008667   Vinayaka K S;Krishnamurthy Y L (P.G. Studies and Research in Applied Botany Dep, Kuvempu Univ, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga-577 451, Email: murthy_ylk@yahoo.co.in) : Enumeration of macro lichens from Kuvempu university campus, Karnataka, India. J Ecobiol 2012, 30(1-2), 135-42.

This paper accounts for enumeration of 27 species of macro lichens under 11 genera and 7 families from Kuvempu University campus, Central Western Ghats parts of Karnataka. Among the different lichen growth forms, Foliose represented 66%, Fruticose represented 30% and Squamulose represented by 4%. Corticolous lichens were dominant and represented 17 species followed by four saxicolous lichen species. The dominant species of the study area is Ramalina pacifica which had Importance Value Index (IVI) of 12.6 and Shannon diversity index was H'= 3.23. This baseline information on lichen species is useful for conservation and biomonitoring.

3 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

008666   Veeragurunathan V (NO, CSMCRI- Marine Algal Research Station, Mandapam Camp-623 519) : Impact of environmental factors on agar yield and properties of Gracilaria edulis growing at Rameswaram coast. Seaweed Res Utilis 2012, 34(1-2), 65-73.

Detailed study was made for one year to analyse the impact of environmental factors on agar yield and its properties of Gracilaria edulis growing at Rameswaram coast, Tamil Nadu. The agar yield ranged froml8.96 to 29.36%. Higher gel strength (125.44 ± 8.3 g/cm²) was observed in monsoon season and it had positive correlation with 3,6 anhydro galactose of agar, nitrate and phosphate content of seawater and negative correlation with sulphate content of agar. The quality of agar from this alga was below the standard bacteriological grade. Hence, it can be used only in applications that require soft gels.

2 illus, 2 tables, 39 ref

008665   Veeragurunatan V;Anand A K (NO, CSMCRI- Marine Algal Research Station, Mandapam Camp-623 519) : Environmental factors on gowth of Gracilaria edulis from Rameswaram coast, Tamil Nadu. Seaweed Res Utilis 2012, 34(1-2), 27-34.

Study was carried out to analyse the environmental factors on the growth of Gracilaria edulis from Rameswaram coast. The maximum % cover (40.66 ± 3.77%) was recorded in the monsoon season. Two biomass peaks were observed during monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that biomass appears to be positively correlated to atmospheric temperature, phosphate and nitrate content of seawater. Multiple regression analysis showed that % cover, number of plants, number of branches and plant length contributed to the algal biomass. The best period for harvesting wild stock of Gracilaria edulis for agar production is during north east monsoon and post-monsoon seasons.

4 illus, 1 table, 31 ref

008664   Usha S S;Vijayavalli B;Mathew P M (Botany Dep, S.N. College, Sivagiri, Varkala, Sreenivasapuram P.O.-695 145) : Cytotaxonomy of the tribe eupatoieae from South India. J Cytol Genet 2013, 14(1), 45-51.

Chromosome study from PMCs and / or root tip cells was made in 8 species belonging to 6 genera (Adenostemma, Ageratina, Ageratum,Chromolaena, Eupatorium and Mikania) of the tribe Eupatorieae (Asteraceae) from South India. Meiotic counts were made in Adenostemma lavenia (n = 10), Ageratina adenophora (n = 51), Ageratum conyzoides (n = 18), A.houstonianum (n = 10), Eupatorium triplinerve (n = 25) and Mikania micrantha (n = 18). Somatic counts were made in Ageratina riparia (2n = 40), C. odorata (2n = 60) and M. micrantha (2n = 40). Chromosome evolution and systematic relationships of the tribe are discussed. Most of the taxa showed regular meiosis and normal bivalent formation which is suggestive of their being allopolyploids possibly originated from an ancestral prototype with n = 5. The taxa studied here could therefore, be "paleopolyploids". The diverging suggestions regarding the phylogeny and systematic relationships of the tribe have been considered. The present observation of higher basic chromosome numbers such as, x = 18-51 in 6 of the 8 species studied, appears to support the earlier reports on the Helianthoid affinity of the members of Eupatorieae.

10 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

008663   Uniyal V;Bhatt R P;Saxena S;Negi R (Botany and Microbiology Dep, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal-246 174) : In vitro anti-yeast activity of selected medicinal plants of Uttarakhand against Trichosporon species causing piedra hair infection. Adv Pharmac Toxic 2013, 14(1), 37-48.

Piedra hair infection is a fungal infection of the hair characterized by the presence of nodules of different hardness on the surface of hair shafts. Two types of Piedras have been found, White Piedra and Black Piedra. White Piedra caused by Basidiomycetous yeast Trichosporon spp. and Black Piedra caused by the ascomycete Piedraia hortae and Trichosporon ovoides. The low spread of these infections and the harmlessness of the disease probably explain why so few studies have been made on these infections. The present work is aimed at studying the antimycotic activity of ten medicinal plants of Uttarakhand in comparison to known antifungal agents against five Trichosporon species involved in Piedra hair infection. These plants selected for the present study have been reported to be used for the treatment of various other diseases. Methanol, Ethanol, Acetone and Chloroform extracts of the leaves, bark and roots of these plants were examined for antimycotic activity. The results showed that methanol and ethanol extracts were effective against all the species of the pathogens tested, with methanolic extracts exhibiting more activity. The average diameter of zone of inhibition observed against these fungi ranged from 10-35 mm. The most effective plant was found to be Plumbago zeylanica with zone of inhibition 35 mm. The MIC and MFC of 6.2-500 mg/ml of methanolic extracts were recorded. Ketoconazole, Amphotericin B and Nystatin B were used as positive controls. DMSO was used as a negative control.

6 tables, 43 ref

008662   Ummaheswari V M;Rajasulochana N (Botany Dep, Presidency College, Chennai-600 005) : Heavy metal removed by immobilized cells of Chlorella vulgaris beyerinck. Seaweed Res Utilis 2012, 34(1-2), 85-91.

In recent years, immobilized algal cells have been employed to study the uptake and bioaccumulation of heavy metals. In the present investigation, to understand the heavy metal bio-filtration capacity,immobilized cells of Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorophyceae) was amended in Bold Basal medium with heavy metals such as copper, zinc and cadmium in different concentrations of nitrite, nitrate, ammonia and phosphate. Growth of alga and chlorophyll content were recorded maximum at low concentration(20μg/L) of metals. Maximum removal was observed at 6000μg/L concentration of nitrite and ammonia in all the three heavy metals studied.At higher concentrations of nitrate, the maximum removal rate of Cu and Zn occurred. The removal rate of Cu, Zn and Cd was recorded minimum in higher concentrations of phosphate and maximum in 4000μg/L concentration.

5 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

008661   Tyagi Suruchi; (Botany Dep, M M H College, Ghaziabad-201 001, Email: ss.sunaina@rediffmail.com) : Pathogenicity of Rotylenchulus reniformis on Helianthus annuus (CV.Morden). J Pl Dev Sci 2012, 4(4), 449-51.

Experiment was conducted under glass house condition to determine the pathogenicity effect at different inoculum levels on sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Cv. Morden. Observation recorded after 75 DAI (Days after inoculation) revealed that all growth parameters were decreased with increasing inoculum levels except the lowest one (500 nanatodes/kg soil). Reduction in plant growth parameters was more pronounced at 8000 inocula level in comparison to cootrol. Significant reduction in nematode population was observed among different inoculum levels at crop maturity.

1 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

008660   Talluri R S (NO, School of Biological Sciences, The Auckland Univ, Private Bag 92019, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand, Email: ramatalluri566@gmail.com) : Barriers to gene flow in interspecific hybridization in Fuchsia L. (Onagraceae). J Genet 2012, 91(1), 81-5.

1 table, 20 ref

008659   Talluri R S (NO, School of Biological Sciences, The Auckland Univ, Private Bag 92019, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand, Email: ramatalluri566@gmail.com) : Interploidy interspecific hybridization in Fuchsia. J Genet 2012, 91(1), 71-4.

2 tables, 17 ref

008658   Srivastava P;Kumar P;Singh D K;Singh V K (Zoology Dep, St. Xavier's College, Ranchi, Jharkhand-834 001, Email: vinayghpuniv@gmail.com) : Biological properties of Thuja orientalis Linn. Adv Life Sci 2012, 2(2), 17-20.

Thuja orientalis (Commonly- Morpankhi, Family- Cupressaceae) is an evergreen, monoecious trees or shrubs used in various forms of traditional medicines and homeopathy in various ways. In traditional practices Thuja is used for treatment of bronchial catarrh, enuresis, cystitis, psoriasis, uterine carcinomas, amenorrhea and rheumatism. Recent researches in different parts of the world have shown that T. orientalis and its active component thujone have the great potential against a various health problems. T. orientalis preparations can be efficiently used against microbial/worm infection. It can be used as antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory agent. Instead of these effects, it can be also used as insecti-cidal, molluscicidal and nematicidal activity against different pests. The present review highlights the some important biological properties of T. orientalis.

39 ref

008657   Sindu N;Mathew P M (Botany Dep, St. Peter's College, Kolenchery-682 311, Email: sinduaby@gmail.com) : Consanguinity and its effect in three scheduled caste communities of Idukki district of Kerala. J Cytol Genet 2013, 14(1), 31-6.

Consanguinity study was carried out in 3 Scheduled Caste communities Chakkiliyan, Pallan and Parayan hailing from Idukki district of Kerala. Aspects such as, the patterns of consanguinity, their rates, time/temporal trends of consanguinity, consanguinity-associated risk effects on mortality and morbidity have been assessed. The predominant pattern of related marriage in them was the first-cousin type with decisive preference for the matrilateral cross type. The frequencies of inbreeding in the communities were 81.17% in the Chakkiliyans, 81.58% in Pallans and 75.41% in Parayans. No clear time/temporal trend of consanguinity was evident in regard to period of marriage and age of spouses, while conspicuously higher rates occurred in the low spousal age at marriage categories. The data regarding pre-reproductive mortality were assessed and analyzed. Postnatal mortality was in excess over prenatal. The differentials of postnatal and total mortality were highly significant. Incidences of morbid conditions in the communities are also significantly higher. The practice of related marriages is found to produce alarming degree of adverse effects in the communities, and it is proposed that literacy promotion can go a long way in curbing the inclination for close-kin marriage alliances which in turn can minimize the risk effects of consanguinity.

2 tables, 12 ref

008656   Sindu N;Mathew P M (Botany Dep, St. Peter's College, Kolenchery-682 311, Email: sinduaby@gmail.com) : Relatives and attributable risks of inbreeding and genetic load in four tribal communities of Idukki district of Kerala. J Cytol Genet 2013, 14(1), 23-9.

The relative and attributable risks of inbreeding and genetic load are evaluated and estimated from the data of consanguinity-associated mortality effect in 4 tribal communities of Idukki such as, Mannan, Muthuvan, Ulladan and Urali. The impact of inbreeding is evaluated in terms of 2 measures of association, the relative risk and attributable risk. The relative risks against total mortality in the 4 groups were, 1.95, 2.11, 1.43 and 3.31 while the respective attributable risks were, 0.37, 0.50, 0.05 and 0.56. The genetic load was estimated following the MCM model in units of lethal equivalents based on the values of A and B statistics. The B/A values in the present 4 tribal groups range from 20.20 (Muthuvan) to 72.61 (Ulladan). The estimated values suggest that the load element could be mutational in all of them.

2 tables, 15 ref

008655   Sharma V;Chaudhary S;Srivastava S;Pandey R; Sushil Kumar (Genetical Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110 067, Email: sushil2000_01@yahoo.co.in) : Characterization of variation and quantitative trait loci related to terpenoid indole alkaloid yield in a recombinant inbred line mapping population of Catharanthus roseus. J Genet 2012, 91(1), 49-69.

Improved Catharanthus roseus cultivars are required for high yields of vinblastine, vindoline and catharanthine and/or serpentine and ajmalicine, the pharmaceutical terpenoid indole alkaloids. An approach to derive them is to map QTL for terpenoid indole alkaloids yields, identify DNA markers tightly linked to the QTL and apply marker assisted selection. Towards the end, 197 recombinant inbred lines from a cross were grown over two seasons to characterize variability for seven biomass and 23 terpenoid indole alkaloids content-traits and yield-traits. The recombinant inbred lines were genotyped for 178 DNA markers which formed a framework genetic map of eight linkage groups (LG), spanning 1786.5 cM, with 10.0 cM average intermarker distance. Estimates of correlations between traits allowed selection of seven relatively more important traits for terpenoid indole alkaloids yields. QTL analysis was performed on them using single marker (regression) analysis, simple interval mapping and composite interval mapping procedures. A total of 20 QTL were detected on five of eight LG, 10 for five traits on LG1, five for four traits on LG2, three for one trait on LG3 and one each for different traits on LG three and four. QTL for the same or different traits were found clustered on three LG. Co-location of two QTL for biomass traits was in accord of correlation between them. The QTL were validated for use in marker assisted selection by the recombinant inbred line which transgressively expressed 16 traits contributory to the yield vinblastine, vindoline and catharanthine from leaves and roots that possessed favourable alleles of 13 relevant QTL.

2 illus, 8 tables, 76 ref

008654   Sarojini Y;Lakshminarayana K (Botany Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003) : High performance liquid chromatographic determination of B-complex vitamins in some seaweeds of Visakhapatnam coast. Seaweed Res Utilis 2012, 34(1-2), 52-9.

B-complex vitamins such as B₁, B₂, B₆ and B₁₂ were analysed in sixteen seaweeds of Visakhapatnam coast by high performance liquid chromatography. Differences in vitamin content were apparent among the species analysed. The Chlorophyceae were observed as good sources of vitamin B-complex than the Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyceae. Among the four vitamins analysed, B₁₂ was observed much higher and it was followed by B₁, B₂ and B₆. Among the individual species, high content of B₁ in Chaetomorpha antennina, B₂ and B₁₂ in Chaetomorpha torta and B₆ in Ulva fasciata were found.

4 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

008653   Saritha P;Sreeramulu A (Botany Dep, S.V. Univ, Tirupati-517 502) : Phyllosphere mycoflora of Celosia argentea L.. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2012, 11(4), 549-52.

A total number of eight fungal species viz., Fusarium oxysporium, Fusarium equisiti, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus arrhizus, Alternaria alternata and Penicillium notatum were isolated by both dilution plate method and leaf impression method from phyllosphere of young to mature to senescent but healthy leaves of Celosia argentea L. The total population of these microorganisms showed a considerable increase from young to mature to senescent leaves. A possible role of these microorganisms as bio-control agents of the weed has been discussed.

6 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

008652   Rakesh Kumar;Tyagi S;Goyal A K;Rajesh Kumar (Botany Dep, M M G College, Ghaziabad) : Impact of supplemental UV-B radiation on number of tillers in barley (Hordeum vulgare Linn). J Pl Dev Sci 2012, 4(4), 663-4.

Sun is the basic source of energy on the planet earth. It emits UV rays along with solar radiation. These UV rays increase the average temperature of the earth and harmful for living beings. Ultraviolet radiation was given by UV lamps. The number of tillers in Hordeum vulgare was increased when plants are irradiated with longer duration in comparison to control. In all the observations, the number of tillers was recorded highest in T₃ (2 hour) then T₄(3 hour) and T₂ (I hour) treatments. This increase in the number of tillers is helpful in yielding the higher amount of seeds, grains and a good amount off odder.

1 illus, 6 ref

008651   Rajesh Kumar;Rakesh Kumar;Goyal A K (Botany Dep, M M H College, Ghaziabad-201 001) : Role of supplemental UV-B radiation on flower and POD formation in PEA (Pisum sativum L). J Pl Dev Sci 2012, 4(4), 573-7.

Sun is the basic source of energy on the planet earth. It emits UV rays along with solar radiation. These UV rays (UV-B) increase the average temperature of the earth and harmful for living beings. A field experiment was conducted to observe the impact of supplemental UV-B radiation on flower and pod formation in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Supplemental UV-B radiation was given to the plant for different time periods (0, 1 hour, 2 hour and 3 hour) by halogen lamps. First time treatment was given when germination started and it was continued upto the maturity of crop. The study revealed that exposure of supplemental UV -B showed promotary effect over control in terms of number, fresh and dry weight of flower and pod in Pisum sativum L.

6 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

008650   Pande R;Bargali K;Pande N (Botany Dep, DSB Campus, Nainital, Uttarakhand, , Email: surendrakiran@rediffmail.com ) : Effect of biotic disturbance on soil characteristics of a mixed-oak forest in Kumaun Himalaya. J Pl Dev Sci 2012, 4(4), 453-7.

A study was conducted in mixed oak forest zone of Nainital catchment (Uttarakhand) in the Kumaun Himalaya fordetennining the impact of biotic disturbance on physical and chemical characteristics of soil. Three sites viz. undisturbed, moderately disturbed and highly disturbed were selected in a mixed oak forest and each site was further divided into three sub sites; Hill Base, Hill Slope and Hill Top. The findings indicated that there was more accumulation of nutrients in the undisturbed site as compared to moderately and highly disturbed sites. Sand particle was maximum in highly disturbed site and minimum in undisturbed site while, silt and clay showed a reverse trend. Maximum organic carbon (2.19%) was observed in surface soil (0-10 cm) at hill top of undisturbed forest and minimum (1.01%) in deep soil (20-30 cm) at hill base of highly disturbed site. Maximum nitrogen (0.36%) and organic matter content (3.78%) was observed in undisturbed forest IS compared to moderately and highly disturbed sites. Results of present study indicated that there is an urgent need of value aldition protection, forestation and environmental awareness programme for local people so that forests, particularly in degraded or disturbed forest area, can be saved.

2 illus, 2 tables, 29 ref

008649   Neelamegam R;Sivanadanam V (Botany and Research Centre Dep, S.T. Hindu College, Nagercoli-629 002) : Effect of seed presoaking treatment wih seaweed leachates on paddy var. ponmani. Seaweed Res Utilis 2012, 34(1-2), 108-13.

Effect of seaweed leachates from the species of Enteromorpha compressa and Sargassum linearifolium on the germination and early seedling growth of paddy (Oryza sativa L.) var. ponmani was studied. Plants of E. compressa and S. linearifolium were collected from Manapad coast, Thoothukudi District, Tamil Nadu. The seeds of paddy var. ponmani were treated for 12 hours with different concentrations of these two seaweeds leachates and the control was maintained with distilled water. The seaweed leachates showed promoting effect at low concentration (0.1%) on seed germination and all seedling growth parameters of paddy. Further, S. linearifolium leachates treated alone showed more favourable effect on paddy than E. compressa leachate treatment either alone or in combination with S. linearifolium.

3 tables, 21 ref

008648   Narasimha Rao G M;Prayaga Murty P; Subbarangaiah G (Botany Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003) : Seasonal growth and spore shedding in Rosenvingea nhatrangensis Dawson from Bhimili, east coast of India. Seaweed Res Utilis 2012, 34(1-2), 22-6.

Rosenvingea nhatrangensis is a brown alga seasonally occurring on the intertidal rocks of Bhimili coast near Visakhapatnam. Hydrographical data such as air, water temperature, salinity and pH were collected from the study site. Studies were made on the seasonal biomass and spore shedding of this brown alga. Lower hydrographical conditions of the surface waters of the Bhimili coast was found for the month of November. Plant growth of R. nhatrangensis was registered from November to March with maximum biomass in the month of December and January. Seasonal spore shedding showed the same trend, i.e. maximum spore liberation in the month of December.

1 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

008647   Mohan Narasimha Rao G;Prayaga Murty P (Botany Dep, Andhra Univ, Visakhapatnam-530 003) : Phytochemical analysis of Lobophora variegata (Lamouroux) womersley ex oliveira from Visakhapatnam coast. Seaweed Res Utilis 2012, 34(1-2), 60-4.

Lobophora variegata (Lamouroux) Womersley ex Oliveira belonging to Phaeophyceae occurs throughout the year in the infra littoral fringe zone of inter tidal rocky surfaces at Visakhapatnam Coast. Studies were made on physico-chemical parameters of coastal water samples and seasonal growth of the L. variegata during January, 2010 - December, 2010. Maximum biomass was recorded during December and January where in seawater temperature, salinity and pH were minimum. Experiments were conducted on proteins, carbohydrates and other chemical constituents of this brown alga.

1 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

008646   Mittal N;Srivastava A K (Botany Dep, C.C.S. Univ, Meerut-250 004, Email: nehamittal1987@gmail.com) : Cadmium and chromium induced aberrations in the reproductive biology of Carthamus tinctorius L.. J Cytol Genet 2012, 13(1-2), 65-72.

Five partially tolerant and 5 non-tolerant accessions of Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) for cadmium and hexavalent chromium in combination were analyzed in detail for their effect on reproductive biology. These 2 heavy metals in combination influenced antagonistically first as well as second meiotic divisions inducing various kinds of anomalies and reduced the number of pollen grains per anther and significantly increased pollen sterility.

16 illus, 4 tables

008645   Mathevan Pillai M;Saravanavel R;Prabavathy H (Botany Dep, P.G. and Research Centre, S.T. Hindu College, Nagercoli-629 002) : Species diversity and distribution of epiphytic phytoplankton of the aquatic plants in Manakudy estuary, South west coast of India. Seaweed Res Utilis 2012, 34(1-2), 174-81.

First floristic inventory of epiphytic phytoplankton associated with the aquatic plants in Manakudy estuary, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu was made. Sampling was carried out from January to March, 2011. Totally 70 epiphytic phytoplankton were isolated from twenty different plants. Of these, 23 species belong to Chlorophyceae, 4 species to Cyanophyceae, 1 species to Dinophyceae and 42 species to Bacillariophyceae. The dominant family was Bacillariophyceae followed by Chlorophyceae. The common species Amphora ovalis, Bacillaria paradoxa, Closterium ehrenbergii, Fragillaria capucina, Nitzschia longissima, Nitzschia closterium, Thallassionema longissima, Pleurosigma directum, Closteriopsis longissima and Oscillatoria sancta were the dominant in terms of frequency and density. The pennate diatom species of Bacillariophyceae were predominant over centric. Taxa recorded previously as rare in other substrata are presently found to be abundant epiphytic microalgae of aquatic plants. Other species are mainly epipelic forms, while most of the species are commonly found as tycoplankton in the area. The maximum (2190 cell g^-1) population density was observed in Pistia stratiotes and Nymphoides cristata recorded the minimum (188 cell g^-1) population density of epiphytic phytoplankton. Bacillaria paradoxa was the dominant species in terms of density (3315 cells g^-1) and diversity (5.063) during the period of study.

1 table, 29 ref

008644   Mathevan Pillai M;Prabavathy H (Botany Dep, P.G. and Research Centre, S.T. Hindu College, Nagercoli-629 002) : Studies on physicochemical characteristics and distribution of intertidal diatoms associated with sediments at Chankuthurai coast, Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu. Seaweed Res Utilis 2012, 34(1-2), 182-90.

Temporal variations in the physicochemical parameters, density and diversity of intertidal diatom assemblages were investigated from March to August 2007 at two selected stations in the intertidal regions of Chankuthurai coast, Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu. The main physical and chemical parameters and the impact of tsunami waves which occurred prior to this study period and affected the species composition and density were studied. During this investigation, a total of 37 species of intertidal diatoms belonging to 21 genera were recorded from the two stations. A total number of 29 and 23 species were recorded at Station-I and II respectively. The result indicated that the distribution of diatoms taxa in the two stations were similar. The genera Amphora, Coscinodiscus, Gyrosigma, Navicula, Pleurosigma and Thalassionema were found dominant in terms of frequency, and density. The physicochemical parameters showed spatial and temporal variations.

1 illus, 2 tables, 34 ref

008643   Madhaiyan B;Rajasulochana N (Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology Dep, Presidency college, Chennai0-600 005) : Chemical and spectral analyses of phycocolloid of Porphyra vietnamensis. Seaweed Res Utilis 2012, 34(1-2), 80-4.

The red alga Porphyra vietnamensis was collected from Royapuram coast, Chennai,Tamil Nadu. Proximate analysis was carried out. After extracting the phycocolloid, the yield, chemical and spectral analyses were determined. The results of these analyses are presented and discussed.

1 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

008642   Krishnaveni M;NoorunisaBegum M;Sharavanan P S (Botany Dep, Government Arts College, Thiruvannamalai-606 603, Email: drpssharavanan@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of lead on germination and biochemical changes of cowpea (Vigna ungiculata) seedlings. J Ecobiol 2012, 30(3-4), 251-5.

The investigation was undertaken to study the effect of lead at graded concentrations (10, 25, 50, 75,100 & 200 ppm) on morphological and biochemical changes of cow pea [Vigna ungiculata] seedlings under laboratory conditions. The morphological parameters like root length, shoot length, number of lateral roots, root / shoot ratio, germination percentage, tolerance index, fresh, dry weights. percentage of moisture contents and biochemical changes of cowpea seedlings were increased after 10 days of sowing with the increase of lead at 10 ppm concentration (7.9,14.), 22.7,0.56, 100, 1.0. 0.73,0.25, 66.1, 0.63, 0.52, 1-15 & 0.45) and the concentration of 25 ppm and above treatments, those parameters were decreased with the increase of lead treatment (7.1, 13.3. 20.3, 0.54, 98, 0-94,0 67. 0.23. 65.9, 0.60, 0.48, 1.08 & 0.42)

4 tables, 8 ref

008641   Kavale M G;Chaugule B B;Savardekar S V; Gokhale N B (NO, I C S College, Khed, Ratnagiri-415 709, Email: monicakavale@gmail.com) : Genetic variability in Porphyra C. Ag. along the coast of Maharashtra. Indian J Biotechnol 2013, 12(2), 277-80.

The coast of Maharashtra (India), between Mumbai in North and Redi in South covering 720 km stretch, was visited frequently during the monsoon period for the collection of Porphyra. Morphological observations on the collected material revealed existence of morphometric diversity of greater magnitude. These populations were, therefore, subjected to molecular analysis using RAPD markers to understand the extent of genetic variability. For the study, 17 morphotypes gathered from 12 locations were used. RAPD analysis was done using 60 primers, of which 24 showed reproducible results. The primers amplified a total of 480 fragments, of which 412 were polymorphic, indicating high frequency of polymorphism.

1 illus, 2 tables, 14 ref

008640   Katiyar A;Singh B;Katiyar D (Botany Dep, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Email: deepmala.katiyar@gmail.com) : Study of pollen fertility in five varieties of Impatiens balsamina. J Pl Dev Sci 2012, 4(4), 485-8.

Impatiens is a widely cultivated ornamental plant, belonging to family Balsaminaceae. Nearly 91% of Indian species of Impatins are endemic. Impatiens balsamina L. also known as Gulmehndi is one of the popular species of North India. The present communication is an account of study of pollen fertility in different varieties of Impatiens balsamina. There was a statistically significant difference between varieties as determined by one way analysis of variance of pollen significant difference due to variety .The result showed that orange variety pollen fertility significantly highest from each of the other varieties and lowest in pink variety.

4 illus, 6 ref

008639   Jyothilekshmi P;Sudhakaran M V (Botany Dep, N.S.S. College, Nemmara P.O., Palakkad District-678 508) : Socio-economic correlates and temporal trends in consanguinity among muslims of Palakkad district. J Cytol Genet 2013, 14(1), 1-8.

Socio-economic correlates and temporal trends in consanguinity among Muslim community of Palakkad District of Kerala were studied by conducting survey and structured interview on 575 randomly selected families. Consanguineous marriages were found to be 23.3% of all the marriages contracted with a mean coefficient of inbreeding F= 0.012 ±0.001. First cousin marriages were found to be the predominant type (17.2%), followed by second cousin marriages (3.1%) and then first cousin once removed (3.0%). Relationship between consanguinity and region of residence of the couples was found to be higher in urban areas relative to rural areas. The employment status of women and family income were found to be negatively associated with consanguinity. A consistently declining trend in consanguinity from older to younger generation was not evident among the Muslims, which contradicts the general trends prevailed in most populations of the world. Women engaged in consanguineous unions were found to have the mean age at marriage of 18.22 ±0.24 y while it was found to be 18.6 ±0.15 y for women in non-consanguineous unions. Female education was not found to be a determinant factor for decreasing the rate of consanguinity and increasing the age at marriage of women among Muslims in Palakkad district. The present study suggests that the propensity to marry a blood relative has not been changed much over time among Muslims. Their strong belief in Islam together with socio-economic and educational backwardness may be the reason for the high prevalence of consanguinity among them.

5 illus, 1 table, 26 ref

008638   Jenil Prabha K;Sobithabai R;Asir Selin Kumar R (Post Graduate and Research Botany Dep, Scott Christain College, Nagercol-629 003) : Effect of Cymodocea serrulata extract on photosynthetic pigments and protein in Brassica juncea. Seaweed Res Utilis 2012, 34(1-2), 153-6.

Fertilizer effect of the seagrass Cymodocea serrulata extract on photosynthetic pigments and protein contents in the seedlings of Brassica juncea was studied. The seagrass extract promoted chlorophyll a, b and protein content at all concentrations. The most effective concentration was found to be 5%.

3 tables, 16 ref

008637   Jeevitha M;Venkataraman Kumar (PG and Research Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology Dep, Botany Rese, V.o. Chidambaram College, Thoothkudi-628 008) : Nutritional and antinutritional assessment of various parts of seagrasses at different seasons. Seaweed Res Utilis 2012, 34(1-2), 132-7.

Nutrients like protein, carbohydrate, nitrogen and vitamins (niacin and ascorbic acid) and antinutrients tannin and phenol were assessed in the leaves, rhizomes and roots of the seagrasses Cymodocea serrulata, Syringodium isoetifolium, Halophila ovalis and Halodule pinifolia collected from the Hare Island, Thoothkudi during premonsoon, monsoon and postmonsoon periods. Maximum amount of protein and cardohydrates was recorded in the rhizome of Cymodocea serrulata during monsoon, while that of nitrogen in the leaves of this seagrass during post monsoon period. Highest value of ascorbic acid (Vitamin-C) and niacin (Vitamin-B₃) was obtained in the rhizome of Syringodium isoetifolium during monsoon and postmonsoon period respectively. The root of Cymodocea serrulata exhibited maximum amount of tannin during premonsoon season. Highest value of phenol was observed during postmonsoon in the rhizome of Halodule pinifolia.

7 tables, 16 ref

008636   Jain D K;Shagufta N;Bansal R;Singh P N (Botany Dep, Meerut College, Meerut) : The study of the gemmisphere mycoflora ofbuckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). J Pl Dev Sci 2012, 4(4), 659-61.

Frequently encountered fungi in all the phases of bud development were Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus f1avus, A.niger, Candida albicans, Chaetomium globosum, Cladosporium herbarum. Nigrospora sphaerica. Penicillium frequentans, Trichoderma viride and Trichothecium roseum. Among which Aspergillus f1avus. A. niger, Candida albicans and Cladosporium herbarum were by far most prevalent.

1 table, 9 ref

008635   Jain D K;Gupta K;Bansal R;Joshi G;Singh P N (Botany Dep, Meerut College, Meerut (Uttar Pradesh)) : Toxicity effect of culture filtrates of some fungi on seed germination and seedling growth of Solanum melongena var Esculenta needs. J Pl Dev Sci 2012, 4(4), 545-7.

Culture filtrate of all the fungi tested, e.g. Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A.niger, Chaetomium brasilense, Curvularia lutata, Cladosporium herbarum, Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseoli, Myrothecium roridum and Trichoderma viride adversely affected the seed germination and seedling growth. The maximum reduction in seed germination percentage of seeds was observed in the culture filtrates of Trichoderma viride followed by that of Aspergillus flavus, Myrothecium roridum, Macrophomina phaseoli and Fusarium oxysporum. Boiled filtrates were more effective than the unboiled ones. In general, roots were more susceptible to toxins.

1 table, 30 ref

008634   Haridas P;Manju Baby I;Mathew P J;Mathew P M (Plant Genetic Resource Div, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden & Research Institute, Palode, P.O., Thiruvananthapuram-695 562) : Cytological studies in Mucuna pruriens species complex occurring in Peninsular India. J Cytol Genet 2013, 14(1), 9-14.

Meiotic behaviour was studied in 4 varieties of Mucuna pruriens from the peninsular India. Two of them (var. pruriens, var. utilis) showed 11 bivalents, var. thekkadiensis 22 bivalents and var. hirsuta with irregular meiosis due to formation of multivalents, bivalents and univalents (8 IVs, 8 Ills, 12 Us, 8 Is), together constituting 2n = 88. The 4 varieties form an intraspecific polyploid series based on x = 11. Varieties pruriens and utilis are suggested to be fertile diploids, var. thekkadiensis an allo-tetraploid and var. hirsuta, an auto-allo-octoploid. Taking into account recognizable morphological differences associated with chromosomal distinction, a subdivision of the M. pruriens species complex may be considered, tentatively assigning separate species status to the 2 diploid varieties, and to the tetraploid and octoploid varieties together a third species (M. hirsuta) with 2 varietal forms, var. hirsuta and var. thekkadiensis.

4 illus, 14 ref

008633   Gupta P;Kem A;Asha (Botany Dep, Meerut College, Meerut-250 001) : Allelopathic effect of aqueous leaf extract of Parthenium hysterophorus L on seed germination and seedling growth of Daucus carota. J Pl Dev Sci 2012, 4(4), 563-8.

Allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of Parthenium hysterophorus leaves were studied on seed germination and seedling growth to Daucus carota. The adverse impact of weed extracts on seed germination percentage, seedling growth (root and shoot lengths) with gennination speed, growth index and tolerance index. Inhibitory effect of this weed Extract on these parameters of test plant followed the order: control <60> 3% <60> 5% <60> 7% <60> 9% .The percentage of aqueous with the said parameters. The extract had variable effects (additive, antagonistic and However phytotoxicity percentage increased in treatment sets as compared to control.

6 illus, 15 ref

008632   Flora G;Maria Victorial Rani S (NO, St. Mary's College, Thoothukudi-628 001) : Seaweed concentrate as an alternative source to control tikka disease in groundnut. Seaweed Res Utilis 2012, 34(1-2), 127-31.

Efficacy of aqueous concentrates of Ulva lactuca as foliar spray on reducing the severity of fungal leaf spot disease of groundnut caused by Cercospora arachidicola was investigated. The results indicated that the seaweed concentrates significantly reduced the incidence of disease. Present study also revealed that the soluble sugar, soluble protein, aminoacid and ascorbic acid were at higher level than the control. All the growth parameters and pod yield were also recorded.

1 illus, 1 table, 23 ref

008631   Dorjey K;Tamchos S;Sanjeev Kumar (Botany Dep, University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K-180 006, Email: sanjeevkoul222@gmail.com) : Ethnobotanical observations in trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh. J Pl Dev Sci 2012, 4(4), 459-64.

An ethno botanical survey of Ladakh region in Jammu and Kashmir State, India was made to document the traditional knowledge and usage pattern of indigenous medicinal plants used by local communities. Based on the survey, information on 40 high altitude plants species, belonging to 35 genera and 21 families has been documented in the present paper. All the forty plants species are traditionally consumed by the local inhabitants of Ladakh either as traditional food, medicine, as fuel and fodder and possess ornamental and sacred value. Owing to rapid urbanization, over-exploitation and unplanned anthropogenic activities, many wild flora and their indigenous folk knowledge are under serious threat of disappearing, indicating an urgent need of their documentation with traditional practices and recommendation for their conservation and sustainable uses.

13 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

008630   Dobhal Y;Parcha V;Dhasmana D C (Pharmaceutical Science Dep, Sardar Bhagwan Singh PG Institute of Biomedical Sciences & Research, Balawala, Dehradun-248 161) : Attenuation of myocardial infarct size by chloroform extract of Ocimum gratisimum leaves. Adv Pharmac Toxic 2013, 14(1), 11-18.

Present study has been designed to investigate the efficacy of various extracts of Ocimum gratissimum leaves to limit myocardial injury in wister albino rats. Various extracts of Ocimum gratissimum leaves were prepared viz. Pet.ether, chloroform, acetone and methanol. These extracts evaluated for cardioprotective effect. Isolated perfused rat heart was subjected to global ischaemia for 30min. followed by reperfusion for 120min. Coronary effluent was analysed for LDH and CK-MB release to assess the degree of. cardiac injury. Myocardial infarct size was estimated macroscopically using TTC staining by volume method.The present study demonstrates that chloroform extract of Ocimum gratissimum leaves significantly prevented myocardial infarct size and markedly reduced LDH and CK-MB release in coronary effluent at dose level of 100mglkg body weight as compared with that of standard ramipril (I mg/kg body weight).These results suggest that cardioprotective effect of chloroform extract of Ocimum gratissimum was found significant (p <60>0.05) as compared to vehicle control group.

4 illus, 16 ref

008629   Dey H;Bastia A K (Botany Dep, North Orissa Univ, Baripada-757 003) : Taxonomic enumeration of nostocacean cyanobacteria from rice field soils of northern Orissa, India. Seaweed Res Utilis 2012, 34(1-2), 191-204.

Nostocaceae, a group of heterocystous, filamentous cyanobacteria frequently occur in the rice field soils of India. In the present investigation, a taxonomic survey of Nostocacean members were carried out in the rice field soils of Northern Orissa, especially Mayurbhanj district. Altogether 41 taxa belonging to 7 genera were recorded. The genus Anabaena was represented by 15 species followed by Nostoc (11), Cylindrospermum (9), Raphidiopsis and Aulosira (each 2), Pseudanabaena and Nodularia (each 1) species. Anabaena and Nostoc were found to be the most dominant forms in all study localities.

38 ref

008628   Deka S J;Sarma G C;Sarma R B;Deka S P (Botany Dep, Gauhati Univ, Guwahati-781 014, Email: sjdeka@yahoo.in) : Effects of light spectrum on germination of herbaceous plants. J Ecobiol 2012, 30(3-4), 217-21.

The study deals with the effects of light spectrum on seed germination of herbaceous plants. The herbaceous plants such as Cassia tora, Alternanthera sessilis, Brassica campestris and Amaranthus spinosus, matured seeds were collected and treated under different cellophane papers upon Petridishes for germination. The direct sunlight exposer showed the highest germination in 8. campestris (90%) and lowest germination (20%) in C. tora. In C. tora, highest germination (70%) in orange region, although violet, blue, green, red and infra-red region induced moderate percentage of germination. The lowest germination was as observed in yellow light (18%). In A. spinosus the highest percentage of germination was recorded in infra-red light (65%) and lowest (10%) in yellow light. In A. sessilis there was overall lower germination, maximum being (60%) in orange and infra-red light. In B. campestris compared to the other three species showed maximum germination in seven light spectrum, (90%) infrared light and lowest (60%) in yellow light.

1 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

008627   Chandra R;Pandey V N;Singh H B (Mycology and Plant Pathology Dep, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005, Email: rcrbhumpp@yahoo.com) : Edibility test and flavour of collected edible fleshy fungi from different forest regions. J Ecofriendly Agric 2013, 8(2), 194-5.

The edible mushrooms of ethanobotanical food use were collected, which includes 3 species of Agaricus, 5 of Pleurotus, 2 each of Volvariella, Ganoderma, Lycoperdon and 1 each of Calocybe, Lentinus, Ftamulina, Auricularia, Armillaria, Tuber and Hypomyces. The ethanobotanical edibility of these edible mushrooms was ascertained by obtaining information from native and tribals, consuming the same. These information were recorded as fruiting phase and part used of mushroom at the time of consumption and as well as their edibility. The results shows that, all three species of Agaricus was consumed at fruiting stage, Lycoperdon and Volvariella consumed at button stage and all other mushrooms consumed at the mature stage. This collection revealed that, Agaricus bisporus, A. placomyces, A. bitorquis, Volvariella volvacea and V. esculenta have excellent edibility. The flavor of collected edible fungi had different flavours such as cheese, vegetable, fish, chicken and sweet. Information on chewing fills like hardness and softness was also collected from mushroom consumer.

1 tables, 7 ref

008626   Chandra R;Pandey V N;Singh H B (Mycology and Plant Pathology Dep, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005, Email: rcrbhumpp@yahoo.com) : Collection and identification of edible fleshy fungi from different forest locations. J Ecofriendly Agric 2013, 8(2), 185-8.

Field surveys were conducted for collection of various fleshy fungi from different localities of the Gorakhpur, Vindhyachal, Chunar and Varanasi, U.P., India. The mushrooms have been collected, were listed date wise, as for as possible correct scientific name with citation of authors name and taxonomic position and also contained information about common or local name, habitat, types of soil /forest, single / bunches growing substrates and places / locality. The edible mushrooms of ethanobotanical food use, collected during the survey included 3 species of Agaricus, 5 of Pleurotus, 2 each of Volvariella, Ganoderma, Lycoperdon and 1 each of Calocybe, Lentinus, Flamulina, Auricularia, Armillaria, Tuber and Hypomyces.

3 tables, 6 ref

008625   Beevi P N;Mathew P M;Vijayaraghava Kumar (Botany Dep, Iqbal College, Peringammala, Thiruvananthapuram-695 563) : Genetic variability studies in taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) for selected biochemical characters. J Cytol Genet 2012, 13(1-2), 9-14.

Extent of natural variation for 9 biochemical characters, viz., dry matter percentage, starch percentage, sugar percentage, protein percentage, and fat percentage of cormels, mineral levels of cormels viz., calcium, iron and phosphorus (mg/100 g) and leaf protein percentage was estimated for 30 accessions of taro collected from the Western Ghats. The results revealed wide variability for various characters. Although the materials used in the present investigation form a small region in the distribution map of cultivated taro, it represents wide variability as the world collection. The high heritability estimates together with GCV was obtained for characters like cormel sugar (%), cormel fat (%). cormel iron (mg/100 g) cormel calcium (mg/100 g) and leaf protein (%) contents. High values of genetic advance was estimated for several characters such as cormel sugar (%), cormel fat (%), mineral levels of cormels viz., iron (mg/100 g), calcium (mg/100 g) and leaf protein (%). Cultivars of Kulathupuzha grama panchayathu showed much more variability in biochemical composition than those of Peringammala grama panchayathu.

1 table, 12 ref

008624   Asir Selin Kumar R;Jenil Prabha K;Sobithabai R (Post Graduate and Research Botany Dep, Scott Christain College, Nagercoli-629 003) : Effect of seagrass liquid fertilizer on germination and linear growth in Brassica juncea. Seaweed Res Utilis 2012, 34(1-2), 149-52.

Effect of Cymodocea serrulata extract on the germination and linear growth of Brassica juncea was determined. 5% concentration and 25% concentration of Seagrass liquid fertilizer (SGLF) exhibited 100 and 94% germination respectively. Linear growth in terms of root length, shoot length and fresh and dry weights of seedlings were remarkable at lower concentration of the seagrass liquid fertilizer.

5 tables, 20 ref

008623   Antony Sahayaraj A;Assisa Priceline R;Kamaraj K (Botany Dep, Jamal Mohamed College, Trichurappalli-620 020, Email: _anthony2007@rediffmail.com) : Effect of sodium chloride stress on protein metabolism of green gram (Vigna radiata). J Ecobiol 2012, 30(1-2), 97-104.

Effect of salinity (Sodium Chloride) on growth, physiological, morphological parameters and protein metabolism were studied on 15 day old plants of Vigna radiata VBN-1 at four levels (Control, 50, 100, 150 & 200 mM) of salt treatments were carried out. The plant growth, physiological. morphological parameters and protein metabolism were affected (Shoot length - from 25.5 to 13.25 cm; Total proteins - from 96 to 80 mg.g^-1 ; Soluble proteins - from 27.26 to 3.62 mg.g^-1; Structural proteins- form 68.74 to 76.38 mg.g^-1; Total amino acids - from 22.4 to 3.2 mg.g^-1 ; Protease - from 29.6 to 64 mg.g^-1) by an increasing concentration of NaCI.

5 illus, 1 table, 25 ref

008622   Aney A;Choudhary A D;Wagh P (Botany Post Graduate Teaching Dep, Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj Nagpur Univ, Nagpur-440 033, Email: aneyavinash10@rediffmail.com) : Cytological effects of gamma irradiation in two varieties of Pisum sativum L.. J Cytol Genet 2012, 13(1-2), 15-22.

Seeds of 2 varieties of Pisum sativum, P. sativum var. arvense (field pea) and P. sativum var. hortense (garden pea) were exposed to different doses of gamma irradiation to evaluate the cytotoxic effect on root tip cells. Various types of mitotic abnormalities recorded were, clumping, stickiness, bridges, laggards, multinuclei formation, precocious movements, C-metaphases, multipolar anaphases and micronuclei etc. A dose dependent increase in mitotic abnormalities was observed in both the varieties. However, the genotype of P. sativum var. hortense is more sensitive to irradiation than P. sativum var. arvense.

27 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

008621   Abdul Razak N;Rajasulochana N (Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology Dep, Presidency college, Chennai-600 005) : Chemical and spectral analysis of cell wall polysaccharide of Gracilaria corticata J. agardh. Seaweed Res Utilis 2012, 34(1-2), 74-9.

Proximate analysis of the red alga Gracilaria corticata J.Agardh (Gigartinales) collected from Royapuram coast, Chennai was carried out. After extracting the phycocolloid, the yield and physico-chemical properties were determined. The gel strength of agar was dependent on higher 3, 6 an hydrogalactose content and inversely related to the sulphate. The cell wall polysaccharide extracted from G. corticata was analysed by FTIR spectroscopic method. Further, the spectrum has been compared with that of Difco agar.

1 illus, 3 tables, 28 ref

007534   Verma S;Khan Z H (Botany Dep, Christ Church College, Kanpur-208 001, Email: sunitaverma2k11@gmail.com) : Population dynamics of aero-algal flora of rural Kanpur. Bioscan 2012, 7(4), 723-5.

Ambient air environment of rural Kanpur was monitored during 2009-2010 to assess the population dynamics of the area. In all sixteen algal species were recorded. The most dominant group was Cyanophyceae. Among the genusOscillatoria was most prominent (10.9% dominance) followed by Spirogyra (8.2% dominance). The least value was ofChlorococcum (4.1% dominance). The highest abundance of aero algae was recorded in April (62.5) the lowest algal count was observed in September (12.5) permutations in meteorological conditions affected the aero algal flora both quantitatively and qualitatively. The significance of aero algal flora observed has been discussed.

1 illus, 1 table, 30 ref

007533   Thakur D R (Biosciences Dep, Himachal Pradesh Univ, Shimla-171 005, Email: drdr4@rediffmail.com) : Taxonomy and distribution of Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus (Schaeffer) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) from India. J Insect Sci 2012, 25(1), 64-9.

Large number of non-native insect-pests invade new areas either accidentally or through man mediated trading consignments. The bruchid, Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus (Schaeffer) native to Central and Southern America has somehow crossed the geographical boundaries and is now wide spread in different states of India and found infesting seeds of Leucaena leucocephala plant almost throughout the country.

9 illus, 17 ref

007532   Telang S M (Botany Dep, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded, Maharashtra) : Effect of different storage periods on seed mycoflora, seed germination and seedling emergence of Solanum xanthocarpum seeds treated with leaf powder of Azadirachta indica. Asian sci 2010, 5(1), 25-8.

During the studies total thirteen fungi were found to be associated with the seeds of Solarium xanthocarpum. The seeds of Solarium xanthocarpum showed maximum seed mycoflora with maximum per cent incidence. Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus nigricans, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium moniliforme, Curvularia lunata and Rhizopus stolonifer were the common and dominant seed borne fungi of Solarium xanthocarpum. The common and dominant seed borne fungi were found to be inhibitory for seed germination and caused great loss in seedling vigour, seed and seedling rots of the Solanum xanthocarpum. The effect of seed treatment with leaf powder of Azadirachta indica and different seed storage periods (0-15 months) on seed mycoflora, seed germination and seedling emergence of Solanum xanthocarpum variety local was studied. Fungal mycoflora was found to be significantly reduced on seeds treated with leaf powder of Azadirachta indica and stored for different periods and there was an increase in percentage of seed germination and seedling emergence up to twelve months.

3 tables, 12 ref