003790   Agrawal V;Paul C;Das M K;Muralidhar K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208 016, Email: mkdas@iitk.ac.in) : Effect of coil embolization on blood flow through a saccular cerebral aneurysm. Sadhana 2015, 40(3), 875-87.

Coil embolization is a mildly invasive endovascular method for treatment of a cerebral aneurysm. The presence of a coil reduces fluid loading of the blood vessel and delays further deformation of the walls. Its effectiveness depends on the coil porosity and permeability apart from the nature of flow pulsations and its geometry. In the present work, a three dimensional numerical study of pulsatile flow of blood through an artery with saccular cerebral aneurysm is reported. The flow is unsteady but is taken to be laminar and incompressible. The coil is treated as homogeneous and isotropic porous medium. A comparative study has been carried out on aneurysms with and without a coil insert considering blood as a non-Newtonian fluid. The simulation is carried out for Reynolds numbers Re = 500 and 1500. Results show that the velocity magnitude within the coil embolized aneurysm becomes negligible after coil insertion. The wall shear stress within the aneurysm decreases to a great extent for both Reynolds numbers. Pressure levels remain relatively unchanged. Overall, reduced wall loading with a coil stabilizes the growth of the aneurysm and thus provides an advantage.

8 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

002797   Udhayapraksh A;Udhayapraksh A;Biksha Nateshan S;Vijay Vishwanath S;Vivek Vijayan C (NO, , ) : Smart steam generator using labview. J Instrum Technol Innovation 2015, 5(1), 6-12.

Efficiency of the boiler was deliberate by estimating the heat losses. Analysis on the performance of the boiler was directed by investigative the heat losses, categorizing the reasons for losses, computing the individual loss and developing an approach for loss reduction. We all know about the problems occurred in a boiler plant based on temperature, level and flow rate to produce the steam. In this paper, we have implemented a VI program in LabVIEW platform to overcome those kinds of problem generated in the boiler. The main objective of this paper is to generate steam by controlled action. It is also include controlled temperature, level and flow process to required steam. Here the major problems are overflow of boiler and dryness of the boiler those are controlled by the proposal controller - Cascade and a Selector controller in LabVIEW.

002796   Thareja P (NO, , ) : Metal forming management: through efficient technology system. J Mater metall Engng 2015, 5(1), 60-72.

Paper gives an account of the control of technological parameters in the manufacturing areas of rolling, forging and extrusion, besides the analysis of their role-playing to yield a fit component of right and requisite mechanical properties. The control of process parameters, the various dependent and independent variables, with efficient and frequent monitoring of recommended/design process parameters is vital towards controlling the manufacturing and hence economy of the manufacturing process. It is necessary to have a holistic approach to control of process in terms of not only the desired geometry and metallurgy or consequent service behaviour, but also the socio-technological impacts of the process; viz which technology is better suited in long term interests of the society, vis-a-vis the assured supply of raw materials or energy resources, and containment of costs within the complex global economic pressures. High temperature metallurgical operations also render the manufacturing process to difficulties of environmental degradation necessitating numerous end of pipe recommendations. This calls for a usual PDCA (Plan, Do Check Act) approach as commonly applied by industries implementing quality management system (QMS) today; though at times that should have concentrated more for engineering clues. Thus optimization of given process for a balance of hot or cold working may be driven in near future by more of techno commercial reasons, given the increasing employment of non-conventional technologies of powder metallurgical (P/M) forging, or like of swarf forming. The advantages here accrue because of shorter process cycle in former and resource recycling and conservation in latter. As a prelude to environmental upgradation, new re-engineering and redesigning imperatives may be necessitated to fulfill the goals of competitive manufacturing in metal forming.

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002795   Surendra B S;Sandeep G M;Shetty P B (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Bangalore) : Design and fabrication of inverted cup single action press draw tool. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(6), 15-7.

Seamless drawn cups typically find wide applications in all the fields of life such as food storage cans, appliances, automotive and aerospace industries. The operation of cup drawing using flat sheet metal blank requires two forces, one for drawing operation and the other is for strip holding force to control the flow of stock during drawing operation. Generally drawing operation is carried out using straight type draw tool (punch at the top and die at the bottom) utilizing Double Action Press which gives the two required forces. The present paper deals with the idea of designing and fabrication of an Inverted Draw Tool which can perform in Single Action Press. This Press gives only one force which is utilized for drawing and the other force required for strip holding is created in the tool by means of a compression spring. The strip holding force is calculated using empirical formula which is related to drawing force. The spring of suitable design is selected for use. The provision is made in the tool to vary the spring force so that the optimum spring holding force can be obtained by trial and error method to enable getting drawn components without draw defects. The design and fabrication of the inverted draw tool was successful and drawing operation from the stock was carried out.

4 illus, 5 ref

002794   Shareef M S M;Pandey R K (Construction and Management, Civil Engineer at Republic of Iraq, Ministry of Electricity, IRAQ) : Management of risk in civil engineering project. Allahabad Fmr 2015, 70(2), 35-8.

Present investigation is undertaken in the department of civil engineering, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, during the year 2013-2014. The experiment was To assess the foremost major and customary risks that cause unhealthy impact on construction amount to study management of risk in construction industry and to work out affordable and cheap solution.

1 table, 13 ref

002793   Saad S S;Darbari A S;Jayapandian P D (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Shepherd School of Engineering & Technology, Allahabad-211 007) : Prediction of flat plate collector by using hybrid technique. Allahabad Fmr 2015, 70(2), 233-40.

Solar water heaters (SWH) are becoming increasingly attractive in sustainable development. Hence the Efforts continuously made here is to reduce their costs to make them more affordable. Solar energy has experienced a remarkable development in recent years because of cost reduction due to technological development as well as renewable energy scheme supported by the government. The process of using sun's energy to heat water is not a new technology. Solar water heating (SWH) technology has improved a lot during the past century. The primary method of energy transport in solar energy from sun is electromagnetic radiation. This type of radiation coming from the Sun also depends on temperature. The Sun generates electromagnetic radiation in extensive span of wavelengths. However, most of the radiation is being sent out in the observable range due to its surface temperature. The amount of solar energy received in a particular region depends on the time of the day, the season of the year, the sky's cloudiness, and how closeness of Earth's equator. Also Predicting weather is important in order to model a system and also to prevent the environment produced by several effects. The prediction of weather plays an important role in day today activities. There are many techniques available for prediction of weather analysis, and it requires a minimum number of input parameters to continue the process. For modeling we utilized Genetic algorithm and for prediction we employed hybrid ABC and PSO techniques. Genetic algorithm is utilized in order to optimize the modeling technique by using the dataset collected. Therefore by using hybrid ABC and PSO algorithms data prediction procedure is carried out. The proposed method has proved as an efficient method for modeling and prediction of the solar water heater outlet temperature with an effective accuracy.

10 illus, 15 ref

002792   Riadh R R;Alimran M;Shobial A M;Shahjalal M; Mannan M A (NO, , ) : Speed control of an inverter fed three-phase induction motor using IP controller considering core loss and stray load loss. Trends electl Engng 2015, 5(1), 28-35.

Consideration of core losses and stray load losses to design a controller of an inverter fed induction motor are affected to the flux and torque decoupling strategy adversely. As a consequence, the detuning of field-oriented control (FOC) is required. The detuning strategies have been developed in some literatures. But the implementation of detuning becomes difficult because of higher order expression. In general, the controlling and estimation of AC drives are considerably more complex than those of DC drives. This complexity increases substantially if high performances are demanded. The main reasons for this complexity are the need of variable frequency, harmonically optimum converter power supplies, the complex dynamics of AC machines, machine parameter variations, and the difficulties of processing feedback signals in the presence of harmonics. To avoid the detuning strategies and to minimize the overshoot and steady state error problems which occur while using a conventional PI controller, the decoupling control strategies with integral plus proportional controller have been proposed.

002791   Rao C V H;Satyanaray P V V;Krishna K S (Civil Engineering Dep, GITAM Institute of Technology, Gitam Univ, Visakhapatanam-530 045, Email: rkcivilgitam@yahoo.co.in) : Feasibility of stabilized red mud in road constructions. J Ind Pollut Control 2013, 29(1), 129-32.

The enormous growth in industrialization leads to the increase in environmental pollution by disposing different types of wastes. There is a need to minimize the adverse effects of these wastes on environment. The present study focused on feasibility of Alluminium plant waste called Red Mud in road constructions. Present study facilitates an economical pavement with the use of stabilized Red Mud as one component layer. The Red Mud was modified by the stabilizers like lime and GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag). The geotechnical properties of Red Mud with various percentages of lime (2, 4, 6, 8%'s) and GGBS (10, 20, 30%'s) were studied. CBR test was conducted at different curing periods like 7 and 28 days and higher values were observed at-higher curing periods i.e. 7 and 28 days. The optimum dosage can be identified at20% of GGBS and 6% of lime.

4 illus, 4 tables, 4 ref

002790   Ranjan M;Srivastav A L;Shaktibala (Civil Engineering Dep, Sikkim Manipal Univ, Sikkim-737 132, Email: manish040533@gmail.com) : Effects of addition of cationic ligands in hydrous bismuth oxide on removal of fluoride from aqueous solutions. Curr Sci 2015, 108(9), 1673-82.

Hydrous bismuth oxides (HBO2) have been reported to have anionic sorptive properties. In the present study, removal of fluoride from aqueous solution has been explored for its possible application in drinking water treatment. The performance of fluoride removal from aqueous solutions has been studied by adding four cationic ligands (Fe^{2+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and Cu2+) in the matrix of hydrous bismuth oxide (HBO2). Enhanced fluoride removals properties were observed by addion of cations in hydrous bismuth oxide as compared to hydrous bismuth oxide alone. The pH of the treated water was remained in the range 6.9-9.1, indicating that OH- ions are not released from the adsorbents during fluoride adsorption. Characterizations of HBO2 and HBO2 with four cationic ligands were achieved by using XRD analyses and the tested powders are found crystalline in nature as they show large and sharp peaks. FTIR analyses of tested materials support the results obtained through XRD analyses. Ca and Mg ions in HBO2 appear to increase the pH of point of zero charge (pHPZC) of the powders.}

5 illus, 6 tables, 50 ref

002789   Rajesh Kannan G;Murali K;Deepan Bharahi Kannaa T (NO, , ) : Analysis of friction stir welded aluminum alloys 2014 and 8011. J Mater metall Engng 2015, 5(1), 12-7.

In this work we investigated friction stir welding of Aluminum Alloy 2014, Aluminum Alloy 8011. The major defects occurring while friction stir welding are tunnel effect, poor tensile strength, uneven material flow. The main causes for these defects are improper selection of welding parameters. The major welding parameters considered in Friction stir welding are spindle rotational speed (rpm), tool travel speed (mm/min) and tool angle (degree).In this work steps are taken to reduce the defects by selecting suitable machining parameter and we found the results were satisfactory through tensile strength, bending strength and microstructure analysis.

002788   Raja V L;Kumaravel A;Ramesh M;Karthikeyan T (Mechatronics Engineering Dep, K.S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, Tamilnadu, Email: vlraja@rediffmail.com) : Effective utilization of industrial waste (flyash) to enhance the properties of polymer composites for mechanical components. J Ind Pollut Control 2013, 29(1), 63-9.

Particulate filled polymer composites, exhibit good mechanical and tribological properties when they are compounded properly. Nylon 66 is mostly opted engineering polymer due to its good mechanical properties. Flyash is very much sought -after filler for any matrix in recent years. This article reports on the investigations on nylon 66 reinforced with flyash in 5 to 25% weight fraction increasing in steps of 5%. Flyash filled nylon composites were compounded in a twin screw extruder. The tensile, impact, flexural, compression strength and wear samples in accordance with ASTM standards were produced in 60 ton L&T injection moulding machine. The flyash filled nylon 66 composites showed enhanced mechanical and tribological properties. SEM observations revealed good adhesion and uniform dispersion of flyash with matrix in general and in lower weight concentrations in particular.

13 illus, 1 table, 28 ref

002787   Pundir P;Srivastava R;Sood Y R (NO, , ) : Prediction of transformer oil parameters using UV/VIS spectroscopy graphs. Trends electl Engng 2015, 5(2), 35-41.

Ultraviolet-visible rays (UV/VIS) spectroscopy is a method based on a spectrum, which forms a graph between radiations absorbed by the material and the wavelength of the radiations. UV/VIS spectroscopy is able to tell the impurities or decay contents present in any sample material. In this paper, we have used data collected from various tests performed on the transformer oil samples and compared these results with the UV/VIS spectroscopy results. This can help us in prediction of the values of various oil parameters such as density, interfacial tension (IFT), breakdown voltage (BDV), flash point and water content in the oil sample by performing only one test. Spectroscopy is a very cheap and less time consuming test.

002786   Paul S;Muhit M S;Rahman M S (NO, , ) : Analysis of output behavior of PEMFC by varying flow rates (air flow rate and fuel flow rate). Trends electl Engng 2015, 5(2), 14-21.

As the demand for electricity is increasing rapidly and our traditional fuel sources are coming to an end in terms of reserve, shifting towards green energy is becoming more and more convenient. Fuel Cells are sources of higher efficiency than any other green energy sources. As recent research trend fuel cell are going under various types of research for optimization purposes. In this research study, the behavior of PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell) varying some input parameters have been observed. Fuel Flow rate and Air Flow rate have been varied and the output of the Fuel Cell Stack has been observed. MATLAB Simulink Platform has been used here to simulate the total system of Fuel Cell.

002785   Ochi A R;Mannan M A;Ghosh B C (NO, , ) : Optimal allocation of FACTS devices using quantum inspired evolutionary programming. Trends electl Engng 2015, 5(1), 23-7.

Quantum Inspired Evolutionary Programming (QIEP) is an optimization technique that combines the benefits of quantum computing and evolutionary algorithms together. In this paper this technique is used to find optimal allocation of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices. The results are compared with the results found from genetic algorithms (GAs). Based on the results it can be concluded that QIEP technique is better than GAs.

002784   Nivetha A;Balamurugan K (NO, , ) : Implementation of a bidirectional double-boost DC-DC converter with a high conversion ratio. Trends electl Engng 2015, 5(1), 16-22.

This paper presents the design and implementation of a Bidirectional double-boost DC-DC Converter for renewable energy applications with a high conversion ratio. The system's main circuit is the bidirectional buck/boost converter which manages and controls both charging and discharging mode functions. With very simple control circuits, the high conversion ratio is achieved using Coupled Inductor technique. With the motto to achieve high conversion ratio, one power switch is controlled for discharging mode and two power switches is controlled simultaneously for charging mode. The maximum efficiency is obtained for both the modes. The design has been simulated and verified using Matlab R2010a.

002783   Naresh C;Gandhi N N (Chemical Engineering Dep, A. C. College of Technology, Chennai) : Promise of citric acid for biofuel. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(6), 76-7.

This paper deals about the synthesis of 3-methylpentane from citric acid. The reaction includes two steps. Initially, LiAlH₄ reacts with citric acid forming a polyol product and in second step, the hydriodic acid reacts with polyol to form 3-methylpentane. The purpose of this research paper is to provide high octane fuel for transportation. The octane number for 3-methylpentane is found to be 80-86.

2 tables, 3 ref

002782   Nagammai S;Dhanalakshmi K;Latha S (NO, , ) : Design of model-based controllers for a CSTR process. J Instrum Technol Innovation 2015, 5(1), 13-20.

Objective of this paper is to propose suitable control strategies for controlling highly nonlinear system represented by the mathematical model of the jacketed continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with so called Van de Vusse reaction. The operating point of the reactor is chosen so as to give maximum yield of the desired product. The mathematical model of reactor is obtained by considering the feed flow rate (Fr) as the manipulated variable and the reactor product B concentration (CB) as the controlled variable. In this proposed work design of various controllers such as conventional PID, internal model control (IMC) and Model predictive controller (MPC) is made. The time domain performance specifications are compared. The simulation is provided to substantiate the superior performance of MPC over PID and IMC. The performances of the designed controllers are tested for both servo and regulatory operation. The simulation is carried out using MATLAB to control the modeled process.

002781   Nabhiraj P Y;Menon R;Mohan Rao G;Mohan S;Basu J (NO, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF, Bidhan nagar, Kolkata, Email: npy@vecc.gov.in) : Design and fabrication of plasma based FIB system. Mfg Technol Today 2014, 13(3), 3-8.

A Plasma based high current focused ion beam (FIB) system to produce micron size ion beams of all gaseous elements has been indigenously developed. The system is capable of delivering ion currents in the focused spot in the range of few nA to 2.5 μA and the ion source delivers ion current with angular current density of more than 20 mA/Sr. These parameters are atleast three orders larger than conventional FIB systems utilizing LMIS. Few ion beam milling experiments on steel and silicon show the mi/ling rate of about 300 μm^3/s.

5 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

002780   Murugan A;Ramesh R;Shashikumar P V (Ultra Precision Engineering Dep, Central Manufacturing Technology Institute, Tumkur Road, Bangalore, Email: murugan.a@cmti-india.net) : Enhanced emission properties of carbon nanoparticles by hydrothermal method. Mfg Technol Today 2014, 13(3), 20-3.

In the report presents on a multi-color fluorescent and water soluble carbon nanoparticle (CNPs) were fabricated by a facile one-step hydrothermal method by using L-Ascorbic Acid as a carbon source. Height distribution of Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) image revels CNPs are monodisperse having average size of 5.0 nm with narrow distribution. Raman analysis shows, as synthesized CNPs having sp^{2 hybridization of carbon having graphite crystalline structure. The CNPs could emit bright and colorful photoluminescence (PL) which covering the entire visible to Near Infrared (NIR) spectral range. Moreover, these particles also had excellent up conversion fluorescent properties over the range.}

6 illus, 15 ref

002779   Manujesh B J R;Rao V;Prajna M R;Jnanesh N A; Antony P J (NO, , ) : Behavior of sandwich composites under edgewise and flatwise compression; effect of variation of fibre architecture and core density. J Mater metall Engng 2015, 5(1), 18-35.

Present paper is focused on the fabrication of foam-cored sandwich composites using manual hand layup technique and testing under in-plane compression. The sandwich construction comprises of polyurethane foams of five varied densities with E-glass fibre in vinylester resin as face sheets. Four different varieties of E-glass fibre are used. As compression properties are of critical importance during the design of lightweight structures, an attempt is made to study the behavior of sandwich composites under edgewise and flatwise compression modes. The tests are conducted in accordance with ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standards. The experimental results showed that the core-facesheet interface plays a major role in contributing to compressive strength. Compressive strength increases with the increase in density of foam core. It is observed that woven roving (WR) and stitch bond mat (SBM) type fabric possess better strength in edgewise and flatwise compression than other fabrics. Edgewise compressive strength of sandwich composites is influenced by fibre architecture, where as flatwise compressive strength is independent of fibre architecture. The failure mode observed is facesheet wrinkling in low density sandwich composites and facesheet compression followed by core cracking in high density sandwich composites under edgewise compression. In flatwise compression, the failure mode is core crack followed by core crushing.

002778   Mahmud S G;Ochi A R;Ghosh B C (NO, , ) : Generation scheduling using quantum inspired evolutionary programming. Trends electl Engng 2015, 5(1), 12-15.

New novel evolutionary algorithm based on principles of quantum mechanics known as quantum inspired evolutionary programming (QIEP) has emerged as a modern optimization technique. QIEP is unique than other evolutionary programming for its qubit representation and superposition of states. QIEP has proven its applicability in different combinatorial problems successfully. It can also be applied in power system optimization problem. In this paper, authors have used QIEP for generation scheduling. The results were compared with genetic algorithm-based solution for the same problem. The results showed improvement for QIEP.

002777   Kanal V (Mechanical Engineering Dep, BLDEA CET, Bijapur/Karnataka/India) : FEA analysis on weld structure. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(6), 28-31.

In this work, the quality of a butt welded joint is analyzed using ANSYS Finite Element Analysis Software. It is modeled as a three dimensional transient heat conduction problem. The process of welding is simulated as a moving heat source in the welding zone. The temperature distribution for different heat flux and weld speed are obtained from the Thermal analysis. The result of the Thermal analysis is given as input to the structural analysis and the coupled field analysis is carried out. The effect of input parameters such as heat flux and weld speed is analyzed. It has been found from the investigations that the weld speed and heat flux greatly influence the temperature distribution and residual stress developed in the welded area which in turn improve the quality of weld. Thus, the optimum parameter for quality welding has been found as minimum heat flux and maximum weld speed.

15 illus, 6 ref

002776   Islam M Z;Mannan M A (NO, , ) : Design and simulation of discrete time multi-input multi-output optimal controller to control active and reactive power of DFIG. Trends electl Engng 2015, 5(1), 1-11.

Control of active and reactive power of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) in a large scale wind farm has become an important issue for the improvement of wind energy system to provide efficient and reliable electrical power with safety. The control strategies of active power and reactive power can be classified in two types-direct power control and indirect power control. First control strategy has designed based on the chosen switching patterns of inverter depending on the error of active power and reactive power with variable switching frequency. The generated ripple of power is high in this case due to the variable switching frequency. Former control strategy has been designed based on the mathematical model of DFIG. In this case the switching frequency can be kept constant. The active power and reactive power controller has been designed based on the PI controller which can be implemented easily by choosing the gains by trial and error method. But, the overshoot and steady-state error cannot be minimized and the controller is not robust under the variation where the gain of PI controller is chosen by trial and error method. In this paper, a discrete-time multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) optimal controller has been designed to control the active and reactive power of DFIG. Moreover, the designed controller is robust under the variation of parameter. The efficacy of the proposed control system has been verified by simulation work which has been done in MATLAB/Simulink software.

002775   Islam M R;Rahman M F (NO, , ) : Feature fusion based iris and retina recognition system using Kohonon self-organizing mapping neural network algorithm. Trends electl Engng 2015, 5(2), 22-6.

This paper proposes a model of biometric security with feature fusion based iris and retina recognition system. Though, a lot of research works have done for iris recognition system and it is not new for the fusion of multimodal iris recognition in the area of biometric security and authentication system. But, it is a relatively new idea of mixing iris and retina features for human authentication. Here, the features of iris and retinal images are extracted using standard methods, then features are fused and reduced using Principal Component Analysis based dimensionality reduction technique. These reduced features are feed to the Kohonon Self-Organizing Neural Network Algorithm for learning and recognition purposes. CASIA iris dataset have been used for iris recognition and DRIVE dataset have been used for performance measurements of the retinal images.

002774   Islam M R (NO, , ) : Back-propagation neural network based speaker identification under noise distortion. Trends electl Engng 2015, 5(2), 1-6.

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the performance of the proposed speaker identification system where Wiener filtering technique has been used to eliminate the background white Gaussian noises and linear discriminant analysis has been used to reduce the dimension of the speech features. Since the audio signal captures more environmental noises than other biometrics modalities, the main emphasis of this paper is to analyze the problem domains of noise robust speaker identification which will further improve the performance of the system. Experimental results show the superiority of the proposed system over existing methodologies of speaker identification. NOIZEUS speech database has been used to measure the performance of the proposed system where eight different noisy environmental speeches are considered such as airport, babble, car, exhibition, restaurant, street, train and train station with four different SNRs i.e., 0, 5, 10 and 15 dB. Finally the proposed system performance has been compared with existing principal component analysis based speaker identification system and shows the superiority of the proposed system.

002773   Huddar S;Sheeparamatti B G;Hallikeri G;Shetty K;Patil P (NO, , ) : Analysis of MEMS electrostatic actuator using simulink software tool. J Instrum Technol Innovation 2015, 5(1), 32-5.

Study includes Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) electrostatic actuator using SIMULINK software tool considering equivalent mathematical model. This paper deals with the equation of motion, electrostatic force for the analysis of pull in voltage and displacement of an electrostatic cantilever with respect to the changes in applied force (voltage). Considering these equation, we have developed SIMULINK model to analyze pull in voltage, and displacement for the various applied input voltage.

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002772   Gupta A;Sircar A (NO, , Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited) : Flow assurance and comparison of modelling & SCADA results for onshore crude oil trunk line - a case study. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(6), 52-60.

In the quest of energy resources, oil exploration and production is in its peak activity during the present era. Oil and gas fields worldwide are reaching maturity, pushing operations to more challenging areas. During transportation of oil through a pipeline, when the oil temperature is higher than the pipe wall temperature, there will be a dissolved wax concentration gradient between the bulk oil and pipe wall. Crystallization and deposition of waxes occurs if the wall/interface temperature falls below the wax appearance temperature (WAT) of oil being transported. It can affect single wells along with transportation pipelines that are critical to the safe supply of oil to processing facilities. Wax deposition is a very complex phenomenon. Proper pipelines and production equipment is one of the main challenges in Flow Assurance. As remedial costs increase with decreasing production, wax precipitation and deposition significantly influence economy for a field. There are several wax deposition models with different approaches on modeling wax deposition. The basic wax deposition models are Rygg, Rydahland Ronningsen (RRR) model, Matzain model, Hydro model and University of Michigan model. The important element is to illustrate how wax deposition models predict wax build up. The present study intends to analyse the effect of wax deposition on pipelines by RRR model and estimate the temperature profile during summer and winters in entire length of pipeline using MATLAB software &compares it with real time SCADA results. It also estimates and compares the pressure drop and volume of wax deposited along the length of the pipeline.

8 illus, 1 table, 35 ref

002771   Goyal A K;Agarwal P B (NO, CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, Email: agarwalbpankaj@gmail.com) : Nano-patterning of 16-MHA over palladium substrate using DIP-PEN nano-lithography (DPN). Mfg Technol Today 2014, 13(3), 13-19.

In this paper, the nanowriting process over palladium substrate with 16-MHA ink has been established using Dip-Pen Nanolithography. For nanowriting, the substrate was fabricated with very low rms roughness (^{<126>0.64nm) using e-beam deposition technique. After ink calibration, the lines and dots were fabricated with 5mM ink of 16-MHA. The width/diameter estimation of patterns was done in NanoRule image analysis software. The effect of humidity along with varying speed/dwell time is also demonstrated and results are explained in detail. The measured minimum line width <126> 269nm and dot diameter <126>602 nm was successfully achieved. These SAM patterns could be very useful for positioning of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The low contact resistance of Pd with CNTs would also be an additional advantage.}

8 illus, 11 ref

002770   Gayathri G S;Manimala K (NO, , ) : Simulation of dynamic voltage restorer for voltage sag mitigation. Trends electl Engng 2015, 5(2), 7-13.

In recent years, power quality is the major issue in transmission and distribution network. This paper concentrates on one of the power quality problem, such as voltage sag. A novel mitigation system is simulated using Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). The proposed system is boosting the sagged phase voltage by deriving the voltages from other healthy phases. The system is designed with two ac chopper circuits and two transformers. The voltage sag is mitigated by controlling the duty cycle of each ac chopper. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the proposed concept.

002769   Ganeshwaran P;Suji D (Civil Engineering Dep, Karpagam Univ, Coimbatore) : Durability aspects of self compacting concrete with manufactured sand and flyash. Indian J envir Prot 2014, 34(2), 126-35.

This paper presents the details self compacting concrete (SCC) developed by using flyash and manufactured sand. Characterization studies of all the ingredients of SCC have been carried out. SCC containing different proportion of flyash have been tested for slump flow, V-funnel, U-box, L-box and J-ring and found that the values are within the limits prescribed by EFNARC. Various durability aspects, such as water absorption, sorptivity, sulphate resistance, shrinkage and rapid chloride penetration resistance have been examined for all the SCC mixes. It is observed that water absorption increases because of the inert behaviour of flyash and the more pore percentage as compared to control mix at the initial ages, after that when flyash reaction mechanism takes place there is no significant rise in percentage of water absorbed at 28 day and at 56 day. From shrinkage studies, it is observed that at low flyash content, the shrinkage is more or less same as control mix, but there is significant change in the case of high flyash content. It is observed from sorptivity studies that increasing the amount of flyash results in a gradual reduction in sorptivity. At low flyash content, the water absorbed by capillary action is observed to be nearly same as control mix, but there is a significant difference in the capillary action of high flyash content. The general observation is sulphate resistance of SCC increases with increase of FA content and percentage of weight loss decreases with increase of age. The chloride penetration resistance increased with the increase of % replacement of cement. It can be concluded that SCC with manufactured sand and flyash can be used for all applications in the construction sector.

4 illus, 7 tables, 26 ref

002768   Dash S K;Khan A M;Doraisamy J;Chitakudige R (NO, ISRO Satellite Centre, Air Port Road, Vimanapuram, Bangalore, Email: sarat@isac.gov.in) : FIB deposited molybdenum micro contact for VLSI circuit edit. Mfg Technol Today 2014, 13(3), 9-12.

Platinum and tungsten have been widely used for making electrical contact using FIB for circuit edit. However they find limitation in small structure via filling. Molybdenum is becoming one of the promising materials to be used in FIB for electrical contact. Electrical characterization of FIB deposited molybdenum contact is described in this paper. Electrical resistivity, via filling capability, electro migration resistance and environmental resistance of FIB deposited molybdenum has been studied. FIB deposited molybdenum has shown better via filling capability and improved electro migration resistance. However molybdenum contacts are found to be susceptible to humidity induced degradation. Recapping the device after circuit edit with appropriate epoxy potting compound is found to provide excellent protection against humidity induced degradation.

5 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

002767   Chandran R;Simi V P;Thomas P;Thomas S A (NO, , ) : Reduced partial product booth multiplier with an effective error compensation circuit. Trends electl Engng 2015, 5(2), 42-9.

Reduced partial product Booth multiplier is mainly used in multimedia and digital signal processing (DSP) systems. In this paper, design of reduced partial product (constant-width) Booth multiplier is introduced. Here the least significant bit (LSB) of partial product matrix of Booth multiplier is removed and an error compensation function is derived for reducing truncation error. A simple error compensation circuit (SC generator) is also introduced to reduce the computations that make the truncation error value to be zero. In the previous multipliers, direct truncation method produces large truncation error; in the proposed system that generates final constant-width product by using a simple circuit, is denoted as SC-generator. Reduced partial product Booth multiplier can also improve peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of output images by 2 dB and 1.1 dB, respectively.

002766   Barjibhe R B;Bimlesh Kumar (Mechanical Engineering Dep, SSGBCOET, Bhusawal, Jalgaon, Maharashtra) : Performance evaluation of SMA NiTi helical spring at various temperatures. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(6), 18-20.

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are one of the most widely used smart materials in many applications because of their shape memory effect property and pseudo elastic behavior. In this work, the behavior of NiTi SMA helical spring was evaluated at various temperatures. The unique property of SMAs temperature dependent Young's modulus has been used to change the stiffness of the spring. The experiments were carried out at different temperatures to determine the stiffness of SMA spring. The experimental results shows that SMA based helical springs stiffness increases with increase in temperature and deflection decreases with increase in temperature. The result demonstrates SMA springs have great potential and can be used to control the vibrations.

6 illus, 7 ref

002765   Banu U S;Lakshmanaprabu S K (NO, , ) : Multi-loop adaptive internal model controller for two interacting conical tank process. J Instrum Technol Innovation 2015, 5(1), 21-31.

In this paper, an adaptive multi-loop internal model control (IMC) scheme is proposed for nonlinear process. Nonlinear multivariable process is decomposed into linear single input single output process. The interaction effect and illness of each linear region is analyzed by RGA (Relative Gain Array) and singular value decomposition method (SVD). It is a matrix technique used to determine condition number of steady state plant to avoid sensitivity problem which arises due to small change of process output. In the proposed method, multiloop internal model controller is designed for two conical interacting processes. Simple generalized formula for multi loop IMC for two input two output (TITO) processes is presented. Simulation studies show the feasibility of the proposed method for the computational analysis of the nonlinear interacting process. The experimental results indicate that the developed control schemes work well.Keywords: Conical tank process, multi loop IMC control, RGA, condition numberCite this Article: U. Sabura Banu, S.K. Lakshmanaprabu. Multi-loop Adaptive Internal Model Controller for Two Interacting Conical Tank Process. Journal of Instrumentation Technology & Innovation. 2015; 5(1):21-31.

002764   Badkar D S;Pandey K;Buvanashekaran G (NO, , ) : Comparison of RSM and ANN modeling approaches in predicting the laser phase transformation hardening parameters on the heat input and hardened-bead profile quality of unalloyed titanium. J Mater metall Engng 2015, 5(1), 36-59.

In the present work, laser transformation hardening (LTH) of unalloyed titanium, nearer to ASTM Grade 3 of chemical composition was investigated using CW 2kW, Nd: YAG laser. The laser process variables such as laser power, scanning speed, and focused position play a major role in deciding the laser hardened bead quality. Two methods, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were used to predict the heat input and hardened bead geometry parameters such as hardened bead width, hardened depth, and angle of entry of hardened bead profile of laser transformation hardened unalloyed titanium sheet of 1.6 mm thickness, keeping argon gas flow rate of 10 lpm as fixed input parameter. This paper also describes the comparison of the heat input and hardened bead geometry parameters such as hardened bead width, hardened depth, angle of entry of hardened bead profile (AEHB) predictive models based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The experimental plan was based on a 3-factor, 3-level Box-Behnken surface statistical design matrix method. Linear and quadratic polynomial equations were developed for proper process parametric study for its optimal performance characteristics using Response Surface Methodology. The experimental results under optimum conditions were compared with the simulated values obtained from the RSM and ANN models. Adequacy of the developed models was tested by analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique.

002763   Badkar D S;Pandey K;Buvanashekaran G (NO, , ) : Prediction and optimization of laser transformation hardening parameters of unalloyed titanium using RSM. J Mater metall Engng 2015, 5(1), 1-11.

Optimization abilities in Design-expert software were used to optimize the laser phase transformation hardened bead profile parameters, i.e., to maximize hardened bead width (HBW) and to minimize, the heat input (HI), hardened depth (HD) and angle of entry of hardened bead profile (AEHB) in continuous wave (CW) Nd:YAG laser transformation hardening of unalloyed titanium sheet with 1.6 mm thickness. The mathematical models were developed from Response Surface Methodology (RSM) are used to predict the laser phase transformation hardened bead profile parameters in terms of the laser process factors; namely laser power (LP), scanning speed (SS) and focused position (FP), used to optimize the laser transformation hardening process. The goal was to set the process factors at optimum values to reach the desirable laser hardened bead quality and to increase the production rate. In fact, two optimization criteria; numerical and graphical optimization techniques were taken into account using the design-expert software. In this investigation, optimal solutions were found those would improve the hardened quality, increase the productivity and minimize the total operation cost. In addition to that, superimposing the contours for the various response surfaces produced overlay plots. It has been investigated that the results accomplished from both numerical optimization and graphical methods ensured almost analogous values to each other for optimal LTH conditions in all the cases.

002762   Asirinaidu D;Naidu D R (Mechanical Engineering Dep, AITAM (Autonomous), Tekkali, Andhra Pradesh) : Experimental evaluation in the properties of various tin bronzes. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(6), 61-4.

Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin. These bronzes has high tensile strength, wear resistance and hardness that can be improved by adding and varying the percentage of tin, zinc to base metal. It is also possible improve hardness by heat treatment followed by different cooling mediums. This paper deals with preparation and the comparative study of tensile strength, hardness behavior of Tin bronzes which consist of copper metal reinforced with zinc, tin and in different weight ratio combinations.

18 ref

002761   Asha B (Civil Engineering Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar, Tami Nadsu, Email: ashrasgo@rediffmail.com) : Assesment of biomethanation potential of dairy wastewater. J Ind Pollut Control 2013, 29(1), 29-32.

Biogas produced by biomethanation of dairy wastewater, contributes to sustainable reliable and renewable energy. Due to the lack of proper treatment facilities; the waste undergo degradation naturally resulting in methane and other green house emissions into the atmosphere. An attempt was made to convert the waste into sustainable, reliable and renewable energy. In the present study biomethanation of dairy wastewater were studied in a 13L biodigester with a HRT of (1.87,2.08,2.88,3.74,5.34) days. The production of biogas was for 0.18 to 0.37 m^{3 of gas/kg COD removed.}

2 illus, 2 tables, 5 ref

002760   Agrawal A;Jain B B;Prakash V (NO, , ) : Mitigation of inrush current in induction motors using prefluxing technique. Trends electl Engng 2015, 5(2), 27-34.

Induction motor is one of the major inductive loads of power system. Its operating has the serious impact on the health of power system. Damage in induction motors can create a serious problem in transmission or distribution system. Three phase induction motor produces severe starting current which is called Inrush current. This causes shock to the driven equipment and damage to the mechanical system components. In this paper, prefluxing technique for reducing the inrush current as well as harmonics on induction motors is discussed.

001868   Zhu R;Li S;Bao X;Zhang Y (College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing Univ of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, P.R. China, Email: 1sy76@zzu.edu.cn) : Evaluation of new type of synthetic filler for the removal of NO_x. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(1), 361-4.

In this study, a novel biological filler was prepared. The physicochemical properties and performances on treating NOx were investigated compared with corncob and ceramsite in three biofilters. The new filler could provide nutrients for the microbe and could prevent the large fluctuate of pH. Compared with the two other materials, the new synthetic packing material (MCP) had a lowest pressure drop. The maximum removal capacities of NOx could reach to 2318, 1115 and 624 mg m^{-3 h-1 for MCP, corncob and ceramsite filler when the EBRT was not less than 36 s. Besides, the experimental datum were modeled using the modified Michaelis-Menten model and K_s and V_m had been calculated from the model equation.}

6 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

001867   Yu X;Qi J;Zhang S;Lu X (Institute of Mining Technology, Liaoning Technical Univ, Hulu Dao 125105, P.R. China, Email: yxy198208@tju.edu.cn) : Kinetics of acetic acid pretreatment catalyzed by Fe(NO₃)₃ of corn stover. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(1), 185-8.

Corn stover was treated with acetic acid in presence of Fe(NO3)3 as catalyst to enhance its sugar yields in the hydrolysis. Kinetics of acetic acid pretreatment catalyzed by Fe(NO3)3 was investigated in order to verify the feasibility of the catalytic reaction. The results showed that Fe(NO3)3 could effectively improve the hydrolysis rate of hemicelluloses and cellulose. Ferric nitrate not only greatly increase the rate of xylose and glucose formed (k1), but also decrease the degradation rate of the sugar formed (k2). When pretreatment catalyzed by Fe(NO3)3, selectivity coefficient S value, that is the ratio of hydrolysis rate k1 to degradation rate k2, are more than 1 and it increases gradually with the increase of acetic acid concentration.

2 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

001866   Yerpude R;Kher A A (NO, , ) : Safety information and decision support system for underground coal mine. Indian Min Engng J 2015, 54(2), 21-7.

Mine managerial officials have to take multiple decisions on a routine basis for the smooth running of the mine. For arriving at any form of decision which is responsible for production, productivity or ensuring the safety of mine and miners, availability and easy access of information along with decision support will certainly not only to expedite but also to arrive at the right decision at the proper time. Many decisions concerning complex systems like underground mine safety are often taken without the support of all the relevant information.. In many situations related to safety or disaster management or emergencies, the quality of decisions is extremely important which should be judiciously supported by the available data and information. More recently the decisions are supported or enhanced by a variety of techniques begin from information science, mathematical and statistical modelling, simulation and artificial intelligence, have been employed in the form of dedicated systems, either stand-alone or integrated systems for decision making. Such tools or stand alone Decision or Expert Systems are often given the common name of decision support systems (DSSs). A proposed safety information and decision support system (SIDSS) for an underground coal mine is discussed here to realize coal mine safety under the standardized database management platform with integration of coal mine information and decision support models as a modern tool for the mine safety personnel.

3 illus, 32 ref

001865   Yakubu L O;Aremu J M (NO, , ) : Impact of power supply on the industrial development in Nigeria. Omniscience 2015, 5(1), 5-11.

This paper seek to investigate the causal and long run relationship between power supply and industrial development in Nigeria from 1985-2011. To achieve this, the paper employed the Agumented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test of stationeries to co-integration proposed by assumption of Dimitrious and Stephen 2007 in to determine the time series characteristics of variables used in the regression. The paper adopted the approach of Durbin Watson modified unit root test. The ADF results show that there is presence of a false bloated positive outcome-effect of Electricity Installed Capacity (ELIC) against industrial productivity and a combined positive impact as high as 79.08% Adjusted R-square, while at the same time indicating an untreated problem of autocorrelation manifesting in Durbin Watson value of 0.784. These lapses thus necessitated the introduction of first difference of each series. While keeping the above in mind, the final result above shows negative relationship between Electricity installed capacity and industrial productivity in Nigeria to drive industrialization development, the country should fix the electricity supply problem.

001864   Vinod A R;Srinivasa C K;Keshavamurthy R; Shashikumar P V (NO, Central Manufacturing Technology Institute Tumkur Road, Bangalore, Email: vinodar@cmti-India.net) : Deposition of bronze-nickel on steel by laser-based metal deposition process. Mfg Technol Today 2014, 13(1), 27-30.

Direct Metal Deposition (DMD) is an additive manufacturing process for fabrication of metal parts directly from CAD model using high power lasers as heat source. In this paper, bronze-nickel material was deposited on steel substrate by DMD process. Laser power was varied from 100 to 300 W in steps of 50. Laser scan speed, powder flow rate, nozzle stand-off and step-over were maintained at 165 mm/min, 1.2 g/min, 10 mm and 0.15 mm respectively. Laser power had a significant influence on the quality of joint between bronze nickel and steel.

8 illus, 13 ref

001863   Thakur A;Wanchoo R K;Hardeep;Soni S K (Dr SS Bhatnagar Univ Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014, Email: anupamat@pu.ac.in) : Chitosan hydrogel beads: a comparative study with glutaraldehyde, epichlorohydrin and genipin as crosslinkers. J Polym Mater 2014, 31(2), 211-23.

Present study describes the synthesis of crosslinked chitosan (CS) hydrogel beads with chemical crosslinkers (glutaraldehyde and epichlorohydrin) and natural crosslinking reagent (genipin). Crosslinking was carried out for 24 h in case of glutaraldehyde and genipin and for 2 h in case of epichlorohydrin with constant stirring and heating at 30°C. Swelling study of crosslinked chitosan hydrogel beads was carried out in SIF (simulated intestinal fluid) and SGF (simulated gastric fluid) medium followed by diameter increase ratio (DIR). Increased swelling of hydrogels, under acidic conditions, was due to the protonation of primary amino groups on chitosan, as confirmed by FTIR analysis. Surface texture of hydrogel beads was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which revealed that crosslinked beads had smooth surface compared to non-crosslinked beads. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) suggested genipin crosslinked CS beads with highest thermal stability. The use of these hydrogels for drug release was studied using amoxicillin as the model drug. Release studies carried out in SGF showed the release mechanism to be anomalous in nature and suggested potential of these hydrogels in controlled drug delivery devices.

10 illus, 3 tables, 21 ref

001862   Tan C;Chen H;Wu T;Lin Z;Wang L (Chemistry Dep, Chemical Engineering of Key Lab of Process Analysis and Control of Sic, Yibin Univ, Yibin 644007, P.R. China, Email: chaotan1112@163.com) : Determination of total ester content in chinese liquor by combining near-infrared spectroscopy and wavelet-based calibration. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(1), 335-9.

Chinese liquor is one of the famous distilled spirits in China. How to accurately quantify total ester content of liquor is a problem. The feasibility of combining near-infrared spectroscopy with a calibration model for total ester content quantization is investigated. One hundred and thirty-seven samples of commercial bottled liquors were used for experiment. A new calibration procedure called reconstructed partial least squares, which is a combination of partial least squares, wavelet transform and mutual information, was developed. It is actually partial least squares modeling in reconstructed original domain coupled with mutual information-induced variable selection in wavelet domain. Three kinds of calibration procedure were used for comparison. It concluded that, compared to the reference methods, reconstructed partial least squares can produce better models without increased complexity for an end-user. Even if the proposed reconstructed partial least squares is only be used to determine the total ester content, it can be a potential tool for near-infrared analysis of other complex samples.

4 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

001861   Talukdar N C (NO, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati-781 035) : Institute of advanced study in science and technology, Guwahati. Curr Sci 2015, 108(8), 1434-7.

Established in the year 1979 by the Assam Science Society and subsequently supported by the Assam government, IASST was adopted as an autonomous R&D institute by the Department of Science and Technology in March 2009. Research achievement during the year 2014 has been highlighted under its various programmes.

3 illus, 18 ref

001860   Sweety S J;Sankari C (NO, , ) : High static gain modified sepic converter for renewable applications. J Pwr Elect Pwr Syst 2015, 5(2), 29-40.

This paper presents a high step-up DC-DC converter based on the modified single ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) for achieving high static gain. This converter topology is the combination of a classical boost converter and a conventional SEPIC converter. For low input and high output voltage applications, the modified SEPIC converter provides low switch voltage, low input current ripple and high step-up static gain. Therefore, this converter is suitable for the low DC output voltage applications such as renewable power. The modified SEPIC converter is used to increase the solar output voltage. The modified SEPIC converter can be analyzed with two types of configurations namely with magnetic coupling and without magnetic coupling. The magnetic coupling allows the increase of the static gain maintaining a reduced switch voltage. Two configurations operating with an input voltage equal to 15 V and an output power equal to 100 W. The configuration; without magnetic coupling operating with an output voltage equal to 150 V and with magnetic coupling operating with an output voltage equal to 300 V. The output voltage of these converters is converted into AC voltage by using DC-AC converter. These two configurations are simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

001859   Suresh M;Jagadeesh K A (Mech Engg Dep, Sri Krishna College of Engg and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, Email: kvm.suresh@gmail.com) : Finding the most favorable orientation of a part using stability method. Mfg Technol Today 2014, 13(2), 23-6.

During the recent years, manufacturing industries have been functioning under the globally competitive environment. Hence these industries are required to enhance their performance to offer world class quality products and services in a shorter time period. Part feeder is used in automated assembly lines to segregate and orient parts prior to packing. Linear Feeders are specially designed as an alternative to vibratory bowl feeders and involve horizontal conveying of components. Obtaining a particular orientation of a part in assembly station is a tedious task in a shorter lead time. To overcome this problem, part feeding system is used to segregate and orient parts prior to assembly. Before designing the part feeders, the most favorable orientation of part should be identified. The most favorable orientation of part is found using stability method. In this work, the most favorable orientation of a typical asymmetric component, brake pad, is identified.

6 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

001858   Sun X;Lu G;Fan S (National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Sal, East China Univ of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P.R. China, Email: gmlu@ecust.edu.cn) : Influences of processing parameters on Mg-Sr alloy prepared by molten stalt electrolysis. Asian J Chem 2015, 27(1), 139-44.

In order to solve the problems in Mg-Sr alloy prepared by direct reaction method, such as oxidation loss, high energy consumption and low electrolytic current efficiency of only strontium, Mg-Sr alloy was prepared by molten salt electrolysis with MgCl₂-SrCl₂-KCl molten salt. The influences on the electrolytic efficiency and Sr content produced by electrolytic temperature, current intensity and electrolytic time and MgCl2 concentration were studied. The results show that Mg-Sr alloy was feasible at the temperature of 700°C with 8A/cm^{2 cathodic current density, 10% MgCl₂ concentration, 73% SrCl₂ concentration and Sr content is 35%. The current efficiency of electrolytic process reached 85% which was much higher than that of only strontium electrolytic preparation. When the Sr proportion of cathode precipitated Mg-Sr alloy increased gradually to about 45%, the Mg-Sr alloying ability weakened, the Sr loss ratio became larger and the current efficiency reduced.}

13 illus, 16 ref