Al-Otaibi N M
013583 Al-Otaibi N M (Saudi Wildlife Authority, , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) : Vegetation in Nafudal-'Urayq reserve of Saudi Arabia. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2017, 14(1), 137-44.
Nafud al-'Urayq is one of the smaller sand seas in the central Najd region of Saudi Arabia, representing the central Nafud Bioregion. It is a narrow dune corridor running north to south. After rains, Nafud al-'Urayq is an extremely good scenic area, where the sand dunes contrast strikingly - 65 - with the surrounding mountains. Nafudal-'Urayq is a narrow corridor of dunes,located between Lat. 25° 00'N Long. 42° 29'E with a length of 145 km, and a width of about 7-30 km. The study area contains about 129 plant species belonging to 103genera in 38 families. Plant communities identified from the study area include Haloxylonpersicum-Calligonumcomosum, Haloxylonsalicornicum, Acacia ehrenbergiana-Acacia tortilis, Panicumturgidum and Artemisia monosperma communities. Majority of sand dunes are dominated by monostands of Haloxylonpersicum. Annuals other than psammophytes are found mostly in iselbergs and areas between dune depressions.
4 illus, 1 table, 16 ref
Abubacker M N;Deepalakshmi T
013582 Abubacker M N;Deepalakshmi T (Biotechnology Dep, National College, Tiruchirappalli-620 001, Email: abubacker_nct@yahoo.com) : In vitro direct regeneration of Annona muricata L. from nodal explant. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2017, 14(1), 123-8.
Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae) commonly called 'soursop' also called prickly custard apple has been used in natural medicine in treating respiratory and digestive ailments. The plant has a poor fruit development and seed setting properties. To bring about proper conservation of this tree, in vitro plantlet regeneration through direct shoot regeneration and rooting protocol was achieved. In vitro callus production was achieved in leaf base explants on MS + BAP 1.5 mg/L+ 2,4-D 2.0 mg/L, callus cell morphogenesis indicated the establishment of proembryo, perfect dichotomy and shoot apices. The axillary shoot formation from nodal explants was achieved on MS + BAP 1.0 mg/L+ Kin 0.5 mg/L+ IBA 1.5 mg/Land rooting in MS + IBA 2.0 mg/L+ NAA 0.5 mg/L+ BAP 1.0 mg/L. The plantlets were acclimatized and thrived in greenhouse and then in natural environmental conditions.
3 tables, 13 ref
Vinay Kumar
012780 Vinay Kumar (Biosciences Dep, Himachal Pradesh Univ, Shimla-171 005, Email: cvinay79@gmail.com) : Effect of various physico-chemical and hormonal (GA3) on seed germination of Dioscorea deltoidea wall. ex Kunth.. Asian J Adv Basic Sci 2017, 5(1), 1-7.
Dioscorea deltoidea Wall. ex Kunth. (Dioscoreaceae) is commonly known as singli-mingli, Kins and Ganj. It grows in the North-Western Himalayas at altitudes ranging 1,000-3,500 m amsl. This medicinally important plant species is categorized as endangered. The seed viability status was almost maintained at least for 6 months. As the storage period progressed, a consistent decline in seed viability was observed. Of the various pretreatments applied, GA3 induced an early germination. Other seed effectors were also effective in promoting the seed germination. A consistent decline in seed germination was observed during the 3 years of storage period. Although there was a marked reduction in germination percentage under various physico-chemical and GA3 pretreatments, the responsiveness of seeds towards various effectors appeared to be enhanced as the storage period progressed.
4 illus, 18 ref
Naeem M;Aftab T;Idress M;Singh M;Ali A;Khan M M A;Uddin M;Varshney L
012779 Naeem M;Aftab T;Idress M;Singh M;Ali A;Khan M M A;Uddin M;Varshney L (Botany Dep, Plant Physiology Section, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Email: naeemgaur@gmail.com) : Modulation of physiological activities, active consistuents and essential oil production of Mentha arvensis L. by concomitant application of depolymerised carrageenan, triacontanol and 28-homobrassinolide. J essential Oil Res 2017, 29(2), 179-88.
Cornmint (Mentha arvensis L.) constitutes most important source of therapeutic agents used in the alternative systems of medicine. The essential oil of cornmint has wide applications in pharmaceutical, agrochemical and flavoring industries worldwide. This study was conducted to explore the individual as well as combined effect of the best foliar concentrations of gamma-irradiated carrageenan (IC), triacontanol - 154 - (TRIA) and 28-homobrassinolide (HBR) on growth, yield and quality of cornmint. Foliar application of IC, TRIA and HBR, applied individually on plants, significantly improved the plant attributes studied. However, combined application of these plant growth regulators (PGRs) was more effective compared to their individual application. In comparison to other applied treatments and the control, the combination of three PGRs (80 ppm IC + 1016 M TRIA + 10-7 M HBR) proved to be the best for most of the growth, physiological, biochemical and agronomic parameters studied. Combined application of the tested PGRs excelled the control in per plant yield of menthol, menthone and menthyl acetate by 135.9 and 134.1%, 180.0 and 161.1% and by 225.0 and 187.5% at 100 and 120 days after planting, respectively.
3 illus, 3 table, 39 ref
Jeph A
012778 Jeph A (NO, Sh. R. R. Morarka Govt. P. G. College, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan) : Ethno-medicinal uses of some plants of Sujangarh tehsil, Churu (Raj). Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(4), 25-9.
Medicinal plants studies and documentation of various uses of the plants by common man can help to pressure our traditional medicine knowledge of plants. Some Medicinal plants have Natural power to cure the disease without any side effect. Medicinal plants have been used by local people, vender native doctors and experts of Ayurvedic fields since long time in herbal and folk remedies. Some ethno medicinal plants have been selected for this research work. Different type of uses of the recorded plants are presented and discussed in this paper. The study stated that either the whole plant of different part like leaves; stem, bark, root etc. are used. They not only provide food, wood, fibre and fuel to the human beings but are also good source of medicinally important compound.
1 illus, 1 table, 11 ref
Jeph A
012777 Jeph A (Botany Dep, Shri Radheshyam R. Morarka Govt P.G. College, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan) : Biodiversity and ethnobotanical study of plants traditionally used in Jhunjhunu district: a part of Indian Thar desert. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(3), 55-60.
The variety of life on Earth, its biological diversity is commonly referred to as biodiversity. The number of species of plants, animals and micro-organism, the enormous diversity of genes in these species, the different ecosystems on the planet, such as deserts, rain forests and coral reefs are all part of biologically diverse Earth (Shah, 2014). Biodiversity is the source of most of human needs and ironically human life on the earth depends only upon few narrow spectrums of those species of plants life which provides our entire food (Khan et al., 2012).
1 illus, 31 ref
Bharti N;Ashok Kumar
012776 Bharti N;Ashok Kumar (Botany Dep, C.C.S Univ Campus, Merrut-250 004) : Responce of mycorrhiza on physiological and biochemical parameters of black gram Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2016, 5(2), 143-57.
The study was conducted to investigate the effect of different concentrations (5%, 10% and 15%) of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) (Glomus mossae) as a biofertilizer on seed - 153 - germination, plant growth and proline content in nodules and leaves of black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]. An experiment was carried out with the obtained seeds of black gram sown in field with and without mycorrhiza. The results obtained an overall increase in all the parameters in the inoculated plants than their comparable uninoculated ones. Mycorrhiza with the15% concentration, an Vigna mungo (L.) showed the higher effect on seed germination, plant growth, fresh and dry matter, protein and leghaemoglobin content as compared to 5% and10% mycorrhiza.
8 illus, 8 table, 41 ref
Arora S;Meena S
012775 Arora S;Meena S (Botany Dep, Jai Narain Vyas Univ, Jodhpur, Rajasthan) : Qualitative premilinary phtochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of root of Sarcostemma viminale (L.)R.Br., an endangered plant. Int J pharm Res Biosci 2016, 5(2), 89-100.
The present investigation was carried out to assess the qualitative phytochemical analysis of root of Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. an endangered & threatened medicinal plant by using methanol, chloroform and hexane as solvents. The extract of the root of Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. with different solvent was investigated using Perkin-Elmer gas chromatography mass spectrometry, while the mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract was matched with the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) library. Maximum % area is found for Methyl Commate B is present in maximum amount (35.35%) with RT = 46.510 min, followed by .beta.- Amyrin (13.39%) with RT = 44.277 min in the methanolic extract; LUP-20(29)-EN-3-YL Acetate is present in maximum amount (48.88%) with RT = 47.689 min, followed by 4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-Octamethyl-1,4,4a,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,9 (13.27%) with RT = 44.770 min in the chloroform extract; Methyl Commate D is present in maximum amount (57.69%) with RT = 47.373 min, followed by 4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b- Octamethyl- 1,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9 (14.50%) with RT = 44.560 min in the hexane extracts of root of Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. The present study revealed that Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. is an important plant with many therapeutically and pharmacologically active constituents justifying the use of this plant to treat many ailments.
3 illus, 5 table, 18 ref
Sisodia R;Rao I U
011588 Sisodia R;Rao I U (Botany Dep, Univ of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, Email: ramasisodia@gmail.com) : In vitro flowering in bambusa bambos (L.) Voss, an anatomical perspective. Indian J expl Biol 2017, 55(3), 171-7.
Bamboo [Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss (Syn. Bambusa arundinacea Retz.)] is an important arborescent grass with immense socio economic implications. The plant exhibits unique biological and growth characteristics including a distinct monocarpic gregarious flowering behavior. Studies on in vitro flowering in bamboo are not uncommon. The present study focuses on effect of different growth regulators on in vitro flowering in B. bambos and analyzes the morphological and developmental changes accompanying the process. Multiple shoots were raised from B. bambos seeds on MS medium supplemented with 10 μM BAP. Anatomical sections showed intense mitotic activity in the apical meristem of the main shoot and formation of additional shoot buds along the margins. For multiplication, propagules of 7-9 shoots were transferred to maintenance medium containing 5 μM BAP. Longitudinal sections of propagules showed prolific cell divisions and formation of meristemoids, which continuously gave rise to new shoots upon subculture. In vitro induction of flowering in cultures was observed in multiple shoots after 8 weeks. Transfer of multiple shoots to MS basal medium containing 10 μM NAA resulted in rooting and proliferation of inflorescences. On medium supplemented with 10 μM 2,4-D callusing and development of shoot buds and somatic embryos was followed by development of inflorescences. The report outlines a protocol that can be used to raise and proliferate flowering cultures in B. bambos.
4 illus, 2 table, 38 ref
Singh G;Saema S;Singh S;Misra P
011587 Singh G;Saema S;Singh S;Misra P (NO, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh-226 001, Email: pratibhamisra@nbri.res.in) : Effect of antioxidant system on regeneration potencial of different chemotypes of Withania somnifera (L.) dunal-A comparative analysis. Indian J expl Biol 2017, 55(4), 242-50.
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, commonly called Indian Ginseng (Ashwagandha), is an important medicinal plant having a number of chemotypes which vary in their regenerative potentiality. In the present study, regenerative potentiality of four chemotypes of W. somnifera was compared using leaf explants. The study correlated that the chemotype (NIMTLI-130) with high total phenolic content (TPC), high H2O2 concentration and low proline content was less regenerative, whereas, the chemotype (NIMTLI-101) with lesser TPC, lower H2O2 concentration and high proline content was more regenerative. NIMTLI-130 showed higher SOD, GPX and APX activity compared to NIMTLI-101, but less CAT activity as well as low proline content and a weak detoxification effect resulting in lower regeneration. The study revealed that the difference in in vitro shoot organogenesis of different chemotypes largely depends on the antioxidant protection system of the plant involving non-enzymatic compounds and activities of antioxidant enzymes.
4 illus, 2 table, 43 ref
Nazir A;Harinarayanan R
011586 Nazir A;Harinarayanan R (Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, Center for DNA fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad) : (p)ppGpp and the bacterial cell cycle. J Biosci, Bangalore 2016, 41(2), 277-82.
Genes of the Rel/Spo homolog (RSH) superfamily synthesize and/or hydrolyse the modified nucleotides pppGpp/ ppGpp (collectively referred to as (p)ppGpp) and are prevalent across diverse bacteria and in plant chloroplasts. Bacteria accumulate (p)ppGpp in response to nutrient deprivation (generically called the stringent response) and elicit appropriate adaptive responses mainly through the regulation of transcription. Although at different concentrations (p)ppGpp affect the expression of distinct set of genes, the two well-characterized responses are reduction in expression of the protein synthesis machinery and increase in the expression of genes coding for amino acid biosynthesis. In Escherichia coli, the cellular (p)ppGpp level inversely correlates with the growth rate and increasing its concentration decreases the steady state growth rate in a defined growth medium. Since change in growth rate must be accompanied by changes in cell cycle parameters set through the activities of the DNA replication and cell division apparatus, (p)ppGpp could coordinate protein synthesis (cell mass increase) with these processes. Here we review the role of (p)ppGpp in bacterial cell cycle regulation.
^iia1 illus, 58 ref
Moteetee A
011585 Moteetee A (Botany and Plant Biotechnology Dep, Univ of Johannesburg, PO Box 524. Auckland Park 2006Johannesburg, South Africa, Email: amoteetee@uj.ac.za) : Plants used for magic by Basotho people in comparison with other cultural groups in southern africa. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2017, 16(2), 229-34.
Based on comprehensive literature survey and my own observations while growing up in Lesotho, this paper presents an evaluation of plants utilized as magic charms by the Basotho people (residing both in Lesotho and the Free State Province of South Africa), these uses are in turn compared to other cultures in southern Africa, particularly South Africa. The Basotho people make use of a total of 197 plant species for magic purposes. The plants are used for a wide range of magic purposes ranging from love philtres to good luck charms, charms to turn enemy bullets into water, as well as protective charms, but can also be used to inflict harm. The highest number of species are used as protective charms (47), with divination (including initiation of diviners) second (35), and charms against lightning, thunder and hail third (33). Surprisingly, of the 197 species recorded, only seven are also used as magic charms by other cultural groups in southern Africa, especially the Tswana, Xhosa and Zulu people.
^iia26 ref
Mishra D P;Chourasia H K
011584 Mishra D P;Chourasia H K (Botany Dep, Sabour College, Sobour-813 210, Email: dhananjaypdmishra@gmail.com) : Quantitative estimation of protein and minerals in the selected cultivars of Vicia faba. J Crop Weed 2017, 13(1), 46-50.
Vicia faba provides an excellent source of vegetable protein, aminoacids and minerals, as an essential supplement of cerealbased human diet and is being also used as feed and fodder, showing an appreciable nutritional value of this crop. Twelve Vicia faba cutivars have been analysed to evaluate the protein and minerals content. The protein percentage of different cultivars included in this study have 30 to 32 per cent or more than this. Estimation of alkali earth metals like Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Cd, alkali metals like Na, K, Pb and transitional elements like Mn, Fe, Cobalt, Nickel and Zinc were also taken up. Results obtained on the ground of quantitative estimation of these classified minerals have been shown that certain minerals are very essential and significant whereas fortunately certain minerals have been found to have poor amount in all the taxa and someone causes toxicity after a critical limit. Results from the presence of protein and minerals either in high amount or in less amount in the selected taxa of Vicia faba can serve very important and extremely needful for the selection of cultivars regarding the taxonomic and chemical divergence for further utilization.
5 tables, 21 ref
Liu F H;Hu H R;Du G H;Deng G;Yang Y
011583 Liu F H;Hu H R;Du G H;Deng G;Yang Y ( Laboratory of Plant Improvement and Utilization, School of Agriculture, Yunnan Univ, 2No. North Cuihu Lake Road, Kunming-650 091, China, Email: dmzpynu@126.com) : Ethnobotanical research on origin, cultivation, distribution and utilization of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in China. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2017, 16(2), 235-42.
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a dioecious and annual herbaceous plant in family Cannabinaceae, with more than 30 local names in China such as flame hemp, string hemp, cold hemp, dew hemp and yellow hemp, etc. China is one of the native habitats of hemp and is the oldest country cultivating and utilizing hemp, with a history over 10,000 to 12,000 years. Hemp widely distributes in China, was mainly used for textiles, foods, paper and medicine from very early time, and became a very important crop of the ancient China. Based on a number of archaeological discoveries, ancient Chinese literatures and records, this paper summarized the knowledge about the origin, geographical distribution, cultivation and utilization of hemp in the ancient China, and concluded that China is the most conceivable origin center of hemp.
80 ref
Kayiran S D;Ozkan E E
011582 Kayiran S D;Ozkan E E (Pharmaceutical Botany Dep, Cukurova Univ Faculty of Pharmacy, 01330 Adana, Turkey, Email: sdmirci@cu.edu.tr) : Ethnobotanical uses of Hyacinthacea species growing in Turkey and a review of pharmacological activities. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2017, 16(2), 243-50.
The Hyacinthaceae families have long been used in traditional medicine for a wide range of medicinal applications. This, together with some significant toxicity to livestock has led to the chemical composition of many of the species being investigated. The Hyacinthaceae family has represented 9 genera and 140 taxa of which 77 are endemic to Turkey. Especially species of Hyacinthaceae family have been mostly used as medicinal, for the treatment of rheumatism, cardiac, urinary infection, dermatological, stomach, hemorrhoid and prostate disease. An overview of the accessible 59 ethnobotany articles and 27 phytochemistry articles published since 1979 up to 2015 has been carried out. The most important databases have been consulted. All related works have been examined. This study is a review having traditional uses belonging to Turkish species and pharmacological activities of the Hyacinthaceae family in the world.
^iia2 illus, 1 table, 66 ref
Goggi A;Malpathak N
011581 Goggi A;Malpathak N (Botany Dep, Savitribai Phule Pune Univ, Pune, Maharashtra, Email: mpathak@unipune.ac.in) : Antioxidant activities of root, stem and leaves of vernonia cinerea (L) less.. Free Radical Antioxidant 2017, 7(2), 178-83.
Vernonia cinerea (L) Less has ethnomedicinal importance and is well known for its anti-inflammatory and anticancerous properties. Present study investigates antioxidant activity of various crude extracts prepared from different organs of plant such as Root, Stem and Leaves using polar and nonpolar solvents. The antioxidant activity was determined using different methods which includes radical scavenging assays (DPPH and ABTS) and phosphomolybdenum assay. LC- MS profiling was performed for the extracts showing maximum antioxidant activity to identify bioactive constituents. Difference was observed in the antioxidant activities of extracts by different methods. Significant (P
3 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref
Bhavini Kumari;Das P;Kumari R
011580 Bhavini Kumari;Das P;Kumari R (Chemistry Dep , IIT Patna, Patna, Email: drrekhap@gmail.com) : Accelerated processing of solitary and clustered abasic site DNA damage lesions by APE1 in the presence of aqueous extract of Ganoderma lucidum. J Biosci, Bangalore 2016, 41(2), 265-75.
The stimulatory effect of the aqueous extract of G. lucidum, a basidiomycetes class fungus in the APE 1 -enzyme-mediated processing of solitary and bistranded clustered abasic sites DNA damages is presented. Abasic sites are considered the most common type of DNA damage lesions. Our study shows enhanced activity of APE1 in the processing of abasic sites in the presence of the polysaccharides fraction of G. lucidum. Remarkable increase in the amount of single-strand breaks (SSBs) and double-strand breaks (DSBs) from solitary and bistranded clustered abasic sites respectively with APE1 in the presence of the extract was found. This trend is maintained when abasic sites in DNA oligomers are exposed to fibroblast cell extracts in the presence of the extract. While DNA conformational alteration is negligible, APE1 enzyme shows characteristic changes in the alpha helix and beta strand ratio after incubation with G. lucidum extract. The enhanced reactivity of APE1 at the molecular level in the presence of G. lucidium is attributed to this effect. This study potentially amplifies the scope of the use of G. lucidum, which was earlier shown to have only reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging properties with regards to DNA damage inhibition.
5 illus, 1 table, 46 ref
Bamigboye Samuel O;Tshisikhawe Peter M;Taylor Peter J
011579 Bamigboye Samuel O;Tshisikhawe Peter M;Taylor Peter J (Botany Dep, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Univ of Venda, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa, Email: reachtoba@gmail.com ) : Detecting threats to Encephalartos transvenosus (Limpopo cycad) in Limpopo province, South africa through indigenous knowledge. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2017, 16(2), 251-5.
Indigenous knowledge contains valuable information which is often essential to biodiversity and species conservation. The traditional knowledge of people in local communities can enhance conservation policies and planning and also reveal local perspectives in relation to endangered species. Cycads as a vascular plant group contain the highest percentage of threatened plant species, at global, regional, national and community levels. In this study we focused on Encephalartos transvenosus Stapf & Burtt Davy, a cycad species endemic to Limpopo province in South Africa. Despite every effort to conserve this highly endangered species the threats keep increasing and the population keep decreasing. Through indigenous knowledge, we discovered a location of this species not yet conserved within Vhembe district on the Soutpansberg mountain range in Limpopo province, South Africa. Practices such as bark harvesting, and uprooting of young seedlings were discovered at this population. All these practices noticed at this location are detrimental to in situ conservation of the cycads. This study hereby revealed that indigenous knowledge has a great role in cycads' conservation. Through the local communities, factors that are threatening cycads existence can be determined and the local community can also be integrated in effective conservation plan that discourage illegal harvesting of cycads.
3 illus, 1 table, 33 ref
Agnihotri P;Husain T;Shirke P A;Sidhu O P; Singh H;Dixit V;Khuroo A A;Amla D V;Nautiyal C S
011578 Agnihotri P;Husain T;Shirke P A;Sidhu O P; Singh H;Dixit V;Khuroo A A;Amla D V;Nautiyal C S (Plant Diversity, Systematics and Harbarium Div, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, Email: nautiyalnbri@lycos.com) : Climate change-driven shifts in elevation and ecophysiological traits of Himalayan plants during the past century. Curr Sci 2017, 112(3), 595-601.
As broad-scale distributions of plants are shaped by climatic conditions, changes of climate necessarily result in shifts of distributional limits. These shifts are closely coupled with changes in plant ecophysiology, growth and productivity. Among environments subjected to the highest increase in temperature in the last decade and the greatest expected warming predicted for the future, high-mountain biomes belong to the most frequently considered. Evidence for distributional shifts has been mostly documented in European and American mountains, while the largest and highest mountainous areas are located in Asia. The present study aims to detect climate change-driven shifts in elevation and ecophysiological traits of endemic herb species of Himalaya with the help of herbarium specimens as potential tool. We observed significant rapid upward elevational shift of 55.2 m/decade compared to average global shifting of 6.1 m/decade and impulsive variations in secondary metabolite concentration. Significant negative relationship was found for stomatal density, δ13C with the lapse of years. Analysis of instrumental temperature data reveals an increase of 0.31°C in mean maximum and 0.79°C in mean minimum temperature during the last century.
2 illus, 2 tables, 38 ref
Tuyakova A T;Imanbayeva A A;Duysenova N I; Ishmuratova M Y
010553 Tuyakova A T;Imanbayeva A A;Duysenova N I; Ishmuratova M Y (Mangyshlak Experimental Botanical garden, 10th Micro-region, Aktau 130000, Kazakhstan) : Anatomical structure stuty of aerial oragsns of Crataegus ambigua C.A.Mey. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(3), 1303-9.
The purpose of the present research was to study the peculiarities of the anatomical structure of some vegetative and genesic organs of Crataegus ambigua C.A.Mey. growing in the territory of Mangistau region. The findings of investigation allowed determining that the annual sprouts and pedicel of this species have a primary anatomical structure with the transition to secondary growth. Leaf of the Crataegus ambigua is of a dorsoventral type of light mesophytic structure, hypostomatic in terms of stomata arrangement. The fetal epidermis is presented by polygonal cells of the epidermis without additional elements. The pulp consists of large and loosely-arranged parenchymal cells. The epidermis of the corolla is represented by oval thick-walled cells. The pericarp of the seed consists of three well-defined layers (exocarp, mesocarp and endocarp). The corcule occupies the entire internal cavity. In terms of the cover and pulp structure, Crataegus ambigua has a structure similar to other species. Characteristic features for this species are the shape and the arrangement of the main cells of the epidermis, stomata and simple unicellular trichomes.
8 illus, 26 ref
Seetharam D S;Ramakrishna H;Prabhakar R; Narmada D
010552 Seetharam D S;Ramakrishna H;Prabhakar R; Narmada D (Botany Dep, Palaeobotany and Palynology Research laboratory, university college of Science, Saifabad-500 004) : Aeropalyological study of Spider Webs from University College of Science, Saifabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana State. Bioinfolet 2017, 14(2), 113-17.
The present paper deals with an aeropalynological study of University College of Science, Saifabad Campus, Osmania University, Hyderabad by using palynological data collected from the spider webs during winter season i.e. November, 2014. Nine spider web samples were collected from all corners of college premises and 39 pollen grains were identified along with fungal spores. The predominant pollen grains were those of Peltophorum pterocarpum, Ageratum conyzoides, Tridax procumbens, Prosopis julifera, Cocos nucifera, Pithecolobium dulce, whereas the spores of fungi i.e. Alternaria sp., Ascospores, Torula sp. and Curvularia sp were observed. Several pollen grains and fungal spores, reported during present study are known to be allergenic. The investigation revealed that spider webs act as natural pollen traps, and are useful to know the incidence of allergy causing pollen during winter season.
24 illus, 1 table, 7 ref
Pattanayak S;Mandal T K;Bandyopadhyay S K
010551 Pattanayak S;Mandal T K;Bandyopadhyay S K (ARD (Microbiology), Institute of Animal Health & Veterinary Biologicals(R&T), 37, Belgachia Road, Kolkata-700 037, Email: pattanayak1966@gmail.com) : Validation and therapeutic use of cucculent plant parts - opening of a new horizon of alternative medicine. Explor Anim med Res 2016, 6(1), 8-14.
The history of use of plants for medicinal purposes is very old. In the ancient civilizations, the crude plant parts were mostly used in such purposes. In the ongoing research, solvent extracted parts of the plants are validated for their reported efficacy with an intention to - 71 - identify the active principles for production of those at a large scale to use them commercially as medicines. This contemporary method may be added with validation of reported medicinal plants at their fresh, succulent form with all the available principles within them. The validated medicinal plants may be used in many purposes after performing studies related with toxicity, dose etc. Organic animal farms may be created by using fresh inputs of the added medicinal plant garden, replacing the inorganic medicines. Commercialization of succulent medicinal plant part extracts may be performed by export oriented agro-medicine business with the assistance of different cooling systems.
16 ref
Pattanayak S;Mandal T K;Bandyopadhyay S K
010550 Pattanayak S;Mandal T K;Bandyopadhyay S K (NO, Institute of Animal Health & Veterinary Biologicals(R&T), 37, Belgachia Road, Kolkata-700 037, Email: pattanayak1966@gmail.com) : Ethnomedicinal study of plants used for protection and stimulation of liver in southern West Bengal, India. Explor Anim med Res 2016, 6(2), 164-78.
Liver is considered as the main internal organ related with various aspects of digestion and restoration of sound health by many tribal and non tribal rural people of West Bengal, India. Information related with use of various plant parts for protection and stimulation of liver were collected from three southern districts of West Bengal, India with different agro-climatic conditions viz. Paschim Medinipur, Purba Medinipur, and Murshidabad. A total of nineteen plants and combinational use of another three plants are identified and the practiced methods of their uses with dose are documented and with the help of available literatures, the previously reported uses of these medicinal plants are analyzed in that perspective.
1 illus, 56 ref
Pandey A;Singh S
010549 Pandey A;Singh S (Univ School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha Univ, New Delhi, Email: pandeyamit43@yahoo.com) : Aloe vera: a systematic review of its industrial and ethno-medicinal efficacy. Int J pharm Res Allied Sci 2016, 5(1), 21-33.
Aloe vera belongs to the family Xanthorrhoeaceae (APG III System, 2009) commonly known as Ghrit Kumari, is the oldest medicinal plant ever known and the most applied medicinal plant worldwide. Aloe Vera is used for vigor, wellness and medicinal purposes since rigvedic times. Health benefits of aloe vera include its application in wound healing, treating burns, minimizing frost bite damage, protection against skin damage from x-rays, lung cancer, intestinal problems, Increasing High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), reducing Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), reducing blood sugar in diabetics, fighting Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), allergies and improving immune system. Phyto-chemistry of aloe vera gel has revealed the presence of more than 200 bioactive chemicals. Aloe Vera gel is extracted from its leaves and appropriate processing techniques are needed for stabilization as well as preparation of the end products. Aloe Vera Gel contains important ingredients including 19 of the 20 amino acids needed by the human body and seven of the eight essential ones that just cannot be made. In industries Aloe Vera is also used to extract liver tonic. The present research article is an effort towards the industrial and ethnobotanical properties of Aloe Vera.
^iia7 illus, 2 tables, 82 ref
Mostefai A;Stambouli-Meziane H
010548 Mostefai A;Stambouli-Meziane H (NO, Tlemcen Univ, Faculty of Science, Ecology and Environment, Ecology laboratory and Natural Ecosystem Management, Email: amina_bio13@hotmail.fr ) : Groups of Rosmarinum officinalis in litorral of Tlemcen region: phytosociological aspects and phytoecological. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(3), 1595-1600.
This study is devoted to the analysis groups to Rosmarinus officinalis in the coastal region of Tlemcen. The interpretation by the correspondence analysis (A.F.C.) allowed us to identify groups based Rosmarinus officinalis in the coastline and especially in direct relation with limestone and siliceous substrate. Rosmarinus officinalis presents a wide ecological spectrum belongs to the class of Ononido-Rosmarinetea on limestone substrate, in Cisto-Lavanduletea on siliceous substrate and finally Rosmarinea officinalis on a substrate mixture. Using - 70 - phytosociological and phytodynamiques data, we could understand the evolution of this vegetation, and diversity.
7 illus, 7 ref
Kulmitra A K;Sanath Kumar V B
010547 Kulmitra A K;Sanath Kumar V B (Plant Pathology Dep, Agricultural Sciences Univ, Bangalore-560 065, Email: akhilesh.patho@gmail.com) : In vitro evaluation of plant extracts against Pyricularia oryzae (Cav.) causing rice blast disease. J mycopathol Res 2017, 55(2), 187-9.
In vitro studies of plant extracts against rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae (Cav.). The plant species evaluated were Azadirachta indica (Juss.), Eucalyptus globulus (L.), Jatropha curcas, Ocimum sanctum (L.), Tegetes erecta, Allium cepa and Allium sativum. Antifungal activity was tested at concentration of 5, 10 and 15% of plant extracts, using the poisoned food technique. Among the extracts of seven botanicals, highest per cent inhibition of mycelial growth of fungus was recorded in garlic clove extract (89.73, 98.27 and 98.57%) at all the concentration tested with mean of 95.52 per cent followed by onion bulb extract with the inhibition of 89.10, 93.13 and 97.40 per cent respectively with mean of 93.21 percent. Minimum inhibition was observed in marigold leaf extract, with 25.37, 28.8 and 29.53 per cent inhibition at 5, 10 and 15 per cent concentration respectively with a mean of 27.90 per cent, in general, the inhibition of radial growth of fungus increased with increase in concentration of each plant extracts.
2 illus, 2 tables, 4 ref
Ishmuratova M Y;Imanbayeva A A;Tuyakova A T; Kopbaeva G B
010546 Ishmuratova M Y;Imanbayeva A A;Tuyakova A T; Kopbaeva G B (NO, , Mangyshlak Experimental Botanical Garden, 10th Micro-region, Aktau 100000, Kazakhstan) : Study of common licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) reserves in Atyrau and Western-Kazakhstan regions. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(3), 1429-34.
The goal of the present work is to identify marketable thickets of common licorice (Glycyrrhiza Glabra) in the territory of Atyrau and West Kazakhstan regions (Western Kazakhstan) and estimation of the licorice raw reserves. Common licorice is a valuable drug plant used in medicine as an expectorant, anti-inflammatory and viral inactivating agent. Previously, the main places of harvesting licorice roots were located in the territory of Southern Kazakhstan. To expand information about raw reserves of liquorice roots, sand areas and river valleys of Western Kazakhstan were studied. Growth of licorice as part of the licorice-wormwood, sedge-forb meadow and grass-forb associations was noted on the territory of Atyrau and Western Kazakhstan regions. Common licorice raw reserves are identified in the area of 899.0 hectares, while exploitable volume is estimated at 5060.1 tons. The amount of possible annual collection of the air-dry licorice raw reaches 506.0 tons.
3 illus, 4 tables, 21 ref
Dogra D;Awasthi C P
010545 Dogra D;Awasthi C P (Botany Dep, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014) : Biochemical composition of promising leaves genotypes of buckwheat grown in Himachal Pradesh. J appl nat Sci 2017, 9(2), 875-8.
Buckwheat originated from China and being cultivated all over the world, and has become a prominent pseudocereal. Among the pseudocereals (amaranthus, buckwheat and quinoa), buckwheat plant is economically important primarily due to their carbohydrate and protein rich grains, short growth span; besides foliage being used as a green vegetable and commercial source of the glycoside rutin used in medicine. In the present study, an attempt was made to evaluate the biochemical constituents of nutritional and nutraceutical significance of fourteen promising leaves genotypes of common buckwheat grown in Sangla region by following standard procedures. Wide variations in moisture content, crude protein, fat, ash, crude fiber, carbohydrates, ascorbic acid, oxalate and in vitro protein digestibility were observed to range from 87.4 to 92.2%, 22.4 to 30.4%, 1.8 to 3.7%, 10.6 to 15.4%, 12.0 to 13.9%, 34.8 to 42.4%, 25.0 to 29.2 mg/100g, 1375 to 1390 mg/100g and 53.4 to 65.1% in that order. The content of minerals such as potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, zinc, manganese and copper varied from 1767.5 to 2035.0 mg/100g, 808 to 910 mg/100g, 394 to 409 mg/100g, 232.0 to 248.2 mg/100g, 3.1 to 6.1 mg/100g, 20.4 to 29.8 mg/100g and 0.2 to 1.4 mg/100g respectively. Based on cumulative grading done in respect of nutritionally desirable quality i.e., protein, ash, crude fiber, carbohydrates, ascorbic acid, in vitro protein digestibility, calcium, phosphorus, iron and oxalate content, the genotype IC-323731 followed by Kullugangetri and VL-27 emerged out to be overall superior versatile cultivars for cultivation under dry temperate climate.
3 illus, 1 table, 20 ref
Veena Kumari;Sharma N
009615 Veena Kumari;Sharma N (Botany Dep, University of Jammu, Jammu-180 006, Email: phyllanthus@rediffmail.com) : Unique pollen reception in Tephrosia purpurea (Linn.) Pers., a tropical weed of family Papilionacea. Curr Sci 2017, 112(1), 30-2.
1 illus, 21 ref
Vaidya M
009614 Vaidya M (S.V.K.M.'s Mithibai College, Ville-Parle West, Mumbai-400 056) : Study of stomata in fifteen species of Litsaea Lamk. of family lauraceae. Asian J biochem pharm Res 2016, 6(1), 1-11.
Cuticular features of Lauraceae were studied in the early twentieth century. Litsaea Lamk. belongs to family Lauraceae. The mature stomata of 15 species of Litsaea are studied. The leaves are hypostomatic. The stomata are absent on the upper epidermis. The stomata are present only on the lower epidermis. The types of stomata observed in the studied species of Litsaea are paracytic, anomocytic, anisocytic, brachyparacytic, hemiparacytic, brachyparatetracytic and amphiparacytic type. These features help in the identification of the species as the morphological key of this genus is based on development of anther. Thus we can make use of anatomy as a tool for the identification of the species of this genus Litsaea.
30 illus, 1 table, 21 ref
Sudhir S P;Deshmukh V O;Verma H N
009613 Sudhir S P;Deshmukh V O;Verma H N (Life Sciences Dep, Jaipur National Univ, Jaipur, Email: spsjapurnationaluniversity@gmail.com) : Nigella sativa seed, a novel beauty care ingredient. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(8), 3185-96.
Nigella sativa seed is one of the spices, which is referred by Prophet Mohammed as a herb of blessing, which can cure everything other than death. Therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa seed has been very well studied by many researchers, but its use in cosmetic science is not very well studied. Nigella sativa seed is intensively studied for its chemical composition. It is reported to contains Thymoquinone, Nigellimine-N-oxide, Nigellicine, Nigellidine, Nigellone, Dithymoquinone, Thymohydroquinone, Thymol, Arvacrol, 6-methoxy-coumarin, 7-hydroxy-coumarin, Oxy-coumarin, Alpha-hedrin, Steryl-glucoside, Tannins, Flavinoids, Essential fatty acids, Essential amino acids, Ascorbic acid, Iron and calcium. Presence of these natural actives makes Nigella sativa seed as great medicinal herb. Nigella sativa seed has antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-aging, hair growth promoter, sun protection, anti cancer activity, which make it a novel ingredient for many cosmetic preparations. This review brings the comprehensive compilation of researches on Nigella sativa seed in the area of cosmetics and related fields.
^iia52 ref
Subramoniam A
009612 Subramoniam A (NO, Herbal Drug Research, T.C. 14/80 (2), Anayara (P.O.), Thiruvananthapuram-695 029, Email: asubramoniam@yahoo.com) : Food from plants with antiarthritic properties. Ann Phytomed 2016, 5(1), 1-5.
Arthritis is a systemic inflammatory disease, affecting mainly joints. There are 2 major types of arthritis, namely; rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). RA is a chronic multisystem disease, affecting usually peripheral joints and characterized by hyper-activity of certain immune reactions, persistent synovitis with diffuse proliferation and, in most of the cases, deposition of auto-antibodies to immunoglobulins (rheumatoid factor). OA, the most common type of arthritis, is a failure of joint protective mechanism or failure to repair joint injury in the elderly. In the case of severe arthritis, conventional modern medicine is devoid of a satisfactory treatment. The available therapies for arthritis are aimed at reducing the symptoms (pain, inflammation, damage to articular structure, etc.). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and simple analgesics are used to treat arthritis. The major side effect of NSAIDs is gastro-duodenal ulceration. Immune suppressive and cytotoxic drugs in use to treat RA may ameliorate the disease process in some patients. But they cause a variety of toxic side effects. In traditional medicine, numerous medicinal plants and their polyherbal formulation as well as medicinal foods are used to treat RA and OA. Nutraceutical is used to describe an ingredient of diet including isolated compound or any product derived from food sources that provides extra health benefits in addition to the basic nutritional value found in foods. Arthritis can be delayed, controlled and/or prevented with the dietary supplements, containing antiarthritic plant foods (nutraceuticals). Antiarthritic plant foods, when consumed regularly to the optimum level, could be extremely safe and effective without the adverse effects of currently used NSAIDs and immune-suppressors. Antiarthritic foods or drinks include the leaf extract of Camellia sinensis, inner bark of Cinnamomum verum (spice), leaves and seeds of Coriander sativum, rhizome of Curcuma longa (spice and an ingrident of many dishes), carrot (tuberous root of Daucus carota), ripe fruit peel and unripe fruit of mango (Mangifera indica), fruits of Piper nigrum (king of spices) and Piper longum, fruit of Punica granatum, black berry or black plum (Syzygium cumini fruit), seeds of Trigonella foenumgraecum (spice and an ingredient of many dishes), and rhizome of Zingiber officinale. Since arthritis condition exhibits inflammation of joints, pain, oxidatiove stress and hyperimmune reactions (particularly in the case of rheumatoid arthritis), plant food with high levels of one or more of these properties could ameliorate the symptoms of arthritis. Other pharmacological properties of these food stuffs are to be considered for their proper use as food medicines/nutraceuticals. Pure chemical entity nutraceuticals with antiarthritis properties include chlorophyll-a and its degradation products, curcumin, epicatechin, mangiferin, quercetin and β-sitosterol. These compounds (nutraceuticals) or food stuffs containing these compounds (also known as nutraceuticals) can be judiciously used, considering their mechanisms of action, if known. The mechanisms of action of some of the nutraceuticals mentioned above are known. For example, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of curcumin includes inhibition of cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases; chlorophyll-a and its degradation products exhibit antiarthritis action, primarily by the inhibition of TNF-α production. Further, studies are required to determine the amount (dose) and combinations of plant foods to be consumed for better efficacy against RA and OA.
159 ref
Rasool S;Khan M H;Hamid S;Sultan P;Qazi P H; Butt T
009611 Rasool S;Khan M H;Hamid S;Sultan P;Qazi P H; Butt T (Agronomist, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Sanatnagar, Srinager-190 005, Email: msrasool@iiim.ac.in) : Overview and economical importance of few selected endangered medicinal plants grown in Jammu and Kashmir region of India. Ann Phytomed 2016, 5(2), 27-37.
Medicinal plants as a group comprise approximately 8000 species and account for around 50% of all the higher flowering plant species of India. Millions of rural households use medicinal plants in a self-help mode. Over one and a half million practitioners of the Indian System of Medicine in the oral and codified streams use medicinal plants in preventive, promotive and curative applications. In recent years, the growing demand for herbal product has led to a quantum jump in volume of plant materials traded within and across the countries. Further, in view of the side effects of synthetic drugs coupled with their high cost of production, medicinal plants have become major sectors of trade and commerce and are significantly contributing to the socioeconomic developments of certain developed and developing countries. Though India has a rich biodiversity, the growing demand is putting a heavy strain on the existing resources. Among various States of India, Jammu and Kashmir State has a rich diversity of medicinal plants because it provides a diverse type of habitats for their growth. Kashmir valley represents the temperate region, Jammu area represents sub-tropical and tropical and Ladakh as cold desert region. More than 50% of plant based medicines prescribed in British Pharmacopoeia are growing in Jammu and Kashmir State. In the present paper, 13 important medicinal plants, viz., Achillea millefolium L., Aconitum heterophyllum Wall.ex Royle, Artemisia absinthium L., Asplenuim adiantum-nigrum L., Berberis lycium Royle, Cydonia oblonga Miller, Delphinium denudatum Wall.ex. H&T, Picrorhiza kurroa Royle.ex. Benth, Podophyllum hexandrum Royle, Prunella vulgaris L., Salix caprea L., Taraxacum officinale Webber. and Viola odorata L. with attributes to traditional system of medicine and their use by local population in primary health care have been described. The vernacular names, distribution pattern, folk use, use in traditional system of medicine (TSM), phytochemical constituents isolated and characterized in each plant species are discussed. The present status, in State of nature of each plant species based on ethnobotanical exploration made by authors from time to time and future prospects for commericial cultivation is discussed.
98 ref
Rajya Lakshmi K;Supraja M;Mounika M;Srinivasa Babu P
009610 Rajya Lakshmi K;Supraja M;Mounika M;Srinivasa Babu P (Pharmaceutical Chemistry Dep, Vignan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi, Guntur (Dt), Andhra Pradesh, Email: drkrl3579@gmail.com) : Review on hypoglycamic activity of different extracts of various medicinal plants. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(8), 3173-84.
Diabetes mellitus is the common metabolic disorder seen in 2.8% of the world's population. It is expected to cross 5.4% by 21st century. It is one of the causes of death in this 21st century. Since many years, herbal medicines are used as a source of medicine in Ayurveda and also in some traditional systems of medicine. Ayurveda and other traditional systems have textual evidence about the uses of medicinal plants to cure various types of diabetes in human beings. Thousands of plant species has shown the therapeutic efficacy to control diabetes. As the usage of natural medicinal plants can have lesser side effects when compared with the synthetic drugs. This review mainly aims to know about various plant species in India and all around the world that are used in curing Diabetes Mellitus.
^iia27 ref
PadmaPriya N;Poonguzhali T V
009609 PadmaPriya N;Poonguzhali T V (Botany Dep, Queen Mary's College, Chennai-600 004) : Antioxidant potentials of aqueous and acetone IPS extracts of Gracilaria crassa. Asian J biochem pharm Res 2017, 7(1), 34-42.
With the increasing demand of functional foods with antioxidant properties it is necessary to establish new sources such as macro algae which could provide beneficial effects to human health. The present study was evaluated for antioxidant potentials of Gracilaria crassa. Results revealed that Gracilaria crassa significantly recorded the highest IC50 value in acetone than aqueous extracts. Hence it is noteworthy that both aqueous and acetone IPS extracts of Gracilaria crassa hold promising antioxidant potentials.
5 illus, 29 ref
Mirhoseini M;Moradi M T;Samani M A
009608 Mirhoseini M;Moradi M T;Samani M A (Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord Univ of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran, Email: biology_2011@yahoo.com) : Traditionally used medicinal plants in the treatment of kidney stone: a review on ethnobotanical studies in Iran. Ambient Sci 2016, 3(2), 16-21.
Urinary tract stone are considered as the third leading disease of the urinary tract, which is still increasing in prevalence mainly due to ever-changing dietary and lifestyle. Kidney stone removal treatments never give a guarantee against the recurrence of stone and the employed technique may lead to certain side effects. It is thus, necessary to develop a medical prophylactic program to prevent stone recurrence. This review is to identify and report the plants that are used for prevention and treatment of kidney stone in traditional culture from various regions of Iran. We found 56 plants which belong to the 23 floral families are in use as traditional medicine, to specifically treat kidney stone in Iran. Most of the reported plants were from Asteraceae and Rosaceae families with respective 12 and 6 species. Though most of the plants evaluated in this study contain phenolic compounds, their effects in treating nephrolithiasis may be explained antioxidant activities.
1 illus, 1 table, 45 ref
Manoharachery C;Nagaraju D
009607 Manoharachery C;Nagaraju D (Mycology and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Botany Dep, Osmania Univ, Hyderabad-500 007, Email: enchary@gmail.com) : Medicinal plants for human health and welfare. Ann Phytomed 2016, 5(1), 24-34.
The utilization of medicinal plants is known since times immemorial. The utility of medicinal plants played important role in Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and also in modern medicine. 80% of world population utilizes drugs, derived from medicinal plants for their health security. Africa, India and other countries have rich floristics yielding herbal drugs. The world market includes herbal drugs, pharmaceuticals, fragrances, flavors, dyes and other ingredients and their marketing exceeds several billion dollars per year. This review adds worthy information on medicinal plants and their curative properties. This review also adds valuable information on plants used by tribals, marketing, ethnobotanical aspects, usage of medicinal plants in wound healing, as antidiabetics and also as antimicrobials.
6 tables, 17 ref
Lone P A;Bhardwaj A K;Bahar F A;Shah K W
009606 Lone P A;Bhardwaj A K;Bahar F A;Shah K W (Botany Dep, Government Narmada Post Graduate College, Hoshangabad-461 001, Email: parvaizphd@gmail.com) : Rare study on indigenous uses of medicinal plant home-made remedies for the treatment of chilblains in Bandipora, Kashmir, India. Ann Phytomed 2016, 5(1), 135-41.
Chilblains or perniosis is a common health disorder of people living in cold and humid climate. The disease occurs due to sudden warming of the skin after exposure to cold temperatures. The temperature change causes the blood vessels to quickly expand, leading to leakage of blood into the nearby tissues. The symptoms of the disorder include burning sensation, intense itching, redness on the affected area, pain, swelling, inflammation, and dryness. In severe cases, affected areas may develop blisters and infection and ulceration can also set in. Bandipora, a northern biodiversity rich temperate Himalayan district of Jammu and Kashmir state, experiences heavy snowfall during harsh winters when minimum temperature falls a few degrees below freezing point. Local people of the district often fall victim of this cold related body disorder (chilblains). Though allopathic medicine against this ailment is sufficiently available in markets but the local people have not yet lost their faith on herbal medicine and still prefer to practice traditional mode of treatment. Present paper gives a detailed account on some home-made herbal remedies that are still used by the local populace of district, to reduce the intensity of symptoms or discomfort of this disease. Moreover, it is through this study that the people can take advantage by knowing the efficacy of a particular medicinal plant against chilblains. The medicinal plants, documented in this study, can also be subjected to phytochemical and pharmacological studies so that active principles against various pharmacological targets can be discovered and isolated.
2 illus, 1 table, 27 ref
Krishna B
009605 Krishna B (Botanical Survey of India, Ministry of Environment & Forest, Govt. of India; Present address : Shiv Niketan, M. P. Sinha Road, Kodamkuan, Patna-800 003) : Note on the Sanjay Gandhi Biological Park, Patna, Bihar. Bionotes 2016, 18(3), 98.
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Kotebagilu N P;Palvai V R;Urooj A
009604 Kotebagilu N P;Palvai V R;Urooj A (Studies in Food Science and Nutrition, Mysore Univ, Manasagangotri, Mysuru-570 006, Email: asnaurooj@foodsci.uni-mysore.ac.in) : Medicinal plants of the Western ghats as possible inhibitors of oxidation in various biological lipid substrates. Ann Phytomed 2016, 5(2), 118-23.
Medicinal plants are nature's fighters against several degenerative diseases. The reverse pharmacological approach focuses on traditional knowledge on the usage of medicinal plants for various diseases and revalidating the effect using modern techniques. The Western ghats of Southern India has sheltered a wide range of medicinal plants. The objective of this research work was to evaluate the oxidation inhibiting ability of aqueous extract of four medicinal plants from the Western ghats, namely; Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees, Costus speciosus (Koen.) Sm., Canthium parviflorum Lam. and Abrus precatorius L. in biological lipid substrates, viz., cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and brain homogenate. The IC50 values of the plant extracts were calculated and the correlation between the phytochemicals and the antioxidant effect exhibited was studied. From the results, it was observed that, the inhibition of oxidation by the aqueous extract of all the four medicinal plants, followed the order cholesterol
4 illus, 2 tables, 36 ref
Khatoon A;Mohapatra A;Satapathy K B
009603 Khatoon A;Mohapatra A;Satapathy K B (P.G. Dep of Botany, Utkal Univ, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar-751 004, Email: kbs_bot@rediffmail.com) : Studies on in vitro evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Sterculia foetida L. bark. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(7), 2990-5.
The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant potential of n-hexane and methanolic extracts of Sterculia foeida L. bark. The antibacterial potential of Sterculia foetida L. bark was tested against human pathogens causing diarrhoea and dysentery such as Shigella flexneri (MTCC-9543), Salmonella enterica ser typhi (MTCC-733), Bacillus subtilis (MTCC-1305), Streptococcus mitis (MTCC-2897), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC-109) and Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-1430) by using agar well diffusion method. The result of the study revealed that n-hexane extract was highly effective against Shigella flexneri, whereas Klebsiella pneumoniae showed no response and Salmonella enterica ser typhi, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus mitis, Staphylococcus aureus responded moderately. The methnolic extract had high inhibition against Salmonella enterica ser typhi (15.16 ± 0.20 mm) whereas Shigella flexneri showed no response and moderate effect against other test bacteria. The antioxidant activity by DPPH scavenging method resulted in significant antioxidant potential of n-hexane and methanolic extracts with IC50 value of 51.26 and 66.84 respectively. Ciprofloxacin was taken as the reference antibiotic.
22 ref
Kadim M K;Arsad S
009602 Kadim M K;Arsad S (Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, State Gorontalo Univ, Indonesia, Email: sulastriarsad@ub.ac.id) : Distrubution and abundance of microalgae based on coastal characteristic and ecology in Bone Bolango coastal region, Indonesia. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2016, 18(2), 395-401.
The aim of this study was to map the distribution of microalgae and to measure their abundances in different areas of the Bone Bolango regency coastal region. Water samples were taken from 5 stations. A taxonomic identification of the microalgae was conducted, their abundances and spatial distribution was determined. The major groups of microalgae were Chrysophyta, Cyanophyta and Pyrrophyta, with a total of 29 species were identified. Average diversity index (H?) and dominance index (D?) values were 2.24 and 0.16, correspondingly, which means that the distribution of microalgae evenly spread and no particular species was dominant. Total microalgae abundance had an average value of 7.6 x 105 cells L-1. Water temperature and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) influenced microalgae abundance. The lowest abundance observed was 5.9 x 105 cells L-1 near a power plant station, the highest abundance was 1.04x106 cells L-1 in a touristic area.
s, 3 tables, 36 ref
Irulandi K;Geetha S;Mehalingam P
009601 Irulandi K;Geetha S;Mehalingam P (Research Dep of Botany, V.H.N. Seethikumara Nadar College (Autonomous), Virudhnagar-626 001) : Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of leaves extracts of Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Schult.. Asian J biochem pharm Res 2016, 6(3), 159-64.
The study was conducted for the phytochemical analysis and to find the antimicrobial activities of Gymnema sylvestre by using different solvent extracts. Antimicrobial analysis was done by using agar well diffusion method against bacterial and fungal pathogens. The results of phytochemical analysis showed the presence phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, steroids and. terpenoids. Among different solvents used the ethyl acetate extract showed more inhibitory activity when compared to other solvent extracts. The results showed in the present study suggest that Gymnema sylvestre can be used in treating diseases caused by the test organisms.
2 tables, 13 ref
Ijinu T P;Latha P G;George V;Pushpangadan P
009600 Ijinu T P;Latha P G;George V;Pushpangadan P (NO, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvanantapuram-695 562, Email: palpuprakulam@yahoo.co.in) : Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and in vitro antioxidant potential of methanolic extract of Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.)B. heyne ex Roth. whole plant. Ann Phytomed 2016, 5(1), 85-90.
Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) B. Heyne ex Roth is a prostrate herb, distributed Tropical Africa to India in dry deciduous forests and also in the plains. Traditionally, the plant is used against bone fracture, wounds and cuts, boils, headache, scorpion bite and nervous disorders. This study was carried out to evaluate the chemical constituents and antioxidant potential of the B. maderaspatensis whole plant in order to scientifically validate its traditional claim. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, coumarins, glycosides and alkaloids. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured using, the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminium chloride methods and are found to be 23.12 mg GAE/g and 9.87 mg QE/g, respectively. The antioxidant potential of methanolic extract was determined by DPPH radical scavenging, anti-lipid peroxidation, ABTS radical scavenging and NO radical scavenging assays. The total antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the phosphomolybdenum method. The extract showed potent DPPH, peroxide, ABTS and NO radicals scavenging activity with IC50 values 395.38, 142.53, 395.26 and 308.79 μg/ml, respectively, and the total antioxidant capacity found to be 20.78 mg AAE/g. The results obtained in the present study, point out that the methanolic extract of B. maderaspatensis is a potential source of natural free radical scavengers.
7 illus, 1 table, 39 ref
Geetha S;Irulandi K;Mehalingam P
009599 Geetha S;Irulandi K;Mehalingam P (Research Dep of Botany, V.H.N. Senthikumara Nadar College (Autonomous), virudhunagar-626 001) : Evaluation of phytochemical screening and antimicrobial potential of Begonia malabarica Lam.. Asian J biochem pharm Res 2016, 6(3), 165-9.
In the present study we carried out the preliminary phytochemical screening and antimicrobial potential of Begonia malabarica by using different solvent extracts like acetone, ethyl acetate and methanol. The ethyl acetate extracts showed highest activity against Staphylococcus aureus and minimal activity against Streptococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There was no activity against Candidan albicans, Escherichia coli and Streptococcucs faecalis and acetone extracts showed least activity against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli and Streptococcucs faecalis. The results revealed the presence of alkaloids, catechins, flavonoids, phenols, quinones, tannins, terpenoids, saponins and steroids.
2 tables, 13 ref
Fareed S;Jadoon U N;Ullah I;Jadoon M A;Rehman M U;Bibi Z;Waqas M
009598 Fareed S;Jadoon U N;Ullah I;Jadoon M A;Rehman M U;Bibi Z;Waqas M (Microbiology Dep, Haripur Univ, Haripur) : Isolation and biological evaluation of endophytic fungus from Ziziphus nummularia. J Ent Zool Stud 2017, 5(3), 32-8.
The aim of the current research work was to analyzed Endophytic fungi and there enzymatic activity. The research work was carried out in the Microbiology Lab, University of Haripur, during May 2015 to September 2015. The plant was collected and fungi were isolated by inoculating the leaf sections on different Medias. Six fungal species were isolated and identified on Sabouraud Dextrose agar medium. The results indicate highest colonization frequency at Sabouraud Dextrose Agar media that is 83%. Frequency of colonization was 76%, 26% and 23% on Malt Extract Agar, Potato Dextrose Agar and Czapak Dox Agar respectively. Identification was done by comparing with available literature and by microscopy. The study on this plant revealed that plant contains endophytic fungi that have ability to produce amylase, protease and lipase enzymes, although better activity for production of amylase enzyme was observed.
6 illus, 5 tables, 22 ref
Dharavath R N;Singh S;Chaturvedi S;Luqman S
009597 Dharavath R N;Singh S;Chaturvedi S;Luqman S (Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow-226 015, Email: s.luqman@cimap.res.in) : Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz A mercantile crop with speckled pharmacological activities. Ann Phytomed 2016, 5(2), 6-26.
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz (Brassicaceae) is an emerging short season, climate proof, biofuel crop. Popularly hailed as 'gold of pleasure' or 'false flax', Camelina plant requires low agronomic inputs. The seeds are commercially important as it includes 35-40% of oil (rich in ω-3 fatty acid, tocopherols), 27-32% protein and glucosinolates (GSLs). Evidences suggest that Europe and Central Asia are the landmarks of Camelina instigation owing to its use since Bronze Age. Traditionally, the oil was used for culinary purpose, massage and as a lamp fuel. The oil has been found to possess antihypercholesterolemic, antioxidant properties and increases insulin sensitivity. Recently, the seed cake (meal, a by-product) has developed as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and proteins in animal feed to improve the ω-3 fatty acid content of animal based food products such as eggs, meat, milk and fish oil. Additionally, the components have been found to modulate the expression of inflammatory proteins and GSLs are reported to possess anticancer activity. In this review, we aim to highlight the commercial application and medicinal properties of C. sativa along with newly discovered use and its utilization as feedstock for biofuel and biolubricant production.
10 table, 146 ref
Deshmukh A S
009596 Deshmukh A S (Matoshree Vimalabai Deshmukh, Mahavidyalaya, Amravati, Maharashtra) : Documentation and analysis of wild edible mushroom species from Amravati district. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2016, 18(2), 409-11.
Mushrooms are ecofriendly living beings in nature. Mushrooms are primitive organisms known as fungi. These organisms lack chlorophyll, which synthesize food in higher plants in presence of sunlight. Owing to their taste, flavor, nutritional value and unique texture, edible mushrooms are commonly used in home cooking and catering. Mushrooms have the ability to transform nutritionally useless waste into highly acceptable nutritious food. They have the ability to degrade lignin along with cellulose and hemicellulose. Thus preventing pollution and supporting ecology. The questionnaire method was used regarding the edibility of wild mushrooms from Melghat Area and also from Wadali Area in the vicinity of Amravati City, Maharashtra, India. The two wild edible mushroom species viz. Cantherallus cibarius and Agaricus species were collected from Melghat Area and one species viz. Podaxis pistillaris was collected near the brick kilns near Amravati city area. In this investigation, has been examined the proximate biochemical composition in terms of moisture, protein, fat, crude fiber, carbohydrate content.
2 illus, 11 ref
Chakrabarty A
009595 Chakrabarty A (A, B, C) : Clone of 'vivekananda tree' planted in Almora, Uttarakhand. Bionotes 2016, 18(3), 99.
99 ref
Bhoomika H R;Vasundhara M;Santosh K G
009594 Bhoomika H R;Vasundhara M;Santosh K G (Plantation Dep, Spices, Medicinal & Aromatic Crops, College of Horticulture, Mudigere, Dist. Chickmagalur-577 132, Email: bhoomi04@yahoo.co.in) : Phytochemicals in noni fresh fruit juice and their composition in response to applied nutrients. Green Fmg 2016, 7(3), 755-7.
Morinda citrifolia L. popularly known as noni, Indian mulberry etc. is well known as the source of health due to its immense medicinal values. Noni fruit juice is being commercially exploited as health tonic. The present study was undertaken with seven treatment combinations to evaluate the effects of nutrients on phytochemicals. Qualitative screening of fruit juice showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavanoids, proteins, ascorbic acid, gums and mucilages, phenolic compounds, tannins and oils in the fruit juice. The treatment T5 (50:225:50 kg ha-1 NPK wherein 50% of recommended P was given through bone meal) and T7 (50:225:50 kg ha-1 NPK wherein 100% of recommended P was given through bone meal) have proven best in terms of quality by recording significantly higher moisture, juice, TSS, alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin and protein contents.
4 tables, 17 ref