006230   Srivastava S;Gupta S K;Verma R (Applied Sciences and Humanities Dep, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Farrukh Nagar, Gurgaon, Email: smitaamit70@gmail.com) : Theory of fluorescence and phosphorescence decay in magnesium oxide (MgO) crystals. Dronacharya Res J 2010, 2(1), 95-101.

A theoretical approach is made to understand the process of fluorescence and phosphorescence for Magnesium oxide (MgO) crystals. The luminescence data Yhow that the decay kinetics of excited F and F+ centers are dominated by ionization from the excited state and charge recapture from traps which include H-I ion in the thermo chemically reduced MgO. The 390nm (3.2 eV) band, obtained from the electronic decay of F+ centre, decays rapidly. The lifetime of the 540 mm (2.3 eV) band is material dependent and has been observed to vary from a fraction of second to minutes. The cause of the long lifetime near room temperature for the F-centre bands is H- ions, which are present substitutionally for O^2- ions. A good agreement is found between theoretical and experimental results.

4 illus, 11 ref

006229   Srivastav A;Sharma D S;Srivastav N (NO, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon-123 506, Email: achin.srivastav@rediffmail.com) : Approach of six sigma in lean industry. Dronacharya Res J 2010, 2(1), 110-22.

Globalization, growing competition and emergence of new technologies, shows the change in economic profile of nations & knowledge driven economies that has created a scenario where quality is no more a desirable strategy -it has become a survival strategy. Six Sigma is widely used in material & service organizations to enhance quality & to reduce cost but the time has come to move one step further to Lean Six Sigma approach to achieve rapid transformational change at lower cost. This paper is a modest attempt to describe Six Sigma approach towards Lean and the benefits attained.

12 illus, 11 tables, 15 ref

006228   Sood A;Choudhury B U;Ray S S;Jalota S K; Sharma P K;Panigrahy S (NO, Punjab Remote Sensing Centre, Ludhiana-141 004, Email: burhan3i@yahoo.com) : Impact of cropping pattern changes on the exploitation of water resources: a remote sensing and GIS approach. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 2009, 37(3), 483-91.

A remote sensing-based approach was applied to study the impact of changes in cropping system on the exploitation of water resources in two districts namely Ludhiana in central Punjab and Muktsar in South-Western Punjab. Rice-wheat remained dominant rotation in Ludhiana while cotton-wheat rotation was replaced partially by rice-wheat in Muktsar within a span of over five years (1998-99 to 2003-04). The solo rice-wheat system in Ludhiana district has resulted in large-scale ground water exploitation as is evident from the faster decline in water table (up to 0.9m year^-1) and higher tube-wells density (440 per 1000 ha). As a result, nearly 60 per cent of the total area of Ludhiana district has the water table depth greater than 10m and in some blocks, it has reached to a depth of 22 m. In Muktsar district, corresponding rise in water table is 0.2m per year and tube well density is 114 per 1000 ha. Irrigation water associated with paddy cultivation in Ludhiana and adjoining areas moves laterally through the buried paleo-channels of Sutlaj in the deeper soil profile and gets accumulated in the basin lands of Muktsar and adjoining areas and causes an extra water flux and subsequent rise in water table, recorded at 3 to 7m depth. To minimize the hydrological imbalance of the state, it is suggested to diversify some of the area in the central districts from irrigation water intensive rice-wheat system to less water intensive cropping system.

5 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

006227   Sinha P (NO, , 20 A New Cantonment Road, Dehradun-248 001) : Energy today and tomorrow-an Indian perspective. J Instn Engrs-Pt ID 2009, 90(Nov), 13-9.

On June 2006, India had vowed for total energy independence by 2030. However, with a population of 1100 million plus and rapidly depleting fuel resources, are Indians ready to take on the energy challenge head on? This paper deals with India' s present fuel scenario based on data collected from reliable sources. Mathematical projection has been formulated in the form of a table regarding India's thermal -to - electrical power generation capabilities based on different types of fuel resources available in India. Endeavour is made to present prognosticated and unexplored possibilities related to alternate energy sources in detail, dealing with eco-friendly alternatives that may serve to curb primary fuel needs, to reduce greenhouse emissions and to bridge the widening gap between India's present and future energy demand and supply.

3 illus, 19 ref

006226   Singh S;Verma H L (Humanities and Management Dep, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, Email: bedisjs@gmail.com) : Entrepreneurship development in Punjab and Haryana: a study with special reference to entrepreneurship development programme. Dronacharya Res J 2010, 2(1), 34-42.

Many developing countries including India are in a state of transition. These are striving to move from a subsistence-oriented, tightly integrated, inward looking local economy to a surplus seeking, market led, outward looking economy. Entrepreneurs can play a pivotal role in the economic development of the country. However capital alone is not sufficient for the success of entrepreneurship. Besides economic aspects, the intangibles such as knowledge have become increasingly important in the modern times. Therefore, there is an emphasis on entrepreneurship training and development. Many organizations/institutions have taken proactive measures in this direction. The study has been carried out with a view to analyze the role of Entrepreneurship Development Organizations in the entrepreneurship development, and the problems faced by EDPs in developing and promoting entrepreneurship. Twenty-two entrepreneurship development organizations of Punjab and Haryana have responded to the study. Achievement motivation training, management inputs, opportunities guidance, project report preparation, support system exposure, market survey, field visits and labour laws were major inputs covered in EDPs. Non-availability of suitable candidates for training, limited availability of guest faculty, financial institutions preference for collateral securities, inadequate finance for EDP trainees, delay in assistance from supporting organizations, inflexible rules prevailing in training institutions, problems in follow-up and non-seriousness on the part of EDP trainees were indicated as major problems in promoting entrepreneurship.

11 tables, 11 ref

006225   Singh R P;Mahar P S (Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Dep, College of Technology, G B Pant Agriculture and Technology Univ, Pantnagar-263 145) : Design methodology for two pipe sizes sprinkler lateral. J Instn Engrs-Pt MC 2009, 90(Dec), 20-3.

The flow in a lateral line decreases towards the closed end. This allows the replacement of some length with smaller diameter in a single pipe size lateral line resulting in reduction of the cost. For maximum reduction in the cost, the length of the smaller diameter is so decided that the total frictional head loss is very close to the allowable limit. The allowable limit of frictional head loss is a function of average operating pressure of sprinklers and pressure gain or loss due to elevation difference along the lateral line. Existing methods of designing the two pipe sizes lateral lines use some factors, which may result in an approximate solution. This work presents a computer aided methodology to accurately design the two pipe sizes lateral lines using step-by-step method. The applicability of the developed methodology has been illustrated with a design example. Results indicate that appreciable reductions in the cost of sprinkler system can be obtained by designing and using two pipe sizes lateral lines.

1 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

006224   Singh P;Singh A;Jasvinder Kaur (Computer Science & Engineering Dep, Deenbandhu Science & Technology Univ, Murthal-131 039, Email: parvinder23@rediffmail.com) : Network management using mobile agent. Dronacharya Res J 2010, 2(1), 20-5.

Heterogeneous nature of communication networks makes management of the network very tedious. Traditional network management is based on Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), which follows a centralized approach. This approach involves huge transfer of management data from managing stations. This consequently generates congestion in the area around management stations and it causes lack of scalability, especially if they are connected by wireless links. Moreover SNMP protocol is based on client-server model. In certain circumstances client-server interaction generates significant traffic that overloads the management station. As compared to centralized approach distributed network management approach provides an efficient way to perform management functions when networks grow significantly. Mobile agents can be used to carry out distributed information management tasks to help the user to discover, create, maintain and integrate information, which is distributed across heterogeneous systems and in various data formats. By transmitting executable programs between (possibly heterogeneous) machines, agent-based computing introduces an important new paradigm for the implementation of distributed applications in an open and dynamically changing environment. Mobile agents can be used to distribute the network management task over the entire network. Mobile agents for network management tend to monitor and control networked devices on site and consequently reduce the manager's load and network bandwidth. These agents move to the place where data are stored and select information the user wants. They decentralize processing & control, and, as a consequence, reduce the traffic around the management station, and distribute processing load.

17 ref

006223   Singh O;Veram H L (NO, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon-123 506, Email: onkar49@gmail.com) : Evaluation of incubation centres in India. Dronacharya Res J 2010, 2(1), 66-71.

Incubation centre works with a stated objective and has a life cycle. In our country it is financed through public and private funds. To ensure optimum utilization of the resources and to achieve maximum productivity, performance needs to be apprised. Incubatees' objectives/ aspirations and its selection criteria should integrate with the objectives of the incubation center. The development in science, management and technology has allowed the incubation center to innovate new operating models that suit the incubatees' needs. The success of any incubation center lies in the performance of its incubatees and the support services that it provides. Both aspects need to be made effective to ensure success of incubation center as well as incubatees. Therefore, it is important to appraise the performance of incubation center and incubatees periodically. To achieve this aim, the author throws light on the factors that an incubatee and incubation centre must keep in mind before selecting each other.

11 ref

006222   Singh K R;Agrawal V K;Singh A (Mathematics Dep, Meerut College, Meerut-250 001, Email: kaviraj_singh@yahoo.com) : Heat transfer in the flow of a non-newtonian second-order fluid between two enclosed counter torsionally oscillating DISC. Int J Dyn Fluid 2008, 4(2), 145-57.

The problem of heat transfer in the flow of an incompressible non-Newtonian second-order fluid between two enclosed counter torsionally oscillating discs has been discussed. The flow functions H, G, L and M, ωψ are expanded in the powers of the amplitude ε (taken small) of the oscillations. The behaviour of the temperature profile has been studied for the different sets of values of Reynolds number R, phase difference τ, and elastico-viscous parameter τ₁ is shown graphically. Nusselt number at lower and upper discs has also been calculated and their behaviour is represented graphically.

9 illus, 12 ref

006221   Singal S K;Kumar S;Varun (NO, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee-247 667) : Energy audit in tea industry : a case study of Makaibari tea estate. J Instn Engrs-Pt ID 2009, 90(Nov), 7-12.

Energy audit is a systematic study to identify the use of energy in a plant and to find energy savings opportunities. Using proper audit methods and equipment, an energy audit provides the energy manager with essential information on how much, where and how energy is used within an organization. In processing of tea, it is important to remove moisture at certain rate and quantity to get desired flavour of tea. Mainly thermal and electrical energies are used in tea industry. In the present work, energy consumption pattern at Makaibari tea estate, which is situated in Darjeeling district of West Bengal state has been studied. Different sources of energy and their use was studied and the inefficiency in the system has been presented.

8 tables, 3 ref

006220   Sharma V K;Bhargava P K (PME and RPBD Div, Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee-247 667) : Functional design of fruit processing buildings : a few case studies. J Instn Engrs-Pt AR 2009, 90(Oct), 11-5.

Hygienic and process-friendly environment in fruit processing buildings with respect to temperature, humidity, air motion and control of contaminant concentration within permissible limit are the most important considerations in design of buildings in the tropics. Studies are going on to evolve design solutions for achieving thermal comfort in different types of buildings, such as, residential buildings, school buildings, commercial and industrial buildings. This paper describes findings of a survey carried out in a few food-processing buildings, located in composite climatic zones of India. Existing practice being used for achieving process-friendly and hygienic indoors environment has been discussed. During fruit processing, various techniques are used and large amount of heat, fumes and other unwanted contaminants are evolved. Removal of excess of heat liberated during fruit processing and keeping the indoor temperature within comfortable limit is an essential parameter to prevent fruit spoilage due to bacterial growth in fruit processing buildings. Parameters, such as, removal of excess heat, fumes, acid resistant flooring and defective drainage system etc responsible for achieving desired environmental conditions were identified and the problems being faced by user industries and their solutions are also highlighted in this paper. The parameters which need further investigations, are also explored and necessity for optimization of these elements has been emphasized.

3 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

006219   Senthilnath J;Rajeshwari M;Omkar S N (Aerospace Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, Email: omkar@acro.iisc.ernet.in) : Automatic road extraction using high resolution satellite image based on texture progressive analysis and normalized cut method. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 2009, 37(3), 352-61.

The approach for automatic road extraction for an urban region using structural, spectral and geometric characteristics of roads has been presented. Roads have been extracted based on two levels: Pre-processing and road extraction methods. Initially, the image is pre-processed to improve the tolerance by reducing the clutter (that mostly represents the buildings, parking lots, vegetation regions and other open spaces). The road segments are then extracted using Texture Progressive Analysis (TPA) and Normalized cut algorithm. The TPA technique uses binary segmentation based on three levels of texture statistical evaluation to extract road segments where as, Normalized cut method for road extraction is a graph based method that generates optimal partition of road segments. The performance evaluation (quality measures) for road extraction using TPA and normalized cut method is compared. Thus the experimental result show that normalized cut method is efficient in extracting road segments in urban region from high resolution satellite image.

3 illus, 1 table, 31 ref

006218   Sefercik U G;Alkan M (Geodesy and Photogrammetry Dep, AKU Engineering Faculty, 67100, Zonguldak, Turkey, Email: mehmetalkan44@yahoo.com) : Advanced analysis of differences between C and X bands using SRTM data for mountainous topography. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 2009, 37(3), 335-49.

By Interferometric Synthectic Aperture Radar (InSAR), during the Shuttle Radar Topography.; Mission (SRTM) height models have been generated, covering the earth surface from 56° south to 60.25° north. With the exception of small gaps in steep parts, dry sand deserts and water surfaces, the free available US C-band data cover the earth surface from 56° south to 60.25° north completely while the X-band data, distributed by the DLR (German Aerospace Center), cover it only partially. The C-band and X-band radar cannot penetrate the vegetation because of the short wavelength. Therefore, the height models are not Digital Elevation Models (DEM) representing bare Earth surface without any details, they are Digital Surface Models (DSM) representing the visible surface including vegetation and buildings. In the area of Zonguldak, Turkey, C-band and X-band DSMs are available and have been analysed in cooperation between Zonguldak Karaelmas University (ZKU) and Leibniz University of Hannover. The digitized contour lines from the 1:25,000 scale topographic maps and also a more precise height model derived directly from large scale photogrammetric mapping are used as reference height models. The terrain inclination influences the accuracy strongly, but also the directions of the inclination in relation to the radar view direction, the aspects, are important. Independent from the aspects, the analysed results do have root mean square differences against the reference data fitting very well to the Koppe accuracy differences between both. Also, the analysis of X-band separately for three sub-areas is done and the positive effect of double observation to the accuracy has been clearly determined. The C-band data are only available with a spacing of 3 arcsec, corresponding to 92m x 70m, while the X-band data do have a spacing of 1 arcsec. This is important for the interpolation in the mountainous test area. The accuracy of the height points is approximately the same for the C- and the X-band data. But the C-band data which have three times larger spacing than X-band data, do not include the same morphological information. While C-band data contain very generalised contour lines X-band data have quite more details depending on 1 arcsec point spacing. The differential DEMs have been generated, separately, for displaying the differences between SRTM height models and reference DEMs of the test field.

23 illus, 7 tables, 11 ref

006217   Saini M;Singla K;Gupta D (Computer Science & Engineering Dep, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon-123 506, Email: mani.saini83@gmail.com) : Implementation of functional reputation based data aggregation for wireless sensor network. Dronacharya Res J 2010, 2(1), 130-5.

In wireless sensor networks, malicious sensor nodes send false data reports to distort aggregation results. Existing trust systems rely on general reputation to mitigate the effect of this attack. A novel reliable data aggregation protocol, called RDAT, which is based on the concept of functional reputation. Functional reputation enables data aggregators to evaluate each type of sensor node action using a respective reputation value thereby increasing the accuracy of the trust system. To implement a data aggregation protocol based on functional reputation which would evaluate each type of sensor node action using a respective reputation value thereby increasing the accuracy of the trust system.

1 illus, 9 ref

006216   Sahu B B;Maharana K;Gupta S K (Applied Sciences and Humanities Dep, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon-123 506, Email: bibhutisahu@yahoo.com) : Analysis of m<61>-1 low frequency bounded whistler modes. Dronacharya Res J 2010, 2(1), 179-85.

Presents the dispersion relation for a cold, collisionless and uniform plasma column loaded in a conducting waveguide. This is then solved numerically for the m = - 1 whistler mode at frequency 13.56 MHz for various plasma parameters. The wave dispersion characteristics have been studied. The structures of wave field patterns are also studied. It has been seen that the wave electric fields are much stronger as compared to the wave electric fields in the above frequency range.

4 illus, 19 ref

006215   Sabut S K;Manjunatha M (NO, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur) : Microcontroller based bio-mimetic stimulation envelope for correction of drop-foot in hemiplegics functional electrical stimulation. J Instn Engrs-Pt ID 2009, 90(May), 3-6.

A low-cost, programmable, single channel stimulator for patterned electrical stimulation has been developed. The prototype is small, light in weight, battery-operated, and flexible for foot drop application. A microcontroller is used for control of charge compensation, pulse rate and duration, as well as generating "natural patterns" of stimulation envelope and functional use regimes. During normal gait, the electromyographic (EMG) signal from the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle indicates that muscle force varies during the swing phase. The traditional trapezoidal/square stimulation intensity approach is inconsistent with the muscle activity patterns and therefore unsuitable. The objective of this paper was to provide more natural stimulation intensity envelope which is expected to accurately reproduce the natural TA EMG profile generated while walking speed ofhemiplegic patients for the correction of drop foot which may enhance the gait by generating greater torque at the ankle and thereby increase the efficiency of the stimulation with reduced fatigue.

6 illus, 11 ref

006214   Reddy G V G;Kutty P S;Gowda M C (Mechanical Engineering Dep, S J C Institute of Technology, Chickballapur, Karnataka) : Effect of inclination on mean heat loss co-efficient of all glass evacuated solar collector tube. J Instn Engrs-Pt ID 2009, 90(May), 14-7.

Heat loss coefficient is an indicator of thermal performance and quality of glass tube. Experiment was conducted to estimate the mean heat loss coefficient of evacuated glass tube solar collector. Mean heat loss coefficient U₁ was obtained by 22 repeated measurements based on GB/T 17049-1997, a test standard of the National Technology Supervision Bureau of China (1997). Heat loss coefficient of evacuated glass tube solar collector was comparatively high (0.524 W/m²K) when the tests conducted under controlled atmosphere (preventing the solar radiation and wind blow falling on the system) as compared to that recorded (0.498 W/m²K) when the tests were conducted under ambient atmosphere (allowing solar radiation and wind blow to fall on the system). The tubes placed at 30° inclinations from horizontal recorded higher heat loss coefficient than that placed at 60° inclinations and 90° vertical. The temperature of water recorded inside the tube was three times higher than that of surrounding ambient temperature. The results show that heat loss coefficient U₁ is mainly related to the ambient temperature and very little to the inclination of the tube. In order to eliminate the uncertainty caused by the variation on the ambient temperature, the tests are to be conducted under steady state conditions and with a designed ambient temperature.

1 illus, 3 tables, 5 ref

006213   Rathore N S;Panwar N L (Renewable Energy Sources Dep, College of Technology and Engineering, Maharana Pratap Agriculture and, Udaipur-313 001) : Performance evaluation of solar photovoltaic refrigerating system. J Instn Engrs-Pt ID 2009, 90(Nov), 31-4.

In the developing countries, people live in rural or remote areas where grid electricity is unavailable. The commercially available refrigeration system may not be useful in such areas. To preserve food and medicine, alternative refrigeration system is required. Alternative refrigeration system based on solar photovoltaic approach developed by SPRERI, Vallabh Vidya Nagar (22°32'N 73°00'E) is discussed in this paper. To work out the performance, the system load and noload conditions test were conducted. The significant temperature drop was recorded by the refrigeration system, which is suitable to preserve food items and vaccine.

5 illus, 4 tables 23 ref

006212   Rathi R (Biomedical Engineering Dep, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon-123 506, Email: ruchimahe@gmail.com) : Medical genomics: future of healthcare. Dronacharya Res J 2009, 1(1), 82-6.

Modern, effective healthcare rests upon centuries of scientific advances and innovation that have been shown in clinical trials and other studies to prevent, cure or alleviate human disease. Genomic tools have enhanced research across all fields of medicine. High-throughput technologies for DNA sequencing and for analyses of transcriptomes, proteomes and metabolomes have provided the foundations for deciphering the structure, variation and function of the human genome and relating them to health and disease states. Genomic signatures are being developed for various diseases to estimate disease (prognostic signatures) and to predict patient-specific outcome to different treatments (predictive tools). Computational and mathematical tools have enabled the development of systems approaches for deciphering the functional and regulatory networks underlying the behavior of complex biological systems. Further conceptual and methodological developments of these tools are needed for the integration of various data types across the multiple levels of organization and time frames that are characteristic of human development, physiology and disease. Medical genomics approach provides deeper insights into the mechanisms of human diseases, and to facilitate the development of better diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for cancer and many other diseases. They will enable medicine to become predictive, personalized, preventive and participatory.

21 ref

006211   Rana S;Sharma T (Applied Sciences ad Humanities Dep, Dronacharya Engineering College, Gurgaon-123 506, Email: rana.sumi84@gmail.com) : Photocatalytic degradation of 2-nitroaniline: a major water pollutant. Dronacharya Res J 2010, 2(2), 47-52.

Photo catalytic degradation of 2-nitroaniline was performed in specially designed reaction vessel in the photo reactor equipped with UV tubes and constant stirring of solution was ensured at constant temperature. The degradation of 2-nitroaniline compound has been investigated parameters like catalytic addition, catalyst dose, effect of UV/solar and their effects have been analyzed.2-nitroaniline (25 ppm), TiO₂ dose was optimized to be 4g/l, at operating pH of 2.0 with UV intensity of 25 W/m². Degradation 89.5% and 98.9% was achieved in UV at 282nm and 411 nm and 93% and 99.3% at 282nm and 41 Inm in solar light under the optimized parameters, at 411 nm was observed. The results of photo degradation of 2-nitroaniline showed that heterogeneous photo catalytic could be used as efficient and environmental friendly technique for the complete degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants which will increase the chances for the reuse of wastewater.

4 illus, 10 ref

006210   Ram Singla C;Prasad B M K;Singla U (Electronic & Communication Engineering Dep, Dronacharya Engineering College, Gurgaon-123 506, Email: crslibra.1010@gmail.com) : A new concept about the transmission of electromagnetic vibrations in human aura. Dronacharya Res J 2010, 2(2), 53-9.

Reports for the first time new findings about the concept of aura. It is creating interest all over the world among the researchers, scholars, scientists and spirituals leaders. There is nothing "paranormal" in the Universe, except our limited understanding of Nature. Our know-how on Earth is just a tiny drop in the ocean of knowledge. Long Ago People were able to see Auras, advanced spiritual people such as Lord Krishna, lord Rama, Buddha, Christ and Gurunanak dev ji were painted with golden haloes around their heads. All we need to see Auras. All is required is the knowledge how to use your senses together with your conscious efforts. Every one is surrounded by an electro magnetic field, and this field is called an Aura. A field of energy surrounds us all. With scientific developments, the Aura can now be photographed. The various colors seen in the aura can give us clues to our emotional & physical well being, it may one day be used for medical diagnosis. Energy surrounding us can be photographed with special field cameras. Aura Colors changed frequently depending on our emotions, physical activity, health etc. Aura is live sustaining energy force that characterizes every Human being. The negative mental state such as anxiety, hostility, anger, hatred, frustration etc assert negative and bad affect on body and drain the aura system. A genuine concern for others all contribute to the Aura system and replete with radiant energy. Aura shows our true nature and intensions and becomes spiritual signature. In the history of science, developing of new instruments has resulted a new understanding of reality. Moreover we can send and receive the signals through Aura.

6 illus, 10 ref

006209   Ram Singla C;Prasad B M K;Nassa V K (NO, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon-123 506, Email: crslibra.1010@dronacharya.info) : Interent applications: a soft computing approach. Dronacharya Res J 2010, 2(1), 72-8.

The emergence of the Internet and the ubiquitous power PC system together has created tremendous opportunity for new generation of applications like education, business etc, which can reach millions of students, individuals through Rich Internet Applications (RIAs). Recent developments in technology are leading to a speedy convergence between marketing and technology in respect of two main characteristics: Rich and Reach. Many internet applications need to deal with large amount of data collected from non-technical users and is imprecise and incomplete in nature. Well structured rules are hardly available in general applications and the nature and the pattern of the users can never be fully accounted. Recently the use of Soft Computing tools for solving Internet applications problems have been gaining the attention of researchers because of their ability to handle imprecision, uncertainty in large and complex search spaces. This paper is an attempt to present recent Internet applications using these techniques.

4 illus, 13 ref

006208   Ram singla C;Prasad B M K;Arora R (Electronics & Communication Engineering Dep, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon-123 506) : Stability of an electronic Se₂₅Ge₂₀Te₅₅ alloy at microwave frequencies. Dronacharya Res J 2009, 1(1), 21-30.

Reports measurements of a.c. conductivity (σ_ac), permittivity (ε') and dielectric loss (ε'') for the bulk sample of Se₂₅Ge₂₀Te₅₅ at different temperatures and frequencies ranging from 9 to 12 GHz. The study offers new results for the a.c. conductivity in the microwave range. The measurements provide excellent evidence to show that ε', ε'' and σ_ac. saturate at 9 GHz.

9 illus, 18 ref

006207   Rajpal N;Gambhir D (School of Information Technology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprasth Univ, New Delhi-110 006, Email: navin_rajpal@yahoo.com) : Highly efficient motion vector estimation for video compression using bacterial foraging optimization algorithm. Dronacharya Res J 2010, 2(1), 58-65.

An efficient video compression technique by using bio inspired approach of Bacterial Foraging Optimization. A more efficient and less complex search algorithm is thus presented. Block matching techniques are the popular motion estimation methods used to obtain the motion compensated prediction. By splitting each frame into macro blocks, motion vector of each macro block is obtained by using a block matching algorithm (or motion estimation algorithm). In order to obtain motion vector of each macro block, we propose the use of Bacterial Foraging Algorithm which models bacterial behavior: chemotaxis, swarming, reproduction, elimination, and dispersal. Experimental Results show an improvement in efficiency over existing algorithms such as Full Search, Three Step Search, New Three Step Search, An Efficient Three Step Search, A Novel Four Step Search, Simple and Efficient Search, Diamond Search Algorithm, Adaptive Rood Pattern Search.

5 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref

006206   Prabu S;Ramakrishnan S S (Institute of Remote Sensing, College of Engineering, Guindy Anna Univ, Chennai-636 025) : Combined use of socio economic analysis, remote sensing and GIS data for landslide hazard mapping using ANN. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 2009, 37(3), 409-21.

The term landslide includes a wide range of ground movements, such as slides, falls, flows etc. mainly based on gravity with the aid of several conditioning and triggering factors. Particularly in the last two decades, there has been an increasing international interest in the landslide susceptibility, hazard or risk assessments. Presents a combined use of socio-economic, remote sensing and GIS data for developing a technique for landslide susceptibility mapping using artificial neural networks and then to apply the technique to the selected study areas at Nilgiris district in Tamil Nadu and to analyze the socio economic impact in the landslide locations. Landslide locations are identified by interpreting the satellite images and field survey data, and a spatial database of the topography, soil, forest, and land use. Then the landslide-related factors are extracted from the spatial database. These factors are then used with an artificial neural network to analyze landslide susceptibility. Each factor's weight is determined by the back-propagation training method. Different training sets will be identified and applied to analyze and verify the effect of training. The landslide susceptibility index will be calculated by back propagation method and the susceptibility map will be created with a GIS program. The results of the landslide susceptibility analysis were verified using landslide location data. In this research, GIS is used to analyze the vast amount of data very efficiently and an ANN to be an effective tool to maintain precision and accuracy. Finally, the artificial neural network will prove it's an effective tool for analyzing landslide susceptibility compared to the conventional method of landslide mapping. The socio-economic impact is analyzed by the questionnaire method. Direct survey was conducted with the people living in the landslide locations through different set of questions. This factor is also used as one of the landslide causing factors for the preparation of landslide hazard map.

4 illus, 1 table, 34 ref

006205   Pavani K;Singla S;Sharma R;Sharma P (Applied Sciences and Humanities Dep, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon-123 506, Email: meetpavani@yahoo.com) : Self-assembly of a 3D supramolecular architecture with guanidium ligands and decavanadate units. Dronacharya Res J 2010, 2(1), 79-85.

A new decavanadate supramolecular architecture with guanidium ligands, [C(N+H₂)(NH₂)₂]5{HV₁₀O₂₈}, 1, has been synthesized by solution evaporation method and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR, and thermogravimetric analysis. The structure of 1 consists of guanidium ligands acting as counter cations to decavanadate anions resulting in the formation of a 3D framework based on hydrogen bonding contacts between protonated guanidine cations and decavanadate anions.

6 illus, 1 tables, 22 ref

006204   Pavani K;Ram Singla C;Singla S (Applied Sciences and Humanities Dep, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon-123 506, Email: meetpavani@yahoo.co.in) : Nanomaterials: hazards and safety measures. Dronacharya Res J 2010, 2(2), 12-9.

In the evolution of nanotechnology, manufactured nanomaterials are an important step towards a long-term vision of building objects atom-by-atom and molecule-by-molecule with processes such as self-assembly or molecular assemblers. Innovations in analytical and imaging technologies first paved the way for perceiving, measuring, and manipulating nanoscale objects, typically defined as those having a characteristic dimension <60> 100 nm. The ability to design materials at the nanoscale is now leading to the rapid development of an industry that provides nanomaterials for a range of industrial and consumer products. Commercial applications of nanomaterials currently available or soon to appear. The rapid progress in development and use of nanomaterials is not yet matched by toxicological investigations. Epidemiological studies implicate the ultrafine (nanosized) fraction of paniculate air pollution in the exacerbation of cardiorespiratory disease and increased morbidity. Experimental animal studies suggest that the increased concentration of nanoparticles and higher reactive surface area per unit mass, alongside unique chemistry and functionality, is important in the acute inflammatory and chronic response. Some animal models have shown that nanoparticles which are deposited in one organ (e.g. lung and gut) may access the vasculature and target other organs (e.g. brain and liver). The exact relationship between the physicochemistry of a nanoparticle, its cellular reactivity, and its biological and systemic consequences cannot be predicted. It is important to understand such relationships to enjoy the benefits of nanotechnology without being exposed to the hazards.

4 illus, 26 ref

006203   Paul S;Mondal P (Metallurigical and Material Engineering Dep, Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata-700 032) : Fabrication and characterization of bio-electrochemical fuel cell. J Instn Engrs-Pt ID 2009, 90(May), 18-22.

Agricultural wastes generate huge amount of biomass, which is the storage of solar energy. Energetic conversion of biomass to electricity has been obtained by fabricating bio-electrochemical fuel cells using two types of biomass derived fuels, pre-treated and post-treated bio oil produced bypyrolysis and alcoholic liquid products synthesized from acid hydrolysis and fermentation of woody biomass. Both the type of cells exhibit excellent open circuit potential in the order of 450 mV -700 mV for the first type and 700 mV-800 mV for the second type. Presence of electron transfer mediator enhances the on-load current. The cells deliver small current through the external load. Addition of electron mediator to the anolyte enhances the current. The cells generate power over one W/m². High internal resistance of the cells drops down on-load potential in the range of 300 mV-500 mV. The reasons behind such increased resistance are thought to be due to high electrolyte resistance of the bio-fuels in the anolyte, contributions of activation polarization at cathode for high exchange current density of O₂ reduction and concentration polarization at anode for limited mass transport of H⁺ ions through the diffusion boundary layer. With progress of studies on polarization characteristics at cathode and anode and the parameters influencing ionic conductivity of the fuels, these cells promise a good potential for future pollution free renewable energy resources.

6 tables, 21 ref

006202   Patwary M A A;Champati Ray P K;Parvaiz I (NO, Geological Survey of Bangladesh, 153, Pioncer Road, Segunbagicha, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh) : IRS-LISS-III and PAN data analysis for landslide susceptibility mapping using heuristic approach in active tectonic region of himalaya. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 2009, 37(3), 493-509.

Structurally disturbed zones of Himalaya are among the worst landslide affected regions in the world. Although landslides are induced/triggered either by torrential rain during monsoon or by seismic activity in the region, the inherent terrain conditions characterize the prevailing basic conditions susceptible to landslides. Using remotely sensed data and Geographic Information System (CIS), geological and terrain factors can be integrated for preparation of factor maps and demarcation of areas susceptible to landslides. Moderate to high resolution data products available from Indian Remote Sensing satellites have been utilized for deriving geological and terrain factor maps, which were integrated using knowledge driven heuristic approach in integrated Land and Water Information System (ILWIS) GIS. The resultant map shows division of the area into landslide susceptibility, classes ranked in terms of hazard potential in one of the structurally disturbed zones in western Himalaya around Rishikesh.

10 illus, 3 tables, 35 ref

006201   Patil G M;Rao K S;Satyanarayan K (I T P D A Dep, Engineering College, Gulbarga-585 102) : Detection of atrial fibrillation through wavelet analysis of single cycle ECG. J Instn Engrs-Pt ID 2009, 90(May), 7-13.

In the recent years wavelet transform technique has emerged as a powerful tool for time frequency analysis and signal processing of nonstationary signals. Wavelet based methods of analyzing ECG signals have been used to identify specific features in cardiac arrhythmias. The wavelet transform is a signal analysis tool that can elucidate spectral and temporal information simultaneously from complex signals, including the ECG. The aim of this study was to identify the normal sinus rhythm (NSR) and atrial fibrillation (AF) based on DWT coefficients. In this work the authors have extracted single cycles from the recorded ECG time-series to compute DWT coefficients for classifying the subjects as having NSR or AF.

17 illus, 4 tables, 15 ref

006200   Pande H;Tiwari P S;Dobhal S (NO, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (NRSC), P.O. Box-135, Dehradun-248 001, Email: hina@iirs.gov.in) : Analyzing hyper-spectral and multi-spectral data fusion in spectral domain. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 2009, 37(3), 395-408.

Image fusion is the combination of two or more different images to form a new image by using a certain algorithm. Despite the fact that the number and kind of satellite imagery are daily increasing, using fusion techniques, in a proper way, to eliminate the redundancy in data and increase the quality of data is an important challenge in Remote Sensing Image Processing. Fusion of multispectral images with a hyperspectral image generates a composite image which preserves the spatial quality from the high resolution (MS) data and the spectral characteristics from the hyperspectral data. For the present study three fusion algorithms (Principal Component Transformation, Colour Normalized and Gram-Scmidt Transformation) were analysed for Hyperion and 1KONOS MSS data. Their ability to preserve the spectral quality of fused data, in comparison with original hyper-spectral image, has been investigated.

5 illus, 10 ref

006199   Panda S P (CSE & IT Dep, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon-123 506, Email: s.panda@dronacharya.info) : Ethics and problems behind smart AI. Dronacharya Res J 2009, 1(1), 135-41.

A smart AI is the idiomatic term in the United Nations Space Command for Artificial intelligence (AI). The first generation smart AIs were believed to be developed in the 21st century. At first there was a great concern that this new technology would become too capable and render human intelligence obsolete. Philosophers have been around prior to the arrival of computers and have been trying to resolve such questions that relate to ethical implications of intelligent machines. These developments spur certain pertinent questions: How do minds work? Is it possible for machines to act intelligently in the way that people do? What are the ethical implications of intelligent machines? There are certain ethical considerations that scientists and engineers face on what projects should or should not be done and how they should be handled. If the effects are more likely to be negative than positive, it would be moral responsibility of workers in the field to redirect their research. The aim is to purport an inquiry into these issues showing the traction in the race from reel to real life.

4 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

006198   Onkar Singh;Verma H L (NO, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgon-123 506, Email: onkar49@gmail.com) : Incubation centres: status and a tool for economic development in India. Dronacharya Res J 2009, 1(1), 9-20.

Incubation centers provide a most suitable platform for budding entrepreneurs who are running low on finances. It provides all the basic facilities for a new start up in a most cost effective manner. Growth in Indian economy, increase in flow of direct investments and other favorable factors like cheap and young technical manpower, large domestic market, has offered excellent opportunities for entrepreneurship. Government of India has also recognized this opportunity and is taking many initiatives by formulating favorable policies to promote entrepreneurship. This can be given a real boost in case failure rate of new enterprises can be reduced. In this respect, Incubation Centers have the potential to play a very important and pivotal role in enhancing the success rate of new enterprises. There has been an increase in the number of incubation centers in India. However, these need to be created in all parts of the country for uniform economic growth. Since large sums of public funds are being invested in incubation centers, it is imperative that these are successful and productive. Through this paper, the authors look in a critical manner in to various aspects of incubation centers in India.

6 illus, 17 ref

006197   Nassa V K;Singh C S;Jain N (Electronics & Communication Engineering Dep, Dronacharya Engineering College, Gurgaon-123 506, Email: vinay_nassa@rediff.com) : OFDM implemented binary phase shift key-need for wireless communication. Dronacharya Res J 2010, 2(2), 70-4.

Digital wireless communication in the recent years increased the need for high-speed mobile data transmission. New modulation techniques are being implemented to keep up with the desired high communication capacity. Processing power has increased to a point where OFDM has become feasible and economical. Many wireless communication systems being developed use OFDM. Orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) modulation is being used more and more in telecommunication, wired and wireless has gained considerable attention in recent years Some examples of current applications using OFDM include DSL, DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting), HDTV broadcasting, IEEE 802.11 (wireless networking standard). This paper is to highlights using a Matlab simulation of OFDM implementation in BPSK to see how the Bit Error Ratio (BER) of a transmission varies with modulation schemes, FFT length, no of sub carriers, channels and the, Inter Carrier Interference variation.

5 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

006196   Nair P;Jayachandran T;Deepu M;Puranik B P; Bhandarkar U V (FMTD/VSSC, ISRO, Thiruvananthapuram-695 022) : Numerical simulation of film cooling in a hypersonic re-entry module using AUSM+-UP based finite volume flow solver. Int J Dyn Fluid 2008, 4(2), 131-44.

A numerical simulation of film cooling for reentry module is presented The developed numerical procedure is based on AUSM+-UP scheme usinj higher order accurate reconstruction method. Numerical simulation of filn cooling provides vital information required for design of effective cooling system such as number of counter flow injectors, their dimensions am locations, injection pressure and temperature, mass flow rate required etc. The numerical code has been successfully validated using standard experimenta data for counter flow injection. Analysis has been carried out for a simple axisymmetric reentry module with and without film cooling, for a free strean Mach number of 8.0. The predicted adiabatic wall temperatures wen compared for both the cases. Film cooling is found to be effective for this configuration and injected coolant remains confined to the boundary layer formed by the free stream from nose tip to the aft end of the module.

10 illus, 9 ref

006195   Nagabhatla N;Wickramasuriya R;Prasad S N (NO, World Fish Centre, Penang, Malaysia, Email: n.nagabhatla@cgiar.org) : From global to local: testing the potential of cross-scaling in global data sets. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 2009, 37(3), 443-55.

The study investigates the potential of readily available and easily accessible global data sets to understand regional/local level interactions in wetland systems. The bio-geographical zones of India were used a base-frame to select three sites. The study well fits the interests of National Wetland Committee of India to investigate and document fundamental information on wetland extent/distribution. The national partnership with SACON represents this interest. SACON commenced the inland wetland inventory module at national scale using geospatial data, although the provincial scale analysis is underway. In addition, the global irrigated area mapping (GIAM-IWMI) project generated multi-scalar spatial outputs for irrigated/rain-fed areas. With the existing information base, a multi-level geospatial analysis using Arc CIS algorithmic modelling was used to derive comprehensive appraisal of wetland systems complementing the data from GIAM and SACON. It was observed that the overlap between the two layers was 58 percent for Gujarat and 10 percent in Tamil Nadu. In Krishna basin the wetland's cover 1.04 million hectare excluding the rice agro-ecosystem. The difference in the biogeography of the case sites governs the gradient of information derived from both data layers. Additionally, the global lakes and wetlands database (GLWD) database added thematic information on coastal wetlands. In summary describes the cross-scaling the global data layers to compliment the regional/national level monitoring assignments.

5 illus, 4 tables, 9 ref

006194   Muthushoba Mohan G;Rajagopal K (NO, Anna Univ, Chennai-600 025) : Acoustic environment in school classrooms. J Instn Engrs-Pt AR 2009, 90(Oct), 16-22.

Teaching in classrooms with poor acoustics is equivalent to reading a book in a dark place. Good acoustical environment is essential in classrooms especially at school levels. In this paper, the importance of acoustic environments in school classrooms is discussed and the acoustic standards for school classrooms followed in different countries are reviewed. The background noise levels of several classrooms in different locations in an educationally advanced town in India are measured and the details are discussed. The background noise and signal to noise ratio of the classrooms are also presented and discussed. Compared to the acoustic standards, the status in the school classrooms needs improvement and the assessment of signal to noise ratio for different school classrooms are critically analyzed.

3 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref

006193   Muralikrishna M;Lakshminarayana V (Mechanical Engineering Dep, R M K Engineering College, Kavaraipettai-601 206) : Techno-economic optimization of hybrid energy (Solar photovoltaic and wind) system for rural electrification. J Instn Engrs-Pt ID 2009, 90(Nov), 35-9.

At present, standalone solar photovoltaic, wind systems have been promoted around the globe on comparatively larger scale. These independent systems cannot provide continuous source of energy, as they are seasonal. Hence, energy storage systems will be required for each of these systems in order to satisfy the load demands. Usually storage system is expensive and the size has to be reduced to a minimum possible for the renewable energy system to be cost effective. Hybrid power system can be used to reduce energy storage requirements. A hybrid renewable energy system combines the generation of power through solar and wind systems installed to meet the load demand of a particular location with adequate solar insolation and wind velocity. Two case studies are attempted at places Poompuhar and Ottapidaram located in Tamil Nadu, India. The model developed is used for design, analysis and optimizing of a hybrid system considering various location parameters. The effects of efficiency in the module, inverter and battery are studied. The effects of variation in number of days of autonomy, insolation and wind velocity on energy generation of the hybrid system is observed. The PV-wind hybrid option is techno-economically viable for rural electrification.

4 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

006192   Mukherjee S;Shashtri S;Singh C K;Srivastava P K;Gupta M (Geology & Remote Sensing, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, New Delhi-110 067) : Effect of canal on land use/land cover using remote sensing and GIS. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 2009, 37(3), 527-37.

The monitoring of land use/land covers (LULCs) is an indispensable exercise for all those involved in executing policies to optimize the use of natural resources and minimize the ill impacts on the environment. The study here aims at analyzing the changes that occurred in LULC over a time span from 1990 to 2005 using multi date data of a part of Punjab. The digital data consisted of two sets of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data and one set of IRS-1C data. Utilizing hybrid classification technique for interpretation and on field validation, it has been found that canal irrigation leads to changes in LULC as there is a change in cropping pattern as well as increase in water logged area.

10 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

006191   Mishra R B (Computer Engineering Dep, IT BHU, Varanasi) : Rule based and ANN model for the evaluation of customer orientation in CRM. J Instn Engrs-Pt ID 2009, 90(May), 28-33.

Determining the customer orientation is an important task in customer relationship management (CRM). Historical data, needs, preferences, fit and promptness are the variables, which determine the ingredients of customer orientation, such as, profit (P), customer understanding (CU) and customer relation (CR). In this paper a logical combination of the variables are determined based on the logical states and number of variables. A rule based model is deployed to transform the findings to hypothesis and vice versa. Artificial neural network (ANN) model is deployed to the logical combinations of data to predict the three parameters P, CU and CR. Deviated values of original input values in the training set are taken for testing. Intermediate results are shown by error convergence graph and tabulated form of computed and predicted values by ANN model. Final result concerning the qualitative computation of customer orientation of data has been shown by graphical user interface (GUI).

6 illus, 5 tables, 8 ref

006190   Mayurappriyan P S;Jerome J;Gurusamy G;Kumar R S (NO, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Tamil Nadu) : Simulation and anlysis of matrix converter used in wind turbine generators. J Instn Engrs-Pt ID 2009, 90(May), 34-9.

In this paper, MATLAB/SIMULINK model of a three-phase ac-ac matrix converter is presented. The wind turbine generators are employed with conventional power electronics interface employed with a rectifier, dc link and inverter. The proposed matrix converter eliminates the rectifier and dc link due to direct ac-ac conversion. A simplified Venturini's modulation algorithm is used in the proposed model. The matrix converter is operated under both unloaded and loaded conditions of passive (R-L) load. Simulation results are presented for both input and output sides of the converter. The results obtained demonstrate a high performance matrix converter, which can be used for wind turbine applications.

11 illus, 9 ref

006189   Mathur P;Mathur P (Electronics & Communication Engineering Dep, Dronacharya Engineering College, Grugaon-123-506, Email: mathur.priyanka10@gmail.com) : Terrain classification for navigation of autonomous robot using different classifiers. Dronacharya Res J 2010, 2(2), 140-5.

Autonomous robot navigation with the capability to perceive the surrounding environment of the robot enhances the efficiency and safety of the robot. To enable autonomous navigation on natural unknown terrain, the traversal difficulty must be evaluated initially. This is accomplished by real-time assessment and classification of terrain for traversability analysis. Three competing techniques for terrain classification from visual sensing of terrain data using cooccurrence matrix is presented in this paper. These techniques include: Crisp rule based (CRB), K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) Classifier. Each classifier detects the navigable terrain by extracting the textural features from visual imagery of terrain data. And further we have presented a fast and optimum algorithm for path planning of robot on the assessed navigable terrain. Images from NASA's Mars exploration rover have been tested to validate the proposed approach. We have conducted the performance evaluation of each of the classifier and presented the comparative results.

7 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

006188   Mathur K S;Ram Singla C (Electronics Communications Engineering Dep, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon-123 506) : Passive optical access network technologies: a review of present techniques and future evolution. Dronacharya Res J 2009, 1(1), 47-60.

Reports that for first mile connectivity, Passive Optical Access Network Techniques are superior than SDH based STM Ringes, Cable Modems, DS1, T3, T1 etc. Techniques. A typical EPON technique with various network architectures is described and advantages of All Optical Access Network Arcticture are highlighted. Future PON WDM techniques are discussed. Finally Holey fibers which have important utilities in PON networks due to extremely bent tolerant and low loss charteristics are discussed.

14 illus, 10 ref

006187   Mathur A S;Chaudhari S J;Dhamija R (NO, , 101, Nehru Apartment, Outer Ring Road, New Delhi-100 019) : New vision for world's marine transportation system-skysails technology. J Instn Engrs-Pt MA 2009, 90(Jul), 3-8.

The skysail propulsion system consists of a large foil kite, an electronic control system for the kite and an automatic system to retract the kite. Skysail technology is bringing hybrid propulsion to ships and thus provide a new vision for world's marine transportation system. The skysail system is used in parallel to and for relief of the main engine, when the wind condition is under allowable condition. The main engine's propulsion power remains fully available if required. Instead of a traditional sail fitted to a mast, skysails utilises large towing kites for ship propulsion. The system essentially consists of a towing kite, control pod, towing rope, force transmission points, launch and recovery systems, a winch and associated control system. The paper also briefly discussed the force analysis, operating conditions, servicing and maintainancc, advantages and future scope.

10 illus

006186   Maity D;Behera S K;Mishra M;Majumdar S (Civil Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721 302) : Bamboo reinforced concrete wall as a replacement to brick and mud wall. J Instn Engrs-Pt AR 2009, 90(Oct), 5-10.

The present paper compares the cost of dwelling units using bamboo as a reinforcing material with the conventional methods and evaluates the feasibility of using bamboo as a potential reinforcement in place of steel. Tensile test of bamboo, two point loading test of bamboo reinforced beam and central point loading test of bamboo reinforced slabs are conducted to identify the behaviour of bamboo reinforced concrete members. The paper attempts to develops modular design of various types of dwelling units for different income groups of people. Cost estimation of two types of dwelling units done in this paper are cost estimation of (a) one-bedroom dwelling unit; and (b) two-bedroom dwelling unit. Provision of basic amenities, such as, a multipurpose room, a bath, a WC and a kitchen is kept in each unit. Cost estimation of these dwelling units is carried out to get an idea of their comparative cost when used in construction.

8 illus, 4 tables, 11 ref

006185   Maithani S (Human Settlement Analysis Div, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, 4, Kalidas Road, Dehradun-248 001, Email: maithanis@yahoo.com) : Neural network based urban growth model of an Indian city. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 2009, 37(3), 363-76.

The aim of the study reported in this paper is to demonstrate that the subjectivity in urban growth modeling and the calibration time can be reduced by using objective techniques like Artificial neural network (ANN). As a case study, the ANN-based model was applied to simulate the urban growth of Saharanpur city in India. In the proposed model, remote sensing and GIS were used to generate site attributes, while ANN was used to reveal the relationships between urban growth potential and the site attributes. Once ANN learnt the relationship, it was then used to simulate the urban growth. Different feed forward ANN architectures were evaluated in this study and finally the most optimum ANN architecture was selected for future growth simulation. The simulated urban growth maps were evaluated on a cell by cell matching using Kappa index and three spatial metrices namely, Mean Patch Fractal Dimension, Landscape Shape Index and Percentage of like Adjacencies. The most optimal architecture was then used subsequently for simulating the future urban growth. The study results thus, demonstrated that the ANN-based model can objectively simulate urban growth, besides successfully coupling GIS, remote sensing and ANN.

4 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

006184   Lai C;Chiang C (Civil Engineering Dep, National Cheng-Kung Univ, Taiwan) : Energy cognition and attitudes towards the site planning of small-scale wind power on land aquafarm in Taiwan. J Instn Engrs-Pt ID 2009, 90(Nov), 40-5.

Public cognition and attitudes toward the site planning of small-scale wind power are significant issues that should be identified prior to expanded wind power resources. However, these issues in Taiwan have seldom been addressed. In this study, interviews and questionnaires were conducted. To combine with the practical installation process, Cheng-xi community residents in Tainan City, Taiwan, where a small-scale wind power system has been installed, comprised the study population. Observational results demonstrated that land-based aquafarmers who completed the interviews and surveys accepted the idea of using a wind power generator. However, they stated that the energy generator must be at minimum 4 km from their fish farms. This four km distance is the average distance between the fishers' residential area and their fish farms. This geometrical distance may reduce public concern caused by the not in my back yard (NIMBY) effect.

2 illus, 2 tables, 4 ref

006183   Kumar S;Arora S (Processing and Food Engineering Dep, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana-141 004) : Physical and thermal propertiey of carrots during drying. J Instn Engrs-Pt MC 2009, 90(Dec), 37-41.

A study was conducted to determine the engineering properties of carrots cut into two different shapes, namely, round (chopped/diced) and grated and then dried to different moisture content (5.26% to 900%, db). The thickness of cut carrots ranged between 3 mm to 12 mm. The carrots were dried using a tray dryer at an air temperature of 55°C. It was found that bulk density and true density of carrots decreased with decrease in the moisture content. However, porosity followed reverse trend. Bulk density, true density and porosity of round shape carrots were higher than grated carrots. Thermal conductivity and specific heat decreased with the decrease in the moisture content. However, thermal diffusivity followed reverse trend. Thermal conductivity and specific heat of round shape carrot was higher than the grated. However, thermal diffusivity followed a reverse trend. The redness, yellowness and intensity of colour after initial fall, generally increased with decrease in moisture content. Grated carrots had better retention of red colour in comparison with the round in relation to fresh cut.

8 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

006182   Kulshreshtha D;Channiwala S A;Chaudhari K; Dikshit S (Mechanical Engineering Dep, C. K. Pithawalla Engineerig and Technology College, Surat-395 007) : Design, numerical simulation and experimental investigations on can-annular type combustion chamber for 20 kW gas turbine engine. Int J Dyn Fluid 2008, 4(2), 175-89.

The challenges in designing high performance combustion systems have not changed significantly over the years, but the approach has shifted towards a more sophisticated analysis process. A technical discussion on combustion technology status and needs will show that the classic impediments that have hampered progress towards near stoichiometric combustion still exist. Temperature rise, mixing, liner cooling, stability, fuel effects, temperature profile control and emissions continue to confront the aerodynamic and mechanical designers with a plethora of engineering dilemmas and trade-offs. The design of can-annular type combustion chamber is presented according to the design procedure presented herein. The numerical simulation of the designed can-annular type combustion chamber for small gas turbine engine is carried out using commercial CFD code CFX. The exit temperature quality is not uniform. This may be due to very low air flow rates and secondly the intermediate zone is neglected. To overcome this lacuna, a mixing length concept is introduced. The numerical results give near uniform temperatures at the exit. These results are validated using experimentation.

15 illus, 4 ref

006181   Kudarihal C S;Menghal P M (Faculty of Electronics, Military College of Electronics and Mechanical Engineering, Secunderabad-500 015) : Cogeneration in sugar industry: potential prospects in India. J Instn Engrs-Pt ID 2009, 90(Nov), 3-6.

In recent years the possibility of cogeneration has a means for utilising energy efficiently, has been receiving considerable attention in India. The current problems of power in the country lend further validity to cogeneration as one option that could help to quickly fill the gap between power demand and supply. Due to depleting nature of conventional reserves the necessity of renewable source and energy conservation is very much necessary to meet energy demand. Cogeneration emerges as a promising method of energy conservation and bagasse as a renewable energy source. In this paper, an attempt has been made to study techno-economical viability, possible model of cogeneration and sizing of cogeneration plant for sugar plant.

2 illus, 1 table, 6 ref