021517   Joshi R K (Education Dep, Govt of Uttarkhand, Uttarkhand) : Asparagus racemosus (Shatawari), phytoconstituents and medicinal importance, future source of economy by cultivation in Uttarkhand. Int J herb Med 2016, 4(4), 18-21.

Aromatic and medicinal plants have played key roles in the lives of tribal peoples living in the Himalaya by providing products for both food and medicine. Asparagus racemosus (Asparagaceae) is an important medicinal plant of tropical and subtropical India. Its medicinal usage has been reported in the Indian and British Pharmacopoeias and in traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha. Asparagus racemosus has been described to use as antioxidant, immune stimulant, anti-dyspepsia and anti-tussive effects. It is also useful in treatment of epilepsy, kidney disorders, chronic fevers, excessive heat, stomach ulcers and liver cancer, increases milk secretion in nursing mothers and regulates sexual behaviors. The major active constituents of Asparagus racemosus are steroidal saponins. Isoflavones, asparagamine, racemosol, polysaccharides, mucilage, vitamins A, B1, B2, C, E, Mg, P, Ca, Fe, and folic acid present in roots. Other primary chemical constituents of Asparagus are essential oils, asparagine, arginine, tyrosine, flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetin, and rutin), resin, and tannin. It is a well known Ayurvedic rasayana which prevent ageing, increase longevity, impart immunity, improve mental function, vigor and add vitality to the body. It is also used in nervous disorders, dyspepsia, tumors, inflammation, neuropathy and hepatopathy.

^iia1 table, 50 ref

021516   Jamwal A;Puri S;Sharma S;Bhattacharya S; Dhindsa N (Biological Sciences Dep, Schoolini Univ, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, Email: artijamwal11@rediffmail.com) : Polyethylene glycol induced morphological changes in Fagopyrum esculentum Moench of Indian Himalayan Region. Asian J Adv Basic Sci 2015, 3(2), 142-6.

Water deficit stress is one of the most adverse factors of plant growth and productivity. The objective of present work was to determine the impact of water deficit stress on seed germination and seedling growth in Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. Water deficit stress was induced by using PEG-6000 (Polyethylene glycol 6000) solution. Different concentrations of PEG-6000 (15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40% PEG) were used for seed treatment. The seeds were kept for 15 days in B.O.D. incubator at 20±2°C. The results indicated that drought stress had significant effect on germination percentage and seedling growth parameters. The various osmotic potential generated showed significant decrease in germination percentage except at 15% PEG. All the seedling growth parameters (root length, shoot length, fresh and dry weight) decrease with increase in PEG concentration except the root length at 15% PEG.

2 illus, 32 ref

021515   Jain P K;Pandey A (Dean & H.O.D. Pharmacy, Naraina Vidya Peeth Group of Institutions, Panki-Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Wonder of ayurvedic medicine- Nyctanthes arbotristis. Int J herb Med 2016, 4(4), 9-17.

Nyctanthes arbortristis (N. Arbortristis) is one of the most useful traditional medicinal plants in India. It is distributed widely in sub-Himalayan regions and Southwards to Godavari. Each part of the plant has some important medicinal value and is thus commercially exploitable. It is now considered as a valuable source of several unique products for the medicines against various diseases and also for the development of some industrial products. The present review is to focus on the potential phyto-chemicals and pharmacological activity of plant N. Arbortristis. Various parts of the plant like seeds, leaves, flowers, bark and fruits have been investigated for their significant pharmacological activity. Phyto-chemicals like flavanoid, glycoside, oleanic acid, essential oils, tannic acid, carotene, friedeline, lupeol, glucose, benzoic acid have been reported for significant hair tonic, hepatoprotective, anti-leishmaniasis, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-pyretic, anti-histaminic, anti-malerial, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities of Night jasmine and emphasizes the need for further exploring available information.

2 illus, 4 tables, 57 ref

021514   Gupta R (Botany Dep, Kanoria PG Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Jaipur, Rajasthan) : Yastimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra)- An important plant of ayurvedic system of medicine. J med Pl Stud 2016, 4(4), 30-1.

Ayurveda is the foundation stone of ancient medical science. Glycyrrhiza glabra is used in Ayurveda in the form of decoction, infusion or as lozenges. The herb possesses spermatogenetic properties. Yastimadhu churna is used to cure catarrh, cough, hoarseness, asthma, laryngitis, bronchitis and gonorrhea.

13 ref

021513   Gaddeyya G;Ratna Kumar P K (Botany Dep, Reserch Fellow (Ph.D.), Center of Advanced Study, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh) : Comprehensive review on ethnobotany and photochemistry of an herbal weed Trianthema portulacastrum L.. J Pharmac Phytochem 2016, 5(4), 25-31.

Trianthema portulacastrum Linn. (Aizoaceae) is a diffuse, prostrate, branched herb, upto 30-65 cm long weed. It is native of South Africa but widely found in tropical and subtropical countries like India, Sri Lanka, Baluchistan, West Asia, Africa and Tropical America. The plant is considered as a medicinal herb and mostly used in Indian traditional medicine system. The principal drug of the weed is ecdysterone and the other constituents are trianthenol, 3acetylaleuritolic acid, 5,2'dihydroxy7 methoxy6,8 dimethyl flavone and leptorumol. The plant attributed with analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and stomachic properties and used in asthma, bronchitis, jaundice and oedema. The plant used against throat troubles and as an anti-fungal agent. A decoction of the herb is used as a vermifuge and is useful in rheumatism. It is considered as an antidote to alcoholic poisoning. The fleshy nature of leaves makes them suitable for use as a wound-dressing.

3 illus, 2 tables, 33 ref

021512   Bhavani M B;Leelavathi S (NO, , <35>200, 14th Cross, 3rd Main, RMV 2nd Stage, Bangalore-560 094, Email: baanibalu@gmail.com) : Investigation on In vitro cytotoxic activity of a selected wild cucurbitaceae plant Corallocarpus epigeaus against cancer. Int J pharm Sci Res 2015, 6(8), 3554-7.

Medicinal plants have been investigated for possible anti-cancer effects. Corallocarpus epigaeus (Roth & willd.) cl. is an ethnobotanically important wild climber that belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae. The aim of the present study is to examine the cytotoxic activity of Corallocarpus epigaeus (Roth & willd.) cl., on two tumor cell lines. The methanolic root extract of the plant Corallocarpus epigaeus (Roth & willd.) cl. was subjected to cytotoxic activity study against two human cancer cell lines (MCF7, human breast adenocarcinoma and HT-29, human colon carcinoma) using the MTT assay. The concentration of methanolic root extract yields the IC₅₀ value of 183.33±0.7 μg/ml and <62.5μg/ml respectively for HT-29 and MCF-7 cell lines by MTT assay. The results showed that the root extract of Corallocarpus epigaeus has potential anti-cancer activity against MCF-7 and HT-29 human cancer cell lines.

10 ref

021511   Aditya Kumar;Bhatti S K;Mangla C;Aggarwal A (Botany Dep, Dayanand Post Graduate College, Hisar, Haryana, Email: addy.gupta84@gmail.com) : Survey of some important ornamental flowering plants of Solan, Himachal Pradesh with enumeration. Asian J Adv Basic Sci 2015, 3(2), 84-90.

The paper documents the knowledge of some important ornamental flowering plants of Solan, Himachal Pradesh. In the present investigation, seasonal trips were made to collect the plants from different sites of district Solan, Himachal Pradesh. The ornamental flowering plants were observed and some of the plants with medicinal as well as ornamental importance were selected. Proper field note of each specimen was recorded and their identification was done by giving botanical name, local name, parts used, habitat and general morphology. Fifteen ornamentally important plant species belonging to 15 genera and 11 families were studied. The purpose of study is to explore and document the important plant species as they play a vital role in decorative purposes, perfume industries and as well as in the field of medicines.

1 table, 13 ref

020614   Yarrayya K;Ratna Kumar P K (Botanical Survey of India, Southern Regionakl Centre, Coimbatore-641 003, Email: yarrayyakondru@yahoo.com) : Fimbristylis naikii (cyperaceae) an addition to the flora of Andhar Pradesh. J Econ Taxon Bot 2015, 39(3-4), 413-14.

Fimbristylis naikii Wad. Khan & Lakshmin., a new record to the Flora of Andhra Pradesh is described.

8 ref

020613   Xin-Jia Y;Wei L;Ying Z;Ning C;Ying X;Jian W; Tan W;Yue L;Zheng X (NO, Harbin Univ of Commerce, Harbin-150 076, PR China) : New biphenyl neolignan from leaves of Patrinia villosa (Thunb.) juss.. Pharmacog Mag 2016, 12(45), 1-3.

One new stereoisomer of biphenylneolignan with four known compounds was isolated from the leaves of Patrinia villosa Juss. The structure of the new compound was elucidated as 2,6,2',6'-tetramethoxy-4,4'-bis (1,2-trans-2,3-epoxy-1-hydroxypropyl) biphenyl (1) on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. The four known compounds were identified as 2,6,2',6'-tetramethoxy-4,4'-bis(1,2-cis-2,3-epoxy-1-hydroxypropyl)biph enyl (2), 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde (3), luteolin (4) and quercetin(5) by comparison of their spectral data with the reported data, respectively. Compound 1 is a new biphenylneolignan, compound 2 and 3 were isolated for the first time from the plant.

2 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

020612   Ullasa M Y;Girijesh G K;Dinesh Kumar;Pavithra A H;Netravati (Agronomy Dep, Univ of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shimoga-577 225) : Non-chemical pest management practices in export oriented chilli production. Indian J Arecanut Spices med Pl 2015, 17(4), 11-20.

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is considered as one of the commercial spice crop. It is the most widely used universal spice and hence named as wonder spice. India is the second largest exporter of chilli in the world. The world consumption of chillies is growing steadily year by year. Expansion of our export of chillies to increase or even to retain our share of world market is imperative. This can be achieved only through increased productivity and improved quality. Although the crop has got greater export potentiality in spite of its huge domestic requirements, a number of factors seems to limit the crop productivity. Among them the damage caused by pests is significant. Although, use of pesticides bring down the pest damage, they have led to problem of pesticide residues in fruits. The presence of pesticide residues in spices, especially in chillies is a major non-tariff barrier against export of chilli to developed countries. The indiscriminate use of chemicals has led to many undesirable problems like pest resurgence, destruction of natural enemies, environmental pollution etc. Hence it was felt imperative to produce pesticide free chilli by adopting non chemical pest management practices such as selection of suitable varieties, proper date of sowing, intercropping, border cropping techniques by adopting proper nutrient management strategies using plant extracts. Hence it is most advisable to adopt all these integrated non chemical pest management approaches to enhance export quality of chilli with less pesticides residues.

^iia43 ref

020611   Tiwari V;Singh A (Pharmacognosy Dep, Devsthali Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Rudrapur, Uttarakhand, Email: asingh25661@gmail.com) : Comparative analysis of Bauhinia tomentosa L. and Kalanchoe pinnata Lam extracts with regard to their antinociceptive and antipyretic potentials in experimental animal models. Int J Green Pharm 2015, 9(1), 32-8.

In the present study, different parts (stem and roots) of Bauhinia tomentosa and Kalanchoe pinnata have been screened for antipyretic and analgesic activity. Eddy's hot plate method and acetic acid-induced writhing test have been performed to elucidate the mechanism of action of analgesic potential whereas antipyretic potential have been evaluated by the yeast induced hyperthermia model. B. tomentosa root extracts at both the doses (200, 400 mg/kg) and stem extracts at high doses (250, 500 mg/kg) were found to possess statistically significant analgesic as well as antipyretic activity when compared to that of control. K pinnata root and stem extracts at both the doses (200, 400 mg/kg) were found to possess statistically significant analgesic and antipyretic activity when compared with that of control. K. pinnata root extracts were found to possess significantly increases in mean latency time whereas failed to inhibit number of writhings in acetic acid-induced writhing models suggesting its central nervous system action whereas stem extract significantly inhibited number of writhings in acetic acid-induced writhing methods whereas fail to increase mean latency time at both doses respectively suggesting its peripheral nervous system action. Present study reveals that B. tomentosa (root and stem) possesses significant antipyretic and analgesic effect suggests that the plant may have therapeutic value in hyperthermia associated with pain.

5 illus, 5 tables, 23 ref

020610   Tiwar A P;Sikarwar R L S;Shujauddin N (Botanical Survey of India, Central Regionakl Centre, 10 Chatham Lines, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh-211 002, Email: arujuntiwari2007@gmail.com ) : Conspectous of flowering plants: Guru Ghasidas national park, Koriya, Chhattisgarh. J Econ Taxon Bot 2015, 39(3-4), 463-511.

The present paper deals with preliminary account of the flowering plants of the Guru Ghasidas National Park, Koriya, Chhattisgarh. The vegetation of the area is tropical dry deciduous and tropical moist deciduous. Floristic surveys were carried out during 2008-2009 in different ecosystems of the park. During the survey, 602 species of flowering plants belonging to 386 genera and 98 families were recorded. Out of these, 437 species under 282 genera and 78 families belong to dicots and the remaining 165 species under 104 genera and 20 families are monocots. Poaceae is the largest family (74 species) while Cyperus and Ficus are dominant genera (10 species each). The details of analysis of rare plants have been provided in the paper.

3 illus, 1 table, 29 ref

020609   Surage K;Solanki C M (Botany Dep, P.M.B. Gujarati Science College Indore, Madhya Pradesh, Email: Surage.Kiran@gmail.com) : Fodder grasses of Nimar region (Madhya Pradesh). J Econ Taxon Bot 2015, 39(3-4), 449-53.

Nimar region, located in south-western Madhya Pradesh, India. The grasslands in the study are mainly, the plains and the deforested area. The grasslands are under great pressure of grazing and human activities. Grasses are valuable for the live stock. The data regarding the botanical, regional name, and palatability of 69 fodder grasses have been enumerated.

1 table, 10 ref

020608   Sun H;Wang H;Zhang A;Yan G;Han Y;Li Y;Wu X; Meng X;Wang X (Pharmaceutical Analysis Dep, National TCM Key Lab of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Lab of Metabolomics and Chinmedomics, Heilongjiang Univ of Chinese Medicine, Harbin-150 040, China) : Chemical discrimination of cortex Phellodendri amurensis and Cortex Phellodendri chinensis by multivariate analysis approach. Pharmacog Mag 2016, 12(45), 41-9.

As herbal medicines have an important position in health care systems worldwide, their current assessment, and quality control are a major bottleneck. Cortex Phellodendri chinensis (CPC) and Cortex Phellodendri amurensis (CPA) are widely used in China, however, how to identify species of CPA and CPC has become urgent. In this study, multivariate analysis approach was performed to the investigation of chemical discrimination of CPA and CPC. Principal component analysis showed that two herbs could be separated clearly. The chemical markers such as berberine, palmatine, phellodendrine, magnoflorine, obacunone, and obaculactone were identified through the orthogonal partial least squared discriminant analysis, and were identified tentatively by the accurate mass of quadruple-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 29 components can be used as the chemical markers for discrimination of CPA and CPC. Of them, phellodenrine is significantly higher in CPC than that of CPA, whereas obacunone and obaculactone are significantly higher in CPA than that of CPC. The present study proves that multivariate analysis approach based chemical analysis greatly contributes to the investigation of CPA and CPC, and showed that the identified chemical markers as a whole should be used to discriminate the two herbal medicines, and simultaneously the results also provided chemical information for their quality assessment.

3 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref

020607   Srivastava A (Botany Dep, D.G. (P.G) College, Kanpur, Email: archanasrivastavadg@gmail.com) : Evaluation of cytotoxicity of Mirabilis jalapa with allium test. J Envir Biosci 2015, 29(2), 315-17.

The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of aqueous leaf extracts of Mirabilis were evaluated with the aid of the Allium test. The extract was found to exhibit mitotoxic and chromatotoxic effects. Plant extract decreased the mitotic index at all concentration and also induced nuclear lesion. Leaf extract mitotic index decreased to 3.08% (4mg) and 3.23 (4mg), respectively as compared to control 8.43% which showed more than 50% mitotic inhibition in Allium cepa. Whereas, decrease in 0.78% (2mg) and 0.84% (4mg) active mitotic index frequency has been recorded in extract of leaf extract as compared to control 2.28%. The abnormalities observed included nuclear lesions, binucleate cells, prophase accumulation otherwise called prophase poison, sticky metaphase, anaphase bridge. No abnormal cells were observed at telophase. The implications of these anomalies were also discussed. The results lend more support to the reports of several investigators on the urgent need to standardize the dosages of medicinal plant extracts for the treatment of various ailments. The results of this study suggest that, although mirabilis has beneficial effects as a medicinal herb, it can cause serious problems and damage on cells when used improperly.

11 ref

020606   Sinha S;Chsakraborty K;Saha A K;Das P (Mycology and Plant Pathology Lab, Botany Dep, Tripura Univ, Suryamaninagar-799 022, Email: sudipta.sinha15@gmail.com) : Mycorrhizal colonization in plants from selected home garden of Tripura. J mycopathol Res 2016, 54(3), 349-53.

Mycorrhizal fungi forms mutualistic association with higher plants and are provided with carbohydrates and other essential organic components and in return it helps the plant take up nutrients by extending the reach of its root system. The present investigation was carried out in two sites to examine mycorrhizal colonization in ten fruit plants of Tripura. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal colonization (%) was found in all the fruit plant species and Dark septate endophyte (DSE) colonization (%) was found in 5 fruit plants. In this study, AM fungal colonization were recorded within the range of 39.70% to 80.83%. Root length with arbuscules was recorded highest in Phyllanthus emblica (22.85%). Root length with vesicles was highest recorded in Musa paradisiaca (30.86%) and root length with hyphae in Citrus maxima (68.00%). The percentage of root length with DSE fungal structures were present in Mangifera indica, Psidium guajava, Phyllanthus emblica, Artocarpus heterophyllus and Citrus maxima. DSE fungal colonization was maximum in Citrus maxima (8.62%). AM fungal spore density was 32 in Town Bordowali soil and 44 in Pratapgarh soil. A total of 9 spore species were isolated from both the sites. Of which, Acaulospora rehmii, Glomus sp 1 and Glomus sp 2 present in Town Bordowali soil. Acaulospora sp 1, Glomus microaggregatum and Glomus sp 3 and Glomus sp 4 present in Pratapgarh soil. Glomus sp 5 and Glomus sp 6 were present in both the sites. The study provides the gist of mycorrhizal colonization in plants from home garden of Tripura.

2 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

020605   Singh D;Sati S C;Sati M D (Chemistry Dep, HNB Garhwal Univ, Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand) : Evaluation of free radical scavenging activity of methanolic extract of Pholidota articulata. Pharma Innovation 2016, 5(9), 6-7.

Free radical scavenging activity is shown by the methanolic extract of Pholidota articulata (Orchidaceae). The inhibitory concentration (Ic50 values) of methanolic extract of Pholidota articulata is 196.03. At a concentration of 400mg/ml, the scavenging activity of methanolic extract Pholidota articulata reached 82.094%. The Free Radical scavenging activity of methanolic extract is done by diphenyl picryl hydrazine (DPPH) method. Though the DPPH radical scavenging abilities of the plant extracts were observed 400 mg/ml, the study showed that the extracts have the proton donating ability and could serve as free radical inhibitors or scavenging, acting possibly as primary antioxidants. The plant is found to be extensively used in the indigenous system of medicine for the treatment of pain and rheumatic fever, hyperactive states of the gastrointestinal tract, liver diseases, syphilis, infections, fever, pain, inflammations, rheumatism, as a laxative, blood purifier and for the relief of muscular pain.

1 table, 9 ref

020604   Singh A P;Johari D (Pteridology Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow-226 001, Email: ajitpsingh2000@gmail.com) : Ethnobotany and social context of pteridophytes used by Tharu tribes in Terai regions of Uttar Pradesh, India. J Econ Taxon Bot 2015, 39(3-4), 512-26.

Tharu tribe are an ethnic group indigenous to the Terai region of U.P and the southern foothills of Himalayas. Terai represents one of the richest vegetational zones of U.P. Study on ethnobotany and social context of pteridophytes were conducted to document their folk utilization. Data were assembled from frequent survey conducted in 25 forest ranges. A total of 26 species belonging to 16 genera and 14 families were identified. Survey of pteridophytes and interviews conducted with the Tharu communities revealed that 14 species of medicinal plants are utilized in the treatment of 68 diseases. Literature survey showed no documentation of ethnobotanical studies on pteridophytes of this region. Therefore, the paper documents botanical name, regional name, uses for treatment of various diseases, utilization, occurrence, voucher specimens, part of plants used and mode of use, to fill the gap of our knowledge on ethnobotany of Tharu tribes.

4 illus, 47 ref

020603   Saha D (NO, , Journal of Scientific Letters, Kolkata, West Bengal) : Prospects, potentials and practice of Bangladeshi traditional medicine. J scient lett 2016, 1(1), 11-17.

Bangladesh possesses a rich flora of medicinal plants. Continuous use of these plants as items of traditional medicine in the treatment and management of various health problems generation after generation has made the system an integral part of the culture of the people in this country. Both the unani and ayurvedic systems of traditional medicine have firm roots in Bangladesh and are widely practiced all over the country. This article highlights overview, diagnosis, treatment, contribution, official status, production, practice of traditional medicine in Bangladesh.

6 ref

020602   Rana U;Meena Kumari (Biology & Environmental Sciences Dep, College of Basic Sciences, CSKHPKV, Palampur-1760624, Email: rana.usha@rediffmail.com) : Biochemical responses of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes to water stress under mid hill conditions. J Envir Biosci 2015, 29(2), 419-22.

Experiment was conducted to assess drought-tolerance in seven common bean genotypes by inducing stress at flower initiation stage on the basis of inherent stress tolerance characters viz.total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll stability index, nitrate reductase activity, total free proline content, total free amino acids and drought susceptibility index. Data of various biochemical parameters was recorded and revealed significant differences among the various common bean genotypes for chlorophyll content and proline accumulation. KR 15 and KR 186-I, showed minimum reduction in chlorophyll content, chlorophyll stability index and nitrate reductase activity and maximum decline in these parameters was observed in KR 84 and KR 257. Total free proline content and total free amino acids were minimum in the genotypes KR 15 and KR 186-I, whereas, KR 84 and KR 257 showed marked increase. KR 186-I, KR 15 and KRC 5 were found to be most drought tolerant genotypes with lower drought susceptibility index, while KR 257 and KR 84 were most drought susceptible genotypes with higher drought susceptibility index. It was concluded that genotypes KR 186-I, KR 15 and KRC 5 proved to be tolerant to water stress and genotypes KR 60 and KR 142 were moderately drought sensitive, whereas genotypes KR 84 and KR 257 were highly susceptible to water stress.

1 table, 36 ref

020601   Rajkumar G;Nazarudeen A;Alister M (NO, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram-695 562, Email: rjktbgri@gmail.com) : Ardisia stonei Sasidh. & Sivar. (Myrsinaceae)- A new record for Tamil Nadu. J Econ Taxon Bot 2015, 39(3-4), 557-8.

During floristic studies in the Kuttalam hills, Tirunelveli, an interesting specimen of Ardisia was collected which on critical examination was identified as Ardisia stonei Sasidh. & Sivar., a new record for Tamil Nadu. A brief description, nomenclature, phenology, distribution and ecology of the species are provided.

1 illus, 6 ref

020600   Rahman M K;Chowdhury M A;Islam M F;Barua S; Rahman M A (Pharmacy Dep, International Islamic Univ Chittagong, Bangladesh, Email: atiar@cu.ac.bd) : Antidiarrheal and thrombolytic effects of methanol extract of Wikstroemia indica (L.) C.A. Mey leaves. Int J Green Pharm 2015, 9(1), 8-13.

The aim was to investigate the antidiarrheal and thrombolytic effect of W. indica leaf extract. Sample collection, identification, solvent extraction, and crude extract preparations were led to evaluate the antidiarrheal effect in in vivo model and the thrombolytic effect in in vitro model. Castor oil-induced diarrhea and enteropooling assays and gastrointestinal motility tests were used to examine the in vivo antidiarrheal activity in Wistar albino rat. In vitro clot lysis model was undertaken to investigate the thrombolytic action of the extract. Data were analyzed using statistical software (Statistical Package for Social Science, SPSS, version 19.0, SPSS Inc., USA). The diarrheal episode was inhibited by 18.64% and 28.96% for the methanol extract at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. The extract significantly (P <60> 0.05) reduced the intestinal volume and intestinal transit in comparison to control. The extract also reduced the rate of defecation, accumulation of fluid, and transit of charcoal oil. The extract showed a moderate thrombolytic effect compared to the reference control. Methanol extract of W. indica might be triggered the premonition of novel drug discovery in the future due to its antidiarrheal effect in the animal model.

4 tables, 37 ref

020599   Prakasia P P;Nair A S (Botany Dep, Kerala Univ, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram-695 581) : Pharmacognostic and physicochemical standardization of leaves of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.)DC. Pharma Innovation 2016, 5(9), 23-30.

The present study was undertaken with an objective to investigate the pharmacognosy of the crude drug powder of the leaf of Glycosmis pentaphylla an ethno-medicinally important plant belonging to orange family (Rutaceae). Pharmacognostic evaluations were conducted in terms of macroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical and micromeritics analysis according to the WHO and other recommended procedures. The characteristic macroscopic and microscopic features of leaf include presence of oil globules on upper epidermal region, endarch xylem, amphicribral vascular bundles and anomocytic stomata. The Physicochemical analysis reveals values for moisture content, pH, ash values and extractive values which are within the World Health Organisation (WHO) standards for crude drug from medicinal plants. Micromeritic analysis of leaf powder reveals good flow properties of powder which is an important criterion in the manufacture of tablets and capsules. The results of the macroscopic and microscopic evaluations of Glycosmis pentaphylla leaf furnish diagnostic features for judging the authenticity, quality, purity and also to differentiate the drug from its closely related species and also to detect adulterants. The present study on pharmacognostic standardisation, physicochemical evaluation of Glycosmis pentaphylla leaf might be useful to supplement information in regard to its identification parameters assumed significantly in the way of acceptability of herbal drugs in present state of affairs.

9 illus, 6 tables, 20 ref

020598   Patel S;Adhav M (Botany Dep, P.M.B. Gujarati Science College, Indore) : Comparative phytochemical screening and thin layes chromatographic analysis of ethanolic leaf extracts of morphotypes of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn.. Pharma Innovation 2016, 5(10), 49-55.

Hibiscus rosa - sinensis Linn. is one of the important medicinal as well as ornamental plant, belongs to family Malvaceae. It is commonly called Gurhal. The extracts (Leaf) are largely used in the treatment of various diseases. The leaf are emollient and slightly aperients (druary, 2010). Young leaves used for wound healing and treatment for dandruff (Trivedi, 2010). The result of the study revealed the presence of phytochemical constituents such as flavanoids, tannins, glycosides, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, triterpenoids, phytosterols, gum & mucilage. Alkaloids & saponins were absent in phytochemical screening and TLC analysis. The presence of floavonoids, glycosides, phytosterols, terpenoids phenolic compound, tannins are mainly contributed in the medicinal utility of the plant ; since, these constituents are common in all the four tested morphotypes, any one of them can be used as a substitute for others.

10 illus, 10 tables, 25 ref

020597   Netekal V;Kurian A;Shankar A;Kankanawady A (College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural Univ, KAU, P.O., Thrissur-680 656) : Kurunthotti (Sida alnifolia L.) a highly demanded medicinal plant. Indian J Arecanut Spices med Pl 2015, 17(4), 3-7.

16 ref

020596   Naik M C;Kumar M A;Prasad Rao B R (Biodiversity Conservation Div, Botany Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya Univ, Anantapuramu-515 003, Email: biodiversityravi@gmail.com) : Digitaria setigera roth and Eragrostis pilosa (L) P. Beauv. (Poaceae), two new distributional records for Andaman & Nicobar islands, India. J Econ Taxon Bot 2015, 39(3-4), 454-9.

Digitaria setigera Roth and Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P. Beauv. arereported as new distributional records for the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for both the species.

2 illus, 6 ref

020595   Murugan P;Kalidass C;Panda P C (Taxonomy and Conservation, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar-751 001, Email: kalidassindia@gmail.com) : New record of Solanum diphyllum L. (Solanaceae): From Eastern Ghats of India. J Econ Taxon Bot 2015, 39(3-4), 527-9.

Solarium diphyllum L., is newly recorded from Eastern Ghats. India. A detailed description with images and relevant notes are provided for easy identification in the field.

1 illus, 8 ref

020594   Murugan P;Kalidass C;Panda P C (Taxonomy and Conservation, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar-751 001, Email: kalidassindia@gmail.com) : Commelina maculata Edgew. (commelinaceae): a new species from Odisha, India. J Econ Taxon Bot 2015, 39(3-4), 411-2.

Commelina maculata Edgew. is reported here as a new species record for Gajapati, Odisha, India. A short description along with the relevant notes and figure are provided for further collection and identification in the field.

1 illus, 4 ref

020593   Murugan P;Kalidass C;Panda P C (Taxonomy and Conservation, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar-751 001, Email: kalidassindia@gmail.com) : Acmella uliginosa (SW.) cass. (Asteraceae): Note on extended distribution to Odisha, India. J Econ Taxon Bot 2015, 39(3-4), 407-10.

Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass. is recorded here for the first time from Odisha, India. Detailed description, distribution, phenology and photo plate of the collected specimen are provided here for its easy identification. A key to all the three species of Acmella in Odisha is also provided.

1 illus, 12 ref

020592   Murthy E N;Madhav N V (Botany Dep, Satavahana Univ, Karimnagar, Email: murthyen@yahoo.co.in) : Enumeration of medicinal plants of Ramagiri-khilla forests of Karimnagar district, Telengana, Indiana. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2015, 6(4), 4405-16.

Ramagiri hill forest is a good reserve of medicinal plants in Karimnagar district of Telangana, India. It is a sacred groove and historical site. There are 150 medicinal plant taxa recorded which represent 55 angiosperm families. Papilionaceae are the dominant family with 10 species, followed by Caesalpiniaceae eight, (seven each) Apocynaceae, Combretaceae, Cucurbitaceae and Mimosaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae and Rubiaceae (five each). Plant habit-wise, the herbs dominante (57 species), followed by trees (50), shrubs (36), climbers (6) and parasites (1) as source of medicines. This study underscores the need to declare Ramagiri hill as a Medicinal Plant Conservation Centre.

5 illus, 14 ref

020591   Liu C H;Li M;Feng Y Q;Hu Y J;Yu B Y;Qi J (Complex Prescription of TCM, Jiangsu Key Lab of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical Univ, Nanjing-211 198) : Determination of ruscogenin in Ophiopogonis radix by high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector coupled with hierarchial clustering analysis. Pharmacog Mag 2016, 12(45), 13-20.

Ophiopogonis Radix is a famous traditional Chinese medicine. It is necessary to establish a suitable quality control methods of Ophiopogonis Radix. To investigate the quality control methods of Ophiopogonis Radix by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD). A rapid and simple method, HPLC coupled with ELSD, was applied to determinate ruscogenin in 35 batches of Ophiopogenis Radix samples. Orthogonal tests and single factor explorations were used to optimize the extraction condition of ruscogenin. The content of ruscogenin in different origin was further analyzed by hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). The ruscogenin was successfully determined by HPLC-ELSD with a two-phase solvent system composed of methanol-water (88:12) at a flow rate 1.0 ml/min, column temperature maintained at 25°C, detector draft tube temperature at 42.2°C, nebulizer gas flow rate at 1.4 L/min, and the gain at 8. The result showed the good linearity of ruscogenin in the range of 40.20-804.00 μg/ml (R² = 0.9996). Average of recovery was 101.3% (relative standard deviation = 1.59%). A significant difference of ruscogenin content was shown among 35 batches of Ophiopogenis Radix from different origin, varied from 0.0035% to 0.0240%. HCA based on the content of ruscogenin indicated that Ophiopogonis Radix in different origin was mainly divided into two clusters. This simple, rapid, low-cost, and reliable HPLC-ELSD method could be suitable for measurement of ruscogenin content rations and quality control of Ophiopogonis Radix.

5 illus, 16 tables, 28 ref

020590   Kundu S R (NO, Botanical Survey of India, Howrah-711 103, Email: subirranja25@rediffmail.com) : Compendium of droseraceae in India: with special reference to carnivorous habit in plants. J Econ Taxon Bot 2015, 39(3-4), 424-45.

Droseraceae of ca.4 genera (Drasera, Droserophyllum, Aldrovanda and Dionea) and ca. 152 species is cosmopolitan in distribution and concentrated chiefly in Australia and New Zealand. The family is characterized by partial autotrophic and partial heterotrophic (auto-heterotrophic) in nature and insectivorous in habit. The members of Droseraceae, botanically curious plants are represented by ca. 4 taxa in India, on threat of survival, though there are ca. 747 carnivorous plant species, belonging to 12 families, distributed globally. The present paper is dealt with a brief review of salient features, economic potentialities, eco-diversities and survival threat of the Droseraceae members in India with special reference to the ecological, and evolutionary aspects of 'carnivorous habit' in a group of plants.

2 tables, 160 ref

020589   Kishore K;Pangtey Y P S (Botany Dep, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun Univ, Nainital-263 001, Email: yspangtey@gmail.com) : Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. gray (Family: Asteraceae): An exotic in the process of naturalization in Nainital (Kumaun Himalaya). J Econ Taxon Bot 2015, 39(3-4), 542-3.

The flora of Nainital is well explored and studied by several workers (Hooker 1872-1897; Duthie 1906; Jain 1956; Gupta 1968 and others); but no published record of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray is available from Kumaun so far. However, T. diversifolia has been reported from Garhwal region especially from Mussoorie and Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand by Raizada (1976); Babu (1977); Raizada and Saxena (1978); Gaur (1999); Uniyal et al. (2007).

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020588   Kishore K;Pangtey Y P S (Botany Dep, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun Univ, Nainital-263 001, Email: yspangtey@gmail.com) : Two species of Ceropegia L. (Family: Asclepiadaceae) recollected after a century from Kumaun Himalaya. J Econ Taxon Bot 2015, 39(3-4), 539-41.

Genus Ceropegia L. belonging to Asclepiadaceae is a pantropical old world genus having over 200 species distributed in the South-East Asia, Indian subcontinent, Madagascar, Arabian Peninsula, Canary Islands, most of Africa except Mediterranean region, New Guinea and northern parts of Australia. Ansari (1984) and Jagpat & Singh (1999) have revised the Indian Ceropegia L. and reported 44 species in the mountains of southern and western India with a few in the Himalaya, of which 28 species are said to be endemic to India. Recently Yadav and Kamble (2008) have estimated that this genus represents about 50 species out of which about 38 species occur in Western Ghats. According to Nautiyal et al. (2009) there are nine species of this genus known from the Indian Himalayan (both eastern and western Himalayan region). However, from the Uttrakhand Himalaya, about five species have been collected and reported. They are: C. angustifolia Wight, C. bulbosa Roxb., C. longifolia Wall. (syn. C. borii Raizada), C. macrantha Wight (syn. C. raizadiana Babu) and C. wallichii Wight (Uniyal et al. 2007). These species are known to occur either in the sub-Himalayan tracts or in the lower valleys of Uttrakhand..

8 ref

020587   Karmakar P;Ghosh R;Saha A K;Das P (Mycology and Plant Pathology Lab, Botany Dep, Tripura Univ, Suryamaninagar-799 022) : Aeromycoflora of mixed forest and rubber plantation sites of Tripura. J mycopathol Res 2016, 54(3), 431-4.

The aeromycoflora in the mixed forest and rubber plantation have been studied by petriplate exposure method and Burkard Personal Air sampler for non-culturable fungi. The survey revealed 9 fungal genera and several sterile hyphae. The most predominant fungus was Cladosporium sp found in both the sampling sites. Sixteen genera were identified based on the spores collected by the non-viable methodology from both the sites. Ascospore was registered in a highest number of isolate in both the sites with regards to the genera with spore percentage. This study provides baseline information on composition of air borne fungi in mixed forest and rubber plantation of Tripura.

^ssc3 illus, 4 tables, 4 ref

020586   Kapadiya I B;Lukose C;Akbari F (NO, Junagadh Agricultural Univ, Junagadh-362 001) : Evaluation of fungicides against stemphylium blight in garlic. Indian J Arecanut Spices med Pl 2015, 17(4), 21-6.

The leaf blight caused by Stemphylium vesicarium (Waller) E. Simmons is an important destructive disease of garlic (Allium sativum Linnaeus). It appears every year in a moderate to severe form in garlic growing areas of Saurashtra region of Gujarat. Field trials conducted during rabi 2012-13 and 2013-14 to find out the relative efficacy of different fungicides as foliar spray against Stemphylium leaf blight indicated that all the fungicides sprayed were significantly effective in reducing the intensity of garlic blight except pyraclostrobin and metiram + pyraclostrobin which exhibited the least efficacy against the disease. The minimum leaf blight intensity (2.92%) and maximum disease control (73.97%) were recorded in foliar application of propiconazole 25 EC (0.025%) followed by mancozeb 75WP (0.2%). The maximum bulb yield of 4540 kg/ha was in foliar spray of propiconazole followed by tebuconazole (4433 kg/ha) and mancozeb (4407 kg/ha).

3 tables, 12 ref

020585   Kader S A (Plant Biology & Plant Biotechnology Dep, Presidency College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu-600 005) : Occurrence of new Aegle species (Aegle tamilnadensis Abdul kader) in Chennai (The erstwhile madras), Tamil Nadu, Southern India- An addition to the flora of rutaceae. J Econ Taxon Bot 2015, 39(3-4), 544-51.

The genus Aegle Correa (Rutaceae) contains about three species viz., Aegle marmelos (L) Correa, Aegle decandra,F. Villar (= Aegle glutinosa) and Aegle barteri Hook. f. ex Oliv. (= Afraegle paniculata). In India, including Tamil Nadu (Gamble, 1921; Matthew, 1983) and Kerala (Sasidharan, 2004), it is represented by only Aegle marmelos (=Crateva marmelos L., A. marmelos (L) Correa var. mahurensis Zate) ('Vilvam' in Tamil and 'Koovalam' in Malayalam), which is a polymorphic species. However, while working at Govt. Siddha Medical College, Arumbakkam, Chennai, accidentally, I came across one Aegle species which was planted in August 2005 by the then Principal 5f the college; assuming it as Aegle marmelos. To identify this species appropriately, flowers and fruits were observed along with other phenological characters. Taxonomical characters were recorded and compared with all the reported Aegle species. It was revealed that this species is different from all the three reported Aegle species and hence it is designated as a new species. Since the species was originally collected from Tamil Nadu forest (as type locality), it is named as Aegle tamilnadensis (locally called as 'Kaattu Vilvam' in Tamil and 'Kaattu Koovalam' in Malayalam). Thus, the present collection is a new record to Rutaceae.

1 table, 4 ref

020584   Kader S A (Plant Biology & Plant Biotechnology Dep, Presidency College (Auronomous), Chennai, Tamil Nadu-600 005, Email: sakfri@rediffmail.com) : Indented key for Cleome L. (Cleomaceae) species of Southern India. J Econ Taxon Bot 2015, 39(3-4), 530-3.

Since the last three decades, no modification had been carried out on Cleome L. genus in Southern India. Therefore, to study the recent status of this genus especially in Kerala and Tamil Nadu; and to prepare a detailed easy identification dichotomous key for them, a detailed taxonomical study at Presidency College in 2012-2014 has been undertaken. The present study reports 12 Cleome L. species in southern India; nine species in Tamil Nadu and 11 species in Kerala. It documents all the eight species viz., Cleome aspera Koenig ex DC., C. burmannii Wight and Arn., C. chelidonii L. f., C. felina L. f., C. gynandra L. (= Gynandropsis pentaphylla DC.), C. monophylla L., C. angustifolia Forssk. (= C. tenella L.) and C. viscosa L. reported earlier in southern India by Gamble (1935). Besides the eight species mentioned above, one more exotic species C. rutidosperma DC. occur in Tamil Nadu; while in Kerala, C. felina L. f. is absent but an addition to that four exotic species viz., C. hassleriana Chodat, C. rutidosperma DC., C. speciosa Raf., and C. spinosa Jacq. are found. Till date no flora pertaining to southern India has a detailed identification key for the 12 species collectively, a detailed intended dichotomous key is prepared for easy identification.

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020583   Kader S A (Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology Dep, Presidency College (Autonomous), Chennai, Tamil Nadu-600 005) : Taxonomical studies on Niebuhria apetala Dunn (Capparidaceae)- A lesser known tree, endemic to Southern India. J Econ Taxon Bot 2015, 39(3-4), 460-2.

In the present paper detailed taxonomical study on Niebuhria apetala, was undertaken and the results are presented. It is a deciduous tree growing in the dry habitat on red soil, height: about five m. Leaves: palmately trifoliate, petiolate, alternate, dimorphic; mature leaves ovate acuminate apiculate, coppice shpots leaves linear-acuminate apiculate. Inflorescence: terminal corymb. Flowers: apetalous, small, fragrant, shortly-pedicellate and bisexual. Calyx: tubular, fourlobed above, fragrant; tube green, lobes recurved, ovate acuminate, margin white tomentose, green outside and dark greenish-purple inside. Corolla: Absent. Androecium: Stamens numerous, 40-45, spreading from the gynophore at about the level of the calyx-tube upper edge; filaments white but greenish at the base near the attachment area, from 1.6 to 2.3 cm long. Gynoecium: Gynophore two cm long, white; ovary green, 1.7-2.4 mm long, monocarpellary; style absent. Fruit: ovoid berry, stalked, stalk 8.7 cm long. Seeds: one with two cotyledons, oblong, embedded in the pulp.

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020582   Hemalata S K;Kameshwari M N S (Botany Dep, Bangalore Univ, Bangalore, Email: mn.shivakameshwari@gmail.com) : Morpho-anatomical studies in Urginea indica, Kunth hyacinthacea - a wonderful wild herb. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2015, 6(4), 4389-92.

Present paper reports anatomical investigation of Urginea indica, a wild and less known plant and important medicinal herb. In this investigation there is an effort to investigate most available varieties which were identifeid by scientists in past and as many accessions available in India with their geographical locations. Plant samples were collected from dry hilly areas and rocky places of India. Urginea indica is found throughout the plains and in the dry hills of the lower Himalayas. Infectious diseases, Pains and Inflammation, Common ailments, Systemic disorders, Organ-specific disorders are treated in Ayurveda and Unani by Urginea indica. Plant anatomy, the study of the internal structure of plants, has been a source of fascination and a field of scientific inquiry since the time of the earliest microscopists. Transverse sections of plant parts viz., stem, leaf, anther, stigma, ovary, seed, bulb scale, bulb peel and root were investigated. In macerated material of bulbs there are showing xylem trachieds/ vessels that are showing short and wider in diameter elements that indicate advanced among monocots. Roots show distinct radial polyarch condition with casperian thickenings in endodermis. In leaves, stomata are hypostomatic and anomocytic type. Flowers are trimerous, bisexual. Dithecous anthers in t.s show clear four pollen chambers. Pollen shape was ellipsoid and its surface was reticulate. Gynoecium is with globose or trifid stigma, short style and trilobed ovary. Ovary is superior and having axile placentation, ovules are anatropous. These anatomical features will help to provide information of taxonomic significance.

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020581   Gupta R K;Rao M;Tiwari P;Sharma S L (Zoology Dep, Jai Narain Vyas Univ, Jodhpur-342 005, Email: beesind@gmail.com) : Forage plants of Nomia elliotii Smith, apolylectic solitary bee (hymenoptera, apoidea, halictidae, nomiinae) distributed all over Northern India. J Envir Biosci 2015, 29(2), 393-6.

This series of publication comprises the information on forage plants recorded from the fields during various expeditions conducted so far. Present study reports the 34 species of identified plants which attracted Nomia elliotii Smith, a member of family Halictidae (Nomiinae).It was collected from plains of almost complete northern India. This beemakes its nest in huge aggregation under soft soils. The female was observed occupying one of the several lengthy galleries of its individual nestaggregated with hundreds of other females. It usually collects pollen and nectar both, from flowerings of the listed plants. The data presented here would apprehend the applicable crop rotation for this speedy pollinator of several angiosperms all over northern territories of India.

1 table, 24 ref

020580   Dubey P K;Ganeshpurkar A;Dubey S;Kakkar A (Chemistry Dep, Natural Products Lab, Model Science College (Autonomous), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, Email: dccpkd@gmail.com) : Isolation and studies on chemotherapeutic potential of aloin. Int J Green Pharm 2015, 9(1), 45-9.

The current work was focused to evaluate bioactive potential of aloin. Aloin was isolated from tobacco leaves. The structure was confirmed by H1 NMR spectroscopy. The isolated aloin was studied for possible antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, larvicidal, and cytotoxic effects. The results are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean. Experiments were always performed in triplicates. Statistical comparison was performed using analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni's test (*P <60> 0.05). Results of studies demonstrated that rutin effectively inhibited the growth of bacteria and fungi, as well as it also demonstrated the anthelmintic potential. There was a positive response for larvicidal and cytotoxic effects. These studies justify chemotherapeutic potential of aloin.

5 illus, 2 tables, 40 ref

020579   de Morais Rodrigues M C;Borges L L;Martins F S;Mourao R H V;DA Conceicao E C (Lab of PD&I of Bioproducts, School of Pharmacy, Federal Univ of Goias, Jatai, Brazil) : Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Myrcia amazonica DC. (Myrtaceae) leaves. Pharmacog Mag 2016, 12(45), 9-12.

Myrcia amazonica. DC is a species predominantly found in northern Brazil, and belongs to the Myrtaceae family, which possess various species used in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders, infectious diseases, and hemorrhagic conditions and are known for their essential oil contents. This study aimed applied the Box-Behnken design combined with response surface methodology to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction of total polyphenols, total tannins (TT), and total flavonoids (TF) from M. amazonica DC. The results indicated that the best conditions to obtain highest yields of TT were in lower levels of alcohol degree (65%), time (15 min), and also solid: Liquid ratio (solid to liquid ratio; 20 mg: 5 mL). The TF could be extracted with high amounts with higher extraction times (45 min), lower values of solid: Liquid ratio (20 mg: mL), and intermediate alcohol degree level. The exploitation of the natural plant resources present very important impact for the economic development, and also the valorization of great Brazilian biodiversity. The knowledge obtained from this work should be useful to further exploit and apply this raw material.

2 illus, 3 tables, 24 ref

020578   Chakrabarty T;Balakrishna N P (NO, Botanic Garden Lane, Howrah-711 103, Email: tchakrab@gmail.com) : Notes on the status of Glochidion kingii and G. Zeylanicum var. Arunachalense (Phyllanthaceae), two endemic taxa of India. J Econ Taxon Bot 2015, 39(3-4), 555-6.

Glochidion kingii M.V. Ramana, M. Sanjappa, Venu & Alok Chorghe is reduced to a synonym of G. khasicum (Mull.Arg.) Hook.f. var. bilobulatum (Vasudeva Rao & Chakrab.) Chakrab. & M. Gangop., while G. zeylanicum (Gaertn.) A.Juss. var. arunachalense Chakrab. & M. Gangop. is transferred to G. mishmiense Hook.f. with a varietal status.

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020577   Chakrabarty T;Balakrishanan N (NO, , Botanic Garden Lane, Howrah-711 103, Email: tchakrab@gmail.com) : Reinstatement of four taxa synonymized under Breynia quadrangularis with proposal for a new subgenus Hemisauropus (Phyllanthaceae). J Econ Taxon Bot 2015, 39(3-4), 415-19.

Breynia J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. subg. Breynia sect. Cryptogynium (Mull.-Arg.) Welzen & Pruesapan is elevated to subgeneric rank for which the earliest name subg. Hemisauropus (Mull.-Arg.) Chakrab. & N.P. Balakr., comb. nov. is applicable. The species Sauropus compressus Mull.-Arg., S. quadrangularis (J.G. Klein ex Willd.) Mull.-Arg. var. puberulus Kurz, S. concinnus Collett & Hemsl. and S. rigidus Thwaites, synonymized under Breynia quadrangularis (J.G. Klein ex Willd.) Chakrab. & N.P. Balakr. earlier known as Sauropus quadrangularis, based on Phyllanthus quadrangularis J.G. Klein ex Willd., are reinstated to their respective ranks and in the process, Sauropus concinnus is transferred to Breynia.

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020576   Boros K;Jedlinszki N;Csupor D (Pharmacognosy Dep, Faculty of Pharmacy, Univ of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary, Email: csupor.dezso@pharmacognosy.hu) : Theanine and caffeine content of infusions prepared from commercial tea samples. Pharmacog Mag 2016, 12(45), 75-9.

Caffeine and L-theanine are pharmacologically important constituents of tea, especially due to their effects on the central nervous system. The effects of these two compounds are opposite: While caffeine is a well-known stimulant, theanine has a relaxing effect. Tea processing may influence the caffeine and theanine content of tea leaves. The aim of our work was to quantify these constituents from a set of commercial products to reveal the possible correlations of caffeine and theanine content and processing methods. Theanine and caffeine contents of 37 commercial white, green, oolong, black, and pu-erh tea samples were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector. The mean L-theanine content of white, green, oolong, and black teas were 6.26, 6.56, 6.09, and 5.13 mg/g, respectively. The same values for caffeine content were 16.79, 16.28, 19.31, and 17.73 mg/g. Though the effect of processing on theanine content was evident, quantification for these analytes does not seem to be a good criterion to discriminate the different types of tea. Caffeine content provided no information on the effect of processing, and the theanine content of the samples was rather variable, independently from the type of the tea. The quantitative analysis of caffeine and theanine is essential to assess the stimulating effect of the tea, however, for chemical profiling further secondary metabolites have to be determined.

3 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref

020575   Bhellum B L (Botany Dep, Govt. Colege for Women, Parade, Jammu-180 001, Email: blbhellum@gmail.com) : Ageratum koulianum (Eupatorieae, asteraceae): a new species from India. J Econ Taxon Bot 2015, 39(3-4), 420-3.

Ageratum koulidnum (Eupatorieae, Asteraceae) investigated on the basis of plant specimens of a species in 2015, growing in a natural habitat was collected during survey from Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The new species is closely allied Ageratum conyzoides L. and Ageratum houstonianum M. It differs from them in having leaves glabrous above, margin deeply crenate or creno-dentate, pappus scales fimbriolate, three mm long, awned, browinsh black, four-angled achenes. A detailed description of the species, information regarding its habitat, flowering and fruiting periods, photograph of species and illustrations of the twig and floral parts including cypsela are provided.

2 illus, 9 ref

020574   Bhattacharjee S;Saha A K;Das P (Mycology and Plant Lab, Botany Dep, Tripura Univ, Suryamaninagar-799 022, Email: 88sukla@gmail.com) : Diversity of fungal endophytes with antibacterial activity from five medicinal plants of Tripura. J mycopathol Res 2016, 54(3), 427-30.

Fungi are heterotrophic eukaryotes with unique characteristics that set them well apart from both plants and animals. Fungi are so versatile in adapting themselves that they could occupy a variety of ecological habitats. The role of symbiosis between plant and microorganism is considered a key element for eukaryotes colonization of the land. In the present study, a preliminary work has been carried out to check the assemblage of fungal endophytes from different parts of five medicinal plants of Tripura. It was found that a variety of fungal endophytes have been recorded from the different plant samples. Among them Fusarium oxysporum, Diaporthe phaseolorum were found to be dominant. Further the antibacterial activity of some selected endophytes were also screened against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. All the endophytes showed differential inhibition zone against the tested bacteria.

3 tables, 13 ref

020573   Basha S K M;Reddy P S K;Paul M J (NO, N.B.K.R. Medicinal Plant Research Centre, Vidhya Nagar-524 413, Email: drskmbasha@gmail.com) : Phytodiversity conservation of Narasimha Konda sacred groove, Eastern Ghats, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh. J Econ Taxon Bot 2015, 39(3-4), 534-8.

Flora is an integral part of biological, ecological, sociological and edaphics factor of an area. It is essential for sustaining fauna and for maintaining heritable environment. Adequate knowledge of flora is necessary for planning sustainable development. The present paper is focused on flora of Narasimha Konda Sacred groove, Eastern Ghats, Nellore.

2 illus, 10 ref

020572   Babu M H;Reddi T V V S (Botany Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003, Email: reddytvvs@rediffmail.com) : Ethnomedicine for cuts and wounds by the tribals of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. J Econ Taxon Bot 2015, 39(3-4), 559-63.

The present study yielded 45 plant species covering 41 genera and 30 families used by the tribals of Visakhapatnam for healing cuts and wounds. Herbs are more prevalent followed by trees, shrubs and climbers. Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae and Moraceae are the dominant families. Leaf followed by stem bark, latex, root bark, stem, tuberous root and others.

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