009593   Ashutosh Kumar (National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110 067) : Apple CALCINEURIN B-LIKE PROTEIN10 genes have evolved to be novel targets of miR167s through sequence variation. Curr Sci 2017, 112(1), 147-50.

The miR167s and its target ARF6/8 are relatively conserved among diverse plant species and have been implicated in reproductive and root development in Ambidopsis. Here we show that some of the CNBL family members have evolved to be targets of miR167s in apple. Despite strong conservation between apple and Ambidopsis CNBLs, AtCNBLs are not miR167 targets. The sequence variation in apple-miR167a and MdCNBLs has created target sites for apple-miR167a in MdCNBL10s. Therefore, we suggest that during the course of evolution, natural selection through sequence variation played a crucial role by choosing different targets among plant species for the same miRNA.

1 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

009592   Akgunla S;Sekeroglu N;KocaCaliskan U;Ozkutlu F;Ozcelik B;Kulak M;Gezici S (Biology dep, Sciences and Arts faculty, Kilis 7 Aralyk University, 79000, Kilis, Turkey, Email: nsekeroglu@gmail.com) : Research on selected wild edible vegetables: mineral content and antimicrobial potencials. Ann Phytomed 2016, 5(2), 50-7.

The study was designed to examine the antimicrobial activity and to determine mineral contents of commonly consumed wild vegetables, which utilized mostly in southern parts of Turkey. Ten plantsbelonging to the different taxa (Arum dioscoridis Sm., Chenopodium album L., Malva sylvestris L., Mentha longifolia (L) Huds., Nasturtium officinale W.T. Aiton, Papaver rhoeas L., Polygonum aviculare L., Rumex acetosella L., Sinapis alba L. and Urtica dioica L.) were individually screened for their possible antibacterial and antifungal activities using both polar (methanolic) and nonpolar (n-hexane) crude extracts. Theextractswere tested against both standard American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and Refik Saydam Turkish National Type Culture Collection (RSKK) and clinically isolated (CI) bacterial strains and two ATCC fungal strains. The efficacy of each plant extracts was tested by serial micro dilution method (MIC). Analyzed plant extracts demonstrated antimicrobial activity with the MIC values ranging 16 to 64 μg/ml against culture collection Gram negative bacteria and ≥ 256 μg/ml against isolated strains. The MIC values for selected extracts ranged from 16 to 256 μg/ml against culture collection Gram positive bacteria and ≥ 256 μg/ml against isolated strains. Among the plants tested, C. album (aqueousmethanolic) extracts demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activities againstall the test microorganisms with the best MIC (16 μg/ml) value. Furthermore, major and trace element concentrations were also screened and evaluated for their potential risk for public health by comparing with established limits proposed by various scientific reports.

5 table, 50 ref

009591   Agrawal V;Rangare N R;Nair R (AICRP on Aird Zone Fruits, College of Agriculture, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh) : Variaobility studies in different accessions of jamun (Syzygium cumini Skeels) from Madhya Pradesh. Int J chem Stud 2017, 5(3), 7-11.

A survey was carried out during 2016 in Madhya Pradesh, India to identify elite genotypes of jamun. Morphological qualitative, quantitative characteristics and biochemical attributes of sixteen genotypes were studied. The study revealed that there was a wide variation among the accessions. JJ-5 was the most promising genotype among the 16 accessions for average fruit weight (55.40 g), fruit length (27.78 mm), fruit width (22.01 mm), pulp weight (31.60 g) and seed weight (14.70g). This genotype can be used for table purpose as well for preparation of seed powder. The biochemical characteristics also showed high variability among all the accessions of jamun. Maximum TSS was found in JJ-4 (21.25°Brix) and JJ-3 (19.85 °Brix). Acidity was highest (0.53%) in JJ-9 and ascorbic acid in JJ-15 (42.30 (mg/100 g).

2 tables, 16 ref

008593   Yamuna P;Abirami P;Vijayashalini P;Sharmila M (PG and Reasearch Dep of Botany, Vellalar College for Women, Thindal, Erode, Tamil Nadu) : GC-MS analysis of bioactive compound in the entire plant parts of ethanolic extract of Gomphrena decumbens Jacq. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(3), 31-7.

The present investigation was carried out to determine the bioactive compounds present in entire plant of Gomphrena decumbens Jacq. By GC-MS analysis in the ethanolic extract of this plant, 28 bioactive compounds were identified. The major bioactive compounds are 1-Docosanol (36.93%); A: D-Neooleana-12, 14-diene, (3. xi. 5a) (25.27%); 9, 12, 15-Octadecatrienole acid (4.94%); Cholest-5-en-3-ol (3a) (4.46%); Stigmast- 5- en- 3-ol, (3a, 24S) (2. 98%); 9-octadecenoic acid (Z) (2. 92%); Lupan- 3- ol, acetate (2. 72%); Hexadeconoic acid (2.53%); Fucoxanthin (2.38%); Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (1.91%); Phytol (1.39%); 4-chlorophenyl tert-pentyl sulphate (1.34%) and Ethyl9,12,15octadecatrienoate (1.11%).

1 illus, 3 table, 16 ref

008592   Wei W;Zhou M;Xian X Y;Zheng C X;Hou Y P (College of Life Sciences, Ludong Univ, Yantai-264 025, Email: hou_yuping@163.com) : Effects of aqueous root leachates from dominant tree species on seed germination and seedling growth of exotic plant Rhus typhina L. in Shandong Peninsula. Allelopathy J 2017, 40(1), 71-80.

We conducted laboratory bioassay and pot experiments to find the difference in the allelopathic potentials of aqueous root leachates from 4-dominant tree species (Quercus acutissima Carruth., Robiniapseudoacacia L., Pinus thunbergii Parl. and Amorpha fruticosa L.) on seed germination and seedling growth oiRhus typhina L. in hills of Shandong Peninsula. All tree species root leachates inhibited the seed germination of R. typhina over the control (distilled water), except the P. thunbergii. Besides reducing the seed germination, Q. acutissima root leachates also significantly suppressed the root and shoot length of R. typhina seedlings. The pot experiments found that compared to the control group, the total biomass of R. typhina was significantly increased by low concentration (0.025 g/ml) aqueous root leachates from A. fruticosa. Our previous field investigations revealed that R. typhina rarely invades the Q. acutissima forests, possibly because of its allelopathic inhibition by Q. acutissima. The naturalized exotic species, such as A. fruticosa, share the same origin in North America with R. typhina. The R. typhina seedlings are less inhibited by A. fruticosa, possibly because of their allelopathic adaptability. The results showed that allelopathy plays role in the formation of community resistance to invasion.

5 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

008591   Wang B;Zhou T;Li K;Guo X W;Liu Z D;Xie H G (Pomology Dep, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural Univ, No. 120 Dongling Street, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, Email: xhgbox@163.com) : Biotransformation of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in the rhizosphere of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Allelopathy J 2017, 40(1), 95-102.

Although 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA) is a model allelochemical for many plants, its biotransformation is still unexplored. Sixty grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) rhizosphere soil samples (sterilized and non-sterilized) with 4-HBA (^{12C unlabeled or 13C labeled) were analyzed at 0, 0.5, 1,2,4, 6, 24, 50, and 68 h after incubation. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, combined with stable isotope probing technology data, showed that 4-HBA could be biotransformed into dimers, which was previously not known to occur, and that the allelopathic activity of 4-HBA might be maintained by depolymerization and dimer concentration. These dimers might be rapidly adsorbed or used by microbes and are a possible reason for grapevine soil autotoxicity. Hence, this study lays the foundation for future studies on phenolic acid allelochemicals, which will contribute to decipher the actively maintained allelopathy of grapevine soils and reduce its negative effects on grape and wine industries.}

4 tables, 13 ref

008590   Slathia P S;Paul N;Gupta S K;Sharma B C; Rakesh Kumar;Kher S K (Agricultural Extension Education Div, KVK Doda, Agroforestry; Agronomy Div, Sher-e-Kashmir Univ of Agriculture Sciences & Technology of Jammu, J&K, Email: slathia2007@gmail.com) : Traditional uses of under-utilized tree species in sub tropical rainfed areas of Kathua, Jammu & Kashmir. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2017, 16(1), 164-9.

Present investigation was carried out in three blocks; Hiranagar, Dinga Amb and Marheenof Kathuadistrict of Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir located in the sub-tropical zone to identify and document the under-utilized forest tree species and their multiple traditional uses. Study revealed that people in the study area make multiple traditional uses of eight tree species which are ordinarily considered under-utilized, viz. Aegle marmelos L., Carissa spinarum L.; Cordia dichotoma var. wallichii, Ficus palmata Forsk. syn. F. virgata, Ficus roxburghii Wall.; Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr; Terminalia belerica Gaertn. Roxb. These tree species have been reported to have different uses as food, fodder, fuel, fencing, medicinal and in ethno-veterinary. Stem, bark, leaves; roots as well as fruits have been reported to have important traditional uses. Diverse medicinal properties of these tree species to overcome different problems/diseases like sun stroke, dysentery, pneumonia, cough, chest complaints, sour throat, toothache, mouth ulcers, inflammations, healing, anemia, curing urinary problems, and leucoderma have also been reported. Foliage of some identified under-utilized trees is used as vegetable and fruits and roots for making pickle. These are also used for the treatment of intestinal disorders, anoestrus and as appetizer in cattle. Wood of many under-utilized tree species is preferred for making handles of implements, panjali used in animal driven ploughs and aarlia of animal driven plough. Frequent cutting of these trees has been matter of serious concern.

2 illus, 12 ref

008589   Shetta N D;Alshahrani T S;Aref I M;Nasser R A (Forestry and Wood Technology Dep, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria Univ, Alexandria 21545, Egypt) : Allelopathic potential of Colotropis procera and Ecucalyptus species on germination and growth of some timber trees. Allelopathy J 2017, 40(1), 81-94.

This study aimed to examine the allelopathic potential of Eucalyptus and Calotropis species on seed germination and seedling growth of Acacia ehrenbergiana (Hayne), Acacia gerrardii (Benth.) and Acacia tortilis (Forssk.). The aqueous leaf extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis var. obtusa (Blakely), E. intertexta (R.T.Baker), and Calotropis procera (Aiton) inhibited the seed germination, reduced the seedlings growth, biomass yield and biomass allocation in Acacia species. It suggests the further testing at farmers' fields to determine the allelopathic effects of Eucalyptus and Calotropis as invasive species in woodlands in central Saudi Arabia.

6 illus, 36 ref

008588   Sharma S;Verma S (Conservation and Molecular Biology Lab, Centre for Biodiversity Studies, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah Univ, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, Email: sharmasupriyas@yahoo.in) : Male function for ensuring pollination and reproductive success in Berberis lycium Royle: a novel mechanism. J Biosci, Bangalore 2016, 41(1), 21-5.

In Berberis lycium anthers on alternate stamens dehisce, thus prolonging the male function so that pollination is affected and reproduction is ensured. The large pollen sac of each bithecous anther after the appearance of longitudinal dehiscence slit moves away from the filament while remaining attached at the tip of the connective and then orients in such a way that pollen-laden surface faces the stigma. No pollen is available to receptive stigma as pollen grains remain stuck to the anther sac. They do not get dispersed even by wind. Pollination and consequently reproduction is ensured through the intervention of insect, which does not affect pollen transfer to the stigma directly but by touching the base of the staminal filament while foraging nectar secreted by nectaries at the base of corolla, thus leading to staminal movement. This makes the dehisced anthers stick to the stigma and deposit pollen there.

1 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

008587   Qiu D R;et al. (Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry, Zhejiang A&F Univ, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, China) : Identification of allelochemicals in the essential oil of Euphorbia maculata L. and their bioactivity. Allelopathy J 2017, 40(1), 23-34.

We determined the chemical composition and allelopathic activity of the essential oil from Euphorbia maculata L. and to study the bioactivity of allelopathic constituents against Lolium perenne, Clitoria ternata, Portulaca oleracea and Amaranthus viridis. Results showed that 47 components were identified in the essential oil. Based on bioactivity-guided fractionation, the main active constituent was isolated and its structure was determined as diphenylamine (29.41%) by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and 1D nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Both the essential oil and diphenylamine exhibited allelopathic activity. The essential oil at 0.2% (w/v) concentration inhibited the seed germination and seeding growth of Clitoria ternatea, Portulaca oleracea and Amaranthus viridis, but slightly stimulated the germination and growth of Lolium perenne weed. The bioactivity analysis of the isolated compound showed that diphenylamine and the oil at the same concentration significantly inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth of these four weeds. Thus essential oil from E. maculata inhibited the germination and growth of test weeds, hence, could be used for weeds control.

9 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

008586   Pratap G K;Ashwini S;Manjula S (Studies of Biochemistry Dep, Mangalore Univ, PG Centre Chikka Alovara, Kodagu District, Karnataka) : Practice of traditional medicinal plants in humans and cattle in Arasikere hobli of Karnataka. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(3), 38-41.

A database on indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants used by the humans and cattle, in the local communities in Arasikere hobli of Karnataka is documented. People living in rural areas have traditional health care practices, the knowledge of which is valuable for curing several ailments. In the present survey, it was recognized that eleven medicinal plants belonging to nine families are being used by the local groups to cure different human complaints and eleven plants belonging to ten families are used for treating animal infirmities. Majority of the villagers use these plants since these are effortlessly and freely available with no side effects. The present study reveals that the local population is well versed with the natural resources around them and this traditional knowledge should be preserved for the betterment of future mankind.

4 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

008585   Ozcan M M;Juhaimi F Al;Uslu N;Ghafoor K; Babiker E F (Food Engineering Dep, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk Univ, 42031 Konya, Turkey, Email: mozcan@selcuk.edu.tr) : Traditional food: sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and heather [Calluna vulgaris (L.) hull] honeys. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2017, 16(1), 78-82.

The total phenolic contents of the honeys were 93.15 and 96.39 mg GAE/100 gm of honey.Antioxidant activity of both honeys were determined as6.49 ± 0.16% and 11.33 ± 0.22%. HMF contents of Helianthus annuus honey and Calluna vulgaris honeys were found as 63.75 ± 1.90 and 94.66 ± 1.36 mg/Kg, respectively. K, Na and Fe contents of Helianthus annuus honey and Calluna vulgaris honeys were dtermined as 1229.10 and 3285.31 mg/Kg, 1907.70 and 1964.42 mg/Kg, 2285.36 and 1124.91 mg/Kg and 181.20 and 176.60 mg/Kg, respectively. All quality indicators for both honey samples were in compliance with the regulations, except for HMF and diastase number.

3 tables, 29 ref

008584   Noor mohamed M B;Ravi R (ICAR-Central Arid zone Research Institute (CAZRI), Regional Research Station, Pali-Marwar, Rajasthan-306 401, Email: mohamedforester@gmail.com) : Enhancement of germination and growth of Melia dubia cav. by microbial consortia. Int J Trop Agric 2016, 34(3), 559-65.

Melia dubia commonly known as "Malai Vembu" belongs to the family Meliaceae. It is a deciduous and fast growing tree with straight bole. It is indigenous to the western ghats of southern India. Owing to its importance, this species has been identified as potential, commercially viable pulpwood species for ex-situ cultivation in Tamil Nadu. Although regeneration of the species under natural conditions is very high, the seeds generally exhibited very low germination due to hard seed coat under laboratory conditions. Based on observation, it has been learnt that the seed germinates very well in the tree rhizosphere. None of the physical and chemical treatments tried facilitated seed germination. Hence experiments were carried out to find the microbiological and physical agents that would improve germination and reduce the mean germination time. Accordingly two enrichment culture studies were carried out to isolate microbes facilitating Melia dubia seed germination. In the first enrichment technique, the rhizosphere soil of melia was enriched with exocarp (spermosphere) and different sources of microbial inoculum such as elephant dung, goat pellet, cow dung and termite mound. Second set of enrichment was done by mixing the rhizosphere soil with endocarp (spermosphere) and various sources ofmicrobial inoculum as mentioned above. From above enrichment studies, four bacteria and one actinomycete's isolates were obtained from rhizosphere soil enriched with spermosphere and elephant dung. The isolated strains were mesophilic with pH requirement of 8.0. Among various sources of carbon, sucrose was recorded to be the most preferable source of carbon. Henceforth, germination studies were carried out with different grades of fruits viz., green, yellow, dried and decayed fruits in the rhizosphere soil of Melia dubia. The results indicated that green fruits are best suited for germination. It had recorded greater germination (20%) over other grades.

3 tables, 7 ref

008583   Malik U;Mitra S;Barik A (Ecology Research Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Burdwan Univ, Burdwan-713 104, Email: anandamaybarik@yahoo.co.in) : Attraction of the biocontrol agent, Galerucella placida baly (Coleoptera: chrysomelidae) to the leaf surface alkanes of the weed, Polygonum orientale L.. Allelopathy J 2017, 40(1), 103-16.

Extraction, thin layer chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of leaf surface waxes of Polygonum orientale L. (Polygonaceae) weed revealed 16, 19 and 15 n-alkanes between n-C₁₅ and n-C₃₃ in the young, mature and senescent leaves, respectively. In the young, mature and senescent leaves, the predominant alkanes were (heptacosane, nonacosane and nonacosane) were 11.92, 15.95 and 14.83%, respectively. Heneicosane, dotriacontane and tritriacontane were absent in the young and senescent leaves, whilst eicosane was absent only in the senescent leaves. The role of cuticular alkanes to the female insect, Galerucella placida Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was evaluated in the Y-shaped glass tube olfactometer bioassay under laboratory conditions. The cuticular alkanes from the young, mature and senescent leaves, and the synthetic blends comparable to the cuticular alkanes of three types of leaves were attractive to G. placida at 4, 1-2 and 4 leaf equivalent alkanes, respectively. Females were attracted to the individual synthetic n-C₁₅, n-C₁₆, n-C₁₇, n-C₁₈, n-C₂₀, n-C₂₁, n-C₂₃, n-C₂₄, n-C₂₅, n-C₂₆, n-C₂₈ and n-C₃₁ alkanes at the minimum concentrations of 4, 2, 1, 20, 40, 2, 4, 8, 6, 14, 14 and 50 ug in a dose-dependent bioassay, respectively. A synthetic blend of 1.60, 0.86, 11.90, 17.79, 1.82, 1.54, 12.06, 6.60, 6.55 and 25.45 μg of n-C₁₆, n-C₁₇, n-C₁₈, n-C₂₀, n-C₂₁, n-C₂₃, n-C₂₄, n-C₂₆, n-C₂₈ and n-C₃₁, respectively, indicated highest attraction of the insect, and provide a basis in developing a lure to monitor field population.

6 illus, 1 table, 36 ref

008582   Gao Y N;Dong J;Fu Q Q;Wang Y P;Chen C;Li J H; Li R;Zhou C H (College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic A, Xinxiang, Henan453007, China, Email: gaoyn@htu.cn) : Allelopathic effects of submerged macrophytes on phytoplankton. Allelopathy J 2017, 40(1), 1-22.

As a survival and resource-competition strategy, submerged macrophytes are supposed to release the secondary metabolites, named allelochemicals, to affect phytoplankton development. The species-specific inhibition and easy degradation of plant allelochemicals make them possible to control the algal bloom efficiently and environment-friendly. This paper aims to review the research advances in allelopathy of submerged macrophytes on phytoplankton, which covers the following aspects: species-specific inhibition of submerged macrophytes to phytoplankton, potential allelochemicals, their inhibitory modes, physiological mechanisms, impacts of environmental factors and possibility of application in water management. Research methodology on allelopathy needs to be improved from the viewpoint of ecology. It is proposed to do more comparable bioassays, more joint laboratory and field experiments to figure out release and degradation dynamics of allelochemicals and their interactions with biotic and abiotic factors, which will be helpful to reveal the allelopathic mechanisms from gene to ecology, and provide scientific guidance for its application in aquatic ecosystem management.

1 table, 107 ref

008581   Byssmann Rainer W;Paniagua Z;Narel Y; Sikharulidze S;Kikvidze Z;Kikodze D;Tchelidze D;Ketevan B;Hart;Robbie E (NO, William L Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, PO Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, USA, Email: rainer.bussmann@mobot.org ) : Plants in the spa - the medicinal plant market of Borjomi, Sakartvelo (Republic of Georgia), Caucasus. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2017, 16(1), 25-34.

As part of a larger ethnobotanical inventory of Skartvelo (Republic of Georgia) we studied the medicinal plant market in Borjomi Spa since 2013. All of the venders in Borjomi featured the same set of medicinal plant mixtures, and essentially no plants were sold separately. Overall, the same 17 distinct mixtures were sold by all venders. Plants, according to the venders, were collected by them in the wider surroundings of Borjomi, and all mixtures were prepared at home. Although the preparations of medicinal plant mixtures in Borjomi seemed very controlled and standardized, the separation of all mixtures into their respective ingredients revealed that most mixtures either contained contaminants, and/or lacked ingredients claimed to be included. This study underlines that in many cases natural remedies sold in markets can be problematic, and that great care should be taken before using any medicine, whether allopathic or complimentary. Linguistic explanations for all plant names and indications are given.

3 illus, 23 ref

008580   Bussman;et al. (NO, William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, PO Box 299, ST. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, USA, Email: rainer..bussmann@mobot.org) : Ethnobotany of Samtskhe-Javakheti, Sakartvelo (Republic of Georgia), caucasus. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2017, 16(1), 7-24.

Samtskhe-Javakheti was formed in the 1990s in southern Georgia from the historical provinces of Meskheti, Javakheti and Tori. The majority of the inhabitants are ethnically Armenian, with a Georgian minority. We documented traditional plant use in Samtskhe-Javakheti, and hypothesized that (1) plant use knowledge in general would be higher in isolated high elevation communities, and that (2) use of home gardens would be much more restricted to lower elevations. Fieldwork was conducted July-August 2013, July-August 2014, and September-October 2015, using semi-structured questionnaires. We encountered 261 plant species belonging to 161 genera of 70 families being used in the region. Of these, 160 species were exclusively wild-collected, 81 grown in homegardens, and 20 were both grown in gardens and collected wild. Most species and uses were widely used across the region, with some particular species in the low lying villages, that allowed a wider variety of species to be grown and gathered. The elevation of informant community significantly fit the ordination in plant-space and use-space. In addition, community significantly fit the ordination for both plant-space and use-space. Informant age significantly fit the plant-space ordination only, while informant gender was not significant in either space.

5 illus, 5 tables, 35 ref

008579   Ashish Kumar;Jnanesha A C (NO, CSIR-central Insititute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Reasearch Centre, Boduppal, Hyderabad) : Genetic diversity and conservation of medicinal plants in Deccan plateau region in India. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(3), 27-30.

Deccan plateau region in India is unique because of its varied geography and great diversity in its natural ecosystem that is immensely rich in agricultural diversity including wild plant biodiversity and various farms of faunal diversity. This region in particular is highly overexploited by several anthropogenic activities resulting in loss of life supporting resources, biodiversity gene pool and nature's self-sustaining and ameliorating capabilities. The Western Ghats (3500 species) and Easter (>1500 species) Ghats are rich repositories of medicinal plants. The regions globally know for it Andrographis paniculata, Withania somnifera, Aloe vera, Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum basilicum, Eucalyptus, Piper longum, Bacopa monnieri, Centella asiatica, Tinospora cordifolia, Adathoda vasica, Eclipta prostrata, Chlorophytum borivilianum, Cassia senna, Curcuma longa, Mucuna pruriens and Abelmoschus moschatus etc. are cultivated by the farmers of the region. Ex situ conservation and cultivation of selected Relisted plants of the region was initiated in 1200 at the CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre, Hyderabad and are being maintained in a field gene bank and seed bank.

4 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

008578   Ari S;Temel M;Konuk M (Science & Arts Faculty, Molecular Biology and Genetic Dep, Afyon Kocatepe Univ, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey, Email: slymanari@hotmail.com) : Ethnobotanical approach to MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) in Western anatolia: a case of Afyonkarahisar. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2017, 16(1), 35-43.

MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) has been recognized as an important pathogen leading to the problems in the hospitals worldwide. Currently, treatment options for MRSA infections are limited to both very few and expensive drugs such as Teicoplanin, Vancomycin and Linezolid. The difficult and expensive methods to combat the pathogens have led people to search the natural way of healing with medicinal plants. In this study, an ethno botanical approach to MRSA pathogens has been shown by using medicinal and aromatic plants. Field studies were carried out in the Inner Western Anatolia, and interviews were performed with 11 people, (8 males and 3 females) whose age ranged between 50 and 75, who have had an operation and were infected with MRSA. They have also been cured with medicinal plants as ethnobotanical practices or have been undergoing a cure during the study carried out. 21 plant species belonging to 16 families were identified and their ethnobotanical uses to MRSA were determined. Their Latin name, local name and usages were indicated. An ethnobotanical approach was exhibited to struggle with the pathogen MRSA. A different approach to cure MRSA is presented.

4 illus, 1 table, 47 ref

008577   Alves R R N;da Silva Policarpo I;Barboza R R D;de Araujo H F P (Biologia Dep, Universidade Estadual da Paraiba (UEPB), Avenida das Baraunas, 351-Bodocongo, CEP: 58109-753, Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brasil) : Perception and use of biodiversity in the vicinity of an urban conservation areas, north eastern Brazil. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2017, 16(1), 44-50.

The Buraquinho Forest (Mata do Buraquinho) is a remnant of the Atlantic Forest located in the urban area of the city of Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil. In this paper, we investigated aspects of environmental perception of the human population living in the surroundings, in order to contribute to future management plans and conservation of this area. A total of 43 questionnaires were applied to residents of neighborhoods adjacent to Buraquinho Forest, the questions sought to assess the social profile, environmental perception, habits, preferences and suggestions regarding natural features and services related to this protected area. Respondents recognize the role and importance of the forest to improve the quality of life as well as point out several aspects which may adversely affect the environment. Urbanization-related problems, such as the dumping of sewage and household garbage in the woods, and the lack of infrastructure, were mentioned by respondents. Data from ecological awareness indicated that respondents recognize the occurrence of 96 species of animals and 63 plants in this forest. Medicinal, edible and ornamental uses were identified in relation to the aforementioned species.

1 table, 43 ref

008576   Aadhan K;Anand S P (PG and Research Dep of Botany, National College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu) : Survey of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes by the paliyar's tribe in Sadhuragiri hills, Tamil Nadu, India. Int J herb Med 2017, 5(3), 17-25.

An ethnobotanical and literature survey was conducted to collect information about medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetics and associated complications by Paliyar tribals people of Sadhuragiri hills. Analysis of remedies obtained from different plant parts was performed. The indigenous knowledge of plants used for the treatment of diabetics was collected through questionnaire and personal interviews. A total of 65 plants used to treat diabetes have been documented. The investigation revealed that, Leaves (27%), followed by Fruits (11%), Roots (6%), Seeds (6%), Flower (6%), Bark (4%), Whole plant (4%), Tuber (3%), Rhizomes (2%) and bulb (1%) were mostly used for the treatment of Diabetes. Anti-diabetic medicinal plants used by Tamil People have been listed along with plant parts used and its active chemical constituents.

5 illus, 1 table, 87 ref

007488   Savita Rani;Singh G;Sood N (Botany Dep, Kurukshetra Univ, Kurukshetra, Haryana) : Comparison of intensity and percolation of traditional knowledge of Calotropis procera and Calotropis gigantea in rural area of kurukshetra district, Haryana-A survey. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(2), 36-8.

India has a long history of traditional plant usage for medicinal purposes and hence preserves the infinite reservoir of ethnomedicinal knowledge of plants. The ethnomedicinal knowledge is the most affordable and easily accessible source of treatment of various ailments. This knowledge is lying scattered in bits and segments in an unorganised form. Sporadic work has been done to retrieve, compile and utilize the traditional knowledge. Therefore, mega components in Indian economy which is based and dependent on traditional knowledge is going unacknowledged. An effort has been done on the part of authors to devise a strategy whereby this eloping knowledge can be fished out from rural India and finally put to purposeful usage after scientific screening. A novel methodology was framed which included format design, information collection from rural area after field survey.

2 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

007487   Saurabh Kumar;Salim M;Pramod Kumar (Ecology Dep, Climate Change and Forest Influence Div Forest Institute, Dehradun) : Floristic diversity of two fresh water wetlands of doon valley, Uttarakhand. e-J appl For Ecol 2016, 4(2), 43-55.

Doon valley surrounded by lesser Himalaya and Siwalik range has many fresh water swamps due to its unique topography. The rich and luxuriant vegetation of the area has been subjected to severe degradation in the past due to population growth and urbanization. The study was conducted in two fresh water wetlands (swamp forests) of Doon Valley i.e. Golatappar and Karwapani. A total of 152 plant species belonging to 59 families, 135 genera (including seven fern species) were recorded from Golatappar and 139 species belonging to 54 families, 124 genera (including 5 fern species) were recorded from Karwapani fresh water swamp forest. The high percentage of herbaceous species at both the sites (42 at Karwapani and 36 at Golatappar) show that both forests are under anthropogenic pressure, however Karwapani (139 species) is more disturbed as compared to Golatappar (152 species) in terms of species richness. This study also reveals that species richness of herbs is more concentrated at forest edges (16 species at Golatappar and 17 species at Karwapani) and gradually declines towards interior of forest which shows the effect of adjacent landuse such as agriculture and human settlements which may be the source of many weed species. These species which also are invasives can change the structure and composition of the forest flora as invasive/weed species respond faster to environment change such as canopy opening resulting in greater light penetration on forest floor due to heavy lopping. These swamp forests need urgent conservation and protection measures as the native forest species are dwindling under the pressure of surrounding landuse practices i.e. agriculture and settlements.

007486   Pathak A;Gaurav N;Singh A;Arun Kumar;Singh A P (a, A P S Univ Rewa, Madhya Pradesh) : Study of climatology of area of Vindhyan region (M.P) for wild pteridophytes. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(2), 66-70.

Vindhyan region has rich biodiversity. This region provides shelter to various plant species that belong to the lower and higher groups. It is interesting to note that in the area, proportionally it genera is relatively richer than species. In comparison to angiosperms plant diversity the pteridophytes are not rich in the area. The tribes and poor of this region are partially or completely dependent on forest product for their survival. These people have assimilated unique knowledge about the surrounding plant wealth. This indigenous knowledge is a potential tool in searching for new economic plants for food and medicines. They protect and conserve biodiversity of forest and by their cultural activities they also enrich the soil fertility. In the present study wild pteridophytes species which are normally growing in the wild habitat were taken into the consideration for assessing the eco-medicinal uses of different type of pteridophytes. Eco medicinal importance of pteridophytes and existence of greater biomolecules is already studied by many previous workers. Inspite of medicinal and ecological importance the medicinal plants have also been considered for present study.

4 illus, 4 tables, 13 ref

007485   Pandey N C;Bhatt D;Arya D;Chopra N;Upreti B M;Joshi G C;Tewari L M (Regional Ayurvedic Research Institute, (RARI)CCRAS, Ranikhet, Uttarkhand) : Diversity of ethno-medicinal plant:A case study of Bageshwar district Uttarkhand. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(2), 11-24.

The Indian Himalayan region has a wide range of traditionally used medicinal plants. The study was conducted with the help of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) technique to document the ethno-medicinal use of plants from Bageshwar district of Uttarakhand. The present study of Bageshwar district shows distribution and traditional uses of the 144 ethno-medicinal plants, comprises of 64 families (62- Angiosperms, 2-Gymnospermes), different habitats such as herbs (56%), shrubs (22%), tress (15%), climbers (7%), which were further classify according to plants parts used such as: leafs (29%), root (27%), bark (11%), whole plant (9%), rhizomes (5% ), fruits (5% ), tubers/bulb (4%), seeds (4%), flowers and inflorescences (3%), resin/latex/ oil (2%), heart wood (1%). It was found that 144 plant species were used by local people for curing 49 diseases such as cough, fever, jaundice, arthritis, asthma, cuts and wounds etc.

4 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

007484   Nyunai N;Yaya A J G;Tabi T G N;Tchamgoue A D; Ngonde M C;Minka C S M (Medical Research Centre, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaounde, Cameroon, Email: nyunain@yahoo.fr) : Anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant potential of water-ethanol extract of Musanga cecropioides stem bark. Int J pharm Sci Drug Res 2016, 8(1), 43-49.

The study investigated the effect of Musanga cecropioides (MC) water-ethanol stem bark extract on bloodeglucose level in both hyperglycemic loaded glucose rats and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, and evaluated its antioxidant capacity. The Wistar rats were induced diabetes after fasting. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was conducted on normoglycemic rats, and anti-hyperglycemic test on diabetic rats; five groups with five rats each were constituted. Group 1: negative control was treated with vehicle; Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4 were treated with increasing water-ethanol extract (200, 300 and 400 mg/kg b.w); Group 5 was the positive control, treated with glibenclamide. The antioxidant capacity of the extract was also evaluated by measuring the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power, Total Phenolic Content, Total Flavonoid Content, and radical scavenging activity of water-ethanol stem bark extract. In OGTT the water-ethanol extract of MC, at the dose of 300 mg/kg, significantly lowered the Area under Curve (AUC) induced by glucose. In STZ diabetic rats, the extract significantly lowered the AUC of blood glucose, at all doses. Glibenclamide was more efficient in both OGTT and anti-hyperglycemic test. The MC extract presented relevant antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ = 6.23 mg/mL. Both the Total Phenolic Content and the Total Flavonoid Content increased in a dose-dependent manner. The correlation of DPPH % free radical scavenged and Total Flavonoid Content was positive and statistically significant. MC water-ethanol extract possesses a good antioxidant potential, and could be helpful to lower hyperglycemic state associated with diabetes.

6 illus, 1 table, 47 ref

007483   Mendhulkar V D;Hayat H (Botany Dep, The Institute of Science, Mumbai, Maharashtra, Email: profmendhulkar@gmail.com ) : Optimization of genomic DNA extraction from the leaf tissues of Jatropha species species for molecular studies. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2016, 18(3), 623-6.

Depending on the nature and complexity of plant material, proper method needs to be employed for extraction of genomic DNA, along with its performance and evaluation by different molecular techniques. Jatropha a genus of family Euphorbiacea, known for its biofuel and medicinal properties. Jatropha species characteristically contains high concentrations of polyphenols, and polysaccharides that interfere with DNA, causing erroneous or no PCR products. In this study, genomic DNA was isolated from leaves of three species of Jatropha, namely J. curcas, J. podagrica and J. gossipyfolia. We optimized and employed a simple genomic DNA isolation protocol suitable for Jatropha plants from leaves. The DNA obtained from leaf tissues with a modified cetyltrimethylammonium bromide buffer and using no liquid nitrogen protocol was of good quality, with no colored pigments and contaminants. The spectral quality of genomic DNA isolated using this method as measured by the A260/A280 absorbance ratio ranged from 1.80 to 1.91 and the concentration were found to be 8.60, 9.45 and 9.50 (μg/μL) for the three speciess of Jatropha. The amplified plants DNA extracted from leaves of Jantropha plants using modified CTAB buffer method with no liquid nitrogen were successfully amplified by PCR using arbitrary RAPD primers.

2 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

007482   Manan A;Rianse U;Ginting S;Widayati W (NO, , Environmental Science Dep, Faculty of Forest and Environmental Science, Halu Oleo Univ, Email: manan_1961@yahoo.com) : Diversity of flora and fauna in halu oleo unversity botanical garden. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(4), 1945-52.

The study on the diversity of flora and fauna in Universitas Halu Oleo Botanical Garden had been carried out from August to October 2016. The method used was observation, survey and desk methods. The result of researh show that the flora and fauna in the Halu Oleo Botanical Garden found about 86 species of flora and 54 species of bird. In addition, it also found other fauna such as pigs, mice, wild chicken etc. There were some pressure influenced the existancy of flora and fauna in the garden, those are: illegal logging, hunting or trapped animals and forest fire. To anticipate impact of future pressure on flora and fauna, therefore, the prototyping to manage the garden had been developed as follows: (a) developing a public awareness activities or education to increase understanding of local community and students about function and existance of UHO botanical garden; (b) improving management system of botanical garden especially facilitation process on protection of the resources involving stakeholders (community, students, lecturers, etc) in proctection mangement; (c) to promote planting movement to enrich the Sulawesi endemic vegetation in the garden involving stakeholders; (d) to develop center of endemic vegetation of Sulawesi and (e) establishment of information and promotion center of UHO Botanical Garden to promote diversity of flora and fauna values as intangible value to support local economic development in the future.

2 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

007481   Konkon N G;Ouatara D;Kpan W B;Kouakou T H (Univ Felix Houphouet Boigny, UFR Biosciences, Laboratoire de Botanique, 22 BP 582Abidjan 22, Cote d'Ivoire) : Medicinal plants used for treatment of diabetes by traditional practitioners in the markets of Abidjan district in Cote d'Ivoire. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(2), 39-48.

Diabetes is a serious metabolic disorder. In Cote d'Ivoire, many plants are used as traditional medicines to treat diabetes and are sold on the popular markets of cities. The purpose of this work was to achieve an ethnobotanical investigation, with particular emphasis on herbal medicine. Three markets of Abidjan district were visited and we encountered 270 vendors of plants, aged of 30 to 60 years. Thus, 87 species of antidiabetic plants were identified. Various parts of the plant (root, stem, leaves, whole plant, flowers, fruits) are used to develop drug treatments. The drug preparation methods are varied (decoction, infusion, maceration, kneading). Among the 87 plants identified, 21 are used to treat diabetes and other ailments. The decoction is the most used mode of preparation of the plants sold in the district of Abidjan markets (75%) by traditional practitioners for the treatment of diabetes.

6 illus, 1 table, 33 ref

007480   Kaunang E N S;Semuel M Y (Biology Dep, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, State Univ of Manado, Manado) : Botanical and phytochemical constituents of several medicinal plants from mount Klabat north Minahasa. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(2), 29-35.

Medicinal plants are of great importance to the health of individuals and communities. The research has been done to examine the constituents of phytochemical and botanical characteristics of medicinal plants, ethnomedical surrounding mount Klabat, North Minahasa. The results of this study has found alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroid, terpenoid and flavonoids as phytochemical constituents in 38 medicinal plants belonging to different families when they were compared and characterised. Part of the plant used for ethnomedicinal were: leaves, root, bark, fruit, seeds, pith and the whole plant parts as well. Tree and herbasius were the dominant habitus of medicinal plants. It was also revealed that stewing and ointment were the ethnomedicine general mode of use by the communities. The tested medicinal plants were also used to treat 16 types of diseases in the local communities.

4 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

007479   Ishmuratova M Y;Tleukenova S U;Dodonova A S; Gavrilkova H A;Auelbekova A K (NO, Karagandy State Univ named after academician Ye. A. Buketov, University street, 28, Karaganda, 100028, Kazakhstan) : Evaluation of specific diversity of endemic plants of Karagandy region's flora. Biosci Biotechnol Res Asia 2016, 13(4), 2065-70.

The assessment of modern specific structure of endemic plants of flora of the Karaganda region (the Central Kazakhstan) is carried out. The general structure of endemic plants makes 116 species from 57 genes and 21 families. The greatest number of species is concentrated in families Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Boraginaceae and Fabaceae. The dominating genes are the following: Artemisia, Lappula, Silene, Astragalus, Zygophyllum. The analysis of vital forms has allowed to reveal that the greatest number of species is concentrated among grassy perennials - 73 plants, second position is occupied by annual and biennial plants (21 species), the third positions - by semi-low shrubs (14 species). The last place belongs to trees - 1 species. On ecological groups the greatest number of plants is carried to group of xerophytes - 87 species, on the second place are meso-xerophytes - 13 species, on the third position is mesophytes with 10 species, the smallest number of species is concentrated in group of hygrophytes - 1 plant.

3 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

007478   Dubey P;Verma R K (Life Science Dep, National Taiwan Normal Univ, College of Science, No.88. Sec 4, Tingzhou Rd. Wenshan dist., Taipei City, Taiwan) : Interactions among rhizosphere microbes and organic amendments for production of tectona grandis seedlings. e-J appl For Ecol 2016, 4(2), 1-7.

The present study was conducted to study the interactions among rhizosphere microbes and organic amendments for sustainable production of Tectona grandis seedlings. The study revealed that plant height, dry root weight, dry shoot weight, and total nitrogen in plant tissue were found maximum in Trichoderma harzianum+ leaf compost treated teak seedlings.

007477   Deshmukh L P (Botany Dep, J.D.M.V.P.S. Art's Commm. and Science College, Jalgaon-425 001) : Antibacterial activity of the leaf extracts of tinospora cordifolia. Int J Pharmac biol Sci 2017, 11(1), 29-32.

Tinospora cordifolla is widely used as an Ayurvedic medicinal plant. The in vitro experiment by the agar disc diffusion method established that the extract possesses antibacterial property. The leaf extracts in different ratios of hexane and ethyl acetate tests have shown significant zone of inhibition for bacteria, Eschenchia coli (64 mm) Bacillus subtilis (56 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (61 mm)which was greater than reference antibiotics.

2 tables, 16 ref

007476   Adesh Kumar;Singh D R;Lata S;Johri R M (Botany Dep, M.M.H. College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant growth, essential oil and artemisinin content of Artemisia annua L.. Int J Pharmac biol Sci 2017, 11(1), 33-44.

The potential of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to enhance the production of artemisinin content, essential oil and plant growth parameter was investigated in Artemisia armua (wormwood). The AMF inoculation significantly increased plant height, fresh and dry matter yield, oil yield and artemisisnin content as compared to non-inoculated plants. Artemisinin content in plants inoculated with VAM2 was significantly higher than other treatments. Shoot fresh weight significantly increased by all mycorrhiza fungi species, but only inoculation with VAM1 increased root dry weight. Also artemisinin improved with AMF inoculation that enhance the essence quality, increased in inoculated plant compared to control plants. These results demonstrate that AMF increase artemisinin content, essential oil production and biomass in an herbaceous species rich in commercially valued essential oils. Therefore, AMF potentially represent an alternative way of promoting growth of this important medicinal herb, as natural ways of growing such crops are currently highly sought after in the herbal industry.

5 illus, 4 tables, 29 ref

007475   Aadhan K;Anand S P (Botany Dep, National College(Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu) : Traditional herbal medicines for the treatment of snake bite and scorpion sting by the Paliyar's tribes of Sathuragiri hills. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(2), 1-5.

This paper documents the traditional knowledge of herbal medicinal plants that are in use by ethnic people of Paliyar tribes of Sathuragiri hills, Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary of a part Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. From this study totally 40 plant species were documented they coming under 24 families belongs to 39 genera to treat 29 species for snake bite and 22 plant species used to treat scorpion sting. Details of these plants listed with in this study details of the plants used for snake bite, scorpion sting with local name, part used and methods of preparation dosage and the mode of administrations were discussed.

1 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

006514   Yadav D K;Bharitkar Y P;Chatterjee K;Ghosh M; Mondal N B;Swarnakar S (Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Div, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), Kolkata-700 032, Email: snehasiktas@hotmail.com) : Importance of neem leaf: an insight into its role in combating diseases. Indian J expl Biol 2016, 54(11), 708-18.

The neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is a tropical evergreen tree (Fam. Meliacae; Subfam. Melioideae) traditionally well known for its medicinal value. Beneficialt effects of different parts of neem are attributed to its biologically active principle 'Azadirachtin'. Apart from Indian subcontinent, neem is widely used in African countries as therapeutics, preservatives and insecticides. Neem leaves, natural source of flavonoids, polyphenols, isoprenoids, sulphurous and polysaccharides, play important role in scavenging the free radical and subsequently arresting disease pathogenesis. Considerable research has gone into neem for developing cost effective and non-toxic products. The present review has compiled different phytochemicals isolated from neem leaves, methods of extraction and their therapeutic use in preventing several diseases. Here, we highlighted the mechanism of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of neem leaf that underscores the disease through regulation of physiological responses. Also, multiple roles of neem leaf and commercial use of neem formulation as an alternative in paving a frontier in the field of drug discovery are discussed.

5 illus, 91 ref

006513   Vekariya S R;Jani S;Taviad K;Harisha C R; Acharya R N (PhD Scholar, Dravyaguna Dep, IPGT &RA, Gujarat Ayurved Univ, Jamnagar, Gujarat) : Comparative micro morphological and microscopic evaluation of Croton tiglium Linn. and Baliospermum montanum Muell.-Arg. seeds. Int J herb Med 2017, 5(1), 18-24.

The seeds of Croton tiglium Linn. and Baliospermum montanum Muell.-Arg., belongs to Euphorbiaceae family, are considered to be the botanical source of Ayurvedic raw drug Dantibeeja, for the management of various disorders. The similarities and dissimilarities between the two seed drugs can be well studied through pharmacognostical investigations. The present study was carried out to compare the micro-morphological characteristics of C. tiglium and B. montanum seed. The seeds were collected from the authenticated botanical sources and evaluated for their morphological, microscopical and quantitative microscopic characters following standard procedures. The transverse section of both the seed samples revealed the presence of aleurone grains, epidermis of cotyledon, epidermis of testa, rosette crystals of calcium oxalate, endosperm cells and oil globules. Micro morphological study results showed that the seeds of C tiglium are greater than that of B. montanum. Microscopical characters depicted the presence of rosette crystals of calcium oxalate and secretary cavity in C. tiglium whereas prismatic crystals in B. montanum. The seeds of C. tiglium and B. montanum differ from each other both in morphological as well as microscopic characters.

7 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

006512   Vaishali J;Khilari P;Sharma P P (Research Centre in Botany, Shri Muktanand-College, Gangapur-431 109, Email: drppsharma6848@gmailcom) : Total lipid content of some wildedible fruits using conventional and ultrasound. J advd scient Res 2016, 7(2), 20-24.

The present communication deals with the investigation of lipid contents of some wild fruits of Diospyros melanoxylon, Pithecellobium dulce, Carrisa congesta, Lantena camera, opuntia and Aegle marmelis. The total crude lipid determination was conducted using conventional and ultrasound assisted extraction technique using methanol, methanol-chloroform and petroleum ether as a solvent. It has been observed that ultrasound assisted extraction is superior in terms of time (1-2 hr) and yield of the crude lipids. As there is no detailed work done on lipid profile of nutritious wild fruits as such, present study focused on the food value and exploration of underutilized edible fruits in Maharashtra, India.

3 illus, 2 tables, 40 ref

006511   Tripathi S P M;Tiwari J P (Botany Dep, M.L.K.P.G. College, Balrampur, Email: spmtripathi6102@gmail.com) : Study on Cladophora kuetz from Tarai region of Uttar Pradesh. Envir Conserv J 2016, 17(3), 25-6.

The paper deals with 23 taxa of genus Cladophora which includes 20 genera 13 species and 5 varieties. Of these Clinloplioni fracta Kuetz, Cladophora limformis Grun, Cladpliora intermedia Koslie, Clatlophora uberrima Lambert and Clailiiplioru crispatu are new records for the area.

12 ref

006510   Tripathi S P M (Botany Dep, M.L.K.P.G. College, Balrampur-271 201, Email: spmtripathi6102@gmail.com) : Survey of Caloechaete species from Ramgarh tal Gorakhpur (U.P.) India. Envir Conserv J 2016, 17(3), 115-16.

Present paper deals with genus Colcochaete which includes 18 genera 22 species and 4 varieties. Of these Coleochaete IMiulosoluta Gauthier Lievre, Coleochaete divergens Pringsheitn, Coleochaete conchata Moenius, Coleochaete orbicularis Kutzing Coleochaete Awadhiellagen and Coleochaete pulvinata Indica are new record for Ramgarh Tal Gorakhpur.

17 ref

006509   Tripathi S P M (Botany Dep, M.L.K.P.G. College, Balrampur-271 201, Email: spmtripathi6102@gmail.com) : Study on bark algae Trentepoholia species from Purvanchal and bordering area of Bihar. Envir Conserv J 2016, 17(3), 107-8.

The paper deals with 20 taxa of Trentepoholia which includes 23 species 21 genera and 4 varieties. Of these Trentepoholia iolithus Walroth, Trentepoholiadia ieptaHariot, Trentepoholia aurea Martius, Trentepoholia arborum Agardh and Trentepoholia umbrina Bornet are first time reported from Purvanchal and bordering area of Bihar, They constitute new record for the area.

27 ref

006508   Tripathi S P M (Botany Dep, M.L.K.P.G. College, Balrampur-271 201, Email: spmtripathi6102@gmail.com) : Diversity of Draparnaldia species from rice fields of Garwha Allahabad (U.P.) India. Envir Conserv J 2016, 17(3), 85-6.

Fourteen species of Draparnaldia were reported from Rice fields of Garwha Allahabad. Of these Draparnaladia iyengarii Tiwari and Pnndey, Druparituldiu duskacharyi Yadav, Draparnaldia bori Nizamii, Draparnaldia bory Plumosa and Drapumahlia bisiach Agradh are first time reported from Garwha Allahabad, they constitute new record for the area.

26 ref

006507   Tripathi S P M (Botany Dep, M.L.K.P.G. College, Barampur-271 201, Email: spmtripathi6102@gmail.com) : Diversity of Pithophora species from Tarai region of Uttar Pradesh. Envir Conserv J 2016, 17(3), 45-6.

Total of 14 genera 16 species and 3 varieties of Pithophora species were reported. Of these Pithophora roetelleri Agardh, Pithophora sumatrana Mart, Pithophora varia Willie, Pithophora eleveana Wittrock and Pithophora (let/ualis Zonard are first time reported from the Tarai region. They constitute new record for the area.

30 ref

006506   Tripathi S P M (Botany Dep, M.L.K.P.G. College, Balrampur-271 201, Email: spmtripathi6102@gmail.com) : Morphological study on Stigeoclonium species from Bihar lake Pratapgarh (U.P.) India. Envir Conserv J 2016, 17(3), 31-2.

The paper deals with taxa of genus Stigeoclonium which includes 22 genera 24 species and 3 varities. Of these Stigeoclonium farctum Berthold, Stigeoclonium longipilum Kuetz, Stigeoclonium variable Naegili, Stigeoclonium fascicularis Kuetz and Stigeocloniumpachydermum Prescott have been reported for the first time from Bihar lake, they constitute new record for the area.

23 ref

006505   Srivastava R;Mishra R M;Awasthi A (NO, APS Univ, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, Email: ratnewsh.s@adityabirla.com) : Phytosociological studies on certain plants of Awarpur (Maharashtra). Int J Pharm Life Sci 2016, 7(3), 4930-6.

Phytosociology is the study of the vegetation at a particular site is the result of interactions of the various climatic and bio-edaphic factors. The predominance of a particular plant species also indicates its adaptability on a particular site within a given set of environmental factors. Thus, the study of floristic composition of plant species at a site quantitative terms may give important insight about the complex dynamics of ecological changes taking place in space and time. The present paper deals with the study phytosociological aspets of 30 medicinal plants present is Awarpur study site of MH.

2 tables, 7 ref

006504   Singh P S;Vidyasagar G M (Botany Dep, Palamuru Univ, Mahabubnagar, Telangana) : In vitro antimycotic activity of ethanolic young leaves extract of Argemone mecicana L.. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(1), 1-3.

Antimycotic Activity (Agar well diffusion technique) of ethanolic leaf extract of Argemone mexicana L. (Papaveraceae) was evaluated against mycotic fungi namely Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum gypseum, dimorphic fungi such as Candida albicans, and saprophytic fungi like Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and pathogenic bacteria like, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Bacillus subtilis. Maximum antimycotic activity was observed against M gypseum (13 mm) followed by T. rubrum (11 mm), C. albicans (9 mm), A. flavus (8.4 mm), A. niger (8 mm). Among bacteria tested, B. subtilis showed maximum inhibition of 8.2 mm followed by E. coli (8 mm) and S. aureus (7.5 mm). The MIC was determined against all the test fungal and bacterial strains. The sensitivity of the tset organisms varied with the species and strains. The study provides basis for the isolation and purifiction of anti-dermatophytic compounds from the leaves of Argemone mexicana L.

2 illus, 2 tables, 8 ref

006503   Singh D;Sati S C;Sati M D (Chemistry Dep, H.N.B. Garhwal (A Central Univ), Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarkhand) : In vitro antimicrobial activity of Himalayan medicinal plant Pholidota articulata. Int J herb Med 2016, 4(6), 1-3.

The antimicrobial activity of the all extracts of Pholidota articulata were studied against five and three fungal stain. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Pholidota articulata extract was 50μg/ml against Salmonella enterica Typhim The ethyl acetate extract of Pholidota articulata showed significant activity 18±1mm, 16±1mm and 14±1mm against Klebsiella pneumonia Salmonella enterica Typhim and E. coli against food poisoning bacteria and the order of the species based on total antibacterial activity is as follows: Klebsiella pneumonia <62> Salmonella enterica Typhim <62> Escherichia coli and phytochemical screening for the presence of glycosides, alkaloids, phenols and tannins.

3 tables, 11 ref

006502   Singh D P;Khattar J S;Alka;Gurdeep Kaur;Singh Y (Botany Dep, Punjabi Univ, Patiala-147 002, Punjab, Email: dp.khokhar@rediffmail.com) : Toxicological effect of pretilachlor on some physiological processes of cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PUPCCC 64. J appl Biol Biotechnol 2016, 4(1), 12-19.

The toxicological effects of herbicide Pretilachlor on photosynthesis, respiration and nitrogen assimilation of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PUPCCC 64 has been studied. Treatment of the test organism with Pretilachlor (10, 15 and 20 mg L-1) negatively affected its growth, soluble proteins, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis and respiration in a dose dependent manner. Soluble cellular proteins decreased in range of 14-52%. Although herbicide affected all the photosynthetic pigments, maximum effect was observed on carotenoids (76% decrease) followed by allophycocyanin (61% decrease). Pretilachlor caused 49% decrease in photosynthetic rates. Studies on photochemical activity revealed that the herbicide affected both photosystems (PS-I and PS-II) as well as whole chain photosynthetic electron transport activity. The rate of respiration decreased in the range of 24-59% in the presence of herbicide. Decrease in photosynthetic as well as respiration rates ultimately resulted in decreased nitrogen assimilation as revealed by 50% reduction each in nitrate and nitrite uptake and 33% reduction in ammonium uptake along with 21-32% decrease in nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase and glutamine synthetase activity. The main toxic effect of Pretilachlor on the test organism appears to be on photosynthesis, and the effect on other physiological processes is a consequence of toxic effects of Pretilachlor on photosynthetic machinery.

7 illus, 2 tables, 58 ef

006501   Shilajan S;Menon S;Yeragi M;Hande H;Singh A (Herbal Research Lab, Ramnarian Ruia College, Matunga (East), Mumbai-400 019, Email: sunitashailajan@gmail.com) : Estrogenic activity of standardised extracts of ethnomedicinal plants as a combination for the management of menopausal symptoms. J advd scient Res 2016, 7(1), 43-8.

Ethno medicinal plants viz. Vitex negundo L. (fruits), Linum usitatissimum L. (seeds) and Asteracantha longifolia Nees. (seeds) have been claimed for their potential use in women's health problems. These plants have been a part of various traditional formulations available in the market for the management of menopausal syndrome individually or in combination. The study aimed to standardize β-sitosterol rich extracts of V. negundo, L. usitatissimum and A. longifolia individually and in combination for the management of menopausal syndrome using ovariectomized rats for estrogenic activity. In the present work, extracts of V. negundo, L. usitatissimum and A. longifolia have been standardized using HPTLC in terms of their β-sitosterol content. These plants as well as their polyherbal combination were evaluated for their efficacy in terms of production of 17β-estrogen in ovariectomized rats. Effect on histoarchitecture of the uterus, uterine weight, changes glycogen levels, G6PDH, LDH, 17β-estrogen and progesterone were also analyzed. Among the two doses administered in ovariectomized rats, high dose of polyherbal combination was found to be more efficacious than the low dose and the individual plants. Present work establishes synergistic effect of these three ethnomedicinal plant extracts as a combination in a dose dependent manner. The enhanced estrogenic activity of polyherbal combination is clearly evident with the results of current study and comparable with estradiol valerate treatment. Thus, these results justify the use of standardized extracts as a polyherbal combination which can be used as an adjunct therapy in the management of menopause symptoms.

2 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref

006500   Sharma R (School of Life Sciences, Pt Ravishankar Shukla Univ, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, Email: rashmisharma689@gmail.com) : Medicinal plants diversity in Bhilai city district Durg, Chhattisgarh, India. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2016, 7(3), 4952-66.

Chhattisgarh is a rich herbal state in India. The state is covered with 44.00% forest part. Present paper is conducted in Bhilai city; district Durg, Chhattisgarh, India. The study revealed the 198 plant species (86 Herbs, 44 Shrub, 61 Tree, 7 Climber) belonging to 69 families. A list of plant species along with their family, Botanical Name, Common Name, Part used, Medicinal uses with the help of available literature. Which indicate the heterogeneous floristic composition in the Bhilai city, District Durg, Chhattisgarh, India. Maximum species diversity was recorded, under the Family Fabaceae. Herbaceous medicinal plants showed their maximum presence in the Bhilai City.

2 illus, 4 tables, 14 ref