012939   Bhale U N;Sawant V S;Ambuse M G;Chatage V S (Research Laboratory, Botany Dep, Arts, Science and Commerce College, Nadurg Osmanabad-413 602) : Physiologcal studies on some sensitive and resistant isolates of Alternaria spinaciae from spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) leaves. Biosci Biotechnol Res Communs 2011, 4(2), 188-93.

Twenty one isolates of Alternaria spinaciae were isolated from leaf spot of spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.). Sensitivity of these isolates were tested against Carbendazim (50% WP) by food poisoning technique. Some of these isolates were resistant to fungicide whereas others were sensitive. In this study different physical factors viz., temperature, pH and light were tested against sensitive (As 1) and resistant (NMU As 1) isolates in vitro conditions. Radial growth and spore germination of fungicide resistant and sensitive isolates were checked by using Czapek Dox Agar (CZA) medium. The results revealed that radial growth and spore germination was found maximum at 25°C followed by 15°C temp. Maximum radial growth and spore germination was found at 6.5 followed by 7.5 pH. Continuous tight and white light were found ideal for maximum radial growth and spore germination of A. spinaciae. It was seen that the radial growth and spore germination of resistant isolate was higher than that of the sensitive one.

3 illus, 3 tables, 24 ref

012938   Bhakthavatchalu S;Shivakumar S;Sullia S B (Microbiology Dep, Centre for PG Studies, Jain Univ, Bangalore) : Characterization of multple plant growth promotion traits of Pseudomonas aeruginosa FP6, a potential stress tolerant biocontrol agent. Ann Biol Res 2013, 4(2), 214-33.

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial bacteria that colonize plant roots and enhance plant growth by a wide variety of mechanisms. Thus the present study focuses on the screening of effective PGPR isolate with multiple traits related to biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi. In our study, a total of 51 bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere soil samples were isolated and screened for their antagonistic activity against wide range of phytopathogens. Bacterial antagonist showing highest percent and broad spectrum antagonism against fungal phytopathogens was selected and further identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa FP6 on the basis of 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. P. aeruginosa FP6 was screened for other plant growth promoting factors like phosphate solubilization, production of IAA, ammonia, siderophore and cell wall degrading enzyme activities- cellulase, chitinase and protease. The isolate was able to solubilize phosphate, produce IAA, siderophore, HCN, ammonia and biosurfactant. Study on effects of volatile and non-volatile antibiotic compounds on fungal phytopathogens inhibition showed volatile and diffusible metabolites as the major mechanism. The intrinsic antibiotic test showed that FP6 isolate was resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin, cotrimoxazole, rifampicin, ampicillin, cefepime and cefoxitin. Part of this study focused on the effect of NaCl, temperature, and pH on Pseudomonas aeruginosa FP6. Strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa FP6 was able to grow on up to 4.5 M NaCl, between 20 and 60°C and at pH 5-10. Inoculation of cowpea seeds with the P. aeruginosa FP6 significantly (P <60> 0.05) enhanced seed germination, seedling vigor index, plant height, and also fresh and dry weight in comparison with the control. Results from this study show the multifarious plant growth promoting activities of P. aeruginosa and suggests its potential use in developing a cost-effective eco-friendly multifunctional biofertilizer.

43 ref

012937   Benniamin A (Botanical Survey of India, Arunachal Pradesh Regional Centre, Itanagar-791 111) : Genus Dryopteris Adans. (Pteridophyta-Aspidiaceae sensu lato) from Mizoram (Northeast India). Indian J For 2011, 34(3), 345-52.

Deals with nine species of Dryopteris Adans. occurring in Mizoram. Artificial key for identification, correct nomenclature, diagnostic feature and photos of all the nine species have been provided to facilitate easy identification.

2 illus, 9 ref

012936   Befrozfar M R;Habibi D;Asgharzadeh A; Sadeghi-Shoae M;Tookalloo M R (Horticulture Dep, Islamic Azad Univ, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Alborz, Iran) : Vermicompost, plant growth promoting bacteria and humic acid can affect the growth and essence of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Ann Biol Res 2013, 4(2), 8-12.

To evaluate the effect of vermicompost, plant growth promoting bacteria and humic acid on growth and essence of basil an experiment was conducted in agriculture research field of Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran. The treatments were including; plant growth promoting bacteria (inoculation and non inoculation), vermicompost (application and non application), humic acid (non application, seed treated and foliar application) applied in the form of factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design. The results depicted that inoculation of PGPRs and application of vermicompost significantly affects almost the measured trait except for wet dry weight, leaf area and treatments were in the different statistical group. Whereas, seed treated of humic acid was superior to spraying it or to control. The highest wet and dry yield, essence yield and chlorophyll a, b and a+ b was observed in the interaction between PGPRs and vermicompost, indicating the synergistic effect. The interaction between PGPRs and humic acid led to the highest essence percentage, essence yield and plant height. Regarding to the replacement of chemical fertilizers with biologic fertilizers, it seems that applying biofertilizers, vermicompost and humic acid can decrease the use of chemical fertilizers and their negative effect. In addition they may play an important role to obtain the purposes of sustainable agriculture.

36 ref

012935   Bawa R;Thakur C L;Sankhyan H P;Ali A (NO, Dr. Y.S. Parmar Horticulture and Forestry Univ, Nauni, Solan-173 230) : Photosynthetic efficiency of native flora under natural stress in cold desert areas of Himachal Pradesh. Indian J For 2011, 34(4), 387-90.

Deserts of cold are related more to the physiographic causes because of their location and are characterized by natural stress conditions such as high altitude, aspect, subzero winter temperature (-20° to -30°C), high daily and seasonal diurnal temperature variations, high IR and UV radiations, reduced O₂ and CO₂ levels, soil moisture frozen during early spring, etc., which hinder the photosynthetic activities. Under such stress conditions, only few species possess the capability to survive. The study deals with the estimation of the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency of natural flora and the introduced species.

2 tables, 8 ref

012934   Baruah S;Borthakur S K;Gogoi P;Ahmed M (Botany Dep, Gauhati Univ, Guwahati-781 014, Email: sanjibbaruah9@gmail.com) : Ethnomedicinal plants used by Adi-Minyong tribe of Arunachal Pradesh, Eastern Himalaya. Indian J nat Prod Resour 2013, 4(3), 278-82.

Deals with folklore medicinal uses of 31 plant species belonging to 25 families for various ailments among the Adi-Minyong tribe of Arunachal Pradesh. It is also recorded that some of the species like Solanum spirale Roxb., Pueraria thunbergiana Benth., Calicarpa arborea Roxb., etc, having multiple uses among the local people and their use in their festival and rituals have been recorded for the first time in the present study.

1 table, 16 ref

011836   Yonzone R;Lama D;Bhujel R B;Gogoi K;Rai S (Botany Dep, St. Jospeh's College, P.O. North Point, Darjeeling, West Bengal, Email: ryonzone99@gmail.com) : Calanthe yuksomnensis S.Z. Lucksom (orchidaceae)- a new record for Darjeeling Himalaya of West Bengal. Life Sci Bull 2012, 9(2), 359-60.

Deals with the Calanthe yuksomnensis S. Z. Lucksom (Orchidaceae) is collected from Sukiapokhari, Takdah and Mim Tea Estate, Dhotrey and Rambi forest of Darjeeling Himalaya and is reported as new record for the Darjeeling Himalaya of West Bengal. A detailed description is provided herewith for easy identification.

1 illus, 9 ref

011835   Singh V;Gupta S R;Singh N (Botany Dep, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136 119, Email: sgupta2002@yahoo.com) : Vegetation composition and plant diversity in plantation forests in Arid regions of Southern Haryana. Ann Biol 2014, 30(1), 189-96.

Objective of study was to analyze vegetation composition and plant diversity in plantation forests in protected areasin Mahendergarh district of southern Haryana. Study sites are located in Protected Forests in Hahendergarh District. The plantation forests of Acacia tortilis-Prosopis cineraria and Acacia tortilis-Acacia nilotica at Salimbad and Duloth were selected. The climate of study area is arid and tropical. The plantation forest was dominated by A. tortilis and co-dominated by P. cineraria at Salimabad, whereas at Duloth A. tortilis and A. nilotica were predominant tree species. Tree species in tree plantation exhibited a population structure with most of the individual in intermediate girth classes. The number of seedlings and daplings was low. The Shannon's diversity index for the two plantation forests was 1.181 to 1.368. The Pielou's index of equitability was comparatively higher for the A. tortilis-P. cineraria plantation forest at Salimabad than that of A. tortilis-A. nilotica forest plantation at Duloth. The margalef's index of diversity ranged from 0.32 to 0.47. Most of herbaceous plants showed a contiguous distribution because of patchy growth of plants. The Simpson's index of diversity for herbaceous plants was 0.309 to 0.202. Appreciable diversity of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants in the forestry plantation. Thus, forestry plantations were found to play an important role in biodiversity conservation in a dry region and to rehabilitate degraded lands.

6 illus, 5 tables, 29 ref

011834   Singh A K;Shukla D N (Botany Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad-211 002, Email: ashoks286@gmail.com) : Effect of different media on the growth, sporulation and chlamydospore formation of four spp. of Fusarium. J mycopathol Res 2012, 50(2), 301-4.

Nine culture media viz., Peptone Dextrose-Rose Bengal Agar Medium, Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) Medium, Oatmeal Agar Medium, PCNB Agar Modified, Czapek dox Agar Medium, Asthana and Hawker's Medium, modified Asthana and Hawker's Medium 'A', Richard's Agar Medium and Glucose Asparagine medium were used to find out the most suitable one for the mycelial growth of the Fusarium. Out of them Rechard's medium supported best growth of the present species of Fusarium. It was followed by Czapek's medium in case of F. acuminatum and F. so/an/ whereas PCNB Agar modified was second best in case of F. oxysporum and F. equiseti. Asthana and Hawker's medium 'A' supported poor growth of all Fusarium sp. Sporulation was excellent on modified Asthana and Hawker's medium 'A, followed by Potato Dextrose-Agarand Richard's medium. Chlamydospore were also observed in a few cases and were produced in fair degree on Oat meal medium in each case. On Peptone Dextrose Rose Bengal medium only microspores were observed. The final pH of different media increased. However, a decrease in pH was recorded in case of Czepak's Dox-Agar medium and Oat meal media in every case.

4 tables, 14 ref

011833   Sen S K;Karkun D (NO, G.D. Rungta College of Science and Technology, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, Email: sat_bot@yahoo.co.in) : Phyto-sociological sudies of Urla pond in Durg city. Life Sci Bull 2012, 9(2), 413-6.

Majority of the ponds of Durg-Bhilai city are biotically disturbed shallow and perennial fresh water bodies. These are rich in plant diversity showing luxuriant growth of macrophytes. Certain macrophytes in the ponds are found useful to man and domestic animals. Since macrophytes are the major contributors of pond productivity, the present investigation have been focused on the same.

5 tables, 19 ref

011832   Satpathy M R;Beura S K;Mohanty R C (Botany Dep, D.D. College, Keonjhar) : Epidemiological studies on Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magn.) scribber, the incitant of cowpea anthracnose. J mycopathol Res 2012, 50(2), 329-31.

The epidemiological factors like temperature, relative humidity and pH were studied under the laboratory conditions for spore germination of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, the causative organism of anthracnose disease in cowpea. Maximum spore germination was marked at optimum temperature 28°C, relative humidity 95-100% and pH 6.5-7.0.

3 tables, 16 ref

011831   Ranjana;Basu M (Botany Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad-211 002) : Biscogniauxia mediterrannea- a wood rotting pathogen. J mycopathol Res 2012, 50(2), 337-9.

Biscogniauxia mediterranea is a xylariaceous fungus of Phylum Ascomycota. It was collected from different localities of Allahabad from year 2004 to year 2011 on different host trees viz., Azadirachta indica, Butea monosperma, Citrus limon, De/onix regia, Ficus racemosa, Mangifera indica, Shorea robusta and Tamarindus indica belonging to family Anacardiaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Fabaceae, Meliaceae, Moraceae and Rutaceae. It was found to be dangerous pathogen for Citrus limon which ultimately killed the host plant. In this paper description, illustration and reporting of the fungus are presented.

2 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

011830   Rama Kant (Botany Dep, Ramkrishna Mahavidyalaya, Kailashahar, Unakoti, Tripura, Email: ramakant.algae@gmail.com) : Distribution pattern of taxa of family nostocaceae nostocales, cyanoprokaryote in rice-fields of Kailashahar and its adjoining areas. Life Sci Bull 2012, 9(2), 395-7.

Deals with biodiversity and distribution pattern of blue-green algal genera of family Nostocaceae, Nostocales, Cyanoprokaryotes in rice-fields of Kailashahar and its adjoining area of Unakoti District of Tripura. Total 36 rice fields of three localities viz. Kailashahar, Kumarghat and Shrirampur of Unakoti District of Tripura, India were explored for the occurrence and distribution pattern of Nostocacean members in rice-fields. Present study revealed the occurrence of 41 strains of 05 genera from three sites of Unakoti district of Tripura. These genera include Anabaena (l3),Aulosira (04), Cylindrospermum (04), Nostoc (18) and Wollea (02). Out of total 41 strains of 05 genera, 21 strains of 05 genera viz, Anabaena (10), Aulosira (04) Cylindrospermum (03), Nostoc (02) and Wollea (02) were found growing in low land rice-fields and 20 strains of 03 genera viz. Anabaena (03), Cylindrospermum (01), Nostoc (16) were found growing on moist soils of rice-fields. On the basis of observations it is concluded that the rice fields of Tripura harbour more than 50% strains of total known Indian Nostocacean members of Cyanoprokaryotes..

1 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

011829   Prasad B (Botany Dep, Rajendra College, Chapra, Bihar, Email: bharat_p025@rediffmail.com) : Isolation and characterization of soil inhabiting actibomycetes from Saran plain of Bihar. Life Sci Bull 2012, 9(2), 375-8.

A total of 52 different actinomycetes strain were isolated from soil samples collected from different location in different season from Saran plain. Maximum strains were isolated in first quarter of the Saran district from humus soil, were assigned to genus Streptomyces, Nocardia and Thermoactinomycetes on the basis of morphological and biochemical studies. Among them Streptomyces are predominant and constitute 40% of total isolates. The result of present investigation raveled that actinomycetes population have great diversity in morphology, spore mass colour and their nutritional requirements.

3 tables, 18 ref

011828   Pathak K;Bajpai S P;Jain P;Parmar S P S (Botany Dep, Govt. P.G. College, Tikamgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Email: pkaushlesh@yahoo.in) : Phenological study of some medicinal plant species in Sagar (Madhya Pradesh). Life Sci Bull 2012, 9(2), 409-11.

The phenological changes of plants in relation to various phases of their life cycle and seasons is governed by a number of composite factors. Phenological studies of five medicinal plant species namely Asparagus recemosus, Andrographis paniculata, Helicteres isora, Mucuna prurita and Gloriosa superba have been undertaken. The timing of phenophases is clearly correlated with air temperature, soil temperature, photoperiod and soil moisture but it may vary from species to species. Man has often been attracted by the phenological changes taking place in his surrounding flora.

4 tables, 19 ref

011827   Oinam Ibetombi Devi;Dutta B K (Ecology and Environmental Dep, Assam Univ, Silchar, Assam, Email: ibetombioinam@yahoo.in) : Effect of allelopathic plants Ageratum conyzoides and Clerodendrum viscosum on the germination of seeds and seedlings vigour of Oryza sativa L. in vitro. Life Sci Bull 2012, 9(2), 259-62.

The allelopathic effects of aqueous leaf extracts of Ageratum conyzoides and Clerodendrum viscosum on seed germination, radicle and plumule length of seedlings of Oryza sativu L. were studied by applying 2,4,6,8 and 10% concentrations of leaves of Ageratum conyzoides and Clerodendrum viscosum. Seed germination were found to be inhibited in all the leaf extract concentrations used i.e. 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%, however higher inhibition was observed in the 10% leaf extract of the test plants (i.e. Ageratum conyzoides and Clerodendrum viscosum) i,e. 3.12 cm and 1.91 cm whereas in control it was found to be 4.05 cm and 4.72 cm in radicles growths.

4 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

011826   Nagadesi P K;Arya A (P.G. Botany Dep, Andhra Loyola College, Vijayawada-520 012, Email: nagadesipraveenkumar@yahoo.com) : Lignocellulolytic activity of wood-inhabiting fungi from Ratanmahal Wildlife Sanctuary Gujarat, India. Adv Biotech 2012, 12(5), 30-6.

Wood-inhabiting fungi were isolated from living trees and fallen branches collected from Ratanmahal Wildlife Sanctuary, Gujarat, India. The lignocellulolytic activity of wood rotting fungi was identified after isolation. From 18 different plant species a total of 80 fungal cultures were obtained. The results showed that many fungal species were not host specific and affected most of the wood species. Frequently isolated molds were Aspergillus spp., Trichodermq spp., and Rhizopus spp., and frequently isolated wood decay fungi were Schizophyllum commune. The highest ligninolytic activity was shown by G. lucidum and lowest by L. betulina. Highest laccase activity and peroxidase activity was shown by G. lucidum and lowest by S. commune. The highest cellulolytic activity was shown by Basidiomycota members. Lowest cellulolytic activity was shown by L. betulina.

1 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

011825   Nagadesi P K;Arya A (Botany Dep, P.G. section Andhra Loyola College, Vijayawada-520 008, Email: nagadesipraveenkumar@yahoo.com) : Physiological studies of Lignicolous macrofungi from Gujarat. Adv Biotech 2012, 12(6), 19-24.

Lignicolous macrofungi are ranked among the most harmful forest pathogens. The important role of lignicolous fungi in forest ecosystems is utilization of dead plant material as sources of nutrients and also responsible for the biodegradation of organic materials in forest, particularly plant materials in the form of leaf litter and other plant debris. The fungus was obtained from dead wood and maintained on potato dextrose agar. We observed the suitable medium, effects of temperature, and pH on the vegetative growth of the fungus. The result obtained revealed that all the lignicolous fungi Lenzites sterioides, Hexagonia apiaria, Tremetes pini, Navisporus floccosa showed maximum growth in Czapek Dox medium. The maximum growth was observed at pH 4.0 for L. sterioides, and H. apiaria, at pH 4.5 for T. pini and at pH 5.0 for N. floccosa. The maximum growth was observed at temperature 20°C for L. sterioides, and//, apiaraia, at 25° C for T.pini and N. floccosa. The result obtained here will assist in the mass cultivation of these funguses. The selection of suitable medium, pH and temperature for the growth of lignicolous fungi like L. sterioides, H.apiaria, T.pini, N. floccosa was studied for the first time.

3 illus, 3 tables, 30 ref

011824   Maharasi S;Rengarajan R;Roopavathy J; Panneerselvam P;Sridharan G (P.G. and Research Zoology Dep, Rajah Serfoji Government College, Thanjavur-613 007, Email: maharasivelan@gmail.com) : Screening of Ionidium sufruiticosum, Indigofera eaneaphylla and Tribulus terrestris for antifungal properties. J Ecotoxic envir Monit 2012, 22(3-4), 295-300.

This investigation was carried out to test the antifungal properties of plant extract of lonidium sufruiticosum. Indigofera eaneaphylla and Tribulus terrestris and tested against a live human fungal pathogens such as Aspergillus niger, A. flavus. A. fumigatus, A.ochraceous A.sulphures by disc diffusion assay method. The flowers of I. sufruiticosum in benzene had no activity on A. fumigatus. A. ochraceous and A. sulphures and moderate activity in A. niger and A. flavus. The antifungal activity shows that leaf of /. sufruiticosum in benzene shows excellent activity against all tested fungal pathogens. The fungal species have no activity with water extract of L> sufruiticosum. Among the three plants used, Tribulus terrestris showed moderate activity with all solvent extracts. The aqueous extracts of these three plants showed very least activity against the pathogens tested, The benzene extracts of I. sufruiticosum exhibited excellent activity against all tested bacterial pathogens. The bacterial species have no activity with benzene and aqueous extracts of I. eaneaphylla The overall results indicated that the organic and aqueous extracts from the same plants showed different activities; the organic extract showed the same or greater activity than the aqueous extract.

1 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

011823   Halder M (Botany Dep, Bangabasi Evening College, Kolkata-700 009) : Effect of carbon: nitrogen ratios on the growth and protein production by the mycelia of two species of Leucocoprinus under submerged conditions. J mycopathol Res 2012, 50(2), 333-5.

Best carbon and nitrogen sources are glucose and yeast extract for Leucocoprinus birnbaumii and starch and yeast extract in case of Leucocoprinus cepaestipes respectively. As such, necessary experiments were done to determine the optimum C:N ratios for the submerged culture of the test-fungi. The experimental data revealed that C₂: N₂ (30:20) was the best ratio for the high yield of mycelia and protein in case of L birnbaumii. In L.cepaestipes, C₃:N₃ (30:3) ratio was found to be the best combination for mycelia and protein production.

1 table, 19 ref

011822   Dutta A K;Pradhan P;Roy A;Acharya K (Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Botany, Calcutta Univ, Kolkata-700 019, Email: krish_paper@yahoo.com) : Agaricales of West Bengal, India. II. Agaricaceae: Chlorophyllum. J mycopathol Res 2012, 50(2), 321-3.

Chlorophyllum rhacodes, a member of Agaricaceae was collected from Kumirmari Island under Gosaba block of South 24 Pargana district and was reported for the first time from West Bengal. A detailed macro and microscopic features were presented in this paper.

1 illus, 13 ref

011821   Das P;Saha A K (Botany Dep, Tripura Univ, Suryamaninagar-799 022, Email: panna11d@yahoo.com) : Comparison of mycorrhizal association in Michelia champaca, Solanum tuberosum and Phyllostachys manii. J mycopathol Res 2012, 50(2), 279-84.

A comparative account of mycorrhizal association was investigated from the roots of Michelia champaca L, Solanum tuberosum L. and Phyllostachys manii Gamble and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi from the plantation of M. champaca, field of S. tuberosum and from the runner of P. manii. was evaluated. Highest AM fungal colonization was observed in M. champaca and lowest was observed in S. tuberosum. However, maximum level of dark septate endophyte colonization was observed in S. tuberosum. Twenty eight taxa of AM fungi were isolated from the rhizosphere of three plant species. Of which, 18 were isolated from M. champaca, 12 from P. manii and 15 from S. tuberosum. Glomus tortuosum and G macrocarpum were the most abundant species. Shannon diversity was high in P. manii with maximum evenness. The similarity in terms of species composition exhibited between M. champaca and P. manii. The results revealed similarity in mycorrhizal colonization between tree species and bamboo species. Nevertheless, mycorrhizal colonization in potato followed different pattern and diversity of AM fungi demonstrated high amount of dominance by a few species.

3 illus, 3 tables, 26 ref

011820   Chitra G;Athira K A;Anitha C T (Botany Dep, Sree Narayana College, Nattika, Thrissur Dist.-680 566) : Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Mimosa pudica L. and Mimosa invisa L. against selected microbes. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2012, 11(3), 431-3.

The antibacterial activity of Mimosa pudica and Mimosa invisa were evaluated. The extract of these plants was obtained by using methanol and water as solvents. Antibacterial activity was screened by using agar well diffusion method against pathogenic bacteria, i.e., Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas fluorescens. M. pudica and M. invisa showed highest antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae and B. subtilis respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed that M. pudica and M. invisa, in general, contain active constituents like alkaloids, tannins, flavanoids, steroids, phenols, glycosides, terpenoids, anthraquinones, etc. having a definite specificity.

2 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

011819   Chinmayee M D;Stephan P;Anu M S;Sheeba A M; Mini I;Swapna T S (Botany Dep, College Univ, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala-695 034, Email: swapnats@yahoo.com) : Cadmium stress on antioxidant activity of two Alternanthera sp.. J scient ind Res 2013, 72(9-10), 558-62.

This study presents antioxidant response of two species of Alternanthera (A. sessilis & A. tenella) under cadmium (Cd) stress conditions. Plants were grown in soil treated with different concentrations of Cd depending upon threshold level, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were analysed after one month. Activity of enzymatic antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD; E.C. 1.15.1.1), eatalase (CAT: EC 1.11.1.6), polyphenol oxidase (PPO; EC 1.14.18.1), peroxidase (POX; E.C. 1.11.1.7), ascorbate peroxidase (APX: EC 1.11.1.11) and glutathione reductase (GR: EC 1.6.4.2)] were estimated. Cd induced oxidative stress enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and nonenzymatic antioxidant concentrations in both species of Alternanthera. With Cd concentration, proline and lycopene increased, fluctuation was noticed in phenol concentration and carotenoids and chlorophyll content reduced. Both species of Alternanthera showed enhancement in antioxidant action and tolerance against Cd induced stress and thus can act as a suitable candidate for phytoremediation of Cd.

2 illus, 30 ref

011818   Barupal G K;Santosh (Botany Dep, Government Dungar College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, Email: gkbarupal@yahoo.com) : Algal flora of Kalyan sagar pond, Bikaner (Rajasthan). Life Sci Bull 2012, 9(2), 391-3.

Deals with the study of algal flora of Kalyan Sagar Pond, Bikaner during the year July,2009 to June,2010. Atotal of 55 species of 37 genera belonging to Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Xanthophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Euglenophyceae have been recorded.

14 ref

010660   Wadetwar R N;Patil A T (Pharmaceutical Sciences Dep, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur-440 033, Email: nywadetwar@gmail.com) : Isolation and characterization of bioactive actinomycetes from soil in and around Nagpur. Int J pharm Sci Res 2013, 4(4), 1428-33.

Fifteen soil samples were collected from different locations near Nagpur i.e. from Nagpur, Bhandara and Chandrapur. Air drying and pre-treatment of soil samples with CaCo₃ (1%) were found to be most effective for isolation of actinomycetes. Five different selective media were used for the isolation of actinomycetes and the best growth was observed in yeast malt extract agar medium with 1 mg/ml cycloheximide as antifungal agent and by using double layer agar technique for isolation. Significant differences were found between the counts of actinomycetes on different media. Total 78 actinomycetes species were isolated. More number of actinomycetes were isolated from Nagpur region (32 x 10 cfu/g) as compared to Bhandara (28 x 10 cfu/g) and Chandrapur (18 x 10 cfu/g) regions. Out of 78 isolates 23 isolates showed positive results in primary screening. Maximum isolates showed activity against B. subtilis, B. cereus, S. aureus and E. coli. Few isolates showed activity against P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans and A. niger. No activity was seen against Penicillium sp. From 23 isolates 20 isolates showed good results in secondary screening. Finally one isolate was selected for further identification based on its broad spectrum activity and larger zone of inhibition compared to others. Phenotypic identification and biochemical and physiological characteristics of the isolated species were performed at MTCC Chandigarh and was identified as Streptomyces violaceorubidus and the strain was designated as RC 1796. These investigations clearly indicate that Nagpur and nearby area is a potent source for the isolation of bioactive actinomycetes useful for production of antimicrobial substances.

7 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref

010659   Sangita Kumari;et. al. (Computational Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi-110 067, Email: gy@nipgr.ac.in) : Role of lectins and HD-ZIP transcription factors in isoprenoid based plant stress responses. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 2012, 78(4), 671-91.

It was over half a century ago when the overwhelming array of chemicals found in plants was postulated to be more than just by-products of primary metabolism. Ever since, extensive research has been conducted on plant secondary metabolites which are now known to be the end points of sophisticated survival mechanisms that plants have developed as a response to various kinds of stresses. Stress, defined by its negative effect on the growth and development of an individual, can be internal (metabolic or genetic), external (biotic or abiotic), permanent or acute. To cope, organisms must develop tolerance, resistance or avoidance mechanisms. Isoprenoids, often released as volatiles from plants, constitute the most diverse groups of natural products and play an essential part in plant defense systems, both directly (as emitted volatiles) and indirectly (the principle of inviting friends to feast on foes). Research over the last decade has resulted in a significant improvement in our understanding of the isoprenoid biosynthesis but there remains much to learn about the complex regulatory network controlling the various steps of these pathways and their dynamic co-ordination. Here we identify novel plant proteins and provide a putative role for them in isoprenoid based stress responses, along with insights into future perspectives for research.

6 illus, 2 tables, 37 ref

010658   Refaat J;Kamel M S;Ramadan M A;Ahmed A A (Pharmacognosy Dep, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519, Minia, Egypt, Email: johnrefaat82@yahoo.com) : Crinum: an endless source of bioactive principles. Int J pharm Sci Res 2013, 4(4), 1239-52.

Crinum is a well-known traditional herb belongs to family Amaryllidaceae. Worldwide, different Crinum species are commonly used to treat various conditions due to their excellent medicinal values. Members of this genus are also best known biofactories for the unique Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. Due to the significant phytoconstituents produced by this plant as well as their therapeutic potentials, many Crinum species have been subjected to extensive chemical, cytological and pharmacological investigations. This part of the comprehensive review work on the chemical and biological profiles of Crinums describes the results of biological and toxicological studies conducted on different species. In addition, general analytical conclusions as well as some suggestions for future phytochemical and biological work on Crinums are discussed.

^iia134 ref

010657   Patil R P;Solanke S N (Botany Dep, Deogiri College, Aurangabad-431 005, Email: drrppatil@gmail.com) : Dermatological studies in genus Alysicarpus Desv.. Geobios 2012, 39(4), 260-4.

Enumeration of stomata are taken into consideration as taxonomic parameter for study in the genus Alysicarpus.

1 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

010656   Nivedithadevi D;Somasundaram R;Pannerselvam R (Botany Dep, Plant Growth Regulartion Lab, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608 002, Email: Kalaisomu_20@rediffmail.com) : Effect of abscisic acid, paclobutrazol and salicylic acid on the growth and pigment variation in Solanum trilobatum (l). Int J Drug Dev Res 2012, 4(3), 236-46.

Solanum trilobatum (Family: Solanaceae) is one of the common Indian medicinal plants and it has been used in traditional medicine for many centuries. This plant is a thorny creeper with bluish violet flower, more commonly available in southern India has been used traditional in Siddha system of medicines to treat various diseases. The roots, leaves, berries and flowers are used for cough. The decoction of entire Solanum trilobatum plant is used to treat acute and chronic bronchitis. It has been widely used to treat respiratory disorders. This plant is commonly used to treat asthma, cough, dysonoea, chronic febrile infections and difficult parturition. The constituents of this plant include sobatum, -solamarine, solanine, solasodine, glycoalkaloid, diosogenin and tomatidine. Plant growth regulators are substance that influences physiological processes of plants at very low concentration. Abscisic acid is a many important plant growth development processed. Paclobutrazol is a triazolic group of fungicide which has plant growth regulating properties. Salicylic acid is phenolic phytohormones and is formed in plants with role of plant growth and development. The given treatments were started at 70th day followed by 80th, 90th and 100th days. The groups were treated with respect growth hormones by spraying method. After 10th day, the plants were harvested for further analysis. On over all physical assessment plants treated with paclobutrazol were found to have more whole plant fresh weight, dry weight, root length and stem length followed by abscisic acid and salicylic acid. After the physical evaluation, the leaves were collected from each group for pigment analysis. Chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin and xanthophylls pigment contents were increased in abscisic acid followed by paclobutrazol and salicylic acid.

85 ref

010655   Mastan S A (Post-Graduate Biotechnology Dep, P.G. Courses and Research Centre, DNR College, Bhimavaram-534 202, Email: shaikmastan2000@yahoo.com) : Myco-pathological studies on fungal infected fishes, Channa striatus (Bloch.) and Mystus cavasius (Ham.). Geobios 2012, 39(4), 228-32.

Twenty fungi were obtained from fishes, Channa striatus and Mystus cavasius. Histopathological studies indicate that in all the cases epidermis was completely lost at the site of infection. Necrosis also took place in sub-cutaneous layer underlying hypodermis.

1 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

010654   Maheswari C U;Mathur N;Nallathambi P;Pramela Devi T (Plant Pathology Div, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: maheswari_ars@yahoo.co.in) : Comparative morphology and taxonomy of the genus Chaetomium Kunze and its species. J Mycol Pl Pathol 2013, 43(1), 67-71.

Forty-nine isolates of Chaetomium species deposited in Indian Type Culture Collection (ITCC) and Herbarium Cryptogamae Indiae Orientalis (HCIO) in the Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi were reexamined for taxonomic revision. Based on the observations of morphological characters, 12 valid species of the genus Chaetomium were described and the taxonomic keys with illustrations for their identification have been provided.

2 illus, 6 ref

010653   Khan A;Bahadur V (Horticulture Dep, Allahabad School of Agriculture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agricu, Allahabad-211 007, Email: khan_aaidu@rediffmail.com) : Effect of plant growth regulators on growth and spike yield of gladiolus cultivars. Hortflora Res Spectrum 2013, 2(4), 341-5.

The field experiment was conducted during Rabi season 2010-2011 combination of different sources of plant growth regulators to study their effect on vegetative growth and spike yield of gladiolus. Experiment consisted of 16 treatments each replicated thrice and laid out in RBD. The results obtained showed that the plant growth regulators significantly affected the growth parameters of gladiolus such as maximum values of plant height (80.78cm and 82.22cm m Novalux and While Prosperity, respectively), number of shoots in Novalux and White Prosperity (3.44 in each), number of leaves/plant (2.78 and 20.44 in Novalux and White Prosperity, respectively), minimum days to spike initiation in Novalux (76.67 days) and in White Prosperity (78 days), minimum days to opening of the first floret (31 67 days in Novalux and 86.67 days m White Prosperity), first florets durability (7.56 days in Novalux and 7.11 days m White Prosperity), spike length (81.55cm m Novalux and 32.00cm in White Prosperity), number of florets/spike (23.67 in Novalux and 13.33 In White Prosperity), number of spikes/plant (3.67 in Novalux and 3.11 m While Prosperity) and spike yield /ha (295200 in Novalux and 279900 in White Prosperity) The maximum value of yield and yield attributing parameters were found to be higher under the treatment NAA @ 200ppm (T₁).

2 tables, 12 ref

010652   Jani G;Mankad A (Botany Dep, Gujarat Univ, Ahmedabad-380 009, Email: janigoral@yahoo.co.in) : Effects of foliar application of gibberellic acid & maleic hydrazide on growth of Zinna elegans Jacq.. Geobios 2012, 39(4), 193-6.

The effect of GA₃ on growth of Zinnia elegans shows that foliar spray given every days increased the shoot length, number of leaves, fresh weight of shoot, dry weight of shoot and leaves, whereas MH reduced the shoot length, number of leaves, fresh weight of shoot and leaves, dry weight of root, shoot and leaves. However, MH showed enhancement in root length at a later date.

3 tables, 10 ref

010651   Ganatra S H;Ramteke A M;Durge S P;Patil S U (Chemistry Dep, Government Institute of Science, Nagpur, Maharashtra, Email: sunilganatra@gmail.com) : Phytochemicals investigation and TLC profiling of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. seeds (Fabaceae) - pea family. Int J pharm Sci Res 2013, 4(4), 1551-5.

Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. is belongs to the family Fabaceae. It is used as herbal and as vegetable from ancient times. It is abundant in tropical region of Africa and Asia. Preliminary phytochemicals investigations have been carried out on the seed extract using n-Hexane, Ethyl Acetate, Acetone, Ethanol and Methanol solvents. Qualitative phytochemicals analysis reflects the presence of Phenol, Quinone, Steroid, Flavanoids and Terpenoid in the plant extract. TLC profiling of seed extracts give an idea about the presence of various phytochemicals. Different Rf (Retention factor) value of various phytochemicals provide valuable clue regarding their polarity and selection of solvents for separation of phytochemicals.

1 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

010650   Dey P L;Chakraborty B N;Saha A (Immuno-Phytopathology Laboratory, Botany Dep, North Bengal Univ, Siliguri-734 013, Email: iplnbu@gmail.com) : Search for agriculturally important microorganisns from Terai-Dooars regions of North Bengal, analysis of their diversity and application for plant growth promotion and disease management. J Mycol Pl Pathol 2013, 43(1), 51-62.

Studies on microbial diversity and their importance as bioprotector and biofertilizer may signify the economically agricultural based regions. Microorganisms were isolated from soil sample of forest, riverine beds and rhizosphere of different crops using various selective medium and isolation soil plating technique. Microbial population determined in soils ranged between 5x10³ and 15xl0⁴cfu in case of fungi and 10x10⁶cfu and 30x10⁶cfu in case of bacteria. Isolates were characterized for H₂S production, phosphate solubilization, starch hydrolysis, casein hydrolysis, chitin degrading, siderophore production, catalase production, protease production, urease production, cellulase production and indole production. On the basis of these positive activities of phosphate solubilizing fungi (Aspergillus niger, A. melleus, A. davatus), phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus pumilus) and phosphate solubilizing actinomycetes (Streptomyces gresious) were evaluated for the growth promotion of Glycine max, Vigna radiata and Cicer arietinum. In vitro tests of potential biocontrol agents (Trichoderma) showed significant inhibition against different fungal pathogens. Application of potential BCA isolates of Trichoderma harzianum singly and jointly suppressed sclerotial blight incidence of Vigna radiata and Phaseolous vulgaris in greenhouse and field conditions by enhancing key defense enzymes like chitinase, (3 1-3 glucanase, and peroxidase, which were confirmed by immunological assays. The diversity of selective potential isolates of PSF and BCA were analysed using RAPD-PCR.

3 illus, 8 tables, 26 ref

010649   Chakraborty B N (Immuno-Phytopathology Laboratory, Botany Dep, North Bengal Univ, Siliguri-734 013, Email: bncnbu@gmail.com) : Molecular events in recognition of fungal pathogens, activation of defense response and strategies for plant disease management. J Mycol Pl Pathol 2013, 43(1), 1-11.

Plants are compelled to withstand stresses of all kinds, be it biotic, abiotic or anthropogenic as a consequence of their immobility. A basic requirement for the proper functioning of even a simpler cellular system is communication between its components. The characteristics of the plant cell surface may influence the successive steps in infection process. Numerous signals are thought to be exchanged between the host-fungal partners during both compatible and incompatible interactions. Many of the signals produced during early stages of infection induce a hypersensitive reaction (HR) in the plant which is usually associated with the expression of chemical and molecular markers such as salicylic acid and synthesis of PR proteins some of which have glucanase and chitinase activities leading towards synthesis of phytoalexin for plant defences. Defense gene expression is to be a great extent regulated through the production of metabolites which act as signals. It is also the case that pathogens often generate metabolites which suppress plant defences and cause disease symptoms. Activation of inducible defence responses is likely to be based upon recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, which bind to plant receptors. Significant progress in knowledge of association of beneficial microorganisms and their role on plant growth and disease management have been made. Successful biological control depends on skilful interference with the population dynamics of the biological control agent (BCA), the target parasite, the host crop and sometimes vectors and the indigenous microflora. Using immunological techniques it is now possible to obtain reliable and rapid measures of inoculum, which could be used directly within forecasting systems to quantify risk. Considerable advantages exist in the applicability of forecasts and in their uptake by end users if accurate estimates of inoculums could be integrated within more conventional weather based forecasts. Recent progress in our understanding of the biological interactions that occur in the rhizosphere and of the practical requirements for inoculant formulation and delivery should increase the technology's reliability in the field and facilitate its commercial development for plant disease management.

31 ref

009666   Verma K S;Khan T;Awasthi A;Charmkar S P (Aeroallergenes, Immunology and Angiosperm's Diversity Lab, Post Gradu, Rani Durgawati Univ, Jabalpur-482 001, Email: karunaverma@gmail.com) : Assessment of indigenous floristic diversity of east zone of Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh). J trop For 2012, 28(4), 60-3.

Floristic composition of any place is essential requirement for the study of various ecosystems. Rich floristic diversity depend on suitable climatic and soil condition of particular area. In recent years most plants are becoming extinct due to over exploitation, aver grazing and global warming. The present paper deals with 44 plant species belonging to 29 families and 43 genera which possess medicinal properties and are used to treat several diseases by local traditional healers in 4 wards of Jabalpur city.

2 tables, 8 ref

009665   Singha D;Dutta B K (Ecology and Environmental Science Dep, Assam Univ, Silchar-788 011) : Observations on the fungus Termitomyces sp.- growing in the termite nests of tea gardens of Silchar. J mycopathol Res 2012, 50(1), 109-11.

Termites are one of the most abundant terrestrial animals on earth. Sub-terranean or mould-building termite species cultivate a unique fungus, Termitomyces sp. within the nest, called "fungus garden", which helps in the breakdown of plant material. This fungus grows only in termite nests. Microscopic observations of the termite nests showed that the fungus were like white spongy beads, growing in clumped fashion. The spongy beads bear moistures over their surface, which might be contributing in maintaining cool temperature in the termitaria as required by the termite population within them.

1 illus, 6 ref

009664   Singh A K;Shukla D N (Botany Dep, Allahabad Univ, Allahabad-211 002, Email: ashok286@gmail.com) : Effect of water soluble vitamins on growth, sporulation and chlamydospore formation of Fusarium spp.. J mycopathol Res 2012, 50(1), 89-92.

Effect of some vitamins on the growth, speculation and chlamydospore formation on four Fusarium species (viz. Fusarium equiseti, F. oxysporum, F. solani. and F acuminatum) were studied. The four species of Fusarium were isolated from wilt infected roots of pigeonpea plants. The addition of ascorbic acid exerted an inhibitory effect on the growth of F acuminatum and F. oxysporum. Biotin accelerated the growth of F. acuminatum and had no effect on others. Nicotinic acid showed the inhibitory effect on the growth of F acuminatum and F. oxysporum. It enhanced the growth of F solani and F equiseti. F.acuminatum and F oxysporum obtained good growth on riboflavin wherease, riboflavin had no effect on others. In case of thiamine F. acuminatum and F. oxysporum attained good growth on this vitamin, whereas, it showed inhibitory effect on growth of F. solani and F. equiseti. The final pH of the medium drifted towards alkalinity, in all cases except it remained in acidic range in case of F oxysporum. Addition of a mixture of vitamins, however, increased the dry weight of all four species of Fusarium except Fusarium acuminatum, in comparison to control. While all species showed excellent sporularion and poor chlamydospore formation.

4 tables, 12 ref

009663   Sahu T R;Pandey R K;Bawistale O (Botany Dep, Dr. H.S. Gour Central Univ, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, Email: omkarji_bavistale1982@rediffmail.com) : Phytoresources of Satpura region of Chhindwara district Madhya Pradesh: an ethno-medicinal case study for antimalarials. J trop For 2012, 28(3), 64-7.

Ethno medicinal survey was conducted in Satpura region with special reference to Chhindwara district of Madhya Pradesh, India. This district is a forest district, Chhindwara district, has acquired great importance because of its scenic beauty. Patalkot is a lovely landscape located at a depth of 1200-1500 feet in a valley, inhabited by Gonds, Bharia tribes who are entirely dependent on forest for medication. Information on 15 plant species belong to 15 genera and 14 families which are traditionally used as medicine to cure malaria was collected. The plant part use, traditional preparation and doses for administration are given in the present paper.

6 ref

009662   Mijaffar S;Roy S;Mehra S S (Botany Dep, Gujarati Science College, Indore, Madhya Pradesh) : Ethno-medicinal trends of fabaceae in East Nimar (Madhya Pradesh) India. J trop For 2012, 28(3), 68-71.

An account of 22 ethno-medicinal plants species belonging to 22 genera of family Fabaceae from East Nimar (M.P.) has been given in this paper. Information on the ethno medicinal uses, dosages, mode of administration, location is provided.

7 ref

009661   Ghosh A;Chatterjee N C;Pal P K (Botany Dep, UGC Centre of Advanced Study, Burdwan Univ, Golapbag, Burdwan-713 104, Email: pkpalbot@gmail.com) : Germination deterrence of seeds of Abrus precatorius L. by the seed-borne pathogen, Sclerotium rolfsii. J mycopathol Res 2012, 50(1), 115-6.

1 illus, 7 ref

009660   Ghosh A;Chakraborti P (Seed Science & Technology Dep, Faculty of Agriculture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal-741 252, Email: ghosharunima@gmail.com) : Evaluation of some mangrove species on the nature of their reproduction along the coastal belt of the Indian Sunderbans. J Threatened Taxa 2012, 4(3), 2427-35.

Reproductive biology of three dominating mangrove species Rhizophora rmicronata, Ceriops decandra and Avicennia marina from the Indian Sunderbans were studied. A comparative account on all floral parts revealed that as the bud progresses to completely open, the length of androecium surpassed the length of gynoecium and the anther matured first thus showing protandrous nature and favouring cross-fertilization. A study of pollen grain viability revealed that all of them produces fairly good amounts of viable pollen grains in their natural condition. The pollens showed their maximum viability late in the morning tiil early noon. The stigma showed peak receptivity after three days of flower opening in C. decandra and four days of flower opening in R. mucronata and A. marina. All the species showed out-breeding mechanism of pollination. The fruit setting percentage obtained by xenogamy was the highest and autogamy failed to show any result in all the three genera. Although Ceriops decandra and Avicennia marina showed very limited fruit set with geitonogamy: these two species can be called facultative out-crossers while Rhizophora was obligate outcrosser in nature. The study on floral structure, pollen viability along with stigma receptivity of the investigated taxa guided to maximum exploitation of reproductive behavior for rising artificial and natural plant population in addition to build up a future research strategy in ecosystem conservation.

1 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

009659   Garg V K (NO, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, Email: vkgarg4@rediffmail.com) : Sodicity affects growth, yield and cation composition of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). J Spices aromatic Crop 2012, 21(2), 130-5.

Field trials were conducted at Banthra, Lucknow, (Uttar Pradesh) to study the effect of sodicity on growth, yield and cation composition of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare mill.) grown in a Typic Natrustalf. The treatments included five exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) levels (10, 20, 30, 40 & 50) and four genotypes viz., HF-107, NDF-9, Local BRS and NDF-7. An adverse effect of sodicity was observed on emergence of secondary branches and seed setting causing decrease in seed yield. The variety HF-107 produced the highest seed yield (1956 kg ha^-1) followed by Local BRS (1709 kg ha^-1), NDF-9 (1577 kg ha^-1) and NDF-7 (1078 kg ha^-1). The cation composition of stover revealed Na inclusion mechanism with narrow K/Na and Ca/Na ratios. The study further revealed that the crop can tolerate medium level of sodicity (ESP 30).

1 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref

009658   Chanu N G T;Chhetry G K N (Life Sciences Dep, Manipur Univ, Canchipur-795 003, Email: gkn2004@yahoo.co.in) : Seasonal variation of seeds mycoflora associated with oak tasar host plants (Quercus spp.) in Manipur. J mycopathol Res 2012, 50(1), 77-80.

As many as fourteen seed mycoflora were isolated using Agar plates and Blotter methods. Seasonal variation of seed borne mycoflora was observed in both the methods. Blotter method was superior over agar plate method in all the three seasons. Fungal species associated with the seed surface were more during summer and least in winter for both varieties of Quercus spp, namely Quercus serrata and Quercus griffitti. Percentage frequency occurrence of As-pergillus niger and Penicillium notatum was relatively more as compared to other seed mycoflora of all the seeds and it also showed decreasing trend from summer to winter season.

2 tables, 5 ref

009657   Bheemaraya;Patil M B;Ramesh;Vendan R K; Amaresh Y S;Rao K (Plant Pathology Dep, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur-584 102, Karnataka, Email: hawaldarbb2807@gmail.com) : Compatibility of Trichoderma spp with commonly used Fungicides, Insecticide and Plant extract. Indian J Pl Prot 2012, 40(2), 118-22.

Compatibility of indigenous Trichoderma viride (Tv-3), T. harzianum (Th-2) and T. piluliferum (Tp) was evaluated against fungicides, insecticides and plant extracts commonly used for crop protection. Of the five fungicides tested at 0.1 and 0.2 percent concentration, metalaxyl-M + mancozeb and mancozeb were compatible with growth of Trichoderma spp. while carbendazim, captan and propiconazole completely inhibited radial mycelial growth hence, where not compatible. Tv-3 show highest compatibility followed by Th-2 and Tp. Among insecticides evaluated at 0.1 and 0.2 percent concentration, imidacloprid showed little compatibility with isolates. But, chlorpyriphos, carbofuran and indoxacarb were highly incompatible. Th-2 has recorded highest compatibility with all treatments followed by Tp and least in Tv-3. Among botanicals, neem seed kernel extract(NSKE), Eucalyptus leaf extract and Pongarrua leaf extract were compatible and nimbicidine and Prosophis leaf extract were inhibitory for growth of Tv-3 and Th-2. Prosophis leaf extract and NSKE were moderately compatible with Tp.

3 tables, 23 ref

009656   Ahirwar J R (Botany Dep, Govt. College, Niwari, Distt. Tikamgarh, Email: jraniwari2008@rediffmail.com) : Occurrnce of branching in ophoenix sylvestris. J trop For 2012, 28(3), 76-7.

009655   Ahirwar J R (Botany Dep, Govt. College Niwari, Distt. Tikamgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Email: jra_niwari2008@rediffmail.com) : Root suckers used as a vegetative propagation of Alangium lamarckii. J trop For 2012, 28(4), 64-6.

Attempt has been made to test the root suckers without applying any root inducing substances and chemicals for vegetative propagation of Alangium lamarckii. The result was amazing and the plant grows successfully from root suckers. It concluded that root suckers-plantation trial is one of the best methods for vegetative propagation of this plant. Thus, Alangium lamarckii can be raised by using the root suckers in shorter time than that required by seedlings originated from seeds.

7 ref

008668   Won-Seok C;et.al. (Internal Medicine Dep, Seoul National College of Medicine Univ, Seoul-110 744, Republic of Korea, Email: hyosoo@snu.ac.kr) : Association between OPG, RANK and RANKL gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to acute coronary syndrome in Korean population. J Genet 2012, 91(1), 87-9.

2 tables, 18 ref