023792   Sekhon J S;Verma S S (Physics Dep, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Teechnology Longowal, Sangrur-148 106, Email: jagmeetsekhon@ymail.com) : Plasmonics: the future wave of communication. Curr Sci 2011, 101(4), 484-8.

Plasmonics offers the potential of developing a communication device with a diffraction limit in the range of present-day electronic microprocessors and data carrying capacity equal to that of photonic devices. This study represents a comprehensive introduction to the various physical mechanisms that generate surface plasmons and their applications. The progress and future prospects of plasmonics particularly as a next generation of wave communication is reviewed highlighting the significant challenges in achieving it.

^ssc1 illus, 43 ref

023791   Sathiyamurthy S;Syed Abu Thaheer A;Jayabal S (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Dhaanish Ahmed College of Engineering, Chennai-601 301, Email: ssathya1978@gmail.com) : Modelling and optimization of mechanical behaviors of Al₂O₃-coir-polyester composites using response surface methodology. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2013, 20(1), 59-67.

Tensile, flexural, impact and abrasion loss behaviors of A1₂O₃ impregnated coir fiber-reinforced polyester composites are evaluated. The short untreated coir fibers are used as reinforcements in polyester matrix. The effects of fiber length, fiber diameter and filler content on the mechanical properties of alumina-coir-polyester composites are studied by developed regression models in this investigation. The optimum parameters for better mechanical properties are determined using response surface methodology approach.

14 illus, 6 tables, 12 ref

023790   SanthanaKumar P;Abraham A;JosephBensingh R; Ilangovan S (NO, Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology, Chennai, Email: kumarpsk@yahoo.co.in) : Computational and experimental analysis of a counter-rotating wind turbine system. J scient ind Res 2013, 72(5), 300-6.

Wind power is a sustainable and; clean source of energy. Single rotor wind turbines (SRWT) of horizontal in nature are the conventional wind turbines, which are used to extract the power from wind. In the past two decades, research have been carried out on Counter Rotating Wind Turbine (CRWT) system and reported that the power extracted is relatively more for a given swept area than that of a SRWT. In the present study, a CRWT, having primary (upwind) and secondary (downwind) rotors with different diameters, which has been reported in a literature is considered and analyzed for its turbine characteristics (power, torque) using commercial software Fluent 6.2 and wind tunnel testing. The flow around the SRWT and CRWT was simulated by using finite volume method coupled with Moving Reference Frame (MRF) technique to solve the governing equations. In this present study the Standard k-ωi shear stress transport turbulence model was considered. For pressure-velocity coupling of the flow second-order upwind discretization scheme (SIMPLEC) was adopted. The results on the power output from SRWT and CRWT using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) have been compared with the literature values. A parametric study on axial distance between two rotors have also been investigated by CFD and it is observed that for 0.65d (d is diameter of primary rotor) the power increase is about 10% for a wind velocity of 10 m/s. Further, a scaled model of CRWT is fabricated using Rapid Prototyping-FDM technique for optimum axial distance of 0.65d with the accuracy of O.1mm and wind tunnel testing was done with the prony brake-strain gauge assembly for variousvelocities and it is predicted that there is a power increase for CRWT comparing SRWT.

6 illus, 34 ref

023789   Sanjay Kumar;Rakesh Kumar;Singh R D (NO, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee) : Application of feed-forward neural networks in flood forecasting. Wat Energy int 2011, 68(1), 41-6.

Flood forecasting is an important non-structural solution for reducing flood damages in unprotected flood prone regions (Table 1) Different flood forecasting models are currently in use based upon the availability of data, warning time required and the purpose of the forecast. The present study investigates a recent approach based on Feed-Forward Neural Network (FFNN) to model the runoff process at Jamtara gauging site of Ajay river basin. A univariate FFNN model is developed for flood forecasting using runoff values for six-hours-ahead forecasts. The observed and computed flood hydrographs for six-hours-ahead forecast model are compared and the performance of the developed model is evaluated in term of r.m.s.e. For each flood hydrograph.

4 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

023788   Saha S;Chakraborty D (NO, Defence Research & Development Laboratory, Hyderabad-500 005, Email: debasis_cfd@drdl.drdo.in) : Hypersonic intake starting characteristics-a CFD validation study. Def Sci J 2012, 62(3), 147-52.

Numerical simulation of hypersonic intake starting characteristics is presented. Three dimensional RANS equations are solved alongwith SST turbulence model using commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. Wall pressure distribution and intake performance parameters are found to match well with experimental data for different free stream Mach number in the range of 3-8. The unstarting of the intake is traced from the sudden drop of mass capture ratio. Wall condition (adiabatic or isothermal) is seen to have pronounced effect in estimating the performance parameters in the intake. The computed unstarting Mach number is seen to be higher for adiabatic condition compared to isothermal condition. For unstarting case, large separation bubble is seen near the entrance of the intake, which is responsible for expulsion of the shock system out of the intake.

11 illus, 21 ref

023787   Ravindra Babu P;Ankamma K;Siva Prasad T;Raju A V S;Eswara Prasad N (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru-521 356, Email: nep@cemilac.drdo.in) : Optimization of burnishing parameters and determination of select surface characteristics in engineering materials. Sadhana 2012, 37(4), 503-20.

The present study is aimed at filling the gaps in scientific understanding of the burnishing process, and also to aid and arrive at technological solutions for the surface modifications based on burnishing of some of the commonly employed engineering materials. The effects of various burnishing parameters on the surface characteristics, surface microstructure, micro hardness are evaluated, reported and discussed in the case of EN Series steels (EN 8, EN 24 and EN 31), Aluminum alloy (AA6061) and Alpha-beta brass. The burnishing parameters considered for studies principally are burnishing speed, burnishing force, burnishing feed and number of passes. Taguchi technique is employed in the present investigation to identify the most influencing parameters on surface roughness. Effort is also made to identify the optimal burnishing parameters and the factors for scientific basis of such optimization. Finally, a brief attempt is made to construct the Burnishing maps with respect to strength level (in this case, average micro hardness of unburnished material).

8 illus, 10 tables, 20 ref

023786   Ramesh Kumar V;Bhuvaneshwari B;Maheswaran S; Palani G S;Ravisankar K;Iyer N R (NO, CSIR-Structral Engineering Research Centre, CSIR Campus, Taramani, Chennai-600 113, Email: ramesh@sercm.org) : Overview of techniuques based on biomimetics for sustainable development of concrete. Curr Sci 2011, 101(6), 741-7.

Biomimetics is a field of science that studies biological processes for effectively using them in the development of innovative engineering materials and systems. It is a new field of emergence in materials science and engineering in which lessons learned from biology form the basis for evolution of novel technological materials. Biomimetics is finding application in diverse areas ranging from micro/nano electronics to civil/structural engineering. This article presents a critical review of the literature on biomimetics in civil engineering and its application for the development of sustainable materials in the construction industry. It includes various methodologies such as bio-' deposition, which has influenced material evolution, and biomineralization, which is a complex phenomenon by which organisms form minerals seen in various geothermal systems. The article deals with the initial usage of Bacillus pasteurii for filling up the pores for crack remediation and research work on it by changing the nutrient source and strain improvement of the same towards increasing the strength of concrete. The article also discusses a new type of thermophilic anaerobic microorganism belonging to Shewanella species, which when added to concrete, has shown to increase the strength of the concrete. This is due to growth of filler material within the pores of the cement-sand matrix. Thus, there is ample scope for development of biomimetics-based sustainable construction materials.

4 illus, 2 tables, 34 ref

023785   Puli Kishore Kumar;Kishore Kumar T (NO, National Institute of Technology, Warangal-506 004, Email: pulikishorek@nitw.ac.in) : Ultra-wideband impulse-based radar signals for through-the-wall imaging. Def Sci J 2012, 62(3), 187-92.

Ultra-wideband (UWB) is the promising technology for localization of the objects behind the walls. Recent terrorist activities and law-enforcement situations underscore the need for effective through-wall detection. The approval of UWB technology made by federal communications commission (FCC) in 2002 makes the researchers to have a look on this technology. UWB radar signals has extremely large frequency spectrum and since low frequencies has more penetration capabilities through dielectric materials it is best suitable for through-the-wall radar imaging (TWRI). Signal processing in TWRI has a greater impact in getting the information of the scanned area. This paper uses impulse signals in TWRI, examines the factors impacting in TWRI and obtains the two dimensional information of the scanned scene. Electromagnetic simulation software is used to generate the room like structure, and to obtain the raw radar data.

11 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

023784   Priya Iyer K B;Shanthi V (NO, MOP Vaishnav College for Women, Chennai, Email: priya_balu_2002@yahoo.co.in) : Privacy aware location based service. J scient ind Res 2013, 72(5), 294-9.

Recent technology drive in communications, positioning and geographical systems opens novel location based applications on current Smart phones. Smart phone users have to disclose their identity to Content Providers to accesses these location based services. In spite of tremendous benefits offered by these apps, User Privacy is compromised. In this survey, identified a logical structure of grouping the concepts of location privacy. It has been examined the location based services from abroad perspective involving definitions, characteristics, devices, applications and an overview of modeling regarding privacy preserving techniques and privacy metrics. It is concluded that the user privacy is addressed in existing applications and analyzed the factors that assess the efficiency of these privacy techniques under real-world conditions. It further helps researchers to identify open issues in the field of location privacy in LBS.

3 illus, 1 table, 34 ref

023783   Prasanna B N;Jadala S (NDPL, , ) : On line AMR systems NDPL experience. Wat Energy int 2011, 68(1), 14-17.

AMR systems will undoubtedly help the utilities to curb AT&C losses, which are major challenge for all utilities in India. Utilities need to extract the benefits of available technologies for achieving efficient systems and processes thus serving the consumers in a better way.

5 illus

023782   Pradhan S C (Aerospace Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302, Email: scp.aero@gmail.com) : Buckling analysis and small scale effect of biaxially compressed graphene sheets using non-local elasticity theory. Sadhana 2012, 37(4), 461-80.

In this paper, buckling analysis of biaxially compressed graphene sheets with non-local elasticity theory is reported. The equations of motion for graphene sheet are derived using non-local local elasticity theory. Levy's approach has been used to solve the governing equations for various boundary conditions of the graphene sheet. Present results from Levy's solution agree with the results for all edges simply supported available in the literature. Further, the effect of the (i) non-local parameter, (ii) size of the graphene sheet and (iii) various boundary conditions on the critical buckling loads of the graphene sheets are investigated. It is observed that non-local parameter and boundary conditions significantly influence the critical buckling loads of the small size graphene sheets.

14 illus, 1 table, 43 ref

023781   Phadnis S S P;Kulsreshtha M (Water Resources Dep, , Madhya Pradesh) : Need of benchmarking for socially and environmentally sustainable development of a major irrigation scheme. Wat Energy int 2011, 68(1), 30-6.

It is a proven fact that the quantity and quality of available water resources have been recognized as limiting factors in development of most of the arid and semi arid regions. The function of the conveyance and distribution systems and services should be providing sufficient water in a timely manner so that it can be used efficiently for crop production. Reliability, flexibility and efficiency are then keywords for a modernization plan. Optimal use of available surface and groundwater, in any canal command area would result in their better utilization by maximizing the benefits from the crop production and the environmentally sustainable development and management of water resources in an integrated and participatory approach. Water consumption is highest in Irrigation sector; therefore it is a sector where performance assessment is necessary to ensure optimum utilization of water. This paper presents a need of Benchmarking of Major Irrigation Projects for socially and environmentally sustainable development in India based on Integrated and participatory approach.

11 illus, 29 ref

023780   Patel R S;Roy M;Dutta G K (Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry Dep, College of Veterinary Science & A.H. Anjora, Durg Chhattisgarh, Email: drriddhi83@gmail.com) : Mass spectrometry. Vet Wld 2012, 5(3), 185-92.

Mass spectrometer is an instrument that can measure the masses and relative concentrations of atoms and molecules. It is also an analytical technique that identifies the chemical composition of a compound or sample based on the mass-to-charge ratio of charged particles, A mass spectrometer has three essential modules, an ion source-which transforms the molecules in a sample into ionized fragments, a mass analyser-which sorts the ions by their masses by applying electro- magnetic field and a detector-which measures the value of some indicator quantity and thus provides data for calculating the abundances each ion fragment present The technique has both qualitative and quantitative uses. Mass spectrometers are sensitive detectors of isotopes based on their masses. They are used in carbon dating and other radioactive dating processes The combination of a mass spectrometer and a gas chromatograph makes a powerful tool for the detection of trace quantities of contaminants or toxins. A number of satellites and spacecraft have mass spectrometers for the identification of the small numbers of particles intercepted in space Mass spectrometiy is an important tool for characterization of proteins. Pharmacokinetics is often studied using mass spectrometry because of the complex nature of the matrix (often blood or urine. Mass spectrometers are used for the analysis of residual gases in high vacuum systems.

^iia29 ref

023779   Padmavathi N;Ghosal P;Eswara Prasad N; Subramanyam J;Ray K K (NO, Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory (DMRL), DRDO, PO Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad-500 058, Email: nep@cemilac.drdo.in) : Synthesis of carbon fibre-reinforced, silicon carbide composites by soft-solution approach. Sadhana 2012, 37(4), 493-502.

Aim of the present work centers on synthesizing and characterizing carbon fibre (C_f) reinforced, silicon carbide matrix composites which are considered to have potential applications in aerospace and automobile industry. A series of composites, namely the C_f-SiC, C_f-(SiC+ZrC), C_f-(SiC+ZrB₂), and C_f-(SiC+ZrO₂), have been prepared by a proposed soft-solution approach. This approach involves the use of water-soluble precursors of colloidal silica, sucrose, zirconium oxychloride, and boric acid as sources of silica, carbon, zirconia, and boron oxide, respectively to achieve the desired matrices through drying, carbonization and carbothermal reduction. The prepared powders and the composites were characterized by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses to assess the phase formation and microstructure of the materials, apart from assessment of their tensile properties. The study shows that the soft-solution process yields matrices with finer crystallite sizes, having homogeneous distribution of the constituent phases of either the powders or of the composite matrices. The role of the additional phases on the tensile properties of the composites has been discussed using consideration of thermal stresses at fibre-matrix interface; whereas the role of the carbothermal reduction temperature in determining these properties has been explained using the interfacial characteristics of the fibre-matrix. Addition of ZrO₂ in the matrix of SiC has shown to improve the properties of C_f-SiC composites considerably. The results of this investigation unambiguously demonstrate that aqueous: solution-based processing can be used for fabrication of these composites in relatively shorter time in an environmental friendly manner without using any expensive equipment. The approach is capable of yielding composites with different phases in the matrix by simple variation of precursor materials and solutions. The small crystallite sizes, fine particle distribution and low carbothermal reduction temperatures are some of the specific merits of the proposed method.

7 illus, 18 ref

023778   Onur Y A;Imrak C E (Mechanical Engineering, Bulent Ecevit Univ, 67100 Zonguldak, Turkey, Email: aytaconur@hotmail.com ) : Experimental determination of degradation influence on bending over sheave fatigue life of steel wire ropes. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2013, 20(1), 14-20.

In this study, effects of internal and external wire breaks, abrasive wear, insufficient lubrication, curling on bending over sheave fatigue life of steel wire ropes have been investigated. Experimental studies have been performed for two different steel wire ropes to investigate how steel wire rope samples are affected by degradations. Experimental results have been compared and the most critical degradation type and severity orders of defects or failures on bending over sheave fatigue life for both ropes have been presented. The most critical degradation type has been found as four adjacent internal strand breaks for rotation resistant rope and 3x2 external wire breaks for 6 x 36 WS rope among another degradation types investigated. The results indicate that bending over sheave fatigue life is influenced substantially by degradations artificially created.

8 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

023777   Nayak N;Banerjee A;Datta D (NO, Proof and Experimental Establishment, Chandipur, DRDO, Balasore-756 025, Email: nnayakpxe@yahoo.com) : Ultrasonic assessment of bullet inflicted damage in aramid laminated composites. Def Sci J 2012, 62(3), 153-8.

Immersion type ultrasonic C-scan has been performed on Twaron-epoxy (T-E) and Twaron-polypropylene (T-PP) composite laminates impacted by 7.62 mm armor piercing (AP) projectile with different striking velocities to assess the bullet inflicted damage area. Square zones of size 72 mm by 72 mm around each impact area are subjected ultrasonic C-scan in pulse echo mode. Ultrasonic features are extracted and processed to estimate the damage area in the laminates due to each impact. The variation in internal damage area is correlated with ballistic properties of composite laminates. It is observed that in the similar range of impact velocity, the damage area is invariably higher in composites made from thermoplastic polypropylene (PP) resin compared to the thermoset epoxy resin. The internal damage area of impacted panel is found to decrease with increase in impact velocity for both the types of resin matrix which corroborated the trend in experimental ballistic curve. The internal damage area, however, increases substantially when shot lodging takes place inside the laminate below ballistic limit or upon excessive yawing.

10 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

023776   Nagar P;Sengar A;Sharma M (Electronics and Communication Dep, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda Univ, Greater Noida) : Hand shape based gesture recognition in hardware. Archiv appl Sci Res 2013, 5(3), 261-9.

It is possible to recognize and classify ten hand gestures based solely on their shapes. This paper discusses a simple recognition algorithm that uses three shape-based features of a hand to identify what gesture it is conveying. The overall algorithm has three main steps: segmentation, feature calculation, and classification. The algorithm takes an input image of a hand gesture and calculates three features of the image, two based on compactness, and one based on radial distance. The parameters found in the classification step were obtained empirically using 200 hand images. The algorithm was tested on another 200 hand images, and was able to successfully classify 182 images, or with an overall success rate of 91 percent.

10 ref

023775   Munassar N M A;Govardhan A (Computer Science & Engineering Dep, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological Univ, Kuktapally, Hyderabad-500 085, Email: govardhan_cse@yahooc.o.in) : Comparison between traditional approach and object-oriented approach in software engineering development. Int J Comp Applic 2011, 6(2), 131-8.

Discusses the comparison between Traditional approach that use in traditional projects that build by procedural languages like C program language and Object-Oriented approach that develops projects which use Object-Oriented programming like C++ and Java programming languages. Traditional approach has a lot of models that deal with different types of projects such as waterfall, spiral, iterative and v-shaped, but all of them and other lacks to flexible to deal with other kinds of projects like Object-Oriented. Object-oriented Software Engineering (OOSE) is an object modeling language and methodology. The approach of using object - oriented techniques for designing a system is referred to as object - oriented design. Object -oriented development approaches are best suited to projects that will implement systems using emerging object technologies to construct, manage, and assemble those objects into useful computer applications. Object oriented design is the continuation of object- oriented analysis, continuing to center the development focus on object modeling techniques.

9 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

023774   Mittal M;Nath S K;Satya Prakash (NO, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247 667, Email: manojmittal74@yahoo.com) : Effect of Al₂O₃ reinforcement and Al₂O₃-13 wt% TiO₂ bond coat on plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite coating. Def Sci J 2012, 62(3), 193-8.

In present work an attempt has been made to enhance mechanical properties of plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite coating by addition of 10 wt% aluminum oxide. A bond coat of Al₂O₃-13TiO₂ has been applied to improve strength of hydroxyapatite composite coating. Mechanical properties of coatings with addition of alumina and with incorporation of bond coat have been investigated in accordance with the ASTM C 633-79. Results indicate that the tensile bond strength of hydroxyapatite coating increased by 13 per cent by alumina reinforcement and 25 per cent by both reinforcement and application of bond layer respectively. The area of adhesive failure was found to decrease for hydroxyapatite-alumina composite coating and hydroxyapatite composite coating with bond coat as compared to pure hydroxyapatite coating. The microharness of specimens was found to increase with reinforcement, however the highest hardness was recorded for bond coat. The microhardness was found to decrease with distance from substrate coating interface.

5 illus, 2 tables, 39 ref

023773   Menaka R;Chellamuthu C;Karthik R (School of Electrical and Electronics, VIT Univ, Chennai, Email: radhakrishnanmenaka@yahoo.com) : Efficient feature point detection in CT images using discrete curvelet transform. J scient ind Res 2013, 72(5), 312-15.

In this work, a multi-scale feature point detection algorithm in CT slices based on discrete curvelet transform is presented. Discrete curvelet transformation is applied to input CT slices and the behavior of curvelet coefficients in all the scales are examined. The information in the fine and detail levels which contains the edge and singularity details are processed to extract the feature points. Performance comparison is made against wavelet and canny edge detectors based on SSIM index.

2 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

023772   Makwana J A;Agarwal P;Srivastava S P (Electrical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand-247 667, Email: jigneshamakwana@yahoo.com) : Design and development of open loop CGSM for SR motor. J scient ind Res 2013, 72(5), 316-22.

This paper presents development and implementation of open-loop current gradient sensorless method (CGSM) for low frequency PWM controlled switched reluctance motor. Prototype SRM drive is developed with split DC converter and low frequency PWM controller. New open loop CGSM is analyzed for constant speed drive. Performance analysis of proposed CGSM with low frequency open-loop and closed loop PWM control is discussed. Proposed method eliminates the need of phase-lock-loop, (PLL) and speed feedback in CGSM which reduce the cost and complexity of the drive. Both simulation and experimental results.are presented for validation. Opal's RT-Lab is used as hardware-in-loop controller for easy and flexible implementation of controller and sensorless scheme.

5 illus, 23 ref

023771   Maiyalagan T;Karthikeyan S (School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological Univ, Singapore-639 798, Email: skmush@rediffmail.com) : Film-pore diffusion modeling for sorption of azo dye on to exfoliated graphitic nanoplatelets. Indian J chem Technol 2013, 20(1), 7-14.

Exfoliated graphitic nanoplatelets (xGnPs) have been utilized as a potential adsorbent for toxic textile dye Acid Orange 7 (acid dye). The effects of major variables governing the efficiency of the process, such as temperature, initial dye concentration and pH are studied. The kinetic measurements have been used for determining the specific rate constant, confirming the applicability of pseudo first-order rate expression. Plausible mechanism of ongoing adsorption process involved is obtained by carrying out kinetic measurements. To identify whether the ongoing process is particle diffusion or film diffusion, the treatments given by Boyd and Reichenberg have been employed. The influence of different factors on the adsorption of Acid Orange 7 from solution is explained in terms of electrostatic interaction by considering the dye species and the surface character of the xGnPs. The developed system for the removal of acid dye is found to be very useful, economic, rapid and reproducible.

8 illus, 4 tables, 30 ref

023770   Li X;Dong Z (NO, Academy of Armed Force Engineering, Beijing-100 072, China, Email: lixiong2609@126.com) : Platform-level distributed warfare model-based on multi-agent system framework. Def Sci J 2012, 62(3), 180-6.

Multi-agent paradigm has become a useful tool in solving military problems. However, one of key challenges in multi-agent model for distributed warfare could be how to describe the microcosmic tactical warfare platforms actions. In this paper, a platform-level distributed warfare model based on multi-agent system framework is designed to tackle this challenge. The basic ideas include: Establishing multi-agent model by mapping from tactical warfare system's: members, i.e., warfare platforms, to respective agents; performing task decomposition and task allocation by using task-tree decomposition method and improved contract net protocol model technique; and implementing simulation by presenting battlefield terrain environment analysis algorithm based on grid approach. The simulation demonstration results show that our model provides a feasible and effective approach to supporting the abstraction and representation of microcosmic tactical actions for complex warfare system.

11 illus, 9 ref

023769   Kuram E;Ozcelik B (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Gebze Institute of Technology, 41400, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey, Email: ozcelik@gyte.edu.tr) : Fuzzy logic and regression modelling of cutting parameters in drilling using vegetable based cutting fluids. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2013, 20(1), 51-8.

In machining industry, cutting fluids have an important role due to their lubrication, cooling and chip removal functions. Using of cutting fluids can improve machining process efficiency, tool life, surface quality and it can reduce cutting forces and vibrations. However, health and environmental problems are encountered with the use of cutting fluids. Therefore, there has been a high demand for using environmentally friendly cutting fluids such as vegetable based cutting fluids in order to diminish these harmful effects. For this purpose, two different vegetable based cutting fluids are used to improve machining performance. This study focuses on prediction of thrust force and surface roughness with vegetable based cutting fluids (VBCFs) using fuzzy logic and regression. The drilling experiments are conducted according to Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array. Thrust force and surface roughness during drilling of AISI 304 with HSS-E tool are measured. Spindle speed, feed rate and drilling depth are considered as machining parameters. A model depended on fuzzy logic approach is established and the results obtained from fuzzy logic are compared with the results based on regression and experiment. Effectiveness of fuzzy logic and regression models has been determined by analyzing correlation coefficient and by comparing experimental results. Fuzzy logic models give closer values to experimental measured values than regression models. It has been concluded that fuzzy rule based modelling can be used to predict the thrust force and surface roughness successfully.

13 illus, 6 tables, 22 ref

023768   Kishore P V;Reddy S R;Kishore P V (EEE Dep, Satyabhama University, Chennai-600119, Email: pvkishorehod@gmail.com) : Modeling and simulation of 14 bus system with D-STATCOM for powerquality improvement. Indian J scient Res 2012, 3(1), 73-9.

This paper deals with modeling and simulation of fourteen bus system employing D-STATCOM for power quality improvement. The improvement in voltage stability with D-STATCOM is presented. A 11 level inverter based D-STATCOM is proposed to reduce the harmonics in the output. Voltages at varies buses with and without D-STATCOM are presented. The simulation results will be compared with the analytical results.

6 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

023767   Khan S;Adak A K;Sen R;Sarkar A (NO, CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Digwadih Campus, PO-FRI, Dhanbad-828 108, Email: abhijit.cfri@gmail.com) : Assessment of auto-oxidation cum self-heating tendency of Indian coals by DRIFT studies. Indian J chem Technol 2013, 20(1), 52-6.

Coal self-heating, due to low temperature oxidation of coal, is generally considered to be the primary cause of spontaneous ignition. With the purpose of having a more definitive quantization of this subtle stage of coal oxidation, study on proneness to coal towards auto-oxidation, vis-a-vis self-heating phenomenon, has been carried out. Various methods like crossing point temperature (CPT), diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFT), differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA) and wet oxidation method has been used for comparative study. It is observed that though CPT values alone are adequately indicative and are consistent with actual field experience, the combination of CPT and DRIFT data complements each other very well to provide greater information for better prediction of proneness to auto-oxidation vis-a-vis self-heating phenomenon of coals. Other methods tried are found to be comparatively inadequate.

2 illsu, 2 tables, 10 ref

023766   Jain S;Bhooshan S V;Naik P K (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, Jaypee Information Technology Univ, Waknaghat, Solan-173 215, Email: jain.shruti15@gmail.com) : Mathematical modeling deciphering balance between cell survival and cell death using tumor necrosis factor-α. Int J Comp Applic 2011, 6(2), 113-18.

Authors apply a deterministic numerical method to the analysis of a large, systematic dataset describing the dynamics of cell signalling downstream of, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) receptors in human colon carcinoma cells. Deterministic modeling is useful as a means to assemble and test what we know about proteins and networks. Authors extensively study the space of parameters to show that the model is structurally stable and robust over a broad range of parameter values. We have made the biological view of the main paths of the TNF showing cell survival and cell death. Than with the help of different parameters relating to that protein present in the model we have designed scheme of the biochemical paths/deterministic model. With those parameters equations were formed which vary with time i.e. differential equation. Thus, the model is suitable for implementation in multi-scale simulation programs that are presently under development to study the behavior of large tumor cell populations.

1 table, 22 ref

023765   Hoenderkamp J C D (Built Environment Dep, Eindhoven Univ of Technology, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands, Email: j.c.d.hoenderkamp@tue.nl) : Degree of coupling in high-rise mixed shear walls structures. Sadhana 2012, 37(4), 481-92.

A simple method of analysis is presented to determine the influence of single shear walls (SSW) on the degree of coupling DoC and on the peak shear demand PSD for beams of coupled shear walls (CSW) in mixed shear wall structures (MSW). Non-coupled lateral load resisting structures such as singular planar walls and cores will reduce primary bending moments in the coupled shear wall bents of MSW structures thereby increasing the degree of coupling. They will also change the location and magnitude of the maximum shear in and rotation of the coupling beams. These changes in the coupled wall bents may increase the demand on their performance beyond capacity. It is, therefore, important to have an indication of the change in the coupling beam design parameters at an early stage of the design. The proposed graphical method is based on the continuous medium theory and allows a rapid assessment of the structural behaviour of coupled shear wall bents in mixed shear wall structures that are subject to horizontal loading.

7 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

023764   Gupta K N;Rao N J;Agarwal G K (Chemical Engineering Dep, Jaypee Engineering & Technology Univ, A.B. Road, Raghogarh, Guna-473 226, Email: kaushalnaresh74@gmail.com) : Vapor phase adsorption of xylene on granular activated carbon- experimental and theoretical breakthrough curves. Indian J chem Technol 2013, 20(1), 26-32.

Experiments have been carried out to study adsorption of xylene (a volatile organic compound) on the granular activated carbon, using the experimental variables, such as inlet gas concentration (2400 - 6200 ppm), gas flow rate (50 mL/min) and height of the adsorbent bed (0.015 - 0.025 m). The breakthrough curves are then drawn between ratios of outlet gas concentration to inlet gas concentration and time for different operating conditions. A mathematical model is developed to predict the breakthrough curves of xylene on granular activated carbon. The model shows the effects of the gas-particle film mass transfer resistance, adsorbent pore diffusion and instantaneous local adsorption equilibrium at the pore surface. The experimental data and the corresponding model simulated results have been compared and are found to be in good agreement. The breakthrough time increases with increase in bed height and decreases with increase in inlet concentration.

6 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

023763   Gupta A K;Raval M S (NO, Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, Gandhinagar-382 007, Email: akshya_12@yahoo.com) : Robust and secure watermarking scheme based on singular values replacement. Sadhana 2012, 37(4), 425-40.

Digital watermarking is an application associated with copyright protection. Any digital object can be used as a carrier to carry information. If the information is related to object then it is known as a watermark which can be visible or invisible. In the era of digital information, there are multiple danger zones like copyright and integrity violations, of digital object. In case of any dispute during rights violation, content creator can prove ownership by recovering the watermark. Two most important prerequisites for an efficient watermarking scheme are robustness and security. Watermark must be robust and recoverable even if a part of content is altered by one or more attacks like compression, filtering, geometric distortions, resizing, etc. In this work, we propose a blind watermarking scheme based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD). Singular values (SV's) of high frequency (HH) band are used to optimize perceptual transparency and robustness constraints. Although most of the SVD-based schemes prove to be robust, little attention has been paid to their security aspect. Therefore, we introduce a signature-based authentication mechanism at the decoder to improve security. Resulting blind watermarking scheme is secure and robust.

8 illus, 5 tables, 14 ref

023762   Govind K;Pandey V;Selvakumar S (NO, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli-620 015, Email: kritika@niit.edu) : Pattern programmable kernel filter for bot detection. Def Sci J 2012, 62(3), 174-9.

Bots earn their unique name as they perform a wide variety of automated task. These tasks include stealing sensitive user information. Detection of bots using solutions such as behavioral correlation of flow records, group activity in DNS traffic, observing the periodic repeatability in communication, etc., lead to monitoring the network traffic and then classifying them as Bot or normal traffic. Other solutions for Bot detection include kernel level key stroke verification, system call initialization, IP black listing, etc. In the first two solutions there is no assurance that the packet carrying user information is prevented from being sent to the attacker and the latter suffers from the problem of IP Spoofing. This motivated us to think of a solution that would filter out the malicious packets before being put onto the network. To come out with such a solution, a real time bot attack was generated with SpyEye Exploit kit and traffic characteristics were analyzed. The analysis revealed the existence of a unique repeated communication between the Zombie machine and the botmaster. This motivated us to propose, a Pattern Programmable Kernel Filter (PPKF) for filtering out the malicious packets generated by bots. PPKF was developed using the windows filtering platform (WFP) filter engine. PPKF was programmed to filter out the packets with unique pattern which were observed from the bot attack experiments. Further PPKF was found to completely suppress the flow of packets having the programmed uniqueness in them thus preventing the functioning of bots in terms of user information being sent to the Botmaster.

5 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

023761   Eiamsaard S;Yongsiri K;Nanan K;Thianpong C (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Faculty of Engineering, Mahanakorn Technology Univ, Bangkok-10530, Thailand, Email: smith@mut.ac.th) : Thermohydraulic characteristics of co/counter swirl flow through a round tube fitted with helical screw tape and twisted tape. Indian J chem Technol 2013, 20(2), 145-55.

Influence of co/counter swirl flow on the characteristics of friction, heat transfer and thermal performance factor in heat exchanger tubes has been experimentally investigated. Each twisted tape is inserted into a helical screw tape and then these combined tapes are subsequently equipped in a heat exchanger tube for generating the swirl flow. The combined tapes are arranged in two different forms, namely (i) co-swirl arrangement in which their twist are in the same direction and (ii) counter-swirl arrangement in which their twists directions are in the opposite directions. The experiments using helical tapes alone are also performed for assessment. The helical screw tapes are used at three different tape-twist ratios (PR = p/D = 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0), each with three different tape-width ratios (WR = w/D = 0.15, 0.2 and 0.25), while twisted tapes are used at three different twist ratios (YR = y/W = 3,4 and 5). The results show the maximum thermal performance factor of 1.49 for helical tape alone with PR=2.0 and WR=0.2. At similar conditions, the heat transfer rate associated with the combined tapes in counter-swirl arrangement is 3.4% and 10% higher than those in co-swirl arrangement and helical tape alone.

10 illus, 1 table, 25 ref

023760   Ebrahimifar H;Zandrahimi M;Nikrooz B;Sedighi M (Metallurgy and Materials Science Dep, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar Kerman Univ, Jomhoori Eslami Blvd, Kerman, Iran, Email: m.zandrahimi@mail.uk.ac.ir) : Production of cobalt anti-corrosion coating on AISI 430 steel-optimization using box-behnken experimental designs. Indian J chem Technol 2013, 20(1), 40-5.

Corrosion-resistant cobalt coating has been prepared by the pack-cementation method on AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel. In order to investigate the corrosion properties of the coating, the polarization technique is employed using a 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution. Experimental design with a response surface methodology and a Box-Behnken design is used to investigate the effective parameters of the coating process. In this method, three factors, namely cobalt concentration, activator concentration, and heat treatment temperature, have been examined at three levels, and the optimized conditions for the corrosion properties of the coating are obtained. The surface morphology of the cobalt coating is characterized by scanning electron microscope. In addition, the chemical composition and structure of the coating are analyzed by EDS and XRD. The results show that the statistical model is valid when it comes to describing the corrosion properties of the coating using various variables. Optimized conditions to achieve excellent corrosion-resistant coating have been obtained using the variables 10.63% cobalt, 2.90% activator, and 840°C temperature for the heat treatment.

5 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref

023759   Du G;Xue Q;Ding H;Li Z (School of Materials Science and Engineering, China Geosciences Univ, Beijing-100 083, Email: dgx@cugb.edu.cn) : Mechanochemical effect of brucite powder in a wet ultrafine grinding process. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2013, 20(1), 7-13.

In this paper, mechanochemical effect of brucite powder in a wet ultrafine grinding process is studied. The results show that fresh surfaces of brucite particles are formed during the grinding process. The solubility of Mg(OH)₂ increases in the first 3 h of grinding. The crystal size and lattice deformation of brucite particles decrease in the first 3 h and are leveled off after 3 h. As the concentrations of Mg²⁺ and OH" ions increase to a certain level, recrystallization would occur. The dominant face for comminution and recrystallizaiton of Mg(OH)₂ occur mainly on the (001) and the newly formed crystals are easily maintained due to less comminution on (110) face.

6 illus, 1 table, 29 ref

023758   Aziz R A;Sopyan I (Manufacturing and Materials Engineering Dep, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic Malaysia Univ, PO Box 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) : Photocatalytic decomposition of acetaldehyde gas on TiO₂-SiO₂ thin film photocatalyst- a kinetic analysis. Indian J chem Technol 2013, 20(2), 137-44.

TiO₂-SiO₂ thin film photocatalysts with 5 (TF95/5) and 10, w/w% (TF90/10) SiO₂ contents have been prepared via sol-gel method. Characterization using X-ray diffractormeter and field emission scanning electron microscopy is performed to investigate the effect of SiO₂ doping on the TiO₂ thin film's physico-chemical properties. The photocatalytic performance of the thin films is evaluated using the degradation of acetaldehyde gas at various initial concentrations under fixed intensity UV irradiation. A Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model is used to analyze the kinetics of the photocatalytic reaction. It is found that the first order reaction rate constant (k) of the TF95/5 thin film photocatalyst (1.2438 μmol dm^-3 min^-1) is higher than that of TF90/10 thin film (0.3648 μmol dm^-3 min^-1). This is attributed to higher crystallinity of the TF95/5 thin film, resulting in more active charge carrier generation. However, TF90/10 thin film photocatalyst with smaller TiO₂ particles shows four times stronger adsorbability of acetaldehyde than TF95/5 due to its higher surface area.

5 illus, 1 table, 32 ref

023757   Attari Moghaddam A;Dabir B (Chemical Engineering Dep, Amirkabir Technology Univ, Tehran, Iran, Email: a.attari.m@aut.ac.ir) : 2-D hybrid particle tracking/Eulerian-Lagrangian model for oil spill problems. Indian J Geomar Sci 2013, 42(1), 42-9.

Present study consists a 2-D Random Walk Particle Tracking (RWPT) approach combined with Eulerian-Lagrangian concentration model (ELM) to the problem of forecasting the dispersion of oil in open waters. For each oil spill processes the most trustful method that has presented so far is used. Application of the model in the Caspian Sea for a hypothetical spill is investigated. Results strongly confirm the use of a RWPT for the near field and ELM for the far field when modeling dispersion of oil in coastal waters.

7 illus, 26 ref

023756   Anandrao K S;Gupta R K;Ramachandran P;Rao G V (NO, Advanced System Laboratory, Hyderabad-500 058, Email: sanjayanandkhalane@gmail.com) : Free vibration analysis of functionally graded beams. Def Sci J 2012, 62(3), 139-46.

Free vibration analysis of functionally graded beams is carried out for various classical boundary conditions. Two separate finite element formulations, one based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and other based on Timoshenko beam theory are developed. Principle of virtual work is used to obtain the finite element system of equations. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the effect of transverse shear on the natural frequencies and mode shapes for different length-to-thickness ratios and volume fraction exponents of functionally graded material (FGM) beams for the boundary conditions considered. It was observed that transverse shear significantly affects the fundamental frequency and mode shape for lower length to thickness ratios of FGM beams. Further, the effect was observed to be more prominent at higher modes for all the volume fraction exponents of FGM beam.

8 illus, 6 tables, 13 ref

023755   Alpaslan H;Yuce E;Tokat S (Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dep, Pamukkale Univ, Kinikli, 20070 Denizli, Turkey, Email: erkanyuce@yahoo.com) : New lossless floating inductor simulator employing only two-terminal active devices. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2013, 20(1), 35-41.

In this paper, a novel lossless floating inductor simulator with four resistors, a grounded capacitor and five two-terminal active components such as negative impedance converter, current follower and voltage follower, is presented. The capacitor in the floating inductor simulator is grounded, which provides suitability for integrated circuit fabrication. However, it needs resistive matching conditions. The passive inductor of a series R-L-C voltage-mode filter is replaced by the present floating inductor simulator to give an application example. In order to show performance, theoretical findings are supported via a number of SPICE simulations and some experimental measurements.

15 illus, 1 table, 46 ref

023754   Ademoh N A (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Nigerian Defence Academy, P.M.B. 2109, Kaduna, Nigeria, Email: nuhuadam@yahoo.com) : Beneficial effects of the addition of soya bean oil on the tesnsile strength of expendable cores bonded with Nigerian gum arabic. Int J Comp Applic 2011, 6(2), 125-30.

Varied quantities of soya beans oil was mixed with each of the four commercial grades of Nigerian gum Arabic and used to bind foundry core sand. The cores were subjected to tensile strength tests after oven baking at 200 °C for 1-3 hours to ascertain the benefits of soya beans oil presence over cores bonded with plain gum Arabic already studied in previous works (Ademoh N A and Abdullahi A.T, 2009), (Ademoh N A and Abdullahi A.T, 2009), (Ademoh N A and Abdullahi A.T, 2010), (Ademoh N A and Abdullahi A.T, 2008). Experimental test specimens made with silica base sand were shaped like the figure number eight. A standard universal strength machine equipped with specimen attachments and meter to read tensile strength instantaneously was used in foundry laboratory of Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited, Nigeria. The research result showed that soya beans oil addition to gum Arabic bonded cores has beneficial effects on cores bonded with grades 1, 2 and 3 Nigerian gum Arabic as it improved tensile strength by averages of 10%, 7%, and ±2% respectively. It however depressed the tensile strength of grade 4 gum Arabic bonded cores by 2-6% depending on baking duration.

6 illus, 11 ref

023753   Ademoh N A (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Federal Technology Univ, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Nigeria, Email: nuhuadam@yahoo.com) : Analysis of the property enhancement of bentonite clay on Nigerian grades 3 and 4 gum arabic bonded foundary sand cores. Int J Comp Applic 2011, 6(2), 119-23.

Admixture of refined bentonite clay with grades 1 and 2 Nigerian acacia species exudates was found beneficial for sand core applications (Ademoh N. 2009). This is an extension of that work but investigated the effect of bentonite clay addition on grades 3 and 4 acacia species bonded foundry cores. Specified quantities of bentonite clay were mixed with each of grades 3 and 4 acacia species exudates and used to bind foundry core specimens made with silica sand which were then analysed for mechanical properties that included green compressive strength, permeability, shatter index and baked tensile strength using standard foundry laboratory equipment in workshop of Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited. The tensile strength specimens were baked at 200 °C for 1-3 hours, oven cooled and tested with a universal strength machine while other test specimens were used in their green state. The result showed that bentonite clay addition improved permeability by 73% and 60% in grades 3 and 4 plain Nigerian gum Arabic bonded cores respectively. However, it caused depression on tensile strength by 21% and 9%; green compressive by 30% and 7.5%; and shatter index by 3% and 4% on plain grades 3 and 4 gum Arabic bonded cores respectively. When compared with work done in the preceding paper (Ademoh N. 2009), the strength depressing effect was most with grade 3, followed by grade 2, grade 4 and then grade 1 gum Arabic bonded cores in that order.

2 illus, 5 tables, 9 ref

023752    (NO, , ) : Waste-to energy. Wat Energy int 2011, 68(1), 21-9.

Waste-to-Energy technologies convert waste matter into various forms of fuel that can be used to supply energy. Waste feedstocks can include municipal solid waste (MSW); construction and demolition (C&D) debris; agricultural waste, such as crop silage and livestock manure; industrial waste from coal mining, lumber mills, or other facilities; and even the gases that are naturally produced within landfills. Energy can be derived from waste that has been treated and pressed into solid fuel, waste that has been converted into biogas or syngas, or heat and steam from waste that has been incinerated.

8 illus, 2 tables

023751    (NO, , ) : Advanced metering infrastructure. Wat Energy int 2011, 68(1), 9-13.

1 illus, 3 ref

022594   Yadav N;Sood Y R;Singh S S (NO, , ) : Evaluation of Embedded cost and distribution factor methods used in deregulated electricity market. Res Rev: J embedded syst Applic 2013, 1(1), 10-8.

Presents and analyses several methods for embedded cost allocation in deregulated electricity market environment. In this paper six embedded cost methods (postage stamp method, contract path method, MW-Mile, MW-cost, MVA-Mile, and MVA-cost) are evaluated and tested on 6-Bus test system subjected to two bilateral wheeling transaction. The charges obtained from the different embedded cost methods are then compared. Two tracing methods generalized generation distribution factor and generalized load distribution factor method are also discussed in this paper.

17 ref

022593   Vora V S;Somkuwar A K (NO, , ) : Implementation & performance analysis of rehabilitated cyclic scheduling algorithms for real time systems using TORSCHE & true time kernel. Res Rev: J embedded syst Applic 2013, 1(1), 24-9.

This paper focuses to implement novel cyclic scheduling algorithm for the various uses in Real Time system(s). We had used TORSCHE Toolbox and true time kernel simulator for generating the accepted results. The major design issues are less response time, real time constraints and No Deadline misses. As cyclic scheduling algorithm is very popular among all fixed real time scheduling algorithms and have wide application(s)and scope in Real time Embedded systems, so authors choose the same.

10 ref

022592   Vimal Kumar;Jyoti Rani (NO, Baba Farid Group of Institutions, Muktsar Road, Bathinda-151 001, Email: vimalkhurana2002@yahoo.com) : Exploring the basics of machine learning in artificial intelligence. Engng Technol India 2012, 1(6), 31-8.

Machine Learning has a very important role in Artificial Intelligence, the paper tries to explore the importance of Machine Learning thus to know the role it plays in it. The role of Machine Learning touch both the Psychological aspects and as well as the Technical aspects. The paper touches the topics like types of machine learning methods. At the end an attempt has been made to have a look at the aspects of machine learning. Machine learning has a great future. Recent advances in the field of machine learning method along with successful applications across a wide variety of field such as Bioinformatics, promise powerful new tools for practicing scientist. This viewpoint highlights some useful characteristics of modern machine learning methods and their relevance to scientific applications.

15 ref

022591   Singh N (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Alwar, Rajasthan) : Steganalysis and image quality measures. Engng Technol India 2012, 1(7), 85-8.

Steganography is the art/ science of covert communication and steganalysis is the counter to it. Though the first goal of steganalysis is detection of hidden message, there can be additional goals such as disabling, extraction and /or manipulating the original hidden message. Detection of the secret message is enough to defeat the very purpose of steganography even if it is not extracted because detecting the existence of hidden data is enough if it needs to be destroyed. The performance of steganalysis approach depends on identifying the appropriate Image Quality Measures. A good objective quality measure should well reflect the distortion on the image due to embedding, blurring, noise and compression. A survey of Image Quality Measures used by the various reported Steganalysis techniques is presented in this paper.

23 ref

022590   Singh M (Yadavindra College of Engineering, , Talwandi Sabo, Email: manjitcsir@gmail.com) : How has computer changed teaching and learning of mathematics. Engng Technol India 2012, 1(5), 29-33.

Twenty first century also called world of computer literacy includes not only the traditional concept of literacy, but it also encompass the ability to incorporate new technologies into teaching and learning of Mathematics. The paper focus on studying effects of use of computer in teaching and learning of Mathematics among students and teachers. Total 150 questionnaires were administered among students teachers and collected and their perception about teaching and learning of mathematics was tested after use of technology in classroom. The technology usage by students teachers in mathematics teaching and learning suggests that understanding concepts in mathematics is important and ability solve mathematical problems increases with practice. It has been observed that in chalk and talk method of teaching lot of precious time is wasted which might otherwise could have been use for better conceptual clarity in Mathematics learning.

4 tables, 6 ref

022589   Shrivasatava L (Electronics Dep, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science Gwalior, Madhya Prdesh, , Email: iselex@yahoo.com) : An improvement on Ad-Hoc wireles network routing based on AODV. Engng Technol India 2012, 1(7), 89-91.

Ad-hoc networks are characterized by multihop wireless connectivity, frequently changing network topology and the need for efficient dynamic routing protocols plays an important role. In which Modified AODV routing protocols gives better performance than AODV. This paper presents the simulation results in order to choose the best routing protocol to give the highest performance when implement the routing protocols in the target mobile application. The simulations comparing two ad-hoc routing protocols named AODV (ad-hoc on demand distance vector) and MAODV (modified ad-hoc on demand distance vector) with different parameters Throughput, Jitter, PDR and Average end-to-end delay. The performance differentials analyzed using varying simulation CBR. These simulations are carried out using the QualNet simulator version 4.5.

4 illus, 13 ref

022588   Shreedhar R;Hosur V;Chappu I (Civil Engineering Dep, KLS Gogte Insyitute of Technology, Belgaum, Karnataka, Email: rshree2006@gmail.com) : Performance of integral bridge by addition of cross girders. Recent Trends Civil Engng Technol 2013, 4(1), 35-46.

bridges without expansion joints are Integral Abutment bridges (IAB's). In conventional bridges, the bearings are generally corroded due to water seepage through joints which are avoided in IAB's. However there will be stresses developed due to thermal induced movements of the bridge which is to be taken into account. In this paper, finite element analysis is carried out using STAAD ProV8i on a typical model of IAB. Here various models are prepared by adding different no of cross girders (i.e., 2,3,4,5,7, and 9) to study the trends in bending moment, shear force and deflection in longitudinal girders and deck slab due to dead load, live load in combination of thermal loads. This paper emphasis that the deflection and shear force increases linearly with the increase in the no. of cross girders from 2 to 9. It is found that bending moment in longitudinal girder and deck slab decreases when cross girders are increased from 3 to 4 and then increases by further increase in no. of cross girders. Hence optimum no. of cross girders is observed to be 4.

54 illus, 14 ref

022587   Sharma Y (NO, SATI Vidisha, Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh, Email: Yashasharma78@gmail.com) : Analysis and implementation of FP & QFP tree with minimum CPU utilization in association rule mining. Engng Technol India 2012, 1(5), 39-45.

More recently, they have received attention from the data mining community and methods have been defined to automatically extract and maintain gradual rules. In this paper, authors propose an original approach to mine data streams for Association rule mining. This method is based on Q-Based and FP growth in order to speed up the process. Q-based are used to store already-known for order to maintain the knowledge over time and provide a fast way to discard non relevant data while FP growth.

3 illus, 5 tables, 5 ref