002366   Ali S F;Rawat L S;Chhipa H;Mahana S K (Botany Dep, Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati Univ, Ajmer-305 009, Email: farookali2008@gmail.com) : Migration of root nodulating bacteria from their parental host. Asian J expl Sci 2010, 24(2), 245-8.

Migration of root nodulating bacteria from their parental host was studied nearby from legume population at Parabatpura, Ajmer. To perform the experiment, air and water samples were collected from different distances from legume planted area. Isolation of root nodulating bacteria was done by using YEMA media containing Congo Red dye employing standard microbiological protocols. During isolation, seven isolates were obtained, which were further characterized and tested for their infectivity in different locally growing herb and tree legumes. Resulted, three isolates were authenticated as root nodulating microsymbionts. The results achieved in the current study assert the presence of Vigna microsymbiont in running water, situated at more than 500 meter away from Vigna fields. Bacteria obtained from air samples, 50 meter (M-3) and 150 meter (M-5) were able to cause nodulation in Prosopis juliflora. Moreover, bacterial isolate M-3 could nodulate Albezia lebbeck situated at 100 meter distance from the site of sample collection. It is concluded from this study that water may be an important source for long distance transportation of some rhizobia. This information may be beneficial for extension of legume in a new environment especially in virgin area.

1 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

002365   Agrawal P;Singh R (NO, Mata Gujri Mahavidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh) : Hyphomycetes of four water bodies of Jabalpur. J basic appl Mycol 2009, 8(1-2), 100-1.

Ten hyphomycetes have been recorded from four water bodies of Jabalpur. Out of these ten fungi, Helicodendron sp. is being reported for the first time from Jabalpur.

2 tables, 8 ref

002364   Agarwal A;Ambwani K (NO, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 53, University Road, Lucknow-226 007, Email: anilagarwal_in@yahoo.com) : New fossil fruit from the miocene beds of Payangadi, Cannanore district, Kerala, India. J appl Biosci 2009, 35(1), 13-18.

The study reveals occurrence of a fossil fruit Terminalia linnaeocarpum sp. nov. described as a new species under the family Combretaceae. The carbonized fruit, a well preserved drupe, with one elliptical seed retrieved from the lignite bed overlying the china clay layer at the Payangadi Clay Mine, Cannanore district, India. Taxa studied are comparable with the extant species Terminalia foetidissitna Griff., presently growing in the rain forests of Malayan Peninsula, Myanmar, Borneo, Sumatra and India. The occurrence of Terminalia -like fruit indicates the presence of liittoral swamp forests with warm humid climate around Payangadi during the time of deposition.

2 illus, 32 ref

003384   Yadav S K;Singh V P;Singh D K (NO, Horticulture Research and Extn. Centre, Dhakrani, Dehradun (Uttaranchal)) : Per se performance of some genotypes and their crosses in chilli. Prog Agric 2007, 7(1-2), 75-9.

The investigation was conducted at Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Horticulture Research and Extension Centre, Dhakrani (Dehradun, Uttaranchal) during 2005 and 2006 Whereas, all quality analysis has conducted at R.M.P. (PG) college Gurukul (Narsan), Distt.- Haridwar (Uttaranchal). The experimental consisted of eight parental lines of Chilli viz, PC-1, LCA-333, LCA-206, KA-2, Ajeet-6, Phule Mukta, JCA-283 and LCA-357 with their 28 F₁ populations which were evaluated in a Randomized Block Design with two replications. The observations on twenty characters taken from ten randomly taken plants in each replication within each treatment. Analysis of variance for the experimental design revealed highly significant differences among the parents and crosses for all the characters studied except for stem diameter. Parent versus crosses were also found significant for all characters except for stem diameter and number of seeds per fruit. General mean (parents + F1s) for plant height, days to first picking, fresh fruit yield (q/ha), seed yield (q/ha) and ascorbic acid content was 76.757 cm, 74.018 days, 207.470 q/ha, 19.795 q/ha and 125.771 mg/100 g, respectively.

2 tables, 9 ref

003383   Yadav R;Singh H K;Yadav A L (Horticulture Dep, Narendra Deva Univ Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of INM on plant growth and soil properties of aonla orchard under sodic soil condition. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 859-61.

The experiment on "Effect of INM on plant growth and soil properties of aonla orchard under sodic soil condition" was conducted at MES (Horticulture) of Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.) during the years 2004-05 and 2005-06 to evaluate the response of organic manures and biofertilizers along with inorganic fertilizers on growth and soil properties under sodic soil condition. The maximum and significant increment in growth parameters (plant height, spread and trunkgirth) were recorded with the application of 50% NPKS + biofertilizers + FYM (T₁₀) which was at par with 100% NPKS + biofertilizers (T₈) treatment. Both the treatments were significantly superior over rest of the treatments. Available soil NPKS were noticed highest in T₁₀ followed by T₈. Application of 50% NPKS + biofertilizers + FYM (T₁₀) reduced the pH, EC and improved organic carbon, however increased available Ca and Mg was noted with the T₁₀ followed by T₉ treatments.

2 tables, 10 ref

003382   Yadav R S;Amritesh;Shukla C;Lakshman Prasad (Plant Pathology Dep, S.V.B.P. Univ. of Ag. and Tech, Meerut-250 110) : Antifungal screening of some higher plants against storage fungi. Prog Agric 2007, 7(1-2), 128-31.

While screening different parts of 9 plant species for their volatile toxicity at 1000ppm concentration against storage fungi viz., Aspergillus flavus. Alternaria alternata and Pencillium variable. The active volatile constituents from each plant were isolated in the form of essential oil and the fungitoxicity of each oil was tested separately. The oil of Mentha spicata var. MSS-5 exhibited strong toxicity inhibiting the fungal mycelial growth completely. While others were showed either moderate or poor inhibitory antifungal activity.

2 tables, 19 ref

003381   Yadav R;Baksh H;Singh H K;Yadav A L (Horticulture Dep, Narendra Deva Univ Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of integrated nutrient management on productivity and quality of aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) fruits. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 881-3.

The present investigation was carried out at Main Experiment Station (Horticulture) of Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.) during the year 2004-05 and 2005-06, to evaluate the response of organic manures and biofertilizers alongwith inorganic fertilizers on yield and quality of aonla fruits. The maximum and significant improvement in yield and yield attributing characters (fruit set, fruit retention) and quality (T.S.S., ascorbic acid, acidity, reducing, non reducing and total sugar contents) were recorded in T₁₀ (50% NPKS+ biofertilizers + FYM) which was at par with 100% NPKS + biofertilizer treatments. The both treatments were significantly superior over rest of the treatments.

2 tables, 9 ref

003380   Yadav J R;Bhargava L;Kumar S;Mishra G;Yadav A;Parihar N S;Singh S P (Vegetable Science Dep, C.S.A. Uni. of Agric. and Tech. Kalyanpur, Kanpur-208 024) : Usefull heteroris for yield and its components in okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) moench]. Prog Agric 2007, 7(1-2), 5-7.

The experiment was conducted of 36 F₁s developed through line x tester technique along with 15 parents in randomized block design with three replications at the Department of Vegetable Science, C.S.A. Uni. of Agric. and Technology, Kalyanpur, Kanpur during Kharif 2005, The heterosis in F₁ lover economic parent (KS-404) for twelve characters viz., days to flowering, height of plant (cm), number of branches per plant, number of first fruiting node, length of first fruiting node (cm), number of node per plant, length of inter node (cm), length of fruit (cm), width of fruit (cm), Tapering length of fruit (cm), number of fruits per plant and yield per plant (g), The significant amount of useful heterosis was observed for all the attributes, However the maximum heterosis with the respect to yield per plant was observed in cross KS-455 x Prabhani Kranti (36.85%), Significant and desirable heterosis was also reported for all the characters in most of the crosses, which indicated that the most part of heterosis was due to the dominance and dominance x dominance types of interaction and less for additive x dominance type of gene effect.

1 table, 8 ref

003379   Vijayaragavan M;Vijayarengan P;Jayakumar K; Natarajan A (Environmental Science Div, Botany Dep,, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar-608 002) : Phytotoxicity of cadmium and its effects on growth and photosynthetic responses in Raphanus sativus (L.). Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 555-8.

The effect of increasing concentrations (10 and 50 mg kg^-1) of soil cadmium on growth and leaf variations in radish plants were analyzed on three different sampling days (viz., 20, 40 and 60). Photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were measured on 60th sampling day only. Control plants were maintained separately. The inner surface of pots was lined with a polythene sheet. Each pot contained 3 kg of air dried soil. Six seeds were sown in each pot. All pots were watered to field capacity daily. Plants were thinned to a maximum of two per pot, after a week of germination. Cadmium at all levels (10 and 50 mg kg^-1) tested, decreased the growth parameters such as root and shoot length, number of leaf, total leaf area, dry weight of root and shoot and photosynthetic responses such as photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of radish plants compared to untreated plants.

2 tables, 14 ref

003378   Venugopal V;Patel B B (NO, , 503, Vishalgad I.I.T. Staff CHS, Powai, Mumbai-400 076) : On in Vitro produced callus and shoots of Raphanus sativus L.. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2006, 8(4), 761-4.

Series of experiments were carried out in order to optimize a protocol for in vitro shoot regeneration of Radish and to analyze the phenomenon of organogenesis in vitro. White radish (Raphanus sativus L.) was used to analyze the effect of explant source (cotyledons or hypocotyl), culture media and plant growth regulators. The findings showed that hypocotyl from the seeds germinated in vitro presented lower levels of contamination and a better development than cotyledons. The MS media showed better results than B5 for the cultivar and experimental lines studied. MS media supplemented with appropriate concentration of Indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) for shoot regeneration from callus gave consistently better results. Protein estimation of the callus and shoot regenerated in vitro was also performed and was compared with that of matured leaves and roots. In the process a 37 kD protein was found to be expressed (through SDS - PAGE) in callus obtained in vitro but absent in matured leaves or roots.

4 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

003377   Vardhana R (Botany Dep, M.M.H. (P.G. & Research) College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Plant's havoc by Cuscuta spp. in district Ghaziabad U.P. India. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 921-2.

The present paper enumerate 117 plant species which are hosted by total stem parasitic genus, Cuscuta in Ghaziabad. District Ghaziabad covers an area of 1988 Sq. Km. and comprised of Ghaziabad tehsil, Modinagar tehsil, Hapur tehsil Garh tehsil and Rajapur, Loni, Bhojpur, Muradnagar, Hapur, Dhaulana, Garh, Simnhaoli are the blocks. An extensive survey has been conducted in all blocks and Tehsils to collect the information about parasitic plants distributed in Ghaziabad district.

10 ref

003376   Vardhana R (Botany Dep, M.M.H. (P.G. & Research) College, Ghaziabad (U.P.), India) : Plant's havoc by Cuscuta spp. in district Meerut U.P. India. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 917-18.

The district Meerut comprised of three tehsils- 1. Meerut, 2. Sardhana, 3. Mawana and 12 blocks - Meerut, Rohta, Jani, Rajpura, Kharkhauda, Sardhana, Sarurpur, Daurala, Mawana, Machhara, Parikshit garh and Hastinapur. So in the present paper all the total area of tehsils and blocks of district Meerut have been studied to find out the number of plant on which, a total stem parasite (Cuscuta) hosted. In the district 115 plant species found affected by parasitic genus Cuscuta.

12 ref

003375   Tiwari S P;Kuruwanshi V B;Mishra P K;Rathia G R (Plant Physiology Dep, Indira Gandhi Agricultural Univ, Raipur) : Effect of abscisic acid on relative water content and survival percentage of rice at different stages. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 903-04.

The experiment was carried out at screen house of Department of Plant Physiology, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh during Kharif season 2003-04. Four treatments consisted of foliar spray of Abscisic acid (ABA) at 2, 4 and 6 ppm along with control (water spray). The maximum relative water content and survival percentage was noticed with application of Abscisic acid at 4 ppm that was significantly superior to all treatments.

3 tables, 4 ref

003374   Tiwari R D;Neopane A;Chaudhary R P;Gupta V N (Botany Central Dep, Tribhuvan Univ, Kirtipur, Kathmandu) : Mycelial growth inhibition of Botrytis cinerea Pers. Ex. by essential oils of some aromatic plants of manang, central Himalaya. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 523-6.

Botrytis cinerea Pers. Ex., the causal agent of gray mould fruit rot of strawberry was isolated from the infected strawberry fruit. Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating the healthy fruit and comparing the symptoms appeared with the previous symptoms. Three plant species i.e. Thymus linearis, Tanacetum gracile and Artemisia gmelinii from Manang district, Nepal were hydrodistillised to obtain the essential oils. The antifungal activity of the essential oils was assessed by poison food technique using five different concentrations i.e. 0.625 μlml^-1, 1.25 μlml^-1, 2.5 μlml^-1, 5.0 μlml^-1 and 10.0 μlrnl^-1. The antifungal activity of essential oils was calculated in terms of the mycelial growth inhibition percentage of the test fungus. Essential oils from all the three plant species inhibited mycelial growth of the test fungus significantly. The essential oil of Thymus linearis was found most effective followed by Tanacetum gracile and Artemisia gmelinii.

1 table, 18 ref

003373   Tiwari D;Pande P C;Tiwari L (Botany Dep, Kumaun University, S.S.J. Campus, Almora, Uttarakhand) : Ethno-veterinary herbal medicines of Dwarahat area of Central Himalayas. Indian For 2007, 133(3), 379-90.

Deals with the utilization of plants and plant products in relation to the ethnoveterinary medicines of Dwarahat area of Uttarakhand Himalayas. Ethno-veterinary survey was conducted during 2003 and information on medicinal plants and their mode of therapeutic uses, local names were gathered from the villagers and experienced people. The aim of the present study is to document the traditional veterinary medicinal information against the diseases and disorders. Many of traditional practices and treatments are very unique and effective.

2 tables, 14 ref

003372   Thakur P;Sharma K R;Denne M P;Thakur A (NO, Dr Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan-173 230, Email: priyanka.thakur@gmail.com) : Stem structure of X Laburnocytisus adamii (Poit) Scheid. Curr Sci 2007, 92(4), 437-40.

9 illus, 6 ref

003371   Sunil Kumar;Yadav J R;Mishra G;Sanjeev Kumar; Singh B (Vegetable Science Dep, C. S. A. U. A. & T., Kalyanpur, Kanpur-208 024) : Estimation of heritability and genetic advance in okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) moench.]. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 923-4.

A diallel study was carried out with 36 treatments (28 F₁ s and 8 parents) during 2004 at the Department of Vegetable Science, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kalyanpur, Kanpur. Eight parents used viz. AB-1, AB-2, KS-305, KS-312, BO-2, Arka Anamika, Pusa Sawani and HHR-4. The study based on ten characters namely days to flowering, height of plant (cm), number of node per plant, number of first fruiting node, length of internode (cm), length of fruit (cm), width of fruit (cm), tapering length of fruit (cm), no. of fruit per plant and yield per plant (g). High heritability coupled with moderate to high genetic advance over mean were observed for days to flowering, number of node per plant, length of internode, number of fruit per plant and yield per plant, high heritability coupled with low genetic advance for height of plant, low heritability coupled with high genetic advance for width of fruit tapering length of fruit and low heritability with low genetic advance for length of fruit.

1 table, 7 ref

003370   Subramanian D (NO, , 277, Mariappanagar, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Mosses from Kalrayan hills of Tamil Nadu, India. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 539-43.

The bryophytic and pteridophytic flora in general and Mosses in particular have been studied from Kalrayan Hills of Tamilnadu for the first time. A large number of mosses so far unknown in this part of Tamilnadu have been described.

62 illus, 5 ref

003369   Subramanian D (NO, , 277, Mariappanagar, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Mosses from Shervarayan hills of Tamil Nadu, India. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 527-33.

A large number of species of Fissidens, Dicranum, Campylopus, Pottiaceae and Bryaceae members have been studied for the first time from Shervarayan hills of Tamilnadu. Several species, so far undescribed have been also included in this communication.

75 illus, 7 ref

003368   Srivastava R L;Srivastava S K;Mahak Singh; Dubey S D;Husain K (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, Project Coordinating Unit (Linseed), Chandra Shekhar Azad Univ Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208 002) : Heterosis and combining ability estimates in linseed under salt affected soil. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 905-8.

A half diallel analysis involving 10 parents and their 45 F₁ 's for some metric and quality traits in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) was made to derive the information on the extent of heterosis over superior parent and relative magnitude of general and specific combining ability effects. Significant differences were observed for both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for all the traits studied. The high magnitude of GCA and SCA effects indicated the presence of both additive and non-additive gene interactions for the inheritance of different characters. Parents Parvati, Shubhra, Garima, Shekhar and JLS 9 were observed to be good general combiners for seed yield and they also showed good combining ability for most of the other characters as well. The common crosses on the basis of both heterotic response as well as SCA effects in relation to GCA effects were Shekhar x JLS 9, Parvati x JLS 9 and Garima x Parvati exhibited preponderance of additive x additive gene effects. Other crosses Meera x JLS 9, RL 996 x JLS 9, RL 996 x Acc. No. 442, Shikha x Meera, Shekhar x Meera, Shubhra x Meera, Shikha x JLS 9 and Shekhar x Acc. No. 442 manifested high heterotic response coupled with high SCA effects, mean and significant GCA effects of the parents involved, thereby, showing additive x dominance and dominance x dominance gene effects. Considering overall performance, it is suggested that population improvement concept with the use of bi-parental mating, reciprocal recurrent selection followed by concurrent breeding approach would be more useful for those characters which are controlled by non-additive gene action.

4 tables, 13 ref

003367   Soundari S G;Sashi V;Malathy N S (Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology Dep, P.S.G.R. Krishnammal College for Women, Peelamedu, Coimbatore-4) : Effect of nitrogen sources, bivalent cations and agitation rate on xylanase production. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 615-16.

The objective was to investigate the potential of Aspergillus flavus for xylanase production. The NaNO₃ in xylanase production medium was replaced with different nitrogen sources. Among the nitrogen sources tested, sodium nitrate was found to be the most appropriate inorganic source for xylanase production. Bivalent cations and agitation rate were also tested for xylanase production. In this Mg⁺⁺ showed the best xylanase production and static condition promoted the maximum amount of xylanase production.

3 illus, 6 ref

003366   Soni S;Kondalkar A;Tailang M;Pathak A (NO, Truba Institute of Pharmacy, Bhopal-462 038, Email: sapna.soni@rediffmail.com) : Stevia rebaudiana : an overview. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 503-7.

The objective to summarize the research work held to investigate the pharmacological importance of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, due to its specific chemical composition. Comprehensively the study covers different aspect like methods of cultivation, chemical composition, therapeutic actions of both, the crude extract and the isolated compounds, biotechnological modifications, recent researches and possible approaches for further advancements.

1 illus, 1 table, 27 ref

003365   Sirohi S P S;Tripathi U K;Singh S P;Yadav R (Agricultural Botany Dep, Kisan (P.G.) College, Simbhaoli, Ghaziabad-245 207) : Effect of Trichoderma viride and ergostim on Rhizoctonia solani. Prog Agric 2007, 7(1-2), 142-42.

1 table, 4 ref

003364   Singh T;Sharma R K (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, Kisan P.G. College, Simbhaoli-245 207) : Genetic variability, character association and path analysis of yield and its component characters in durum wheat. Prog Agric 2007, 7(1-2), 15-18.

Genetic variability, character association and path analysis between yield and its contributing characters were studied in forty genotypes of durum wheat. Hignly significant differences among genotypes for all the characters studied. High phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation coupled with high heritability and high genetic advance as % mean for spike length, grain yield, harvest index and grains per spike indicate the predominance of additive gene effects in controlling these characters. Correlation path analysis revealed that biological yield and harvest index were the most important characters for realizing improvement in grain yield.

4 tables, 8 ref

003363   Singh S B;Gupta B B;Singh S P (Genetics and Plant Breeding Div, , FOA, SKUAST-J, Main Campus Chatha, Jammu) : Genetic divergence in exotic inbreds of maize (Zea mays L.). Prog Agric 2007, 7(1-2), 1-4.

One hundred-one maize inbreds along with four check inbreds were evaluated for obtaining information regarding genetic divergence through multivariate analysis using Mahalanobis D² statistic. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits. The 105 genotypes were grouped into 23 clusters, where cluster III accommodated maximum numbers of entries (51). The inter-cluster distance was highest between cluster II and XXIII and followed by cluster II and XIII, II and XVI, and cluster II and XVII. The maximum contribution towards genetic divergence was observed by grain yield per plant followed by plant height and ears per plant Based on inter-cluster distance and perse performance of genotypes, fifteen inbreds were selected which could be intercrossed to obtain high heterotic crosses.

4 tables, 6 ref

003362   Shilpkar P;Shah M;Chaudhary D R (Biogas Research and Extension Centre, Gujarat Vidyapith, Sadra, Gandhinagar-382 320, Email: pshilpkar@yahoo.com) : Alternate use of Calotropis gigantea: biomethanation. Curr Sci 2007, 92(4), 435-7.

^ssc2 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

003361   Shekhawat A K S;Singh D K;Srivastava J P; Singh S K (Vegetable Science Dep, C.S.A. Uni. of Agric. and Tech., Kalyanpur, Kanpur-208 024) : Genetic analysis for dry fruit yield and its component in chilli (Capsicum annum L.). Prog Agric 2007, 7(1-2), 52-5.

Combining ability effects were estimated for different characters of chilli obtained through line x tester mating design, comprising 9 lines and 2 testers and their resultant 18 F₁ hybrids. The genetic purity of all these lines were maintained through selfing. The seedling of 18 F₁ alongwith 11 parents were transplanted in a randomized block design with three replications in the Department of Vegetable Science of C S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kalyanpur, Kanpur during Kharif 2003. Parents and F₁ is were sown in three rows, having 10 plants in each row. The plant to plant and row to row spacing were maintained at 45 cm apart The study was based on 14 characters namely days to flowering, plant height, number of branches per plant, fruit length, fruit width, days to first harvest, number of fruits per plant, 1000 seed weight (g), pedicel length, number of seeds per fruit, fruit yield per plant (red ripe) (g), fruit yield per plant (dry) (g), vitamin C (mg/100 g) and capsaicin content (%). Parents and F₁ crosses differed significantly for gca and sca effects for all the characters, respectively. Lines viz. Sel-54, 7722-1 and Sel. 16 were found good general combiners for red ripe as well as dry fruit yield per plant whereas, cross combinations viz. 2003 x 7950, Sel. 54 x 7950, Sel. 16 x Sel. A-4 for red-ripe yield and Sel. 54 x 7950, A-28 x Sel. A-4 and 7722-1 X 7950 were best specific combinations for dry fruit yield per plant and other yield contributing traits.

3 tables, 5 ref

003360   Sharma P K;Palani S;Irchhiaya R (Institute of Pharmacy, Budelkhand Univ, Jhansi-284 003) : Natural soya lecithin as a drug delivery. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 469-72.

The evolution of the science and technology of liposomes as a drug carrier has passed through a number of distinct phases. Because they exhibit peculiar properties due to their structure, chemical composition amphiphile nature, physico-chemical characters and colloidal size, which are used in various applications. These properties point to several applications as the solubilizer for insoluble drugs, dispersants, and sustained release system, delivery system for the encapsulated substance, stabilizer, protective agents, and micro reactive being the most obvious ones. Yet interest in liposomes, especially among academic workers, spread rapidly author attribute this to the remarkable structural versatility of the system, which enables the design of countless liposomes versions to satisfy particular needs in terms of both technology and optimal function in-vivo.

1 illus, 11 ref

003359   Sharma A;Gupta R;Anil Kumar (Agriculture Chemistry and Soil Science Dep, G.S.D.N. Mahavidyalaya Parikshit Garh, Meerut-250 406, Email: sharma_ashok30@rediffmail.com) : Production potential of mustard (Brassica juncea) under varying sowing methods and at different sulphur and nitrogen levels. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 893-6.

Effect of sowing through border method alongwith various levels of nitrogen and 15 kg sulphur ha^-1 on Indian mustard was studied in a field experiment conducted during the Rabi season of 2005-06 at K.ISAN (PG) college, Simbhaoli and laboratory analysis were conducted at Department of Agriculture Chemistry and Soil Science, G.S.D.N. College, Parikshit Garh Meerut. Yield attributing traits, yield, quality characters, dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake increased significantly to the highest level of 80 kg Nitrogen alongwith crop sown by border method. Application of 15 kg sulphur ha^-1 recorded maximum value for above stated attributes culminating to the maximum seed yield 20.21 quintals ha^-1. This indicates that, due to sowing in border method with the application of sulphur, the plants attributed more vigorous it is only due to the proper space available to plants, which could have better photosynthesis and nitrogen application ascribed to the chief function of nitrogen in cell multiplication, cell elongation and tissue differentiation, which would have helped plant to grow better and ultimately affect the productivity of crop.

2 tables, 9 ref

003358   Sharavanan P S;Arivalagan V;Ravimycin T; Anbazhagan C;Jayakumar R;Rajalakshmi S (Botany Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar-608 002) : Phytoremediation of cadmium contaminated soil by tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum L. var. vr. 3) plant. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 817-19.

The aim of the present study was to phytoremediate cadmium contaminated soil by tobacco plant. Various concentration of cadmium chloride (25, 50, 75, 100 and 200 mg kg^-1) solution were prepared and used for pot culture studies. It is evident from the results obtained that the phytoremediation are the low capital costs, aesthetic benefits, minimization of leaching of contaminants and soil stabilization.

3 tables, 16 ref

003357   Shahi S K;Shahi M P;Choudhary S;Mahesh Kumar (Microbiology Dep, Center for Advance Research and Development, Janta Vedic P.G. College, Baraut-250 611) : Broad spectrum herbal antifungal compound for the cure of human dermatophytoses. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 771-3.

Essential oil of Cymbopogon flexuosus, showed, strong antidermatophytic activity against several pathogens viz., Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum audouinii, M. canis, M. gypseum, M. nanum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. tomurans and T. violaceum and tolerated heavy doses of inoculum potential at 0.3 μl/ml concentration Moreover, oil did not exhibit any adverse effects on mammalian skin upto 5% concentration.

1 table, 13 ref

003356   Shahi M P;Shahi S K;Kumar M;Choudhary S (Microbiology Dep, Center for Advance Research and Development, Janta Vedic P.G. College, Baraut-250 611) : Evaluation of clove oil for the development of natural antifungal against onychomycosis. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 753-7.

During antifungal evaluation of some essential oils, Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb was found to be most effective antifungal. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were found 0.1 μl/ml against E. floccosum, T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum and 0.4,0.5 μl/ml against Candida albicans, Scytalidium dimidiatum respectively. The oil inhibited potency against heavy doses of inoculum at 1.0 μl/ml concentrations. The oil was found thermostable upto 80°C and upto 48 months of storage its antifungal activity did not effected. The oil also have broad fungitoxic spectrum as it also killed some other fungi, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. ustus, Microporum audouinii, M. canis, M. gypseum, M. nanum, Rhizopus nigricans, Trichophyton tonsurans and T. violaceum at the range of 1-1.0 μl/ml concentrations. The pure oil killed the tested pathogens dermatophytes, {E. floccosum, T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum) in just 2 sec and against 5. dimidiatum, C. albicans take 5 sec. The tests proved that the oil did not cause any adverse effect on human nail as well as on skin upto 5% concentration. Thus, the oil can provide us an effective herbal antifungal after under going successful clinical trials.

3 tables, 15 ref

003355   Senthamarai M;Poornima;Subramanian S (Nematology Dep, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univ, Coimbatore-641 003, Email: karsenth171980@yahoo.co.in) : Nematode-fungal disease complex involving Meloidogyne incognita and Macrophomina phaseolina on Coleus forskohlii Briq.. Indian J Nematol 2006, 36(2), 181-4.

Glasshouse experiment was carried out to study the interaction of Meloidogyne incognita and Macrophomina phaseolina on Coleus forskohlii. The nematode multiplication was adversely affected when fungus was inoculated prior to nematode. Simultaneous inoculation of nematode and fungus as well as nematode followed by fungus 15 days later, caused 100 percent root rot disease and significant reduction in plant growth compared to the inoculation of fungus alone or fungus inoculation prior to nematode.

2 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

003354   Sangameswaran B;Jayakar B (Vinayaka Mission's College of Pharmacy, Vinayaka Missions Univ, Kondappanaickan Patty, Salem-636 008) : Pharmacognostical studies of aerial parts of Cocculus hirsutus (L.) diels. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 709-12.

Cocculus hirsutus linn (Menispermaceae) is commonly known as Jal-jammi. It is a climber found in tropical and sub-tropical regions of India. A decoction of the leaves is taken in eczema, dysentery and urinary problem. Leaves and stem are used for treating eye diseases and diabetes. In this paper studies carried out to determine the macroscopic, microscopic ash values and extractive values, which were performed to standardize the leaf and stem of the plant for its purity.

4 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

003353   Sahare A Y;Padgilwar S S;Chaudhari Y;Manwar J V (NO, S.G.S.P.S. Institute of Pharmacy, Kaulkhed, Akola-444 004) : Hypericum perforatum : a medicinal plant. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 463-8.

Hypericum perforatum Linn belonging to the family Hypericaceae is distributed worldwide and used traditionally in many countries for treatment of variety of ailments. It has also been used in Ayurveda and Unani systems of medicine. The various active chemical constituents reported to be isolated from plant, including flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, alkaloids and Xanthones. The plant and it's chemical constituents also screened for various pharmacological activity and toxicity study by scientific methods. Hence present review is directed towards the exploration of traditional uses, phytoconstituents, therapeutic potential and toxicity study of Hypericum perforatum.

1 illus, 53 ref

003352   Rosanara Begum;Bijay Kumar K;Mohanty B K (Botany P. G. Dep, Ravenshaw Univ, Cuttack-753 003) : Effect of Cu<. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 575-8.

Experimental effect of Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ an the enzymatic activities of kodu millet seedlings (Paspalum scrobiculatum, L.) was studied at different concentration of the metals ranging from 0-500mg L^-1 for copper and 0-500mg L^-1 for cadmium. Cupric acetate [Cu (CH₃ COO)₂ H₂O] and cadmium sulphate [3Cd SO₄. 8H₂O] is used for Cu & Cd sources respectively studies showed that chlorophyllase showed an increased activity with the increase in the concentration of both the metals, whereas protease was induced mildly. While copper suppressed DNAse in both root and shoot, cadmium had an inductive and suppressive effect on shoot and root respectively. RNAse was stable in shoot in response to cadmium but there was a significant decline in enzyme activity in root. Both the metals induced the catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity both in root and shoot of the kodu millet seedlings. The response of the alkaline inorganic pyrophosphatase enzyme can be considered as an index of copper and cadmium toxicity in the present investigation.

2 tables, 29 ref

003351   Rosanara Begam;Bijay Kumar K;Mohanty B K (Botany P. G. Dep, Ravenshaw Univ, Cuttack-753 003) : Effect of Cu<. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 589-93.

Effect of Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ on the biochemical parameters of Kodu millet, Paspalum scribiculatum L. was studied at different concentrations ranging from 0-500 mgl^-1 for Cu and 0-500 mgl^-1 for Cd. Cupric acetate [Cu(CH₃COO)₂ H₂O] and cadmium sulphate [3CdSO₄, 8H₂O] is used for Cu and Cd source respectively. Studies showed that pigment content (Chl a, Chl b, total Chl and carotenoids), DNA, RNA, soluble sugar, α-amino nitrogen and protein content increased at low level of Cu and Cd treatment but decreased with the increase in the both the metal concentration. In comparison to copper, cadmium was found to be more toxic to the biochemical parameters of Kodu millet.

2 tables, 37 ref

003350   Renuka Bai N;Laila Banu N R;Prakash J W;Goldi S J (Botany and Research Centre Dep, Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil-600 003) : Effect of Sargassum wightii extract (SLF) on the growth an yield of Phaseolus aureus L.. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 621-4.

Seaweeds are the important marine living resources with tremendous commercial application. In the recent times, seaweed extracts have been used as fertilizers. These extracts are commonly known as seaweed liquid fertilizer (SLF). The effect of Sargassum wightii extract was studied on the growth parameters of Phaseolus aureus L. The effect of seaweed extract was studied on the growth characteristics upto 45 days of growth with an interval of 15 days. Phaselous aureus L. showed positive response. The application of Sargassum wightii extract was found to promote overall growth. The use of Sargassum wightii proved to be an efficient alternative to the conventional chemical fertilizers.

3 illus, 4 tables, 20 ref

003349   Ravi Prakash;Singh S V (Zoology Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad-211 002) : Community analysis of phytoparasitic nematodes associated with aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.). Prog Agric 2007, 7(1-2), 139-40.

1 table, 5 ref

003348   Rathi J P S;Rathi P K;Singh O P (Agronomy Dep, C. S. Azad Univ Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208 002) : Integrated weed management technique in chickpea with mustard intercropping system. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 909-12.

A field trial was conducted in two consecutive years of 2000-01 and 2001-02 of rabi season at the farm of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur to find out the effect of different weed management techniques on weeds and seed yield of chickpea (Sole) and chickpea + mustard intercropping. In both the cropping systems, there was no significant variation in the density of weeds. Amongst the weed management techniques, all weed control techniques reduced significantly biomass in comparison of weedy check during both the years. The increase in grain yield of chickpea, mustard and chickpea equivalent yield by different weed management techniques was higher by 85.31, 90.84, 102.09, 49.75, 17.28,34.26, 71.56, 62.36 and 75.82 per cent over weed control in the mean yield under manual weeding, fluchlorlin @ 1.0 kg/ha and pendimethalin @ 1.25 kg/ha, respectively. Pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1.25 kg/ha helped to increase 103.93 and 53.61 per cent more chickpea equivalent yield over weedy check in both the years. (2000-01 and 2001-02), respectively.

4 tables, 5 ref

003347   Rajkumar M;Karuppaiah P (Horticulture Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Variability studies in snake gourd (Trichosanthes anguina L.). Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 699-701.

This investigation on genetic variability including mean, genotypic and phenotypic co-efficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance was conducted with thirty genotypes of snake gourd. Significant differences among genotype for all the characters were noted. All the characters exhibited less difference between GCV and PCV values. The characters like flesh thickness, fruits per plant, days to fruit maturity and 100 seed weight showed equal GCV and PCV values indicating less influence of environment in their expression. The heritable estimate is high for all the characters except days to first female flower. The maximum heritability was observed for vitamin-C content of the fruit followed by the crude fibre content and nodes for first female flower. The genetic advance as percentage of mean is high for fruits per plant and fruit length. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for fruits per plant and fruit length (cm). They are governed by additive genes and could be effectively improved through selection.

1 table, 9 ref

003346   Prakash V R;Venugopal S;Thomas S (NO, , Valiyaveedu, Cherukunnam, Anayadi P.O., Pathanamthitta-690 561) : First report of macrophomina leaf spot (Macrophomina phaseolina) on Artocarpus hirsutus in India. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 929-30.

4 ref

003345   Prakash J W;Regini G S (Botany Dep, Research Centre Scott Christian College, Nagercoil) : Micro algal diversity of river Kodayar, Kanyakumari district, South Tamil Nadu, India. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 659-60.

The study carried out during the year 2005 - 2006. The study area was Kodayar river of Kanyakumari district. The river originates from Kodayar hills. In the investigation it found 42 species of algal species. From which 11 Cyanophyceae, 18 Chlorophyceae and 13 Bascillariophyceae members were observed. Even though the number of species is low in Bacillorlophyceae, the number of individuals is greater than the other groups.

7 ref

003344   Perveen K;Haseeb A;Shukla P K (Plant Protection Dep, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh-202 002, Email: pksmuch@rediffmail.com) : Pathogenic potential of Meloidogyne incognita on Mentha arvensis cv. Gomti. Indian J Nematol 2006, 36(2), 177-80.

Ditermines the effect of initial inoculum levels (Pi) of Meloidogyne on Mentha arvensis cv. Gomti. There was a positive relationship between the initial inoculum levels of M. incognita and reduction in shoot-root/sucker fresh and dry weights, oil yield, total chlorophyll, total phenol and total sugar content of fresh leaves. The maximum reduction in corresponding parameters was recorded at the highest initial inoculum level (25,000 J₂/5 kg soil) as compared to uninoculated control. There was a negative relationship between initial inoculum densities and rate of nematode multiplication. Maximum nematode final population Pf (1,33,430) and root-knot index (3.00) were observed at the highest Pi (25,000 J₂/5 kg soil), whereas, maximum reproduction-factor was observed at minimum Pi (500 J₂/5 kg soil.

2 tables, 15 ref

003343   Patil P D;Chaudhari K N;Mane S S;Patil H T; Borkar S G (All India Co-ordinated Pearl Millet Improvement Project, College of Agricultural, Dhule-424 004) : Downy mildew - a dreaded disease of pearl millet. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 487-91.

Pearl Millet is an important coarse cereals providing primary caloric source to millions of people living in subsistence agroecosystems of arid and semiarid tropical system of Asia and Africa. But the main constraints to this crop is downy mildew a dreaded disease caused by Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc) J. is widely distributed and economically significant and major disease on Pearl Millet which causes tremendous losses in India. The severely infected plants remains stunted and do not produced panicles and infected floral parts transferred into leafy structure called as 'green year'. The pathogen is an obligate heterothallic biotroph that generates large variability in its progenies through sexual and asexual reproduction. Virulence shift is monitored through on farm disease survey, multilocation collaborative downy mildew virulence nursery and use of host differentials. DNA markers such as RFLP, SSR, and AFLP have been used to study genetic diversity in Sclerospora graminicola. Both conventional and molecular breeding approaches have been successful in transferring downy mildew resistance genes in hybrid parental lines and developing disease resistant variety/hybrids. Other approaches such as judicious use of seed treatment fungicides like Ridomil or Apron and suitable agronomic practices in combination with host plant resistance would be desirable to prolong the productive life of hybrid cultivars.

38 ref

003342   Patel S K;Patel H V;Patel A D (Nematology Dep, B.A. College of Agriculture, Gujarat Agricultural Univ, Anand-388 110) : Integrated management of root-knot nematode in tomato nursery through botanical plant materials. Indian J Nematol 2006, 36(2), 307-8.

^ssc1 table, 4 ref

003341   Pandey U (NO, , 44, Kawalyadham Colony, Durgakund, Varanasi-221 005) : Diurnal rhythm in the activity of ammonia assimilating enzymes of a freshwater alga. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 825-6.

A freshwater green alga, Chara was investigated with respect to diurnal rhythm in the levels of three ammonia assimilating enzymes namely, glutamine synthetase, (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamine dehydrogenase (GDH). The observations evidenced the presence of all the three enzymes in the tissues of the experimental organism. All enzymes showed a definite diurnal rhythm in their activity. Glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase showed similar patterns with low activity in dark and maximum activity during day time reaching a peak at noon. However, glutamine dehydrogenase levels decreased during the day time and increased in the dark. The study has relevance in understanding regulation of nitrogen assimilation in this industrially important alga.

1 illus, 8 ref

003340   Pandey T;Parashar N;Sharma R (Botany Dep, K. R. College, Mathura-281 001) : Biochemical changes in Azadirachta indica and Carica papaya with respect to air pollution. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 689-91.

Four differentially polluted zones of Varanasi city were selected for biochemical study of potted plants. Leaves of potted Azadirachta indica and Carica papaya collected from different sites were subjected to the analysis of percent leaf area injury, chlorophyll content, sugar content, carotenoid content, ascorbic acid and protein content. Banaras Hindu University P was the control site while Andhrapul was the most polluted region studied. It was found that chlorophyll, sugar content, I ascorbic acid and carotenoids were highest at BHU campus whereas foliar injury and protein contents were found highest at Andhrapul site. It was also found that A. indica is more sensitive as compared to C. papaya.

23 ref

003339   Paliwal A K;Chandrakanta;Joshi R (Botany Dep, Govt. P. G. College, Bageshwar-263 642) : Medicinal plants used for treatment of diabetes (madhu-meha) from Bageshwar district of Uttarakhand. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 855-7.

Uttarakhand is one of the smaller hilly states, which is situated in the northern side of India. The present paper describes an account of medicinal plants used for treatment of diabetes (madhu-meha) found in Bageshwar district of Kumaon region of Uttarakhand. Tribal like Bhotias and local people uses these plants to cure diabetes. It includes 20 ethnomedicinally important angiospermic species like Momordica charantia L., Trigonella foenumgraceum L., Syzygium cumini Skeel (L.), Asparagus racemosus Willd and Curcuma longa L. etc.

1 table, 20 ref

003338   Natarajan A;Thiyagarajan G;Vijayaragavan M (Botany Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar-608 002) : Effect of distillery effluent on seed germination and seedling growth of Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper. Pl Archs 2007, 7(2), 767-9.

In the laboratory culture experiment, the effect of different concentrations of distillery effluent on seed germination and seedling growth (0,5, 10,25, 50, 75 and 100ml/l of effluent) of Vigna mungo (variety T-9 and ADT-1) was studied on 7th day. The seeds were surface sterilized using 0.1% mercuric chloride (HgC12) for two minutes. The inner surface of sterllized Petri plates lined with filter paper. Twenty five seeds were sown in arranged at equal distance. Control plants were maintained separately. Equal volume of various concentrations (5-100 ml/1) of distillery effluent were poured into respective Petri plates. Each treatment including the control was replicated five times. The Petri plates were incubated in seed germinator at (28±2°C). Distillery effluent at all levels (5-10 ml/1) tested, the seed germination and seedling growth parameters such as root length, lateral root and shoot length, vigour index and tolerance index were higher 5 and 10 ml/1 of treatment then that of control and other (25, 50, 75 and 100 ml/1) concentrations of treated plants. Phytotoxicity percentage of the black gram plants increased with an increase of distillery effluents.

2 tables, 17 ref