020280   Shanthi K;Joseph K;Manimegalai M (P G & Research Dep of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore-641 029) : Students on biochemical changes in the liver and kidney due to Sterling Biotech Limited industry effuent in fresh water fish, Labio rohita (Hamiton). Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2009, 16(1), 145-50.

The effect of Sterling Biotech Limited Industry effluent in fresh water fish, Labio rohitha has been discussed. The biochemical aspects like glycogen, total protein, total lipid, GOT, GPT and LDH were analyzed in the liver and kidney tissues in the considerable exposure periods. The level of glycogen, total protein and total lipid were decreased in the short exposure. Where as GOT, GPT and LDH were increased in both the short and long term exposure period.

4 tables, 19 ref

020279   Saradhamani N;Shanthi K;Manimegalai M;Binu Kumari S (PG and Research Zoology Dep, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore-641 029) : Efficacy of herbicide glyphosate on oxygen consumption of a fresh water fish, Catla catla. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2009, 16(1), 239-43.

The effect of a herbicide Glyphosate on the rate of oxygen consumption of a freshwater fish, Catla catla at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs of exposures in different concentrations (0.25 ppm, 0.35 ppm, 0.45 ppm, 0.55 ppm) was determined during bioassay study. An increased rate of oxygen consumption was observed in all the exposure periods. The reason may be due to the respiratory distress as a consequence of the impairment of oxidative metabolism.

1 table, 10 ref

020278   Samantaray B R;Khuntia C P;Das B K (Krishi Vigyan Kendra, OUAT, Sonepur-767 017, Email: brsamantaray@yahoo.co.in) : Antibacterial activity of crude mucus extracts of Ompok pabda against common bacterial fish pathogen. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(4A), 1657-9.

Aquaculture fanning gains its important due to its high demand, market price and export value, but this industry is facing a serious threat due to microbial diseases caused by opportunistic pathogens present in culture systems. Among the microorganisms causing serious losses, the best known are bacteria because of the devastating economic they have on affected farms. Use of antibiotics in disease control results in drug resistance among the pathogens. In the present study the use of crude mucus extract of Ompok pabda was performed to study the sensitivity of crude mucus toxin against common fish pathogens. Out of the bacteria tested the bacteria Proteus mirabilis showed the highest diameter of inhibition zone of 30 mm whereas Klebsiella pneumoniae showed the least diameter of inhibition zone of 10 mm.

1 table, 14 ref

020277   Sagandeep Kaur;Airi M;Tewari P K (Zoology Dep, DAV College, Sector 10, Chandigarh, Email: shagan_deep@htomail.com) : Intraspecific variations in three vector species of Culex vishnui subgroup (Diptera: Culicidae) based in male genitalia. Entomon 2009, 34(3), 123-35.

Three vector species of Japanese encephalitis viz., Culex vishnui Theobald, Cx. pseudovishnui Colless and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus Giles were found to show variations both in morphology and male genitalia. Variations occur on the lateral plate of phallosome of male genitalia with respect to the number and shape of finger-like structures on the inner division, sternal spine, mesal spine, lateral basal process and on the apical sternal spiculale portion. In addition to this, new morphological variations in other body parts were recognized.

3 illus, 3 tables, 14 ref

020276   Roy I;Gupta S K;Saha G K (Entomology and Wildlife Biology Research Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Calcutta Univ, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700 019, Email: indranilzoology@gmail.com) : Predatory mites of the genus Agistemus (Acari: stigmaeidae) from medicinal plants of West Bengal, India, with description of a new species. Entomon 2009, 34(3), 175-80.

New species of the genus Agistemus (Acari: Stigmaeidae) is recorded from West Bengal, India and described. New records of three species, viz., Agistemus edulis Gupta, A. flescheneri Summers and A. terminalis (Quayle) are also reported. A key is provided to separate Agistemus mites infesting medicinal plants in West Bengal.

1 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

020275   Rizvi A N;Mehta H S (Zoological Survey of India, Northern Regional Centre, Dehra Dun-248 195) : Significance of trophic diversity of soil nematodes. Ann For 2009, 17(2), 311-18.

Among soil mesofauna, nematode communities have the potential to provide insights into many soil processes and function. Nematodes occupy a central position in the soil food webs and play significant roles in biological processes such as nitrogen cycling and plant growth patterns. Therefore, treating nematodes to trophic rather than taxonomic groupings alone emphasizes the diverse habitats exploited and their roles in soil ecosystems. Nematodes occurring in fruit orchards, vegetables and crops in Uttarakhand are classified into trophic groupings and it was found that the most abundant trophic group belongs to plant-parasites followed by bacterivores, predators, omnivores and fungivores.

1 table, 32 ref

020274   Rishi Kumar;Jat S L;Pal V;Chauhan R (NO, Central Institute for Cotton Research, Regional Station, Sirsa-125 055, Email: rishipareek70@yahoo.co.in) : Biology of the mealy bug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Psuedococcidae) on cotton in India. Entomon 2009, 34(3), 189-92.

Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Psuedococcidae) reported on cotton in India in 2007 is an exotic species originally described from USA in 1898. The oblong shaped, wingless female of P. solenopsis laid eggs in uniformly secreted ovisac covered under its body. The mean number of ovisacs per female was 2.9. The mealy bug is a prolific breeder and produced a mean of 390.7 crawlers per female on cotton. The female has three nymphal instars whereas the male has two nymphal instars and a pupal stage (cocoon). The 1st and 2nd nymphal instars of male and female are indistinguishable. The 1st instar nymph (crawler) showed high motility and had no permanent feeding site. The mean total nymphal duration of male was 23 d and of female, 24.6 d. The mean longevity of male was 1.2 d and of female, 16.9 d. The population of P. solenopsis had a positive correlation with temperature.

1 table, 6 ref

020273   Reniprabha A;Thangavel S;Prabu M;Chitra D; Muralidharan S (Zoology Dep, Past Graduate Centre, D M Cillege of Science, Imphal) : Influence of Panchakavya on growth, mouting and biochemical conststuents in the larvae of dragonfly Macromia cingulata (Ramber) (Anisoptera : Corduliidae). Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2009, 16(1), 5-10.

Last three larval instars of M cingulata, collected from local breeding places and the self prepared Panchakavyam were used for the present study. Through static bioassays the LC 50/96 hour value was found to be 10%. As the larvae survived for the maximum of 35 days, the experimental observations were made on 10, 20 and 30 days of exposure which corresponds to the intermoult stages of control. After the exposure period, larvae were weighed, their morphometric data were analysed for growth and biochemical estimations were made. Moulting was found to be induced by panchakavya and there was no mortality in panchakavya-treated larvae. They exhibited growth pattern with the increase in body length and head width There was a significant increase in body weight There was an overall increase in biochemical constituents like total free amino acids, total proteins, total free sugars, glycogen content and total lipids. This could be due to the nutrients and the beneficial fermenting microbes present in the Panchakavya, which could enhance metabolism in the test larvae. The microbial diversity present in Panchakavya shows an interesting future avenue of research.

1 table, 23 ref

020272   Ranjan G (Zoology Dep, Tribhuvan Univ, T.R.M. Campus, Birganj, Nepal, Email: gautam_ranjan01@yahoo.co.in) : Seasonal variation of the zooplanktonic community of Turkaulia lake at district east champaran, Bihar. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(4A), 1760-2.

In the investigation zooplankton density was studied of Turkaulia lake, East Champaran, Bihar during July 2007 to Jute 2008. Eighteen species of zooplankton were recorded (rotifers 4 copepods 5 cladocerans 6, ostracods 1 and protozoans 2 species). The maximum density of zooplankton was recorded in December (386 units/liter) and minimum in July (165 units/liter). The variation in the number of zooplankton species is directly related with seasonal effects.

1 table, 7 ref

020271   Ramachandran P;Rajan M R;Jeyaraj N (Biology Dep, Gandhigram Rural Univ, Gandhigram-624 302) : Effect of different concentrations of vitamin E on biochemical composition and feed utilization of common carp. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(4A), 1882-4.

Four different feeds having different concentrations of vitamin E such as 0 (control), 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg were prepared by using fish meal, ground nut oil cake, wheat flour, tapioca powder. Proximate composition of different feeds was estimated. The condition factor (K) was estimated before and after the experiment. The effects of different concentrations of vitamin E on feed utilization parameters were studied in the common carp for a period of 30 days. Biochemical analysis of the fish such as protein, carbohydrate and lipid were analyzed before and after the experiment. Feed consumption and protein consumption were increased in feed 4 containing 400 mg of vit E. Feed conversion efficiency, protein consumption, protein efficiency ratio, growth, percentage growth, relative growth rate, assimilation and metabolism were high in feed 4. The gross and net growth efficiency were higher in feed 3 containing 300 mg of vit E. The protein and lipid content of the fish significantly increased when the concentration of vit E increased in the feeds. The carbohydrate content decreased with increasing concentrations of vitamin E.

4 tables, 8 ref

020270   Rai R;Jauhari R K (Zoology Dep, D A V (P.G.) College, Dehra Dun-248 001) : New record of a pulmonate snail, Physa acuta Draparnaud, 1805 (Gastropoda: Physidae) from Doon valley (Uttarakhand). Ann For 2009, 17(2), 293-7.

During the course of aquatic malacological survey between January, 2008 to December, 2008 in different localities of Doon-valley, a pulmonate snail Physa acuta belonging to family Physidae has been collected for the first time from Garhwal region. Physa acuta has been found to occur with Lymnaea species in aquatic habitats. Seasonal variation in size wise distribution of P. acuta has also been studied. The snails specimens ranged between 5 to 10 mm and showed highest abundance in all the four seasons viz., summer, monsoon, post monsoon and winter than other size groups.

3 illus, 14 ref

020269   Radhakrishnan S;Magitha Beevi A;Deepthi G R; Radhakrishnan T (Aquatic Biology & Fisheries Dep, Univ of Kerala, Karyavattom, Trivandrum, Kerala, Email: dr_srk_aqb@yahoo.co.in) : Philometra cephalus (nematoda) infection of the gonads of the long arm mullet Valamugil cunnesius histopathology. Indian J multidiscipl Res 2009, 5(1), 93-102.

The gonads of ihe long-arm mullet mullet. Valamugii ciamesms (Val.) harbours an infection by the dracunculid nematode, Philometra cephalus Ramachandran. Though P. cephalus was reported from Mugil cephalus about 33 years ago and the parasite was reported to cause serious harm to the gonads of its host so far no attempt has been made to study the histopathology of this infection. P. cephalus is highly host specific and it infects both the testes and ovary of V. cunnesius. All maturity stages of the ovary, except the immature, were infected by P. cephalus. The ripe and the spent stages were the most affected. In the testis, infection was noted in maturing, mature and ripe stages; ripe and maturing stages were the most affected. Histopathological changes in the ovary and testis of V. cunnesisus infected with P. cephalus were minimal. In the ovary and testis, the worms were found both on and in the organs. In some cases, the infection appeared to be so heavy and severe and serious that the whole interior of the goriads was practically filled with the parasite. Yet, the tissue damage, in its true sense, was very little. In the ovary, there was no evidence of even the slightest connective tissue reaction unlike it is usually in metazoan parasitic infection of various tissues of teleosts. In the infected testis, as in the ovary, testicular mass was replaced by the parasite mass. Seminiferous tubules in contact with the parasite body were atrophied but those in the other parts were normal in appearance. Further, tubules were ruptured and huge quantities of sperms were seen in between the body parts of the parasite; sperms were seen inside the body of the parasite also suggesting that the parasite feeds on testicular tissue.

25 illus, 30 ref

020268   Radhakrishnan;Radhakrishnan T;John L;Mumthaz T M V (Aquatic Biology and Fisheries Dep, Univ of Kerala, Karyavattom, Trivandrum, Kerela, Email: dr_srk_aqb@yahoo.co.in) : Do metazoan parasites elicit stress proteins in fishes?. Indian J multidiscipl Res 2009, 5(1), 69-76.

It is well established that all organisms exhibit heat-shock or stress response when exposed to heat shock or environmental stressors or pathophysiological conditions such as loss of blood flow (ischemia), fever, tissue injury and disease states. Factors like viral, bacterial and fungal infections elicit this sort of stress response in the host. It is also known that stress proteins may have a significant role in the life of parasites that alternate their life cycle between poikilothermic and homoeothermic hosts. The host as well as the parasite experience stress and each respond in a characteristic way, which may be the basis of the pathological consequences. Nevertheless, not even a casual attempt seems to have been made to study the molecular stress response of biological system towards attack by metazoan parasites. The present study has been the pioneering attempt in this direction on a 'fish host-metazoan parasite' system. The results of the present study unequivocally prove that metazoan parasites could elicit molecular stress response in teleosts, stress protein having been induced in the gill of Etroplus maculatus consequent on the infection by the poecilostomatous ectoparasitic copepod, Dermoergasilus amplectans (Dogiel et Akhmerov). The results open up a new avenue in the field of molecular stress response for further research-role of stress proteins in metazoan parasitic infection.

2 illus, 27 ref

020267   Pushpa R;Sundararaj R (Wood Biodegradation Div, Institute of Wood Science and Technology, 18th Cross Malleswaram, Bangalore-560 003, Email: rsundararaj@icfre.org) : Description of a new species of the genus Rhachisphora Quaintance & Baker (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) with a key of Indian species. Entomon 2009, 34(3), 167-74.

Whitefly genus Rhachisphora Quaintanee & Baker from India is reviewed and a new species Rhachisphora combiformis sp. nov. breeding on Persea macrantha is described and illustrated. A key to the Indian species of the genus is given.

4 illus, 14 ref

020266   Prathapan K D;Faizal M H;Anith K N (Entomology Dep, Kerala Agricultural Univ, Vellayani P O, Thiruvananthapuram-695 522, Email: prathapankd@gmail.com) : Cleonaria bicolor thomson (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): a new pest of Ixora. Entomon 2009, 34(3), 201-4.

The univoltine longhorn beetle Cleonaria bicolor Thomson is reported as a new pest of Ixora from India. Information on the natural history and host plants of C. bicolor is provided for the first time.

1 illus, 5 ref

020265   Pramanik M K;Raut S K (Ecology & Ethology Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Calcutta Univ, Kolkata-700 019) : Chironomid larvae inhibiting effectiveness of guppy in monitoring vector mosquito populations. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(4A), 1835-9.

Predacious fish guppies (Poecilia reticulata) are effective biological agents to control the vector mosquito populations round the globe. In municipality drains, though they are able to keep the density of vector mosquito populations in check, they failed to monitor the mosquito populations occurring in some drains of Kolkata where chironomid larvae are thriving at large, simultaneously, with the mosquito larvae. This compelled to have a clear data sheet on the rate of predation of guppy on the mosquito larvae and the chironomid larvae. It was revealed that an adult guppy consumed 634.1 ± 9.25 SE, 473.4 ± 3.34, 180.6 ± 3.4 and 102.5± 3.85; 542.5 ± 10.57, 385.3 ± 3.21, 177.0 ± 1.34 and 80.4 ± 1.78, and 679.2 ± 6.11, 512.5 ±4.26, 191.7 ± 2.51 and 119.6 ± 2.48 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar of the mosquitoes Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus and the chironomid Chironomus stratipenis daily, respectively when the prey-larvae belonging to each instar morph were available for predation, separately. But, the results of the experiments with the supply of Ch. stratipenis either with An. stephensi or with Cx. quinquefasciatus indicated that, on average the rate of destruction was reduced by 45.34% in An. stephensi and by 43.61% in Cx. quinquefasciatus.

3 tables, 19 ref

020264   Pal T K (NO, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053, Email: tkpal51@rediffmail.com) : Colydiidae of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India, with three new species (Coleoptera: Heteromera). Entomon 2009, 34(3), 155-66.

Eight species of Colydiidae viz., Bitoma siccana (Pascoe), Lasconotus lushaicus Pal, Colobicus parilis Pascoe, Cerchanotus urientalis (Slipinski), Endeitoma rugicollis sp. nov., Neotrichus longicollis sp. nov., Synchita brunneus sp. nov. and Pycnomerus niticlicollis (Reitter) are recorded and the new species described, from Andaman & Nicobar Island.

3 illus, 13 ref

020263   Mathur A S;Barwar G (Zoology Dep, Jai Narain Vyas Univ, Jodhpur-342 009) : Seasonal veriations in the incidence of Enterobiasis in human beings in Jodhpur city (Rajasthan) during the year 2007-2008. Ann For 2009, 17(2), 319-22.

Presents a study of the prevalence of Enterobiasis caused by the nematode parasite Enterobius vermicularis in human being in Jodhpur City (Rajasthan). Total 1,774 patients were examined in Jodhpur City during year 2007-2008 seasonally, and out of which 64 patients were infected with Enterobius vermicularis. During investigation it was found that maximum percentage of infection occurred in monsoon season (5.17%). In summer season maximum percentage of infection was observed in the age group 1-5 years (4.13%), in monsoon season infection was higher in 5-10 years (11.01%) and in winter season maximum incidence was found in age group 0-1 years (3.03%). However, minimum percentage of infection in summer season was found in age group 10-15 years (0.73%), in monsoon season it was in the age group 10-15 years (0.59%) and in winter it was in age group 5-10 years (1.54%). In urban slum areas and in urban central areas highest incidence was found in monsoon season and lowest incidence was in winter season. Pyrantal pamoate and albendazole were the common drugs given to the patients.

1 table, 5 ref

020262   Manna R K;Aftabuddin M D (Regional Center, Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR), Dispur, Guwahati-781 006) : Comparative limno-chemical study of brush park (Katal) and macrophyte free area in a wetland of Assam. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(4A), 1796-1800.

Fishing using brush park (katal) is an age-old practice in wetlands of Assam. This fishing method uses water hyacinth as hiding place for fishes. A study was conducted in 46, Morakong beel, Morigaon, Assam during 2005-06 to examine the limno-chemical environment inside the brush park as compared to macro-phyte area of the beel. A total of six parameters viz. temperature, pH, specific conductivity, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide and total alkalinity were measured both inside and outside the brush park. Data revealed that brush park is not congenial for fish growth especially due to low dissolved oxygen, low pH and high carbon dioxide values. A scientific intervention for better fishing device by modifying the method is recommended.

5 tables, 11 ref

020261   Manjunath R;Delvi M R (Zoology Dep, Bangalore Univ, Bangalore-560 056) : Variations in faeces defecation in Eisenia fetida fed ad libitum on different feed during different seasons from hatchlings to post reproductive stages. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2009, 16(1), 245-9.

A maximum faeces of 83.4% was defecated with T₂- Pressmud 79.2% with T₄ - Mixed feed and 76.6% with T₃ - Banana waste and 72.4% with T₁ - Cattle dung during winter season. In E. fetida the life stage was extended up to 100 days during winter season adult₍₃₎ With the change in season, faeces defecation reduced to about 67.69 with T₃ - Banana waste and T₄ - Mixed feed and to about 52.0% with T₁ - Cattle dung and T₂ - Pressmud during rainy season. Further the defecation reduced to 56.8% with T₂ - Pressmud, 50.9% with T₃ -Banana waste, 46.8% with Mixed food and 39.5% with T₁ - Cattle feed during summer season. The feeding and defecation behavior of E. fetida confirms that the earthworms change the food utilization not only depending on type of food but also depending on season. Food preferences changed with change in the season.

3 illus, 11 ref

020260   Manjunath R;Delvi M R (Zoology Dep, Bangalore Univ, Bangalore-560 056) : Growth in Eisenia fetida fed ad libitum on different feed during different seasons from hatchlings to post reproductive stages. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2009, 16(1), 219-24.

Growth in Eisenia fetida fed ad libitum on different feed during different seasons from hatchlings to post reproductive stages was studied. E. fetida takes 100 days to complete the life cycle 20 days as small immature worms and 20 days as large immature and 40 days as adult I and adult II stages. The total growth increased as function of life stages. The total growth during rainy season increased from 163.6 mg wet weight during small immature stage to as much 1410.0 during the last adult stage II with T₁ feed. This values were comparable the worms with T₃ and T<feed; while this growth decreased to 1095.6 mg with T₂ feed during adult II stage. However, during winter season the total growth was maximum with feed T₃ at adult III stage which amounted to 1546.8 mg wet weigh. Next maximum growth of 1472.3 mg was found with T₂ feed. Similarly the growth differed with the change in the season. During summer period the maximum growth was found with T₄ feed which amounted to 1403.0 mg during adult II stage. Lowest growth was found during summer with all other feed T₁, T₂ and T₃. Perhaps the lower growth during summer may be due to higher temperature with a mean of 32°C ± 2°C while the temperatures during winter averaged 26±C ± 2°C and during rainy season it was 28° ± 2°C. The reduced growth affected production of cocoons which was the least during summer.

3 illus, 11 ref

020259   Khanna V (Zoological Survey of India, Northern Regional Centre, Dehra Dun-248 1956, Email: drvkhanna51@gmail.com ) : Effect of global warming and climate change on the soil fauna-predictions and analysis. Ann For 2009, 17(2), 337-40.

Deals with the predictive studies on the impact of global warming and climate change, both of moisture and temperature, on the soil fauna; any shift or disturbance in the community structure, on account of its altered density, population, biomass, will definitely affect the ecosystem services, like decomposition and degeneration rates of the leaf litters, formation of humus and recycling of nutrient and organic minerals etc. The paper also deals briefly with the phenomenon of global warming and climate change, with causes and consequences.

2 illus 13 ref

020258   Khanna V (Zoological Survey of India, Northern Regional Station, 218 Kaulagarh Road, Dehra Dun-248 195, Email: drvkhanna51@gmail.com) : Medical and economic importance of Scolopendrid centipedes. Ann For 2009, 17(2), 323-8.

Deals with the medical and economic importance of the centipedes, their venom, Pharmacodynamics, effect of bites, symptoms and treatments based on some recent case studies; and morphology of poison apparatus in centipedes.

20 ref

020257   Kamal R H;Tara J S;Sharma B (NO, Zoology Dep, Kishtwat) : Seasonal effect on the efficiency of a silkworm race, NB_{4D2 in terms of its pre-reeling character in Jammu division.} Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2009, 16(1), 121-2.

A bivoltine silkworm race, NB₄₅D₂was fed on the mixed mulberry varieties (Chinese-white, Chakmajra, Sujanpur, S₁₄₆, S₄₁, and K₂) in two different seasons viz; Autumn and Spring to know the efficiency of NB₄D₂ in terms of its pre-reeling characters like wt. gain during V instar, cocoon wt., Pupal wt., Shell wt., and Shell percentage. Significantly better results were found during spring as compared to autumn, thereby confirming the role of temperature and relative humidity on the performance of silkworms.

1 table, 5 ref

020256   Juliya R F;Varma R V;Paduvil R (Forest Protection Div, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi-680 653, Email: juliyaranifrancis@yahoo.com) : Evaluation of four fungal pathogens against Dinoderus minutus Fab. (Coloptera: Bostrychidae): a post harvest pest of bamboo. Entomon 2009, 34(3), 185-8.

Efficacy of four entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bussiana, B. bmngiiiartii, Paecilomyces fumoso-roseus and Metarhizium anisopliae isolated from different host insects were evaluated in the laboratory against adult Dinoderus minutus Fab. (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae). All the four fungi were pathogenic to D. minutus. The LC₅₀ (8.7 x 10^{5 conidia/ml) and LT₅₀ (58.74 h) values showed that B. brongniartii was more virulent against D. minutus under laboratory conditions, followed by B. bassiana, M. anisopliae and P. fumoso-roseus.}

2 tables, 14 ref

020255   Johal M S;Rawal Y K (Zoology Dep, Punjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014, Email: johalms45@gmail.com) : Reliability of sagittae of an endangered Himalayan sport fish Tor putitora (Hamilton) for age determination employing SEM technique. Indian J Anim Sci 2009, 79(5), 534-7.

Sagitta, one of the ear ossicles of the Himalayan mahseer Tor putitora (Hamilton) has been studied using optical and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to ascertain its use in age determination. It has been found that it is possible to distinguish focus region, larval mark, winter mark, false mark and the annulus by employing the above technique. Methods to measure the annuli present on the sagitta for the determination of the back calculated lengths has been suggested.

3 illus, 17 ref

020254   Jamabo N A;Alfred-Ockiya J F;Chindah A C (Animal Science and Fisheries Dep, Faculty of Agriculture, Port Horcourt Univ, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, Email: nenejamabo@yahoo.com) : Growth, mortality and recruitment studies of periwinkle Tympanotonus fuscatus var Fuscatus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Bonny River, Niger delta, Nigeria. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(4A), 1672-6.

Growth, mortality and recruitment pattern of Tympanotonus fuscatus var/uscatus were investigated using shell length (SL) and frequency data obtained from the mangrove swamps of the Bonny River. Sampling was done between January and December 2004. Computer based software package (FiSAT) was used for the analysis. Results show relatively high growth rate, low.mortality and recruitment pattern with two peaks annually.

5 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

020253   Dar P A;Bhat F A;Rashid M;Dar Z A;Wani S A (Zoology PG Dep, Univ of Kashmir, Srinagar-190 006, Email: parvaiz_nisu@yahoo.co.in) : Histochemical demonstration of glycogen and general proteins with their physiological significance in Cotylophoran cotylophorum (Paramphistomidae: digenea), recovered from rumen of cattle. Indian J appl pure Biol 2009, 24(2), 301-4.

Detailed histochemical localization of glycogen and proteins at the tissue level of Cotylophoron cotylophorum, a stomach fluke of cattle, has been described. Cotylophoron cotylophorum were collected from the rumen of cattle in local abattoirs. Paraffin sections were cut and histochemical localization of glycogen was done by using Best's Carmine method in which glycogen deposits are stained red and Bromophenol Blue in which proteins are stained blue. The present study revealed high concentration of proteins in the tegumental muscles, oral sucker, acetabulam, ovary and vitellaria. Moderate amount of proteins was observed in tegument, gut caeca and parenchyma. Staining reaction for glycogen revealed large amount of glycogen deposits in parenchyma, oral sucker, acetabulam and vitellaria of Cotylophoron cotylophorum. Moderate amount of glycogen was present in tegumental muscles, tunica of ovary and ovary. However glycogen was present in small amount in tegument, tunica of testes and testes. The possible physiological role of glycogen and general proteins in different tissues has been discussed.

1 tables, 30 ref

020252   Channa A;Mir I H (Post Graduate Dep of Zoology, Univ of Kashmir, Srinagar-190 006, Email: imtiyazmir786@gmail.com) : Distribution of neutral lipids in the intestinal tract and liver of Schizothorax curvifrons Heckel: a histochemical study. Indian J appl pure Biol 2009, 24(2), 285-8.

Localization and distribution of neutral lipids in the different portions of the intestinal tract and liver of Schizothorax curvlfrons has been studied. It has been observed during the present study that the intestinal bulb exhibits intense reaction for lipids, where as the intestine and rectum shows a progressive decrease in stain intensity. The sites of localization include brush border, columnar epithelial cells, the submucosal lymph spaces and blood capillaries. Uniform well pronounced reaction for neutral lipids is discernible in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes, while the nuclei of the hepatic cells are noted to be sudanophobic.

4 illus, 14 ref

020251   Bhatia S;Sharma S (Zoology Dep, Entomogy Lab (Weed Bio Control Section), Univ of Jammu, Jammu) : Impact of orthopterans on invasive weed Eichhornia crassioes (Pontederiacea) in Jammu region (J & K), India. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2009, 16(1), 347-51.

Extensive survey of Insects associated with Eichhornia crassipes was carried between 2004 and 2005 in three districts of Jammu region i.e. Jammu, Kathua and Udhampur. In this survey, three different orthopteran species were reported. Out of these both the adults and the nymphs of two grasshopper species namely Oxya species and Criotettix species were found to cause considerable defoliation of E. crassipes.

3 illus, 11 ref

020250   Bhat D M;Bhagat R C (Entomology Research Lab, P G Dept of Zoology, Univ of Kashmir, Hazratbal Srinagar, J&K-190 006, Email: din_ento@yahoo.co.in) : Occurrence of natural enemies of the brinjal white fly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn) (Homoptera: aleyrodidae) in Kashmir valley (India). Indian J appl pure Biol 2009, 24(2), 271-2.

Reports the occurrence of Eretmocerus sp., Encarsia sp. and S. parcesetosum on Bemisia tabaci from Kashmir valley. This is being the first report from this region.

10 ref

020249   Asokan S;Samsoor Ali A M;Manikannan R (Zoology and Division of Wildliffe Biology Dep, A V C College(Autonomous), Mannampandal-609 305, Email: amsamsoor@yahoo.co.in) : Foraging ecology of the black drongo Dicrurus macrocercus (Vieillot) in an agro-environment in Tamil Nadu. Indian J Ecol 2008, 35(2), 170-2.

The foraging ecology of the Black Drongo (Dicrurus macrocercus) was observed in an agro-ecosystem of Nagapattinam District, Tamil Nadu, India during 2004 and 2006. Foraging variables included perch types, perching height, foraging height, foraging substrate and foraging methods. Among various perch types, the Black Drongo used 57.87 per cent electric power lines. In general perches of 6-9 m high were highly preferred and foraging (caught insect) at 0-3m height was relatively higher than other height ranges. The use of gleaning was relatively higher (65.17%) than other foraging methods. The regurgitated pellet analysis revealed that the coleopteran insects were the most frequent items (22.00%) in the diet of Black Drongo followed by hemiptera and hymenoptera.

2 tables, 16 ref

020248   Arjun Kumar;Priti Kumar;Roy D N (Zoloogy Dep, M L S M College, Darbhanga-846 004) : Haematological effects of hexavalent chromium on a teleost Clarias batrachus (Linn.). Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2009, 16(1), 93-101.

Hematological response of hexavalent chromium in a fresh water Indian taleost Clarias batrachus wast studied in acute, sub-chronic and chronic exposure. In acute exposure (96 hours), the initial response was polycythemia in experimental fish exposed to sub-lethal concentration of potassium dichromate (8.68 mg/L). A significant increase in TEC (6.67%) Hb (18.26%) and HCt (12.052%) was observed, with lowering of TLC (5.36%) in 96 hour. Decreased TEC (30.10% & 37.45%) Hb (26.70% and 44.86%) Hct (10.36% and 27.807%) were recorded on the 15th and 30th day of exposure. Quantitative measurement of red cell indices reflected increasing trend of MCV in all exposure period. Increase in MCH & MCHC in 96 hour exposure was followed by a significant decreases in 15 days and 30 days of exposure. Ionic concentration particularly Plasma potassium was found elevated in 15 days and 30 days of exposure.

1 table, 51 ref

020247   Alam M S;Arti Kumari (Research Scholar, P G L N M U., Darbhanga) : Student of control drug and their effects in blood metablite levels of albino rat. Indian J Envir Ecoplann 2009, 16(1), 181-4.

This study attempts to evaluate the health status of the Albino Rat, on the basis of changes in blood biochemistry under the effects of certain control drug. Control drug orally feed for 30 days significant changes were observed in blood biochemical properties in the form of hyperglycemia, hypoproteinemia and hypercholesterolemia. The study concludes that the control drugs, sedatives, tranquilizers and stimulants taken in the little quantity prove sometimes beneficial but by their chronic use dullness, mental retardness and other clinical symptoms are experienced. These drugs may alter physiological and biochemical condition of the drug addicted Rats.

1 table, 16 ref

020246   Abhilash R;Prakasam V R (Environmental Sciences Dep, Kerala Univ, Thiruvananthapuram-695 581, Email: greenabhi@hotmail.com) : Thiodan induced hematological alterations in a fresh water fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Envir Ecol 2009, 27(4A), 1779-82.

Effects of the insecticide thiodan on certain hematological parameters (RBC count, WBC count, hemoglobin content and hematocrit value) of the fish Oreochromis mossambicus were studied at sub-lethal concentrations of 1/20, 1/15 and 1/10 of LC value and at 10, 20 and 30 days of exposure. The RBC count, hemoglobin content and the hematocrit value in the thiodan exposed fish were diminished in response to increase in time of exposure and dose. The WBC count showed a duration and dose dependent increase at all the sub-lethal concentrations. The highest sub-lethal concentration on the 30 of day caused the most pronounced effect in all the parameters. Thus, the dose and duration dependent impact of thiodan on the hematology of the fish is evident.

3 tables, 20 ref

014995   Weeks S C (Biology Dep, Akron Univ, Akron, OH, USA, Email: scw@uakron.edu) : Can males successfully in vade hermaphroditic populations of clam shrimp (Eulimnadia texana)?. Curr Sci 2009, 96(1), 98-100.

Androdioecy (mixtures of males and hermaphrodites) is distinguished by its rarity, being found in only ~40 animal species. Many of these species are clam shrimp in the genus Eulimnadia. A metapopulation model for the maintenance of androdioecy is tested herein by examining male success in aquaria with a single male-producing hermaphrodite introduced into an otherwise all-hermaphrodite population. This migration experiment did allow males to persist in these populations for seven generations, although at levels below those found in other populations of these shrimp. These results suggest that the maintenance of androdioecy via 'reproductive assurance' is unlikely by way of migration of male-producing hermaphrodites.

1 illus, 1 table, 33 ref

014994   Upadhyay N;Bansal A;Goyal R K (Zoology Dep, D.S. College, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh) : Effect of helminth parasites on biochemical profile of fresh water fish, Channa striatus. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2009, 11(4), 847-9.

Fish constitutes a cheap source of food and provide good staple food to tide over the nutritional need of human being. Various anthropogenic factors made the fishes more prone for diseases and susceptible for various parasites. So, examine the effect of these parasites on fishes is mandatory to do the effective aquaculture. In the present study attempt has been made to asses the effect of Helminth parasites (Nematode, Cestode, Trematode) on serum protein, serum albumin, serum globulin. The biochemical observation revealed a significant decrease in total serum protein & globulin in serum of blood and a significant increase in albumin in serum of blood of fresh water fish Channa striatus.

1 table, 21 ref

014993   Tizol Correa R;Maeda Martinez A M;Weekers P H H;Torrentera L;Murugan G (NO, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste, S.C., Mar Bermejo 195, La Paz, Baja California Sur 23090, Mexico, Email: murugan04@cibnor.mx) : Biodiversity of the brine shrimp Artemia from tropical salterns in southern mexico and Cuba. Curr Sci 2009, 96(1), 81-7.

Using a fragment of the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA (16S) and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequences, the biodiversity and phylogenetic relationships of the brine shrimp Artemia from tropical salterns of southern Mexico (four sites in the Yucatan Peninsula, one site each in the states of Oaxaca and Campeche), and two sites in Cuba were examined. The Mexican populations showed genetic distances of 0-0.43 among themselves and 0.0298-0.0324 with the Cuban populations. Eight haplotypes (16S + COI) were identified from the studied populations, one for the Cuban populations and seven for the Mexican populations. Phylogenetic analyses of these haplotypes indicate that Artemia from these salterns are separated into two well-differentiated clades, one constituted by the Mexican populations and another by the Cuban populations of A. franciscana, suggesting that Artemia populations of Mexico are native and the Cuban are introduced.

3 illus, 4 tables, 43 ref

014992   Thinesh T;Mathews G;Patterson Edward J K (NO, Suganthi Devadason Marine Research Institute, 44-Beach Road, Tuticorin-628 001, Email: thina.sathesh@gmail.com) : Coral disease prevalence in mandapam group of islands, gulf of mannar, Southeastern India. Indian J Mar Sci 2009, 38(4), 444-50.

Assessment of coral disease prevalence was carried out in six islands in the northern region of the Gulf of Mannar during February 2007. Assessment was made in two sites in each island and three transects were laid in each site, white band, white plaque, white spot, pink spot, black spot, black band, yellow spot, yellow band and tumors were the observed common diseases in this regime. Overall coral disease prevalence was 8.9%. Prevalence was highest at Poomarichan Island (10.90%), followed by Manoli (9.38%), Pullivasal (9.28%), Hare (8.64%), Krusadai (8.27%) and Shingle (6.82%). Most common disease was pink spot in Porites sp followed by black band in Porites sp., Pocillopora sp., Favia sp., and Favites sp. Tumors were also observed in low frequencies in Acropora cytheria. Other affected species were Acrpora cytherea, Favia pallida and Goniastrea sp. Present study also consists the frequency of temperature anomalies, which can increase the susceptibility of corals to disease, leading to outbreaks where corals are abundant both in cover and diversity.

5 illus, 3 tables, 35 ref

014991   Singh B N (Genetics Laboratory, Zoology Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005, Email: bnsingh@bhu.ac.in) : Drosophila ananassae: a good model species for genetical, behavioural and evolutionary studies. Indian J expl Biol 2010, 48(4), 333-45.

Drosophila ananassae, a cosmopolitan and domestic species, was first described by Doleschall in 1858 from Indonesia. During 1930s, cytological and genetical investigations in D. ananassae were initiated in Japan and USA which showed that it is a genetically unique species. Since then a large number of studies have been carried out by researchers in japan, USA, India, France and Germany in this genetically unique species. Present review briefly summarizes the work done on genetical, behavioural and evolutionary aspects in D. ananassae which demonstrates that it is a good model species for such studies. Further, it is also discussed how the work on D. ananassae has enriched our understanding of basic phenomena like evolution and behaviour compared to similar studies on other model Drosophilds like D. melanogaster, D. pseudoobscura or D. subobsura.

^iia166 ref

014990   Pala I;Sindhe S C S;Naik M J (Zoology Dep, Sri Krishnadevaraya Univ, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh) : Effect of ziram on pyruvate and lactate levels in fresh water teleost, Labeo rohita (Hamilton). Asian J envir Sci 2008, 3(2), 86-9.

Freshwater fish, Labeo rohita were exposed to technical grade dithiocarbamate fungicide, ziram for 96 hours and the LC₅₀ was determined as 0.66 mg/1. One-tenth of LC₅₀ (0.066mg/l) was selected as sublethal dose for studies on pyruvate and lactate levels for a period of 1,7,15 and 30 days. The depletion in pyruvate and lactate levels and an increase in muscle lactate were observed significantly.

2 tables, 24 ref

014989   Orozco Medina C;Lopez Cortes A;Maeda Martinez A M (NO, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Mar Bermejo 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, Baja California Sur 23090, Mexico, Email: almeda04@cibnor.mx) : Aerobic gram-positive heterotrophic bacteria Exiguobacterium mexicannum and Microbacterium sp. in the gut lumen of Artemia franciscana larvae under gnotobiotic conditions. Curr Sci 2009, 96(1), 120-9.

In a previous study, Exiguobacterium mexicanum strain 8N (DSM 16483^{T) and Microbacterium sp. strain 8L (DSM 16485) in gnotobiotic cultures of the brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana indicated beneficial effects on the development of Artemia larvae. In this study, Artemia larvae with and without autoclaved yeast as food, were challenged with strains 8N and 8L under monoxenic condition to determine ingestion, location and viability of bacterial cells in Artemia gut lumen. The results of light and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the bacterial cells of both strains were ingested by Artemia metanauplii. Furthermore, both strains were detected by fluorescence microscopy as live or dead cells along the Artemia gut lumen. However, the band profile in denaturing-gradient gel electrophoresis of the 16S rDNA sequence, retrieved from Artemia gut lumen exposed to both bacteria in monoxenic and dixenic conditions, showed only a band corresponding to strain 8N, suggesting that a differential bacterial ingestion or a differential generation of PCR products occurred. In all Artemia experiments, the cells of the strains 8N and 8L were confined within the chyme in the space limited by the perithrophic membrane. No evidence was found that the bacteria adhered or colonized the intestinal epithelium.}

5 illus, 1 table, 48 ref

014988   Nazeer R A;Sampath Kumar N S;Naqash S Y; Radhika R;Rahul Kishore;Bhatt S R (Biotechnology Dep, School of Bioengineering, SRM Univ, Kattankulathur-603 203, Email: ra_nazeer@yahoo.com) : Lipid profiles of threadfin bream (Nemipterus japonicus) organs. Indian J Mar Sci 2009, 38(4), 461-3.

The study of the lipid content in different organs of marine fish Threadfin bream (Nemipterus japonicus) indicates that a major amount of lipids are accumulated in liver (6.22%) when compared with remaining organs like muscle (2.7%) and skin (1.0%). Cholesterol studies reveal that muscle (36.2%) is having more quantities than liver (32.4%) and skin (24%). Fatty acid composition reveals that the lipids of each organ of threadfin bream are enriched in the unsaturated fatty acids and all the organs were found to be rich in linoleic (C_18:2), oleic (C _18:1) and palmitic (C_16:0). The study further elucidates that a considerable amount of two physiologically important n-3 PUP As, i.e. EPA and DHA were found more in skin (1.6% and 0.5%) and liver (1.6% and 0.6%) than in muscle (1.4% and 0.4%).

2 tables, 11 ref

014987   Nagabhushan Reddy M;Basha Mohideen M D (Zoology Dep, Rayalaseema Univ, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, Email: mnbhushr@gmail.com) : Levels of n-3, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and serum cholesterol in fish from different aquatic habitats. Asian J Microbiol Biotechnol envir Sci 2009, 11(4), 899-902.

Fish and other marine life are rich sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids known as omega-3 or n-3 fatty acids. Fish with higher levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and lower levels of serum cholesterol has important role in reducing coronary heart diseases. Marine fish, mackerel showed significantly higher levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids - alphalinolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and lower levels of both serum cholesterol and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids -arachidonic acid, linoleic acid when compared to brackish water fish, mullet and freshwater fish catla, rohu and mrigal. The levels of different types of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish from different aquatic habitats were in the order: mrigal<catla<rohu<mullet< F128><60>mackerel and mackerel<mullet<mrigal<ca tla<rohu respectively. Thus fish fauna are important sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids providing several nutritional and health benefits for humans if included them in the diet.

3 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

014986   Munuswamy N;Sathyanarayanan S;Priyadarshini A (Unit of Live Feed Aquaculture, Zoology Dep, Madras Univ, Chennai-600 025) : Embryonic development and occurrence of p26 and artemin-like protein in the cryptobiotic cysts of freshwater fairy shrimp, Streptocephalus dichotomus Baird. Curr Sci 2009, 96(1), 103-10.

Embryonic development as well as stress resistance exhibited by the encysted embryo of the fairy shrimp, Streptocephalus dichotomus were studied. Embryonic development took place in a rapid phase and the nauplii hatched in about 8 h following hydration. The morphology and developmental features of the embryo, at different timescales, have been recorded. Despite undergoing interrupted development, encysting embryos synthesized large amounts of two proteins, namely p26 and artemin in the cysts. Western blot analyses of the desiccated and non-desiccated cysts showed the presence of p26 and artemin-like proteins with similar electrophoretic pattern and cross reactivity with poly-clonal antibodies raised against Artemia p26 and artemin. Thus, the presence of p26 and artemin-like proteins has been documented in the cysts of the freshwater fairy shrimp other than Artemia. Levels of selected sugars are also reported in the desiccated and non-desiccated cysts, of which cysts containing more trehalose were capable of protecting the encysted embryos. The functional significance of sugars found in the encysted embryo is discussed in relation to cryp-tobiosis.

4 illus, 1 table, 45 ref

014985   Mishra D B;Winkle R;Singh V B (Zoology Dep, Biochemistry Lab, T.D. College, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh) : Distribution of antoxidant enzyme SOD in Gomti and Ganga river in liver and skin of Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.). Asian J envir Sci 2008, 3(2), 128-30.

Laboratory experiments were carried out to expose the activity of superoxide dismutase in the liver and skin of fresh water teleost fish, Cirrhinus mrigala(Ham.) from sample of water collected from river Gomti at Ramghat, Jaunpur and river Ganga at Ghazipu. The fishes were acclimatized in both types of water sample for 14th days. The superoxide dismutase activities were significantly higher in the sample of water collected from river Gomti than river Ganga and control. The physico-chemical parameters of four samples indicated that sample from Ganga river had high biological oxygen demand in comparison to Gomti river, chemical oxygen demand and pH where as the same samples was low in dissolved oxygen when compared with control sample.

014984   Mehata P;Dattani J J;Rajput D K;modi N; Highland H N;Desai K R (Zoology Dep, Univ School of Science, Gujrat Univ, Ahamdabad, Gujrat - 380 009) : Biochemical Alterations induced By Chronic Exposure of Chloroquine in swiss Albino Mice. Prajna 2009, 17(Dec), 35-9.

The present study was undertaken to determine biochemical changes induced by antimalarial drug, Chloroquine Phosphate (CQ) on certain tissues of mice (Mus musculus). Healthy adult male Swiss albino mice weighing between 30-40gm were used for the study. 200mg/kg body weight/day of Chloroquine phosphate (CQ) was administrated through oral route for 45 days. Control animals were given distilled water for the same duration (45 days). Liver, kidney, and brain tissues were biochemically investigated for toxic effects post treatment. Results obtained exhibited significant decrease in protein levels of liver (p< 0.01) and brain (p< 0.001). Cholesterol level was found to be increased significantly in kidney (p< 0.01) and liver (p< 0.001). Creatinine concentration was significantly (p< 0.001) elevated in kidney. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity significantly (p< 0.01) decreased in brain. Thus, use of choloroqoine for longer duration stipulates austere monitoring, as chronic usage may lead to development of many adverse effects in the humans.

3 table, 32 ref

014983   Koladiya M H;Narasimhacharya A V R L (Biosciences Dep, Sardar Patel Univ, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat-388 120) : Avifaunal diversity in and around Vallabh Vidyanagar-a short term survey. Prajna 2009, 17(Dec), 1-6.

In view of increasing population and urbanization of Vallabh Vidyanagar, a time bound short-term survey was conducted in Vallabh Vidyanagar and its environs to study the avifaunal diversity. Several sites- approach roads to four major villages near Vallabh Vidyanagar i.e., Lambhvel, Vadtal, Bakrol and Karamsad and Shastri Maidan within Vallabh Vidyanagar were selected. The study sites except Shastri Maidan, included both residential and commercial areas, besides the open areas. A total of 210 visits were made during the morning and evening hours comprising of 105 rounds between Dec 23, 2007 and April 12, 2008. In this study period 44 species of birds belonging to 24 families were encountered. Our observations indicate that 15 species of birds are abundant in frequency while 10 common, 7 frequent and 5 rare. These observations indicate that despite the rapid urbanization of Vallabh Vidyanagar, it is still rich in avian biodiversity.

2 illus, 4 tables, 7 ref

014982   Jayakumar R;Nagarjuna A;Jayantha Rao K (Zoology Dep, Toxicology Div, Sri Venkateswara Univ, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh) : Cypermethrin toxicosis on protein metabolic profiles in Rana hexadactyla. Asian J envir Sci 2008, 3(2), 174-8.

Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide with low mammalian toxicity but high insecticidal activity. Frogs, Rana hexadactyla were exposed to sublethal concentration (i.e., 1/10 LC₅₀1.63mg/l) of cypermethrin for 7 days and 30 days to analyze various protein metabolic profiles in different tissues. Total proteins showed decrement, whereas free amino acids and the activity of protease, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase as well as ammonia and urea significantly increased in cypermethrin -exposed frogs. It was also observed that alterations steadily increased with the days of exposure and exhibited tissue specificity. These effects on the protein metabolism of frogs exposed to cypermethrin, which cause impairment on protein synthetic machinery, indicate its toxic effects on cellular functioning.

2 tables, 16 ref

014981   Garcia-Velazco H;Obregon-Barboza H; Rodriguez-Jaramillo C;Maeda-Martinez A M (Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Apartado Postal 233, Ensenada, Baja California, 22800 Mexico, Email: almaeda04@cibnor.mx) : Reproduction of the tadpole shrimp Triops (Notostraca) in Mexican waters. Curr Sci 2009, 96(1), 91-7.

Gonadic histology of the tadpole shrimp Triops sp. froni 22 Mexican locations was determined using light microscopy to investigate the hermaphroditic tissue. The sex ratio and type of morphotypes were also determined. Short morphotype individuals with ovisacs (58) were hermaphrodites and were recorded from 14 locations. Of the 34 long morphotype individuals with ovisacs, 25 were hermaphrodites recorded from seven locations, whereas nine were females recorded from only three locations. The proportion of males in hermaphrodite populations ranged from zero to 21%. Thus we infer that such populations have an an-drodioic reproduction. In female populations, it ranged from 50 to 62%; therefore such populations have a gonochoric reproduction.

4 illus, 2 tables, 32 ref