005321   Greeshma M;Greeshma G M;Aswathy J M;Jaya Kumar K;Murugan K (Botany Dep, Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Lab, Univ College, Trivandrum-695 034) : Reactive oxygen species cycle and hormones titers in Avicennia alba in response to metal-mediated stress. Indian J envir Prot 2015, 35(9), 773-82.

Reactive oxygen specieses (ROSs) are normally produced during cell metabolism have been shown to play key regulator in various physiological processes. Over ROS accumulation leading to oxidative burst. The present work was an attempt to determine the effects of copper, zinc and lead metals seasonally from Neendakara and Ayirmthengu region of Kollam on the level of pigments, antioxidant enzymes and auxins, abscisic acid levels in Avicennia alba seedlings. Initially, the amount of metals in the Neendakara and Ayirmthengu region were analyzed. The amount of metal content, such as copper, lead and zinc from Neendakara region during pre-monsoon was 60±1.4, 174°2.3, 144±3.8, respectively compared to Ayirmthengu suggesting the plausibility of pollution due to human activities. The amount of metals was substantiated by their level in the leaf tissues of A. alba. Significant reduction in free and bound indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), indole butyric acid (IBA) and abscisic acid (ABA) content were found under Neendakara and Ayirmthengu region from pre-monsoon to post monsoon periods. Activity of catalase was reduced significantly from Neendakara to Ayirmthengu regions. Superoxide dismutase activity enhanced significantly. Further, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase showed potential suggesting their remarkable role via ascorbate-glutathione cycle to scavenge H2O2 content from the cell system. The level of H2O2 corroborate with this data. Similarly, the chlorophyll ratio and total carotenoids in the plant were remarkable during different seasons. Peroxidase activity and chlorophyll content may be potential biomarker for metal accumulation in leaf tissue. Further, works are warranted to analyze the link between biochemical changes and long-term effects for A. alba under in vivo and in vitro condition in response to heavy metals.

5 tables, 34 ref

005320   Govindaraju M;Chikkamadaiah M;Mahadevamurthy M;Mylari M H;Singh S M S (Studies in Botany Dep, Mysore Univ, Manasagangotri, Mysuru-570 006, Email: mahendra.c149@gmail.com) : Evaluation of phytochemicals and antibacterial activity of leaf and leaf derived callus extracts of Artemisia annua L. and Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.. J appl nat Sci 2016, 8(4), 2189-95.

The present study focuses on the use of salicylic acid as a plant growth hormone for the induction of callus in Sauropus androgynus and Artemisia annua plants. Higher induction of callus of 72% in S. androgynus (NAA+BAP+SA at +2.5+2.5 mg/ l concentration) and 64% in A. annua (NAA+Kn+SA at 1.0+2.5+2.5 mg/ l concentration) were observed when compared to 52% and 51%, respectively in individual supplementation of plant growth regulators. The phytochemical analysis also revealed the presence of maximum phytochemicals in callus extract compared to leaf extracts of S. androgynus and A. annua there by corroborating with the results of callus induction. The methanol extracts of both callus and leaf extracts of S. androgynus and A. annua exhibited antibacterial activity against all the test pathogens viz., S. aureus, B. subtilis, S. typhi and E. coli. A maximum inhibition zone of 20 mm was observed against S. typhi in methanol callus extract of S. androgynus followed by 18 mm inhibition zone against S. aureus with same extract. It was evident from the results both callus and leaf extracts of the selected plants pos-sessed potential antibacterial activity against all the test pathogens with one or the other solvent extracts. The find-ings provide a new facelift for callus induction using salicylic acid in selected plants and also pave way for identifica-tion of novel compounds for drug development from S. androgynus and A. annua.

2 illus, 4 tables, 27 ref

005319   Garud B D;Varghese M;Thakur P L (Jaihind Education Trust's, Z.B. Patil College, Dhule, Maharashtra, Email: garud7@rediffmail.com) : Contribution of plant diversity to healthcare in Saptashrungi region in Kalwan tahsil, Maharashtra with special reference to flowers, fruits and seeds. Int J Pl Sci 2016, 11(1), 135-40.

Saptashrungi region of Kalwan tahsil of Nasik district belongs to northern part of Maharashtra. The climate of the region is moist and dry to support the growth of tropical deciduous forest. The flora of this region is highly diversified with a rich number of floristic elements. Northern part of this region is inhabited by a large number of tribal people. They use a number of plant parts or entire plant for various ailments. Analysis of data revealed that a total number of 43 species belonging to 39 genera of 28 families of flowering plants are being used by tribal for medicinal purpose.

^ssc3 illus, 5 tabls, 9 ref

005318   Dwivedy R K;Singh A K (Botany Dep, B.R. Ambedkar Bihar Univ, Muzaffarpur, Bihar) : Ethnopharmacological studies on some wound healing plants of West Champaran. Int J Pl Sci 2016, 11(1), 141-3.

A large number of plants/plant extracts, decoctions, infusions or pastes are equally used by folklore for the treatment of cuts wounds and burns. The present work, thus, is an attempt to analyze the ethno-botanical knowledge base for the treatment of cuts and wounds. A large number of plants used by tribal and folklore with enormous potentials have not been validated for their wound healing activities. This work, therefore, attempts to bridge the lacunae in the validation of the traditional claims and development of safe and effective herbal drugs for cuts and wounds.

1 table, 15 ref

005317   Baruah N;Baruwati N (Botany Dep, Sibasagar Girls' College, Sivasagar, Assam, Email: nibaditabaruwati21@gmail.com) : Wild edible mushroom Termitomyces albuminosus berk and its importance among tribal people of Sivasagar district of Assam. Int J Pl Sci 2016, 11(1), 144-7.

Sivasagar district is a historically important place of Assam and a transitional area between Assam-Nagaland and Assam-Arunachal Pradesh. Tea and rice are the major cultivated crop of the district. More than 26 different tribal groups such as Missings and others like Tai Ahoms, Tai khamyang, Tai phake, Sonowal, Kacharis, Moran, Motak, Tea tribes of different communities of the study site live in different areas and depend upon the wild sources. The district is rich in biodervisity including the fungal diversity. This paper deals with the study of a specific mushroom 'Termitomyces albuminosus' belonging to the class Basidiomycetes of fungi, which is edible and is taken as food by different tribal people of Sivasagar district traditionally. It is a long stemmed mushroom having basidiocarp or fruiting body of somewhat white to pale brown in colour and grows generally on bamboo litters where termite nests are there and also on soil. The traditional uses of this mushroom still serve the need of more than 60 per cent of the different tribes of Assam. The present paper deals with the result of intensive field surveys conducted between 2013-2014. It was observed that it gives economic support to the rural people but different anthropogenic factors greatly influence on the natural growth of this mushroom.

9 ref

005316   Anuroopa T R;Sundeep H P;Shivakumar;Patil K S S;Divya B (Floriculture and Landscape Architecture Dep, College of Horticulture, Mudigere-577 132, Email: manjanshivakumar@gmail.com) : Standardization of drying temperature and time in hot air oven of carnation var soto. Envir Ecol 2016, 34(1A), 377-80.

In the present study efforts were made to standardize of drying temperature and time in hot air oven of carnation var Sotoat during 2011 -12. The flowers were embedded in silica gel keeping face up and dried in hot air oven at different temperatures and time duration. Minimum dry weight (1.44 g/flower) and maximum moisture loss (80.00%) was recorded by the flowers dried at 50"C whereas; the maximum dry weight (1.79 g/flower) was recorded by the flowers dried at 40°C. Significant difference was observed with respect to sensory evaluation for dried gerbera flowers due different temperature and duration in hot air oven. Among the different leavels of temperature and duration the flowers dried at 30°C scored the highest sensory points for color (3.38), shape (3.13), texture (3.13) and overall acceptability (3.25) was significantly superior over other treatments, while the flowers dried at 50"C recorded poor values in color (2.00) shape (1.88), texture (2.00) and overall acceptability (1.75).

2 tables, 6 ref

004430   Zhang S C;Lin S;Shen A;Chen H;Weng F;Huai H Y (Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou Univ, Yangzhou 225009, PR China, Email: hyhuai@yzu.edu.cn) : Traditional knowledge on "Luchai" [Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. and Arundo donax L.] and their dynamics through urbanization in Yangzhou area, East China. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2016, 15(4), 580-6.

As rural lifestyles have given way to more urbanized lifestyles, much traditional knowledge is lost. To investigate the dynamics of traditional knowledge on wetland plants during urbanization, Phragmites australis and Arundo donax, two important useful wetland plants in Yangtze River Delta were studied ettmobotanically in Yangzhou area, China. Our results revealed that, although the two plants both called "Luchaf in the study area, P. australis showed higher use value (UV), relative frequency of citation (RFC) and diversity of uses than A. donax. Presently, many traditional uses of P. australis are still practiced by local people, while A. donax is only used for constructing fence and supporters for climbing crops. There were significant correlations between the ages of informants and their traditional knowledge on the two plants, indicating that a growing number of young people had less and less folk knowledge on wetland plants. Traditional knowledge plays crucial roles in the sustainable development of economy and society, it is necessary to collect and document the traditional knowledge about other wetland plant species in the context of urbanization.

3 illus, 4 tables, 37 ref

004429   Srivastava J (NO, Mahtma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Viswavidyalaya, Chitrakoot, Satna-485 334, Email: srivastavajaya2003@gmail.com) : Direct in vitro shoots proliferation of chick pea (Cicer arietinum L.) from decapitated embryonic axes explants. J Cell Tissue Res 2016, 16(1), 5553-7.

A simple, rapid and efficient protocol was developed for direct in vitro multiple shoot induction in chickpea using decapitated embryonic axes explants. Complete plants were regenerated directly without an intervening callus phase from the explants. Different shoot induction media were evaluated for multiple shoot induction from the explants prepared from two different varieties. The shoot induction media were fortified with Benzylaminopurine (BAP), indolbutyric acid (IBA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in different concentrations and combinations. Longitudinal sections of the explants were prepared at different time intervals to study the shoot initiation. Individual shoots produced were aseptically excised and sub cultured in the media fortified with 1 mg/L GA₃ for shoot elongation. The elongated shoots were grafted on the rootstocks prepared from the seeds of the same cultivar. Healthy plants with no visually detectable phenotypic variations were produced.

22 ref

004428   Singh J P;Rai S K (Botany Dep, R.L.S.Y. College, Ranchi-834 009, Email: jaikant197@gmail.com) : Studies on host diversity of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. in Ranchi district of Jharkhand, India. Adv Pl Sci 2016, 29(2), 213-17.

Cuscuta commonly known as Doddar or Akashbel or Amarbel of yellow or orange (rarely green) stem parasitic plant belongs to family Cuscutaceae in latest publications based on the shape of stigma & Convolvulaceae (morning glory family) in previous references on the basis of phylogeny group. The genus comprises of about 175 species, out of them 12 species reported from India (Gaur, 1999). C. reflexa is the most common species and use as appetizer, digestive, liver stimulant, anthelmentic and reduces intestinal motality. The genus Cuscuta found throughout the temperate to tropical region of the world with greater species diversity in tropical and subtropical regions but the genus become rare in cool temperate climate with only four species native to northern Europe. Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. is an angiospermic rootless, leafless, perennial, parasitic plant and are directly attached to host plants through haustoria has a broad host range, although monocots are less preferred. Legislation in 25 countries list the dodder declared as "noxious weed" with seeds and plant material denied entrance. It is believed that the parasitic herbs extract healthy and potential sap from host plant and if their host plants are medicinal then these parasitic herbs shows many similar properties to the host plants, Hence in present study systematic survey and identification of the host plant and their economic values proposed to be undertaken.

1 illus, 10 tables, 19 ref

004427   Sil S K (Botany Dep, Gour Banga Univ, Malda-732 103) : Effect of detergent on germination and seedling growth parameters of two varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Adv Pl Sci 2016, 29(2), 143-7.

Detrimental effect on agricultural crops were mounted by many factors including detergent making industry, which is occupying an important position both from the point of view of idustrial and domestic consumption and finally bioaccurnulated in ecosystem. Effect of detergent was studied on two varieties of wheat viz, HD 2985 (Pusa Basant) and HS 507 (Pusa Suketi), in which morphometric and biochemical parameters were studied. Gradual degradation of chlorophyll a and b as well as biomass loss along with stunted growth were recorded with increase of detergent dose.

7 tables, 12 ref

004426   Sharma O P (P.G. Dep of Botany, Govt. College, Bundi, Rajasthan, Email: opsharmabundi68@gmail.com) : Climbers of class polypetalae of Hindoli tehsil, Bundi district (Rajasthan). Adv Pl Sci 2016, 29(2), 183-4.

The present work deals with climbers of class Polypetalae of Hindoli Tehsil, district Bundi (Rajasthan). Polypetalae includes petals free and dichlamydeous angiosperrnic plants. The studies have been conducted by extensive survey of the area during January 2015 to March 2016 in the different seasons.

1 illus, 8 ref

004425   Sharma O P (P.G. Dep of Botany, Govt. College, Bundi, Rajasthan, Email: opsharmabundi68@gmail.com) : Ethnomedicinal uses of gentianales order practiced by ethnic people of Ramgarh Vishdhari Wild Life Sanctuary, Bundi (Rajasthan). Adv Pl Sci 2016, 29(2), 181-2.

The paper highlights ethnomedicinal uses of Gentianales order traditionally utilized by the folk people of Ramgarh Vishdhari Wild Life Sanctuary, Bundi district (Rajasthan). This sanctuary is a single compact and large forest ecosystem in Haroti region. Ethnic people of the area knowing about medicinal plants were consulted and interviewed to gather the information. Six ethnomedicinal species of order Gentianales have been enumerated in this study.

9 ref

004424   Salvi J;Katewa S S (Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Agrostology, Botany Dep, College of Science Univ, Mohanlal Sukhadia Univ, Udaipur, Rajasthan, Email: salvijyotsna@gmail.com) : Documentation of folk knowledge on underutilized wild edible plants of Southern Rajasthan. Indian J nat Prod Resour 2016, 7(2), 169-75.

An ethnobotanical study was conducted during 2010-12 in Southern Rajasthan with local indigenous communities. Structured interviews, field observations and group discussions with the informants were used to gather the data. A total of 46 plant species belonging to 27 families were reported from the study area. Poaceae was the dominant family with 7 species. Herbs were used primarily as leafy vegetable and grains of several grasses were used during famine. About 81% of the recorded underutilized wild edible plant species are rarely used, while the 19% are commonly used. The study showed that the majority (72%) of the species are edible and eaten after cooking while 28% were eaten raw. Wild edible plant species of Ceropegia have become endangered due to excessive harvesting. Unless efforts are made to make the younger generations aware about the importance of these plants, the related traditional knowledge may be lost. The study suggests that these underutilized plants may play an important role in national food security policy and health care.

^ssc1 table, 16 ref

004423   Pattanayak S;Mandal T K;Bandyopadhyay S K (NO, Institute of Animal Health & Veterinary Biologicals (R&T), 37, Belgachia Road, Kolkata-700 037, Email: pattanayak1966@gmail.com) : Ethno-gynecological study on the medicinal plants traditionally used in southern district of West Bengal, India. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2016, 15(3), 482-6.

Information related with Ethno-Gynecological uses of locally available plants in the rural part of West Bengal were collected from the medicine, men and documented. Three southern districts of West Bengal, India with different Agro-climatic conditions, viz. Paschim Medinipur, Purba Medinipur, and Murshidabad were selected for that purpose. Information was collected on the use of plant parts to treat problems like infertility, dysmenorrhoea, leucorrhoea, profuse menstrual bleeding and irregular menstrual period and also as agent for termination of pregnancy. With the help of available literatures, the previously reported use of these medicinal plants are analyzed in the perspective of identifying any possible impact on problems considered as female diseases.

1 table, 31 ref

004422   Pathak A;Naithani R (Home Science Dep, H.N.B. Garhwal (A Central Univ), BGR Campus, Pauri (Garhwal)-246 001, Email: ankita.nutrition@gmail.com) : Healing herbs in diabetes. J Mount Res 2016, 11(Dec), 73-8.

Traditional Medicines derived from medicinal plants are being used by about 60% of the world's population. This review concentrates on Indian Herbai drugs and plants utilized in the treatment of diabetes, especially in India. Diabetes is a critical metabolic disorder afflicting many from various walks of life in several countries. In India it is proving to be a major health problem, particularly in the metropolitan areas. Though there are many ways to reduce the ill results of diabetes and its secondary complications, herbal preparations are preferred due to lesser side effects and low cost. A set of medicinal plants with proven antidiabetic and related benefits and of herbal drugs utilized in treatment of diabetes is compiled. These include Aloe vera, Neem, Cinnamon, onion, Indian gooseberry, bitter gourd, ivy gourd, holy basil, fenugreek, and Rennet (Ashwagandha) etc. One of the etiologic factors implicated in the development of diabetes and related complications induced by free radical and therefore an antidiabetic substance with antioxidant properties would be a little more beneficial. Therefore information on antioxidant effects of these medicinal plants is also included.

1 table, 16 ref

004421   Niveditha T M A;Yadav P B S (Botany Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh-530 003, Email: nivedithachiru@gmail.com) : Thrysanolaena latifolia (Roxb. ex Hornem.). Indian J nat Prod Resour 2016, 7(2), 181-4.

Thysanolaena latifolia (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Honda, popularly known as tiger or broom grass is one among the non-timber forest products gathered by the tribals of Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh. The study documented the process of making brooms and its economic viability. The brooms made using these plants are an important seasonal livelihood for the local people. T. latifolia can be grown in a wide range of agro-climatic conditions and soils up to 2,000 m above the sea level. It grows easily on shady slopes, damp and steep river banks, degraded areas and gravelly soil on weathered rock surfaces. The study recommends cultivation of broom grass on a large scale as an effective source for income generation in tribal areas of Andhra Pradesh.

^ssc1 table, 14 ref

004420   Mathur A;Joshi H (Botany Dep, Kumaun Univ SSJ Campus, Almora-263 601, Email: anjalimathur.rs@rediffmail.com) : Traditional remedies used by migrant and local people in fever by plant species of Tarai region of Kumaun, Uttarakhand. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2016, 15(3), 519-23.

There are a number of medicinal herbs that have a long history of use as a natural treatment for fever, as well as traditional herbal combinations that are pleasant to the taste and provide a number of benefits when suffering from fever and chills. In holistic tradition, herbs are not used to reduce fever unless there is also some positive benefit in treating the infection or inflammation that is causing the fever. Many practitioners see fever as the body's natural response to a pathogen. Fever has been shown to stimulate immune system production of antibodies and may also enhance the body's elimination of toxins. If a fever is suppressed, the individual loses the advantages from the body's natural defense system, and the illness may last longer. Therefore, herbalists try to use herbs that support the immune system and enhance other cleansing processes of the body. The present study had been conducted in tarai region in the year 2008 to 2011 in three sites -and eight communities. Total 29 plant species were identified to cure fever. These plant species were used in different type of fever as in typhoid, tertian and in malarial fever. Datura alba, Allium cepa, Capscicum annum were reported first time from the study area.

18 ref

004419   Masafu M M;Mbajiorgu C A;Nemadodzi L E;Kabine E S (Agriculture and Animal Health Dep, College of Agriculture and Environmental Services, South Africa Univ, Pretoria, Email: mbajica@unica.az.za) : Study of natural habitats and uses of medicinal plants in Thulamela and JS Moroka municipalities, Soith Africa. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2016, 15(3), 363-9.

A survey was conducted in Dr JS Moroka (site 1) and Thulamela (site 2) local municipalities in South Africa with the overall aim of investigating plant families, forms, natural habitats and common uses of medicinal plant species identified in the study sites. Data collection was achieved by conducting face-to-face interviews with traditional healers in both sites. A structured questionnaire served as a data collection tool during the interviews. Results showed that 13 plant species belonging to 11 botanical families in site 1, and 13 plant species from 10 families in site 2 were recorded. The most common families in both sites were, Asteraceae, Amaryllidaceae, Hyacinthaceae and Zingiberaceae. In site 1, most of the medicinal plants (76.9%) grew on grasslands while 15.4% grew on mountains and only one plant species (Alepidea amatymbica) was seen growing on wetlands. In site 2, the majority (69.2%) of the species grew on mountains while 23% grew on grasslands; and only one plant species (Gunnera perpensa) grew on wetlands. The majority of growth types in site 1 were herbs (76.9%), followed by shrubs (23.1%). In site 2 most of the growth types were herbs (69.2%), followed by shrubs, small trees and creepers (30.8%). Medicinal plants were used for influenza, sore throat, high blood pressure, tuberculosis, coughs sexually transmitted diseases, continuous diarrhoea, and purification of blood among other uses. The use of medicinal plants for the treatment of various ailments differed in both sites, which was attributed to strong cultural differences which are informed by indigenous knowledge systems. It was concluded that collaboration between traditional healers, communities and local governments needs to be improved to enhance the delivery of alternative healthcare. Such an approach should recognize the "significance of traditional healers" and the "contributions of communities and the government" as a "necessary framework" for working together in "complementary efforts toward common goals" for the efficient use of traditional medicine therapy.

1 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

004418   Manoj Kumar (Bontany Dep, Pt. N.R.S. Govt. College, Rohtak, Haryana) : In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity of Petunia axillaris leaves extracts against human pathogenic bacteria. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2015, 6(3), 4363-8.

Medicinal plants have been very intensively screened for their bioactivity in order to treat various disease and disorders in human. In the present study, crude leaves extracts with different solvents (methanol, ethanol and aqueous) of Petunia axillaris were evaluated for antibacterial activity against medically important human pathogenic bacterial strains including two gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sp.) and two gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Salmonella typhimurium). The different extracts were tested for the presence of antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion assay (AWDA) method. The leaves extracts with different solvents showed significant antibacterial activity against all the tested four bacterial strains. Among the tested bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus was highly susceptible to the extract as compared with other three bacterial strains. The results also showed that the methanolic extract of Petunia axillaris was the most effective as the widest inhibitory zone was observed as compared to the ethanolic as well as aqueous extract. The use of leaves extracts of the Petunia axillaris with known antibacterial properties can be of great significance in therapeutic treatments.

2 illus, 30 ref

004417   Manohara T N (Rain Forest Research Institute, P.B. No. 136, Deovan, Jorhat, Assam-785 001, Email: manohara_tn@yahoo.com) : Embryology of Aquilaria malaccensis lamk., an overexploited and endangered tree species from North East India, with a discussion on its taxonomic status in thymelaeaceae. Phytomorphology 2016, 66(1-2), 1-11.

Development of micro- and mega- gametophytes and pollen morphology of Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk. (Thymelaeaceae, Malvales) were studied to provide additional data on this poorly studied species. The development of the anther wall is of the monocotyledonous type, composed of an epidermis, endothecium, two ephemeral middle layers and a glandular tapetum. Cytokinesis in microspore mother cells is simultaneous, and tetrads are formed by cleavage furrows. Tetrads are predominantly tetrahedral and some are decussate. The pollen grains are shed at 3-celled stage. Pollen sporoderm structure shows typical Crotonoid pattern of Euphorbiaceae. Ovules are pendulous, anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate. The development of the megagametophyte conforms to the Polygonum type. The obturator is formed as a transverse outgrowth from the funicle and the cells are richly protoplasmic. Fertilization is porogamous. Endosperm development corresponds to the Nuclear type. The seed is exalbuminous. Infestation of flowers by larvae of the moth Heortia vitessoides Moore (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) during early reproductive phase impedes the pollen development and causes some degree of pollen sterility. In severe infestation, the pest completely denudes trees. Evidence from morphology, embryology and palynology support the inclusion of Aquilaria malaccensis in Thymelaeoideae and justifies its status as per the APG III (2009) system of classification.

3 illus, 1 table, 52 ref

004416   Malkani N P (Botany Dep, Daulat Ram College, Univ of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, Email: n.malkani@yahoo.co.in) : Habitat response and survival of the common weed Chenopodium album L.. Phytomorphology 2016, 66(1-2), 21-33.

Chenopodium album, reported to be a widely distributed and highly polymorphic species, occurs as a common winter weed in National Capital Region of Delhi in habitats having different edaphic conditions. This paper reports the variation exhibited by this species under these conditions and explores possible reasons for its ecological success. Twenty eight morphological characters (vegetative and reproductive), seed weight and germination, seed protein profiles, and twelve soil parameters were studied in twelve populations collected from twelve localities. The data were subjected to statistical analyses to understand the patterns of variation. Variation in morphological characters was greater across populations from different localities as compared to within individual population. They differed significantly in their seed size, germination and seed protein profiles. Regression analysis revealed correlation of soil parameters like exchangeable sodium and bicarbonates with morphological characters such as reproductive to vegetative ratio which could be useful in adjusting to soil conditions. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that these populations grouped into two broad Groups I and II with Group I having populations surviving in soils with lower amount of available sodium and bicarbonates as compared to those in Group II. Further, populations of Group I had lower vegetative growth but higher variability, higher reproductive to vegetative ratio, higher seed weight but lower germination and exhibited greater similarity of seed protein profiles with one another as compared to the populations of Group II. Possible cause for extent of variations leading to successful survival of this species under different edaphic conditions is discussed.

7 illus, 4 tables,

004415   Maity P J;Shashi;Kulkarni V M;Bhat V (Botany Dep, Univ of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, Email: bhatv64@rediffmail.com) : Thidiazuron-induced multiple shoot regeneration and in vitro flowering in Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.. Phytomorphology 2016, 66(1-2), 45-50.

The results of the experiments conducted to regenerate Pennisetum glaucum via organogenesis pathway, using Thidiazuron (TDZ), a urea-derived cytokinin, are described herein. Effect of six concentrations of TDZ (1, 3, 5, 7, 10 or 12 mg/1) was studied on shoot tip explants of four pearl millet genotypes viz., 843B, 7042-DMR, 7042-S and ICMP-451. Multiple shoot formation, without visible intervening callus phase could be obtained at all levels of TDZ across all the genotypes. The maximum number of shoots formed per shoot tip was 31.0 ± 1.8 on MS medium containing 10 mg/1 TDZ in genotype 7042-S after 9 weeks of culture. Explants were subcultured after every 20 days in the same induction medium. As the levels of TDZ increased up to 10 mg/1, the number of regenerated shoots formed per explant increased. On the contrary, percentage explant responded decreased as the level of TDZ increased. Maximum number of explant responded was 83.3 ± 3.3 on MS medium containing 1 mg/1 TDZ, in genotype 7042-DMR. There was a significant effect of levels of TDZ and genotypes on number of shoots formed per shoot tip, whereas percentage explant response was dependent on levels of TDZ in the medium. The shoots regenerated on 1-5 mg/1 TDZ were large and healthy, whereas shoots regenerated on 7, 10 and 12 mg/1 TDZ were short on MS basal medium. Multiplication rate varied from 2 to 31 shoots per explant in different concentrations of TDZ used in the medium. In vitro raised shoots were elongated on MS basal medium and 85 per cent shoots rooted on rooting media (1/2 strength MS medium containing 0.4% activated charcoal). All rooted shoots were hardened before transferring to soil where 75 per cent plantlets survived successfully. Total time taken from initiation of culture to transfer of plantlets to pots was 16 weeks. Fifty per cent of the shoots regenerated on 7 and 10 mg/1 TDZ produced in vitro flowering within 90 days.

1 illus, 1 table, 31 ref

004414   Korkmaz M;Karakus S;Selvi S;Cakilcioglu U (Biology Dep, Faculty of Science and Arts, Erzincan Univ, Erzincan 24100, Turkey, Email: ucakilcioglu@yahoo.com) : Traditional knowledge on wild plants in Uzumlu (Erzincan-Turkey). Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2016, 15(4), 538-45.

This survey was conducted in Uzumlii district and its surrounding villages in order to determine the useful plants consumed for different ethnobotanical purposes such as animal fodder, ornamental plant, good, fuel, and dye by the local people living in the area between 2010 and 2011 summer vegetation periods. Totally 77 traditional uses of 64 plant taxa were determined at the end of the study. The biggest families with the numbers of taxa were Fabaceae (10), Asteraceae (9), Rosaceae (6), Salicaceae (4) Bnissicaceae, Poaceae, and Liliaceae (3). All parts of 42 plants, stems of 11 plants, flowers of 6 plants, branches of 5 plants, seeds of 3 plants, fruits of 3 plants, aerial parts of 2 plants, fruit exocarp of 2 plants, and root of 1 plant were determined to be used for different purposes, hi addition, local names and ethnobotanical aspects of totally 17 taxa (26.5%) were presented firstly in this study. East Anatolia is a very important region of Turkey in terms of plant diversity, and many studies have been conducted on the traditional uses of plants; but, the least have been carried out in Erzincan province. Because of that, this study was conducted in the area.

3 tables, 39 ref

004413   Khan B A;Menaa F;Reich A;Caldeira E;Bakhsh S (Pharmaceutics Dep, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal Univ, D I Khan, Pakistan, Email: barki.gold@gmail.com) : Potential phytotherapy of atopic dermatitis, acne, psoriasis, vitiligo. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2016, 15(4), 531-7.

The purpose of this review was to compare and describe the available therapies in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, acne, psoriasis, and vitiligo. Traditional medicines have a long history of serving peoples all over the world. Steroids are often used for skin diseases. Steroids like cortisones ointments and creams have some side effects like permanent thinning of the skin, especially when applied to skin-folds such as under the breast, the armpit, and the groin. The exposition of human skin to sunlight and environmental pollution mainly results in the production of free radicals, which lead to deleterious oxidative effects. The later might cause skin diseases, malignancies such as melanoma, accelerated aging (i.e., wrinkles, lack of skin elasticity) as well as skin hyperpigmentation, This overview describes recent advances in phytotherapy of skin diseases based on the knowledge of folk medicine.

1 illus, 2 tables, 45 ref

004412   Kavitha C H;Murugan K (Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology LabBotany Dep, Univ College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695 034, Email: harimurukan@gmail.com) : Forier transform infrared fingerprint of desiccated fronds of forked fern-Dicranopteris linearis (Burm.f.) underw.:Some observations. Phytomorphology 2016, 66(1-2), 13-20.

The impact of desiccation on plant growth and development has been an area of different research studies. Desiccation treatments influence the physiological and biochemical processes in plants, thereby regulating the biomass of plants. A technique based on Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) was attempted to evaluate the changes of chemical composition in the desiccation stressed fern Dicranopteris linearis (Burm. f.) Underw. The obtained IR spectra were further processed by de-convolution and curve fitting to examine the chemical molecules and its structural changes. Within two days of desiccation stress, the changes of structure and content of biological molecules, such as proteins, lipids and cell wall pectin synthesis, were marginal in the fern. Meanwhile 10 days after desiccation, almost all the compounds were changed significantly compared to the control level. The FTIR method provides a remarkable way to analyze the conformation of proteins. The C-O, N-H, and C-N bonding of the peptide linkage absorb radiation in the 1,800 to 1,200 cm<^-1 region. The absorption band of C-O stretching vibrations of the amide group depends on the nature of hydrogen bonding between C-O and N-H moieties and is particularly applicable for detecting the secondary models of polypeptide chain. The experimental results suggest that it is possible to achieve an understanding of the effects of desiccation stress on biomolecular changes and mitigate those effects accordingly.

6 illus, 13 ref

004411   Jungyun J;Jeeye P;Kumar I R (NO, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samasthana, 19, Gavipuram Circle, Eknath Bhavan, Bangalore-560 019, Email: itagi.ravi@gmail.com) : Seed germination test with the influence of sriyantra, pyramid and maha mrtyunjaya mantra. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2016, 15(4), 680-4.

Mantra, sriyantra and pyramid power increases the plant growth and their positive energy has healing qualities. Experiment in the design 1 consists of germination of green gram with the influence of sriyantra and pyramid. Paper sriyantra and two models of pyramids were used. The control sample was kept under normal white paper. Result has shown that sample kept in plywood pyramid model have maximum percentage emergence and percentage change in radical length. In plastic pyramid sample has shown maximum percentage change in fresh weight of germinated seeds. Paper sriyantra sample has shown maximum percentage change in dry weight of germinated seeds. Experiment in the design 2, consists of two samples: control and mantra. Each sample contained total of 600 fenugreek seeds. Five trials were conducted with 120 seeds in each trial. Maha mrtyunjaya mantra was chanted for 108 times for sample treatment, twice a day at sunrise and at sunset. The result shown that sample treatment with maha mrtyunjaya mantra has 1% more in emergence, exponential significance in radical length, 0.33 gm more in fresh weight of emerged seeds and 0.02 gm more in dry weight of emerged seeds compared to control sample.

5 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

004410   Geeta R (Botany Dep, Univ of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, Email: rgeeta@botany.du.ac.in) : KNOX gene and shoot development in angiospermsd: Old actors in new roles?. Phytomorphology 2016, 66(1-2), 57-69.

Aspects of the organization of the apical shoot, including leaf initiation and node formation, early leaf development, intemode identity and elongation, stem widening and vascularization are known to differ between monocots and eudicots. However, relatively little is known about the molecular genetic basis of these differences. Partly this may be because the focus of most investigations of the molecular genetic basis of development has been to identify similar mechanisms underlying similar traits, such as the role of KNOTTED-iiks homeobox (KNOX) genes in regulating indeterminate growth of shoot apices across angiosperms. Here, we re-examine known morphological and anatomical developmental differences between grasses and eudicots in the context of similarities and differences in expression patterns and functions of the Class 1 group, or KNOXI genes. This exercise suggests that the action of these genes underlies observed differences in primary thickening and vascularization in grasses and eudicots. Evolutionary analyses in a phylogenetic context point to taxa whose comparative study could allow tests of these hypotheses.

7 illus, 78 ref

004409   Dedhrotiya A T;Acharya S;Sheikh W;Yuvrajsinh K V (Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Directorate of Research Office, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultur, Sardarkrushinagar-385 506, Email: yaalianu110@gmail.com) : Optimization of DNA isolation and PCR protocol for SSR analysis for root characterization in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Cell Tissue Res 2016, 16(1), 5381-6.

The experiment promulgate an exciting and handy method of extraction of DNA which involve a use of wash buffer containing Tris-HCl, PVP and addition of ft-mercaptoethanol separately in each sample and extraction buffer containing CTAB, Tris-HCI, EDTA, NaCl and PVP followed by purification of DNA with RNAase, phenol : chloroform: isoamly alcohol and finally precipitation of DNA by chilled isopropanoL The protocol is simple and has no special requisites. In terms of quantity (up to 1127.2-2212.5 ng/μl) and quality (A260/280 = 1.78 to 1.86) the present method has advantages over many other wheat DNA extraction protocols.

1 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

004408   Das S K (Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, Howrah-711 003, Email: sudiptaalgae@gmail.com) : Dietary use of algae among tribal of North-east India: special reference to the Monpa tribe of Arunachal Pradesh. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2016, 15(3), 509-13.

Dietary use of Algae is known since ancient times, but is mostly confined to marine forms. In India, several marine or brackish water macro-algae are consumed directly as food in South east coastal localities. The present study not only documents the dietary use of a freshwater Alga Ulva intestinalis L. by the Monpa tribe of Arunachal Pradesh but also summarizes the same by various other tribes in North east India.

1 illus, 1 table, 38 ref

004407   Chitale R (P.G. Research Centre in Dep of Botany, Tuljaram Chaturchand College of Arts, Science and Commerece, Baramati-413 102, Email: rd.chitale@gmail.com) : Effect of panchagavya on seed germination and seedling growth of chilli (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Jwala). Adv Pl Sci 2016, 29(2), 159-60.

Panchagavya plays vital role in organic cultivation. It has potential to promote growth and provide immunity in plant system. The present study was aimed to observe the effect of panchagavya on seed germination and seedling growth of chilli. A petri-plate method was used to conduct the experiment duringjanuary- February 2016. The results of experiment revealed that pre-sowing soaking treatment of Panchagavya recorded significant increase in morphological parameters of seed germination and seedling growth like germination percentage, root and shoot length, biomass and vigour index in 3% concentration of panchagavya as compared to 1%, 5% and 7% concentration of panchagavya over control. Thus pre-sowing soaking treatment with panchagavya increases morphological parameters of seed germination and seedling growth in chilli and hence used for seed treatment under organic farming condition.

1 table, 5 ref

004406   Chaudhary S B;Bagul R S;Dodake S S (Medicinal & Aromatic Plant Project, Agricultural Botany Dep, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Email: sbchaudhary58@gmail.com) : Genetic variability and character association in lemon grass (Cymbopogon flexuosus L. Stapf.). Adv Pl Sci 2016, 29(2), 267-70.

In this present investigation, extent of variability present in the genotypes for particular characters, heritability, advance, genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were studied; The treatment differences were statistically significant for all the characters and also the magnitude of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of varities indicated the presence of good amount of variability. High heritability estimates associated with high genetic advance was observed of herbage yield per hill, plant height. Plant spread and number of tillers suggesting that, selection of these traits would be effective for the desired improvement in lemongrass.

4 tables, 4 ref

004405   Chaudhary S B;Bagul R S;Dodake S S (Medicinal & Aromatic Plant Project, Agricultural Botany Dep, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Email: sbchaudhary58@gmail.com) : Diversity of ethno-medicinal plant species from Akole tahasil of Ahmednagar district (M.S.) India. Adv Pl Sci 2016, 29(2), 263-6.

The present paper deals with ethno-medicinal plants from Akoke tahasil of Ahmednagar district. The survey was carried out during 2015-16. A total of 50 plants species belonging to 39 families were reported from study area. There plants have various uses and used by tribal to cure human diseases and disorders. In view of their medicinal importance a need to conserve species for long term survival of plant species.

1 table, 7 ref

004404   Chandra O;Chaubey K (Zoology Dep, Govt. V.Y.T.P.G. Autonomous College, Durg, Chhattisgarh) : Analysis of mineral elements in paddy straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) collected from villages of Durg district, Chhattisgarh, India. Adv Pl Sci 2016, 29(2), 189-92.

Edible mushrooms are important source of food purposes since decades. The nutritional value of edible mushroom (Volvareilla volvace) were analyzed, which forms a part of the food culture of the local community settled in the villages of Durg district in Chhattisgarh. Young and matured carpophores of paddy straw mushrooms was collected from different locations in the selected villages of Durg district. These mushrooms were analyzed for minerals analysis of nutritional values. Among the micronutrients, Fe (14.938) was dominant micro element which was followed by Zn (2.050), Mn (1.502), Cu (0.640), and Pb (0.146), in all five mushroom samples. K (84.106) was moderately dominant macro element, which is followed by P (73.850), Ca (55.868), Na (43.89), and Mg (32.61) in all the five mushroom samples, Hence, these mineral contents revealed that mushrooms were healthy food and may also be used as a drugs and medicines.

2 tables, 29 ref

004403   Chandra O;Chaubey K (Zoology Dep, Govt. V.Y.T.P.G. Autonomous College, Durg, Chhattisgarh) : Macrofungus Volvariella volvacea having nutritional and health potential importance of rural people from villages of Durg district, Chhattisgarh, India. Adv Pl Sci 2016, 29(2), 185-8.

Mushrooms had long been used for medicinal and food purposes since decades. It is now increasingly recognized that correct diet, controls and modulates many functions of human body and consequently participates in the maintenance of state of good health, necessary to reduce the risk of many diseases. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review databases were extensively searched, collected and summarized with an aim to update the present status and to project future prospects of the medicinal properties of Volvariella volvaceu. In this review the presented information will give a new notion to researchers for upgrading Volvariella volacea from functional food to holistic mushroom medicine.

2 tables, 34 ref

004402   Chan E W C;Baba S;Chan H T;Kainuma M;Tangah J (Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI Univ, Cheras 56000, Email: chan@ucsiuniversity.edu.my) : Medicinal plants of sandy shores: a short review on Vitex trifolia L. and Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br.. Indian J nat Prod Resour 2016, 7(2), 107-15.

Two plant species of sandy shores, namely, Vitex trifolia L. (Beach vitex) and Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. (Beach morning glory), have been selected for review. Both species have ethno-pharmacological relevance and have been traditionally utilised by local people in remedies for various ailments. Endowed with diterpenes and flavonoids as major constituents, V. trifolia has trypanocidal, antimicrobial, anti-quorum sensing, mosquito larvicidal and repelling, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, vascular relaxation, antimalarial, trachea-spasmolytic, wound healing, estrogenic, antinociceptive, anti-tubercular, anthelmintic, molluscidal, and mice repelling properties. It is noteworthy that casticin or vitexicarpin isolated from V. trifolia displays potent cytotoxicity against a wide range of cancer cell lines via different modes of molecular action. Chemical constituents of I. pes-caprae include resin glycosides, flavonoids and phenolic acids. It exhibits antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antispasmodic, insulinogenic, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-collagenase and immuno-stimulatory activities. With an increasing number of people being stung by jellyfish while swimming in the sea of Thailand, clinical trials have been conducted to test the efficacy of I. pes-caprae extracts in treating jellyfish dermatitis.

1 illus, 110 ref

004401   Bora M;Singh V (Environmental Science Dep, GB Pant Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, Email: meghabora187@gmail.com) : Chirata (Swertia chirayita Roxb. ex fleming) in Alpine zone of Kumaun Himalaya: a study of the Khalia top medows. Int J Sci Nat 2016, 7(2), 251-4.

An attempt has been made to evaluate plants used for medicare by the tribal people of the Munshyari area of Kumaun Himalayas. Chirata, the local name for Swertia chirayita Roxb. ex Fleming, is a medicinal herb plant in the order Gentianales and family Gentianaceae, found primarily in subalpine regions, from 3200 to 4000 masl and is indigenous to temperate Himalaya. Its medicinal usage is reported in Indian pharmaceutical codex, the British and the American pharmacopoeias and in different traditional systems of medicines such as the Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha. Since it was found in parts of Garhwal and Kumaun Himalaya, massive exploitation has occurred, leading to a drastic decrease in wild populations. The present study investigates the results of an exploration and suggests policy initiative for its sustainable exploitation.

1 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

004400   Basu R (NO, Saltora Netaji Centenary College, Saltora-722 158, Email: ramsankarpri@yahoo.co.in) : Phytosociological studies on the sacred grove Susunia hill in Bankura district of West Bengal. Adv Pl Sci 2016, 29(2), 161-9.

Phytosociological studies were carried through Susunia hill on 2010-15. Plant groups were enlisted based on morphology and growth habit. The hill stretches 3.2 km from east to west, altitude 439.52m. The study revealed 135 plant species; in percentage (%) are 51.85 trees, 13.33 shrubs, 22.22 herbs, 9.62 climbers, 148 woody lianas, 1.48 parasites. Out of 64 families are 52 Dicot, 8 Monocot, 4 Pteridophytes. Species are in Dicot 113, Monocot 18 and Pteridophytes 4. Dominant tree species are Shorea robusta, Croton roxburghii, Chleichera oleosa, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Anogeissus latifolia. Nyctanthes arbortristis as shrub, Ekphantopus scaber as herb, Smilax ovalifolia as climber, Ventilago denticulata as liana shows dominancy more. 53 species have medicinal properties. Among them, Andrographis paniculata, Arutolochia indica, Asparagus racemosus, Helicteres isora, Hemidesmus indicus are common. 7 wild relatives of cultivars like Allium ampeioprasum, Atylosia scarabaeoides, Colocasia esculenta, Drimia indica, Lens culinaris, Solma amplexicaulis, Zingiber purpureum and 4 endemic species like Aegle marmelos, Butea monosperma, Dalbergia sissoo and Ficus bengalensis are found to occur. Dominant family is Fabaceae with 10 species. Next one is Combretaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Mimosaceae family in Dicot and Poaceae, Dioscoreaceae family in Monocot. Dipterocarpaceae has maximum number of individuals 860. Out of 2000 trees 5-72% are confined to the height class of 5 m, 37.15% within 5.1-10 m, 45.71% within 10.1-15 m, 11.42% within 15.1-20 m. 31.42% trees are confined to the girth class of 1m, 51.43% within 1.1-2m, 14.29% within 2.l-3m, 2.86% in girth class of 3.l-4m and above. The structural parameters of woody-species analyzed species richness, species diversity and growth, trends of succession, value of frequency and other characteristics of the community. Floristic diversity is 0.99. This sacred hill, famous for its monolithic deity, holy spring, natural beauty, could be declared as an important reservoir of Biodiversity.

3 tables, 20 ref

004399   Asnake S;Teklehaymanot T;Hymete A;Erko B; Giday M (Medicine and Health Science College, Hawassa Univ, Hawassa, Ethiopia, Email: tilahun.teklehaymanot@aau.edu.et) : Antimalarial medicinal plants used by Gumuz people of Mandura Woreda, Benishangul-Gumuz regional state, Ethiopia. Indian J Tradl Knowledge 2016, 15(4), 546-52.

The traditional knowledge of antimalarial medicinal plants has been the basis for drugs that are currently in use to treat malaria. Thus, the objective of this study was to document Gumuz, people's traditional knowledge of antimalarial medicinal plants and related diseases. A cross-sectional study was conducted in six Kebeles of Mandura Woreda between March and August 2013 and 184 informants were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaire, guided field walks, and market surveys. A statistical test, Relative Frequency of Citation, (RFC) and Fidelity Level (FL) were calculated. In this study, 38 species belonging to 33 genera and 28 families were documented. The traditional knowledge among informants varies with age (p <60> 0.05). The majority of plants were from family Fabaceae. Root (46.3%), decoction (57.6%) and oral (97.8%) was the main plant part, method of preparation and administration route, respectively. Pappea capensis Eckl. & Zeyh. (0.73) had the highest RFC. Pappea capensis and Momordica foetlda Schumach. had the highest fidelity levels. A few numbers (12%) of antimalarial medicinal plants were sold on local markets. This study generated a baseline data for antimalarial plants, from an area with stable and year-round malaria transmission, for further pharmacological analysis.

2 tables, 25 ref

004398   Arora S;Sonam M (Botany Dep, Jai Narain Vyas Univ, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, Email: jnvusunitarora@gmail.com) : Qualitative phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br., an endangered plant from Thar desert. Adv Pl Sci 2016, 29(2), 279-82.

The medicinal value of the plants lies in some chemical substances that produce a definite physiological action on the human body. The traditional medicine involves the use of different plant extracts or bioactive constituents. Secondary products are responsible for medicinal activity of plants. Present study was carried out to investigate the preliminary phytochemicals from the latex of Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br., (a member of subfamily Asclepiadaceae under Apocynaceae), using methanol, chloroform and hexane as solvents. These compounds were investigated using Perkin-Elmer Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, while the mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract was matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library. Maximum % area is found for METHYL COMMATE A, is present in maximum amount (48.33%) with RT= 46.069 Min, followed by .beta.-Amyrin (9.07%) with RT=44.046 min in the methanolic extract; TETRACONTANE is present in maximum amount (63.5%) with RT= 26.288 min, followed by 2-methylhexacosane (18.57%) with RT= 46.476 min in the chloroform extract; TETRACONTANE is present in maximum amount (65.44%) with RT= 26.286 min, followed by 2-methylhexacosane (19.52%) with RT= 46.636 min in hexane extract of latex of Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br. The results imply that these biologically active compounds can be used in treatment of various diseases and can lead to isolation of new and novel drugs that would be future cure for a number of ailments.

1 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

004397   Arora S;Saini M (Botany Dep, Jai Narain Vyas Univ, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, Email: jnvusunitarora@gmail.com) : Biochemical screening of leaf extract of Corbichonia decumbens (Forssk.) Exell of Molluginaceae from Thar desert of Rajasthan, India. Adv Pl Sci 2016, 29(2), 275-8.

Plants are used medicinally in different countries and are source of many effective and convincing drugs; they are rich in a wide variety of secondary metabolites such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, etc. The present analysis was carried out to identify the phytochemical constituents present in the methanolic and ethyl-acetate leaf extract of Corbichonia decumbens (Forssk.)Exell, belonging to family Molluginaceae, consisting of about 14 genera and 120species, mosdy herbs often creeping and well branched. Corbichonia decumbens is an annual or short-leaved perennial herb. The mass spectra of the compounds analysed from the extract was matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technologies (NIST) library. The results of the GC-MS analysis provide different peaks determining the presence of 29 and 63 compounds in methanolic and ethyl-acetate leaf extract respectively. Almost all the compounds show different therapeutic activities. Maximum % area is found for Mome Inositol, it is present in maximum amount (78.85%) with RT=15.754 min, followed by pentadecanoic acid (6.46%) with RT=17.384 min in the medianolic extract. Pentadecanoic acid is present in maximum amount (18.49%) with RT=17.409 min followed by octadecanoic acid (9.53%) with RT=19.309 min with ethyl- acetate as solvent. This plant is used to cure kidney stone and gonorrhoea. The phytochemical constituents analysed are used as an antimicrobial, anti-tumour, antibacterial and anti-fungal agents. The results of this study assures for using leaves of this plant as herbal alternative for heal of various diseases. Our main objective was to verify the implicated activities of the leaf extract and to isolate, and characterise the natural products that shows presence of active constituents responsible for various biological activities.

2 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

004396   Arora S;Ganesh Kumar (Botany Dep, Jai Narain Vyas Univ, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, Email: jnvusunitarora@gmail.com) : GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds from the stem of Cenchrus cilliaris from Thar desert, Rajasthan (India). Adv Pl Sci 2016, 29(2), 271-4.

Cenchrus cilliaris L. is one of the important medicinal plant belonging to family Poaceae, commonly known as "buffel grass" or "Anjan grass", is a perennial C₄ grass. Plant is most suitable and highly nutritive grass for environmental conditions of desert. The phytochemicals have beneficial long term effects on health when consumed and can be used to treat human diseases effectively. The present investigation was carried out to determine the possible bioactive phytochemicals from stem of C. cilliaris L. using methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane as solvents. The phytochemical compounds were investigated using Perkin- Elmer Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract were matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library. Maximum % area- is found for 6,6-DIDEUTERO-NONEN-l-OL-3, is present in maximum amount (31.92%) with RT=12.088 min, followed by PENTADECANOIC ACID (11.50%) with RT= 16.325 min. in the methanolic extract; EICOSANE present in max. amount (10.4%) with RT= 14.739 min. followed by STIGMASTA-5,22-DIEN-3-OL (7.31%) with RT=36.502 min, in the ethyl acetat extract; TETRACONTANE is present in maximum amount (22.67%) with RT= 23.237 min. followed by PENTADECANOIC ACID (11.01%) with RT= 17.423 min, in hexane extract of stem of C. cilliaris (L.). The object of our study is to find out the biological activity of these compounds so that they can be used in drug development and synthesis by pharma or other industries involved in drug designing.

1 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

003236   Vijayalakshmi R;Rajendiran K (Botany Dep, K.M. Centre for Post Graduate Studies, Pondicherry-605 008, Email: rajeworks@yahoo.com) : Efficacy of tebuconazole treatment in promoting growth of Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper var. Vamban-3. Int J Sci Nat 2016, 7(1), 50-6.

Tebuconazole (TEBU) is a member of triazole family shown to protect plants from environmental stress by promoting vigorous growth. An experiment was conducted to device a suitable method for applying TEBU to test its efficacy as plant growth promoter. Black gram, Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper var. Vamban-3 was grown in pot culture under natural photoperiodic conditions. TEBU was supplied through seed-soaking, priming, foliar spray or as soil drench. Seeds were either soaked overnight in aqueous TEBU (ml L^{-1) or primed by soaking in the above solution for 6 hr and shade drying subsequently. Alternatively, the emerging seedlings (7 DAS - Days after seed sowing) were irrigated or sprayed with 100 ml of the aqueous TEBU. Growth was assessed on the 15 and 30 DAS. Application of TEBU by soaking, priming and irrigation heavily inhibited growth compared to control. The performance was better when it was sprayed onto the foliage (2.5 ml L-1). Soaking, priming or irrigation was least effective, as the surviving seedlings were shorter than the control plants. However, foliar spray (11.83% to 98.25%) enhanced the plant height and weight (7.68 to 81.62%) and total leaf area and its weight (11.83% to 98.25%). Yet, the total leaf area and its weight which were decreased by 45.48% to 58.78% under other concentrations (1, 1.5, 2, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5 and 5 ml L-1) of TEBU spraying, it is recommended that foliar spray (2.5 ml L-1) could be an effective method of TEBU supply to enhance the growth of black gram.}

25 ref

003235   Verma D;Yadav R K;Kumar M (Environment Science Dep, S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College, Jaipur, Rajasthan) : Study of photoreceptors organs of two new species of family hypogastruridae. Int J Sci Nat 2016, 7(1), 218-9.

The visual organs of Collembola are very simple and they are meant for perceiving the light. In present work, we studied the structure and function of photoreceptors organs in Collembola species (Hypogastrura kubertpurensis and Hypogastrura communis principalis Yosii), which belongs to the family Hypogastruridae.

7 ref

003234   Singh S;Vyas M (Herbal Drug Technology Dep, DIPSAR, New Delhi, Email: singhshweta14191@gmail.com) : Comparative In-vitro biological study of aerial parts of plant Hamelia patens. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(4), 1793-1808.

The plant Hamelia patens belong to a family Rubiaceae, which is rich in active phytochemicals like flavonoids and alkaloids. Although Plant has been traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments still no systematic pharmacognostical, phytochemical and pharmacological work has ever been carried out on this potential plant. The present study was carried out for the standardization and determination of in vitro antioxidant activity of the aqueous and methanolic extracts of aerial parts of plant Hamelia patens. After the determination of all the standardization parameter, preliminary phytochemical analysis was done following various qualitative procedures for the determination of alkaloids, flavonoids, etc. Quantitative phytochemical analysis was performed for the determination of total phenolics by Folin-Ciocalteu method, total flavonoid by Aluminium chloride colorimetric assay and in-vitro antioxidant properties were evaluated by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP method. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents like alkaloids, flavonoids etc. The highest amount of phenolic was found in the methanolic stem extract i.e. 236.22 mg of GA/g of extract while highest flavonoid content was found in methanolic leaf extract i.e. 331.54mg of RU/g of extract. Methanolic leaf and stem extract and aqueous leaf extract showed antioxidant potential equivalent to standard by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP method respectively. The study concludes that plant Hamelia patens is a rich source of phenols and flavonoids, and also showed good in-vitro antioxidant activity by all three methods. Thus, the plant Hamelia patens can be explored as a potential source of natural antioxidant.

44 ref

003233   Singh R K (Botanical Survey of India, Central Regional Centre, 10, Chatham Lines, Allahabad-211 002, Email: rksbisadsingh@yahoo.co.in) : New plant records for Karnataka state, India. Indian J For 2015, 38(3), 287-91.

Eleven endemic and threatened taxa of angiosperm are reported as new records to the state of Karnataka from Mookambika Wildlife Sanctuary, Udupi district.

1 illus, 11 ref

003232   Singh P;Singh K P (Botanical Survey of India, Central Regional Centre, Allahabad-211 002, Email: krishna.p.singh@gmail.com) : Mycoblastus Norman (Mycoblastacae): a new generic record for India from Arunachal Pradesh. Indian J For 2015, 38(3), 249-51.

The paper records the occurrence of Mycoblastus affinis (Schaer.) Schauer (Mycoblastaceae), an interesting species of microlichen from Arunachal Pradesh in Eastern Himalaya. It is a new generic and specific record for India that is described in order to facilitate its identification.

2 illus, 12 ref

003231   Singh P (Botany Dep, S. S. Khanna Girls' Degree College, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Toxic effect of lead (PB) on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J nat Resour Dev 2016, 11(1), 25-31.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the second most important crop in India next to rice. A huge portion of the total cultivated area in the country is under the production of wheat crop. The experiment was performed to study the seed germination and seedling growth in wheat under the influence of different concentrations of Lead. The germination %, and seedling growth decreased with the increase in lead concentrations (10 ^{-5M, 10-4M, 10 3M, and 10- 2M).}

4 illus, 4 tables, 19 ref

003230   Singh K R (Botany Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad, Allahabad-211 002) : Determination of nitrogenase activity in stigonematales. J nat Resour Dev 2016, 11(1), 1-5.

Present communication deals with the Nitrogenase activity of 10 selected strains of Stigonematales. Nitrogenase activity was calculated after 10 and 20 days Growth intervals in nitrogen deficient medium. In the experiment inter-generic variation were observed in available isolate it was found that Hapalosiphon showed maximum nitrogenase activity both after 10 and 20 days growth intervals. However minimum nitrogenase activity was observed in Chlorogloeopsis-354 after 10 and 20 days growth intervals.

1 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

003229   Singh D;Singh D K (Botanical Survey of India, , Kolkata-700 064, Email: singh_drdk@rediffmail.com) : Three new records of the genus Solenostoma (Solenostomataceae, Marchantiophyta) in Indian bryoflora from Sikkim. Indian J For 2015, 38(3), 233-40.

Three species of the genus Solenostoma Mitt., viz. Solenostoma baueri (Schiffn.) Steph. earlier known from Indonesia, S. fusiforme (Steph.) R.M.Schust. from China, Korea, Japan, Russia and North America and S. vulcanicola (Schiffn.) Vana, Hentschel & Heinrichs from Indonesia and Japan, are described for the first time in Indian bryoflora from Sikkim in Eastern Himalaya.

4 illus, 56 ref

003228   Sharma P;Patil A;Patil D (Botany Dep, Birla College, Kalyan-421 304, Email: priyanka.s1909@gmail.com) : Quantification of β-sitosterol from field grown plants and callus of Crataeva tapia L.. Int J pharm Sci Res 2016, 7(4), 1556-63.

Crataeva tapia L. (Family- Capparaceae) is an important medicinal tree, commonly called as 'Varuna'. The plant has been reported to possess several medicinal properties. Propagation of Crataeva tapia L. is mostly by seeds, but germination percentage is very low mainly due to presence of hard seed coat. Conservation and propagation of species using biotechnological tools like plant tissue culture are relevant when natural propagation is hampered. Plant cell culture systems have potential for commercial exploitation of secondary metabolites. These secondary metabolites can then be analyzed using chromatographic techniques. In the present study, a simple, precise, rapid and selective High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed and validated for detection and quantification of phytochemical marker β-sitosterol in leaf, bark, leaf callus and stem callus of Crataeva tapia L. as per ICH guidelines.

54 ref