006499   Sharma J;Raina A K (Environmental Sciences Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu-180 006, Email: anilkraina@yahoo.com) : Medicinal plants of lamberi forest range, Rajouri, J&K, India. Envir Conserv J 2016, 17(1-2), 153-60.

Enumeration of plants with medicinal properties in Lamberi Forest Range, Rajouri J&K revealed 56 plant species belonging to 50 genera and 36 families that can be used to cure different kind of diseases like jaundice, pyorrhea, cough, cold, skin diseases etc. Plant part(s) used to cure these diseases include whole plant (15 spp.), leaves (14 spp.), underground parts comprising of root, rhizome or tuber (11 spp.), fruit (8 spp.), bark (6 species), flower (5 spp.) and seeds (5 spp.). Family Asteraceae (6 spp.) has the maximum number of species followed by Euphorbiaceae (5 spp.) and Lamiaceae (3 spp.). Threats faced by plants in the study area include anthropogenic activities like over-grazing, clearing of forests for agricultural practices, timber extractions, construction of roads and forest fires. The common name, parts and purpose for which these are used and their status has also been presented.

2 tables, 23 ref

006498   Satpathy S;Jana G K (Environmental Sciences Dep, Sambalpur Univ, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, Email: pandeydeepak400@gmail.com) : Antipyretic and anti inflammatory activity of hill glory bower in experimental animal models. Int J herb Med 2017, 5(2), 16-17.

The Hill glory bower, (Clerodendrum infortunatum), is a perennial shrub belonging to the family Lamiaceae, also sometimes classified under Verbenaceae. It is the type species among <126>400 species of Clerodendrum. It is one of the most well-known natural health remedies in traditional practices and traditional medicine. The antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activity of the leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum was studied. The solvent extraction of the finely ground leaves was done by hot continuous Hydroalcoholic extraction using Soxhlet apparatus. Adult wistar albino rats 130-160 gm. were taken for experimentation. The Hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum showed effective antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activity.

2 illus, 2 tables, 2 ref

006497   Sarver J;Dubey S;Atri R K (Botany Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu-180 006, Email: siddarth1715@gmail.com) : Diversity and ethnomedicinal uses of flowering plants of District Reasi, of J&K-North West Himalayas (India). Envir Conserv J 2016, 17(1-2), 1-11.

Conventional medicines are very important part of Indian culture. In the study, the outcome of 2 years survey of ethnomedicinal uses of flowering plants in District Reasi and nearby area is reported. Information related to different plants which are used by the local tribes i.e. Gujjar, Bakerwal, Paharis and Gaddis etc. in the treatment of many common diseases and well being in the area was collected. Data on the uses of medicinal plants were collected by negotiations and conversations with the local communities. Approximately 80 species of flowering plants belonging to 47 families and 77 genera used by the local healers were reported. Further, 80 plant species collected from the study area belongs to different 4 different life forms viz. trees, shrubs, herbs and climbers. Herbs dominated the floral composition with 32 species (40%) followed by shrubs represented by 23 species (28.75%), trees 22 species (27.5%) and climbers are represented by only 3 species (3.75%). Out of 80 families, Asteraceae dominate the floral composition comprised of 6 genera and 6 species (7.5%) followed by Euphorbiaceae represented by 3 genera and 5 species (6.25%) and Rosaceae and Lamiaceae represented by 4 genera and 4 species each (5%) were the dominant families. Fabaceae, Rutaceae and Acanthaceae represented by 3 genera and 3 species and Moraceae contributed 2 genera and 3 species while rest all represented by single genera and two species each. The utilization pattern of the species indicated that different parts of the plants viz. leaves are used most widely (46 species) followed by roots (17 species), fruits (14 species), whole plant (13 species), bark (12 species), seeds (07 species), flower (06 species), resin and latex are known to use against various ailments. The medicines are prepared in the form of powder, decoction, infusion, paste, juice, extract and pill etc.

3 illus, 1 table, 25 ref

006496   Saranya D;Ravi R (Botany Dep, Govt. Arts College, Udhagamandalam-643 002) : The leaf of Nilgiri Rhododendron: A potent antimicrobial agent against medically critical human pathogens. Int J Pharmac 2016, 3(6), 251-6.

Several reports are available for Rhododendron arboreum which is limited to its subspecies nilagiricum. The present study intended to examine the bioactive compounds and the antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of R. arboreum Sm spp. nilagiricum (Zenker) Tagg against medically important four bacterial(Streptococcus pyogene, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia) and two fungal (Candida albicans and Trichoderma viride) strains. Agar well diffusion method is applied to assess the antimicrobial activity of the aqueous and methanol extracts of the plant sample. Various fractions of aqueous, ethanol, methanol and chloroform extracts confirmed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavanoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, steroids, carbohydrates, glycosides, amino acids and proteins. The methanol extract of leaf revealed a promising antibacterial and antifungal activity against S. aureus and T. viride respectively. This study shows a broad and great therapeutic potential of the leaf extract. However further studies are necessary for this potent leaf extracts to evaluate the other parameters of antimicrobial efficacy.

2 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

006495   Sandey H;Sharma A (Botany Dep, C V Raman Univ Kota Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh) : Ethnomedicinal plants of achanakmar-amarkantak tiger reserve of Chhattisgarh. J scient lett 2016, 1(3 sppl), 216-22.

Ethnobotany is the relationship between plants and people. The word ethnobotany literally means the study of botany of the primitive human race. This term was first applied by Harshberger in 1896 to the study of plants used by primitives and aboriginal people. Ethnobotany is a distinct branch of natural science dealing with various aspects such as Anthropology, Archaeology, Botany, Ecology, Economics, Medicine, religious, cultural and several other disciplines. Ethnobotany is usually defined as anthropological approach to Botany. There are several methods of ethnobotanical research and those relevant to medicinal plants are archaeological search in literature, herbaria and the field studies. During recent years ethnobotanical studies have gained much importance. In the present study ethnobotanical studies have been conducted on some plants of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Tiger Reserves of Chhattisgarh. Achanakmar-Amarkantak Tiger Reserve forest of Chhattisgarh area is mainly dominated by Baiga tribals. Baiga tribe of India are a primitive tribe and lives in natural places of Maikal hills and depend on forest and forest plants for their livelihood. The study aim to document their food plant, medicinal plants and its collection practices in ATR. The study showed that Piper betle, Rauvolfia serpentina, Prosopis cineraria, Pongamia pinnata, Eucalyptus citriodora, Thuja occidentalis, Aloe vera, Emblica officinalis, Dendrocalamus strictus, Cynodon dactylon, Tinospora cardifolia, Terminalia chebula etc. have medicinal uses such as, abscess, asthma, abortion, burning sensation, blood pressure, cough, chickenpox, constipation, dysentery, diarrhoea, diabetes, eczema, fever, fracture, headache, heart disease, itches, jaundice, menstrual disease, paralysis, skin disease, snake-bite, sex problem, tooth disease, vomiting, wound, worm and others.

1 table, 9 ref

006494   Ravat R H;John P (Plant Pathology Dep, N.M. College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural Univ, Navsari-396 540, Email: priyajohn75@gmail.com) : Macrofungal diversity in Dangs district, Gujarat, India. Int J Sci Nat 2016, 7(3), 477-482.

Mushroom is a macro fungus with a distinctive fruiting body, which can be either epigeous or hypogeous and large enough to be seen with naked eye and can be picked by hand. Dangs distict is one of the richest floristic areas located in between 20.39° to 21.05° north latitude and 73.29° to 73.51° east longitude with a wide range of ecosystem and species diversity. Studies on the taxonomy and diversity of macrofungi are gaining importance, as many macrofungi are becoming extinct and facing threat of extinction because of habitat destruction. The current study deals with the studies on morphological characterization of fleshy fungi from Dangs district; the average rain fall is about 3,048 mm. The average maximum and minimum temperature is 22°C. A survey was conducted from July 2012 to December 2012 at 5 selected sampling stations (Waghai, Kukadnakhi, Chichingavtha, Kudkachh and Bhenskatri) of Dangs using the opportunistic sampling method. The fleshy fungi were collected and photographed. They were further detected morphologically and taxonomically. From the collected 111 samples, a total of 37 species were identified after grouping the similar samples into the same genus. They were identified with the help of available literature. Among them Auricularia polytricha, Schizophyllum commune, Xylaria carpophila, Ganoderma applanatum, Macrolepiota procera, Clavulina cristata, Psathyrella candolleana were observed as most dominant species and found at all selected places and Ascobolus furfuraceus, Calocera cornea, Crepidotus variabulis, Phellodon confluence were very rarely collected during the survey. In Ascomycota, 3 families reported were Pyrenomataceae, Xylariaceae and Ascobolaceae. Among the phylum Basidiomycota, 18 families reported were Auriculariaceae, Agaricaceae, Crepidotaceae, Marasmiaceae, Pleurotaceae, Physalacriaceae, Psathyrellaceae, Tricholomataceae, Schizophyllaceae, Cantharellaceae, Clavulinaceae, Dacrymycetaceae, Hymenochetaceae, Ganodermataceae, Meruliaceae, Phallaceae, Russulaceae and Bankeraceae.

13 ref

006493   Pramod Kumar (Botany Dep, HNB Garhwal Univ Campus, Badshahithaul, Tehri-249 199, Email: drpramodsrt@gmail.com) : Floristic composition of Agrakhal-Kunjapuri area of District Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India. Envir Conserv J 2016, 17(1-2), 17-32.

The present area of investigation lies at the elevation from 1300 to 1800 m in the montane zone of Garhwal Himalaya and is covered with dense oak forest. It is situated at a distance of 10 km northwards from Narendra Nagar town of district Tehri Garhwal. For recording the flora of the study area, extensive field studies were conducted for three years (December 1993 to November 1996). The floristic exploration yielded 456 species of vascular plants belonging to 306 genera and 95 families. Among the plant forms the biggest group was of herbs (320 species) followed by shrubs with 84 species and trees with 37 species. The plant diversity of the study area consisted of 439 species of angiosperms (343 dicots and 96 monocots) belonging to 293 genera (218 of dicots and 75 monocots) and 84 families (71 of dicots and 13 of monocots). Pinus roxburghii and Cedrus deodara represented the gymnospermous group. Among Pteridophytes 14 species belong to ferns and one to fern-allies. The plant diversity of the area is quite rich with all habit forms of a Varity of vascular plants. The minimum diversity on south and south-west slopes may be attributed to drier condition. South-east slope had the highest diversity because it consisted of scattered woody vegetation which caused the development of more herbaceous species. The road side vegetation had maximum number of exotic species including the invaders.

1 table, 32 ref

006492   Pradhan S;Pradhan S (NO, , Green Paradise, Plot No. 116(1), Vivekananda Nagar, Sonepur-767 017, Email: drshushilpradhan@gmail.com) : Ecology conservation of insectivorous medicinal plant drosera through tissue culture. Bionotes 2016, 18(4), 132.

1 illus, 4 ref

006491   Pequeno A;Miranda Y;Rodriguez G;Valvarde V; Alvarez L;Da Silva T;Da Silva Junior V (Anatomy Dep, Univ Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica) : The genus Whiteringia:A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Int J herb Med 2017, 5(2), 11-15.

The genus Witheringia belongs to Solanaceae family. Some of its species are widely used in traditional medicine to cure several disorders such as diabetes, cancer, malaria, helminthic infections, inflammatory disorders, digestive problems and others manifestations like fever, skin disease and general pain. The phytochemistry of this genus has been poorly studied, however some researchers reported the presence of some phytoconstituents which includes alkaloids, saponnins, tannins, flavonoids, anthraquinones and different types of withanolides such as physalins B, D and F. The physalins have attracted much attention in recent years due to their various biological activities. Despite the few studies, this plant has a promising pharmacological value for its various biological activities namely, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antimalarial and antidiabetic activities which are reported in the extracts of leaves and its phyto compounds of this plant. An overview of the current knowledge of the ethnopharmacology and phytochemical of the genus Witheringia and its physalins compounds is presented in this review.

1 illus, 61 ref

006490   Patel R;Sharma A (Botany Dep, C V Raman Univ Kota Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh) : Botanical study of vegtable cultivation in pussore area raigarh Chhattisgarh. J scient lett 2016, 1(3 sppl), 206-15.

The botanical study of vegetable cultivation in Pussore area of Raigarh was made, the reports were documented about vegetable cultivation use of 5-6 plant species described in which different type, method of cultivation and also use of different type of fertilizer for the production of vegetable crops were examined. The aim of the present survey of vegetable cultivation is to solve the problem of use of different type of bio-fertilizer and distance of cultivating plant. The cultivation of vegetable plant is important for research because it is economical plant for farmer. In these areas the people cultivate different vegetables every season. The process of cultivation of vegetable is very interesting because every farmer explains the different type of the process of cultivation. The problem of weed insect / pest and other harmful organism and their control measures such as biological chemical and local were also studied. Productivity of vegetable is calculated by the frequency density and abundance of cultivating vegetable. Every condition for productivity is different; the condition atmosphere disease and control pattern of every cultivating area is being assessed in the study. The juice of Mahua (Madhuka indica) is used as vitamin source. Leaf of Ipomoea, Neem and Bhang mixed and sprayed which gives relief and prevent all type of disease in Brinjal (Solanum melongena). Cow, Bull, Pigeon, Goat, Hen and many more dung were used as a chemical Fertilizer like Urea Phosphate Potash etc. Cow urine was also used in place of the insecticide. These all biofertilizers were very important for nitrogen assimilation by plants.

11 ref

006489   Pascal O A;Bertrand A E V;Esaie T;Sylvie H A M;Eloi A Y (NO, Lab of Ethnopharmacology and Animal Health, Faculty of Agronomics Sciences Univ of Abomey Calavi 01 P.O. Box 526 Continou-Benin) : Review of the ethnomedical uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the Euphorbia genus. Pharma Innovation 2017, 6(1), 34-9.

The genus Euphorbia (spurges, Euphorbiaceae) is the third largest genus of flowering plants, with almost 2000 species. These species was distributed throughout the world. Uses of the plants to treat diseases vary according to the population. In India, many species of Euphorbia are used in the treatment of asthma and respiratory tract inflammations. Moreover, especially in Angola, some species of spurges are used against diarrhea, skin ailments, gonorrhea, tumours, asthma, coughs, and dysentery. Phytochemistry studies showed that the Euphorbia genus contain mainly, triterpenoids, diterpenoids, flavonoids, tannin and polyphenol. The investigation of biological activity of these compounds sowed different response according to the molecules extract. Many diterpenoids know to have cytotoxicity and anticancer activity. The tripernoids and flavonoids of Euphorbia genus were useful to treat the anti-inflammation and inhibition of virus replication.

4 illus, 1 table, 41 ref

006488   Nandagopalan V;Doss A;Marimuthu C (Botany Dep, National College, Tiruchirappalli) : Ethnobotanical studies on useful plants of Pahamalai hills of Tiruchirappalli district of Tamil Nadu. J advd scient Res 2016, 7(1), 14-9.

An ethnobotanical survey was carried out among the rural communities of Pachamalai, Tiruchirappalli district, Tamilnadu for identifies and documentation of traditional medicinal plants used for the treatments of various ailments occurs in their daily life. A total of 122 species of ethnomedicinal plants belonging to 51 families were reported with the help of standard flora among rural community. The medicinal plants used by rural communities are arranged alphabetically followed by botanical name, family name, parts used and their therapeutic uses.

4 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

006487   Mehar A;Sharma A (Botany Dep, C V Raman Univ Kota Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh) : Floral diversity of different nursery in raigarh area of Chhattisgarh. J scient lett 2016, 1(3 sppl), 198-205.

Over the recent years, a great deal of effort has been made to grow healthy nursery in different climate and timing over the year. It has been reported that nursery can be accurately grown and developed under controlled environment such as a specific limitation of temperature, rain, and sun lighting conditions. However, it is not straight forward to achieve the same accuracy level in real environment because of considerable variations in weather, illumination conditions and it is challenging to grow a healthy nursery for a normal or small farmer. So it would be a good business to grow and sale the different plat nursery in different weather condition. In this study, different method to grow nursery plant in a challenging weather condition has been discussed. The plant nursery study was conducted in different area of Raigarh District of Chhattisgarh. The study documented nursery plant use of 92 plant species in different area. The aim of present survey is to gain knowledge of every plant and their medicinal uses.

1 table, 11 ref

006486   Lavanya R;Pattar P V (Botany Dep, Davagere Univ, Shivangothri, Davangere, Karnataka) : Traditional knowledge on folk medicine by rural women in Chikkanayakanahalli Taluk, Tumkur district, Karnataka. Int J herb Med 2017, 5(2), 5-10.

Ethno medicinal knowledge is the ancient herbal plant knowledge transmitted over a period of time explaining the relationship between plants and traditional people for mutual care and benefit. Moreover, women are the knowledge carriers but still their knowledge is going unrecognized. The present studies have revealed 32 plant species belonging to 23 families that are used for various purposes by traditional healers. Leaves were found most frequently used part for primary healthcare by rural women including other various parts. Therefore, the maximum use of leaves medicinal purpose indicates either these plants are easily availability or they may have strong medicinal properties. The analysis of habits of plants documented, showed that herbs share the largest proportion with 14 species (44%) followed by trees with 11species (34%), shrubs with 6 species (19%) and climbers with 1 species (3%) and also plant parts used in study area for traditional practices. Documentation of primary health care by rural women and their participation in traditional practices is very important to our society. It will not only help in purpose of plant conservation and economical utilization of folk plants but would also lead development of employment generation among the local people.

1 illus, 1 table, 35 ref

006485   Kharwal A D;Rawat D S (Botany Dep, Govt. Degree College, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh) : Ethno-botanical important climbers and lianas of Shivalik hills, Himachal Pradesh (India). Int J herb Med 2017, 5(1), 46-9.

Plants are the basis of life on earth and are central to people's livelihood. Glimpses of our knowledge in ethno-medicine are available to Vedic text and there is an inextricable link between indigenous culture and biodiversity as areas of high biodiversity are often found on indigenous community's lands. Ethno botany involves the reciprocal and dynamic aspect of the interaction of indigenous people with plants. This precious knowledge needs to be properly documented and conserved for the benefit of the present and future generations. North-Western Himalayas in India are well-known for their rich floral diversity, traditionally used as home remedies and form and important part of Himalayan folk medicine. The local communities and rural populace of Shivalik hills use 12 climbers and 4 lianas (13 dicots and 3 monocots) belonging to 9 families for their ethno-medicinal importance. Local communities not only use these climbers and lianas but also care for their conservation and protection; thus contributing towards sustainable development.

2 tables, 24 ref

006484   Khajuria A K;Bisht N S (Botany Dep, H.N.B. Garhwal Univ Campus, Pauri, PAURI (Garhwal), Uttarakhand) : Ethnomedicinal plants used to treat nephrolithiasis: a case study Pauri (PAURI garhwal), Uttarakhand. Int J herb Med 2017, 5(1), 10-13.

Survey of temperate forest of Pauri, (Pauri Garhwal) was conducted to document the potential medicinal plants against nephrolithiasis in the present investigation. Nephrolithiasis is a condition marked by the presence of stone or infection caused by it in urinary system, which is recurrent issue and makes it one of the major health problems of world and at the same time challengeable disease for management and curing. Plants as an alternative source for its management are one of the brighter hope for curing this ailment. Present study revealed that 30 plants from 24 families were observed to have the potential of anti-nephrolithiasis property.

2 tables, 27 ref

006483   Kavita M;Rakshe A;Mokat D (Botany Dep, Savitribai Phule Pune Univ, Pune-411 007, Email: parimalsai@gmail.com) : Pharmacognostic studies of drug Spermadictyon suaveolens Roxb.. Int J Pharmac 2016, 3(5), 234-239.

The stem of Spermadictyon suaveolens Roxb. (Rubiaceae) was evaluated for its pharmacognostic characteristics. The stem was assessed for its macroscopic, organoleptic, microscopic and phytochemical characters. The macroscopic study revealed variation in color of stem when fresh and dried. The macroscopic evaluation was studied with parameters viz. colour, odour, shape and surface in fresh and dry condition. Quantitative microscopical data of wood elements as well as stomatal index studied through standard procedures. Total ash, acid insoluble ash, percentage extractives and fluorescence analysis in addition tannin, flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin in alcoholic extract of stem powder recorded during investigation. The quantitative estimation of protein, carbohydrate and oil was carried out by different scientific denoted methods. In the propagation study through the stem cutting showed maximum percent sprouting in the treatment IAA 100 ppm (65%) and maximum percent survival in the treatment IAA 100 ppm (60%) followed by IAA 50 ppm (42%). Antioxidant assay by using Superoxide Dismutase showed positive results 96.7% in dark condition.

6 illus, 9 tables, 19 ref

006482   Kasali F M;Masunda A T;Maddarhi J K;Matambura A B;Tshibangu D S T;Negbdua K T N;Kadima J N;Mpiana P T (Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Official Univ of Bukavu, BP 570, Bukavu) : Assessment of antidiabetic activity and acut toxicity of leaf extracts from Solanum nigrum L.(Solanaceae) in guinea-pigs. Int J herb Med 2016, 4(6), 14-19.

Hypoglycemic and antidiabetic activities and acute toxicity of extracts from leaves of Solanum nigrum L., an edible plant used in the Eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo against diabetes, were evaluated on guinea-pigs. The hypoglycemic activity was evaluated by glucose tolerance test by loading animal with glucose and measuring blood concentration at various times. For inducing experimental diabetes mellitus, Alloxan monohydrate was used in normal saline by subcutaneous administration and glibenclamide was used as standard drug. Acute toxicity was evaluated by recording mortality rate, changes on blood biomarkers and damage caused to vital organs. Obtained results showed a significant decrease (P<60>0.05) in blood glucose levels in guinea-pigs treated with the aqueous extract of S. nigrum both in hypoglycemic and antidiabetic tests. The decrease in the group treated with S. nigrum aqueous extract was sometimes more pronounced than that of the positive control group, justifying the use of this plant in traditional medicine in the management of diabetes. No death and side effects were observed for doses under 270 mg/kg bw but for doses upper than this value some side effects and death were noticed with 100% of death at the dose of 8640 mg/kg bw. The autopsy analysis in dead guinea-pigs showed the damage caused on vital organs such as kidney, liver; intestines, heart and lungs for intoxicated animals.

2 illus, 5 tables, 44 ref

006481   Karthika C;Mohamed Rafi K;Manivannan S (PG and Research Dep of Biotechnology, Bharath College of Science and Management, Thanjavur-613 005, Email: manivannanresearch@gmail.com) : Effect of different pretreatment on in vitro seed germination and seedling development of Senna alata Linn. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(5), 2157-62.

Senna alata is an important medicinal and ornamental flowering tree, in the subfamily of Caesalpinioideae, which was found in diverse habitat in the tropics. Leaves or sap are used to treat several infections such as skin diseases, bronchitis, asthma and ringworm. The present study was design to investigate for conserve the important medicinal plant by establishing an efficient in vitro seed germination method. The seed germination was gradually decreased by increasing the age of the seeds. The seeds were pretreatment with different chemicals such as, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid and distilled water. After pretreatment the seeds were surface sterilized with various concentration of mercuric chloride. The objective of the present study the effect of different pretreatment as in vitro seed germination and seedling development of S. alata Linn. Seed propagation is still used as a specialized tool for breeding and propagation of pathogen-free plant.

16 ref

006480   Judin J;Glory A;Vasudevan R;Sumathi P (Botany Dep, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu) : Preliminary analysis of secondary metabolites and antibacterial activity of Zingiber neesanam graham. Int J herb Med 2016, 4(6), 20-2.

The study was carried out on the plant Zingiber neesanum comes under the family Zingiberaceae. It is an aromatic stimulant and also medicinally important plant species. Various parameters such as phytochemical profiles of the entire parts of the plant by different solvent extracts were studied and the presence of important chemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids were identified. Methanolic extract of rhizome results the strong presence of alkaloid, flavonoids, terpenoids, sterol and phenols. Antibacterial activity of rhizome was studied by different bacterial strains. The rhizome extracts of chloroform and ethyl acetate were showed the effective antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacteria.

1 illus, 2 tables, 8 rf

006479   Jha A;Bansal Y K (Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Biological Science Dep, R. D. Univ, Jabalpur-482 001, Email: yogendrakbansal@rediffmail.com) : High frequency direct somatic embryogenesis from the juvenile shoot buds of Chlorophytum borivilianum Sant. et fernand and production of artificial seeds. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(5), 2040-9.

The study presents a protocol for mass propagation of Chlorophytum borivilianum through direct somatic embryogenesis. Direct somatic embryos occurred on the surface of juvenile shoot bud sprouts cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 5 mg L-1 BAP, yielding a high frequency of direct somatic embryos. On the other hand, a much lower concentration of BAP (0.5 mg L-1) led to the proliferation of somatic embryos. The conversion of somatic embryos with high MRN and MRL was favoured on BM. Encapsulation of somatic embryos (<5 mm) in calcium alginate beads resulted in the formation of well-formed synthetic seeds. Out of the synthetic seeds prepared from the somatic embryos (direct) using three types of gel matrices viz. DW, BM and SM, the ones formed using SM resulted in the highest frequency of germination (86.1%). Seed coat breakage and germination of synthetic seeds with the emergence of the tap roots were visible within 1-2 weeks of culture on basal medium. The plantlets obtained were successfully hardened on sand-soil-farmyard manure mixture with 85% survival rate. Hardened plantlets developed tubers comparable to the ones obtained in nature grown plants.

48 ref

006478   Jethva K;Bhatt D;Zaveri M (NO, K.B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nr. Gh-6 Circle, Sector 23, Gandhinagar, Gunarat) : Phytochemical evaluation and anti-tuberculosis activity of selected nine ethnomedicinal plants. Int J herb Med 2017, 5(1), 25-30.

Tuberculosis is one of the leading infectious disease and health burden in the world. It has been estimated that, one third of world's population including 40% from India estimated to be infected with tuberculosis. As plants are the important sources of diverse range of bioactive principles. The revival of interests in plant derived drugs is mainly due to the current widespread belief that green medicine is safe and more dependable than expensive synthetic drugs, which have adverse side. In this study nine healthy plants with medicinally potential were collected and different extracts were prepare to evaluate its phytochemical study and anti-tubercular activity on Mycobacterium smegmatis using two different models. There are many similarities between Mycobacterium smegmatis and the much more virulent obligate pathogens that are Mycobacteria. On the basis of both the models, form nine selected plants three plants A. vasika, O. sanctum and A. galanga shows maximum anti-tuberculosis activity at the MIC 100 μg/ml, 250 μg/ml and 250 μg/ml respectively. The present study has revealed the importance of plant extracts to control Mycobacterial infections which are being a threat to human health and for the development of alternate, safe and effective medicines.

3 tables, 27 ref

006477   Guha A;Datta S;Bhattacharjee D (Botany Dep, Women's College, Agartala, Tripura-799 001) : Karyotype analysis and biochemical estimation of Coccinia indica: an ethnomedicinal dioecious cucurbit of Tripura, North East India. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(1), 29-32.

Coccinia indica Wight and Arn. Commonly used as leafy vegetable in Tripura, North East India. Young leaves and fruits are used as vegetable in different forms of recipes of tribal and rural communities of this region. The cucurbit also widely used for its ethnomedicinal properties among them. The utility of the vegetable as good source of protein and total amino acids with low level of phenolics and sugar clearly indicated its significance as useful health diet and alternative food supplement to the common people. The somatic chromosome number and karyomorphological details were also investigated in these dioecious forms. Somatic chromosome number was found to be 2n=24 with karyotype formula A₂B₂₀C_X1D_Y1 and A₂B₂₀C_X2 in male and female sex forms. Diploid males are heterogametic with 22+XY and females are homogametic with 22+XX. The somatic chromosomes are generally short with median and submedian constrictions except the metacentric X and Y chromosome. X chromosomes are larger than other chromosome complements in both the sex forms and Y chromosome is conspicuously large. The chromosome count and constancy of the karyotype with biochemical analysis recorded in the present study.

3 illus, 3 tables, 74 ref

006476   Girija T P;Rema Shree A B (Post Graduate and Research, Botany Dep, MES Asmabi College, P. Vemballur, Thrissur, Kerala-680 671, Email: girijamanu@yahoo.in) : Comparative histological, histochemical and phyutochemical studies of the raw drug Jivanti from different raw drug markets of Kerala. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(5), 2122-6.

Jivanti is considered a stimulant and tonic in Ayurvedic literature. Its medicinal use dates back to about 4500 to 1600 BC, as mentioned in classical texts. Holostemma ada-kodien and Leptadenia reticulata are the two plants used in Ayurveda as source plants of the drug Jivanti. Roots of these plants are used in several Ayurvedic preparations. Though Ayurvedic Formulary of India mentions Leptadenia reticulata as the source plant of Jivanti, throughout Kerala and mostly in South India, Holostemma ada- kodien is used as source plants of Jivanti and there are reports regarding adulteration in market samples, which will adversely affect the quality of medicines prepared. Till now there is no significant study to compare the source plants available in markets as Jivanti. Present work is a comparative histological, histochemical and phytochemical study of the raw drug Jivanti from different raw drug markets of Kerala. This is a first time approach to develop quality control measures with the help of histological, histochemical and phytochemical tools.

11 ref

006475   Ghosh A;Mondal T;Dutta S (Botany Dep, UGC Centre for Advanced Study, The Univ of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal) : Ethnobotanical uses and studies of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza in the potential herbal medicinal plant 'Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f'. Int J herb Med 2016, 4(6), 23-5.

Aloe vera is a well known traditional medicinal plant cultivated throughout the world for different medicinal and commercial purpose. The plant Aloe is used for curing several diseases mainly connected with digestive system. The present study is the assessment of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal root colonization in two different districts, one from the hill area and another from land. They show around 95.5% root colonization in both areas averagely. In the root both vesicles and arbuscules were observed and spores are abundant from the both rhizospheric soil sample. Both the rhizospheric soils were dominated by Glomus species.

4 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

006474   Gayathri G;Nair B R;Babu V (Botany Dep, Kerala Univ, Kariavattom, North Campus, Trivandrum-695 581, Email: gaya3uty@yahoo.com) : Isolation and characterization of a triterpenoid from the leaves of Azima tetracantha lam.. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(5), 2090-6.

Azima tetracantha Lam. (Salvadoraceae) is a traditional medicinal plant primarily used for mother care treatments after delivery. Based on literature survey, it was noticed that the evaluation of the biopotential of A. tetracantha, and its phytoconstituents are scarcely reported from plant materials growing in the state of Kerala, India. An attempt was made to reveal the phytochemical profile of the plant using various chromatographic as well as spectroscopic techniques. A triterpenoid of friedelane derivative, was isolated from the leaves of A. tetracantha by employing chromatographic techniques like Column chromatography and thin layer chromatography (TLC), along with preparative TLC. The isolated compound was observed to be white coloured powder consisting of needle shaped crystals. The melting point of the isolated compound was found to be 261- 263 °C (uncorrected). The crystals were soluble in hexane, acetone, ethyl acetate and methanol. It was insoluble in water. Further spectroscopic characterization using ultra- violet spectroscopy (UV-Vis), infra red spectroscopy (FTIR), liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) and ^{1H-NMR. of the compound revealed it to be friedelin. Ab initio calculations of isolated compound at HF/3-21G* level of theory has generated an IR spectrum which showed strong signals for carbonyl oxygen (C=O) and C-H stretching of methyl groups similar to the experimental IR spectrum reported in the study. This computed IR spectrum matched perfectly with experimental IR spectrum, confirming the isolated compound to be friedelin.}

20 ref

006473   Firdaus A N;et al (Biology Dep, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kampus C Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia, Email: arif.nma-12@fst.unair.ac.id) : Biodiversity of edible macrofungi from Alas Purwo National Park. J biol Engng Res Rev 2016, 3(1), 26-9.

This research aimed to invent edible macrofungi in Alas Purwo National Park that can be used as alternative food sources. The method that was used in this research was the explorative method with descriptive analysis. The sampling proccess took place along the side trail of the tropical rainforest ecosystem of Alas Purwo National Park. The tropical rainforest ecosystem that was reached from Triangulasi Resort with geographics coordinates 8° 39' 20.9" S 114° 21' 39.2" E then going to northwest for around three kilometres until Sadengan Track with geographics coordinates 8° 39' 13.1" S 114° 22' 18.2" E. The other track was from Trangulasi Resort with geographics coordinates 8° 39' 20.9" S 114° 21' 39.2" E then going to east for around five kilometres until Pancur Track with geographics coordinates 8° 40' 38.91" S 114° 22' 25.90" E. The collections of macrofungi samples were limited until five metres left and five metres right of the track. The result of this research showed there were 40 different genera and 22 of them are edible. Those 22 genera are Auricularia, Cantharellus, Clavulina, Collybia, Coltricia, Coprinus, Crepidotus, Dictyophora, Flammulina, Geastrum, Hydnellum, Inocybe, Leucocoprinus, Marasmius, Meripilus, Mycena, Oligoporus, Peziza, Pleurotus, Polyporus, Psathyrella, and Tremella.

1 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

006472   Fenetahun Y;Eshetu G (NO, Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute, Harrar Biodiversity Center, Harrar, Ethiopia) : Review on ethnobotanical studies of medicinal plants use by agro-pastoral communities in, Ethiopia. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(1), 33-44.

Ethiopian plants have shown remarkably effective medicinal values. Medicinal plants and knowledge of their uses provides a vital contribution to human and livestock health care needs throughout Ethiopia. This paper reviews and discusses on role of medicinal-plant use by local communities, traditional utilization and management practices in Ethiopia. The literature review was done by collecting relevant information from journal articles, books and electronic resources. Despite the wide role of medicinal-plant use by local communities, traditional utilization and management practices are not well reviewed and documented. The review sums up the following key points on the management practice, current status and threats on medicinal plants.(1),Awareness raising activities should be undertaken additionally, (2), Attention should be given to the usage of traditional medicine and management and conservation activities, (3), Establishing Traditional Healers Associations is very essential and (4)Further and relevant scientific research should be conducted on medicinal plants to dig out their quality, efficacy and safety.

1 table, 90 ref

006471   Dutta B;Borah N (Botany Dep, Sibsagar Girls' College, Sivasagar, Assam) : Nutraceutical properties of Flacourtia jangomas fruit in Assam, India. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(1), 50-3.

Searching of nutraceutical properties of fruits has in recent years received much attention in different parts of the world owing to its relevance in discovery of health beneficial foods. Flacourtia jangomas, a semi-cultivated fruit plant, having some medicinal as well as economic value, is found frequently in the Brahmaputra valley of Assam and adjoining areas in the northeastern parts of India. The present study has been carried out to make a survey for bioactive compounds, like, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, tannins and saponins, and to determine the total phenol and flavonoid contents in the ripe fruits of F. jangomas. It has found that the methanol extract of the fruits contains most of the searching bioactive compounds and the total phenol and flavonoid contents are 20 mg/g and 2mg/g respectively. Findings of the study have provided the evidences that the fruits of F. jangomas have the nutraceutical potency.

2 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

006470   Dobhal A (Botany Govt. P.G. College Dep, , New Tehri, Tehri Garhwal, Email: drpramodsrt@gmail.com) : Diversity of medicinal plants in Arakot-Khadikal forest area of District Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India. Envir Conserv J 2016, 17(1-2), 47-66.

Status of medicinal plants of an oak forest in Arakot-Khadikhal area of Chamba block of Tehri district were analysed on the bases of the quantitative data collected (during August 2000 to July 2002) from different slope sites. The study area is belonging to mid-montane forest of Garhwal Himalaya rich with a number of medicinal plants. 155 species of medicinal importance were observed as common, 110 rare, 30 frequent, 17 escape from cultivation and 6 endangered. Most of the rare and endangered plant species of the present investigation have been recorded as rare or endangered in the flora of District Garhwal. Over-exploited species of medicinal importance was 18. Endangered or rare medicinal plants must be conserved with the help of in-situ and ex-situ conservation methods.

6 tables, 27 ref

006469   Divya R;Divya B A;Rakshitha N;Ramya M S; Jeevan R;Shashikala S;Jegan G (Adarsha Vidyalaya RMSA, Nekkundipet Chintamani, Karnataka) : Traditional knowledge on medicinal plants among rural people in Chintamani taluk, Karanataka, India. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(1), 13-20.

Folk medicinal practitioners are the primary health care providers to the substantial segments of the rural population as well as the urban population. Folk medicinal practitioners rely primarily on the simple formulations of medicinal plants for treatment of ailments. While overall simple ailments are treated by them, occasionally complicated ailments which are hard to cure with allopathic medicine. To get a comprehensive picture of the medicinal plants used by the indigenous medicinal plants used by people of Chintamani taluk in Karnataka, was carried out during months of July to October 2016 in view of documenting the folk medicine for different ailments. A total of 99 plants species belonging to 90 genus & 32 families were reported for different therapeutic uses. Most of the plants are herbs (46 species), rarely others. Moraceae & Rutaceae families contribute more for the medicinal purpose. In our survey we found 23 different diseases were cured by traditional medicines.

3 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

006468   Chitra R;Desikan A (NO, , ) : Flowering teas. Bionotes 2016, 18(4), 130.

006467   Chandavarkar S;Desai S N M;Gautam G (NO, P.E.S's Rajaram and Tarabai Bandekar College of Pharmacy, ) : Nephroprotective activity of different extracts of Biophytum sensitivum (Linn.) DC. Int J herb Med 2017, 5(1), 31-4.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate nephroprotective activity of different extracts of whole plant of Biophytum sensitivum in Wistar albino rats. Randomly selected animals were divided into five groups of six animals each. The test extracts were administered orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg. Gentamicin was administered at a dose of 40 mg/kg i.p. to the rats for 7 days. On eighth day all the animals were sacrificed and blood was collected. Elevation of urea and creatinine level in the serum was taken as the index of nephrotoxicity. Histopathological examinations of kidneys of all the groups were carried out. The findings revealed that methanol and aqueous extracts of Biophytum sensitivum possesses nephroprotective activity. The elevations of serum urea and creatinine produced by Gentamicin were considerably reduced and showed histopathological changes in the kidneys to normal. The study concluded that Biophytum sensitivum possess nephroprotective activity.

1 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

006466   Bouiamrine E H;Bachiri L;Nassiri J I L (Laboratory of Soil Microbiology and Environment Biology Dep, Moulay Ismail Univ, Faculty of Sciences, Meknes, Morocco) : Identification and ethnobotanical study of commercialized medicinal plants in Central middle atlas of Morocco. Int J herb Med 2017, 5(2), 18-22.

Ethnobotanical study of commercialized medicinal plants in Central Middle Atlas of Morocco was conducted between February and August 2016. The indigenous knowledge of traditional use for medicinal purposes was collected through questionnaire and personal interviews especially with the Amazigh (Berber) communities. In this study, interviews were conducted with 120 medicinal herb vendors in 13 localities in Middle Atlas Mountains. The results show that 69 medicinal species were inventoried in the study area. These plant species are included into 36 families. The most represented families are: Lamiaceae (12 species) and Asteraceae (10 species). The most frequently mentioned indications were digestive system disorders, metabolic diseases and Skin diseases. The majority of remedies are administered orally and decoctions were the most frequently prepared formulation. Aerial part is the most frequently used part in preparing herbal remedies. The aim of this study is to document medicinal plants used by the Berber population of the Middle Atlas and to valorize the use and associated traditional knowledge.

6 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

006465   Bora D;Mehmud S;Das K K;Medhi H (Survey of Medicinal Plants Unit, Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Borsojai, Guwahati, Assam) : Report on folklore medicinal plants used for female health care in Assam (India). Int J herb Med 2016, 4(6), 4-13.

The present communication deals with a report on folklore medicinal plants which are used traditionally by rural and tribal peoples of Assam for the treatment of various female health care related disease conditions including various gynaecological problems such as leucorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, menstruation disorders and pregnancy related issues. Total 101 plant species are recorded against 80 drugs where 49 compound drugs represented by and 87species and 31 single drugs represented by 26 species among which 12 species are repeated in both compound and single drug. Members of the family Piperaceae has found highest uses followed by members of Poaceae, Zingiberaceae, Malvaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Apiaceae etc. which were used by total 14 tribes and 3 communities distributed in various part of Assam.

5 tables, 62 ref

006464   Bhandirge S K;Patel V;Patidar A;Pasi A;Sharma V (BM College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh) : Phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Cassia tora Linn.. Int J herb Med 2016, 4(6), 50-5.

India is virtually a herbarium of the world. Research on medicinal plants is one of the leading areas of research globally. Although there is require to pay attention in regard of safety evaluation of bioactivities of medicinal plants. Medicinal plants are containing inherent active ingredients used to cure disease and relieve pain. The use of medicinal plants as raw materials in the production of new drugs is increasing day by day because of their potentials in combating the problem of drug resistance in micro-organisms. The traditional medicines and medicinal plants have been widely in most developing countries as therapeutic agents for the maintenance of good health. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that about 80% of people living in developing countries rely almost exclusively on traditional medicines for their primary health care needs. The present review summarizes the scientific information of various aspects of Cassia tora plant used in traditional system of medicine for a variety of purpose. C. tora is well known medicinal plant commonly found in India and other tropical countries.

4 illus, 28 ref

006463   Asaadi A M (Plant Production Dep, Higher Education Complex of Shirvan, Iran) : Estimating medicinal plants production by using nondestructive parameters in North East Rangelands of Iran. Int J herb Med 2017, 5(1), 14-17.

Plant biomass is an important factor for determining arid and semi-arid rangelands medicinal plants capacity. The typical methods for measuring biomass are destructive and time-consuming. Thus, they do not allow the development of individual plants to be followed and they require many individuals to be cultivated for repeated measurements. Non-destructive methods do not have these limitations. Green biomass was estimated by using dimensional parameters including Canopy cover, length and wide of diameter and plant height. For each species, 50 flowering stage individual plants of different sizes were randomly selected. The data were analyzed by stepwise regression. The results showed that the dry biomass was significant positive correlations with canopy cover, plant volume, plant height, the length and width of diameters of Ziziphora clinopodioides and Origanum vulgare medicinal plants. The results of stepwise regression showed that just canopy cover and plant volume (canopy cover * height) were remained in the final model, so that 72% of biomass variations were explained by canopy cover and volume in both species.

1 illus, 4 tables, 22 ref

006462   Arya O P;Pandey A;Samal P K (NO, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh) : Ethnobotany and nutritional importance of four selected medicinal plants from Eastern Himalaya, Arunachal Pradesh. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(1), 45-9.

The medicinal plants have traditionally played an important role in the socio-cultural, spiritual and medicinal arena of the peoples of Eastern Himalaya. The Eastern Himalaya region is inhabited by a large number of ethnic communities and tribes. The indigenous people use various medicinal plants traditionally either in the form of extract or decoction for treating various ailments. Four plants species viz. Drymaria cordata, Solanum spirale, Solanum torvum and Spilanthes paniculata, widely used in folk medicine and food in this region were selected to assess their nutritional values. The investigation revealed that S. paniculata contains Fibre (27.82 % in leaves), Na (50.05 mg/100g in flowers), and Ca (78.49 mg/100g and 77.53 mg/100g in flowers and leaves respectively) while S. torvum contains Protein (15.71%), Total Carbohydrate (28.14%) and D. cordata contains Ash (17.11%), K (317.51 mg/100g) highest amongst all. Present manuscript focuses on ethnobotanical information as well as nutritional importance of four selected plants.

4 illus, 4 tables

006461   Aga E;Khillare Y (Biology Dep, College of Natural and Eomputational Sciences, Ambo Univ, Ethiopia) : In vitro regeneration of shoots from apical and auxiliary bud explants of Coffea arabica L. J med Pl Stud 2017, 5(1), 9-12.

The aims of the present investigation were to optimize tissue culture protocol for C. arabica, to identify the best explants and growth hormone combinations and their respective concentrations suitable for Coffea Arabica L. in vitro multiplication. In a present investigation, surface sterilized apical and auxiliary bud explants were cultured on MS media for shoot regeneration and multiplication. The media were prepared in four different combinations of auxins and cytokinins supplemented with 30 g/l sucrose, 4 g/l agar and 10 mg/l L-Cysteine HCl, L-Cysteine HCl was used to control the oxidation of phenolic compounds. A similar experiment was repeated under dark condition by covering the culture vessels with black polyethylene plastic bags to study the effect of darkness on growth response of the explants. Each treatment consists of 5 replicates in a completely randomized design. The results showed that both bud explants regenerated shoots in all the four media employed, and shoots regenerated from apical bud explants were vigorous than those regenerated from auxiliary bud explants. Results are discussed from C. arabica L. tissue culture protocol optimization point of view.

16 ref

005332   Zahoor A;John S A;Shukla P K;Nissar S;Mishra P (Biological Sciences Dep, School of Basic Sciences, Sam Higgnbottom Institute of Agriculture, Te, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Optimization of phytohormone combinations for in vitro callogenesis in Lavatera cashmeriana: An endemic medicinal plant of Kashmir. Int J Pl Sci 2016, 11(1), 93-7.

The state of Jammu and Kashmir is bestowed with diverse variety of plant species especially medicinally important plants due to wide variations in its topography and microclimatic conditions. Lavatera cashmeriana Camb. (Malvaceae), which is endemic and endangered to Kashmir valley, has great medicinal importance. Its parts are being used to treat sore throat and common cold. In the present study various phytohormones auxins and cyotkinins either alone or in combination were used for the in vitro callogenesis of medicinally important herb of Kashmir. The excellent results from the seeds of Lavatera cashmeriana were observed on the Murashaige and Skoog medium supplemented witnJ2,4-D and BAP. In future a fine tune and refinement of phytohormones are required in terms of the concentration for the organogenesis of medicinally important plant.

1 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

005331   Yadav R P;Tarun G (Pharmaceutics Dep, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research(DIPSAR), Univ of Delhi, New Delhi) : Versatility of turmeric: A review the golden spice of life. J Pharmac Phytochem 2017, 6(1), 41-6.

Turmeric, botanically known as Curcuma longa, Linn, grows in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. The turmeric possesses high nutritional value. Extensive research within the last half a century has proven that most of these activities, associated with turmeric are due to curcumin. The medicinal properties of Turmeric include anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-coagulant, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-ulcer, wound healing and anti-fertility activities. It is effectively used in diabetes, various malignant disease, Alzheimer's disease and other chronic disease. The present paper reviews the Introduction, Geographical distribution, History, Cultivation, Uses, Strange facts, Side effects, Synonyms, Botanical description, Taxonomical classification, Nutritional value, Phytochemical constituents, and Pharmacological activities along with the current trends in research on Turmeric.

5 illus, 3 tables, 57 ref

005330   Tyagi S;Sanjeev Kumar (Botany Dep, D.A.V. College, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, Email: shewtatyagi@gmail.com) : Exogenous supply of IAA, GA and Cytokinin to salinity stressed seeds of chickpea improve the seed germination and seedling growth. Int J Pl Sci 2016, 11(1), 88-92.

When 1x10<^>-9M NaCl stressed seeds of Cicer arietinum cv. SURYA treated with growth hormones (i.e. 1x10<^>-8M of IAA, 1x10<^>5 M of Kn and 1x10<^>-4 M of GA), it was found that all the phytohormone enhanced seed germination and seedling growth and the level of total nitrogen and enzyme activities i.e. amylases, proteases and phosphatases in treated seeds, being maximum at combined treatment of IAA+GA+Kn of these concentration.

3 tables, 33 ref

005329   Trivedi H B;Vala A K;Dhrangadhriya J H;Dave B P (Life Science Dep, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavngar Univ, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Campus, Bhavnagar-364 001, Email: bpd8256@gmail.com) : Marine-derived fungal siderophores: A perception. Indian J Geomar Sci 2016, 45(3), 431-9.

Siderophores play crucial role in biogeochemical cycle in terrestrial as well as marine environment. Siderophores of bacteria from marine habitats have been extensively studied, however, comparatively less information is available on their fungal counter parts. This review focuses on siderophores of marine-derived fungi, molecular mechanism of siderophore biosynthesis and their uptake. Their chemical nature and applications are also discussed. Data so far available on marine fungal siderophores are found to be very interesting. Though less explored, the information available reveals novelty in chemical nature of siderophores of marine-derived fungi, i.e. occurrence of catecholates in fungi and carboxylates in non- mucoraceous fungi, which is the first-ever report. Further investigations on marine-derived fungal siderophores would be an interesting area of research.

5 illus, 88 ref

005328   Tiwary M;Singh J N;Trivedi R (Botany Dep, R.S.P. College, Jharia, Dhanbad-828 111) : Impact of opencast coal mining on phytodiversity in Jharia coalfield with special reference to herbaceous dicots. Indian J envir Prot 2015, 35(11), 901-5.

Impact of coal mining on phytodiversity is created by human being to enhance standards of living. The mining activities in Jharia Coalfield provides raw materials in the form of crusher, gravels and stones, etc., for construction of roads and other infrastructure. The number of species endangered by human activities and the number of natural and semi natural habitats being destroyed. Surface necessitates full uncovering of the mineral deposit and overlying vegetation and soil are completely destroyed. Open cast mining of coal deposits involves removal of overlying soil rock debris. This debris is heaped in the form of dumps and is called over burden. Lack of vegetation cover on such dumps often leads to acute problem of soil erosion and environmental pollution. It results in the impact on phytodiversity and physiographic features of concerned region. During the study impact of opencast coal mining on phytodiversity in Jharia Coalfield with special reference to herbaceous dicots evaluated at 5 sites. At the entire sites during 3 different seasons, a total of 57 different plant species belonging to 23 families and 51 genera were identified. The entire sites are considered biodiversity rich, which have threat of loss due to coal mining.

2 tables

005327   Shinde A B;Hallale B V (Dep of Botany Research Centre, Dnyanopasak College, Parbhani, Maharashtra, Email: bvhallale@gmail.com) : Effect of some physiological parameters on the growth of Fusariumoxysporium f. sp. carthami. Int J Pl Sci 2016, 11(1), 33-6.

The growth of pathogen i.e. Fusarium oxysporium f.sp.carthami causing wilt disease of safflower. In vitro, studies were carried out of the nutritional requirements of the pathogen for different carbon and nitrogen sources and different levels of pH and temperatures on the growth and sporulation of pathogen. The maltose was found to be the best source of carbon for the growth of pathogen and maximum macro-conidial production was noted in starch and manitol. Among nitrogen sources the urea was best organic source for the growth of pathogen. Whereas MgNO3was the best inorganic source of nitrogen followed by KNO3. Conidial production was totally absent in (NH4)2SO4. The most suitable pH level for the growth of fungus was 5.0 to 7.0. The growth of Fusarium oxysporium was maximum at 25°C and 30°C temperature after 5 days of inoculation.

4 tables, 14 ref

005326   Sharma V (Biochemistry Div, Sher-e-Kashmir Univ of Agricultural Science and Technology of Jammu, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Main Campus Chatha, Jammu and Kashmir) : Exploring in vitro anti-proliferative efficacy of Jammu botanicals. Int J Pl Sci 2016, 11(1), 60-4.

Cancer is becoming a big load on families and economies. Cancer cases related deaths on rise in J&K during past four years with the total of 11,815 cancer cases and 5,198 mortality cases have been reported in the state during the current year. Cancer research has, therefore, become a major area of scientific research supporting the foundations of modern biology to a great extent. Chemotherapy is a major treatment modality for cancer, but most of the drugs used in cancer chemotherapy exhibit cell toxicity and can induce genotoxic, carcinogenic and teratogenic effects in non tumor cells. Therefore, the research for alternative drugs of natural origin, which are less toxic, endowed with fewer side effects and more potent in their mechanism of action, is an important research line. In the present investigation, methanolic and aqueous extracts from two medicinal plants (Allium sativum and Holarrhenq antidysenterica) selected from Jammu region were evaluated against eight human cancer cell lines from six different origins, viz., A-549 (lung), NCI-H322 (lung), HCT-116 (colon), COLO-205 (colon), MCF-7 (breast), PC-3 (prostate), THP-1 (leukemia) and U-87-MG (glioblastoma) at the concentration of 100 μg/ml using sulphorhodamine blue (SRB) assay. Results revealed that methanolic extract from the stem-leaves of H, antidysenterica displayed in vitro cytotoxic effect against leukemia and colon cancer cells.

2 tables, 19 ref

005325   Saravanae N;Sachithanandam V;Muruganandam M; Nagaarjunan P;Mohan P M (Ocean Studies and Marine Biology Dep, Pondicherry Univ, Brookshabad Campus, Post Bag No. 1, Port Blair 744112, Andaman and Nicobar Island, Email: pondiunisachin@gmail.com) : Climatic changes and anthropogenic influences on Rhizosolenia imbricata brightwell 1858 bacillariophyceae bloom in Sisostris bay, Port Blair, Andaman, India. Indian J Geomar Sci 2016, 45(3), 425-30.

Present study consists the Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) of Rhizosolenia imbricata Brightwell 1858 in SisostrisBay, Port Blair, South Andaman region during February 2013. R. imbricata was counted as 24,000 colony/L observed 3 days blooms appeared in study site. Role of nutrients and environmental parameters changes during bloom outbreak is also investigated. Status of temperature, salinity and nutrient nitrite as the principal limiting parameters for this bloom is presented in this study.

2 illus, 1 table, 27 ref

005324   Liu Q;Jiang-Yun G (Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China, Email: gjy@xtbg.org.cn ) : New orchids record in the flora of China. Curr Sci 2016, 110(11), 2064-6.

3 illus, 13 ref

005323   Kumar S;Purohit C S;Kulloli R N (NO, Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur-343 003, Email: r.kulloli@gmail.com) : Rarity of Ceropegia bulbosa Roxb. var. lushii and protocol for its ex-situ conservation in the Indian desert. J appl nat Sci 2016, 8(4), 2155-63.

Over expolitation of tubers of Ceropegia bulbosa var. lushii which is a narrow endemic in the Indian Desert has drastically declined its populations and made it threatened. This was confirmed by its absence at its previously reported sites in Barmer, Jodhpur, Jalore, Jhunjhunun and Jaisalmer. Its occurance in Jhalawar, a previously reported site and at another unreported site at Jalore with density of only 4-12 plants/ha confirmed that it has become rarer. Reasons for declining populations in terms of density and occurrence of C. bulbosa var. lushii due to both extrinsic and intrinsic factors (= threats) have been investigated in this paper. Extrinsic factors include overexploitation of tubers, habitat loss and fragmentation due to mining. Six tubers brought from its native sites regenerat-ed successfully at Desert Botanical Garden, CAZRI, Jodhpur. Intrinsic threats were experimentally assessed by studying its life cycle for three years. Seeds produced by these plants under captivity showed 30-35% germination. Germination, phenology and growth of plants both, from seeds for one year and tubers for three years revealed many sensitive, risk prone stages which indicated potential threat to its regeneration in its native places. These in-cluded failure to seed set due to lack of pollinator, falling of immature follicles, exposure of seeds to open sun, sap-ling damage by wild animals and digging out of perenating tubers by wild ungulates and human being. Both extrinsic and intrinsic factors are responsible for its rarity in the wild. It emerged that for success in its ex-situ conservation, mature seeds, availability of partial shade and safety from wild animals are essential requirements.

12 illus, 2 tables, 46 ref

005322   Gulhane A;Wadikar M S (NO, JNKVV, Jabalpur, Regional Research Station, AICCIP, Khandwa-450 001) : Correlation analysis of cotton derived through introgressive hybridization. Bioinfolet 2017, 14(1), 64-6.

Present investigation was carried out with 38 cotton genotypes including both the species G.arboreum and G.hirsutum in randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that boll weight, number of bolls per plant and uniformity ratio had significant and positive correlation with, seed cotton yield per plant. Lint index had significant and positive association with 2.5% span length, seed index and ginning out turn and short fibre index. The positive significant correlation of most of the traits with seed cotton yield per plant and lint index indicated that these traits can contribute substantially to yield improvement

2 tables, 5 ref