001857   Subhabrata D;Jayanta B (Mining Engineering Dep, IIT, Kharagpur-721 302) : Dependence of bioremediation performance and acid mine drainage on substrate characteristics. J Metall Mater Sci 2014, 56(4), 203-7.

Treatment of acid mine drainage is carried out by physical, chemical and biological methods. The biological method using sulfate reducing bacteria and sulfidogenic bioreactor has been proved to be promising in terms of cost effectiveness and eco-friendly manner of the treatment procedure. After modification of few characteristics like bioreactor type, reactor flow rate, hydraulic retention time and efficient immobilizing material for biomass the efficiency of the bioreactor performance can be enhanced. While the cheap and easily available substrates which can serve as good nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, they will also increase the rate of sulfate reduction as well as reactor performance. Several composted and complex organic substances like sewage sludge, mushroom compost, manure, leaf compost, crab shell chitin, mussel shell etc. can serve as good and available source of nutrients for sulfate reducing bacteria. Some of the substrates like sheep manure, crab shell, chitin, mixture of - mushroom compost, cow manure, saw dust, wood chips and cut rice straw have been reported to remove almost complete sulfate from water in several batch reactor studies.

001856   Srikant S S;Mukherjee P S;Rao R B (NO, SRM Univ, Modinagar, Email: satya.srikant@gmail.com) : Morphological characterization of titania slag obtained from red sediment placer ilmenite using microwave energy. J Instn Engrs : Ser D 2015, 96(1), 43-9.

This paper deals with the main objective to observe the effect of microwave heat treatment for the production of Titania rich slag and pig iron from placer ilmenite. The experiments carried out in the present investigation on the oxidized ilmenite sample for microwave heat treatment in microwave sintering furnace reveals that a product can be obtained containing Titania rich slag and metalized iron. The in-depth characterisation of these products using SEM-EDAX shows that around 75-85% of titanium dioxide is formed in terms of titania rich slag by using microwave sintering furnace after reduction of oxidized ilmenite with proper stoichiometric graphitic carbon and silicon carbide (SiC) susceptor. The titania rich slag is considered to be better input material for production of pigment grade titanium dioxide. On the other hand, the pig iron obtained as by product from titania rich slag is also important for automobile and steel industries application.

7 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

001855   Soni A K;Shaoo L K;Ghosh U K;Khond M V (NO, CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CIMFR), Nagpur-440 006, Email: abhayksoni@gmail.com) : Importance of radius of influence and its estimation in a limestone quarry. J Instn Engrs : Ser D 2015, 96(1), 77-83.

Limestone mining at Lanjiberna limestone and dolomite quarry has created positive as well negative impacts on ground water. With further deepening of the mine, drawdown trend (negative effect) is observed and at the same time ground water recharge of the order of 4,527.48 m^{3/day, through mine pits (positive impact) is noticed. The aquifer present in the area is unconfined and mainly consists of weathered quartzite, phyllites, limestone and dolomite. To know the cumulative impact of mining on surroundings, the effective radius of influence (Re) for excavated mine area is calculated as 1,059 m. Here, it may be noted that three 'concentric working pits' (Pit No. 2 & 6; Pit no 1 & 3 and Pit No 4 & 5) produces limestone at this mine and the pit-wise radius of influence (Ro) is estimated. Value of Ro for Pit-2 & 6 is 612.14 m; Pit-1 & 3 is 475 m and Pit-4 & 5 is 384.15 m. Its average i.e., Ro (for all three pits, cumulative) is estimated as 490 m. From this typical case study and estimation of Ro and Re values, it is concluded that the maximum and minimum value of overall impact/influence lies in between 0.49 and 1.05 km. These estimated values of 'area of influence' are less compared to the whole mine lease area values. Local aquifer, which lies at shallower as well as at deeper depth had behaved consistently with respect to recharge and drawdown conditions. Thus, assessment of Ro and Re is extremely helpful for 'integrated mine planning' to achieve targeted production, economically with minimum interruptions.}

4 illus, 3 tables, 5 ref

001854   Singh R K (Jagdam College, JP Univ, Chapra-841 301, Email: rksjpujc@yahoo.co.in) : Corrosion protection of stainless steel in 15% H₂ SO₄. J Metall Mater Sci 2014, 56(4), 239-44.

Stainless steel is a very important industrial metal which is used in different appliances of phosphate fertilizer industries. Sulphuric acid is a major chemical to apply for manufacturing of fertilizers. This acid develops corrosion cell with stainless steel and accelerates internal and external corrosion reaction on surface of base metal. The used acid produces several forms of corrosion and change physical, chemical and mechanical properties of materials. Sulphuric acid creates corrosive environment for stainless steel and protection such acid attack used organic inhibitors 2-(aminomethyl) phenol and 2-(aminomethyl) benzenethiol and these inhibitors anticorrosive properties studied in 15% H₂ SO₄ medium. Inhibitors' action studied at different temperatures and 10mM concentration. The corrosion rate of metal absence and presence of inhibitors were determined gravimetric and potentiostat techniques. The surface adsorption activities studied Langmuir isotherm. The results of potentiostat were shown that corrosion current density reduced after addition of inhibitors. Thermodynamical parameters of both inhibitors like activation energy, heat of adsorption, free energy, enthalpy and entropy were indicated thin film formed on the surface base metal which binds with physisorption chemisorption adsorption. Thermodynamical parameters results showed that both inhibitors were good thermal and molecular stability on surface of base metal. The experimental results of surface coverage area and inhibition efficiency were exhibited that used inhibitors were highly effective in sulphuric acid medium.

001853   Singh J;Sharma N D;Kumar A;Bandyopadhyay A K (Vacuum and Pressure Standards, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi-110 012, Email: singhjs@nplindia.org) : Report of the proficiency testing in the pneumatic pressure region up to 5 MPa. MAPAN 2014, 29(3), 213-22.

Here it's reported the performance of calibration laboratories in the pneumatic pressure region (0 to 5) MPa through a recently conducted inter-laboratory comparison. Six NABL (National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories) accredited laboratories participated in the program. The proficiency testing program was organized and piloted by CSIR-National Physical Laboratory. The program started in June 2010 and was completed in October 2011. The artifact used was a high precision pressure dial gauge. The reference values were generated by the pilot laboratory. The deviations for each participating laboratory were estimated against the reference pressure values and the compatibility of the results was calculated using the conventional method. Out of the total measurements made, all but two were found to be in good agreement with the reference values. The normalized error values (E_n) of five laboratories out of the total six were found well within ± 1 over the entire pressure range.

^iia9 illus, 8 tables, 14 ref

001852   Shawon M R A;Gulshan F;Kurny A S W (Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Dep, Bangladesh Univ of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Email: aswkurny@mme.buet.ac.bd) : Effect of welding current on the structure and properties of resistance spot welded dissimilar (austenitic stainless steel and low carbon steel) metal joints. J Instn Engrs : Ser D 2015, 96(1), 29-36.

1.5 mm thick sheet metal coupons of austenitic stainless steel and plain low carbon steel were welded by resistance spot welding technique. The effects of welding current in the range 3-9 kA on the structure and mechanical properties of welded joint were investigated. The structure was studied by macroscopic, microscopic and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Mechanical properties were determined by tensile testing and microh-ardness measurements. Asymmetrical shape weld nugget was found to have formed in the welded joint which increased in size with an increase in welding current. The fusion zone showed cast structure with coarse columnar grain and dendritic with excess delta ferrite in austenitic matrix. Microhardness of the weld nugget was maximum because of martensite formation. An increase in welding current also increased tensile strength of the weld coupon. An attempt has also been made to relate the mode of fracture with the welding current.

14 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

001851   Sharma S K;Mandal T K;Rohtash;Kumar M;Gupta N C;Pathak H;Harit R C;Saxena M (Radio and Atmospheric Sciences Div, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Road, New Delhi-110 012, Email: sudhir@nplindia.org) : Measurement of ambient ammonia over the national capital region of Delhi, India. MAPAN 2014, 29(3), 165-73.

Mixing ratio of ambient ammonia (NH₃) was measured at various locations of the National Capital Region (NCR) of Delhi, India using a NH₃-analyzer during January 2010 to June 2012 in campaign mode. The present study has been carried out on campaign based measurement of mixing ratios of NH₃ and NO_x for short period of time over the NCR of Delhi represent the indicative values over the region. The average mixing ratio of ambient NH₃ was 20.9 ±1.6 ppb during the period. The maximum average mixing ratio of ambient NH₃ (28.8 ± 3.0 ppb) was recorded in an industrial area surrounded by intensive vehicular traffic followed by an agricultural farm (27.5 ±2.1 ppb), whereas the minimum (6.4 ±1.2 ppb) was recorded in the semi-urban area. The diurnal trend of NH₃ depended on the ambient temperature at most of the sites and was affected by wind direction. Ambient NH₃ was correlated with the NO_x mixing ratio suggesting that the vehicular emission may be one of the sources of ambient NH₃ in the NCR of Delhi. However, long-term measurements of ambient NH₃ and their precursors will lead to seasonal variation of source apportionment over the NCR, Delhi, India.

4 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref

001850   Sharma R;Jain B B;Maan R S;Prakash V (NO, , ) : Optimization of ED problems of interconnected power system using particle swarm optimization. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2015, 5(1), 1-8.

This paper proposes an effective and useful evolutionary-based method to solve the economic load dispatch (ELD) problem. This paper introduces particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique for solving the economic dispatch (ED) problem in power system. ELD problem is really the solution of a large number of load flow problem with equality & inequality constraints. In this paper, a PSO technique for solving the ELD problem in power system is proposed. Many nonlinear characteristics of the generator units, such as prohibited operating zone and nonsmooth cost functions are considered using the PSO in practical generator operation. The PSO performance results are compared with conventional methods like genetic algorithm (GA) & differential evolution (DE) algorithm and we observed that PSO can solve the ED problems more efficiently in power system.

001849   Sharma P;Malvi C S (NO, , ) : Parametric optimization of MRR in manual air plasma arc cutting of aisi 1017 ms using design of experiment. J Mater metall Engng 2015, 5(2), 22-8.

In previous fifty years there has been remarkable research in machining and development in technology. Now a days with rise in competition in the market and to achieve high accuracy, the nonconventional machining has become more important in any industry. One of the most important unconventional machining processes is plasma arc cutting (PAC). Its high accuracy, finishing, ability of machining very hard materials makes it more demanding in the market. In order to achieve target and optimum values, design of experiment (DOE) method is employed. The suitable orthogonal array is selected as per number of factors and their levels to carry out minimum experimentation. The work pieces of AISI 1017 mild steel materials were used for experiment purposes. The optimum value has been obtained by using main effect plots and ANOVA table. The Regression equation for MRRis developed with the help of MINITAB 17 software. The confirmation for MRR was done by using the input parameter setting of20 bar (gas pressure), 35 A (cutting current) and 240 mm/min (cutting speed). Experimental results are provided to confirm the model of this approach. After the confirmation, the MRR value was 95.577 mm3/sec. Error within 10% may be acceptable.

001848   Sharma G;Varshney A;Kuanr D (NO, , ) : Design and control of three phase grid connected solar photovoltaic power system. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2015, 5(1), 20-32.

As the world power utilization quickly increments with populace development, new power era limits are obliged to cover that request. So there is requirement for force era utilizing renewable sources. Henceforth photovoltaic system is actualized to tie with the force framework. Keeping in mind the end goal to concentrate greatest force yield from PV framework proficiently, MPPT system is used. A DC-DC converter utilizes voltage source inverter which is controlled utilizing synchronous d-q reference edge to infuse a controlled present into the matrix and Phase Locked Loop (PLL) and is utilized as a part of controller to bolt network recurrence and stage. The characteristic of solar photovoltaic cell is such that it has a point on curve which corresponds to maximum power. So it becomes necessary to design a controller which not only converts DC power of solar to AC but also converts peak power. PV model is coupled to a DC-DC booster (step up converter). By manipulating the duty cycle of the DC-DC booster the system implements two of the most popular incremental conductance MPPT methods to extract maximum power. This work demonstrates a method that can be used for transferring solar energy into the grid. This consists of designing of line commutated inverter and PI controller.

001847   Sharma A K (NO, CSIR-CIMFR, Bilaspur Unit, Email: dr.awadheshsharma@gmail.com) : Relation between ash fusion temperature and chemical composition of some Chhattisgarh coals. Indian Min Engng J 2015, 54(1), 12-14.

The relation between Ash Fusion Temperature (AFT) and chemical composition of some Chhattisgarh coals (Kartali, Mahan, Pelma, Jamdai, Gidimuri and Naraibodh areas) and their ashes were studied. It was found that the medium melting (1330-1450p C) ashes correspond to sialoferricalcic type whereas the high melting (above 1450p C) ash is sialic type. Significant positive correlation trends for increasing AFT show ash yield SiO, and AI, Of. On the other hand significant positive correlation trends for decreasing AFT reveal Fe, O3, CaO and SOf oxides.

1 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref

001846   Shah M;Roy S;Sahu R (Metallurgical Dep, Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand-831 014, Email: rinasahu96@gmail.com) : Production of perfect sinter-need for blast furnaces. J Metall Mater Sci 2014, 56(4), 223-9.

This paper presents a number of factors influencing Sinter Quality like particle grain size which relates the FeO content in sinter, the CaO/SiO₂ ratio of the sinter raw mix, chemical composition of the raw materials, especially with respect to the gangue content (SiO₂, MgO, AI₂O₃), interstitial water. It relates sinter-Plant Operational Parameters on Sinter Quality by focusing on effect of homogeneous sinter raw mix of high permeability on fuel consumption for the sintering process, increased sintering time on the mean diameter of the sinter product, effect of the suction pressure on productivity of the sinter plant; the ideal positioning of the burn through point. The study depicts the influence of Sinter-Plant Equipment on Sinter Quality and Quantity, are also discussed addition of burnt lime in sinter-mix oil, sintering process of iron ore fines. The result found have been encouraging with significant increase in productivity, reduces solid fuel rate, lower consumption of fossil fuel and better strength along with higher reducibility.

001845   SenthilKumar P A;Nandakumar M (NO, Barsingsar Lignite Mine, NLC Ltd., Email: manager_blmp@nlcindia.com) : Working of deep seated coal/lignite - a technical appraisal for Indian coal reserve. Indian Min Engng J 2015, 54(1), 6-11.

The Indian economy is growing steadily, limited only by the availability of energy and current infrastructure. India has huge reserves of Coal & Lignite. However, most of this is of low grade, with as much as 35-50% ash content with out of 36% of it lying at a depth of more than 300 m from surface level posing a technical obstacle in economical extraction of these deposits. Underground coal gasification (UCG) is an appropriate technology to economically access the energy resources in deep and/or un-mineable coal seams through production of synthetic gas (Syngas) for power generation, production of synthetic liquid fuels, natural gas, or chemicals. India is a potentially good area for underground coal gasification because out of the estimated 467 billion tones (bt) of possible reserves, nearly 66% of which is potential for UCG, located at deep to intermediate depths. Underground coal gasification has the potential to eliminate the environmental hazards associated with conventional mining and depicts a hope to cater the future demands of the country.

4 ref

001844   Sengupta S;Roy I (Civil and Environmental Engineering Dep, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Email: someshsengupta@hotmail.com) : Study of internal dump stability of duchichua open cast project, Northern Coalfields Limited, India. J Instn Engrs : Ser D 2015, 96(1), 67-75.

Dudhichua Open Cast Project is one of the prestigious projects of Northern Coalfields Limited, India; with total mineable coal reserves of approximately 400 million tonnes and corresponding 1,700 million m³

9 illus, 4 tables, 7 ref

001843   Santharam A;Acharya S K;Jha R K (NO, Indian Bureau of Mines, Nagpur, Email: asantharam33@gmail.com) : Blast free mining using non explosive cement mortar: an alternative to conventional blasting. Indian Min Engng J 2015, 54(1), 20-3.

The fragmentation of rock as well as ore is being carried out by conventional blasting techniques in most of the operating mines. Considerable research work has been done in the area of rock fragmentation to minimize noise and vibrations. Now a days, control of blast vibrations and fly rock is mandatory and to comply with the statutory regulations. Blast induced ground vibrations may likely to cause severe damage to the nearby structures, archeological and heritage sites. Concern is expressed by the general public regarding the effect of blasting and its possible environmental impact. Surface miners already in operation in some limestone mines, without having any adverse environmental effect due to mining because the drilling and blasting component were totally eliminated. Another alternative approach for avoiding the blasting is with the help of non explosive cement. The paper demonstrates the application of this novel technique for breaking the magnetite ore for meeting production requirement. Case study of Ari-Dongri magnetite mine is presented.

4 illus, 5 ref

001842   Saied M M (NO, , ) : Analytical method for the analysis of transformer windings having non-uniform capacitance distribution. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2015, 5(2), 41-54.

Direct procedure for the transient and frequency analysis of transformer windings with location-dependent inter-turn capacitance distribution is presented. This can help simulate windings with non-uniform insulation. The derived analytic solutions in the Laplace domain are based on expressing the non-uniformly-distributed series capacitance per unit length as the sum of a constant term and a variable part proportional to the square of the distance from the winding's source terminal. The closed-form solution can yield the voltage and current distributions along the winding, as well as its input impedance. The latter can be used in order to identify the resonance frequencies. The analyses take the winding's losses into consideration. Different degrees of capacitance non-uniformity as well as various neutral point treatments are investigated. The suggested approach is validated by its application to special cases and to examples for which solutions are available elsewhere.

001841   Sahu A R;Naik H (NO, , ) : Drive technology of an over-casting dragline in an open cast mine. Indian Min Engng J 2015, 54(2), 11-20.

In this paper each dragline that is considered for an AC Electrical upgrade will be fully analyzed to determine the machines maximum potential productivity increases. The assessment will include review of current dragline productivity practices, installed electrical capability and additional mechanical enhancements that could be included, such as increased suspended load, which will allow us to take full advantage of the AC IGBT/AFE system and Bl 348 motor with its increased capability and still operate the machine within Bucyrus recommended criteria. The AC IGBT/AFE System has a fully integrated onboard computer package that allows complete access to the drive application software and PLC software and chopper drive use in regenerative braking. It is called access direct which will be discussed in this paper.

11 illus, 12 ref

001840   Sadkhan B A (NO, , ) : Effect of boric acid addition on tensile test properties of fiber glass. J Mater metall Engng 2015, 5(2), 29-38.

This project is an experimental attempt to study the effect of boric acid addition on the fiber glass tensile properties. First, one must know how the fiber glass materials be made and what are their structures. Then, it is required to study the boric acid structure, its uses and effect on other composites. The boric acid is added to fiber glass material, mixed together and then subjected to a tensile load to see the behavior of specimen when added with 20% volume of polyester mixed with boric acid. It was found that the specimen with boric acid addition is easily broken down, while the specimen without boric acid has more strength. This means that the addition of boric acid does not improve the strength and stiffness offibcr glass materials.

001839   Reza E H;Ehsan M S (NO, Amirkabir Univ Technology (AUT), Tehran, Iran, Email: zarehamidreza@yahoo.com) : Investigation on microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded lap joints between commercially pure copper and St37-2 mild steel. J Metall Mater Sci 2014, 56(4), 231-8.

Copper generation industries in the power-generation industries, the copper-steel combinations have often been widely used due to their high electrical conductivity and stiffness. However, the joining of copper to steel has become a challenging task facing modem manufactures. The welding of copper to carbon steel belongs to joining of dissimilar metals. In the present study, lap joining of commercially pure copper to St37-2 mild steel by FSW process was investigated.

001838   Reddy S K (NO, National Institute of Rock Mechanics, Kolar Gold Fields-563 117) : Sustainable development of pulivendula baryte deposit adopting suitable excavation method. Indian Min Engng J 2015, 54(2), 28-31.

World reserves of barytes are assessed at 240 million tonnes and total reserves in India are 73 million tonnes. Andhra Pradesh alone accounts for 94% of the country's baryte resources. India ranks second in the production of barytes in the world after China. Andhra Pradesh continued to be the premier state in barytes production and accounted for almost the entire production of barytes. Baryte mines in India are worked by opencast method and underground method. The underground Baryte mines of Pulivendula area in YSR District, Andhra Pradesh, are located near Velledandla, Vempalli, Velpula and Vemula villages. The total baryte ore reserves developed in Pulivendula region are 3,36,600 Metric tonnes. The underground excavation of majority of Baryte mines in this region are restricted to development of the deposit and there is no stoping operation. For sustainable development of Baryte deposits, scientific mining requires for resource efficiency, both in the management and extraction of minerals. There is a non-sustainable mining practice, mines extracting the mineral only during the development operations, ignoring the stoping operations due to non-scientific mining. Scientific mining is essential for the conservation of minerals and its optimum and efficient utilization. After field and laboratory studies, the suggested method of working for the Baryte deposits in Pulivendula region is overhand cut and fill mining. Mining operations in underground with cut and fill mining can achieve optimum ore recovery, and cut and fill stoping practices will cause minimum disturbance to the surface.

9 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

001837   Rao D S;Angadi S;Reddy P S R (NO, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Odisha-751 013, Email: drdandasrinivasrao@gmail.com) : Characterization of precious metal resources in copper slag and their implications in beneficiation. J Instn Engrs : Ser D 2015, 96(1), 7-13.

Studies have been carried out on precious metal association, on a typical Indian copper slag sample using SEM-EDS. The studies revealed the presence of platinum as well as gold, reported here for the first time, in the copper metal as well as different types of metallic sulphides phases of the copper slag. These phases are either entrapped in the silicate minerals or are present as tree liberated grains within the slag sample. The platinum content varies in the range of 1.24-1.95 wt% whereas gold values range from 2.41 to 5.90 wt% in some phases. The phases of copper slag, which contain gold and platinum are present in very less quantity with respect to volume percentage. The major phases, in the copper slag are fayalite and magnetite while spinel, ulvospinel. metallic iron, calcium oxide and barium sulphide are minor phases and all these are devoid of gold or platinum.

5 illus, 5 tables, 14 ref

001836   Rai P;Schunesson H;Lindqvist P A;Kumar U (Mining Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Email: prai.min@itbhu.ac.in) : Overview on mesurement-while-drilling technique and its scope in excavation industry. J Instn Engrs : Ser D 2015, 96(1), 57-66.

Measurement-while-drilling (MWD) aims at collecting accurate, speedy and high resolution information from the production blast hole drills with a target of characterization of highly variable rock masses encountered in sub-surface excavations. The essence of the technique rests on combining the physical drill variables in a manner to yield a fairly accurate description of the subsurface rock mass much ahead of following downstream operations. In this light, the current paper presents an overview of the MWD by explaining the technique and its set-up, the existing drill-rock mass relationships and numerous on-going researches highlighting the real-time applications. Although the paper acknowledges the importance of concepts of specific energy, rock quality index and a couple of other indices and techniques for rock mass characterization, it must be distinctly borne in mind that the technique of MWD is highly site-specific, which entails derivation of site-specific calibration with utmost care.

7 ilus, 57 ref

001835   Rahman M;Asad Abma;Nguyen M D;Masaki T;Jahan M P;Saleh T;Wong Y S (NO, National Univ of Singapore, 117576, Singapore Masaki Giken, Osaka, Japan, Email: mpemusta@nus.edu.sg) : Micro-EDM: system and its applications. Mfg Technol Today 2014, 13(2), 3-22.

Micro-EDM, a non-conventional machining process, is one of the most promising tool based micromachining technique which has the capability to machine micro-components with almost negligible amount of cutting force. Recent applications of micro-EDM process are increasing at an impressive rate and an explicit outcome of multidisciplinary research effort on the subject matter. This paper presents an overview of micro-EDM technology and some of the recent applications.

24 illus, 71 ref

001834   Paul S;Sarkar B;Bose P K (Production Engineering Dep, NIT Agartala, Tripura, Email: pswarup2008@gmail.com) : Performance evaluation and wear analysis of a compression ignition engine operating with straight vegetable oil and diesel blend. J Biofuel 2014, 5(2), 53-61.

Now-a-days uses of alternative fuels in internal combustion engines are essential due to limited reserve and harmful combustion effects of fossil fuels. The various alternative fuels upon which research works are going on are CNG, LPG, biodiesel, hydrogen etc. Among these, biodiesel plays an important role for diesel engines. Literature review reveals that in some cases even 50% biodiesel can be used in diesel engines where satisfactory performance and emission results have been obtained. Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils like Neem, Karanja, Jatropha, Castor, Mahua etc. through transesterification process which makes vegetable oil less viscous. But transesterification process requires some money, man and machine. So instead of using higher proportion of biodiesel with mineral diesel, we can significantly use lower percentage of straight vegetable oils with conventional diesel to make them use in engines. With a view to investigate on straight vegetable oil without making them biodiesel through transesterification process, neem vegetable oil is taken in this present study. Various blends of diesel and neem have been prepared like N30 fuel has been prepared in which 30% straight neem vegetable oil is mixed with 70% mineral diesel by volume. Now a single cylinder, four strokes, constant compression ratio, water cooled, vertical diesel engine is run by these fuel blends as well as by neat diesel. Various physical, chemical and thermal properties have been studied by using standard apparatus. Performance and emission results have been taken and compared with those of using mineral diesel. Wear has negative effects on the operating of engine parts. Wear rate determination are taken into account with a view to develop a maintenance programme. For measurement of wear rate, Ferrographic technique (both quantitative and qualitative) has been used. Lubricating oil from crank has been collected after 5, 10, 15 and 20 h. Wear particle concentration (WPC) have been studied and images are taken using Ferro scope. Results show that wear rate is marginal. Now we need to check wear results for long duration running of the engine. Therefore, considering all aspects i.e. performance, emission and wear rate we can use small portions of vegetable oil with mineral diesel for short duration.

11 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

001833   Pattanaik A;Mohanty M K;Sathpathy M P;Mishra S C (NO, , ) : Effect of mixing time on mechanical properties of epoxy-fly ash composite. J Mater metall Engng 2015, 5(2), 11-7.

Paniculate reinforced polymer composites haw been designed to improve the (polymer) composite properties and with reduction of cost. In the present study, fly-ash is used as a filler material. Samples are made with different mixing times i.e. 5,10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 win. Ultrasonic and magnetic mixing are the two ways to mix the particulate as fillers. The resulting mechanical properties such as flexural strength, tensile strength and impact strength of the composites are evaluated. The SEM and other investigations are been studied.

001832   Nath J;Mallik S;Borah A (School of Engineering, Greenwich Univ, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK, Email: jyotishmannath@gmail.com) : Study on the effect of ageing and intermetallic compound growth on the shear strength of surface mount technology solder joints. J Instn Engrs : Ser D 2015, 96(1), 1-6.

The effect of ageing and intermetallic compound formation on the surface mount solder joints and its shear strength behavior under extreme mechanical and thermal conditions have been discussed in this paper. The specimens used are solder paste (Sn_3.8Ag_0.7Cu), bench marker II printed circuit boards (PCB), resistors 1206 and the fabrication of solder joints makes use of conventional surface mount technology (SMT). Reflow process was carried out at a peak temperature of 250 °C and the test samples were exposed to isothermal ageing at a constant temperature of 150 °C for a period of 600 h. Shear test was conducted on the PCB's. The shear strength of the solder joints rapidly increased during isothermal ageing to a certain time period and then started decreasing. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) micrograph of the solder joint and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) was performed on the solder sample to verify the formation of intermetallic compounds.

7 illus, 5 tables, 12 ref

001831   Munjal M L (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru-560 012, Email: munjal@mecheng.iisc.ernet.in) : Designing for quieter living. Resonance 2015, 20(4), 320-45.

Quieter living requires knowledge of the nature of noise, its measurement, frequency analysis, implications of logarithmic addition (and subtraction) of decibel levels, noise limits prescribed by the Government, speech interference, etc. This tutorial article touches briefly on all these aspects, and goes on to the sound field in enclosed spaces, acoustics of partitions and barriers, design of acoustic enclosures and mufflers/silencers. Finally, general noise control strategies are listed with particular mention of the control of noise of the ubiquitous fans and blowers.

10 illus, 8 ref

001830   Mohammad A (NO, , ) : Hidden buck chopper circuits topology in a switch controlled singe phase rectifier, size and cost analysis. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2015, 5(2), 17-28.

Paper shows hidden buck chopper circuits topology in a single phase switch controlled full wave rectifier. Justification of this realization yields the opportunity to use the single circuit structure for both AC to DC and DC to DC conversion processes. Generally, two diodes out of four diodes are replaced by two switches to offer voltage gain and input power factor regulation in a single phase full wave rectifier. Such modification proves the existence of two buck chopper circuits. Buck circuit is a dc to dc step down converter. This research also includes filter si:ing and comparisons of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis of output voltage for two modes of operations excluding filter stage. To get proper DC output LC filter is used. LC filter size is inversely proportional to switching frequency for a particular output load. The research shows that, size of LC filter for DC-DC conversion process can be chosen flexibly and minimized because the fundamental frequency component of the chopped voltage before filter stage is similar to the switching frequency which can be easily selected to a higher value to reduce the size of filter. In case of controlled AC-DC conversion process the rectified discontinuous voltage before the filter stage naturally includes low frequency components which cannot be eliminated using small filter. So, the size of filter for both of the cases becomes issue of comparisons. It also shows cost analysis.

001829   Mishra R;Alexander A;Srinivasan K (NO, , GC-89, Sector 3, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700 106, Email: nappinnaib@gmail.com) : Determination of warm working temperature range for in situ Al_m-TiB_2p composite. J Instn Engrs : Ser D 2015, 96(1), 15-9.

Composites with hard undeformable particles are better suited for creep resistant applications. Al_m-TiB₂ participate composite is one such composite. Its flow properties and formability are investigated and presented in the paper. A suitable temperature range for working this particulate composite is ascertained by using uniaxial axysymmetric compression tests and ring compression tests. Warm working is found to be suitable for this composite in the temperature window of 473-523 K.

8 illus, 3 tables, 34 ref

001828   Mishra D P;Das S K (Mining Engineering Dep, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad-826 004, Email: devi_agl@yahoo.com) : Evaluation of some parameters in relation to hydraulic stowing of pond ash in underground coal mines: a prototype study. J Instn Engrs : Ser D 2015, 96(1), 37-42.

Various parameters in relation to hydraulic stowing of pond ash such as rate of water drainage from the pond ash, water absorption by the pond ash, percentage of stowing and percentage of void were evaluated using a mine goaf model stowed with pond ash slurries of five concentrations varying from 45 to 65% at 5% increment to identify the suitable slurry concentration for effective stowing in underground coal mines. The study revealed that the rate of water drainage from the stowed pond ash is highest during the initial 15 min of stowing and it gradually decreases with time. Also, it was observed that the percentages of water absorption by the pond ash and stowing increase with the increment of slurry concentration. It was concluded that pond ash slurries of higher concentrations such as 60 and 65%, which yield better results in terms of higher stowing percentage in the 1st phase of stowing itself and higher water absorption, may be considered appropriate for stowing.

8 illus, 3 tables, 10 ref

001827   Min C;Nie P;Shen D;Zhao K;Chen X (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Univ, Zhenjiang 212013, China, Email: mj790206@126.com) : Preparation and electrical properties of PlZT/PVDF nanocomposites. J Polym Mater 2014, 31(2), 199-209.

Nanocomposites of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) filled with superficial hydroxylated lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (hydroxylated PLZT) nanoparticles were prepared by the solution blending method. The hydroxylated PLZT nanoparticles were prepared from crude lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (crude PLZT) in aqueous solution of H₂0₂. The microstructure and phase structure were shown through the methods of scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The influences of different volume ratios on the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the hydroxylated PLZT/PVDF composites were analyzed by impedance analyzer. This research shows that the dielectric loss of the hydroxylated PLZT/PVDF nanocomposites is higher than that of the crude PLZT/PVDF nanocomposites. Furthermore, the addition of the PLZT nanoparticles causes the increase of the dielectric permittivity. Finally, compared with crude PLZT/PVDF nanocomposites, hydroxylated PLZT/PVDF nanocomposites have a higher dielectric constant and frequency dependence when the volume ratio of hydroxylated PLZT/PVDF is 0.4. It suggests that strong intermolecular force between hydroxylated PLZT fillers and PVDF matrix is the main reason accounting for the improvement of dielectric properties.

7 illus, 16 ref

001826   Merev A (NO, TUBITAK UME (National Metrology Institute of Turkey, Gebze Yerleskesi, P.O. Box 54, 41470 Kocaeli, Turkey, Email: ahmet.merev@tubitak.gov.tr) : Evaluation of the performance of portable new design high DC voltage measuring system up 40 kV. MAPAN 2014, 29(3), 157-61.

Portable DC high voltage (HV) measuring system up to 40 kV has been designed and built with DC HV probe and AC/DC-Voltmeter developed at TUBITAK UME (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey). The structure and construction of the HV probe and DC voltmeter for evaluating their performance are described. The comparison measurements have been done using the reference DC HV system up to 40 kV. The voltmeter described here was developed for using in the measurement or calibration of DC HVs with high input impedance greater than 100 MΩ. The voltage error obtained in comparison measurements is less than 100 μV/V at 40 kV.

8 illus, 1 table, 115 ref

001825   Mazumder J;Song L (NO, Center for Laser Aided Intelligent Manufacturing (Claim) Michigan Univ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109) : Advances in metal additive processes. Mfg Technol Today 2014, 13(1), 3-25.

Breinan and Kear first reported fabrication of three-dimensional metallic components via layer by layer laser cladding in 1978 and subsequently a patent was issued to Brown et al. in 1982. Recently, various groups are working world wide on different types of layered manufacturing techniques for fabrication of near net shape metallic components. Integration of lasers with multi-axis presently available CNC machines, CAD/CAM, sensors and powder metal delivery through co-axial nozzles along with the laser beam are the main innovations for fabrication of 3-Dimensional components. Continuous corrective measures during the manufacturing process are necessary to fabricate net shape functional parts with close tolerances and acceptable residual stress. The closed loop Direct Metal Deposition(DMD) System, using an optical feedback loop along with a CNC working under the instructions from a CAD/CAM software, indicate that it can produce three dimensional components directly from the CAD data eliminating intermediate machining and reduces final machining considerably. This technology is now being commercialized. The closed loop DMD process ensure close dimensional tolerance and enables fabrication of components with multiple materials. A mold flow analysis revealed that an injection-molding die with conformal cooling and Copper heat sink can reduce the cycle time up to 50% or more. DMD has already demonstrated the capability of fabricating 3-D 100% dense metal components with functional design. Popular engineering alloys such as H13 and S7 tool steels, Stellite 21 and 6 Cobalt alloys, Nickel alloys such as Inconel 718 are already reported in the literature. DMD can be adapted directly to the digital data from CAD, MRI and X-ray tomography. Conceptually, DMD is capable of fabricating almost wide variety of metallic parts with internal features. This paper critically reviews the state of the art of DMD and also speculates how DMD may affect manufacturing technology in the future. Four areas appear to be most promising to the author are: 1) Designed Materials: This capability can be utilized to create a new class of optimally "Designed Materials" - a class of artificial materials with properties and functions, which do not exist now. In other words, a material system can be designed and fabricated for a chosen performance. 2) Integrated Design and Manufacturing: Another potential impact of closed loop Direct Materials Deposition is integration of design and manufacturing. In the integrated approach, customer performance desire can be implemented during design concept stage to the manufacturing realization. This will not only reduce the lead-time for the concept to product but also will offer materials with properties and functions, which do not exist now. 3) In Situ Diagnostics: Metal Additive processes generally produce light and plasma, which can be utilized to monitor the health of the process in situ. In -situ information can be utilized for feed back loop which controls the thermal cycle. New Sensors are either developed or being developed to control geometry. 4) Remote Manufacturing: Modern communication methods are improving the Internet's capability to transfer large volume of data in a relatively short time. Mathematical and optical methods of data compression are enhancing this capability even further. This will enable seamless communication between design and manufacturing teams in industry. It is conceivable that a design team can send their design data electronically and observe the fabrication from a remote site and even edit it on line of course, to realize this scenario, synthesis and enhancement of various technologies are needed.

24 illus, 3 tables, 102 ref

001824   Markna J H;Parikh S P (NO, , ) : Green revolution in cement industry through nanotechnology. J Nanosci Nanoengng Applic 2015, 5(1), 19-22.

In the current decade, construction and infrastructure are most promising sectors for investment because of it's every green growth and cement production is the main pillar of these trades. From 2010 to 2015, China and India are the largest cement producing countries with average production capacity of 2100 and 250 million metric tons per year, respectively. But with these, production of cement creates, the several environment issues, especially related to emission of large amounts of CO2 and that is in order to 5% of anthropogenic global CO2 emission. Here, it is revealed how nanotechnology may overcome above mention environmental issues with different novel approaches and techniques.

001823   Mantrala M K;Rao C S;Rao V V S K (NO, , ) : Application oriented approach of layered manufacturing in biomedical and engineering fields. J Mater metall Engng 2015, 5(2), 39-51.

Layered Manufacturing Systems found their applications in Medical and engineering fields since the inception of the technology. The Rapid Prototyping (RP) technologies are being used to reduce the time for design, time for manufacture and the cost of components. Many researchers have published their works in biomedical applications like implant manufacturing, tissue engineering and in dentistry. Also the engineering fields like composite material development, modeling and design, rapid tooling, die making, web based manufacturing system etc. have used RP technology extensively. The present paper reviews the works produced in Engineering and Medical fields which has contributed in bringing out the functionality of RPT systems.

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001822   Mangaiyarkkarasi B;Lidha R;Maggie O R (NO, , ) : Analysis of different level half-bridge modular multilevel inverter. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2015, 5(2), 9-16.

Inverter is a power electronics device which is used to convert DC power to A C power at required output voltage and frequency. It can be broadly classified as two level inverters and multilevel inverters. The multilevel inverters are mainly classified as Diode clamped, Flying capacitor inverter and cascaded multilevel inverter. The design and operation of cascaded half bridge modular multilevel inverter (MMC) was very easy. Because, no clamping diode and flying capacitor in their structure. The simulation had been carried for single phase three, five and 11 level Half-bridge modular multilevel converter (MMC) by using sub modules. The main objective of this paper is to analyse operation of Half-bridge MMC for different level of voltage by using SPWM (Sinusoidal Pulse width Modulation) technique which reduces total harmonic distortion and enhances output voltage and current closer to sine wave without adding any complexity to the power circuit.

001821   Mangaiyarkkarasi B;Lidha R;Maggie O R (NO, , ) : Analysis of different level half-bridge modular multilevel inverter. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2015, 5(2), 1-8.

Inverter is a power electronics device which is used to convert DC power to AC power at required output voltage and frequency. It can be broadly classified as two level inverters and multilevel inverters. The multilevel inverters are mainly classified as Diode clamped, Flying capacitor inverter and cascaded multilevel inverter. The design and operation of cascaded half bridge modular multilevel inverter (MMC) was very easy. Because, no clamping diode and flying capacitor in their structure. The simulation had been carried for single phase three, five and 11 level Half-bridge modular multilevel converter (MMC) by using sub modules. The main objective of this paper is to analyse operation of Half-bridge MMC for different level of voltage by using SPWM (Sinusoidal Pulse width Modulation) technique which reduces total harmonic distortion and enhances output voltage and current closer to sine wave without adding any complexity to the power circuit.

001820   Mahata T K (NO, , ) : Computational study on convection heat transfer in a differentially heated cavity using nanofluids. J Nanosci Nanoengng Applic 2015, 5(1), 14-8.

Heat transfer is an integral part of thermodynamics. It is used to study the heat and mass transfer in and out of the system during a process; the medium may vary from solids, liquids and gases. The three major-divisions of heat transfer are conduct ion, convection and radiation. In this paper we nave discussed the heat transfer through nanofluids particle and water. Water is a very common fluid used in heat transfer applications; therefore the data collected from the experiments may prove that nanofluids are a viable option in heat transfer applications. Nanofluid particles are used because oftheir various applications.

001819   Mageed H A;Ali R S M;Tadros N N;Halawa M; Lanzillotti M (Electrial Quantities Laboratory, National Institute for Standards (NIS), Giza, Egypt, Email: mamdouh_halawa@yahoo.com) : Interlaboratory comparison in measuring low levels of AC voltage between Italy and Egypt. MAPAN 2014, 29(3), 175-81.

The paper describes an interlaboratory comparison program between the National Institute for Standards (NIS), Egypt and the Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrological (I.N.Ri.M.), Italy for measuring low ac voltages. The aim of this program is to demonstrate the technical competence of both institutes. The interlaboratory comparison has been carried out under the framework of the executive program of scientific and technological cooperation between Italy and Egypt. A Fluke model 792A has been used as a travelling standard, which was calibrated against the reference standard of NIS and I.N.Ri.M. at 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 mV at 40 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz and 20 kHz. The standards of the two institutes, NIS and I.N.Ri.M., have been used to calibrate the traveling standard at 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 mV at frequencies of 40 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz and 20 kHz. The ac-dc transfer difference results of the traveling standard are evaluated then compared at the intended frequencies. In this paper, the comparison results are discussed in detail. The performance of this test is also judged by calculating the relative error normalized with respect to the uncertainty of the measurement. The comparison results and the efficiency test E_n values show a good agreement between the NIS and the I.N.Ri.M. systems in assigning ac-dc transfer difference.

7 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

001818   Loui J P;Roy P P (NO, CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad-826 015, Email: ppalroy@yahoo.com) : Extraction design of locked-up coal by highwall mining in India. Indian Min Engng J 2015, 54(1), 24-31.

The CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CSIR-C1MFR), Dhanbad has provided the scientific extraction design for the complex Indian geomining conditions existing at the three Highwall Mining sites at Ramagundem Opencast Project-ll and Medapalli OCP of M/s Singareni Collieries Company Ltd (SCCL), and Quarry SEB and AB, West Bokaro of M/s Tata Steel Ltd. (TSL). This made over 5 Million tonne of locked-up coal immediately viable for extraction by Highwall Mining, thus adding to the fuel basket/inventory energy supply of the nation. The developed technology is so comprehensive that it is adaptable to virtually any situation existing in Indian coalfields. The present paper gives the scientific elucidation of the design technology adopted by CSIR-CIMFR.

13 illus, 4 tables, 9 ref

001817   Liu X;Liu H (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong Univ, Dalian, Liaoning 116028, P.R. China, Email: liuxiang8282@163.com) : Study on modification of SiO₂ thin film surface morphology and its electrical performance. Asian J Chem 2014, 26(12), 3453-6.

Silicon dioxide thin film was prepared by thermal growth method and PMMA film layer was prepared by spin coating. Silane coupling agent octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) be used to modified the surface of SiO₂. The result of atomic force microscope (AFM) showed that using PMMA and OTS modified SiO₂ layer can effectively improve the surface flatness and reduce the surface energy. The PMMA insulating layer reduces the contact barrier between the organic semiconductor insulating layer and the growth of thin films of copper phthalocyanin became more consistent. Compare with the single SiO₂ insulation layer, thin film transistor devices on SiO₂/PMMA and SiO₂/OTS compound insulation layer with improved carrier mobility and lower threshold voltage. Experimental results showed that using double insulation layer structure can effectively improve the performance of organic thin film transistor.

6 illus, 16 ref

001816   Laxmi T;Rao R B (Advanced Materials Technology Dep, Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (Council of Scientific, Bhubaneswar-751 013, Email: tumulalaxmi@gmail.com) : Effect of thermal shock on grindability of oleic adsorbed flotation placer sillimanite. J Instn Engrs : Ser D 2015, 96(1), 21-7.

Thermal shock is one of the most effective techniques in size reduction. The present investigation deals with the effect of thermal shock treatment on grin-dability and grinding characteristics of sillimanite minerals and also an attempt has been made on the overall energy saving for preparation of sillimanite flour by using ball mill. This attempt is made due to a fine dry grinding of sillimanite minerals to produce sillimanite flour, which is an energy intensive operation. It is observed from the present investigation that the particle sizes at d₅₀ and d₈₀ passing size in microns for thermally treated sillimanite is slightly lower than that of natural sillimanite. The study of grinding kinetics using ball mill indicate that the slope value obtained for thermally treated sillimanite is lower than the natural sillimanite, which shows that the sample responded to higher rate of grinding. The result of grin-dability studies reveal that the power required for thermal treatment of sillimanite is 395.36 hp and the total energy saving in the order of 8.9% is achieved by thermal treatment of sillimanite at 900 °C for period of half an hour heating time due to development of numerous micro-cracks and fractures within the mineral grains. Hence, it is recommended to use thermally treated sillimanite for preparation of sillimanite flour (<60>75 μm particle size) which reduces power consumption of 8.9%.

6 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

001815   Kulshreshtha A;Sakhre V;Verma N (NO, , ) : Role of semiconducting nanomaterials in polymer solar cell. J Nanosci Nanoengng Applic 2015, 5(1), 23-6.

This paper discusses the schematic aspect of semiconducting nanoparticle as applicable in harvest of solar energy via polymer solar cell and the significance of its various nano-layers. As recently observed semi-conducting properties in some inorganic materials have become topic of rigorous research for application in photovoltaic cells. Polymer solar cells are promising alternative to conventional solar cells which are made of crystalline silicon, to overcome their drawbacks such as high overall cost, less portability, etc. Despite their limited efficiency and stability. The external overview of function of a conventional silicon solar cell is almost similar to organic solar cell but the actual mechanism of initiating the photovoltaic effect is quite different. Polymer solar cells are made by combination of organic and inorganic materials. The organic materials used are polymers which are conducting in nature. Various layers of inorganic semiconducting materials are coated over it via various surface-coating techniques. Over these layers, choice of π-conjugate polymers is coated, which form electron donor-acceptor layers. The role of each layer is discussed as they affect the working of polymer solar cell.

001814   Keerthana P;Balaganesan S M (NO, , ) : Hybrid cascaded multilevel in veter using space vector pulse width modulation. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2015, 5(1), 14-19.

This paper proposes a topology of hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter consisting of two inverters namely main inverter and auxiliary inverter. Main inverter consists of three-leg inverter with single DC source and auxiliary inverter consists of three H-bridge two-leg inverter with separate DC sources for each H-bridge. Switches used in our proposed method are IGBT (insulated-gate bipolar transistor). The proposed model consists of 18 switches. The switches are controlled by space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique. The performance of the circuit is validated by measuring the THD using FFT analysis in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The harmonic content is reduced to that of conventional method.

001813   Kanth T V K;Srikanth V S (NO, , ) : Drilling of composite materials. J Mater metall Engng 2015, 5(2), 1-10.

In today's world composites are replacing metals due to their superior properties such as lightweight; low wear rate etc. Composites are widely used in automobile, aerospace and aircraft structural components. While drilling composite laminates, because of high hardness, they are difficult to machine, which results in low drilling efficiency and undesirable drilling induced delamination. The present paper is intended to focus on review of various works reported on drilling of composites, which includes surface finish, hole geometry, cutting forces, modeling and optimization, such that it will be helpful to the new researchers to identify the unexplored areas and carry out their research.

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001812   Jisha V T;Suresh G (NO, , ) : Sol-gel synthesis of SRAL407 and defect-related luminescence properties. J Nanosci Nanoengng Applic 2015, 5(2), 16-9.

Single phase of monoclinic SrAl₄O₇ is synthesized by sol-gel process at a markedly lower temperature as compared to conventional solid-state reaction. The sol-gel derived samples were characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and spectrofluorometer. The XRD analysis shows that the strontium aluminate has the monoclinic (α-SrA₂) structure. It was demonstrated that the PL emission was obtained at 395 nm, 510 nm and 800 nm corresponding to the blue, green and IR region of the spectrum, respectively.

001811   Jamal A;Ranjan A K;Yadav A K;Shirin S (Mining Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu Univ), Varanasi-221 005, Email: ajamal.min@itbhu.ac.in) : Prediction of mine drainage quality in a proposed coal mine. Indian Min Engng J 2015, 54(1), 15-19.

The quality and quantity of water before mining may prove an effective step in management and utilization of waste water likely to produce during mining operation. In many mineral producing countries, the pre-mining prediction of water quality is must for getting lease or license for mining operations. In India, it may also be introduced for effective management and mitigation of environmental problems. In this paper, prediction of water quality has discussed. This paper concludes that the prediction of mine drainage is possible at exploration stage. It is possible to predict the quality of water in terms of pH, TDS, conductivity and metal concentration. Such information before start of mine will not only be useful for planning the water pollution control in advance but also help in mitigation of ill effects on mining and surrounding water regime.

5 illus, 7 ref

001810   Jain R;Tiwari D C;Sharma S;Mishra P (NO, Jiwaji Univ, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, Email: rajeevjain54@yahoo.co.in) : Efficiency and stability of carbon cloth electrodes for electricity production from different types of waste water using duel chamber microbial fuel cell. J scient ind Res 2015, 74(5), 308-14.

The electricity production from waste water collected from food industry, oil mill, pharmaceutical industry, kitchen and sewage have been studied by microbial fuel cell duel chamber assembly. The set-up was fully designed in our laboratory using acid treated and platinum coated carbon cloth as anode and cathode respectively. Electricity generation and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of these types of water samples were monitored using only 50 mL of waste water in anodic chamber. All 5 samples shows good potential of energy, which is stored in the form of organic waste out of which, sewage waste water produces highest current density (1.025 mA/cm^{2) and power density (804.0 μW/cm2) at 7th day of inoculation. The highest COD removal of 91% was observed with sewage waste water. The carbon cloth (CC) anode was characterized for Microbial fuel cell (MFC) application by cyclic voltammetry. The electrode shows stability for 45 days with minor change in resistivity and bio-compatibility.}

4 illus, 2 tables, 36 ref

001809   Hameed M S S;Kannan N (NO, ManonmaniamSundaranar Univ, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, Email: shahul.msme@gmail.com) : Agent based secure multicast authentication on wireless network. J scient ind Res 2015, 74(5), 271-6.

Conventional key based authentication system normally associated with block cipher and allows the sender to send the packets with signature scheme. The relationship between the packets makes them vulnerable to packet loss, which is inherent in the internet and wireless networks. In addition, the lack of Denial of Service (DOS) resilience renders most of them vulnerable to packet injection in the hostile environments. In this paper we propose an Agent Based Secure Multicast Authentication (ABSMA) which utilizes the public key encryption in batch signature with efficient fast hashing algorithm. Our agent based architecture used for the identification of packet loss and injection and allows the host to resend the particular packets.

1 table, 18 ref

001808   Gulia S;Kumar A;Khare M (Civil Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, Email: kharemukesh@yahoo.co.in) : Performance evaluation of CALPUFF and AERMOD dispersion models for air quality assessment of an industrial complex. J scient ind Res 2015, 74(5), 302-7.

Air quality model (AQM) is an essential tool for management of air quality in near field region of an industrial complex. Model validation study using site specific input data can boost the consistency on accuracy of model's performance for air quality management. This study describes the validation of CALPUFF and AERMOD for assessment of NO_x concentrations in near field region of a steel industry in Bellary district of Karnataka state in India. Relative model performances are evaluated by comparing monitored and predicted pollutants using well referred statistical descriptors. Further, the performance of CALPUFF has evaluated with different dispersion options (i.e., PGT-ISC dispersion curve and similarity theory) and vertical layers option (i.e., two and ten vertical layers) in CALMET, meteorological pre-processor of CALUFF. Both models performed satisfactorily for predicting NO_x concentrations. Further, CALPUFF with different dispersion options performed more satisfactorily than AERMOD. CALPUFF with PGT- ISC dispersion curve option performed more satisfactorily than similarity theory based dispersion option for the selected pollutant. In addition to this, CALPUFF with two vertical layers option performed better than ten vertical layers option. The satisfactory performance of CALPUFF over AERMOD might be due to its predicting capability in calm condition, in which all plume dispersion models failed.

3 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref