019281   Rajpurohit L S;Chhangani A K (Zoology Dep, Animal Behaviour Unit, Faculty of Science, J.N.V. Univ, Jodhpur) : Observation on male change and infanticide in free-ranging unimale bisexual troop of hanuman langur (Semnopithecus entellus) around Jodhpur (India). Himalayan J Envir Zool 2006, 20(1), 17-25.

The Hanuman langur, Semnopithecus population around Jodhpur is being monitored since 1967. This genetically isolated pocket population of about 1800 langurs organised in 48 groups (34 bisexual troops and 14 all male bands). The paper describes instances of infanticide and straying behaviour of males of the species Semnopithecus entenus.

2 illus, 24 ref

019280   Raja I A;Charjan A P;Kulkarni K M (Zoology Research Laboratory. Zoology Dep, Shri Shivaji College of Arts Commerce and Science, Akola-444 001) : Growth performance of mosquito fish Gambusia affinis exposed to different levels of dietary protein. J Aquatic Biol 2006, 21(2), 144-8.

Dietary protein on growth in mosquito fish Gambusia affinis were studied. 280, one-month-old fishes were randomly distributed into 14 aquaria in the laboratory. Seven experimental feeds (protein levels 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%) were ~ formulated using casein and fish meal as the main dietary protein source. Fish receiving no dietary protein were greatly retarded in growth. Fish fed with the non-protein diet showed significantly higher feed conversion values than fish in the other treatments. Among different dietary proteins 30 percent and 40 groups obtained the lowest feed conversion value. Of all the protein levels tested, 30 percent was found to be the optimum for proper growth (body weight gain).

3 table, 19 ref

019279   Raj K K;Meena J S;Raghavan P R (Post-Graduate Department of Aquaculture & Fisheries, St. Alberts College, Ernakulam, Kochi-682 018) : Food and feeding habits of the lesser sardine Sardinella gibbosa (Bleeker) from the southwest coast of India. J Aquatic Biol 2006, 21(2), 167-9.

Food and feeding habits of Sardinella gibbosa (Bleeker) from the southwest coast of India revealed that the fish is an omnivorous feeder, which feeds on zooplanktons, diatoms and other planktonic organisms. The present study deals with the Seasonal variations in diet, relative abundance in food items, various changes in feeding intensity and feeding habits of the lesser sardine, Sardinella gibbosa from the Southwest Coast of India.

2 table, 9 ref

019278   Rai S;Haldar C (Pineal Research Lab, Reproductive Biol Unit, Zool Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005, Email: chaldar@bhu.ac.in) : Adptive significance of annuala variation in immune parameters and endogenous hormones (melatonin and thyroxine) of a tropical rodent Funambulus pennanti. J Endocr Reprod 2006, 10(2), 111-6.

Significance of annual variation in metabolic (thyroxine) and chronobiotic (melatonin) hormones in relation to i.e adaptation of the Indian palm squirrel was investigated. The squirrel is summer breeder and, hence, remains healthy during reproductively active phase (Feb - Aug) when melatonin level is low and thyroxine level is high. The data show that the circulating levels of melatonin (MEL) and thyroxine (T₄) have their respective annual rhythms, which are inversely related. Thyroxine level is low during the winter months (Sep-Jan) when metabolic activity of this rodent is also low. During this period melatonin level is high because of the short photoperiod and the squirrels indicate poor reproductive activity, with low gonadal steroids, which could be due to high circulating melatonin. The immune parameters also present an annual rhythmicity, which is parallel with circulating melatonin level, but inversely related to thyroxine level. This suggests that the metabolic hormone, thyroxine, and the chronobiotic hormone, melatonin, might be responsible for maintenance of the immune system to adapt the rodent for the rigors of the seasonal environmental changes.

3 illus, 28 ref

019277   Radhkrishnan Nair C;Palavesam A (PG. Deptt. of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, S.T. Hindu College, Nagercoil-629 002) : Toxic impact of curacron on lactate dehydrogenase activities in the tissues of cyprinus carpio and oreochromis mossambicus. Pollut Res 2006, 25(4), 817-20.

Toxic impact of curacron on LDH activity of Cyprinus carpio and Oreochromis mossambicus in the tissues of liver, kindey stomach, intestine and muscle were studied for 21 days. The fishes. C. carpio and O. mossambicus were exposed to curacron chronically to different sub-lethal concentrations, 0.0067, 0,134, 0.0201, 0.0268 ppm and 0.083, 0.167, 0.2518 and 0.3350 ppm respectively by taking 1/5, 1/10, 1/15 and 1/20 fractions of respective 96 hrs LC₅₀ values. C. carpio and O. mossambicus was found to decrease the LDH activity with increasing concentrations of curacron. Further among the tissues tested LDH activity was maximum in the liver tissues of both C. carpio and O. mossambicus when compared to other tested tissues. Kidney tissues was the most affected among the tested tissues.

2 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

019276   Praveen J;Nameer P O (NO, , 14/779(2), Ambadi, Kunnathurmedu P.O, Palakkad-678 013, Email: paintedstork@gmail.com) : Checklist of birds of Nelliampathy hills, Southern Western ghats. Zoos Print J 2007, 22(6), 2695-701.

A bird study conducted at Nelliampathies, southern Western Ghats came up with a total checklist of 197 species with seven Red List and 13 Range Restricted species. A comprehensive checklist of 233 species, which includes observations from several previous studies, is provided. Range extension is reported in two subspecies, Grey-breasted Laughingthrush (Garrulax jerdoni fairbanki) and Brown Rock Pipit (Anthus similis travancoriensis) found in the southern Western Ghats. Moreover, 16 species of birds that were recorded by A. P. Kinloch in late 1920s could not be located during the study. In comparison with earlier studies by A.P. Kinloch, there is a general down trend in birds occupying the under storey vegetation which is of great concern.

23 ref

019275   Pawar B A;Mane U H (Zoology Dep, P.V.P. College, Pravaranagar-413 713) : Sex ratio of Macrones bleekeri (Bleeker) form Sadatpur lake Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra. J Aquatic Biol 2006, 21(2), 182-5.

Sex ratio of a freshwater fish, Macrones bleekeri has been studied from Sadatpur lake near Pravaranagar, Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra. The overall sex ratio males to females were 1: 1.29. Females outnumbered males, although the sex ratio showed no significant (p >0.05) deviation in the population. Females outnumbered males before spawning (Dec - May). During peak spawning (June - August) there was no difference between the numbers of two sexes. In length groups 140 - 149, 170 - 179, and 210 - 219 mm sex ratio was 1:1. In larger length groups (220 - 229 and 230 - 239 mm) only females were recorded. Males were not recorded above 219 mm length.

2 table, 1 illus, 13 ref

019274   Parithabhanum A;Subramanian M A (P.G. and Research Deptt. of Zoology, C.N. College, Erode-638 004) : Cadmium toxicity on the larvae of hermit crab Clibanarius olivaceus. Pollut Res 2006, 25(4), 805-7.

Zoea larvae were identified into various stages and were treated in sublethal concentrations of analar grade cadmium chloride. In lower sublethal concentrations there was completion of larval development without mortality. But there was a reduction in survival of larvae in increased concentrations of cadmium. It was also observed that the time required for the completion of zoeal development increased with increasing test concentrations.

2 tables, 12 ref

019273   Parekh S;Chawla S L;Rao M V (Zoology Dep, School of Sciences, Gujarat Univ, Ahmedabad-380 009, Email: zoolDepgu@satyam.net.in) : Beneficial effects of vitamin E in mitigating chromium-nickel induced nephrotoxicity in mice. J Cell Tissue Res 2006, 6(2), 797-802.

Nickel chloride (NiCl₂-8, and 16mg/kg body weight) and potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇ - 5 and 10 mg/kg b wt) administered alone and in combination daily for 30 days were studied for their effects on histological and biochemical changes in mice. Alongwith this, the effect of vitamin E (2 mg/kg body wt) supplementation with metals was also studied. Nickel and chromium treatments to mice revealed a significant decline in the activities of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase as well as in the levels of protein and creatinine in the kidney. These changes appear to be due to the damage in kidney caused by heavy metals. The histological and ultra structural studies supported this fact. Interestingly enough, the supplementation of vitamin E along with nickel and chromium did not show much damage in kidney demonstrating the ameliorative role of vitamin E.

18 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref

019272   Pampatwar D V;Ambore N E;Kadam M S (Zoology Dep, ACS College, Shankarnagar, Tq. Biloli, Dist. Nanded) : Effect of activity levels on glycogen content in different tissues of Channa gachua and Labio rohita. J Aquatic Biol 2006, 21(2), 139-43.

Channa gachua glycogen content was minimum in lowest body weights of the fish. The increase in glycogen content was directly proportional with respect to increasing weight in different tissues such as liver, gills, muscles and Heart but in liver there was sudden decline followed by initial increase. The medium sized fish showed maximum glycogen content. Finally the amount of glycogen content was inversely proportional to increasing body weights. In Labeo rohita the increase in glycogen content was directly proportional with respect to increasing body weights -initially, but in liver increase in glycogen content is directly proportional with respect to increasing body weights. Hence glycogen content was minimum in smallest sized (weight) fish and maximum glycogen content was in largest sized (weight) fish. Medium sized (weight) fish showed sudden decline in glycogen content and again increase in glycogen content with respect to increasing body weights. A comparative physiological aspect of Channa gachua and Labeo rohita with respect to glycogen content and ultimately carbohydrate metabolism showed many interesting situations even though their acclimatised conditions were some what similar. In Channa gachua the glycogen content were comparatively too much less per gram wet weight of tissue as compared with that of the Labeo rohita. The difference might be due to the less activity of Channa gachua in their aquatic medium. In Labeo rohita the glycogen content showed increasing trend because of its activeness. The fluctuation in glycogen content may be due to continuous conversion of glycogen into glucose for oxidation.

2 table, 27 ref

019271   Oommen O V;Sreejith P;Beyo R S;Divya L; Vijayasree A S;Manju M (Zool Dep, Univ of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram-695 581, Email: oommen@yahoo.com) : Thyroid hormones regulate mitrochondrial respiration as well as antioxidant defense in teleosts too. J Endocr Reprod 2006, 10(2), 96-105.

Effect of T₃ on the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme homeostasis in a fresh water teleost. Anabas testudineus. These experiments suggest the possibility that certain of the clinical and biochemical manifestations of T₃ can be attributed to a direct effect of T₃ on mitochondria. Thyroid hormone enhances mitochondrial ATP production rate in the highly oxidative tissue such as liver. These in vitro and in vivo studies substantiate and confirm the earlier reported T₃ induced oxidative metabolism in lower vertebrates. These induced oxidative metabolisms create oxidative stress in tissues. This confirms that T₃ has an immediate response in in vivo and in vitro system on energy adjustment in the fish, A. testudineus. Tri-iodothyronine is also capable of combating the oxidative stress by activating the antioxidant system to remove the ROS. Tri-iodothyronine appears to have a dual role, as a stimulator of oxidative process and as a regulator of antioxidant enzyme activity. This establishes another example for the multi-functional role of T₃ in lower vertebrates also. However, the precise mechanism of action remains to be understood. The protein expression study revealed that T₃ administration in fish creates hypermetaolic state. This hypermetabolic state creates oxidative stress in fish. To maintain the homeostasis of the fish, physiology the main antioxidant CuZn SOD is directly altered. Due to augmented SOD utilization, expression of CuZn SOD is diminished in fish liver and brain. These findings conclude that thyroid hormone effectively maintains physiological status of fresh water fish. It is obvious that thyroid hormones have an over all effect on metabolism in responsive tissue and that their effect is a direct one. Theses studies establish multi-functional role of T₃ in lower vertebrates.

2 illus, 5 tables, 60 ref

019270   Narendran T C;Santhosh S;Peter A;Jilcy M C; Anitha P V (Systematic Entomology Zoology Dep, Calicut Univ, Kerala-673 635, Email: drtcnendran@yahoo.com) : Two new species of Zaischnopsis ashmed (Hymenoptera:Eupelmidae) form Southern India and a key to oriental species. Zoos Print J 2007, 22(6), 2706-09.

The genus Zaischnopsis Ashmead is represented in India by three species viz. Zaischnopsis biharensis (Narendran) including the two new species described viz., Zaischnopsis keralensis Narendran sp. nov. and Zaischnopsis bothericus Narendran sp. nov. Comparative accounts of the two new species and the diagnostic features of Z. biharensis (Narendran) are given. A key to the Oriental species of Zaischnopsis is also included.

12 tables 13 ref

019269   Mukke V K;Sayyed N R;Khan A K (Zoology Dep, Dr. B.A.M. Univ, Aurangabad-431 004) : Seasonal effect of heavy metals (HgCl₂ and CuSo₄) on oxygen consumption of the freshwater crab, Barytelphusa guerini. J Aquatic Biol 2006, 21(2), 206-9.

Heavy metals (HgCl₂ and CuSO₄ on the rate of respiration of freshwater crab, B. guerini was studied. The effect of both the metal was observed after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of exposure. The rate of oxygen consumption decreased with an increase in exposure period. Mercury chloride found high toxic to crab than that of copper sulphate.

3 table, 13 ref

019268   More A D;Mudhkhede L M (Zoology Dep, Yeshwant Mahavidyalaya, Nanded-431 602) : Changes in ascorbic acid level of fresh water crab, Barythelphusa guerini after exposure to sulphates of three metallic salts viz. copper sulphate, zinc sulphate and cadmium sulphate. J Aquatic Biol 2006, 21(2), 210-14.

Heavy metals like copper sulphate, zinc sulphate and cadmium sulphate on ascorbic acid contents of the fresh water crab Barytelphula guerini have been studied. The ascorbic acid in blood did not show significant change (either increase or decrease) after 96 hours exposure to copper sulphate, zinc sulphate and cadmium sulphate. In other tissue viz. gills, hepatopancreas and muscles showed enhancement in ascorbic acid contents however, each heavy metal showed varied results.

3 illus, 9 ref

019267   Mondal S K;Mukherjee S;Mukherjee T K (NO, Zoology Survey of India, Kolkata, Email: mukherjee.tushar@gmail.com) : Addition to Mantodea (insecta) fauna of Arunachal Pradesh. Zoos Print J 2007, 22(6), 2719.

019266   Masqsood Javed A M;Waran A;Tampal F (World Wide Fund for Nature-India, (WWF), APSO, Ho.no.818, Castle Hills Road No.2, Near NMDC, Vijayanagar Colony, Hyderabad-500 057, Email: javedwwf2007@gmail.com) : Occurrence of goldengecko Calodctyodes aureus (Beddome 1870) in Papikonda Hills, Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh, India. Zoos Print J 2007, 22(6), 2727-9.

019265   Malviya M K;Madlapure V R;Jayabhaye U M (Zoology Dep, Adarsh College, Hingoli-431 513) : Length-weight relationship in Nemacheilus savona and Macrones leucophasis of river Kayadhu in Hingoli district, Maharashtra. J Aquatic Biol 2006, 21(2), 149-52.

Total 533 specimens of fish Nemacheilus savona and 317 specimens of M. leucophasis has been studied for length- weight relationship. The size and weight of N. savona ranges from 2.684 to 7.054 cm and 0.125 to 2.850 gms respectively. The size and weight of male M. leucophasis ranges from 9.7-17.8 cm and 10.62-26.50 gms respectively where as the size and weight of female M. leucophasis ranges from 9.3-17.6 cm and 10.73-35.62 gms respectively. There was a straight linear relationship between log length and log weight of the species. The length weight relationship of the both species were estimated and given by the equations: N. savona W = 0.004746 L^3.3332, M. leucophasis (male) W = 0.3253 L^1.5220, M. leucophasis (female) W = 0.2626 L^1.6247.

4 illus, 10 ref

019264   Maitra S K;Seth M;Chattoraj A (Zool Dep, Visva-Bharati Univ, Santiniketan-731 235, Email: dgp_skmaitra@yahoo.co.in ) : Photoperiod, pineal photoreceptors and melatonin as the signal of photoperiod in the regulation of reproduction in fish. J Endocr Reprod 2006, 10(2), 73-7.

Annual variation in photoperiod is the most regular phenomenon that has strong predictive value in the temporal organization of seasonal activities in biological world, especially reproduction. Carefully controlled studies demonstrated importance of photoperiods in the regulation of annual reproductive events in diverse groups of animals including fish. Apart from academic interests, study in fish has gained momentum because of its tremendous economic importance as food. Thus, for obvious reasons, efforts are continued to develop technologies for increasing fecundity and growth of fish in culture. As a result, photoperiodic manipulation has emerged as an effective tool offeproductive management in culture fisheries, and understanding the physiology of photoperiodic regulation of fish reproduction became the priority topic of research in different countries. It reviews and summarizes the information gathered in recent years on the importance of photoperiod and the mechanism of photoperiodic signal transduction in the photo-neuroendocrine system in fish emphasizing the role of pineal organ, which is considered as an intermediary between the environment and the endocrine system in vertebrate.

3 illus, 125 ref

019263   Mahajan S S;Zambare S P (Zoology Dep, K.V.Pendharkar College, Dombivli(E)-421 203) : Effect of L-ascorbic acid supplementation on arsenic induced alterations in the ascorbic acid levels of an experimental model, damellidens marginalis (Lamarck). J Aquatic Biol 2006, 21(2), 222-7.

Investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of ascorbic acid on arsenic induced alterations on the ascorbic acid levels in an experimental model, the fresh water bivalve, Lamellidens marginalis. The effects on bivalves were studied under five groups. Group 'A' was -maintained as control, group 'B' bivalves were exposed to chronic dose of As₂O₃ (0.223 ppm) while group 'C' bivalves were exposed to respective chronic concentration of arsenic with 50 mg/l of L- ascorbic acid for 21 days. The bivalves exposed to arsenic for 21 days were divided into D and E group. The D group bivalves were allowed to cure naturally while E group bivalves were exposed to 50 mg/l of L - ascorbic acid for recovery. After every seven days, some bivalves from group A, B and C and after every three days bivalves from D and E were removed, and their tissues were separated and dried at 80 °C. From each powder, ascorbic acid level was estimated and presented as mg/gm of dry weight. Significant decrease was observed in ascorbic acid content on the exposure to arsenic. However, depletion in the L- ascorbic acid level on the exposure to arsenic with L- ascorbic acid was minimum. Pre-exposed bivalves to arsenic showed fast recovery in the ascorbic acid exposed bivalves than those, which were allowed to recover naturally. The probable role of L - ascorbic acid is discussed in the paper.

4 illuse, 1 table, 14 ref

019262   Kumar A;Tiwary H N;Lakra G (P.G. Zoology Dep, Ranchi College, Ranchi, Jharkhand) : Fish diversity of getalsud reservoir, Ranchi, Jharkhand. Himalayan J Envir Zool 2006, 20(1), 111-13.

Limno-ichthyological study was conducted for six months (Jan 2004-June 2004.) of this reservoir and 22 species of fishes of four order were reported, of which order cypriniformes dominated with 15 species.

1 table, 6 ref

019261   Kumar A;Qureshi T A;Parashar A (Applied Aquaculture Dep, Barkatullah Univ, Bhopal-462 026) : Biodiversity assessment of macro-invertebrates in Ranjit Sagar reservoir, Jammu, J & K, India. J Aquatic Biol 2006, 21(2), 39-44.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of macro invertebrates from Ranjit Sagar reservoir at the four collection sites of the J&K side were undertaken for the period of two years (Jan., 04 to Dec., 05). Total 31 genera of macro invertebrate fauna, either in the form of their larvae, nymphs or adult stages were found (06 Ephemeroptera, 05 Diptera, 04 Trichoptera, 04, Coleoptera, 03 Hemiptera, 03 Odonata, 02 Plecoptera, and 01 each of Hirudinea, Amphipods, Planarians and Mollusca). Quantitative studies at these four stations recorded total abundance as 32.66 ±8.57, 40.83 ± 8.15, 36.33 ± 5.61 and 25.08 ± 6.73 organisms/m² respectively, during Jan., 04 to Dec., 04 and 33.66 ± 7.92, 32.0 ± 5.44, 33.25 ± 9.23 and 22.58 ± 7.11 organisms/m² respectively, during Jan., 05 to Dec., 05. Their occurrence was found to be quantitatively low due to the recent construction of the reservoir.

3 tables, 23 ref

019260   Kiran B R;Patel A N;Puttaiah E T;Basavaraja D (Environment Science Dep, Kuvempu Univ, Shankaraghatta-577 451) : Diversity of aquatic insects in lakka valli tank, Chikmagalur district, Karnataka. J Aquatic Biol 2006, 21(2), 56-8.

Water quality in terms of some physico-chemical characteristics and aquatic insect population of a sewage fed tank at Lakkavalli during the year 2004-05 has been investigated. Seasonal variation both in quality and quantity of aquatic insect community was found to be influenced by some physico-chemical parameters of the tank water. The dominant group of insects belonged to the order Coleoptera, in all, diversity was represented by ten species of aquatic insects.

1 table, 12 ref,

019259   Kailash chandra;Nema D K (Central Regional Station, Zoological Survery of India, Jabalpur, M.P.) : Birds of Madhav National Park, Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh. J trop For 2006, 22(1-2), 70-8.

Paper presents information on avifauna of Madhav National Park, which includes the report of 239 species of birds pertaining to 160 genera under 58 families. Their common and local names alongwith the abundance in their area and status of the birds have also been incorporated.

4 ref

019258   Kadam S U;Gayakwad J M (Zoology and Fishery Science Dep, Dnyanopasak College, Parbhani-431 401) : Ichtyofauna of masooli reservior, district Parbhani, Maharashtra- a study of inland reservoir fishery in India. J Aquatic Biol 2006, 21(2), 59-61.

Fish fauna of Masooli reservoir were collected for the study. The result of the investigation confirmed the occurrence of twenty-three fish species belonging to six orders. The order cypriniformes was dominant with eleven species followed by order channiformes with four species while the order siluriformes, cluepiformes, perciformes were represented by two species and rest of the order by single species. The fresh water fish culture is more profitable with low input cost and easy management. Success of fish culture to a great extent depends on selection of fast growing and disease resistant species that can fetch a good market value.

1 table, 12 ref

019257   Jyoti M K;Sharma K K;Sawhney N;Sarbjeet Kour (Zoology Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu-180 006) : Population dynamics and seasonal abundance of rotifers in a shivalik stream (Ban Ganga). Himalayan J Envir Zool 2006, 20(1), 7-15.

Deals with the seasonal abundance and distribution of rotifer fauna in a shallow snow fed Ban Ganga stream (Katra). The twelve species of rotifers recorded during the investigations (Jan, 2003 - Dec, 2003) belong to two classes Monogononta and Digononta with maximum representation of order Ploima (10 sps.) of class Monagononta. Various physico-chemical parameters were also analysed to assess their influence on the seasonal distributional trend among rotifer inhabiting the stream.

1 illus, 7 tables, 2 ref

019256   Joshi R;Joshi B D (NO, G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment & Development Garhwal Uni, Srinagar, Garhwal-246 174) : Impact of anthropogenic activities on elephant (Elephas maximus) around few religious places: a case study from the Rajaji National Park, Uttaranchal, India. Himalayan J Envir Zool 2006, 20(1), 87-90.

Study deals with the impact of anthropogenic activities on routine behaviour of elephants and few other wild animal species around the religious places, which are situated inside the protected area of Rajaji national park in Uttaranchal.

8 ref

019255   Jayabhaye U M;Madlapure V R;Malviya M K (Zoology Dep, Adarsh College, Hingoli-431 513) : Fish diversity in the Parola dam near Hingoli, Hingoli district, Maharashtra, India. J Aquatic Biol 2006, 21(2), 65-6.

Present investigation was carried out to study the aquatic vertebrate animals with reference to fishes of Parola dam water during the year February 2003 to January 2004. The Parola dam water is mainly used for irrigation and fishing purposes. During the study 11 species of fishes were observed.

1 table, 17 ref

019254   Jayabhaye U M;Madlapure V R (Zoology Dep, Adarsh College, Hingoli, Dist. Hingoli-431 513) : Zooplankton diversity in Parola dam Hingoli, Maharashtra, India. J Aquatic Biol 2006, 21(2), 67-71.

Zooplankton study was carried out in Parola dam water from February 2003 to January 2004. Parola dam is across the confluence of three nalas. The dam is near village Parola on a tributory of Kayadhu river which itself is a tributory river Godavari. During the study the total number of zooplanktons were counted. The different species of zooplankton were also identified. The zooplankton in water belongs to four main taxonomic groups such as rotifera, copepoda, ostracoda and cladocera, out of which rotifera was dominated. About 28 zooplankton species were recorded, out of which 14 rotifera species, 5 copepoda species, 3 ostracoda species and 6 cladocera species were found. The rotifera, Brachionas was dominated among zooplankton in Parola dam.

1 table, 4 illus, 22 ref

019253   Hasan M K;Feeroz M M;Islam M A;Kabir M M; Begum S (Zoology Dep, Jahangirnagar Univ, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Email: hasan_wildlifeju@yahoo.com) : Substrate use by the western hoolock gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) in a semievergreen forest of Bangladesh. Zoos Print J 2007, 22(6), 2702-05.

Study was conducted on the substrate height and substrate use by the Western Hoolock Gibbon (Hooloclc hoolock) between April 2002 and June 2003 at Lawachara National Park, Bangladesh. One gibbon group with three individuals was followed and a total of 2674 observations were recorded during the study period. Substrate height used by the gibbons ranged between 3m and 28m. They performed most of their activities (84%) between 6m and 20m substrate height. Maximum use of substrate heights in different activities were recorded from 11 m to 15m; maximum feeding (34%), moving (40%), resting (32%), calling (45%) and social activities (26%) were recorded between this (11m & 15m) heights. Minimum feeding (6%), moving (5%) and resting (6%) were recorded from 1m to 5m and minimum calling (2%) and social activities (2%) were recorded above 26m substrate height. In substrate use they performed most of the activities on small branches and near the periphery and least on the trunk of trees. Substrate height and substrate use during different activities varied significantly and between different age-sex classes. Gibbons were not found to perform any activities on the ground.

3 illus, 15 ref

019252   Hariprasad T;Neeraja P (Zoology Dep, S.V. Univ, Tirupati-517 502) : Recovery of fish, Cyprinus carpio from induced ambient ammonia stress. J Aquatic Biol 2006, 21(2), 160-62.

Fish culture has been chosen as a tool for economic development by the government of India, because the country is bestowed with nature's plentiful bounty in regard to fish germplasm resources. Ammonia, a chief constituent of fertilizers when present in high levels is quite toxic to most organisms has been attributed to the ammonia species. In the present study Fingerlings of Cyprinus carpio which were 60 days old weighing 550 ± 10 mg were selected and exposed to ammonia (3.24 mg/L) for 14 days. The glucose levels showed increment whereas the glycogen levels showed decrement with simultaneous increase in the activity of phosphorylase enzyme levels suggesting the impairment of carbohydrate metabolism. Upon transferring the fish to ammonia free water for 14 days, the glucose, glycogen and phosphorylase enzyme levels were restored to normalcy. This evidently suggests that some control mechanisms are under operation towards compensation and regulation of metabolic homeostasis during recovery from stress period.

1 table, 9 ref

019251   Ganesh K;Janaiah C;Venkateshwarlu P (Zoology Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal-506 009) : Specific activity levels of proteases, aminases and GDH in fresh water fish, Clarias batrachus (Linn) on exposure to profenofos. J Aquatic Biol 2006, 21(2), 196-9.

Decreased protein content and enhanced free amino acids level might suggest that the reduced synthesis or increased proteolytic activity or at times both can exist in pesticides exposed fish. The pronounced enhancement in acid protease activity in liver tissues could be attributed to the damage caused in lysosomal enzymes into the cytosol. The elevation of neutral proteases may indicate the damage caused to the tissues due to impairment of energy supply. The elevated alkaline protease activity may, indicate higher protein degradation, since alkaline protease prefer to act on structural proteins of tissues. Therefore, the proteins are denatured leading to more activation of proteases. The activities of AAT and ALAT are enhanced with the following toxic exposure of OP Compound resulted in incorporation of aminoacids into TCA cycle for energy production. This is further confirmed by the enhanced levels of GDH which is responsible for the incorporation of aminoacids into TCA cycle. The overall decrease in protein content and enhanced levels of aminoacids transaminases and GDH might suggest the utilization of proteins under stress conditions of the fish.

1 table, 18 ref

019250   Ganesh K;Janaiah C;Shobha Rani V J (Zoology Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal-506 009) : Kinetic study of acetylcholine esterase and dehydrogenase enzymes in Clarias batrachus (Linn) on exposure to organophosphorus pesticides. J Aquatic Biol 2006, 21(2), 200-5.

Sublethal concentration of dimethoate, profenofos and oxydemetonmethyl inhibits acetylcholine esterase, lactate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activity in liver, brain and gill tissues of Clarias batrachu. Due to hypoxia. Inhibition of AChE, LDH and SDH activity indicates reduced oxidation of lactate to pyruvate and inhibition of ICDH and SDH shows the overall inhibition of intermediary metabolism or Kreb's cycle. SDH being associated with inner mitochondrial membrane, the decrease in its activity shows derangement of mitochondria. AChE, LDH and SDH are key enzymes in glycolysis and TCA cycle, their inhibition under toxic conditions of OP compounds could be considered as an indication of the fish showing a shift towards anaerobic metabolism resulted in the depressed oxidation of mitochondria.

1 table, 10 ref

019249   Gajare K A;Deshmukh A A;Pillai M M (Zoology Dep, Goverment Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanites, Amravati-444 604, Email: kavita_kanu@rediffmail.com) : Effect of Bacopa monniera extact on lysosomal membrane integrity in the brain and heart of D-Galactose induced oxidative stressed mice. J Cell Tissue Res 2006, 6(2), 815-8.

Bacopa monniera is a medicinal plant used as memory tonic in Ayurvedic medicines. In present investigation antioxidant property of Bacopa monniera was studied with respect to protection of the lysosomal membrane from the oxidative damage induced by D galactose. For this purpose the female albino mice were treated with D-galactose and D-galactose in combination with Bacopa monniera. The lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase was measured in both lysosomal and post lysosomal fractions and ratio of lysosomal to post lysosomal acid phosphatase activity was studied. The ratio was more than one in control group and less than one in D-galactose treated group. In Bacopa monniera co-treated group the ratio was also more than one in various brain regions (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, corpora quadrigemina, cerebellum) as well as in heart (auricle and ventricle). This indicates that Bacopa monniera extract provides protection against oxidative stress and prevents lysosomal membrane leakage, thus acting as a potent membrane stabilizer.

2 tables, 31 ref

019248   Faridha A;Faisal K;Akbarsha M A (Animal Science Dep, Bharathidasan Univ, Triuchirappalli-620 024, Email: akbarbdu@yahoo.com) : Duration-dependent histopathological and histometric changes in the testis of aflatoxin b1-treated mice. J Endocr Reprod 2006, 10(2), 117-33.

Study was aimed at finding gravimetric, histopathologoical and histometric changes in the testis of Swiss mouse in response to treatment of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) in a chronic toxicity testing over different periods of time and at finding recovery, if any, after cessation of the treatment. AFB₁ suspended in com oil and ethanol, was administered through intraperitoneal route to 90 day old Swiss mouse at a daily dose of 50μg/kg body weight for 7, 15, 35, 45 days. In the recovery group the mice were kept, after cessation of the treatment, under observation for 35 or 70 days. The testicles and seminal vesicles of the animals were subjected to histopathological analysis adopting paraffin/resin embedding and light microscopy. Computer assisted histometric analysis of several parameters was also made. In general there was little impact of the treatment in the animals treated for 7 days. In the animals treated for 15, 35 and 45 days, there was duration-dependent regression of the testis and seminal vesicles. Histopathological changes were observed in both the spermatogenic and androgenic compartments of the testis. Fragmentation of chromatin of pachytene spermatocytes, generation of uni- and multinucleate gaint cells, and premature loss of spermatids and spermatocytes were observed. Whereas the seminiferous tubules regressed, the Leydig cells underwent hypertrophy and distortion of shape of the nucleus. Generation of multiple micronucleate gaint cells and extensive loss of germ cells from the seminiferous epithelium were observed. Fertility of the mice was severely hampered. The various changes are discussed in relation to the possible effects of AFB₁ on the microtubules of the spindle fibers and the DNA of chromatin. Since spermatogonia and Sertoli cells are not vulnerable targets to AF toxicity, the treated animals recovered over a period of time.

8 illus, 6 tables, 73 ref

019247   Estherrani D V;Perumalsamy K;Isaiarasu L (Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Sivkasi, Tamil Nadu-626 124) : Vermicompost production from leaf litter using the epigeic, exotic earthworm, Eisenia fetida. J Ecotoxic envir Monit 2007, 17(1), 37-41.

Vermicompost production from leaf litter using the epigeic, exotic earthworm Eisenia fetida was studied both with reference to increase in earthworm biomass and the quantity of compostable matter added. The quantity of composted matter increased 10 to 55 % and 15 to 68.8% substantially in both the experimental sets with the increase in the earthworm biomass and the quantity of leaf litter added. The physico-chemical analysis of the compost revealed the pH of the compost to be around 7.8 with the electrical conductivity around 1.1 μmhos/cm. The organic carbon level increased from 4.2 % to a maximum of 10.9 % as a result of 100 worms. The increase in the levels of organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potash and C: N ratio of the composts indicated the use of 50 worms for 100 g of leaf litter as the optimum. The earthworm number 58 to 86 and biomass 29 to 31 increased substantially with the increase in the quantity of leaf litter added 100 to 400 g for composting.

2 table, 11 ref

019246   Deshmukh J U;Ambore N E;Pulle J S (Zoology Dep, (P.G.) Yeshwant Mahavidhyalay, Nanded-431 605) : Water quality of Godavari river at Nanded Maharashtra, India. Pollut Res 2006, 25(4), 899-900.

Water quality parameters of Godavari river situated at Nanded. Dist. Nanded, Maharashtra state have been studied monthly from February 1998 to January-2000. Deals with the study of water quality in relation to hardness.

1 illus, 4 tables, 5 ref

019245   Deshmukh D R;Sonawane S R (Zoology Dep, Pratishthan Mahavidyalaya, Paithan-431 107) : Influence of pH on the acute toxicity of endosulfan to Channa gachua. J Aquatic Biol 2006, 21(2), 218-21.

Fish channa gachua exposed to lethal concentration for a short term exposure to endosulfan in relation to lower and higher range of pH was studied. The mortality rate at LC₅₀ under different pH concentrations was recorded.

3 table, 10 ref

019244   Deshmukh A A;Gajare K A;Pillai M M (Zoology Dep, Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanities, Amravati-444 604, Email: ashish_cellbio@rediffmail.com) : D-galactose induced ageing in short duration: a quick model of accelerated ageing in mice. J Cell Tissue Res 2006, 6(2), 753-6.

Literature reveals an increased lipid peroxidalion during ageing. The purpose of this study was to develop short term model of ageing in young animals. The animals were grouped into three: control group, experimental group 1 (treated with daily subcutaneous injections of 5% D galactose for fifteen days) and experimental group 2 (treated with daily subcutaneous injections of 5% D galactose for fifty six days). Study showed that fifteen days subcutaneous injections of 5% D galactose 0.5 ml/day resulted in increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in various regions of brain such as cerebral cortex, hippocampus, corpora quadrigemina, cerebellum as welt as heart auricle and ventricle. Increasing the duration of treatment for 56, the results were similar to that 15 days treatment as level the fluctuations of various biomolecules were almost similar in both the cases. The present model minimizes the duration of D galactose treatment from 56 days (as reported in earlier model) to 15 days and hence becomes a quick animal model for researches on ageing.

4 tables, 26 ref

019243   Das A;Firoz Ahmed M (Herpetology Div, Aaranyak, 50 Samanwoy Path, Survey, Guwahati-781 028, Email: abhijitdas80@rediffmail.com) : Range extension of Assamese day Gekko Cnemaspis assamensis Das and Sengupta (sauria: gekkonidae). Zoos Print J 2007, 22(6), 2720.

12 ref

019242   Chatterjee S K;Shyama Das Ghosh;Ghosal A (Life Science Laboratory, Institute of Science Education, University of Burdwan, Burdaman-713 104) : Toxic stress of fenvalerate on some hematological parameters of albino mice. Envir Ecol 2006, 24S(3), 532-4.

Albino mice were orally treated with sublethal (one third of LC₅₀) dose of fenvalerate (Fen Fen 20% E. C ) for a period of 21 days. Periodical (every 7 days) readings were taken to study the hematological parameters like RBC count, WBC count, PCV(%), MCV (μm³), Hb (g%), MCH (pg) and MCHC (%) in experimental and control animals using standard methods. Toxic stress as evidenced by differences in readings was discussed in the light of available literature.

1 table, 18 ref

019241   Borane V R;Zambare S P (Zoology Dep. Jijamata Arts, Science and Commerce College, Nandurbar-425 412) : Role of ascorbic acid in lead and cadmium induced changes on the blood glucose level of the freshwater fish Channa orientalis (Schneider). J Aquatic Biol 2006, 21(2), 244-48.

Evaluates the effectiveness of ascorbic acid in lead and cadmium toxic effect in an experimental model, the fresh water fish Channa orientalis. Remarkable decrease in blood glucose level was observed in lead as compared to cadmium exposed fishes. Fishes exposed to lead or cadmium with ascorbic acid showed comparatively less impact of the heavy metal. Pre-exposed fishes to heavy metals showed fast recovery in blood glucose level on exposure to ascorbic acid as compared to those who were allowed to cure naturally in normal water.

2 table, 1 illus, 23 ref

019240   Bhattachraya R;Tulsawani R K;Kumar D; Hariharakrishnan J;Satish Kumar H T;Vijayaraghavan R (Pharmacology and Toxicology Div, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road Gwalior-474 002, Email: rbhattacharya41@yahoo.com) : Acute toxicity of alpha-ketoglutarate after intraperitoneal administration in rats. J Cell Tissue Res 2006, 6(2), 769-74.

Cyanide antagonism by oral and intraperitoneal (ip) administration of 2.0 g/kg alpha-ketoglutarate (A-KG) was reported earlier in rodents. While, oral treatment of 2.0 g/kg A-KG did not produce any toxicity in rats, it was interesting to determine acute effects of ip administration of 2.0 g/kg A-KG in female rats. Various biochemical, hematological and histological variables were studied 1 h, 24 h and 7 d after A-KG administration. Several physiological parameters in anesthetized rats after 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/kg A-KG administration. Except for a transient increase in blood lactate dehydrogenase, sugar and creatinine levels, 1 h after treatment, no significant change in biochemistry, hematology or histology of the vital organs was observed. No change was also observed in the animal body weight or organ-body weight index of the vital organs. Except for a decrease in neuromuscular transmission (NMT), none of the physiological parameters were significantly altered by 2.0 g/kg A-KG However, a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure was observed 210 min after 4.0 g/kg A-KG administration. There was no significant change in the heart rate and rectal temperature, but a significant decrease in respiratory rate (73.1% of control) was observed after 90 min, which further declined (56.8%) by 240 min. Significant decrease in NMT was produced by all the doses of A-KG after 30 min of treatment. The study indicates few deleterious effects of ip administration of A-KG on physiological variables, particularly at the dose of 4.0 g/kg. Although, a reduction in the dose of A-KG by ip route is envisaged, its oral treatment is presumed to be safer and more realistic as compared to ip route.

1 illus, 4 tables, 36 ref

019239   Benarjee G;Reddy B L;Bikshapathi V (Fisheries Research Lab, Zoology Dep, Kakatiya Univ, Warangal-506 009, Email: gbgsss@yahoo.co.in) : Histopathology and histochemistry of the intestine of Clarias batrachus due to trematode, Genarchopsis goppo (Ozaki, 1925). J Aquatic Biol 2006, 21(2), 257-62.

Trematode parasite, Genarchopsis goppo is found infected to the intestine of fresh water fish, Clarias batrachus. Histopathological and histochemical studies have been made to assess the extent of damage caused by the parasite and the histochemical changes occurred to the intestine of Clarias batrachus due to the infection of Genarchopsis goppo. Histological changes include destruction and extrusion of the intestinal villi, inflammatory fibrosis associated with hyperplasia and metaplasia was noticed in the submucous membrane. The total carbohydrate, proteins, lipids have showed an increase in the intestine due to helminth infection.

1 table, 6 illus, 28 ref

019238   Balekar N S;Bodhankar S L;Mohan V (NO, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemend Univ, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane, Paud Road, Pune Indus Biotech, Pune-411 042) : Ellagic acid - an immunomodulator. J Cell Tissue Res 2006, 6(2), 783-6.

Immunomodulatory activity of ellagic acid was studied in various groups of animals by delayed type of hypersensitivity (DTH) response, plaque forming cell (PFC) assay, haemagglutination (HA) titre and in vitro phagocytosis. Ellagic acid (EA) 500 mg/kg elicited significant increase in DTH. Humoral immunity, as measured by PFC and HA, showed a dose dependent increase and a dose of 500 mg/kg showed a significant effect. EA also elicited a significant increase in phagocytic index and phagocytic capacity of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leucocytes. EA was found to have stimulatory effect on immune functions in mice.

3 tables, 26 ref

019237   Bahuguna S N;Raj A;Joshi H;Banoni A K;Bisht B (Zoology Dep, H.N.B. Garhwal Univ, P.Box70 Srinagar Garhwal, Uttaranchal) : New record of Tor progeneius (Mc Clelland) from the river Alaknanda of Garhwal Himalaya. Himalayan J Envir Zool 2006, 20(1), 31-4.

New record of Torprogeneius (Mc Clelland) is a valuable addition in the fish fauna of river Alaknanda. The fish Tor progeneius is described on the basis of various morpho-metric and meristic characters of fish; along with synonyms and zoogeographical distribution.

1 illus, 15 ref

019236   Aziz M A;Ali Reza A H M;Hasan M K;Tonchangya P K;Sarker A;Atiquzzaman K M;Dutta S;Makayching;Rahman K M Z (Zoology Dep, Jahangirnagar Univ, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh, Email: wildsamaa@yahoo.com) : Three species of bats of Jahangirnagar university, Bangladesh. Zoos Print J 2007, 22(6), 2729-31.

1 table, 16 ref

019235   Arunachalam M;Murugan M (Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Environment Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar Univ, Alwarkurichi-627 412, Email: arunacm@gmail.com) : Discovery of sex chromosome in deccan mahseer tor khudree from Tamil Nadu Western Ghats, India. Zoos Print J 2007, 22(6), 2723.

019234   Arunachalam M;Muralidharan M (Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Environmental Sciences, Manomaniam Sundaranar Univ, Alwarkurichi-627 412, Email: arunacm@gmail.com) : Note on the validity of the identifying character of a rare loach nemacheilus monilis Hora. Zoos Print J 2007, 22(6), 2724-5.

16 ref

019233   Ali M S;Sattar A;Kumar M (Forestry Dep, Rajendra Agricultural Univ, Bihar Pusa, (Samastipur)-848 125) : Foraging behaviour of honey bees and associated insects on jatropha (Jatropha curcas) flowers under the climate conditions of North Bihar. Envir Ecol 2006, 24S(3), 581-3.

Hourly and daily patterns of foraging activities of honey bee species and other insects have been studied on jatropha (J. Curcas) flowers under north Biher climatic condition. Among all the insect foragers, Apis florea recorded maximum activity on jatropha flowers. Maximum, minimum temperature and morning relative humidity showed negative correlation whereas afternoon relative humidity had positive association with the activities of insect foragers on jatropha flowers.

3 tables, 2 illus, 3 ref

018289   Verma A (Zoology Dept, Y S College, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand) : Effect of pineal 5- methoxytryptamine on the tests of the Indian garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. Natn J Life Sci 2006, 3(2), 179-82.

Effects of late afternoon injections of different doses of 5-methoxytryptamine (MT) were studied on the testes of the Indian garden lizard, Calotes versicolor during the testicular regressive phase. 10 and 25 mg of MT, given for 40 and 60 continuous days significantly reduced the weight and activity of the testes. MT injections for 20 days failed to have any significant effect. Also 5 μg of MT was always without any effect. It is suggested that MT has an inhibitory influence on the testes of this lizard. The dose and duration of administration are critical.

2 tables, 28 ref