conducted during two years to find out the effectiveness of different chemical fungicides against sigatoka leaf spot (Mycosphaerella musicola) disease of banana. Among all the treatments tested, four sprays of any one of the fungicides at monthly interval starting after six months of planting gave effective and economical control i.e. Carbendazim @1.0g/l or Tridemorph @0.7 ml/1 or Propiconazole @1.0 ml/1 or Thiophanate methyl @1.0 g/L.

3 tables, 6 ref

004748   Patearia N;Verma A (Botany Dep, Govt. Auto Girls P.G. College of Excellence, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh) : Reassessment of family caesalpiniaceae in Sagar district with special reference to ethnomedicinal importance. Biozone 2010, 2(1-2), 248-53.

The importance of medicinal plants in traditional health care practices, providing clues to new areas of research and in biodiversity conservation is now well recognized. However, information on the uses of plants for medicine is lacking from interior areas of Bundelkhand region. Keeping this view in mind the present study was initiated in villages of Sagar district. The study aimed to look into the importance of the family Caesalpiniaceae in ethnomedicinal field. Most of the species of this family are used by local tribes of Sagar district for curing various ailments. Questionnaire surveys, participatory observations and field visits were planned to elicit information on the uses of various plants. Information collected has revealed 17 plant species out of which 16 are used for treatment of various day-to-day diseases. Among them there were 2 climbers, 4 shrubs, 5 herbs and 6 trees. More or less, a single species was used to cure more than one disease but comparatively less number of plants were used to cure only a single disease. Normally whole plant parts were used in curing some or the other disease. Also, most of the species of Caesalpiniaceae were ethnomedicinally important and abundantaly present in nature. In the present study, it was reported that B. variegata, C. flstula, C. tora, C. occidentalis, Delonixregia, Tamarindus indica, etc were used as a remedy for human ailments in the study area.

10 ref

004747   Parvathy S;Sri Vaishnavy S (Botany Dep, Avinashilingam Women Univ, Coimbatore-641 043) : Effect of biogas slurry on growth and biomass production of Sorghum vulgare and Oryza sativa. J Ecotoxic envir Monit 2009, 19(4), 339-42.

A pot culture experiment was undertaken to assess the effect of biogas slurry on growth, biochemical parameters and biomass production of sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) and rice (Oryza sativa). The biogas slurry treated plants showed increased plant height (72 & 66 cm),fresh weight (27 & 22 g),dry weight (6.1 & 5.3 g),lcaf area (65 & 25 sq.cm.),turgid weight (29.2 & 22.2 g),relative water content (99.1 & 99.0 g), chlorophyll (0.7& 0.6 mg/g), carotenoid {6.5 &4.4 mg/g), protein (24.6 & 21.5 mg/g), sugar (2.1 & 1,8 mg/g) and starch (6.0& 4.4 mg/g), respectively on the 35th day when compared to the control.

3 tables, 5 ref

004746   Pandey A K;Kanaujia K R (NO, C.H.F.A., Hill Campus, Ranichauri, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand) : Effect of different fungicides on growth, sporulation and germination of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin. Int J Pl Prot 2009, 2(1), 4-7.

An experiment was carried out to study the effect of different fungicides i.e. wanis, propiconazole, kitazin, validamycin, triadimefan and bitertenol on sporulation, germination of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin. There were eight concentrations i.e. 5000,2500,1000,500,300,200,150 and 100 ppm of each test fungicide which were replicated thrice. It was found that all the test fungicides reduced the growth, sporulation and germination compared to control. Among the test fungicides, wanis (botanical extract) was found to be compatible with K. bassiana on the basis of spore germination while higher linear growth and sporulation was recorded in validamycine treated media. Fungicides propiconazole was proved to be highly detrimental for Beauveria bassiana.

3 tables, 8 ref

004745   Niklas K J (Plant Biology Dep, Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA) : Functional adaptation and phenotypic plasticity at the cellular and whole plant level. J Biosci, Bangalore 2009, 34(4), 613-20.

The ability to adaptively alter morphological, anatomical, or physiological functional traits to local environmental variations using ' external environmental cues is especially well expressed by all terrestrial and most aquatic plants. A ubiquitous cue eliciting these plastic phenotypic responses is mechanical perturbation (MP), which can evoke dramatic differences in the size, shape, or mechanical properties of conspecifics. Current thinking posits that MP is part of a very ancient "stress-perception response system" that involves receptors located at the cell membrane/cell wall interface capable of responding to a broad spectrum of stress-inducing factors. This hypothesis is explored here from the perspective of cell wall evolution and the control of cell wall architecture by unicellular and multicellular plants. Among the conclusions that emerge from this exploration is the perspective that the plant cell is phenotypically plastic.

1 illus, 66 ref

004744   Misra T;Dixit J;Singh S (Botany Dep, Agra College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, Email: tanuja.agra@gmail.com) : Effect of some co-existing moulds on aflatoxin production in wheat grains under competitive environment. Indian J scient Res 0000, 1(2), 75-7.

The effect of co-existing mycoflora with Aspergillus flavus was observed on wheat grains for its influence on aflatoxin B₁ and G₁ production. All 17 types of associations of different fungal species inhibited aflatoxin B₁ production at different levels (48.21-90.23%). Among the screened co-existing moulds, the minimum inhibition in aflatoxin B₁ production was caused by A. japonicus and the maximum inhibition was caused by Penicillium citrinum (90.23% and Trichoderma viride (90.15%). However, aflatoxin G₁ production was completely inhibited by Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, Candida albicans, Chaetomium globosum, Penicillium citrinum, Trichoderma viride and a toxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus. These results suggest the potential of co-existing moulds in biological control against pre and post harvest aflatoxin contamination of agricultural commodities.

004743   Maya P V;Ganesan P (P G Research Botany Dep, Vivekanandha College of Arts and Science for Women, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu) : Preliminary study of the impact of two diverse environments on morphology and biochemistry of selected pulses. J Ecobiol 2009, 25(3), 283-6.

Effect of two diverse environments [Pathanamthitta, Kerala & Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu] on morphology and biochemistry selected pulses (Bengal gram, Green gram, Black gram, Cow pea, Horse gram and Red gram) were studied. The selected places are in different environmental conditions, one in evergreen forest ecosystem and the other is dry land agroecosystem. It is understood that ecological condition in Kerala is favourable for pulses crop vegetative growth and the dryland habitat of Namakkal is suitable for high quality dry season pulse production. Further, it is inferred that Tiruchengode area is better for pulse crop cultivation.

3 illus, 10 ref

004742   Khurana S;Abu Baker M B;Siddiqi O (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore-560 065, Email: osiddiqi@ncbs.res.in) : Odour avoidance learning in the larva of Drosophila melanogaster. J Biosci, Bangalore 2009, 34(4), 621-31.

Drosophila larvae can be trained to avoid odours associated with electric shock. We describe here, an improved Tnethod of aversive conditioning and a procedure for decomposing learning retention curve that enables us to do a quantitative analysis of memory phases, short term (STM), middle term (MTM) and long term (LTM) as a function of training cycles. The same method of analysis when applied to learning mutants dunce, amnesiac, rutabaga and radish reveals memory deficits characteristic of the mutant strains.

10 illus, 2 tables, 27 ref

004741   Kharkwal G;Rawat Y S;Pangtey Y S (Botany Dep, Kumaun Univ, DSB Campus, Nainital-263 002, Email: geetakh@gmail.com) : Phyto sociological attributes of herbaceous flora in sub-tropical forest, central Himalaya. J Ecobiol 2009, 25(4), 355-62.

Phytosociological analysis, diversity and composition of herb species in different forest sites viz. chir-pine (Pinus roxburghii Sarg.), banj oak (Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus), tilonj oak (Quercus floribunda Rehder) and kharsu oak (Quercus semecarpifolia Smith) were evaluated between 1580-2600 m asl elevation in Central Himalaya. A total of 111 herb species were encountered belonging to 87 genera and 36 families. The total number of species was found to be higher in S3 site (chir-pine forest) than the other sites. Asteraceae and Lamiaceae were found to be the dominant families in all the forest sites. Simpson index was higher in S1 site as compared to other sites indicating that few species were dominant thus showed lower stability. Low evenness/equitability value in S1 site indicated that some species have high abundance as compared to other species; whereas high evenness in S7 site indicates that more than one species have similar abundance. Prominence value helped in understanding the ecological significance of the species in their respective forest sites. Though climatic variation and uniform rainfall has resulted in moderate levels of species richness in these forest sites among them, some species are economically important yet affected through human disturbances and overexploitations. Therefore, it may be concluded that this region is still rich in herbaceous flora, even after having great disturbance in its natural structure.

2 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

004740   Kaul V;Koul A K (Botany Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu-180 006) : Sex expression and breeding strategy in Commelina benghalensis L.. J Biosci, Bangalore 2009, 34(6), 977-90.

Describes the results of a series of experiments conducted to unravel the patterns of sex expression and reproductive output in a fascinating species with high variation in sexuality. Commelina benghalensis L., an andromonoecious rainy season weed, bears male and bisexual flowers in axillary spathes of all the plants investigated. Bisexual flowers are of two types; chasmogamous (CH) and cleistogamous (CL). The former are borne on subaerial and the latter on subterranean shoots, in addition to those on aerial spathes. Three populations of the species, designated JU1, JU2 and JUS, were scanned for three consecutive years from 1996 to 1998, and the number and distribution of male, CH and CL flowers per plant were found to vary. The mere number of CH/CL flowers per plant is by itself not an accurate measure of mixed mating. It is necessary to confirm that CH flowers actually outcross and, if they do so, to what extent. Comparison of the pollen/ovule (P/O) ratio and percentage pollen germination on the stigmas of the CH and CL flowers have been used as indices of the pollination system. Confirmation of this was sought from the fruit and seed sets obtained after manual pollination of emasculated flowers with self- and cross-pollen. Results so obtained were compared with those of natural pollination. In the majority of CH flowers, the male and female reproductive phases (i.e. anther dehiscence and stigma receptivity) overlap, providing for self-pollination. However, two exceptions to this general behaviour were found in some plants of all the three populations. In some CH flowers, the female phase matures prior to anther dehiscence while in others, the anthers are sterile. Such plants, designated as variants 1 and 2, respectively, facilitate cross-pollination. While the CL flowers contribute to the production of selfed progeny, the variants of CH ones permit formation of outcrossed progeny, indicating a mixed mating strategy in C. benghalensis.

12 illus, 5 tables, 56 ref

004739   Katiyar D;Lall A M;Singh B (Biochemistry and Bioprocess Technology Dep, S.H.I, of Ag. Tech. and Sci., Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Email: depmala.katiyar@gmail.com) : Effect of phosphate on growth of diatoms. Indian J scient Res 0000, 1(2), 103-6.

Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) are microscopic unicellular algae found in every aquatic habitat and contribute a large percentage of global carbon budgets through photosynthesis. A study was conducted to assess the effect of phosphate concentration on diatom growth. The freshwater diatoms were cultured in modified SAG media supplemented with different concentration (0.01 mM to 0.07 mM) of K₂HPO₄ as phosphate source and incubated at 20.0 ± 2.0°C and 4000 ± 10 lux (=lumem/m²) cool white bulb with 16 h of light and 8 h of darkness. The external supplement of K₂HPO₄ caused the phosphorus availability to be key factor in cell-division rate with increasing concentration of phosphate in medium. In this present study, it was found that Growth responses of diatoms showed gradual increase in the growth at 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 mM and gets maximum at 0.05 mM concentration of K₂HPO₄ whereas diatom growth was declined when concentration increases more than 0.05 mM.

004738   Karuna Chld;Bapuji M;Rath C C;Murthy Y L N (NO, D.L.R. College for P.G. Courses, G. Mamidada, East Godavari District-533 344) : Isolation of mangrove fungi from Godavari and Krishna deltas of Andhra Pradesh, India. J Ecobiol 2009, 24(1), 91-6.

Thirty fungi belonging to 10 different genera were isolated from Godavari and Krishna delta mangroves. Aspergiltus, 30%, Penicillium 20%, Curvularia sp. and Drechslera sp.10% each. Fusamim, Altemaria, Cladosporium, Nigrospora, Trichoderma and Alleschriella together account for 20% of the fungi isolated 10% of the isolates were unidentified. Aspergillus, Penitillium, Curvularia and Drechslera were isolated from both Godavan and Krishna deltas, but Nigrospora, Fusarium and Alleschriella were isolated only from Krishna delta.

3 tables, 10 ref

004737   Kadam R M;Allapure R B (Botany Dep, Mahatma Gandhi Mahavidyalaya, Ahmedpur, Latur) : Studies on antifungal properties of essential oil of Semecarpus anacardium against seed mycoflora. Int J Pl Prot 2009, 2(1), 126-7.

In the studies evaluation of essential oil from Semecarpus anacardlum was used for seed treatment which showed maximum efficacy against seed mycoflora. 3% extract was found to be significantly effective against various fungi associated with groundnut seeds.

2 tables, 3 ref

004736   Hsamuddin;Azam T (Botany Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-202 002) : Manuring of tamato (Lycopersion esculentum) and management of root-knot disease by Cassia tora L. Indian J Nematol 2009, 39(1), 120-22.

^ssc 1 table, 5 ref

004735   Gupta M;Jain A K;Pande A C (College of Life Sciences, CHRI, Jiwaji Univ, Gwaliar, Madhya Pradesh) : Aero phycological survey with special reference to their allergenic significance: a review. Biozone 2010, 2(1-2), 294-7.

Presents that besides the occurrence of pollen grains, fungal spores, insect, cysts, trichomes and particles of plant and animal origin various species of algae are also prevalent in the air, such algae occur in the form of filaments or spores. In India, at several places, a large number of air borne algae have been observed. They mostly belong to Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae. Survey indicates that various algal filaments and spores are dispersed in the air after the drying of water sources. Wind currents during spring and summer season carry away fragmented parts and spores of algae to long distances in the air. Such airborne algae have been reported to cause respiratory allergies among human beings. The common allergic forms belong to the species of Cladophora, Chlorella, Lynghya, Phoarmidium, Anabaena, Nostoc, etc.

2 tables, 19 ref

004734   Gopalakrishnan C (Plant Pathology Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu) : Influence of biochemical composition of rice leaf sheaths on sheath rot incidence. Int J Pl Prot 2009, 2(1), 50-3.

Boot leaf sheath contained almost three times more carbohydrate than non-boot leaf sheaths in all the three rice cultivars tested. The maximum amount of carbohydrate was recorded in healthy boot leaf sheath of ADTRH 1(306.3 mg/g), followed by ADT 39 (281 mg/g) and CO 43 (271.7 mg/g). There was a significant reduction in carbohydrate content of boot leaf sheath due to S.oryzae infection. The S.oryzae infected boot leaf sheath of ADTRH 1 recorded 182.0 mg/g of carbohydrate followed by ADT 39 (167.3 mg/g) and CO 43 (132.0 mg/g). The decrease in carbohydrate content of infected boot leaf sheath over healthy boot leaf sheath varied from 40.46 per cent to 51.12 per cent. The per cent decrease in protein content of infected boo leaf sheath over healthy boot leaf sheath was 41.67,41.38 and 33.33 in ADTRH 1, CO 43 and ADT 39, respectively. The healthy boot leaf sheath recorded significantly higher amount of protein than healthy non-hoot leaf sheath and infected boot leaf sheath. The per cent increase in phenolic content of infected boot leaf sheath over healthy boot leaf sheath was 37.71,29.79 and 43.10 in ADTRH 1, CO 43 and ADT39, respectively.

1 table, 13 ref

004733   Gnana Soundari S;Dhanalakshmi M (Botany Dep, P.S.G.R. Krishnammal College For Women, Peelamedu, Coimbatore-641 004) : Antibacterial activity of Cardiospermum halicacabum. J Ecotoxic envir Monit 2009, 19(3), 299-300.

Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn, belonging to the family sapindaceae was invesiigated for its antibacterial activity against several bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli. Proteus sp and Micmcoccus sp using disc diffusion method. Among the various bacteria tested, P. aeruginosa was found to be resistant over ethanolic extract.

1 table, 6 ref

004732   Ghildiyal J C;Geeta Sadana;Uniyal K M;Bebni D;Bebni P (Botany Dep, Dr. P.D.B.H. Government Post Graduate College, Kotdwara, Garhwal-246 149) : Ethno-medicinal uses of plants to cure skin disease in Garhwal Himalaya. J Mount Res 2008, 3(Dec), 55-62.

In the present ethno-botanical study, 77 plant species have been pointed out from different parts of Garhwal Himalaya which are used in the treatment of various dermal ailments. The study is based on the queries made to the local inhabitants involved in indigenous uses of plants in health care system. Various dermal problems cured by these plants are itching, ringworm, eczima, hypersensitiv-ity, prickly heat, leucoderma, leprosy, scabies and other ailments.

16 ref

004731   Faisal M;Ahmad T;Srivastava N K (Botany Dep, S.N.P.G. College, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Email: mohammad.3578@gmail.com) : Influence of different levels of Glomus macrocarpum on growth and yield of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). Indian J scient Res 0000, 1(2), 97-9.

VAM fungi have received considerable attention in recent years with regard considerable attention in recent years with regard to nutrition and development of host plants. VAM root colonization is the results of the interaction between the host soil and fungus. This study clearly brings out the influence of soil type on VAM development, i.e. the red soil type was found to be superior to the black clayey soil.

004730   Dwivedi P;Mehrotra P;Dhanai C S;Yadav A S; Ambreesh Kumar (Botany Dep, Bundelkhand Univ, Jhansi-284 003) : Population structure of Leucaena leucocephala in marshy, mesic and dryland stands of semi arid zone, Jhansi. J Ecobiol 2009, 25(2), 153-62.

Regeneration status of Leucaena leucocephala, known as the "Miracle tree" due to its paramount economic importance in semi arid zone of Jhansi has been evaluated. The work was carried out in 15 years old plantations of Leucaena at three sites. Edaphic factors showed that the soil moisture content and nutrient concentrations were relatively greater at perennial water stream (PWS) site than other sites. The study showed that the Leucaena tree, sapling and seedling density and canopy cover were the highest at perennial water stream (PWS) site whereas basal area was maximum (82.2 m²/ha) at Seasonal standing water (SSW) site and minimum at Leucaena plantation at forest (LP) site. The maximum above ground dry mass (22.4 g/m²) of understory vegetation was recorded at SSW site. Similar trend was observed in belowground (9.1 g/m²) and total dry mass (31.4 g/m²) of understory vegetation. The study revealed that Leucaena harboured maximum herb diversity and basal area of trees at low moisture content of the site i.e. seasonal standing water (SSW) site. Findings of the present study may suggest that the afforestation and revegetation trails by L. leucocephala at Bundelkhand region may show significant results not only in the production of fuel, fodder and wood but also may an effective tool for the promotion of diversity of understory vegetation in those area where precipitation and optimim moisture content is questionable. Therefore, Leucaena canopy on wasteland area may be value addition in forest regeneration program in semi arid region.

1 illus, 7 tables, 29 ref

004729   Deshmukh R S;Rakh R R;Dalvi S;Kareppa B M (Botany Dep, B. Raghunath College, Parbhani, Maharashtra, Email: deshmukhrajeshs@rediffmail.com) : Alternaria blight of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Biozone 2010, 2(1-2), 232-5.

Among fungal diseases of sunflower, Alternaria blight caused by Alternaria helianthi (Hansf.) Tubaki and Nishihara, is very severe in Maharashtra and especially in Marathwada region. The yield losses due to Alternaria helianthi varied from 11.3 to 73.5% with 25 to 100% infection. In vitro growth studies, found that Alternaria helianthi grows luxuriantly on PDA media than other media. Disease severity index (DSI) during 2006-2007 and 2007- 2008 revealed that an average disease incidence was higher in 2007-2008 than 2006-2007 in Kharif, Rabi and summer seasons.

2 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

004728   Chavan S S;Hegde Y R (Plant Pathology Dep, Agricultural Sciences Univ, Dharwad, Karnataka) : In vitro biological management of fusarium wilt of patchouli caused by Fusarium solani. Int J Pl Prot 2009, 2(1), 123-5.

Patchouli is an important aromatic plant used as a low calorie sweetener. Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium solani is an important disease and is a major constraint in patchouli cultivation. Evaluation of the biocontrol agents indicated that maximum inhibition of mycelial growth of F. solani (78.11%) was noticed in Trichodenna harzianum (Dharwad isolate). Among botanicals tested neem seed kernel extract was more effective (74.86%) inhibiting the growth of F. solani.

2 tables, 10 ref

004727   Chavan B P;Kadam J R;Saindane Y S (Entomology Dep, Post Graduate Institute, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Ahmednagar) : Bioefficacy of liquid formulation of Verticillium lecanii against Aphis gossypii. Int J Pl Prot 2009, 2(1), 73-6.

Studies on liquid formulation of Verticillium lecanii (Zimmermann) Viegas was carried out at Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Mahatma Phule KrishiVidyapeeth, Rahuri, Maharashtra State, India during 2002-04. The studies revealed that both the liquid formulations of V. lecanii irrespective of dosage tested had showed significantly higher efficacy in controlling aphids. Formulation A registered 68.23 to 89.54 per cent mortality and Formulation B recorded 70.28 to 96.70 per cent kill of the pest. The per cent concentration of the formulation resulted in highest (96.70%) mortality. However, it was at par with 0.45,0.60 and 0.75 per cent concentrations.

1 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

004726   Chauksay P;Rai A N;Shrivastava S;Verma N (Botany Dep, Dr. H.S. Gour Univ, Sagar-470 003, Email: anrai_mycology@yahoo.com) : Some additions to the foliicolous fungi from Central India. Biozone 2010, 2(1-2), 211-7.

Some foliicolous fungal forms infecting the Angiospermic flora of Sagar (M.P.) were collected and observed for their mycotaxonomic value. The detailed studies resulted as Phyllosticta bundelkhandiae sp. nov. on Musa paradisiaca Linn. (Musaceae), Puccinia borreriicola sp. nov. on Borreria stricta (Rubiaceae) and Leptoxyphium fumago (Woronichin) Shrivastava onArgeria setosa. These are described, illustrated and compared with allied species.

3 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

004725   Chamoli K P;Agrawal A K (Botany Dep, H.N.B. Garhwal Univ, Campus, Pauri Garhwal-246 001) : Effect of different concentrations of IBA and 2, 4-D individually and in combination on root length of vegetatively propagated shoot cuttings of pyrus Communis var. bertlett in nursery conditions. J Mount Res 2008, 3(Dec), 1-13.

Deals with the impact of different concentrations of I&A and 2,4-D on rooting of hard wood shoot cuttings of Pyrus communis var. Bertlett in nursery conditions.

1 illus, 7 tables, 24 ref

004724   Bisht S S;Bisht N S (Botany Dep, H.N.B. Garhwal Univ, Campus, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand-246 001) : Callus biomass studies of Centella asiatica (L.). J Mount Res 2008, 3(Dec), 15-21.

Centella asiatica L. (Apiaceae) is an important medicinal plant. Callus biomass initiated from leaf, leaf with petiole and petiole explants using 0.5 to 3.0 mgl^-1 Kn and 1.5 to 3.0 mgl^-1 2,4-D in different combinations. In leaf explant higher biomass was noticed in 2.0 : 2.5 mgl^-1 followed by 3.0 : 3.0 mgl^-1 combination of Kn and 2,4-D. While 2.5 (Kn) : 2.0 (2,4-D) mgl^-1 gave maximum biomass in leaf with petiole and petiole explants.

1 illus, 3 tables, 11 ref

004723   Bhattacharya D;Chakraborty M R;Chatterjee N C;Sengupta C (Botany Dep, Kalyani Univ, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal) : A survey on VAM status in roots of some medicinal plants of Alipurduar, West Bengal. Int J Pl Prot 2009, 2(1), 45-7.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal status of ten medicinal plants was studied. The AM colonization, spore population and diversity, altered with seasons as well as with plant species. The maximum mycorrhization was noted in Eclipta alba (82%) followed by Sida cordlfolia (80%). The lowest mycorrhizal percentage was found in Nymphea laba (8%) followed by Adhatoda vasica (10%). Root colonization was found maximum during rainy season and spore population in rhizosphere soil in winter. The spore composition varied probably due to their variation in sporulation period. The high moisture and temperature evidently affected sporulation.

1 table, 7 ref