001385   Kamna Singh;Singh N B (Entomol Res Lab, Animal Sci Dep, M.J.P. Rohilkhand Univ, Bareilly-243 006) : Effect of Ocimum sanctum (L.) on biomass production and growth rates of the development stages of Periplaneta americana (L.) (dictyoptera : Blattidae. Himalayan J Envir Zool 2007, 21(1), 97-108.

Changes in cumulative biomass production were determined for the developmental stages of cockroach, Periplaneta amerlcana (L.) reared on the baked bread soaked with Oimum sanctum , (L.) leaf-extract (2%) at 30 ±2 °C temperature and 35- 40% R.H. The variations in the fresh and dry biomasses of most of the developmental stages of both males and females of treated individuals were significantly lower in comparison to those of control. The dry weight % (fraction of fresh weight) of treated individuals ranged between 38.26-46.44% (males) and 34.80-47.06% (females) which were significantly lower than their corresponding values of untreated males (39.15-51.67%) and females (36.31-49.66). The highest progression factor within nymphal instars were recorded as 2.27 (males) and 2.44 (females) for the untreated individuals while in case of treated ones these factors were : 2.55 (males) and 2.1 (females).

2 illus, 5 tables, 36 ref

001384   Joshi P P;Kulkarni G K (Zoology Dep, Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada Univ, Aurangabad-431 004) : Change in the oxygen Consumption of a freshwater fish Garra mullya (Sykes) exposed to cypermethrin and fenvalerate. Himalayan J Envir Zool 2007, 21(1), 7-3.

Effect of cypermethrin and fenvalerate on oxygen consumption of the freshwater hill stream fish, Garra mullya (Sykes) has been studied. The fishes were exposed to 24 h lethal concentration (0.18 ppm) and two sub lethal concentrations (0.06 and 0.018 ppm) of cypermethrin, whereas 24 h lethal (0.26 ppm) and two sub lethal concentrations (0.086 and 0.026 ppm) of fenvalerate for different time periods. The period of exposure was 2 to 12 h for lethal and 12 to 60 h for sub lethal concentrations. The results indicate that the rate of oxygen consumption increased in the initial period of analysis i.e. 2 to 8 h in lethal and 12 to 36 h in sub lethal concentrations of both pesticides and there after started decreasing. The probable cause of alteration in oxygen consumption and significance of results as bio-indicator for assessing the pesticide toxicity has been discussed.

3 illus, 2 tables, 20 ref

001383   Harpreet Kaur;Aneja M (Zoology Dep, Punjabi Univ, Patiala-147 002) : In vitro effects of albendazole on the histology and histochemistry of Trichuris globulosa (nematoda), a parasite of sheep and goat. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2007, 27(1), 31-8.

Attempt has been made to observe the in vitro effect of albendazole (ABZ), an anthelmintic drug, on the histology and histochemistry of Trichuris globulosa. The parasites were incubated in different working concentrations of the drug ranging from 50-200 ppm. Histologically the body wall and intestine of the treated worms were most effected by ABZ. No prominent effect of ABZ was observed on the reproductive parts, however, swelling of the polar plugs was observed in treated worms. Lipids (general lipids, neutral and acidic lipids, phospholipids and neutral fats) and carbohydrates (glycogen and acid mucopolysaccharides) were observed in lesser concentration in body wall, intestine and reproductive pans of treated worms. Increased concentration of phospholipids in intestinal epithelium, increased concentration of glycogen and acid mucopolysaccharides in developing oogonia and oocytes was detected in treated worms.

12 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

001382   Harit D N (Zoology Dep, Government Champhai College, Champhai-796 321) : First record of occurrence of an agamid lizardcalotes jerdonigunther (reptila : agamidae) from Mizoram state, India and a note on its feeding and egg laying behaviour. Himalayan J Envir Zool 2007, 21(1), 135-40.

Reports the first record of occurrence of an Agamid Lizard 'Eastern Green Calotes' Calotes jerdoni Gunther (Reptilia : Agamidae), for the first time in Mizoram, India, at an altitude of 500-2200 msl. A gravid lizard was caught, in the month of April, kept in captivity, where it was found to be totally insectivores. It laid white coloured shelled, nine eggs in captivity, in a pit of around 10 cm depth, in soil, made by it using both forelimbs. Prior to making, real pit for egg laying, it made a false pit, nearby presumably disguise predators.

1 table, 17 ref

001381   Hammed P S;Krishnamoorthy R;Syed Mohamed H E; Venugopalan V P (Zoology Post Graduate Dep, Environmental Research Laboratory, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli-620 020) : Dissolved oxygen profile in the vicinity of thermal outfall of Madras atomic power station, Kalpakkam, east coast of India. Envir Geochem 2005, 8(1-2), 205-9.

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a fundamental requirement for the maintenance of life of aquatic organisms. The present investigation reports the spatial distribution of dissolved oxygen in Kalpakkam coast where Madras Atomic Power Plant (MAPS) discharges the thermal effluent. Monthly boat cruise were undertaken from August 2001 to March 2002 and sampling stations were marked using the Global ' Positioning System (GPS). Fifteen stations were fixed of which 12 were North of the MAPS intake jetty and 3 south of the jetty. The boat cruises covered an area of 2.5 km². The DO concentration measured in surface water ranged from 5.22 mg/L to 6.89 mg/L. The DO concentration was higher (5.52 - 6.89 mg/L) during Northeast monsoon (October to January) as compared to Southwest monsoon (June to September; 5.49 -6.59 mg/L). Further, measurement of DO levels at different depth indicated a higher level (5.76 to 6.58 mg/L) in shallow region (2 m depth) than deeper region (10m depth) (3.79 to 5.57 mg/L). It is observed that stations near to the mixing point recorded dissolved oxygen concentration ranging from 5.60 to 6.30 mg/L indicating no adverse impact of thermal discharge on the DO level and consequently on living organisms.

6 illus, 10 ref

001380   Gupta A (Zoology Dep, College of Basic Science & Humanities, O.U.A.T., Bhubaneshwar-751 003) : Cells of proximal parsdistalis of pituitary gland in relation to gonadal cycle in freshwater Anabas testudineus. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2007, 27(1), 107-09.

Detailed studies were carried out on the cells of proximal parsdistalis of the pituitary gland of Anabas testudineus through out the year. Different cell types in the proximal parsdistalis were studied. Quantitative changes were observed in the cells as they are associated to the maturation of gonads of fish. It is concluded that the percentage to basophils is maximum with maximum secretory activity during the spawning period. It confirms the secretion of basophils is directly related with gonadal maturation.

1 table, 5 ref

001379   Ganganaik S;Jain R K;Pawan Kumar;Gupta A N (NO, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004) : Scanning electron microscopic studies on the nasal cavity of sheep (Ovis aries). Indian J Anim Sci 2007, 77(9), 878-9.

^ssc6 ref

001378   Gambhir R K;Chinglenkhomba A (Life Sciences Dep, Parasitology Lab., Manipur Univ, Canchipur-795 003) : New genus Protrellima of subfamily protrelloidinae (thelastomatidae : oxyuroidea) from Manipur. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2007, 27(1), 115-17.

New genus of Thelastomatidae viz. Protrellima gen. nov. is described from Manipur and its affinities are discussed. The genus belongs to the subfamily Protrelloidinae.

1 illus, 5 ref

001377   Gaikwad N L;Nandeshwar N C;Dalvi R S;Mainde U P;Nandeshwar M C (NO, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences Univ, Seminary Hills, Nagpur-440 006) : Histomorphological study on placentomes of goat (Capra hircus) and sheep (Ovis aries) during various phases of gestation. Indian J Anim Sci 2007, 77(9), 874-5.

^ssc6 illus, 6 ref

001376   Dhananjay Singh;Gupta R C (Zoology P.G. Dep, Hindu College, Moradabad, U.P.-24001) : Alteration in the enzyme secretory activity of Hepatopancreas of a freshwater snail, Pila globosa under the stress of azodyes. Himalayan J Envir Zool 2007, 21(1), 129-3.

Freshwater snail, Pila globosa were exposed to acute and chronic dose of azodyes (chrysophenine-G and direct deep black). After certain interval the activities of digestive enzyme such as amylase, protease and lipase were studied from the hepato-pancreas in azodyes exposed snails. The decrease in enzyme activity indicate poor secretion of amylase and lipase by the digestive gland which may be due to damage caused by azodyes to the secretory cell of hepato-pancreas. The protease activity increased after azodyes stress which can be due to an increased lysosomal protease.

3 tables, 20 ref

001375   Dhananjay Singh;Gupta R C (Zoology P.G.Dep, Hindu College, Moradabad-124 001) : Alteration in urea and ammonia level in different tissues of a freshwater snail, Pila globosa under the stress of azodyes. Himalayan J Envir Zool 2007, 21(1), 125-8.

Freshwater snail, Pila globosa were exposed to acute and chronic doses of both azodyes (chrysophenine-G and direct deep black). After certain intervals the level of urea and ammonia were studies in the foot, mantle and hepatopancreas of Pila globosa. The contents of urea and ammonia are elevated in the three tissue of azodyes exposed snails. The elevation in urea level was more significant in hepatopancreas than mantle and foot.

2 tables, 16 ref

001374   Dhal B K;Patro B N;Rao P K;Panda P (NO, Orissa Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneshwar-351 003) : Khariar cattle-an indigenous germplasm of Nuapada in the undivided Kalahandi district of Orissa. Indian J Anim Sci 2007, 77(9), 889-93.

Study on performance of 837 Khariar cattle of Nuapada district of Orissa showed that these animals were short in height, have compact body, concave forehead, short head and long tail. The average body length, height at withers, height at croup and chest girth were 106.84±0.44, 105.40±0.22, 103.15±0.20 and 130.41±0.87 cm in males and 94.49±0.20, 90.85±0.24, 89.12±0.24 and 115.44±0.40 cm in females. The adult body weight was 171.67±2.68 and 123.67±1.01 kg in males and females respectively. The average age at first calving, service service period and calving interval were 1540.99±4.29m 238.37±1.73, and 510.97±2.64 days. The cows yield on an average 980.17±22.79 ml of milk/day in a lactation length of 281.20±2.03 days with a fat of 4.92%. The bullocks are major source of drought power for the resource poor tribal farmers. The load carrying capacity of a pair of bullocks was 1171.10±18.06 kg with a speed of 3367±68.21 m/h in plain pucca road and 2428.0±52.24 m/h in undulated kutcha road. The heritability estimates for production, reproduction and conformation traits were medium to high. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between different traits were also estimated.

4 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref

001373   Deepananda K H M A;Desilva W A J P;Gajamange D (Zoology Dep, Faculty of Science, Ruhuna Univ, Matara-81000, Sri Lanka, Email: ashoka@zoo.ruh.ac.lk) : Pseudodiaptomus annandalei (copepoda: pseudodiaptomidae) from coastal waters of Sri Lanka. Zoos Print J 2007, 22(11), 2878-80.

Demersal cepepod, Pseudodiaptomus annandalei Sewell, 1919 is reported for the first time from the plankton samples collected from coastal waters of southern Sri Lanka during August 2004 to January 2005. These new data together with existing data on distribution of the P. annandalei indicate that it has the largest geographical ranges for Indo-Pacific pseiidodiaptomids.

2 illus, 5 ref

001372   Bisht H C S;Kumar S;Bisht R (Zoology Dep, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaon Univ, Nainital-263 002) : Influence of eye stalk ablation and the injection of the extracts of brain and thoracic ganglion and the gonadal development in freshwater female prawan, Macrobrachium assamensis peninsularis (Tiwari). Himalayan J Envir Zool 2007, 21(1), 21-7.

Macrobrachium assamensis peninsularis is a "minor prawn species" having potential for its commercial culture in Kumaon region by adopting eyestalk ablation technique for artificial seed production. Bilateral eyestalk ablation in this species induces precocious development of ovaries leading to almost mature condition. Precocious ovarian development has also been observed by repeated injections of brain extract but the degree of effect is more following eyestalk ablation. The results of the experiments have been evaluated on the basis of changes in gonadosomatic index, mean oocyte diameter and histological examination of ovaries.

6 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

001371   Arvind Kumar;Singh P P;Kaushal Kumar (Zoology Dep, J V College, Baraut-250 611) : Susceptibility status of Xenopsylla cheopis and Xenopsylla astia to malanthion. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 2007, 27(1), 123-5.

Toxicity of malathion was tested on two species of rat fleas namely Xenopsylla cheopis and X. astia in Distt Baghpat of Western Uttar Pradesh. The fleas were exposed for one hour. The mortality of 82.15% was recorded in X. cheopis and 85.71% in X. astia. Males of both the species showed more sensitivity to insecticide than females.

2 tables, 7 ref

001370   Anoop Kumar;Roy K S;Sood N K (NO, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab-141 004) : Histomorphogenesis of spleen in the Indian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Indian J Anim Sci 2007, 77(6), 452-4.

The study was conducted on spleen from 14 buffalo foetuses age ranging from 51-323 days of gestation, i.e. 5.0-110.6 cm crown rump length (CRL) at 51-day of foetal life. The splenic capsule was lined by simple squamousto low cuboidal epithelium. Immature collagen fibres were observed in the capsule at 74 days of foetal age. The thickness of the capsule and the trabeculae increased with advancement of age. The capsule and trabeculae became fibro-muscular by 166 days. The reticular fibres were appreciable in 90-day foetuses in capsule and trabeculae. In older foetuses reticular fibres were observed more frequently in capsule, trabeculae and around the white pulp. Initially the splenic sinuses were usually found empty but occasionally cells belonging to erythropoietic and lymphopoietic series could be observed. Differentiation of red and white pulp began in 90-days old foetal spleen but clear-cut differentiation was seen at 158 days foetal age. Mature lymphocytes in periarterial lymphocytic sheaths (PALS) were observed in the foetuses of 323 days. At this age, reticular cells, erythrocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages, granulocytes and megakaryocytes were frequently observed in splenic pulp. The increase in proportion of white pulp was more as compared to red pulp with increase in foetal age.

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001369   Akhtar R;Jyoti M K (Zoology Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu) : Seasonal trend in physico-chemical parameters of Shalimar pond (man-made concrete pond) located in Kishtwar, district Doda, J&K state. Himalayan J Envir Zool 2007, 21(1), 41-5.

Presents a brief analysis of various physico-chemical parameters of an artificial concrete pond named as Shalimar pond. This pond is located about 6 Kms away from main town of Kishtwar of Distt. Doda and lies at an altitude of 4900 feet, having an area of 1000 sq feet. The pond is maintained and managed by State fisheries Department.

1 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref

001368   Ahsan J;Saif S;Bibha Kumari (Zoology G. Dep, A. N. College, Patna-800 013) : Liver and muscle glycogen content in selected air-breathing and non air-breathing Indian teleosts. Mendel int J 2006, 23(3-4), 133-4.

Quantitative estimation of liver and muscle glycogen content in selected air and non air-breathing Indian teleosts - revealed that air-breathing fishes contains more amount of glycogen as compared to non air- breath ing. fishes and female fishes have relatively higher deposition of glycogen than male during pre breeding season.

8 ref

001367   Agarwal N K;Thapliyal B L (Zoology Dep, Fish Reproductive Biology Research Lab., H.N.B. Garhwal University Campus, Badshahithaul-249 199, Email: agarwalnareshk@rediffmail.com) : Pre-impoundment hydrobiological study of the Bhilangana river from Tehri dam reservoir area in Uttaranchal. Envir Geochem 2005, 8(1-2), 143-8.

Pre-impoundment hydro-biological features of the River Bhilangana were studied for two consecutive years (during January 1999 to December 2000). In general, the physico-chemical parameters of the river were very conducive for aquatic productivity. The parameters studied included water temperature, water velocity, dissolved oxygen, free CO₂, pH, alkalinity, turbidity, phytoplanktons and aquatic insects. The observations-revealed that the temperature of river water ranged from 10.00 to 19.67øC, water velocity from 0.50 to 2.13 m/sec., dissolved oxygen from 6.90 to 10.63 ppm, free CO₂ from 1.37 to 3.13 ppm, pH ranged 7.47 to 8.40, alkalinity from 3.07 to 13.00 ppm, turbidity from 3.67 to 395.00 NTU, phytoplanktons from 888.0 to 13296.0 units/ litre and aquatic insects ranged from 6.9 to 368.0 Nos./sq. feet. Seasonal fluctuation in the physico-chemical parameters as well as density of phytoplanktons and aquatic insects were also observed.

2 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

000336   Suryawanshi G D (Zoology Dep, Vogeshwari Mahavidyalaya, Ambejogai-431 517) : Accumulation and depuration of cadmium in oyster Crassostrea cattuckensis from Bhatye estuary in Ratnagiri coast. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2006, 5(4), 569-74.

Oysters (Crassostrea cattuckensis) were exposed to sublethal levels of cadmium for 15 days and 30 days for metal accumulation. The metal exposed oysters to 0.10 and 0.38 ppm concentrations showed increased metal content (P <60> 0.001) in all their body parts when compared to control. The accumulation rate upon 15-day of exposure in both the concentrations was from gill (158.16%, 158.12%), hepatopancreas (129.12%, 133.92%). siphon (106.64%, 117.72%), mantle (95.8%, 108.52%), gonad (91.48%, 77.76%) and adductor muscle (39.12%, 51.48%) respectively. Upon 30-day exposure the accumulation rate in 0.10 ppm was in siphon (144.28%), gill (136.24%), hepatopancreas (123.48%), mantle (99.8%), gonad (78.36%) and adductor muscle (54.56), while in 0.38 ppm it was in gill (145.48%), mantle (128.44%), hepatopancreas (127.56%), siphon (121.52%), gonad (79.48%) and adductor muscle (54.36%). The depuration of metal in normal seawater over a period of 15 days was significant when compared with the oysters exposed to cadmium for 15 days. The metal depuration rate in 0.10 ppm was from gonad (72.98%), mantle (42.59%), gill (36.90%). siphon (25.86%) and hepatopancreas (19.7%) but slightly increased (20.86%) in adductor muscle even in depuration period. However, in 0.38 ppm the depuration rate was from mantle (92.04%). gonad (65.49%). adductor muscle (31.78%). gill (14.04%) but the level increased in hepatopancreas (10.34%) and siphon (5.78%) even during depuration.

1 table, 20 ref

000335   Sukumaran P K (CIFRI Reservoir Fisheries Div, , Hesserghatta Lake Post, Bangalore-560 089) : Benthic and littoral fauna of a perennial tank in Bangalore. Envir Ecol 2006, 24S(2), 345-51.

Study was undertaken in Lalbagh tank for two years to understand both the benthic and littoral fauna with a view to elucidate the energy transformations through the trophic levels. The difference of counts between the stations was not significant. Two numerical peaks of benthic fauna were observed in January-February and the other one in September. The variations in the counts of littoral fauna between stations were significant at 5%. The density of littoral fauna was more in station 3 might be due to the presence of macrophytes. The aquatic insects and its larvae were dominant groups in all the stations. An inverse relation between the littoral and bottom fauna with regard to both biomass and counts were observed. The population succession from the benthic to littoral zone with reference to the environmental conditions is discussed in this paper.

2 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

000334   Srivastava N;Mukhopadhyay A (Zoology Dep, North Bengal University, Siliguri-734 013) : Life cycle and bioecological studies of Gazalina chrysolopha Kollar (Lepidoptera: notodontidae), attacking major sahde tree, Alnus nepalensis D.Don. of large cardamon agroforestry of Sikkim with an annotated list of insect fauna common to both the plants. J Hill Res 2006, 19(2), 59-64.

Caterpillar of Gazalina chrysolopha, a major defoliator of the shade tree of large cardamom, had five larval instars. The mean duration of egg, larval, and pupal stages lasted for 60.5, 165.5 and 35.5 days respectively. Total life cycle was completed in 265.5 days. 4th and 5th instars caused maximum damage to the foliage. 13 species of insect herbivores belonging to 5 orders were found common to large cardamom and its shade tree, Alnus nepalensis.

1 illus, 4 tables, 6 ref

000333   Sharma B;Reen S K (Zoology Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu-180 006) : Distribution and host records of butterfly of Jammu region of J&K state. Himalayan J Envir Zool 2006, 20(2), 273-5.

1 table, 15 ref

000332   Rajpurohit R S;Rajpurohit L S (Animal Behaviour Unit, Zool Dep,Faculty of Science, J.N.V. Univ, Jodhpur-342 005) : Conflicts and reconciliation during weaning in hanuman langur, Semnopithecus entellus. Himalayan J Envir Zool 2006, 20(2), 169-73.

In this nonhuman primate species Semnopithecus entellus the indifferent and hostile behaviour of mother during weaning process towards their suckling infants like not allowing them on their laps, depriving and pushing them of hold nipple, biting and hitting them away, and ignore their approach are the behaviours which are an indication of beginning the weaning process, and , such hostile behaviours which is an indication of beginning the weaning process, and such hostile behaviours are some of the important mother-infant conflicts. The day on which such behavioural repertoires are observed repeatedly, the weaning phase sets in. In this species as per the present study suggests that the weaning starts between 7.2 to 9.5 months of age, average 8.4 months. The process is over after the duration of about 3.9 to 4.5 months period, average 4.4 and 13.2 months old infant is fully weaned. Data further suggest that male infants are weaned earlier compared to females. And male infants react their mother's rejection more fearlessly and are more vocal.

1 table, 18 ref

000331   Pathani S S;Joshi S K (Zoology Dep, S.S.J. Campus, Kumaun Univ, Almora-263 601) : Histological and histochemical studies of the ovicular cycle of a hill stream teleost, Botia almorhae (Day). Himalayan J Envir Zool 2006, 20(2), 175-90.

Seasonal histological and histochemical changes in the ovary of the Chital fish , Botia almorhae of Kumaun Himalaya, India were studied for two years (2000 and 2001). These studies show that ovary of the fish is 'asynchronous type. Seasonal changes in histomorphology and histochemistry in the ovary show resting, early maturing, advance maturing, mature, spawning and spent phases. Nine (O1-O9) stages of oocytes in the ovary of the fish were distinctly identified. Similarly, the histochemical changes in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids in the ovicular cycle, seasonal cycle, discharge follicle, atretic follicles and origin of oocytes have been discussed.

14 illus, 4 tables, 33 ref

000330   Pandey S K;Singh P B;Rizwi A H (NO, Degree College, Jaunpur-222 001) : Effects of sex steroids, progestagens and its conjugate hormones on germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) during late prespawning phase in the cattish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). J Ecophysiol occup Hlth 2006, 6(1-2), 61-5.

Effect of unconjugated and conjugated progestagens and other steroids hormones on germinal vesicle breakdown (G VBD) were investigated in vitro using oocytes of stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). In general, all tested unconjugated hormones 17α20αP, 17α20,αP and 17,20β21-P as well as 11-deoxycortisol were found effective for G VBD. Amongst all tested concentrations recorded 72ñ5 % of GVBD by 11-deoxycortisol, 69±3 % by 17α20βPand 63±2 % by17,20β21'-Pat 1.0μg/ml of these hormones. Increase in concentrations of these hormones by 10.0 μg/ml, % of GVBD was reduced. 17α20αP was recorded to induce GVBD but less magnitude of its epimer. Conjugated forms of steroid hormones were effective in inducing G VBD at higher dose but less in their magnitude of induction. There were no effects of T and E₂ on G VBD in this species. Our result indicates that conjugated form of steroids were effective in GVBD at higher dose level and among unconjugated (free) progestagen hormones (17α20αP, 17 α20,αP, 17,20β,21-P and 11-deoxycortisol), the 11-deoxycortisol was the most effective on GVBD in vitro study.

2 tables, 19 ref

000329   Pandey P K;Dhotre D P;Dharne M S;Khadse A N; Hiremath U I;Chaudhari R D;Patole M S;Shouche Y S (NO, National Centre for Cell Science, University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, Email: yogesh@nccs.res.in) : Evaluation of mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene in the identification of Panthera pardus fusca (Meyer, 1794) from field-collected scat samples in the Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India. Curr Sci 2007, 92(8), 1129-33.

Use of scat samples in species identification of Indian leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) was examined from captivity and field areas. A total of 59 samples were collected from both captivity (n = 17) and field (n = 42) areas. All the scat samples were processed for DNA extraction followed by PCR amplification and then sequenced for 355 nucleotides in 128 mitochondrial DNA region. Phylogenetic affiliation of the 12S rRNA gene sequences was determined using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods, which produced uniform topologies. Further, the divergence time of western Indian leopard from African leopard (P. pardus) using Bayesian parameter was estimated to be 162,000-246,000 years. Suggests that scat samples collected from the field can be used as a reliable, non-invasive and easy source of DNA for species identification and for demarcation of the territories of species under consideration, to prevent possible human interference and subsequently reducing the chances of the human-animal conflict.

^ssc3 illus, 1 table, 36 ref

000328   Kulkarni B G;Mohammed F A;Kupekar S S;Pandey A K (Zoology Dep, Institute of Science, 15 Madam Cama Road, Mumbai-400 032) : Biochemical alterations in muscles of Periplanata americana induced by sublethal administration of cypermethrin, carbaryl and monocrotophos. J Ecophysiol occup Hlth 2006, 6(1-2), 51-6.

Periplanata americana were administered sublethal dose (less than the LD₅₀ value for 96 hours) of cypermethrin (2. Ox 10^-3μg), carbaryl (5. Ox 10^-2μg) and monocrotophos (1.8x10^-1μg) for 24 and 98 hours. The treatments invariably induced depletion of glycogen content in thoracic and coxal muscles suggesting increased glycogenolysis. Increased level of lactic acid as compared to pyruvic acid in treated cockroaches suggests the severe respiratory stress under the given insecticidal treatments. Increase in both pyruvic and lactic acid contents in muscles indicates that the treated insects are resorting to both aerobic as well as anaerobic respiration in stressful conditions. There was significant depletion in protein content in muscle and nerve cord, probably due to increased proteolysis.

4 tables, 29 ref

000327   Gupta Y C;Pradip Kumar;Tiwari V;Tiwari S (Zoology Dep, B.S.A. College, Mathura-281 004) : Identification and comparison of four species of honey bee present in India. Himalayan J Envir Zool 2006, 20(2), 279-81.

1 table, 4 ref

000326   Gadre K M (NO, Karnataka Veterinary Animal Fishery Sciences Univ, Bidar (Karnataka)) : Quick method of preparation of animal and bird skeleton. Indian J Anim Sci 2007, 77(3), 245-6.

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000325   Dhiman S C;Kumkum (Zoology Dep, Entomology Research Lab, M.S. College, Sahranpur-247 001, Email: kumkum_rajput14@hotmail.com) : Morphological and biochemical effects on gonads of Leptocoris augur parasitised by Hexamermis vishwakarma. Ann Pl Prot Sci 2006, 14(2), 384-09.

Hexamermis vishwakarma was found in the haemocoel of host bug, Leptocoris augur required. lysing enzymes for its development and biochemical, physiological, morphological and behavioural-changes occurred. Size of gonads was greatly reduced, ducts(vasa-deferentia & oviducts) and ovarioles did not contain any mature ovum. Germarium of each ovariole was also reduced. The level of total proteins, lipids and glucose in the haemolymph was found very low. However, cholesterol level in parasitized bug was observed to be high. H. vishwakarma caused sterility in the male and female bugs by parasitism due to which no egg production was observed. After emergence from the body of the host bug, the host bug died within 10-15 minutes causing cent-percent mortality of the host.

4 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

000324   Choudhary S;Singh D K (Zoology Dep, L. S. College, Muzaffarpur-812 001) : Food of some common fishes of Birganj (Nepal). Envir Ecol 2006, 24S(2), 345-7.

On the basis of the gut content analysis, the food fishes of Birganj (Nepal) were broadly divided into three groups, the surface, the mid and the bottom feeders. The present study showed that catla catla is an omnivorous and surface feeder, Labeo rohita is her bivorous and mid-feeder, Wallago attu is a highly predatory carnivorous mid-surface feeder, Cirrhinus mrigala is herbivorous and bottom feeder, Heteropneustes fossilis is carnivorous and bottom feeder and Channa punctatus is carnivorous and bottom feeder. Food spectrum of fishes varies in different seasons, depending upon the availability of food supply.

2 tables, 12 ref

000323   Bhakta J N (Zoology Dep, Kalyani Univ, Kalyani-741 235, Email: isnjbhakta@rediffmail.com) : Nutrient value of excreta of some freshwater fish species. Envir Ecol 2006, 24S(2), 370-4.

Experiment was performed using aquariums lor determining the nutrient efficiency of excreta of some freshwater fish species of two weight classes. Fishes (low weight class, 5 ± 0.2 g and high weight class, 15 ± 0.5 g) such as catla. (Catla catla), bata (Labeo bata), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and tilapia (Oreochromis mossambica) were procured from a local fish farm, acclimatized for a week and introduced into the aquarium at two fish/aquarium and according to fish species the treatments were called as CT, BT, CC, SC and TP. Water quality parameters and bacterial population were examined every day. There was a significant difference in the concentrations of orthosphate, ammonium-N and nitrate-N in different treatments and exhibited the following order of variations : CT<62>SC<62>CC<62>BT<62>TP in both LWC and HWC. A distinct concentration increase of all nutrients over control was due to direct introduction of fish which implied that fecal matter released by fish, might be an effective nutrient resource in the fish culture ponds. Further, the fecal matter nutrient potentiality of catla may be maximum among the five species of freshwater fishes when cultured together in aquaculture ponds.

2 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

000322   Bahuguna S N;Rayal R (Zool Dep, Garhwal Univ, Post Box-70 H.N.B. Srinagar Garhwal-246 174) : Morpho-histological study of the brain in Schizothorax plagiostomus (Heckel) larvae with special reference to its feeding habit. Himalayan J Envir Zool 2006, 20(2), 231-5.

Deals with the morpho-histological study of the brain in S. plagiostomus (Heckel) larvae with special reference to its feeding habit. During the present study, it is observed that brain center concerned with activeness (corpus cerebelli) and vision (optic lobe, optic tectum; torus longitudinalis etc) are well developed. The optic lobes are large, observed with optic tectum, which is thick on posterior side and consists of different layers of nerve cells. Torus longitudinalis is better developed in front and extend behind up to the center of lobe. Cerebellum is also well developed and appears to be the maintenance of body posture during swimming by coordinating muscular activities. Medulla shows small facial and vagal lobes.

4 illus, 24 ref

000321   Aggarwal R A K;Dixit S P;Verma N K;Ahlawat S P S;Kumar Y;Kumar S;Chander R;Singh K P (NO, National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal-132 001, Email: rajeev@nbagr.ernet.in) : Population genetics analysis of Mehsana goat based on microsatellite markers. Curr Sci 2007, 92(8), 1133-7.

Genetic variation at 25 microsatellite loci was examined in Mehsana goats of Gujarat, which contribute significantly to the economy of small farmers by providing milk and meat. Estimation of effective number of alleles and gene diversity frequently observed in microsatellite markers revealed substantial genetic variation. The mean number of observed alleles per microsatellite marker was 12.28 and that of effective alleles was 6.23. The average observed and expected heterozygosity values were 0.652 and 0.765 respectively. The mean polymorphic information content value (0.724) further reflected high level of polymorphism across the loci. Within-population inbreeding estimate (F_is = 0.156) showed moderate level of inbreeding, which warranted adoption of appropriate breeding strategies under field conditions. The high level of genetic variability, however, suggested the scope for further genetic improvement of Mehsana goats. The information genªerated in this work may be utilized for studying differentiation and relationships among different Indian goat breeds.

^ssc3 tables, 17 ref

000336   Suryawanshi G D (Zoology Dep, Vogeshwari Mahavidyalaya, Ambejogai-431 517) : Accumulation and depuration of cadmium in oyster Crassostrea cattuckensis from Bhatye estuary in Ratnagiri coast. Nat Envir Pollut Technol 2006, 5(4), 569-74.

Oysters (Crassostrea cattuckensis) were exposed to sublethal levels of cadmium for 15 days and 30 days for metal accumulation. The metal exposed oysters to 0.10 and 0.38 ppm concentrations showed increased metal content (P <60> 0.001) in all their body parts when compared to control. The accumulation rate upon 15-day of exposure in both the concentrations was from gill (158.16%, 158.12%), hepatopancreas (129.12%, 133.92%). siphon (106.64%, 117.72%), mantle (95.8%, 108.52%), gonad (91.48%, 77.76%) and adductor muscle (39.12%, 51.48%) respectively. Upon 30-day exposure the accumulation rate in 0.10 ppm was in siphon (144.28%), gill (136.24%), hepatopancreas (123.48%), mantle (99.8%), gonad (78.36%) and adductor muscle (54.56), while in 0.38 ppm it was in gill (145.48%), mantle (128.44%), hepatopancreas (127.56%), siphon (121.52%), gonad (79.48%) and adductor muscle (54.36%). The depuration of metal in normal seawater over a period of 15 days was significant when compared with the oysters exposed to cadmium for 15 days. The metal depuration rate in 0.10 ppm was from gonad (72.98%), mantle (42.59%), gill (36.90%). siphon (25.86%) and hepatopancreas (19.7%) but slightly increased (20.86%) in adductor muscle even in depuration period. However, in 0.38 ppm the depuration rate was from mantle (92.04%). gonad (65.49%). adductor muscle (31.78%). gill (14.04%) but the level increased in hepatopancreas (10.34%) and siphon (5.78%) even during depuration.

1 table, 20 ref

000335   Sukumaran P K (CIFRI Reservoir Fisheries Div, , Hesserghatta Lake Post, Bangalore-560 089) : Benthic and littoral fauna of a perennial tank in Bangalore. Envir Ecol 2006, 24S(2), 345-51.

Study was undertaken in Lalbagh tank for two years to understand both the benthic and littoral fauna with a view to elucidate the energy transformations through the trophic levels. The difference of counts between the stations was not significant. Two numerical peaks of benthic fauna were observed in January-February and the other one in September. The variations in the counts of littoral fauna between stations were significant at 5%. The density of littoral fauna was more in station 3 might be due to the presence of macrophytes. The aquatic insects and its larvae were dominant groups in all the stations. An inverse relation between the littoral and bottom fauna with regard to both biomass and counts were observed. The population succession from the benthic to littoral zone with reference to the environmental conditions is discussed in this paper.

2 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

000334   Srivastava N;Mukhopadhyay A (Zoology Dep, North Bengal University, Siliguri-734 013) : Life cycle and bioecological studies of Gazalina chrysolopha Kollar (Lepidoptera: notodontidae), attacking major sahde tree, Alnus nepalensis D.Don. of large cardamon agroforestry of Sikkim with an annotated list of insect fauna common to both the plants. J Hill Res 2006, 19(2), 59-64.

Caterpillar of Gazalina chrysolopha, a major defoliator of the shade tree of large cardamom, had five larval instars. The mean duration of egg, larval, and pupal stages lasted for 60.5, 165.5 and 35.5 days respectively. Total life cycle was completed in 265.5 days. 4th and 5th instars caused maximum damage to the foliage. 13 species of insect herbivores belonging to 5 orders were found common to large cardamom and its shade tree, Alnus nepalensis.

1 illus, 4 tables, 6 ref

000333   Sharma B;Reen S K (Zoology Dep, Jammu Univ, Jammu-180 006) : Distribution and host records of butterfly of Jammu region of J&K state. Himalayan J Envir Zool 2006, 20(2), 273-5.

1 table, 15 ref

000332   Rajpurohit R S;Rajpurohit L S (Animal Behaviour Unit, Zool Dep,Faculty of Science, J.N.V. Univ, Jodhpur-342 005) : Conflicts and reconciliation during weaning in hanuman langur, Semnopithecus entellus. Himalayan J Envir Zool 2006, 20(2), 169-73.

In this nonhuman primate species Semnopithecus entellus the indifferent and hostile behaviour of mother during weaning process towards their suckling infants like not allowing them on their laps, depriving and pushing them of hold nipple, biting and hitting them away, and ignore their approach are the behaviours which are an indication of beginning the weaning process, and , such hostile behaviours which is an indication of beginning the weaning process, and such hostile behaviours are some of the important mother-infant conflicts. The day on which such behavioural repertoires are observed repeatedly, the weaning phase sets in. In this species as per the present study suggests that the weaning starts between 7.2 to 9.5 months of age, average 8.4 months. The process is over after the duration of about 3.9 to 4.5 months period, average 4.4 and 13.2 months old infant is fully weaned. Data further suggest that male infants are weaned earlier compared to females. And male infants react their mother's rejection more fearlessly and are more vocal.

1 table, 18 ref

000331   Pathani S S;Joshi S K (Zoology Dep, S.S.J. Campus, Kumaun Univ, Almora-263 601) : Histological and histochemical studies of the ovicular cycle of a hill stream teleost, Botia almorhae (Day). Himalayan J Envir Zool 2006, 20(2), 175-90.

Seasonal histological and histochemical changes in the ovary of the Chital fish , Botia almorhae of Kumaun Himalaya, India were studied for two years (2000 and 2001). These studies show that ovary of the fish is 'asynchronous type. Seasonal changes in histomorphology and histochemistry in the ovary show resting, early maturing, advance maturing, mature, spawning and spent phases. Nine (O1-O9) stages of oocytes in the ovary of the fish were distinctly identified. Similarly, the histochemical changes in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids in the ovicular cycle, seasonal cycle, discharge follicle, atretic follicles and origin of oocytes have been discussed.

14 illus, 4 tables, 33 ref

000330   Pandey S K;Singh P B;Rizwi A H (NO, Degree College, Jaunpur-222 001) : Effects of sex steroids, progestagens and its conjugate hormones on germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) during late prespawning phase in the cattish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). J Ecophysiol occup Hlth 2006, 6(1-2), 61-5.

Effect of unconjugated and conjugated progestagens and other steroids hormones on germinal vesicle breakdown (G VBD) were investigated in vitro using oocytes of stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). In general, all tested unconjugated hormones 17α20αP, 17α20,αP and 17,20β21-P as well as 11-deoxycortisol were found effective for G VBD. Amongst all tested concentrations recorded 72ñ5 % of GVBD by 11-deoxycortisol, 69±3 % by 17α20βPand 63±2 % by17,20β21'-Pat 1.0μg/ml of these hormones. Increase in concentrations of these hormones by 10.0 μg/ml, % of GVBD was reduced. 17α20αP was recorded to induce GVBD but less magnitude of its epimer. Conjugated forms of steroid hormones were effective in inducing G VBD at higher dose but less in their magnitude of induction. There were no effects of T and E₂ on G VBD in this species. Our result indicates that conjugated form of steroids were effective in GVBD at higher dose level and among unconjugated (free) progestagen hormones (17α20αP, 17 α20,αP, 17,20β,21-P and 11-deoxycortisol), the 11-deoxycortisol was the most effective on GVBD in vitro study.

2 tables, 19 ref

000329   Pandey P K;Dhotre D P;Dharne M S;Khadse A N; Hiremath U I;Chaudhari R D;Patole M S;Shouche Y S (NO, National Centre for Cell Science, University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, Email: yogesh@nccs.res.in) : Evaluation of mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene in the identification of Panthera pardus fusca (Meyer, 1794) from field-collected scat samples in the Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India. Curr Sci 2007, 92(8), 1129-33.

Use of scat samples in species identification of Indian leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) was examined from captivity and field areas. A total of 59 samples were collected from both captivity (n = 17) and field (n = 42) areas. All the scat samples were processed for DNA extraction followed by PCR amplification and then sequenced for 355 nucleotides in 128 mitochondrial DNA region. Phylogenetic affiliation of the 12S rRNA gene sequences was determined using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods, which produced uniform topologies. Further, the divergence time of western Indian leopard from African leopard (P. pardus) using Bayesian parameter was estimated to be 162,000-246,000 years. Suggests that scat samples collected from the field can be used as a reliable, non-invasive and easy source of DNA for species identification and for demarcation of the territories of species under consideration, to prevent possible human interference and subsequently reducing the chances of the human-animal conflict.

^ssc3 illus, 1 table, 36 ref

000328   Kulkarni B G;Mohammed F A;Kupekar S S;Pandey A K (Zoology Dep, Institute of Science, 15 Madam Cama Road, Mumbai-400 032) : Biochemical alterations in muscles of Periplanata americana induced by sublethal administration of cypermethrin, carbaryl and monocrotophos. J Ecophysiol occup Hlth 2006, 6(1-2), 51-6.

Periplanata americana were administered sublethal dose (less than the LD₅₀ value for 96 hours) of cypermethrin (2. Ox 10^-3μg), carbaryl (5. Ox 10^-2μg) and monocrotophos (1.8x10^-1μg) for 24 and 98 hours. The treatments invariably induced depletion of glycogen content in thoracic and coxal muscles suggesting increased glycogenolysis. Increased level of lactic acid as compared to pyruvic acid in treated cockroaches suggests the severe respiratory stress under the given insecticidal treatments. Increase in both pyruvic and lactic acid contents in muscles indicates that the treated insects are resorting to both aerobic as well as anaerobic respiration in stressful conditions. There was significant depletion in protein content in muscle and nerve cord, probably due to increased proteolysis.

4 tables, 29 ref

000327   Gupta Y C;Pradip Kumar;Tiwari V;Tiwari S (Zoology Dep, B.S.A. College, Mathura-281 004) : Identification and comparison of four species of honey bee present in India. Himalayan J Envir Zool 2006, 20(2), 279-81.

1 table, 4 ref

000326   Gadre K M (NO, Karnataka Veterinary Animal Fishery Sciences Univ, Bidar (Karnataka)) : Quick method of preparation of animal and bird skeleton. Indian J Anim Sci 2007, 77(3), 245-6.

ref

000325   Dhiman S C;Kumkum (Zoology Dep, Entomology Research Lab, M.S. College, Sahranpur-247 001, Email: kumkum_rajput14@hotmail.com) : Morphological and biochemical effects on gonads of Leptocoris augur parasitised by Hexamermis vishwakarma. Ann Pl Prot Sci 2006, 14(2), 384-09.

Hexamermis vishwakarma was found in the haemocoel of host bug, Leptocoris augur required. lysing enzymes for its development and biochemical, physiological, morphological and behavioural-changes occurred. Size of gonads was greatly reduced, ducts(vasa-deferentia & oviducts) and ovarioles did not contain any mature ovum. Germarium of each ovariole was also reduced. The level of total proteins, lipids and glucose in the haemolymph was found very low. However, cholesterol level in parasitized bug was observed to be high. H. vishwakarma caused sterility in the male and female bugs by parasitism due to which no egg production was observed. After emergence from the body of the host bug, the host bug died within 10-15 minutes causing cent-percent mortality of the host.

4 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

000324   Choudhary S;Singh D K (Zoology Dep, L. S. College, Muzaffarpur-812 001) : Food of some common fishes of Birganj (Nepal). Envir Ecol 2006, 24S(2), 345-7.

On the basis of the gut content analysis, the food fishes of Birganj (Nepal) were broadly divided into three groups, the surface, the mid and the bottom feeders. The present study showed that catla catla is an omnivorous and surface feeder, Labeo rohita is her bivorous and mid-feeder, Wallago attu is a highly predatory carnivorous mid-surface feeder, Cirrhinus mrigala is herbivorous and bottom feeder, Heteropneustes fossilis is carnivorous and bottom feeder and Channa punctatus is carnivorous and bottom feeder. Food spectrum of fishes varies in different seasons, depending upon the availability of food supply.

2 tables, 12 ref

000323   Bhakta J N (Zoology Dep, Kalyani Univ, Kalyani-741 235, Email: isnjbhakta@rediffmail.com) : Nutrient value of excreta of some freshwater fish species. Envir Ecol 2006, 24S(2), 370-4.

Experiment was performed using aquariums lor determining the nutrient efficiency of excreta of some freshwater fish species of two weight classes. Fishes (low weight class, 5 ± 0.2 g and high weight class, 15 ± 0.5 g) such as catla. (Catla catla), bata (Labeo bata), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and tilapia (Oreochromis mossambica) were procured from a local fish farm, acclimatized for a week and introduced into the aquarium at two fish/aquarium and according to fish species the treatments were called as CT, BT, CC, SC and TP. Water quality parameters and bacterial population were examined every day. There was a significant difference in the concentrations of orthosphate, ammonium-N and nitrate-N in different treatments and exhibited the following order of variations : CT<62>SC<62>CC<62>BT<62>TP in both LWC and HWC. A distinct concentration increase of all nutrients over control was due to direct introduction of fish which implied that fecal matter released by fish, might be an effective nutrient resource in the fish culture ponds. Further, the fecal matter nutrient potentiality of catla may be maximum among the five species of freshwater fishes when cultured together in aquaculture ponds.

2 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

000322   Bahuguna S N;Rayal R (Zool Dep, Garhwal Univ, Post Box-70 H.N.B. Srinagar Garhwal-246 174) : Morpho-histological study of the brain in Schizothorax plagiostomus (Heckel) larvae with special reference to its feeding habit. Himalayan J Envir Zool 2006, 20(2), 231-5.

Deals with the morpho-histological study of the brain in S. plagiostomus (Heckel) larvae with special reference to its feeding habit. During the present study, it is observed that brain center concerned with activeness (corpus cerebelli) and vision (optic lobe, optic tectum; torus longitudinalis etc) are well developed. The optic lobes are large, observed with optic tectum, which is thick on posterior side and consists of different layers of nerve cells. Torus longitudinalis is better developed in front and extend behind up to the center of lobe. Cerebellum is also well developed and appears to be the maintenance of body posture during swimming by coordinating muscular activities. Medulla shows small facial and vagal lobes.

4 illus, 24 ref