013368   Wang W Q (NO, Electronic Science and Technology of China Univ, Chengdu-611 731, Email: wqwang@uestc.edu.cn) : Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing radar waveform with a large time-bandwidth product. Def Sci J 2012, 62(6), 427-30.

This paper proposes a practical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) chirp diverse waveform with a large time-bandwidth product for new generation radar systems. Besides large time-bandwidth product and implementation simplicity, the OFDM chirp diverse waveform have good ambiguity function performance in range resolution and doppler resolution. Although the spectra are not uniform across the bandwidth like conventional chirp waveforms, the bandwidth is covered with no visible gaps.

^ssc4 illus, 18 ref

013367   Varaprasad R;Rao S V B;Rao V S (NO, Satish Dhawan Space Centre, SHAR, Sriharikota-524 124, Email: rvprasad@har.gov.in ) : Effect of troposphere and ionosphere on C-band radar track data and correction of tracking parameters. Def Sci J 2012, 62(6), 420-6.

At any launch base radar tracking is critical for assessing the state of the launch vehicle for range safety function as well as for trajectory monitoring. Tracking data corrected for refraction effects is essential for estimating the flight performance. This paper presents the refraction effects of troposphere and ionosphere on the radio waves of C-Band radars in terms of errors in the measured tracking parameters. Application of mapping functions for correcting refraction errors in C-Band radar track data is studied and a comparison of the performance of mapping functions is presented. The mapping functions not only show good convergence at low elevations but also correct around 90 per cent of the refraction error in elevation.

5 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

013366   Varada Rajulu K C;Sambasiva Rao K;Tilak B; Gangadharudu G;Swathi A (NO, Indian Plywood Industries Research and Training Institute, Bangalore-560 022, Email: varadaraju6@ipirti.gov.in) : Structure, spectroscopic and piezoelectric properties of BNBT nanocrystalline ceramics. Indian J Phys 2012, 86(7), 625-34.

Lead-free nano crystalline (Na_0.5Bi_0.5) _1-x Ba_xTiO₃ (BNBT) ceramics with (x = 0.026, 0.055 and 0.065) have been prepared by solid state sintering technique. In BNBT-6.5 resulted in a splitting of the (2 0 0) peak into two peaks of (0 0 2) and (2 0 0) reflections. Splitting in the peak position reveals the composition is well in morphotropic phase boundary region. Average particle sizes have been calculated and found to be in nanometer range. In the energy dispersive X-ray analysis spectrum elements present in the prepared compositions are Na, Bi, Ba, Ti and O only. Impedance (real Z') plots provide an indication of increasing conduction with temperature and frequency i.e., negative temperature coefficient of resistance behaviour like semiconductor. The activation energy, E₁₁₆ is found to be 0.56, 0.88 and 0.55 eV for BNBT-2.6, BNBT-5.5 and BNBT-6.5 respectively; this suggests strongly that the electrical behaviour of rhombohedral structure in studied materials. BNBT-6.5 ceramics have good properties with piezoelectric constant d₃₃ = 211 pC/N and electromechanical coupling factors k_p = 28% and k_t = 25%. These high d₃₃ BNBT materials can be used for transducer applications. The observed dispersion of the imaginary dielectric constant (ε") is stronger than that of real dielectric constant (ε).

11 illus, 1 table, 37 ref

013365   Usha Rani P (Electrical and Electronics Dep, R.M.K. Engineering College, Chennai, Email: pusharani71@yaho.com) : Voltage swell compensation in an interline dynamic voltage restorer. J scient ind Res 2014, 73(1), 29-32.

The Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) provides an advanced and economical solution for voltage swell problems. The voltage-restoration process involves real-power injection into the distribution system. The Interline DVR (IDVR) proposed in this paper provides a way to compensate the voltage deviation caused in a feeder. The IDVR consists of several DVRs connected to different distribution feeders in the power system sharing common energy storage. Here, one DVR in the IDVR system works in voltage-swell compensation mode while the other DVR in the IDVR system operate in power-flow control mode. The single phase model of the IDVR system is illustrated which is operated by Multiple Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). Closed-loop control scheme of load voltage for a simple system is modeled and simulated using MATLAB software. The simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed IDVR system.

3 illus, 9 ref

013364   Tyagi A;Singh T P (NO, M.M. Univ, Mullana, Ambala, Email: artityagi16@yahoo.co.in) : Interdependence communication queue network with bulk arrivals having voice transmission. Arya Bhatta J Math Inf 2012, 4(1), 101-6.

Paper explores the application of an interdependence queue model to a communication system with the voice packetized statistical multiplexing. The performance of the statistical multiplexing is measured by approximating the arrival of packets and transmission under a bivariate Poisson process, with the assumption that data packets are stored for transmission and transmitted as when the transmitter is idle after voice transmission. The idle time of transmitter follows the negative exponential distribution. The steady state solution and the system characteristics are derived and analyzed for the model Table and Graph are given for better understanding. The strategies for integrated data/voice transmission are discussed for channel capacity utilization more optimally.

9 ref

013363   Sudha V K;Sudhakar R (NO, , Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Email: vksuji@yahoo.com) : 3D listless embedded block coding algorithm for compression of volumetric medical images. J scient ind Res 2013, 72(12), 735-8.

This study proposes a compression scheme for volumetric medical images through 3D listless embedded block coding, which is a suitably modified form of SPECK (Set Partitioned Embedded block Coder) algorithm to operate without linked lists and to take into account the high inter band correlation. It is embedded, 3D block based, image wavelet transform coding algorithm, which uses state table instead of linked lists to keep track of the details about set partitions and the encoded information, and is suitable for fast and simple hardware implementation. Three dimensional Magnetic Resonance and Computed Tomography images were used in the experiment for testing the algorithm. Experimental results in this work compares compression efficiency of proposed scheme with state of encoders such as 3D SPIHT (Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees), 3D No List SPIHT and 2D SPECK (applied frame to frame) to show high competitiveness of the proposed algorithm.

2 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

013362   Srivastava R (NO, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005, Email: rajeev.cse@iitbhu.ac.in) : Restoration and enhancement of asronomical images using hybrid adaptive nonlinear complex diffusion-based filter. Def Sci J 2012, 62(6), 437-42.

Hybrid and adaptive nonlinear complex diffusion based technique is proposed for restoration and enhancement of astronomical images corrupted with additive noise due to diffractions limit, aberrations in telescope camera lens, atmospheric irregularities which are modelled by Gaussian functions. In addition to additive noise removal, the proposed filter is also capable of removing noisy stars and spike noises due to other numerous stars that may have surrounded an object in the astronomical image such as in nebula images. The proposed scheme is completely adaptive in nature in the sense that it estimates all the required filtering parameters from the observed image itself. The performance of the proposed hybrid scheme is compared with other image restoration techniques such as averaging filter, Gaussian filter, median filter, anisotropic diffusion based filter, local variance based adaptive anisotropic diffusion filter and also the adaptive and hybrid version of anisotropic diffusion filter similar to the proposed one in terms of average SNR and BSNR. The results obtained show the efficacy of the proposed scheme.

2 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

013361   Srinivas R D;Latha R (Electrical Engineering Dep, Sona College of Technology, Salem-636 005, Email: deepakvaas88@gmail.com) : Frequency control scheme using integrated grid inverter for wind mill applications. J Innovative Res Solut 2013, 1A(2), 36-41.

Wind is a copious vital source of energy which is complimentary and a fabulous gift of Mother Nature. The escalating levels of wind generation have resulted in an urgent appraisal of their impact on frequency control of power system. Despite the consequences of wind turbine technology, The main intention of this paper is to counterpart the generated frequency from the existing system along with the GRID side frequency which has an unremitting variation due to the loads connected besides the GRID. This frequency disparity is the major concern in today's renewable energy system and is particularly true in portable wind mill applications connected with the grid. So a frequency control scheme using integrated grid inverter for such wind mill applications is being discussed in this.paper.

9 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

013360   Sitharam T G;Anitha Kumari S D (Science Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Waterloo Univ, Canada) : Stability of tunnels-effect of ground supports and reinforcement 3-D discrete element simlations. Wat Energy int 2011, 68(2), 47-51.

When tunnels are constructed near existing structures or on shallow soft ground there is possibility of very large deformations of the ground. These deformations may in turn cause failure of the tunnel as well as adjoining structures. Also another primary design issue of tunnels is the determination of stress levels associated with the yield of wall due to excavation. Hence proper steps should be taken to ensure the safety of the tunnel by providing suitable supports and reinforcement. Since the ground behaviour is not property understood, it is necessary to estimate the appropriate support and reinforcement and their response through numerical modelling. In this study, several simulations have been done to understand the effect of excavation for tunnels on a soft ground through numerical modeling by discrete element method (DEM). The numerical simulations adopting discrete element method predicts the mechanical behaviour of soil/rock masses through grain scale modelling. Here, a three dimensional ground surface is modelled in a weak rock like sandstone and a tunnel is excavated inside the modelled ground surface. The response of the system after excavating the tunnel is studied for various cases viz. tunnel without any support or lining, tunnel with lining alone and tunnel with both lining and reinforcement. The studies clearly indicate that the tunnel without any lining on this considered weak rock fails immediately and the stability considerably improves with lining and reinforcement.

11 illus, 9 ref

013359   Singh T P;Kusum;Gupta D (NO, Yamuna Instt. of Engg. & Tech., Gadholi, Y. Nagar) : Fuzzy queue model to interdependent communication system with bulk arrivals. Arya Bhatta J Math Inf 2012, 4(1), 41-8.

Objective of the paper is to study an interdependent fuzzy queue model to a communication system with voice packetized statistical multiplexing. The mathematical analysis of performance of the multiplexing is measured by approximating the arrival packets and transmission bi-variate Poisson process under fuzzy environment. The work is helpful in reducing the mean buffer length, variability of buffer content in order to reduce the average delay of transmission. The analytical results are more useful for designers and practioners and are closer to real world situation.

4 tables, 9 ref

013358   Sheth J P;Grewal G S;Srinet V;Govindam T P (NO, Electrical Research and Development Association, Vadodara) : Wind hydrogen based distributed energy system for rural India. Wat Energy int 2011, 68(2), 42-5.

There are large populations in developing and under-developed countries which do not have an access to the electrical grid. Reasons for this non-accessibility include remote locations of such communities with reference to the penetration of the grid as well as inadequate availability of sufficient electrical connections due to supply side power shortages. It is expensive to provide grid connectivity to populations located in isolated, geographically difficult areas. However, in absence of electrical power, living needs cannot be met and grid isolated populations are forced to exploit fast depleting natural sources of energy such as wood for survival. Such communities primarily have two types of energy requirements, first as electrical energy for lighting and for operating electrical appliances such as fans, TV, Radio, etc and secondly for meeting their energy needs of cooking. To meet such types of energy demand through renewable (e.g. solar and wind etc.) alone becomes expensive, particularly for cooking or other small thermal applications. In this study, a general model is suggested which meet both types of energy need for remote populations along with its techno-economic feasibility. Among known renewable sources, wind energy is cost effective but inconsistent. Therefore, a suitable ESS (Energy Storage System) is essential for off-grid, stand alone, wind turbine to ensure consistent energy availability. Oversized wind turbine with battery can not only meet the peak electricity demands but can provide spare capacity for running processes that can store energy, which can be later pumped into the network, when real time wind generation stops due to absence or reduction in wind velocity. If, one now couples a water based electrolyser to generate Hydrogen with this system, the excess generation from the over-designed wind turbine can be diverted to the water electrolyser to generate Hydrogen. The generated Hydrogen can be stored to meet all thermal energy needs of the isolated communities, particularly for cooking. Thus in such an envisaged system, electrical energy is used only for lighting and running electrical appliances and thermal needs - such as that for cooking - are met by burning clean - green - Hydrogen fuel. Objective of the study is to explore use of Hydrogen directly for cooking through catalytic combustion. This study reveals that direct use of Hydrogen for thermal application is more efficient and economically viable than converting generated Hydrogen back to electrical energy through fuel cell or internal combustion engine forthermal application.

3 ref

013357   Rego M (NO, , Wind Energy, Kemrock Industries & Exports Ltd.) : Water & energy international energy section: wind energy -an introduction. Wat Energy int 2011, 68(2), 9-11.

In the last 60 years of Independence, India has shown remarkable progress. From a grossly underfed and underdeveloped country in earlier days, India has emerged as a strong economy, inspite of growing population and vagaries of monsoon, international boundary disputes and associate problems. Developments of basic infrastructure like power, communication, transport, aviation, shipping, roads and education have transformed the country in a reckoning position. The five year plans have given importance and priorities to all the aspects of growth and progress as the needs demanded.

013356   Ravishankar S;Vijaya Kumar Y (Mechanical Engg. Dep, S B M Jain College of Engineering, Jakkasandra Post, Ramnagar District-562 112) : Optimum product design and development through creative engineering methodology. J Innovative Res Solut 2013, 1A(2), 91-4.

Problems are plenty so also the solutions are multi'. There exists an exclusive solution to every problem. To obtain at that ideal solution it is necessary to synchronize with the problem itself. The embodiment of this perfect solution requires number of iterations and tests that often, time consuming and expensive. It is mandatory to optimize the utilization of the available limited resources to provide an opportunity for the future developments. Optimization techniques are essential tools that can provide logistic solutions to meet the challenges according to time and location which plays a vital role.

1 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

013355   Poornimal K;Gopalakrishnan K (Electronics Dep, S.N.R. Sons College, Coimbatore-641 006, Email: prof.poorni@gmail.com) : Study on structural and optical properties of RF magnetron sputtered Zn-In-Sn-O thin flims with various growth angles. J Innovative Res Solut 2013, 1A(2), 1-4.

Present studies dealt to design and performance of Zn-In-Sn-O based solar cell with various growth angles. The Zn-In-Sn-O thin films were deposited with RF magnetron sputtering. Sputter deposition is a physical vapour deposition process for depositing thin films, sputtering means ejecting material from a target and depositing it on a substrate such as a silicon wafer. Sputtering is extensively used in the semiconductor industry to deposit thin films of various materials with various prepositions. These techniques are used to fabricate thin film sensors and photovoltaic thin films. These materials produce a wide energy band gap of (-3.4ev). The ITO and ZnO multi -components were deposited on glass substrates at room temperature by applying specially designed RF magnetron sputtering system with different growth angles. The crystal structure, orientation and surface morphology were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The optical transmission and reflectance spectra were recorded by using a spectrophotometer. The zinc oxide ratio is varying between 0 to 67%. This ratio output produces low resistivity and highest transmittance. The variation in resistivity of the samples due to annealing in either oxygen or hydrogen strongly depended on the Zn content ratio. These transparent conductive oxide films with reduced indium content deposited at room temperature are promising in use as transparent electrodes in solar cells.

4 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

013354   Padmavathi N;Rizwan S M;Pal A;Taneja G (Mathematics & Statistics Dep, Caledonian College of Engineering, Sultanate of Oman) : Reliability analysis of an evaporator of a desalination plant with online repair and emergency shutdowns. Arya Bhatta J Math Inf 2012, 4(1), 1-12.

The presents a reliability analysis of an evaporator of a desalination plant. The desalination plant under consideration operates round the clock. There are seven evaporators in this plant for water production. For the current analysis, evaporator number 7 is considered and seven years maintenance data of this evaporator has been collected from the plant. The data includes the reason of major/minor failures, component repairs/replacements, costs of various components etc. Real values extracted from the data for various rates of failure/restoration etc. have been used in this analysis. Any major failure of the evaporator or annual maintenance brings the evaporator to a complete halt and thus, stops the water production until the fault is restored or the maintenance is completed. The maintenance is usually carried out during the winter season due to the less consumption of water in winter. There are some emergency shuts downs and tripping situations for the evaporator due to the requirement of repairs/replacements on major failures, whereas, the minor failures were dealt with online repair. Inspection reveals the type of the failure whenever unit trips. Reliability indicators of the evaporator effectiveness such as various mean times, evaporator availability and busy periods of the repairman have been obtained numerically. Semi-Markov processes and regenerative point techniques are used in the entire analysis.

4 illus, 6 ref

013353   Mukesh Kumar;Sharma N (NO, Doon Valley Institute of Engg. and Technology, Karnal, Email: mannmukesh2006@gmail.com ) : Parametric optimization of turning parts using Taguchi method. Arya Bhatta J Math Inf 2012, 4(2), 299-306.

In order to tackle parametric optimization problem, the present study applied extended Taguchi method through a case study in straight night turning of mild steel bar using HSS tool The study is aimed at evaluating the best process environment which could simultaneously satisfy requirements of both quality as well as productivity with special emphasis on reduction of cutting tool flank wear since reduction in flank wear ensures increase in tool life. The predicted optimal setting ensured maximization of Material Removal Rate. From the present research of ANOVA it is found the feed rate is most significant, Depth of cut is significant and speed is least significant factor effecting metal removal rate.

3 illus, 8 tables, 9 ref

013352   Mediratta R K;Pandya V;Connect R E (NO, , IEX) : New market options for wind generators. Wat Energy int 2011, 68(2), 24-8.

Indian renewable energy market has come a long way from its initial era of sizable government subsidies, tax benefits, feed-in tariffs and various other support schemes being practiced since 1980s and creating localized markets for renewable energy. With the emergence of REC mechanism, a national level market platform would be available for RE generators even though they are selling electricity in their local region. Hence, we can say that a virtual "open-access" would be created for RE generators participating in REC mechanism.

2 illus, 2 tables

013351   Manikandan N;Karthikeyan G (Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dep, Sona College of Technology, Salem-636 005, Email: manighantan@gmail.com) : Fuzzy based load-frequency control in an interconnected power system with wind turbine. J Innovative Res Solut 2013, 1A(2), 71-9.

It's important to realize, optimized dispatching of generating units would be useless without a method of control. Frequency regulation in interconnected network is one of the main challenges posed by wind turbine in modern power system. Obviously the method of load frequency control (LFC) plays a vital role in large interconnected power system. However the modern LFC should be able to handle complex multi objective regulation optimization problems and to ensure that the LFC systems are capable to maintain generation load balance, following serious disturbances. The additional injection of mechanical power due to rapid increases of wind power fluctuation imposes a power imbalance between generation and load it tends to causes the frequency deviation from nominal value. Based on the obtained wind turbine model, a power control structure was developed that takes into consideration the dynamical aspects of the wind turbine as well as constraints. This thesis addresses a new eminent of LFC with fuzzy controller for simultaneous minimization of frequency deviation and tie line power changes in the presence of high penetration of wind turbine. It can be done by proposed model of fuzzy controller with the optimized data and an explicit parametric controller, a novel control method, was designed using MATLAB for two area wind power system.

17 illus, 1 table, 20 ref

013350   Madhu K S;Darshan B H;Manjunath K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, GECH, KA, Email: madhuks.mce@gmail.com) : Buckling analysis of composite drive shaft for automotive applications. J Innovative Res Solut 2013, 1A(2), 63-70.

Automotive drive shaft is usually manufactured in two pieces in order to increase the fundamental bending natural frequency because it is inversely proportional to the square of beam length and proportional to the square root of specific modulus. Many research work have been carried out to in this direction to replace two pieces drive shaft with single piece made of composites. This makes the single piece hollow shaft subjected to torsional load instability which is more critical in the design of composite shafts. In this context, a comprehensive approach to analyze the new composite drive shafts material is found to be essential. In this paper an attempt has been made to check the suitability of one piece composite drive shaft with various composite material combinations to fulfill the functional requirements. Firstly, a finite element model of composite drive shaft made of Steel SMC45, Kevlar49/Epoxy and HM Carbon Composite is developed to analyze for static, modal & buckling analysis. From the results obtained, it is observed that composites are having better shear strength and bending natural frequency compared to steel and Kevlar/Epoxy has good buckling strength capability as compared with other composites. These Finite element analysis results are compared with analytical values and observed that the single piece composite drive shaft is better suitable for driveline applications.

5 illus, 6 tables, 2 ref

013349   Liu H;Chen S;Shen L;Chen J (NO, National Defense Technology Univ, Changsha-410 073, Email: liu_ho@163.com) : Tactical trajectory planning for stealth unmanned aerial vehicle to win the radar game. Def Sci J 2012, 62(6), 375-81.

Problem of planning tactical trajectory for stealth unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to win the radar game is studied. Three principles of how to win the radar game are presented, and their utilizations for stealth UAV to evade radar tracking are analysed. The problem is formulated by integrating the model of stealth UAV, the constraints of radar detecting and the multi-objectives of the game. The pseudospectral multi-phase optimal control based trajectory planning algorithm is developed to solve the formulated problem. Pseudospectral method is employed to seek the optimal solution with satisfying convergence speed. The results of experiments show that the proposed method is feasible and effective. By following the planned trajectory with several times of switches between exposure and stealth, stealth UAV could win the radar game triumphantly.

8 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

013348   Lieberman D G;Troncoso R J R;Rios R A O (HSP Digital-CA Mecatronica, Facultad de Ingenieria Campus San Juan Del Rio, Autonoma de Queretaro, Rio Moctezuma 249, 76807 San Juan del Rio, Queretaro, Mexico, Email: raosornio@hspdigital.org) : Voltage drop repercussions in industrial processes due to the interaction of several machines in a manufacturing cell. J scient ind Res 2013, 72(12), 746-53.

This paper presents a novel methodology based on S transform and power quality analysis for the study of voltage variation generated by simultaneous operation of equipment in a manufacturing cell and their impact on susceptible equipment as: well as their implications in the turning process.

2 illus, 1 table, 27 ref

013347   Li D;Yi D Y (NO, National Defense Technology Univ, Changsha-410 073, Email: nudtlidong@163.com) : Tracking of midcourse ballistic target group on space-based infrared focal plane using GM-CPHD filter. Def Sci J 2012, 62(6), 431-6.

Tracking of midcourse ballistic target group on space-based infrared focal plane plays a key role in the space-based early warning system. This paper proposes the Gaussian-mixture cardinalized probability hypothesis density (GM-CPHD) filter to solve this problem. The multi-target states and measurements on infrared focal plane are modeled by random finite set (RFS). The intensity function of RFS of multi-target states and the probability distribution of target number are jointly propagated by cardinalized probability hypothesis density (CPHD) recursion. Under the assumptions of linear Gaussian multi-target models, the Gaussian-mixture implementations of CPHD are presented, and the target number and the multi-target states on infrared focal plane are estimated. In order to enable track continuity, we propose 0-1 integer programming to associate the estimated states between frames. The simulation results show that the GM-CPHD filter can dramatically improve the accuracy of estimated target number and estimated target states compared with the Gaussian-mixture probability hypothesis density filter, and that the track continuity can be successfully achieved.

6 illus, 18 ref

013346   Lele S B (NO, , SPE(I) Vadodara Chapter) : Wind power development in India. Wat Energy int 2011, 68(2), 15-16.

Worldwide installed capacity of wind power reached 1,75,000 MW by the end of June 2010. USA (36,300 MW), China (33,800 MW), Germany (26,400 MW), and Spain (19,500 MW) are ahead of India (12,100 MW), which is in fifth position. The short gestation periods for installing wind turbines, and the increasing reliability and performance of wind energy machines has made wind power a favoured choice for capacity addition in India.

1 table

013345   Lee T;Lee S;Kim S;Baik J (NO, Agency for Defense Development, Deajeon-305 152, Korea, Email: sbkim@add.re.kr) : Distributed parallel simulation environment for interoperavility and reusability of models in military applications. Def Sci J 2012, 62(6), 412-19.

Interoperability and reusability of models are main concerns in military simulation. In order to improve the interoperability and reusability of models, the model shall be separated with a particular simulation engine, and the modelling framework of models as well as the architecture of the simulation engine should be standardized. This paper describes the architecture and operational concept of simulation environment which has been developed to enhance interoperability an d reusability of models. We named this environment adaptive distributed parallel Simulation environment for Interoperable and reusable models (AddSIM). We suggested a modelling framework to promote model development, portability and interoperability with other models. Also, we proposed a layered architecture to modularise critical capabilities including kernel layer, tool/application layer, support/service layer and external interface. This means that models can be developed independently of a simulation engine and interfaced with it using API. To validate the application feasibility of AddSIM, we set up an anti-air missile engagement situation and performed simulation. In military simulation, it is expected that reusability and interoperability of models will be enhanced by using proposed AddSIM.

11 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

013344   Kirubaharan D R;Nirmala G (NO, Manonmaniam Sundaranar Univ, Thirunelveli-627 012) : Optimal machining processes for the manufacturer of splined shaft by using network theoretical approach. Arya Bhatta J Math Inf 2012, 4(1), 55-62.

Variety of graphs shows up if one examines the industrial activities usually production plant and control. This work deals with the manufacture of complex products. The critical path method is used to plan and control the manufacture of complicated goods. This way is to define decision possibilities and their outcomes is to use decision tables.

2 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

013343   Kasim M S;Haron C C;Ghani J A;Azam M A; Rizamshah;Ali M M;Aziz M A (Process Dep, Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Univ, 76100 Hang Tuah Jaya, Melaka, Malaysia, Email: shahir@utem.edu.my) : Influence of cutting parameter on heat generation in high-speed milling inconel 718 under MQL condition. J scient ind Res 2014, 73(1), 62-5.

The paper presents a study of the effect of operating variable parameter; cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and width of cut on heat being generated when end milling under MQL condition. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed in the experiment, and a Box-Behnken design was used to determine the cause and effect of the relationship between the input variables and response. The investigated milling parameters were cutting speed (100 - 140 m/min), feed rate (0.1 - 0.2 mm/tooth), depth of cut (0.5-1.0 mm) and width of cut (0.2 -1.8 mm). Result of this study show ball nose end milling generates low temperature ranging from 69°C to 359°C. Experimental data and statistical analysis showed that heat generation was dominated by radial depth of cut, followed by axial depth of cut. Feed rate and cutting speed were found statistically not significant. The linear models were developed with a 92% confidence level. The optimum condition required for minimum heat generated include cutting speed of 117 m/min, feed rate of 0.11 mm/rev, axial depth of cut of 0.57 mm, and radial depth of cut of 0.21 mm. With this optimum condition, a minimum heat generated of 68°C was obtained.

3 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

013342   Karthikeyan C;Duraiswamy K (Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dep, K.S.R. College of Engineering, Tiruchengode-637 215, Namakkal, Email: ckarthykeya@gmail.com) : New method of electromagnetic interferences reduction in AC-AC power converter fed induction motor drive. J scient ind Res 2013, 72(12), 772-5.

The aim of this paper is to study the effect of EMI in Switched mode PWM Inverter fed AC drive. This Switched mode PWM Inverter has an inherent noise source. This noise is mitigated by a New Active Common Mode Electro Magnetic Interference Filter (ACEF) which is proposed for switched mode power supply applications. The proposed filter is based on current sensing and a compensation circuit which utilizes fast acting transistor amplifier for current compensation. The amplifier is biased with an isolated low voltage DC power supply. Hence, it is possible to construct an active filter independent of the source voltage of the equipment. Thus, this filter can be used in any application regardless of working voltage. Results of Simulations and experiments indicate the effectiveness of the proposed Active Common mode EMI filter. It is also very effective in suppressing the noise due to EMI.

4 illus, 1 ref

013341   Kanimozhi S;Gopalakrishnan K (Electronics Dep, S.N.R. Sons College, Coimbatore-641 006) : Embedded based automatic solar radiation tracker for farmers pump. J Innovative Res Solut 2013, 1(1), 104-8.

Development of an Embedded Based Automatic Solar Radiation tracker for Farmers pump. Fossil fuels are a relatively short-term energy source; consequently, the uses of alternative sources such as solar energy are becoming more wide spread. To make solar energy more viable, the efficiency of solar array systems must be maximized. A feasible approach to maximizing the efficiency of solar array systems is sun tracking. This system controls the movement of a solar array so that it is constantly aligned towards the direction of the sun. The solar tracker designed and constructed in this project offers a reliable and affordable method of aligning a solar module with the sun in order to maximize its energy output. It is used to develop and atomize the solar farmers pump (water pump) considering the power supply, direct current (DC), Alternating current (AC), inverter frequency, a well, water level in the well, submersible mono-block pump. Here we introduce an advanced technique with GSM module. The solar pumps which work by utilizing the energy from the SOLAR ARRAYS and the power from the PV are stored in a battery. The power from the battery is inverted and given to the pump for irrigation. This pump is also controlled by the GSM module. The use of GSM mode is to start and stop working of pumps using mobile phone; the water level monitoring is also done by the GSM mode which this also provides the message for each hour. This is done with the embedded C in PIC16F877A microcontroller. The main advantage of this project is maximizing the solar energy, optimizing the power and also saving electricity. This proves an efficient and economy way of irrigation.

6 ref

013340   Kane A (NO, , World Wind Energy Association) : Wind energy to the rescue of mankind from the menace of the fossil fuel burning hazards. Wat Energy int 2011, 68(2), 12-14.

Out of various renewable energies like solar thermal, solar photovoltaic, tidal energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, etc. today; wind energy is the most promising and economically viable proportion. Wind energy installation is progressing at a compound rate of 31.7% for last 10 years. The wind energy business of the world today is 100 billion US Dollars and it is increasing exponentially. It is estimated that before 2020 it will become 500 billion US Dollars. It is also a big job generator. It is surprising to know that in Germany, today more number of peoples are employed in wind industry than the automobile industry.

3 illus, 1 table

013339   Justinraj P;Muruganadam G (NO, Sona College of Technology, Salem, Email: justinsmile11@gmail.com) : Coimbination of battery or ultra-capacitors hybrid energy storage system for electric vehicles. J Innovative Res Solut 2013, 1A(2), 26-31.

In this paper a new battery or ultra-capacitor hybrid energy of electric vehicles including electric hybrid electric and plug in hybrid electric vehicles according to established custom HESS design which uses a larger dc/dc converter to interface between ultra-capacitor and the battery/dc link to satisfy the real time peak power demand when the ultra-capacitor voltage is below the battery voltage the battery will provide voltage to ultra-capacitor in additions the battery is not used to directly affected energy from the regenerative braking thus the battery separated from frequent charges which will increases the life of battery instructions give you basic guidelines for preparing papers for conference proceedings.

7 illus, 6 ref

013338   Jeyanthi S;Janci Rani J (Automobile Engineering Dep, MIT, Anna Univ, Chennai, Email: jeygan@gmail.com) : High velocity impact analysis of the thermoplastic bumpers in automobiles. J scient ind Res 2014, 73(1), 66-8.

Reducing the weight of the vehicle is most important to increase fuel efficiency. Hence all vehicle manufacturers seek alternative light weight materials instead of conventional heavy materials. Bumper is one of the main part which are used as protection for passengers from front and rear accidents. The aim of this study was to analyze the structure and material employed for car bumper manufacture. It is necessary to consider material, structures, shapes and impact conditions for design and analysis of the bumper beam in order to improve the crash worthiness. The material chosen for this research is Long fiber reinforced thermoplastics (LFRT) and impact testing were done by high velocity centre pole frontal impact as per Federation of motor vehicle safety standards (FMVSS). The selected materials and design are compared to each other to find the best material with highest material strength and structure design using experimental and by finite element analysis (FEA). Design and Simulation are done using CAD software like Pro-E, Hyper Mesh and LSDYNA. The comparisons were done to prove the long fiber reinforced thermoplastic can replace the existing thermoplastic bumpers like glass mat thermoplastic (GMT) and sheet molding compound (SMC).

3 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

013337   Javed A;Manna P;Chakraborty D (NO, Defence Research & Development Laboratory, Hyderabad, Email: debasis_cfd@drdl.drdo.in) : Numerical simulation of a dual pulse solid rocket motor flow field. Def Sci J 2012, 62(6), 369-74.

Numerical simulations are carried out for the internal flow field of a dual pulse solid rocket motor port to understand the flow behaviour. Three dimensional Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations are solved alongwith shear stress transport turbulence model using commercial code. The combustion gas is assumed as a mixture of alumina and gases and single phase flow calculations are done with the thermo chemical properties provided for the mixture. The simulation captures all the essential features of the flow field. The flow accelerates through the pulse separation device (PSD) port and high temperature and high velocity gas is seen to impinge the motor wall near the PSD port. The overall total pressure drop through motor port and through PSD is found to be moderate.

10 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

013336   Hooda D S (NO, Jaypee Institute of Engineering and Technology, Raghogarh-473 226, Email: dshooda@rediffmail.com) : Maximum entropy risk model for investment management. Arya Bhatta J Math Inf 2012, 4(1), 167-74.

Every investor wants to maximize his profits by selecting proper strategy for investment. There are investments like governments and bank securities, real estate, mutual funds and blue chips stocks that have low return but relatively safe because of a proven record of non-volatility in price fluctuations. On the other hand, there are investments which being high return, but may be prone to great deal of risk and the investor makes loss in case the investment goes sour. It is very interesting that how the investor should invest his funds so that his expected return for all his investments is maximized and at the same time his risk of losing his capital is minimized. In the present communication we discuss a deterministic model due to Markowitz who gave the concept of mean variance efficient frontier to find all efficient portfolios that maximize the expected returns and minimize the variance. Risk aversion index and Pareto-optimal sharing of risk sharing are explained. Some measures of portfolio analysis based on entropy mean-variance frontier and maximum entropy model in risk sharing are proposed and studied.

2 illus, 10 ref

013335   Hemachandra K;Fernando C (Nano-technology Research Laboratory, Electronics Dep, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Wayamba Sri Lanka Univ, Kuliyapitiya, Sri Lanka, Email: nandanaf@phy.ruh.ac.lk) : Photocurrent enhancement in the Cu/p-CuI/R-C₁₈/(I<. Invertis J renewable Energy 2013, 3(4), 179-82.

From this study authors report Cu/p-CuI//R-C₁₈/(I^-/I^-₃)/CAC/ITO new electrochemical device for the first time as a sandwiched type dye-sensitized solar cell. Coconut shell activated charcoal (CAC) was used as the counter electrode in the electrochemical device. A remarkable photocurrent enhancement was obtained with CAC thin film deposited from doctor blade method on to the dye layer to operate the redox reactions 0fI-/I-3 redox couple inside the pours of the activated carbon layer.

4 illus, 11 ref

013334   Gururanjani S;Krishnamoorthi K (Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dep, Sona College of Technology, Salem-5, Email: sgururanjani@gmail.com) : Novel approach of MPPT for PV cell using fuzzy. J Innovative Res Solut 2013, 1A(2), 42-9.

Solar energy is considered one of the most promising energy sources due to its infinite power. A harmless energy sources is probably solar energy. The solar power has greatest impact because it works without polluting the environment. Since solar power panel is relatively more expensive, it's important to operate the panels at maximum power condition. For this an MPPT is used which can transfer the energy from array to an electrical system. The amount of power generated from a photovoltaic (PV) system mainly depends on the following factors, such as temperatures and solar irradiances. A photovoltaic array (PVA) simulation model to be used in Mat lab-Simulink GUI environment is developed and presented in this paper. The model is developed using basic circuit equations of the photovoltaic (PV) solar cells including the effects of solar irradiation and temperature changes. This paper is based on the constant current from the MPPT. A six PV cell are used with the total capacity of 510 watts each cell produces 85watts. The boost converter is used for step up the voltage. The boost converter has the MOSFET which acts as a switch and fed by fuzzy logic controller with PWM for controlling the switching action of converter. The experimental results show that the PV power system, using the proposed MPPT algorithm, is able to accurately track maximum power points under rapid temperature variations. A FLC is to control the MPPT and the simulation is in closed loop.

17 illus, 12 ref

013333   Gupta S (NO, Galaxy Global Group of Institutions, Dinarpur, Ambala, Haryana) : Bi-objective optimal analysis with arbitrary machine order under fuzzy processing time. Arya Bhatta J Math Inf 2012, 4(1), 147-50.

Problem os scheduling in permutation flow shops has been investigated by many researchers. Its aim is to determine a sequence of jobs processing on a given set of machines. The need of scheduling arises for the limited resources available to the decision - maker and it is an important aspect of operation level shop floor decisions. Its importance and relevance to industry has prompted researchers to study it from different perspective. In real situations, some times the inventory cost of jobs on machines effects costly. This paper analyze the processing time of machies in fuzzy environment with inventory factor in production scheduling Transportation time is included while the machine order is immaterial i.e. job shop problem is considered.

1 table, 6 ref

013332   Dwivedi R D;Goel R K;Singh M;Viladkar M N (NO, CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Regional Centre, Roorkee, Email: rddwivedi@hotmail.com) : State-of-the-art of tunnelling through squeezing ground conditions. J Rock Mech Tunnelling Technol 2012, 18(2), 117-40.

On excavation of rock mass, the equilibrium of in situ stresses is disturbed around the excavation and redistribution of stresses takes place. If the induced stresses exceed the strength of the rock mass around periphery of the underground opening, failure of rock mass takes place developing a broken zone around it. The radius of the broken zone depends upon value of in situ stresses and the rock mass quality whereas its shape varies with the shape of the tunnel and in situ stress anisotropy. The failed rock mass around the tunnel periphery starts advancing in the tunnel. The excessive tunnel closure is required to be arrested by installing supports in time. In very poor rock masses under the influence of high in situ stresses, this closure is very high and leads to squeezing ground conditions. The paper summarizes the state-of-the-art with regard to prediction of squeezing ground condition, tunnel closure and support pressure for future direction of research.

6 illus, 82 ref

013331   Chinnusamy T R;Krishnan M;Saravanan M; Shanmugasundaram B;Karthikeyan T (Mechanical Engineering, K.S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, Email: chinnu_samy80@yahoo.co.in) : Flexible manufacturing system scheduling with dynamic environment. J Innovative Res Solut 2013, 1A(2), 16-20.

Flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] are offered as one of the important manufacturing technology to handle the current dynamic environment effectively. Number of approaches is used in FMS system for solving scheduling problems. However, many of these approaches fail to perform with real time events for the complex problems. In this paper, dispatching rules are used to schedule the job in FMS at static and dynamic condition. Amongst the used dispatching rules the longest processing time [LPT] performs better in static condition. With machine breakdown as real time event the most operation remaining [MOR] dispatching rules performs better in dynamic condition while considering the performance measures as machine utilization and idle time of Automated Guided Vehicle [AGV].

3 illus, 4 tables, 20 ref

013330   Chen J;Chen X;Zhu X;Li J (NO, Jiangsu Univ, Jiangsu-212 013, China) : Accuracy analysis of attitude computation based on optimal coning algorithm. Def Sci J 2012, 62(6), 361-8.

To accurately evaluate the applicability of optimal coning algorithms, the direct influence of their periodic components on attitude accuracy is investigated. The true value of the change of the rotation vector is derived from the classical coning motion for analytic comparison. The analytic results show that the influence of periodic components is mostly dominant in two types of optimal coning algorithms. Considering that the errors of periodic components cannot be simply neglected, these algorithms are categorized with simplified forms. A variety of simulations are done under the classical coning motion. The numerical results are in good agreement with the analytic deductions. Considering their attitude accuracy, optimal coning algorithms of the 4-subinterval and 5-subinterval algorithms optimized with angular increments are not recommended for use for real application.

3 illus, 4 tables, 13 ref

013329   Charlesbabu J;Gopalakrishnan K (NO, , Electronics Dep, S.N.R. Sons College, Email: babucharles32@gmail.com) : Dye-sensitized solar cells made up of nanosheet-based zinc oxide films are fabricated on a flexible polymer substrate. J Innovative Res Solut 2013, 1A(2), 5-8.

Present studies were Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystalline sheets are self-assembled on a flexible polymer substrate to act as the electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells by an electro deposition process (nano structured materials can be synthesized by a number of techniques are available, such as inert gas condensation, plasma processing, physical and chemical vapor deposition, electrodeposition, mechanical alloying, rapid solidification, sol-gel, micro-emulsion, spark erosion, and severe plastic deformation). It is discovered that the nanosheet-based solar cell exhibited better Performance than the nano-particle based on a solar cell or a well-oriented nanowire-based solar cell. The nano-sheet of micro structure has advantages which include the depression of loss during photoelectron transport, the increase of dye compound adsorption, and to enhance of incident light capture. As a result, the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells can be obviously improved. This success provides a feasible bottom up approach for integrating a solar cell together with nanodevices and microcircuits on a flexible substrate which can work with self-supplied solar energy.

2 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

013328   Chakraborty D;Anbalagan R (EG Div, GSI-NER, Shillong, Meghalaya, Email: anbaiitr@gmail.com) : Meso-scale landslide hazard zonation (LHZ) mapping technique- a case study of Nainital area, Uttarakhand. J Rock Mech Tunnelling Technol 2012, 18(2), 97-115.

Planning and execution of development schemes in Himalayan terrain is often a challenging task because of fragile nature of this mountain ecosystem. Improperly planned constructional practices, without taking into account adverse geological features, may result in large scale hill slope instabilities. The current paper deals with detailed description of meso-scale (1:5000 - 1:10000) landslide hazard zonation (LHZ) technique which has been evolved incorporating various causative factors responsible for slope instability. This technique may prove to be helpful for town planners for choosing suitable locations for urbanization and also expansion of existing urban settlements in hilly terrains. As a case study, this technique has been applied for evaluating stability of hill slopes in and around Nainital, a famous hill station in Kumaun Himalaya, India.

5 illus, 17 tables, 11 ref

013327   Birappa V (NO, , GETCO) : Wind energy in Gujarat issues and challenges. Wat Energy int 2011, 68(2), 20-3.

Moving from 20% to 50% of wind power calls for need for improved wind power forecast and optimal reserve capacities, strong price signal to wind energy generator against deviation from forecast and strong transmission grid. Therefore wind energy developers have to come forward with the developing infrastructure for forecasting wind energy and make power more grid friendly to accommodate more wind energy in the states.

5 illus, 2 tables

013326   Bindlish A;Singh M;Samadhiya N K (Civil Engineering Dep, College of Engineering Univ, Rajasthan Technical Univ, Kota-324 010, Email: ajaybindlish67@rediffmail.com) : Experimental study on ultimate bearing capacity of a foundation in anisotropic rock masses. J Rock Mech Tunnelling Technol 2012, 18(2), 79-96.

Rock Masses encountered beneath the foundations of heavy civil engineering structures are generally jointed and anisotropic in mechanical behavior. General approach to estimate the bearing capacity of shallow foundations in such rock masses is to consider the rock mass an isotropic continuum. Very few studies are reported in literature which consider the anisotropy in bearing capacity computations. Probably, the only methodologies suggested for anisotropic rock masses are those proposed by Prakoso and Kulhaway (2004), and, Singh and Rao (2005). Singh and Rao (2005) approach was derived from the outcome of experimental studies comprising uniaxial and triaxial tests on specimens of jointed model of plaster of Paris (POP). The approach considers four fold failure mechanism namely rotation of blocks, shearing of blocks, tensile splitting of intact rocks and sliding along the existing joint. However, no experimental or field investigation is available to validate the four fold mechanism assumed by Singh and Rao (2005). In the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate the failure mechanism of jointed blocky rock mass below shallow foundations through bearing capacity tests under plane strain conditions. Plaster of Paris has been used as a model material to simulate the intact rock material. Specimens of rock mass, having various joint configurations were assembled using plaster of Paris blocks. Broadly the jointed rock mass specimens were divided into two categories. Type-A specimens comprised of a set of continuous joints orthogonal to each other. The type-B specimens used staggered joints. The orientation of joints was varied from 0° to 90° for both the specimen types. A footing plate was placed on the top of the mass and was loaded up to the bearing capacity failure. The results on failure modes, anisotropy in bearing capacity and settlements are presented in this paper.

9 illus, 5 tables, 22 ref

013325   Anu N;Rangabhashiyam S;Selvaraju N; Pushpavanam S (Chemical Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode-673 601, Kerala, Email: selvaraju@nitc.ac.in ) : Holistic approach combining factor analysis, positive matrix factorization and UNMIX applied to receptor modeling. J scient ind Res 2013, 72(12), 754-9.

The contribution of various sources over the air pollution enables to establish effective control policies. The present work focuses on the holistic approach of combining factor analysis (FA), positive matrix factorization (PMF) and UNMIX in order to identify the sources and their contributions through analysis of ions and elements in particulate matter (PM₁₀), organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC). Insight from the emission inventory, various models has been used to remove subjectivity in source identification. In the first method the proposed approach verified using a synthetic data and then the method has been again repeated with field (R.K Nagar, Chennai, India) study data. Factor analysis identified four factors with 99.7% of the variation in the measured data. PMF and UNMIX identified marine aerosol, fuel oil combustion, coal combustion and soil dust based on source profile and contribution results of synthetic dataset. The R.K Nagar data provided four sources such as marine aerosol, soil dust, coal combustion and secondary aerosols through the PMF and UNMIX. The obtained source contributions of these sources from PMF and UNMIX are 30.13% and 56.44%, 9.43% and 3.83%, 39.99% and 19.08%, 20.45% and 20.65% respectively.

2 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref

013324   Anbazhagan R;Srinivasan V (NO, School of Mechanical Engineering, Bharath Univ, Chennai-73, Email: anbu.mit@gmail.com) : Effect of compression ratio on performance and exhaust emission characteristcs of diesel engine powered by Jatropha curcas oil. J Innovative Res Solut 2013, 1A(2), 9-15.

In this investigation, an attempt has been made to study the effect of compression ratio on the performance and emission characteristics of an insulated piston head diesel engine fueled by M.E.J.O (Methyl Esters of Jatropha Curcas Oil). The principle involved is variation in compression ratio is inversely proportional to the clearance volume of the engine. Thus the piston head of the engine was unanimously coated with ceramic, a bond of Alumina - Titania by Detonation firing process. The change in the piston head design directly affects the compression ratio of the engine. The engine performance as well as emission characteristics of insulated piston head diesel engine have been compared. Results show that for the coated piston head diesel engine the brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature, and smoke density, NO are increased, while BSFC, CO, and HC are reduced when compression ratio is increased. Under normal conditions MEJO has given out less amount of'NO, HC while CO and smoke density has increased.

10 illus, 2 tables, 4 ref

013323   Anant Vaibhav;Jain S;Goyal L (Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dep, Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, Rohini, Sector-22, Delhi-110 086, Email: anant.vaib@gmail.com ) : VSC based AC-DC converter for futuristic applications in DC interconnection of renewable energy sources in smart grids. Invertis J renewable Energy 2013, 3(4), 186-91.

This paper aims at the modeling of a voltage source converter (VSC) rectifier to convert 3-ΦAC supply to DC supply with the help of hysteresis current control (HCC) scheme and PI controller has been used for accurate results. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by using MATLAB-Simulink software for the considered power system. A'3-Φ415, 50HzAC supply was rectified to DC voltage of 720 V for the load of 6 kW using PWM switching. Due to its high reliability and clean output, this model can be used in smart grids where hybrid of various renewable power generation systems is incorporated for uninterrupted and clean power supplies.

5 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

013322    (NO, , ) : Construction of head race tunnel for Sewa H.E. project (stage-II), lot SW-1: innovative approach- a case study. Wat Energy int 2011, 68(2), 36-41.

012284   Zhu J;Shi L;Sun W;Lu S (NO, National ASIC System Engineering Research Center, Southeast Univ, Nanjing-China) : Robust 3-D structure for superjunction VDMOS under unclamped inductive switching condition. IETE J Res 2012, 58(6), 447-50.

Novel 3-D structure for Superjunction (SJ) VDMOS which results in high avalanche energy (E_AS) under undamped inductive switching condition without degrading the ON-state current capability is reported in this paper. The proposed structure fabricated in deep trench technology has segmented n+ source region and strip gate. The novel structure can suppress the hole current path beneath the n+ source region under avalanche breakdown condition because of the p+ region which is located between the segmented n+ source regions. In order to verify the mechanism, numerous 3-D simulations are performed using Sentaurus TCAD. As a result, the measurement shows that the robust deep trench SJ-VDMOS improved the E_AS by more than six times compared with the conventional structure.

7 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

012283   Wang J;Ning H;Ling-Feng M (NO, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang Univ, Beijing) : Analysis of resonant frequency for electromagnetic bandgap structure based on phase coherence. IETE J Res 2012, 58(6), 459-63.

New method based on phase coherence for resonant frequency analysis of the electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure is proposed in this paper. Based on a simplified analysis model of reflected and transmitted waves, the resonant frequencies of reflection coefficient for two-unit cells are achieved through the phase of transmission coefficient for one-unit cell. For the purpose of method verification, a microstrip EBG structure is simulated and measured, which shows great consistence of resonant frequency between phase coherence method analysis and actual simulation/measurement. Since the proposed method explains the resonance of EBG structure from the interference of electromagnetic waves level, it has a clear physical meaning. Moreover, it may provide a convenient way for the characteristic analysis of EBG structure.

6 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

012282   Verma D;Gope P C;Maheshwari M K;Sharma R K (NO, College of Engineering Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, Email: dverma.mech@gmail.com) : Mechanical peoperties and morphological study of fly-ash-bagasse composites. J Instn Engrs : Ser D 2013, 93(2), 65-71.

In recent years the natural fiber epoxy composite has attracted substantial importance as a potential structural material. The natural fiber composites can be very cost effective material. In the present investigation the development of a Fly ash-Bagasse fiber composite material has been discussed. The Bagasse fiber has been used in two different sizes for the developed material. In two developed composites, diameter of Bagasse fiber has been varied between 13-16 μm and 83-95 μm in length. Correspondingly in other two developed composites; length of Bagasse fiber has been varied from 1 to 5 mm. It was observed that the density decreases by mixing the fiber was more as compared to the composite having both Bagasse fiber and Fly ash. A Bagasse fiber composite with size in the range of μm exhibited better tensile strength than the composite having Bagasse fiber size in mm. The compressive strength of the material increases, if Fly ash alone is used for the composite material but, when Bagasse fiber was mixed with the Fly ash, it was found that there has been a decrease in the compressive strength. It was also observed that there has been a decrease in the flexural strength of the material by mixing the Bagasse fiber in the matrix. The microstructure of composite material was investigated by using Scanning Electron Microscope. The images from Scanning Electron Microscope demonstrated that the Fly ash and Bagasse fiber particles are uniformly distributed over the matrix.

7 illus, 9 tables, 14 ref