018288   Vashistha R;Nautiyal B P;Nautiyal M C (High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal)-246 174, Email: mcnautiyal@gmail.net) : Conservation status and morphological variations between populations of Angelica glauca Edgew. and Angelica archangelica Linn. in Garhwal Himalaya. Curr Sci 2006, 91(11), 1537-42.

Natural populations of two species of Angelica, viz. A. glauca and A. archangelica in subalpine and alpine regions of Garhwal Himalaya were surveyed for the determination of threat status and evaluation of germplasm for domestication and cultivation. The study revealed that frequency of both species was more than 50% in nature. However, density of individuals and area occupied were low compared to other species of alpine and subalpine region, indicating habitat loss and heavy exploitation. Status was determined on site-to-site basis as well as for entire Garhwal region of Western Himalaya. Based on species occurrence in selected areas, both species were identified as critically endangered to endangered in different areas. The results also revealed that natural distribution of these species was narrowing down due to habitat destruction. The number of mature individuals was also very low for both species of Angelica and therefore, status was again assigned as critically endangered for each site. Immediate remedial measures are needed for the conservation of natural sites to ensure sustainable mode of utilization. Efforts were also made to evaluate germplasm for domestication on the basis of morphological variations and yield of rhizomes under natural conditions as well as on the basis of phenotypic traits.

2 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref

018287   Teji K T;Thomas K J (Animal Behaviour and Wetland Res Lab, Dep of Zoology, Christ Coll, Irinjalakuda, Thrissur-680 125) : Observations on the morphological abnormalities in induced bred larvae of some freshwater fishes. Indian J Fish 2006, 53(3), 353-8.

Three different species of freshwater fishes, namely Heteropneustes fossilis (stinging catfish), Anabas testudineus (climbing perch), Mystus vitattus (striped dwarf catfish) were induced bred and morphological studies of the larvae were carried out. Morphological and behavioural abnormalities were noticed among larvae produced through induced breeding techniques in all the three species. Morphological abnormalities were seen in head, trunk and tail region of the larvae. Under-developed head, deformed trunk, enlarged yolk sac, underdeveloped barbel, curved tail and vertebral abnormalities were observed. Tunicate larvae (larvae with undetermined growth) were common in these species.

^ssc3 illus, 12 ref

018286   Suresh N;Ranganathan L S (Zoology Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002) : Histogenesis of gut associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) in Catla catla (Hamilton). Indian J Fish 2006, 53(3), 363-6.

The present study focussed on the ontogeny of gut associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) in the Indian major carp, Catla catla at early developmental stages. Gut appeared as a small tube on third day of post hatch and there is no evidence of lymphoid cells at this stage. Few leucocytes were detected on fifth day of post hatch and thereafter the leucocytes were increased in subsequent stages. By fifteen days of post hatch C. catla attains the adult component gut and there is no accumulation or aggregation of lymphoid cells along the entire length of the gut. The presence of isolated leucocytes in the gut epithelium and lamina propria indicates that GALT appeared to be of diffused nature.

^ssc4 illus, 20 ref

018285   Suganthi A Shyla;Kumar G Anil (NO, Zoology Dept, Holy Cross College, Nagercoil-629 002) : Seminal metabolism in a brachyuran crab Metopograpsus messor. J Ecobiol 2007, 20(1), 39-42.

Possible metabolic pathway of sperm cells of the brachyuran crab, Metopograpsus messor has been examined and differential manometric studies have revealed that the sperm cells, while enclosed within the spermatophore wall do not consume oxygen. Interestingly, on removal of the spermatophore wall, sperm suspension is found to consume oxygen to the extent of 0.55 μl/h/1x10⁸ spermatozoa. The results strongly suggest for a possible shift in the spermatozoan metabolic pathway after dissolution of the spermatophore wall. Further, in vitro experiments suggest that the sperm cells of M. messor. maintained outside the spermatophore wall, consume exogenous glucose at the rate of 0.1435pg/h/1 x 10⁸ spermatozoa.

1 table, 13 ref

018284   Sripathi K;Raghuram H;Nathan P T (Animal Behaviour and Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Email: nathan22@rediffmail.com) : Eholocation sounds of the painted bat Kerivoula picta (Vespertilionidae). Curr Sci 2006, 91(9), 1145-7.

1 illus, 11 ref

018283   Shukla A;Shah S;Patel S K;Bhatt N (Life Sciences Dept, Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat) : Silk gland of some spider. Natn J Life Sci 2006, 3(2), 147-52.

Silk glands of Neoscona bihumpi Patel, S., Larinia kanpurae Nigam, S. (Family Araneidae), Amaurobius cribellatae sp. nov. (Amaurobiidae), Artema atlanta Walckenaer (Pholcidae) and Olios kiranae sp. nov. (IIeteropodidae) were studied for the first time in India. The silk glands vary in their shape, size, number and colour. The small ampullate and cylindrical glands were found in all spider species studied hence, they formed the basic glandular equipment of these spiders, however their number and connection with spinnerets to open outside differed in different families due to different utility of silk. Large ampullate glands were found in all except Olios kiranae. Aciniform glands found in N. bihumpi, L kanpurae and A. atlanta, while pyriform gland found only in N. bihumpi and A. cribellatae. Aggregate glands were found in all except A. cribellatae and A. atlanta. Cribellate glands were present only in A. cribellatae, which belonged to the cribellate group of spiders, others are known as Ecribellate.

5 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

018282   Shankar D S;Kulkarni R S (Fish Endocrinology Res Unit, Dep of Zoology, Gulbarga Univg, Gulbarga-585 106) : Effect of cortisol on the condition factor in Notopterus notopterus (Pallas) during reproductive phases. Indian J Fish 2006, 53(3), 321-6.

Condition of the male Notopterus notopterus was studied during four phases of reproductive cycle in control and after cortisol hormone treatment. The condition of the fish including condition factor (K) and somatic condition factor (Ks) was determined based on weight of the body, length of the fish and gonad weight. The condition factors decreased during spawning and post spawning, while increased during preparatory and pre-spawning phases. The hormone cortisol level estimated by Radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique indicated that the hormone was high during pre-spawning and spawning phases as compared to other phases which may be due to the hormone involvement in metabolic activity for spermatogenesis. In 60 μg cortisol treated fish further reduction in these factors was noticed indicating that there is an active involvement of the whole body towards expenditure of energy for reproductive activity. Since cortisol is a metabolic hormone, its treatment may result in the extra expenditure energy for progressing reproductive activity such as spermatogenesis.

1 table, 26 ref

018281   Rattan R S;Reineke A;Hadapad A;Gupta P R; Zebitz C P W (Entomology Dep, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan-173 230, Email: rsrattan@scientist.com) : Molecular phylogeny of Cotesia species (Hymenoptera:Braconidae) inferred from a 16S gene. Curr Sci 2006, 91(11), 1460-1.

2 illus, 6 tables, 6 ref

018280   Rajasekara pandian M;Sharmila banu G;Kumar G; Smila K H (Centre for Biotech, Muthayammal College of Arts and Sci, Kakkaveri, Rasipuram, Namakkal, Tamilnadu) : Cardio protective effect of Aegle marmelos on isoproterenol induced rat. Natn J Life Sci 2006, 3(2), 143-6.

Cardio protective effect of the Aegle marmelos leaf extract on isoproterenol-induced rats with respect to the change in marker enzymes in serum and heart tissue was investigated. In isoproterenol administered rats, a significant decreased level of marker enzymes in the heart and increased levels in serum were observed. Pretreatment of Aegle marmelos leaf extract 75mg/kg p.o once daily for 15 days significantly reduced these marker enzymes in the isoproterenol induced cardiac damage.

3 tables, 18 ref

018279   Radder R S (School of Biological Science, University of Sydney, Building A08, NSW 2006, Australia, Email: raju@mail.usyd.edu.au) : Overview of geographic variation in the life history traits of the tropical agamid lizard, Calotes versicolor. Curr Sci 2006, 91(10), 1354-63.

Life history theory seeks to explain patterns of variation among geographically widespread populations of same species to understand their ecology and adaptations. To date, very few attempts have been made to review and compare life history traits of tropical reptiles, especially those that inhabit the Asian continent. Among tropical reptiles, the agamid lizard Calotes versicolor is widespread, extensively studied and thus 'tailor made' to understand geographic variation if any. Therefore, in this review, life history traits of C. versicolor are compared to understand variation in life history with reference to their geographical distribution. The examination of C. versicolor populations across its geographic range demonstrates considerable variation in some of the life history traits but not in all. For example, there is no sexual size dimorphism at hatching in one population but it is apparent in another. Body size, mass, reproductive output, influence of incubation thermal regimes on eggs and embryos differ between the populations. There is a trade-off between clutch size and egg size in one population but egg size is optimised in another. Lizards that belong to one population mature at a smaller size but at the same age compared to another population. Also, embryos exhibit high thermal tolerance in one population compared to another. These emergent life history patterns from the comparisons are discussed in light of traditional as well as recent views and theories of life history in reptiles.

3 illus, 4 tables, 82 ref

018278   Prakasam V R;Usha S (Environmental Sciences Dep, University of Kerala Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram-695 581) : Fin characteristics of carp fishes in relation to ecological niches. J Ecobiol 2007, 20(1), 97-9.

An investigation on fin characteristics of three carp fishes viz., Cyprinus carpio, Labeo rohita and Catla catla showed that morphometric characters of fins were related to the ecological niches of the fishes. Fin length of surface feeder was greater than column and bottom feeder. Observations on sequential development of fins showed that in C. catla, a surface feeder, all important fins developed earlier than anal fin.

ref

018277   Maya S;Chungath J J;Harshan K R;Ashok N (Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Kerala 680 651) : Prenatal differentiation of neurons in the spinal cord of goat. Tamilnadu J vet Anim Sci 2007, 3(1), 9-15.

Prenatal neuronal differentiation in goat was studied using 52 foetuses. The differentiation started by 27 days in the first month of gestation. By second month, the ventral horn neurons started to organize into aggregations. The shape of neurons were multipolar, spindle-shaped or spherical. The neurons varied in size and measured about 3.8 to 5.6 μm in the neuroblastic stage by second month and attained a maximum width of 75 μm during fifth month. The number of neuroblastic cells per unit area decreased from first month to fifth month of gestation. The number and size of the neurons increased at the enlargements of the spinal cord. Eventhough the neurons of both horns were better differentiated by third month, the nerve cell boundaries became clear and the Nissl bodies appeared only by fourth month. By fifth month, typical multipolar neurons with well developed Nissl bodies were seen.

5 illus, 21 ref

018276   Khan M A;Agnihotri M (Biological Control Lab, Dep of Entomology, Coll of Agric, G.B. Pant Univ of Agric and Technol, Pantnagar-263 145) : New species of the genus Habrolepis Forester (Hymenoptera: encyrtidae) from India. Pantnagar J Res 2006, 4(2), 45-7.

A new species of the encyrtid genus Habrolepis Foerster, H. punctulata parasitizing Aonidiella aurantii Maskell. on Citrus medica is described.

7 illus, 2 tables

018275   Kailash Chandra;Nema D K;Singh S P (Central Regional Station, Zoological Survey of India, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh) : On a collection of moths from Achanakmar wildlife sanctuary, Chhattisgarh. Natn J Life Sci 2006, 3(2), 183-9.

During the extensive survey of Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary by the scientific team of Zoological Survey of India, Jabalpur in 2004 and 2005, thirty four species of moths belonging to 32 genera under 13 families are identified. AH these species are new record to the fauna of the sanctuary as well as to the fauna of Chhattisgarh.

12 ref

018274   Johal M S;Esmaeil H R;Sharma M L (Fish & Fisheries Lab, Zoology Dep, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160 014, Email: johal_ms@yahoo.com) : Scale structure of a cobitid fish, Cobitis linea (Heckel, 1849) using different modes of SEM. Curr Sci 2006, 91(11), 1464-6.

1 illus, 35 ref

018273   Jayaramu S C;Hedge S N;Ramesh S R;Krishna M S (Deptt of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasa Gongotri, Mysore, Karnataka) : Relationship between inversion polymorphism and sexual activity in Drosophila ananassae. Natn J Life Sci 2006, 3(2), 163-68.

Experimental stocks such as Inversion strains (2LA, 3LA, 2LA+3LA) and inversion free stocks were established from wild caught Drosophila ananassae flies collected at Mysore, India. These stocks were used to study influence of inversion polymorphism on mating activities (both qualitative and quantitative traits) and fitness characters (Fecundity and Fertility) using no choice experiment. In D. ananassae negative corelation was found between inversion polymorphism, mating activities and fitness characters.

4 tables, 30 ref

018272   James R;Sampath K (Zoology Dep, V.O. Chidambaram Coll, Tuticorin-628 008) : Effect of dietary administration of methyltestosterone on the growth and sex reversal of two ornamental fish species. Indian J Fish 2006, 53(3), 283-90.

Efficacy of androgenic hormone, methyltestoterone (MT) on growth, sex reversal and reproductive performance of two ornamental fishes, red swordtail Xiphophorus helleri and siamese fighting fish Btta splendens were investigated . 30 day old juvemles were fed and libitum on diets containing different levels of MT (0,10,20,40 and 60 mg kg^-I diet) during the experimental period. The mean body weight and length and specific growth rate of X. helleri and B. splendens were higher in the MT 10 mg kg-I treated groups than other levels of MT treated groups, and hence 10 mg kg-I is considered as optimum dose for attaining higher growth rate. Sex determination of the fishes based on the secondary sexual characteristics showed increased percentage of males with higher dose levels of MT-treated groups. B. splendens treated with 20,40,60 mg kg^-I produced 100% male population on day 84, 56 and 56, respectively, while X. helleri treated with 40 and 60 mg kg^-I produced 100 male population on day 70 and 56.

1 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

018271   Gupta U S;Guha Shubhra (Zoology Dep, Dr. H.S. Gour University, Sagar-470 003, Email: usg1952@yahoo.co.in) : Microcystin toxicity in a freshwater fish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Curr Sci 2006, 91(9), 1261-71.

Microcystin is a toxin secreted by cyanobacteria, which are the dominant phytoplankton in eutrophic freshwater bodies. The present study reports histopathological, hematological and biochemical changes in the freshwater fish, Heteropneustes fossilis due to toxicity of microcystin. Toxic effects were observed in liver, kidney, corpuscles of Stannius, gills and gonads. Bilirubin concentration increased in the blood of treated fish. Concentration of cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase was affected due to toxicity. It is suggested that microcystin concentration should be monitored in the drinking water and the public awareness should be created.

6 illus, 48 ref

018270   Anitha Kumari S;Sree Ramkumaran (Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Dep of Zoology, Nizam Coll, Basheerbagh, Hyderabad-500 001) : Chromosomal aberrations in Channa punctatus (Bloch) from Hussainsagar lake, Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh). Indian J Fish 2006, 53(3), 359-62.

Study was conducted to assess the cytogenetic changes in an air breathing fish Channa punctatus inhabiting the polluted water of Hussainsagar lake. Several structural chromosomal aberrations such as chromatid breaks and gaps, fragments, sister-chromatid exchanges, dicentric and ring type of chromosomes were observed in these fishes in comparison to the fishes collected from other non-polluted water bodies thus indicating induced mutation in fishes living in Hussainsagar waters.

^ssc5 illus, 17 ref

017132   Sudhakar Prakash (Zool Dep, Lucknow Univ, Lucknow) : On a new species of the genus lecithocladium from marine fishes, Deegha, West Bengal. Indian J envir Res 2006, 18(1), 19-21.

One new species of trematode parastie Lecithocladium pellonai spp nov. from the stomach of Pillona elongata (Gun.) from Deegha, West Bengal is described.

1 illus, 16 ref

017131   Subramanian S;Ramalingam K (Post Graduate Res Dep of Zoology, Gov Arts College, Univ of Madras, Chennai-600 035, Email: subphd@yahoo.com) : Role of brain metabolites as substantial factors and enzymes in immune compelx formation in CFA induced inflammation (Arthritis) in wistar rat Rattus norvegicus. J Nat Conserv 2006, 18(2), 381-8.

Systemic rheumatic diseases of autoimmune origin are characterized by inflammation of musculo-skeletal regions and micro-vascular insufficiency. Complex interactions between immune, neuronal and vascular endothelial systems seem to play roles in the arthritogenesis. The study on the neuronal metabolism of CFA induced arthritic rats revealed elevation of tree sugars (pentose, hexose and ketose) and reduction of protein bound sugars. The intermediary metabolites lactic acid, pyruvic acid and lactate/pyruvate ratio revealed significant changes. It imply the development of chronic hypoxia consequent to adjuvant stress. The six fold increase of uric acid level as compared to its level in control is indicative of nucleolytic and uricotelic synthesis. Its formation in brain is of importance, as uric acid is attributed as one of the factors of inflammation. The results on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase attributed their role in immune complex formation. Significant reduction in GOT and GPT activities are attributed to inflammation associated neuronal metabolic changes.

4 tables, 28 ref

017130   Srivastava N;Tyagi A (Fish Biology Lab, Zoology Dep, Univ of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan) : Bioaccumulation of zinc in the gills and intestine of freshwater fish Channa punctatus, after chronic exposure to zinc. J envir Sociobiol 2006, 3(1), 41-4.

Bioacumulation of zinc was estimated in the gills and intestine of Channa punctatus after 135 day exposure to such levels of zinc (0.1 mg/l and 0.2 mg/l) which are normally found in natural water bodies around Jaipur. Significant increase in concentration of zinc was noted in the tissues both of the above organs. This increase was dose and duration dependent.

1 table, 12 ref

017129   Srivastava A;Pawan Kumar;Sharma S (NO, CSK HPKV Rice and Wheat Res Centre, Malan-176 047) : Genitalics studies on five Indian species of genus Ethmia Hubner (Lepidoptera: Ethmidae). Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2006, 26(3), 325-33.

Male and female geqitalic account of five species viz. Ethmia pagiopa Meyrick. E. praeclara Meyrick. E. m'samensis Meyrick. E. acontias Meyrick and E. chamundaii sp. novo has been illustrated. Species E. chamundaii is described as new species to the world of science. A key to these species has also been furnished by dwelling upon various morphological character.

18 illus, 24 ref

017128   Sreenivasa V;Aravindhan V;Murthy P S (Physiology of Reproduction Unit, Zoology Dep, Bangalore University, Bangalore-560 056) : Effect of malathion on biochemical and physiological parameters in glossogobius giuris (HAM). J Ind Pollut Control 2006, 22(1), 121-6.

Effect of sub-lethal concentrations (0.05 and 0.5 ppm) of the organophosphorous pesticide, malathion on biochemical and enzyme activities in muscles of the freshwater gobiid fish, Glossogobius giuris, was studied for 24 and 96 hours of exposure. The following effects were examined; 1. Changes in the levels of protein and glycogen in cardiac muscle. The protein and glycogen contents were altered and decreased significantly in cardiac muscle after exposure to malathion. 2.Changes in the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in cardiac muscle. The results indicated that the LDH level was significantly elevated and SDH activity was suppressed in the muscle tissues after exposure to pesticide. The alterations produced were more significant at 96 hours of exposure than 24 hours. The decreased SDH activity indicated inhibition of SDH at mitochondrial level and LDH activity enhanced may be due to sub-lethal effect of malathion.

4 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

017127   Sontakke B K;Behera A;Marandi P (NO, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Chiplima, Sambalpur-768 025) : Biology of housefly (Muscina stabulans) and blowfly (Chrysomyia bezziana): a tool for detection of time passed since death of human bodies. J appl Zool Res 2006, 17(1), 117-9.

Biology of the commonest housefly and blowfly found on cadavers was studied in the mortuary of VSS Medical College. Surla, Sambalpur during summer and winter seasons 2003 & 2004. Fecundity of the housefly was 532 eggs in summer and 429 eggs in winter with 87 and 76% hatching. The fecundity of blowfly was 436 and 419 with hatching percentage of 91 and 69.5 in summer and winter, respectively. The average egg, larval, pupal and adult periods in case of M. stabulans was 3.2 hrs, 3.5 days. 5.5 days and 6.5 days in summer and 16.4 hrs, 6.2 days. 12.3 days and 13.6 days in winter, respectively. In case of C. bezziana the eggs took 4.3 hand 19.2 h to hatch in summer and winter, respectively. While the period of maggot, pupa and adult was 5.2 and 8.1 days, 5.8 and 14.5 days and 8.6 and 15.4 days, respectively in summer and winter. The per cent emergence varied from 61 to 68 in housefly and 65 to 71 in blowfly through winter to summer season. In general, life cycle of both species prolonged in winter as compared to summer.

1 table, 4 ref

017126   Singh P;Siddhartha Shaknar Singh;Jagdish Singh;Gupta R C (NO, R.P.G. College, Jamuhai, Jaunpur, U.P.) : New species of digenetic trematode of the genus masenea from a catfish Channa gachua from Gomati river, Jaunpur. J Nat Conserv 2006, 18(2), 417-20.

Few species of digenetic trematode Masenea pushpanjalii is described and obtained from intestine of a catfish Channa gachua from Gomati River, Jaunpur. It differs from other species of Masenia in having vittelavia follicles extending from oesophagus up to upper side of anterior testes.

1 illus, 6 ref

017125   Singh P;Jagdish Singh;Gupta R C (NO, R.P.G. College, Jamuhai, Jaunpur, U.P.) : Effect of parasites on hepatosomatic index, glycogen and protein contents in liver of catfish Channa gachua. J Nat Conserv 2006, 18(2), 435-7.

Bio-chemical changes due to parasitic infection in the liver of a fresh water cat fish Channa gachua was investigated. Infection of fish reduced hepatic glycogen, protein and Hepatosomatic index (HSI). Marked depletion in liver glycogen and protein contents were recorded in Channa gachua. A considerable decrease is also observed in HSI.

1 table, 6 ref

017124   Shomorendra M;Jha A N (Zoology Dep, Thambal Marik College, Oinam-795 139) : On a new trematode parasite Phyllodistomum guptai n. sp. of the family gorgoderidae looss 1901, from body cavity of freshwater fishes. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2006, 26(3), 339-42.

Phyllodistomllm guptai n.sp. from body cavities of freshwater fish hosts Clarias batracus (Linn.). Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) and Channa guchua (Bloch) from Loktak lake, Bishnupur district. Manipur, differs from all the known forms of the genus in the following characters viz. presence of pharynx, absence of oesophagus, ventral sucker larger than oral sucker, ovaries and testes are lobed, uterus intercaecal as well as extracaecal.

1 illus, 17 ref

017123   Sheeba Rajakumari D V;Padmalatha C;Jeyapaul C;Ranjitsingh A J A (Zoology Dep, Sarah Tucker College, Perumalpuram, Tirunelvel-627 007) : Effect of supplementation of amino acids leucine and valine on the economic characters of silkworm Bombyx mori L. (Bombycidae: Lepidoptera). Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2006, 26(3), 277-80.

Effect of aminoacid enrichment with mulberry leaves on the economic characters of the silkworm Bombyx mori L. was traced. Mulberry leaves enriched with amino acids showed significant effect in larval weight. cocoon weight. shell weight. shell ratio and filament length. The amino acid concentration (leucine) at 100 ppm was very effective. Mulberry leaves enriched with amino acid (leucine at I0 ppm) fed larvae recorded a maximum cocoon weight (1760 mg), pupal weight (1458 mg), shell weight (302mg), shell ratio(17.16%), and filament length (510M), shell weight in this treatment (100ppm) showed an increase of 34.22% over control and filament length is also 15.91% increase over the control. Various growth parameters like relative consumption rate (RCR), relative growth rate (RGR). weight gain, approximate digestibility (AD), efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) were modulated by the amino acid supplementation.

2 tables, 20 ref

017122   Sharatkumar S;Mohilal N (Zoology Dep, Thoubal College, Thoubal-795 138) : Larval trematodes and their seasonal variations in snails of Manipur. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2006, 26(3), 307-10.

Total of 2.066 snails belonging to species namely, Indoplanorbis exustus, Gyraulus convexiusculu, Lymnaea luteola, Melanoid Striatella tuberculata, Vivipara bengalensis and Pila globosa were examined for the detection of larval trematodes. Three groups of larvat trematodes viz. Amphistome, Gymnocephalous and Echinostome were found from the snails studied. Among the snail species, the highest percentage of larval trematodes was observed in Lymnaea luteola (34.0%) while the lowest was in Vivipara bengalensis (8.3). Whereas in Pila globosa no larval trematodes could be recorded. Amphistome cercaria (11.7%) had the highest prevalent rate in the snail population studied while the lowest was recorded for Gymnocephalolls type of cercaria (3.1%). Overall prevalence of larval trematodes was highest in rainy season (24.5%) while the lowest was in winter season (5.2%).

2 tables, 13 ref

017121   Shaikh N;Yeragi S G (Zoology Dep, G.M. Momin Women's College, Bhiwandi, Thane-421 302) : Effect of Rogor 30 E on the nucleic acid contents in gills, muscles and hepatopancreas of freshwater crab, Barytelphusa cunicularis. J Nat Conserv 2006, 18(2), 431-4.

Study has been focused to assess the nucleic acid contents in gills, muscles and hepatopancreas of fresh water field crab, Barytelphusa cunicularis, collected from Paye village of Thane district. The crabs were exposed to Rogor 30 E, an organophosphate insecticide for 7, 14,21 and 28 days. The exposures were conducted at 0.040 ppm sub lethal concentration of insecticide. At the end of the each exposure period DNA and RNA measured by Schenider (1967) and Dischel (1955) respectively and are discussed in relation TO the exposure period of insecticide in the test solution. The observation indicates that there is a declining in the nucleic acid contents with increasing the exposure period with Rogor 30 E.

2 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

017120   Shaikh N;Yeragi S G (Zoology Dep, G.M. Momin Women's College, Bhiwandi, Thane-421 302) : Biochemical changes in the tissues of freshwater crab, Barytelphusa cunicularis with Rogor 30 E toxicity. J Nat Conserv 2006, 18(2), 311-6.

Study has been focused to assess the biochemical changes in the tissues of freshwater crab, Barytelphusa cunicularis during Rogor 30 E toxicity. The tissues of the gills, muscles and hepatopancreas were selected for the analysis. It was observed that the protein, glycogen and lipid contents of these organs decreased through out the exposure period. The observed biochemical changes are discussed in relation to the concentrations of Rogor 30 E in the test solution.

2 tables, 16 ref

017119   Saxena N;Bhushan B (Zoology Dep, School of Life Sci, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Univ, Agra-282 002) : Lead nitrate induced acidic amino acid alterations in liver of albino rats chromatographic studies. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2006, 26(3), 359-61.

Toxic effect of acute dose of Lead nitrate has been studied in liver, the metabolically active organ of Rattus norllegicus. Emphasis has been paid onto acidic amino acids. Aspartic and Glutamic acids which were analysed by chromatography. The liver homogenates from 60% of treated group rats could not reveal the presence of Glutamic acid while Aspartic acid was not observed only in 33% cases. Both the amino acids were present in control rats. The alterations in the acidic amino acids are thought to be responsible for metabolic malfunctioning of liver as well as for altered structure and function of hepatocyte DNA.

1 table, 11 ref

017118   Sathe T V;Shinde K P (Zoology Dep, Shivaji Univ, Kolhapur-416 004) : On a new species of the genus Rhyothemis Hagen (Order: Odonata) from India. J Nat Conserv 2006, 18(2), 421-4.

New species Rhyothemis yashawanti sp.nov. (Odonata : Libellulidae) have been described from India. It measures 37.00 mm in body length excluding anal appendages; head 4.00 mm long, thorax 9.00 mm long, fore wing 37.00 mm long, hind wing 33.00 mm long, abdomen 24.00 mm long, anal appendages 1.2 mm long, yellow.

10 ref

017117   Sarkar N K (Zoology Dep, Rishi Bankim Chandra College, Naihati-743 165) : Auerbachia hepatica sp. n. (Auerbachiidaed, evdokimova 1973) and Sinuolinea renalis sp. n (Sinuolineidae, shulman 1959) from the teleosts of coastal water of Bay of Bengal. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2006, 26(3), 319-23.

Two new species Auerbachia hepatica sp.n. and Sinuolinea renalis sp.n. (Myxozoa : Myxosporea), have been described from the liver and the kidney tubules of Carangoides praellstus (Bennett) and Otolithoides biauritus (Cantor) respectively of coastal water of Bay of Bengal (W. B.), India. The average mensural data of Allerbachia heprtica sp.n.: Spore-33.21 μm x 15.38 μm, Polar capsule-15.92 μm x 5. 14 μm of Sinllolinea renalis sp.n.: Spore-17 .40 μm diam, Polar capsule-4.73 μm diam Plasmodium ovoid-disporous.

10 illus, 11 ref

017116   Sankaraiyath K;Madhavee Latha P (Zoology Dep, Dr. SRK Gov College, Yanam-533 464) : Impact of aquaculture activities and urbanization on mangrove system of Yanam region (U.T. of Pondicherry). J Nat Conserv 2006, 18(2), 245-9.

Korangi mangrove forest (towards south of Kakinada) is better known for its ecological importance. It covers some area of Yanam (U. T. of Pondicherry), The forest is being diminished at a fast rate due to aquaculture activities of this region. Many prawn culture ponds are blooming at Godavari belt. Ponds are laid at the- cost of many mangrove trees. Large bunds are erected across the feeding canals in order to convert the area into plots. This has a major impact on the diminishing mangroves. The rate of urbanization is faster than any other regions in east Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh.

2 tables, 12 ref

017115   Ramalingam K;Balasundaram K;Selvarajan V R; Bharati Rajan U D (PG and Res Dep of Zoology, Gov Arts College, Nandanam, Chennai-35, Email: drkrimmunotoxicol@yahoo.co.in) : Phosalone poisoning on catecholamines, the nonpeptide neurotransmitters in CNS of Rana tigrina (Daudin). J Nat Conserv 2006, 18(2), 365-77.

Acute dose of an organophosphorus pesticide, phosalone injected peritoneally into Rana tigrina, has altered the normal catecholamines metabolism in the central nervous system. The study has revealed the content of all the three categories of catecholamines viz., dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine in the neuronal tissues of the control ftogs. However the phosalone poisoning has enhanced the concentrations of the above, and thereby revealed , the failure of their autoregulation and indicated inhibition' of enzymes viz., Monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol-0-methyl transferase (COMT) involved in their metabolism. 'The results elucidate that in addition to cholinergic disturbance, catecholaminergic disturbance and their cascade disarray may also be responsible for the comatose phase of phosalone intoxicated animals.

4 illus, 3 tables, 40 ref

017114   Ramalingam K (PG and Res Dep of Zoology, Govt Arts College, Nandanam, Chennai-600 035) : Biological and clinical importance of intermediary carbohydrate metabolism in disease manifestation. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2006, 26(3), 253-64.

Intermediary carbohydrate metabolism represents the break down products of both free and bound carbohydrates viz. the lactic and pyruvic acid. The levels and ratios of the above organic acid derivatives reflect the metabolic and oxidative potentials of tissues. They also serve as indicators to environmental stressors and diagnostic markers to inflammation and disease manifestations. Various enzymes such as phosphomonoesterases, dehydrogenases and phosphorylases are operating the Kreb's cycle, the central hub of the metabolic apparatus of the aerobic cells/tissues. In addition, energy metabolism also involves the operation of several alternative routes such as Hexosemonophosphate (HMP) pathway, pentose shun, lactate metabolism. proteolysis etc. Oxidative/aerobic metabolism of cells, tissues and organs is constrained by various environmental stressors. Animals exhibit various physiological compensatory mechanisms of adaptations to the deviated stressed state. The immunological mechanisms also counteract to stressors. However, when these adaptive responses fail to operate, stress syndrome manifests. It expresses in tissue pathology and diseases.

77 ref

017113   Rajpurohit R S;Bhaker N R;Rajpurohit D S; Rajpurohit L S (Animal Behaviour Unit, Zoology Dep, J.N.V. Univ, Jodhpur-342 001) : Habitat quality and play in Hanuman langur, Semnopithecus entellus around Jodhpur, India. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2006, 26(3), 335-8.

The influence of environmental factor including habitat quality and the intra troop conflict on food of Human langur, Semnopithecus entellus two troops of similar size and age class composition were studied over to-months in Jodhpur, Rajasthan (Northwest India). One of the troops lived in a poor habitat where food was often short, the other in a rich habitat with relatively abundant resources. Play frequency was negatively correlated with the amount of leaves eaten. Consequently, play rates for the rich habitat Langurs (RHL) were not only 5-6 times higher than for the poor habitat Langurs (PHL), but play lasted also significantly longer among RHL. Play rates showed a dramatic increase among PHL when more natural food became available as a result of monsoon rains. The study provides considerable support for the hypothesis that plays is a sensitive indicator of habitat quality. The fact that adverse environmental conditions reduced play rates to zero without disrupting the general activity pattern in Langurs.

22 ref

017112   Murugan M;Sahu M K;Sampath Kumar P;Kannan L (Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai Univ, Paragipettai-608 502, Email: murugangowri@gmail.com) : Molluscan resources of the little Andaman Island, India. J Nat Conserv 2006, 18(2), 389-96.

Attempt has been made to study the molluscan resources of .the Little Andaman Island at Hut Bay, Navel Area, Harbindar Bay, Chandranallah Coast, Dugong Creak, Butler Bay, Nethaji Nagar Coast and Nanjappa Nagar Coast. 52 species of gastropods and 25 species of bivalves have been identified. The gastropod species belong to 19 families viz. Trochidae, Angariidae, Turbinidae, Neritidae, Potamididae, Cerithiidae, Strombidae, Cypraeidae, Naticidae, Tonnidae, Cassidae, Ranellidae, Muricidae, Buccinidae, Nassaridae, Olividae, Harpidae, Conidae and Fascilariidae. Bivalves which were present in all the stations of study faIT"under 12 families viz. Cardiidae. Ostreidae, Mactridae, Arciidae, Veneridae, Pinnidae, Solenidae, Pholadidae, Anomidae, Pteridae, Donacidae and Pectinidae. The bivalve species diversity was much lower than that of gastropods. Bivalves were found sparsely distributed at all the stations when compared to the gastropods. Gastropod and bivalve fisheries are of sustenance nature and are used for edible purpose as source of lime, as decorative shells or for industrial purposes. Though the molluscs sustain regular and very productive fisheries in waters, only a few of the mussels, clams and oysters are now generally eaten and even these are of more poor man's food. Presently observed occurrence of molluscan dead shells could have been due to the impact of tsunami, which has devastated the coral reef habitats of this coast. Among these shells, some of them are of aesthetic, commercial and biomedical values.

3 tables, 24 ref

017111   Mishra D K;Bohidar K;Pandey A K (Zoology Dep, Deogarh College, Deogarh-768 119) : Effect of sublethal exposure of carbaryl and cartap on chromaffin cells of freshwater teleost, Channa punctatus (Bloch). J Nat Conserv 2006, 18(2), 271-6.

In order record-the responses of chromaffin cells due to sublethal (30% of LC₅₀ for 96 hours) exposure of carbaryl (5.20 mg l^-1) and cartap (0.18 mg l^-1), Channa nctatus were exposed for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours under static bioassay condition. Chromaffin cells, distributed in head kidney of fish, possessed nuclei with sparse chromatin and eccentric nucleolus. There was a partial loss of staining affinity in chromaffin cells of both the treated groups at 24 hours. At 48 hours of exposure to both the pesticides, there were significant increase in the size of chromaffin cells (hypertrophy) and vasularization. Hyperplasia was noticed in the chromaffin cells of both the treated groups at 72 hours. Though hypertrophy and hyperplasia were prominent by 96 hours, marked vacuolization as well as pyknotic nuclei were frequently observed in the chromaffin cells of carbaryl- as well as cartap-treated fish.

6 illus, 27 ref

017110   Mini M K;Alexander Jesudasan R W A (Zoology Dep, Madras Christian College, Tambaram, Chennai-600 059) : Haemocytes of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) Lepidoptera: noctuidae). J appl Zool Res 2006, 17(1), 33-6.

The aim of the study was to identify and quantify the haemocyte types in the larvae of Helicoverpa armigera Hubn. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Six haemocyte types were identified viz., Prohaemocyte (PR), Plasmatocyte (PL), Granulocyte (GR), Spherulocyte (SP), Oenocytoid (OE) and Vermicyte (VE). The total haemocyte count (THC) was found to be highest in the 3rd instar larvae (68256.9) and a gradual decrease of haemocytes was observed from the 4th to 5th instars. Differential haemocyte count showed a higher level of Granulocytes in 3rd, 4th and 5th instars. The Vermicytes were very few in number and Oenocytoids were observed only in the 5th instar.

1 table, 11 ref, 1 plate

017109   Marngar D (Zoology Dep, Synod College, Shillong-793 002) : Ageratum conyzoides, the sterility effect of Oxya hyla. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2006, 26(3), 281-5.

Menthanol extract of Ageratum conyzoides and precocene I have similar effect on adult male Oxya hyla testicular cell cycle. Cell cycle was interfered on treatment with A. conyzoides extract. The sub-stages of prophase stage like leptotene, zygotene, pachytene. diplotene and diakinesis were still developed, but the next stages were inhibited. The cell cycle was completely blocked in the prophase stage with no further development. A. conyzoides extract has activity to sterility and hence is important for reducing the population of the 0. hyla.

2 tables, 14 ref

017108   Madhavee Latha P;John Sushma N;Sankaraiyah K; Jayantha Rao K (Zoology Dep, Sri Venkateswara Univ, Tirpati-517 502) : Effect of monocrotophos on some enzymes of albino mice. J Nat Conserv 2006, 18(2), 397-401.

Exposure to sublethal dose (1.2 mg/kg b.w) has resulted alterations in dehydrogenase (LOH), succinate dehydrogenase (SOH) and glutathione-S-transferase activities. A significant increase in LOH, GST activities and decrease in SOH activity are noted in the tissues like brain, liver, kidney and intestine of albino mice. LOH elevation in this study may be due to diminished activity of enzymes of TCA cycle. Monocrotophos inhibited the activity of SOH with a subsequent fall in energy production indicating the prevalence of anaerobiasis. The elevation levels of GST suggest that this enzyme may be partially responsible in neutralizing the toxic effect of monocrotophos.

1 table, 19 ref

017107   Laxma Reddy B;Benarjee G;Rajender G (Fisheries Res Lab, Zoology Dep, Kakaitya Univ, Warangal-506 009, Email: gbgss@yahoo.co.in) : Biostatistical indices on the occurrence of cestode parasite, Lytocestus indicus infection in the freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus at the Warangal region of Andhra Pradesh. J Nat Conserv 2006, 18(2), 343-8.

Freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus often found infected with Lytocestus indicus. A survey has been conducted for two consecutive years on the freshwater bodies of the district to study the incidence of parsitic infection, intensity of infection, density of infection index of infection and the seasonal variation of this parasite. The data obtained during two consecutive years reveals that the parasitic infection varies from season to season. The intensity, density and index of infection are also influenced by the ecological factors.

3 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

017106   Kushwaha Y;Saxena K K (P.G. Dep of Zoology, D.A.V. College, Kanpur) : Zooplankton of the river Sengar in district Etawah (U.P). J Nat Conserv 2006, 18(2), 403-8.

Zooplanktons are the consumers of the phytoplankton, as four major groups protozoa, rotifera, nematoda, crustacea and larvae represent them. The Zooplanktons were collected at five stations trom river Sengar at Etawah. At Station 'A' the minimum number of zooplankton recorded was 46.3l1itre in December 2001 and maximum 596.711itre in June 2002. At station 'B' the minimum number of zooplankton was 52.0/litre in December 2002 and maximum 686.7/litre in June, 200 I. Whereas in station 'C' the minimum number of zooplankton was 30.2/litre in December 2001 and maximum 691.8/litre in June 2003. At station 'D' the minimum number of zooplankton was 3 1.5/litre in December 2002 and maximum 366.3/litre in June 200 I. While station 'E' the minimum number of zooplankton was 52.811itre in December 2001 and maximum 493.2/litre in June 2003.

5 tables, 9 ref

017105   Kishor Kumar;Bisht K L;Dobriyal A K;Joshi H K;Bahuguna P K;Goswami S;Balodi V P;Thapliyal A (Zoology Dep, Govt College, Dakpatthar-248 125) : Fecundity and sex ratio in a rare hill-stream fish Botia Hora from Garhwal Himalaya, Uttaranchal. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2006, 26(3), 271-6.

Paper deals with reproductive capacity and sex ratio of a hillstream fish Botia dayi Hora collected from river Khoh in the foothills of Garhwal Himalaya, Uttaranchal. Fecundity of the fish varied from a minimum of 2225 to a maximum of 8840 in the fish measuring 10.1 cm to 14.5 cm respectively. Four linear relationships were traced out between fecundity and independent body parameters. Sex ratio was near to natural one.

4 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

017104   Kalita G;Goswami M M (NO, Guwahati College, Guwahati-781 021) : Diversity of molluscs in Deepar wetland of Assam, India. J Nat Conserv 2006, 18(2), 231-7.

Deepar wetland is a perennial, natural water body situated in between 91° to 38' to 91° 40' East longitude and 26° 6' to 26°8' North latitude near Guwahati, the capital city of Assam, India. It is a Ramsar site in Assam. Part of this wetland has now declared as Bird Sanctuary by the Government of this State. The wetland is known for its high productivity, though highly threatened due to increased anthropogenic activities. As a part of limnological reconnaissance and as an outcome of the scientific investigations on the macro-invertebrate enmeshed fauna during 2004-2005 it has been observed that the mollusca group represents its rich diversity in the wetland. All total 18 species of Gastropod and Bivalve molluscs namelye Angulyagra microchaetophora (Annandale), Bellamya bengalensis (Lamarck), Digoniostoma pulchella (Benson), Gabbia orcula (Nevill), Pila globosa (Swainson), Lymnaea acuminata Lamarck, Lymnaea luteola typica Lamarck, Lymnaea persica Issel, Ferrissia veruca (Benson), Camptoceras lineatum Blanford, Indoplanorbis exustus Deshayes, Gyraulus labiatus (Benson), Gyraulus convexiuscalus (Hutton), Segmentina calatha (Benson), Brotia costula Rafinesque, Corbicula striatella Deshayes, Sphaerium indicum Deshayes, Sphaerium indicum Deshayes and Lamellidens corranus (Lea) are recorded during the study. The distribution and the eco-habitat of these molluscan species in teh wetland have been studied.

1 table, 1 photo, 11 ref

017103   Jha P K;Mazumdar B;Bhatt J D (Pharmacology Dep, P D U Medical College, Rajkot, Email: jhapankajku@yahoo.co.in) : Analgesic activity of venlafaxine and its interactions with tramadol, celecoxib and amlodipine in mice. Indian J Pharmac 2006, 38(3), 181-4.

Analgesic activity of vdenlafaxine and its interactions with tramadol, celecoxib and amlodipine has been studied. Antinociceptive action of venlafaxine (5, 7.5, 10 and 22.5 mg/kg) was studied in mice (tail flick and writhing tests). Sub-analgesic doses of venlafaxine, tramadol, celecoxib and amlodipine were obtained using these methods. A sub-analgesic dose of venlafaxine was combined with sub-analgesic doses of tramadol, celecoxib and amlodipine to study their interactions. The antinociceptive action of venlafaxine was founc only at higher doses (10 and 22.5 mg/kg). When a sub-analgesic dose of venlafaxine was combined with sub-analgesic doses of tramadol, amoldipine or celecoxib, the combination resulted in a significant antinociceptive effect.

4 tables, 17 ref

017102   Jacob Doss P;Nagarjuna A;Suhasini K;Savithri Y;Dayanand Y;Rajeswara Rao M (Zoology Dep, S.V. Univ, Tirupati-517 502) : Impact of monocrotophos on albino rat neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity in vivo. J Nat Conserv 2006, 18(2), 305-10.

Effect of sublethal and lethal doses of monocrotophos, an organophosphorous insecticide was studied for its effect on rat brain regions nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in vivo. The NOS activity was measured by monitoring the conversion of ³H-arginine to ³H-citrulline. The results indicated decrease in the rat cerebellum, hypothalamus, midbrain, striatum, hippocampus, cerebral cortex and medulla oblongata based NOS activity under the impact of sublethal (6 ppm) and lethal (l8 ppm) doses of monocrotophos employed in the current study. Since the brain NOS activity was calcium/calmodulin - dependent one, it was reported that interaction of monocrotophos with rat brain parts Ca²⁺/CaM - mediated events might be responsible for the decrease in the rat brain regions NOS activity under monocrotophos stress and these events may contribute for neurotoxicity in rat.

1 table, 25 ref