023020   Moawed M;El-Maghlany W;Ali R K;Hamed M (Mechanical Eng. Dep, Shoubra Faculty of Engineering, Benha Univ, Cairo, Egypt, Email: eng.hvac@gmail.com) : Forced convection heat transfer inside tube for non-newtonian fluid flow utilizing nanofluid. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2014, 3(4), 889-98.

The convective heat transfer effect on the non-Newtonian nanofluid flow in the horizontal tube with Constant heat flux was investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). For this purpose, non-Newtonian nanofluid containing Au and blood solution as a liquid with six particle concentrations of 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 wt. % were used. Effect of particle concentration of Au-blood solution on convective heat transfer coefficient was investigated in different Reynolds numbers (4000 to 16000) for various tube diameters. The results showed that heat transfer coefficient and Nu number of non-Newtonian nanofluid increased with increasing concentration of Au Nano particles. By applying the modeling results, an equation was obtained for Nusselt number prediction using the dimensionless numbers.

5 illus, 12 ref

023019   Maruthachalam D;Rajeswari S; StephanIruthayaraj A (Civil Engineering Dep, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, Email: dmaruthachalam@gmail.com) : Experimental investigation on bagasse ash as an eco-friendly building material. J Ind Pollut Control 2014, 30(1), 147-52.

An experimental investigation has been carried out to study the behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams under Flexure using Bagasse Ash as partial replacement of cement by 10%, 20% and 30%. The mix was designed based on ACI method to obtain a concrete grade of M30. The mechanical properties of the mixes were tested using auxiliary specimens by maintaining the Water Binder ratio at 0.50. Test results of the auxiliary specimens indicate that concrete containing Bagasse Ash to the extent of 10% and 20% shows better strength characteristics when compared to the concrete with 30%. Test results indicated that the specimen with 20% replacement of cement by Bagasse Ash has better ultimate load carrying capacity and durability. Thus the beam specimens were cast for the optimized percentage of 20% replacement of cement with Bagasse ash and tested under two point loading. The performances of Bagasse ash beam were compared with the control beam based on the Load-Deflection, Moment- Rotation, Moment- Curvature and Ductility.

4 illus, 7 tables, 10 ref

023018   Lavanya S;Chenna Kesavaiah D (H&S Dep, Narayana Engineering & Technical Campus, Hayatnagar, R.R. Dist, Telangana, Email: lavanyaram83@gmail.com) : Magnetic field and radiation effects on MHD free convection heat and mass transfer flow through a porous medium with chemical reaction. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2014, 3(4), 850-68.

Effects of radiation exposure on human health; although a dose of just 25 rems causes some detectable changes in blood, doses to near 100 rems usually have no immediate harmful effects. Doses above 100 rems cause the first signs of radiation sickness including: nausea, vomiting, headache, some loss of white blood cells. An analysis of steady two - dimensional flow of a viscous incompressible electrically conducting fluid of magnetic field and radiating effects on free convection heat and mass transfer flow through porous medium with chemical reaction an inclined surface with constant suction velocity, constant heat and mass flux. The governing partial differential equations of the fluid flow are solved using perturbation technique. The expressions are obtained for velocity, temperature and concentration fields are derived and results for various parameters shown graphically and the skin friction coefficient, the rate of heat transfer are also derived. All numerical calculation carried out with respect to the air is chosen to be (Pr = 0.71) at 20°C.

16 illus, 4 tables, 20 ref

023017   Kulkarni V;Cholekar S;Sonawadekar H (Civil Engineering Dep, GIT, Lavel, Maharastra, Email: kulkarnibvinayak@gmail.com) : Effect of openings of shear wall in high rise buildings. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2014, 3(4), 776-81.

Buildings with cast-in-situ reinforced concrete shear walls are widespread in many earthquake-prone countries and regions, such as India. Reinforced Concrete buildings often have vertical plate-like RC walls called Shear Walls. Shear walls are vertical walls that are designed to receive lateral forces from diaphragms and transmit them to the ground. The buildings with shear walls improve the lateral load resistance. The shear walls with openings are provided for functional requirement. Therefore, in the present work, an analytical parametric study is done for high rise buildings with the shear walls with and without openings for different shapes such as, centrally core (Box type) and at four opposite corners (L-Shape). Dynamic analysis is carried out using STAAD Pro software. The Load combinations are considered as per IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002. The results in terms of lateral displacements and design base shear in shear walls with openings and without openings are compared for the different building models considered in this investigation. It is observed that L-type shear wall shows better performance than Box type shear wall. As number of openings increases base shear decreases and displacement increases with increase in number of openings.

7 illus, 4 tables, 5 ref

023016   Krishna V;Jose J;Suri N N R R (NO, Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, DRDO Complex, C V Raman Nagar, Bangalore-560 093, Email: varunkrishan@cair.drdo.in) : Design and development of a web-enabled data mining system employing JEE technologies. Sadhana 2014, 39(6), 1259-70.

With the advent of cost effective storage systems and high speed network connectivity, the amount of data gathered by various transactional systems has increased manifold and processing the same has become a real challenge. A number of data mining systems have been developed for processing such huge data in a meaningful way. Most of these systems are stand-alone in nature except a few of them that facilitate a subset of their overall functionality for web-based usage. This is mainly due to the challenges involved in designing the architectural framework required for developing a web-enabled data mining system. Such a system is aimed at analysing the transactional data pertaining to various input domains employing some advanced graph mining techniques like subgraph matching, frequent subgraph discovery and graph visualization. In this paper, we present an innovative approach employing various Java Enterprise Edition (JEE) based technologies for developing a data mining system that operates in the web environment. This paper basically presents the architectural principles required to design a suitable framework for enabling the development of such a system and the implementation challenges faced in realising the same. The paper also discusses functional details of the system involving various graph mining techniques. A few general guidelines based on our understanding during the system implementation are also included in this paper for completeness.

4 illus, 33 ref

023015   Krishna Mohan B;Porwal A (Centre of Studies in Resources Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Bombay), Mumbai-400 076, Email: bkmohan@csre.iitb.ac.in) : Hyperspectral image processing and analysis. Curr Sci 2015, 108(5), 833-41.

Hyperspectral data pose challenges to image interpretation, because of the need for calibration, redundancy in information, and high data volume due to large dimensionality of the feature space. In this article, a general framework is presented for working with hyperspectral imagery, including removal of atmospheric effects, imaging spectroscopy, dimensionality reduction and classification of imagery. The phenomenon of mixture modelling is briefly discussed, followed by a recent development in mapping the classes at sub-pixel level based on the principle of super-resolution.

9 illus, 4 tables, 29 ref

023014   Kopparapu S K;Saxena V (NO, TCS Innovation Labs, Tata Consultancy Services, Yantra Park, Thane (West), Maharastra-400 601, Email: sunilkumar.kopparapu@tcs.com) : Identifying the best market to sell: a cost function formulation. Sadhana 2014, 39(6), 1409-23.

One of the main objectives of a farmer is to sell his final agricultural produce so as to maximize his profits. While he has several options, in terms of the markets where he can sell his produce, he is faced with a dilemma of identifying a market where he should sell his produce. There are several factors, like (a) the distance of the market from the farmers location, (b) the type of produce, (c) the transportation cost, (d) the time taken to transport, that determine and influence the choice of market to sell. The main contributions of this paper include (a) the formulation of an optimization problem to identifying the best where and when to sell and (b) demonstrating the usefulness of the formulation on real world data.

9 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref

023013   Khan H R;Siddiqui M A (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, Email: hameedur.rahmankhan@gmail.com) : Characterization of Al-Fe-Cr-Al₂O₃ composites with varying weight percentage of alumina fabricated through mechanical alloying. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2014, 3(4), 782-91.

Mechanical alloying involves cold welding, fracturing, and rewelding of powder particles in a ball mill. This method allows production of homogeneous metal matrix composites (MMC) starting from elemental powder mixtures. An attempt is made to synthesize Al-Fe-Cr-Al2O3 composites through mechanical alloying with varying (10%-30%) weight percentages of aluminium oxide reinforcement. Powders of Al, Fe, Cr and Al2O3 having average particle size of 48 m, 150 m, 100 m and 100 m respectively with all having purity = 99% are used. Ethanol (5 wt. %) has been used as a process control agent (PCA). Mechanical alloying is carried out in a conventional ball mill using stainless steel grinding medium at 115 rpm in the argon environment for 15h. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows the formation of a homogeneous phase for all compositions after milling time of 15 h. EDX is used to check the contamination of composites during their synthesis. Effect of varying percentages of alumina reinforcement is investigated on Al-Fe-Cr-Al₂O₃ composites. The diffraction patterns of X-Ray diffraction (XRD) reveal the influence of varying weight percentage of alumina. The data obtained shows 20 wt. % alumina yields the highest crystalline size refinement and also has the maximum lattice strain.

10 illus, 21 ref

023012   Kaphungkui N K (NO, , ECE Dep, Dibrugarh Univ, Email: pipizs.kaps@gmail.com) : Design of lower-power, high performance flip-flops. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2014, 3(4), 899-906.

In this paper, implementations of the flip-flops are presented which are level triggered and negative edge triggered using CMOS 180nm Technology. The gate sizes are optimized precisely for low delay propagation and low power dissipation without affecting the basic operation of the flip flops with a supply voltage of 1V. The designed D flip flop and SR flip flop dissipates power of 41.29nW and 24.9nW respectively whereas JK and T flip flops dissipates higher power of 6.51uW and 4.23uW which is because the number of MOS transistors increases for its implementation. There are three important factors in CMOS i.e the gate size area, power dissipation and speed of operation which always compromise between them when it is implemented in the field of IC circuit design. The main objective of this paper is to implement all the basic flip flops using CMOS transistors with voltage and Gate size scaling technique to reduce power dissipation without distorting the normal function of the basic flip flops. In any circuit design which is powered by a battery source, if the total power dissipation is low, the heat dissipation is also low which leads to more circuit reliability and durability without any circuit breakdown.

12 illus, 5 tables, 7 ref

023011   Kameswaran P K;Shaw S;Sibanda P (Mathematics Dep, National Institute of Science and Technology, Berhampur-761 008, Email: perikamesh@gmail.com) : Dual solutions of casson fluid flow over a stretching or shrinking sheet. Sadhana 2014, 39(6), 1573-83.

The stagnation-point flow of an incompressible non-Newtonian Casson fluid over a stretching sheet in the presence of Soret and Dufour effects is investigated. The resulting partial differential equations are reduced to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and solved using the Matlab bvp4c package. A comparison is made with the results available in the literature and found to be in good agreement. Dual solutions for the velocity, temperature, concentration and skin friction were obtained for some special cases when the stretching parameter is negative. The effect of the Casson parameter on the skin friction, heat transfer and mass transfer rates is discussed.

5 illus, 4 tables, 29 ref

023010   Iyer R;Borse R;Chaudhuri S (NO, Univ of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA, Email: rkiyer@u.washington.edu) : Embedding capacity estimation of reversible watermarking schemes. Sadhana 2014, 39(6), 1357-1385.

Estimation of the embedding capacity is an important problem specifically in reversible multi-pass watermarking and is required for analysis before any image can be watermarked. In this paper, we propose an efficient method for estimating the embedding capacity of a given cover image under multi-pass embedding, without actually embedding the watermark. We demonstrate this for a class of reversible watermarking schemes which operate on a disjoint group of pixels, specifically for pixel pairs. The proposed algorithm iteratively updates the co-occurrence matrix at every stage to estimate the multi-pass embedding capacity, and is much more efficient vis-a-vis actual watermarking. We also suggest an extremely efficient, pre-computable tree based implementation which is conceptually similar to the cooccurrence based method, but provides the estimates in a single iteration, requiring a complexity akin to that of single pass capacity estimation. We also provide upper bounds on the embedding capacity. We finally evaluate performance of our algorithms on recent watermarking algorithms.

7 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref

023009   Ibrahim M E;Joshua R M;Raji A;Hassan M A; Dingari S;Adegoke A (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Modibbo Adama Univ of Technology, P.M.B 2076, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria, Email: benulamaau@yahoo.com) : Use of locally fabricated torsion testing machine for the determination of shear modulus of rigidity of aluminium and copper. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2014, 3(4), 825-35.

In this work a manually operated torsion testing machine with a provision for alternate electric powering was designed and constructed for laboratory use in accordance with ASTM standard. During the performance evaluation of the machine, test piece of pure copper, pure aluminium and aluminium - 12% silicon alloy of varying diameters and gauge lengths were prepared and tested on the machine to obtain the value of shear modulus of rigidity (G) for each test piece. The average values obtained are 24.06, 24.92 and 33.42 GPa for aluminium, aluminium alloy and copper, respectively. In all cases, the test result for shear modulus of rigidity obtained using the fabricated torsion testing machine compared favourably well with those obtained when using standard imported torsion testers.

4 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

023008   Gopinath S;Ayashwarya R;Ramesh Kumar V;Prem P R;Murthy A R C;Madheswaran C K;Iyer R N (NO, NCSIR - Structural Engineering Research Centre, Taramani, Chennai-600 113, Email: smithag@serc.res.in) : Low velocity impact behaviour of ultra high strength concrete panels. Sadhana 2014, 39(6), 1497-507.

This paper presents the results of an investigation carried out on Ultra High Strength Concrete (UHSC) panels subjected to low velocity projectile impact to assess impact resistance. UHSC panel of size 350 x 350 mm and thickness 15 mm is studied under drop weight impact loading for three different pre-determined drop heights ranging from 100 mm to 300 mm. The response of UHSC panel in terms of acceleration vs time is obtained experimentally. Numerical model has been developed to simulate the impact behaviour of UHSC panel. The Brittle cracking model is used to simulate the behaviour of UHSC panel under impact loading and to perform parametric studies by varying the volume fraction of steel fibres.

10 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

023007   Goel A (Civil Engineering Dep, N.I.T., Kurukshetra-136 119, Email: drarun_goel@yahoo.co.in) : Neural network technique for prediction of discharge coefficient and discharge for a weir. J Indian Wat Resour Soc 2014, 34(2), 25-31.

Weirs are frequently used in irrigation, sewer networks and flood protection works for flow measurement, and flow control in the open channels. Sharp-crested weirs are the simplest form of over-flow spillways those are very commonly used to determine the flow rate in hydraulic laboratories, industry and irrigation systems, where accurate discharge measurements are must. This study aims to estimate coefficient of discharge and discharge of the sharp-crested triangular plan form weirs in the straight rectangular channel by using artificial neural network model. The performance of the feed forward back propagation neural networks is compared with linear regression model and non linear regression equation. Root mean square errors (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (R) are used for the evaluation of the models performance. A comparison of results indicated that the feed forward back propagation neural computing technique could be employed successfully in modeling coefficient of discharge and discharge for triangular form weirs.

3 illus, 5 tables, 28 ref

023006   Felekoglu B (Civil Engineering Dep, Dokuz Eylul Univ, Faculty of Engineering, Tinaztepe Campus, 35397 Buca, Izmir, Turkey, Email: burak.felekoglu@deu.edu.tr) : Rheological behaviour of self-compacting micro-concrete. Sadhana 2014, 39(6), 1471-95.

The rheological behaviour of Self-Compacting Micro-Concrete (SCMC) mixtures has been investigated within the scope of this paper. Rheological measurements have been performed using a novel rheometer equipped with a ball measuring system. Three SCMC mixtures with the same water/cement (W/C) ratios (0.44 by weight) and cement/limestone powder (1/1 by weight) with different High Range Water Reducing Admixtures (HRWRA) contents (1, 1.2 and 1.4% by weight of cement) have been tested. For comparison purpose, three conventional cement paste mixtures with varying W/C ratios (0.30, 0.325 and 0.35) were also prepared. Flow parameters such as yield value and plastic viscosity have been measured along with shear thickening or thinning behaviour. Furthermore, thixotropic behaviour of the various mixtures have been measured using hysteresis areas. Finally, advanced rheological properties of micro-concretes and cement pastes have been compared and discussed. While cement pastes investigated in this study possessed high yield values (34-217 Pa) and very low viscosities (5-19 Pa.s), comparatively high viscosities (17- 45 Pa.s) and low yield values (0-47 Pa) have been obtained from SCMCs. The high viscosity of micro-concretes improves the solid holding capacity of this composite. According to flow curve analysis, cement paste mixtures and SCMCs exhibited shear thinning and shear thickening characteristics, respectively.

16 illus, 3 tables, 49 ref

023005   Dgheim J;Abdallah M;Zakhia N;Nasr N (NO, Lebanese Univ Faculty of Sciences II LPA, Fanar, Beirut P.O. Box : 90656 Jdeideh, Lebanon, Email: jdgheim@ul.edu.lb) : Physical parameters effect on multicomponent hydrocarbon droplet evaporation. J Energy Heat Mass Transfer 2013, 35(1), 1-22.

This work simulates the heat and mass transfer of evaporated fuel droplets in liquid and vapor phases. The proposed model includes the vaporization of multicomponent fuel droplet in forced convection. The results show that the various components of different molecular weights will vaporize at different temperatures. The small molecular weights boil at low temperature whereas larger molecular weights boil at higher temperature.

11 illus, 1 table, 19 ref

023004   Chibuzo E A;Chima U J;Chike N I (Civil Engineering Dep, Federal Univ of Technology P.M.B 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria, Email: chytony4real09@yahoo.com) : Comparative analysis of Anambra state water supply and distribution scheme. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2014, 3(4), 836-49.

For decades, the provision of portable water supply in Awka,the capital city of Anambra State in Nigeria, has been the main socio-economic policy of the government. One of the main Constraints has been paucity of funds. In this study, Cost- benefit analysis of the city water supply project is done considering current and project water supply infrastructures. The result indicates benefits-cost ratios ranged from 3.62 to 3.8 benefits. Neverthless, when these very low benefit-cost ratios are considered alongside the Inconsistent and incomplete financial plans, It is clear that the proposed water supply project is not justified on an economic or financial basis. The study revealed that investment in the proposed water supply project would reduce governrnent expenditure by over a period of twenty five years.

1 illus, 13 tables, 8 ref

023003   Charde N (Mechanical Dep, Material and Manufacturing Engineering, The Univ of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, Email: nachi.charde@nottingham.edu.my) : Exploring the electrodes alignment and mushrooming effects on weld geometry of dissimilar steels during the spot welding process. Sadhana 2014, 39(6), 1563-72.

The class two of RWMA electrode caps has very common applicationpurpose for the welding of steels and withstand for high thermal application on wrought cast. It has been experimentally used to weld carbon and stainless steels up to 900 weld attempts using AC waveform, C-type JPC 75 kVA, Japanese made spot welder. So the electrode alignments and resulting mushrooming effects are finally analysed in this research as well as the weld geometry of dissimilar (carbon and stainless) steels. When considering such weld joints, the heat imbalances are very interesting factors on spot welding research and therefore I have simulated the dissimilar weld joints using Ansys 14. Initially, it was simulated and later those results are compared with real welded samples. The common welded regions such as: fusion zones, heat affected zones, heat extended zones and base metals are all well-noticed for carbon steel sides but not for stainless steel sides. Besides, the electrode mushrooming effect on both sides of electrodes are not parallel deterioration and it has some demerits on internal structure indeed. Some of the dissimilar welded samples and electrode caps are eventually underwent metallurgical test to identify the improper alignment.

10 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

023002   Chandra Shekar S;Raghu Ram K (Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koneru Laxmaih Univ, Vijayawada, Email: chandueeehod@gmail.com) : Modeling and control of MPPT based grid connected wind-pv hybrid generation system. Curr Trends Technol Sci 2015, 4(1), 459-64.

When the power demand increases power failure also increases so the renewable energy can be used to provide constant loads. To convert the basic circuit equation of solar cell into simplified form a model is developed including the effects of changing solar irradiation and temperature. Maximum power ' point tracking control strategy is used to extract the maximum power output of photovoltaic power generation system. This paper reports the development of a computer simulation approach for evaluating the general performance of stand-alone wind / photovoltaic generating systems and also describes the solar-wind hybrid system for supplying electricity to power grid. The simulation results show the control performance and dynamic behavior of the hybrid wind-PV system.

18 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

023001   Bina Rani;Yadav R K;Singh U;Trivedy A;Pathak R K;Bagdodiya P;Maheswari R K (Engineering Chemistry & Environmental Engineering Dep, Poornima College of Engineering, Sitapura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, Email: drraazecoethics151260@gmail.com) : Scourage of nitrate toxicity: its clinical manifestations and remediation employing RO technology. J Ind Pollut Control 2014, 30(1), 97-108.

Groundwater pollution has become a drastic problem principally because of nature and wide spread use of modern chemicals viz. pesticides and fertilizers. Excessive application of fertilizers as well as organic wastes and sewage has been implicated in the nitrogen pollution of groundwater. Therefore, the issue of rising nitrate concentration in groundwater has become a subject of extensive research in India and Rajasthan in particular. In natural water, nitrate ((NO₃^{-) N is usually <60> 5 mg/L. In fact, additional amount of excess nitrate in groundwater arise due to the biological oxidation of organic nitrogenous substances of sewage, industrial and agricultural origin. Water containing excess nitrate, when is ingested, enters GIT, where by the microbial action in non-oxidizing conditions, get reduced to nitrite (NO₂-). In accordance with the UPSH drinking water standards, a limit of 10 mg/L for NO₃- and 0.1 mg/ L for NO₂- must be regularly monitored in water supplies as they are deemed to be potentially hazardous to infants <5months old (methamoglobinemia: BBS) the long-term hazard in adults relates to the reaction in the digestive system between NO₃- (<62>100 ppm) and in organic matters (amine and/or amides) resulting in the production of nitrosamines (carcinogens). Number of cases (human and livestock), suffering from gastric cancer have been observed. Reverse osmosis (RO) process has great potential in the purification of nitrate ion containing waters. Generally, the presence of particular substances may affect the removal of specific ions. The presence of di-hydrogen phosphate ions (DHP-ions) in the feed solution enhances the nitrate removal efficiency of the polyamide RO membrane. In this work, a Flmtec TW30, polyamide thin-film composite, RO membrane was used for nitrate removal through RO set up. The rejection of individual nitrate was found to be around 76 per cent. After addition of KH₂PO₄ to the feed containing nitrate ions the rejection was improved up to 84per cent. This high level of increment in rejection of nitrate ion indicates the possible usage of KH₂PO₄ in RO for nitrate removal. This fact of removal is due to the potassium ions binding to the electronic lone-pairs of polyamide membrane holds di-hydrogen phosphate ions. This establishes a negative layer on the surface of the membrane. The diffusion of nitrate through the membrane is diminished by the formed layer. Present manuscript delineates clinical manifestations of nitrate toxicity and mitigation of nitrate ion by means of state-of-the-art reverse osmosis technology.}

7 illus, 33 ref

023000   Andalib R;Majid M Z A;Keyvanfar A; Talaiekhozan A;Hussin M W;Shafaghat A;Zin R M;Lee C T;Fulazzaky M A; Ismail H H (Civil Engineering, Construction Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia, Email: raminandalib@yahoo.com) : Durability improvement assessment in different high strength bacterial structural concrete grades against different types of acids. Sadhana 2014, 39(6), 1509-22.

This paper provides an insight into a new biotechnological method based on calcite precipitation for achieving high strength bio-concrete durability. It is very clear that mineral precipitation has the potential to enhance construction material resistance towards degradation procedures. The appropriate microbial cell concentration (30 * 10^{5 cells/ml) was introduced onto different structural concrete grades (40, 45 and 50 MPa) by mixing water. In order to study the durability of structural concrete against aggressive agents, specimens were immersed in different types of acids solution (5% H₂SO₄ and HCl) to compare their effects on 60th, 90th and 120th day. In general, sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid are known to be the most aggressive natural threats from industrial waters which can penetrate concrete to transfer the soluble calcium salts away from the cement matrix. The experimental results demonstrated that bio-concrete has less weight and strength losses when compared to the ordinary Portland cement concrete without microorganism. It was also found that maximum compressive strength and weight loss occurred during H₂SO₄ acid immersion as compared to HCl immersion. The density and uniformity of bio-concrete were examined using ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test. Microstructure chemical analysis was also quantified by energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) to justify the durability improvement in bacterial concrete. It was observed that less sulphur and chloride were noticed in bacterial concrete against H₂SO₄ and HCl, respectively in comparison to the ordinary Portland cement concrete due to calcite deposition.}

12 illus, 7 tables, 38 ref

022999   Alwarappan S;Pillai V K (NO, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi-630 006, Email: salwarap@gmail.com) : Recent advances in the development of low-dimensional materials for electrochemical applications: CECRI, Karaikudi. Curr Sci 2015, 108(5), 789-91.

Low-dimensional nanomaterials with exciting novel properties and magical performance is a rapidly growing research field that is truly multidisciplinary. A great deal of research efforts has been dedicated in the past two decades towards the preparation and characterization of these low-dimensional nanomaterials. The literature blossomed on nanomaterials already indicated about the origin of novel properties with size. However, it is equally important to know how the properties of materials and their function vary with their dimension without any size effects? To unravel this interesting question, researchers at CSIR-CECRI were working towards the development of low-dimensional materials such as 1-D and 2-D nanomaterials and study their interesting properties with special emphasis on electrochemical applications. Recent research findings from our institute suggest that the tunable properties of these low-dimensional materials are attractive for a variety of applications such as energy storage, sensing, catalysis and in optoelectronics.

1 illus, 4 ref

022998   Akinwumi I I;Diwa D;Obianigwe N (Civil Engineering Dep, Covenant Univ, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria, Email: isaac.akinwumi@covenantuniversity.edu.ng) : Effects of crude oil contamination on the index properties, strength and permeability of lateritic clay. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2014, 3(4), 816-24.

Crude oil spills have become regular in some communities where oil exploration activities are being carried out. This has impacted negatively on the environment, such as soil contamination. The aim of this experimental investigation is to contaminate a lateritic clay soil with crude oil and determine the effects of such contamination on the plasticity, strength and permeability of the soil. The soil was contaminated by adding varying percentages of crude oil to the soil. Specific gravity, Atterberg limits, compaction, California bearing ratio (CBR) and permeability tests were conducted on the uncontaminated and contaminated soil samples. The liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index of the soil increased as its crude oil content increased. The specific gravity, optimum moisture content, maximum dry unit weight, CBR and permeability of the soil decreased as its crude oil content increased. The crude oil contaminated soil requires stabilization or remediation before using it as a construction material.

8 illus, 1 table, 24 ref

022997   Ajay Kumar K;Thapa N;Kuriakose S A (NO, Sensor Development Area, Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad-380 015, Email: ajaykumar@sac.isro.gov.in) : Advances in spaceborne hyperspectral imaging systems. Curr Sci 2015, 108(5), 826-32.

Here authors discuss hyperspectral imaging techniques and present an overview of a number of systems that have been developed by various space agencies. We also present the evolution of these systems and the progress made by the Indian space programme in this field.

13 illus, 1 table, 17 ref

022996   Agrawal D;Karar V;Kapur P;Singh G S (Advanced Instrumentation Engineering, Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Chennai) : Multispectral image fusion for enhancing situation awareness. IETE Tech Rev 2014, 31(6), 463-70.

The human inability to see clearly in dark/night times has been a research challenge for many decades. Night vision equipment have been extensively used in the defence sector for carrying out hassle-free operation in low visibility or dark operating conditions, but with a limitation that they are essentially monochrome (green/grey) in colour. The comprehension ability using such images is reduced and results in poor situation awareness (SA). Fusion of multispectral images has therefore been seen as a solution to the problem. Various researchers have come up with different ideologies/algorithms over the time. In this paper, the focus is to discuss about techniques developed in recent past with a vision to explore best upcoming multispectral image fusion solutions for combining visible and infrared images, which could lead to a better target detection/recognition and SA.

^iia2 illus, 30 ref

022995   Abdualdaim A;AL-Khulaidi A;Jianping W (USTB Community College, Univ of Science & Technology, Beijing, China, Email: omair2009@yahoo.com) : Peak-to-average power ratio reduction techniques in OFDM system. Curr Trends Technol Sci 2015, 4(1), 465-71.

According to the demand of advance communication field there should be high data rate in addition to both power efficiency and lower bit error rate. This demand of high data rate fulfilled by the single carrier modulation with compromising the trade-off between the power efficiency and bit error rate. Again, in the presence of frequency selective fading environment, it is very difficult to achieve high data rate for this single carrier modulation with a lower bit error rate performance. With considering an advance step towards the multi carrier modulation scheme it is possible to get high data rate in this multipath fading channel without degrading the BER performance. To achieve better performance using multi carrier modulation we should make the subcarriers to be orthogonal to each other known as the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technique. However, the great disadvantage of the OFDM technique is its high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). As we are using the linear power amplifier at the transmitter side so it's operating point will go to the saturation region due to the high PAPR which leads to in-band distortion and out-band radiation. This can be avoided with increasing the dynamic range of power amplifier, which leads to high cost, and high consumption of power at the base station. This paper presents an efficient technique proposed AMR selective mapping, which is a combination of two kind of scheme, the implementation method of the Improved SLM OFDM system and Modified SLM scheme with low complexity, which reduces the PAPR. In addition, the analysis of bit error rate performance and the computational complexity for this technique are being discussed here.

4 illus, 12 ref

022211   Yahoo F (Electrical Engineering Dep, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran) : To have a good fitting based on facial features, there are a lot of problems that need to be solved. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(10), 1-2.

Estimation has shown that after the SNR correction, the SNR does show an improvement, but only around 0.7 dB. This suggests that a more complicate model, like the one could be better for modeling illumination. It has been found that, when solving to estimate the SNR direction vector, the result is not stable. Even when using only imposed SNR vector there will still appear some strange result. This is mainly due to the reason that the matrix in is of ill-condition.

5 ref

022210   Wang T;Yang C;Yan X;Ma H;Shi X;Daemen J J K (State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Email: chyang@whrsm.ac.cn) : Equivalent permeability model for sealing evaluation of natural gas storage cavern in bedded rock salt. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 723-9.

An equivalent permeability model (EPM) is presented to calculate the equivalent permeability of non-salt layers, which makes the sealing evaluation of bedded salt cavern natural gas storage by numerical simulation easy and sufficient. In the numerical simulations, the effects of non-salt layer property parameters, i.e. horizontal permeability, vertical permeability and dip angle on the sealing of bedded salt cavern natural gas storage can be expressed by a single parameter, the equivalent permeability. We have studied the influence of non-salt dip angle, permeability anisotropy, permeability, buried depth, gas pressure, etc. on the time that it takes for the natural gas to migrate to the ground surface through the non-salt layer formation. The examples show that the EPM is precise and correct, and can meet the actual engineering demands, which includes fewer parameters, and it is implemented easily in numerical simulations. The time needed for natural gas to migrate to the surface is proportional to the increase in anisotropyof per-meability and buried depth, but inversely proportional to the increase of non-salt layer dip angle, permeability and internal pressure. The permeability and the dip angle of non-salt layers are the key factors to be considered when analyzing the sealing of bedded salt cavern natural gas storage.

8 illus, 18 ref

022209   Vysotskii V I;Kornilova A A (NO, Kiev National Shevchenko University, Faculty of Radiophysics, Electron, 01601, Vladimirskaya Str. 64, Kiev, Ukraine, Email: vivysotskii@gmail.com) : Microbial transmutation of Cs-137 and LENR in growing biological systems. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 636-40.

This article presents the results of long-term investigations of stable and radioactive isotopes transmutation in growing microbiological cultures. It is shown that transmutation during growth of microbiological associations is 20 times more effective than the same process in the form of `clean' microbiological culture. In this work, the process of controlled decontamination of highly active reactor isotopes (reactor waste) through the process of growing microbiological associations has been studied. The most rapidly increasing decay rate of Cs^{137 isotope, which occurred with the 'effective' half life τ * ≈ 310 days (involving an increase in rate and decrease in half life by a factor of 35) was observed in the presence of Ca salt in closed flask with active water containing Cs137 solution and optimal microbiological association.}

4 illus, 17 ref

022208   Virulkar V B;Aware M V (NO, Government College of Engineering, Amravati, Amravati, Email: vbvirulkar@yahpp.com) : Flicker detection, measurement and means of mitigation. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2014, 95(2), 149-62.

The voltage fluctuations caused by rapid industrial load change have been a major concern for supply utilities, regulatory agencies and customers. This paper gives a general review about how to examine/assess voltage flicker and methods followed in measuring the flickers due to rapid changing loads and means for its mitigation. It discusses the effects on utilities conditions, compensators response time and compensator capacity of flicker mitigation. A comparison between conventional mitigation techniques and the state-of-art mitigation techniques are carried out. It is shown in many cases that the state-of-art solution provides higher performance compared with conventional mitigation techniques. However, the choice of most suitable solution depends on characteristics of the supply at the point of connection, the requirement of the load and economics.

19 illus, 3 tables, 89 ref

022207   Verner G;Swartz M;Hagelstein P (JET Energy, , Inc. Wellesley, MA 02481, USA, Email: mica@theworld.com) : Summary report: `Introduction to Cold Fusion' - IAP course at the massachusetts institute of technology, USA. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 653-4.

For three years running now, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA, has offered the introductory cold fusion course during its Independent Activities Period (IAP), designed for students to engage in topics outside-of-the-normal-curriculum; enrollment is open with permission from the instructor, and there is no advance registration required. IAP at MIT, for those not familiar with it, is a special fourweek programme where students can choose from a vast array of non-credit and for-credit short coursework offered only during January of each year. CF- 101 is a non-sign up, non-credit introductory course, open to MIT and non-MIT students alike, as well as the public. Peter Hagelstein, Professor of electrical engineering at MIT has been teaching the course with Mitchell Swartz, from JET Energy, Inc. In some years the CF/IAP classes extended over two weeks; at other times over several days.

022206   Vasanthi K;Rajalakshmi B (ECE Dep, G.K.M. College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu) : RFID tag antenna design. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(5), 62-5.

This paper presents the design of multiband RFID Tag antenna. One of the prevailing trends in modern wireless devices is continuing decrease in physical size of the antenna. So the design challenge is getting the small size antenna that has a good efficiency and radiation. The use of fractal patterns in antenna design provides the simple and efficient method for obtaining the desired compactness and multiband operation. Several properties of the proposed antenna for multiband operation will be investigated which include the return loss, radiation pattern and gain by using the Software HFSS (High Frequency Structural Simulator).

9 illus, 1 table, 7 ref

022205   Varghese S;Nagendran G (Marine and Coastal Survey Div, Geological Survey of India, , Salt Lake, Kolkata-700 091, Email: saajuvarghese@gmail.com) : Morphometric analysis of Barren volcanic base and associated tectonic elements in the Andaman fore-arc sub-basin. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 694-9.

Although many studies have been undertaken on the Barren Island, the undersea configuration of the BarrenIsland Volcano (BIV) and associated morphotectonic elements, the modification imparted on them by the recent flows and the morphology of these flows are still poorly known. The present study identified thick lava flows along the western and southwestern slopes of Barren Island, extending up to the base of the Invisible Bank. The feeding locales for these thick flows are numerous parasitic cones picked up in the 3D grid model generated by the multibeam echo sounder. Morphology of the Barren volcanic base is largely modified by recent eruptions as they not only reduced the steepness of the Barren Volcano along the western slope, but also extended the base of the Barren Volcano to the base of the Invisible Bank. Further-more, the present study also brought out other morphotectonic elements surrounding the BIV, viz. Alcock seamount towards the southeast, Invisible Bank flanked by west Andaman Fault in the west and a newly identified submarine volcanic mount as part of the Andaman Colcanic Arc towards the south.

5 illus, 11 ref

022204   Valat M;Hunt R;Greenyer B (Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project, , St GeniŠs de MalgoirŠs, 30190, France, Email: mathieu.valat@gmail.com) : Martin fleischmann memorial project status review. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 614-18.

Two years have passed since the Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project started developing and operating experiments openly on the Internet. This article recaps the results which the project has been able to nail down so far. Two main aspects of the research were conducted in multiple laboratories - the first one was the replication of the experiments conducted by Francesco Celani on his sub-micrometric featured constantan wires, and the second one dealt with nickel nanopowders inspired by the work of Brian Ahern. Both systems are hydrogen gas in heated environment above Curie temperature.

6 illus, 1 table, 4 ref

022203   VachhaniK K;Mishra C B (Transportation System Engineering, BVM Engineering College, V V Nagar, Anand) : Surveying the impact of VG-10 bitumen with & without additive on short term transient maturing. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(12), 63-7.

With the quickly extending Indian road transportation foundation, the road system is experiencing a testing advancement. The adaptable asphalts, which have bituminous layers in top, are more favored in India as these are less extravagant with respect to both beginning and support costs. But the exponential increment in activity, over-burdening of business vehicles and huge varieties in every day and occasional temperatures have demonstrated a few constraints of customary bitumen execution. This requires the interest of changing the property of bitumens with utilization of compound added substances so as to give more durability to asphalt under extreme climatic conditions. In the present study, an endeavor is made to study the precise orderly examination of the properties of VG 10 evaluation bitumen with and without utilizing ethylene vinyl acetate (2%,3% and 4%) and reactive ethylene ter polymer (Elvaloyr 4170) in suitable measurements of 1.5%, 1.8% and 2% by weight of bitumen. To center the effect of high temperature (163°C) and air on developing, proliferation or is finished in the exploration office in the research facility utilizing thin film oven test for reenactment of transient maturing.

2 illus, 13 ref

022202   Udayakumar G;Mayya S G (Civil Engineering Dep, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte, Karnatak, Email: kudayg6@gmail.com) : Semi impervious subsurface barrier for water conservation in lateritic formations. J Instn Engrs : Ser A 2014, 95(3), 151-6.

coastal districts of Karnataka in west coast of India experience acute shortage of drinking water during dry season in spite of heavy monsoon rains. Though sufficient recharge of ground water takes place, depletion of water table is very quick, once the rain recedes. It is mainly attributed to the presence of porous and highly permeable laterites and lateritic soils. The hydraulic conductivity of these soils varies in the range of 10^{-4 to 10-5 cm/s. The conventional water harvesting methods fail to solve the problem. It is necessary to explore innovative method to regulate the lateral subsurface flow and maintain a high water table over a prolonged period of time. The present work is an attempt to explore the possibility of using semi impervious Subsurface Barrier (SSB) to regulate and control the lateral flow of water in the unconfined aquifer in lateritic formations. Appropriate barrier material is arrived at using the locally available soil and the required properties are established. A SSB is built in a suitable location in an identified microwatershed using lateritic soil and the composite soil prepared by mixing requisite percentage of lateritic soil and clay. The hydraulic conductivity of these soils is maintained in the range of 10-6 to 10-7 cm/s so as to behave as semi impervious. The performance analysis is carried out by observing water levels in selected open observation wells before and after the construction of the barrier. The results have shown the successful performance of SSB in maintaining a high water table over a prolonged period of time during summer months, both in u/s and d/s of the barrier.}

3 illus, 3 tables, 5 ref

022201   Tripathi K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Shri G.S. Institute of Technology & Science, 23, Park Road, Indore-452 003, Email: kart_trip@yahoo.co.uk) : Some design-objectives and design-guidelines for automotive friction clutch based on clutch engagement dynamics. J Instn Engrs : Ser C 2014, 95(1), 51-61.

Dynamics of the driveline and the vehicle during clutch engagement is a complex phenomenon. Time domain analysis of different state variables is performed through numerical solution of sixth-order driveline model using an indigenous computer program. The study revealed that different design objectives like driver and passenger comfort, smoothness of engagement, wear of friction surfaces, power loss, and heat generation are in mutual conflict, with respect to the sub-ranges of operational parameters. The overall outcome of this study is presented in the form of a matrix, relating the sub-ranges of operational parameters with engagement quality parameters, which may be used as a guideline for clutch design for different design objectives. The engagement quality parameters may also be used for building a cost function for overall optimization of clutch.

10 illus, 8 tables, 13 ref

022200   Tiwari S K;Ashwani Kumar;Singh D (NO, , ) : Effect of fly ash on the damping behaviour of glass fiber reinforced composite. J expl appl Mech 2014, 5(2), 14-8.

Composite materials are advanced materials which have wide range of application in engineering field due to its numerous advantages. High strength to weight ratio is of utmost demand of major industries such as automobile and aerospace, which a composite material can easily cater. One of the most common methods is reinforcing hard phase materials into the polymer matrix. This improves the strength but also increases the cost of the composite. Therefore, inexpensive reinforcements or fillers are identified and used. In this paper the effects of fly ash as filler are investigated to improve the damping properties of polymer composite on a cantilever beams made up of glass fibers. Fabrication of filler filled composites for different concentration of fillers (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 wt.%) with the matrix (Lapox C-51 resin) is done by using hand layup process. This paper presents the experimental study on damping characteristics of free vibration. Results show that the composite with 15% of filler by wt. has the highest damping of composites.

022199   Teli M;Dash S;Desai P (Fibres and Textile Processing Technology Dep, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai- 400 019, Email: mdt9pub@gmail.com) : Polyaniline based conductive textiles. J Instn Engrs : Ser E 2014, 95(2), 75-9.

The conductive polymers were mixed with binder and coated on cotton, polyester and wool fabric, keeping conductive polymer concentration at 5 %. Conductive woven fabrics were obtained by pad-dry-cure coating technique. The surface and bulk conductivity behaviour of the coating paste with respect to temperature were studied using four probe and two probe technique. The conductivity studies show that the coated fabrics have good electrical conductivity in the range of 33.2 μS/cm-3281 μS/cm and there was an increase in conductivity with rise in temperature.

1 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

022198   Tandon R;Singh A;Khanna S (EC MIT Dep, , Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh) : Ambient backscatter- harvesting power out of thin air. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(3), 10-5.

As computing devices become smaller and more numerous, powering them becomes more difficult; wires are often not feasible, and batteries add weight, bulk, cost, and require recharging/replacement that is impractical at large scales. Ambient backscatter communication solves this problem by leveraging existing TV and cellular transmissions, rather than generating their own radio waves. This novel technique enables ubiquitous communication where devices can communicate among themselves at unprecedented scales and in locations that were previously inaccessible. Ambient Backscatter transforms existing wireless signals into both a source of power and a communication medium. It enables two battery-free devices to communicate by backscattering existing wireless signals. Backscatter communication is orders of magnitude more power-efficient than traditional radio communication. Further, since it leverages the ambient RF signals that are already around us, it does not require a dedicated power infrastructure as in RFID.

6 illus, 40 ref

022197   Tandon A;Vajpai A;Mishra A N;Keseri S (Mechatronics Engineering Dep, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Email: m.reza.vafaei@gmail.com) : Design and modelling of a magneto rheological fluid based clutch system. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2014, 3(3), 586-93.

Mechanical clutch systems are often faced with problems of Slippage, Wear and Tear of the Clutch Plate, Loss of power, overloading and clutch noise. Magneto rheological (MR) fluids are materials that respond to an applied magnetic field with a change in rheological behavior. Typically, this change is manifested by the development of a yield stress that increases proportionally with applied field. A magneto rheological fluid based Clutch System overcomes all of the problems encountered by a Mechanical clutch due to fast response times and the ability to withstand high shear stresses. In the MR Fluid Clutch System, the MR fluid is introduced between moving parts and a magnetic field is applied which changes the viscosity of the MR fluid. When the clutch is engaged, this causes the viscosity of the MRF to increase, thus locking the driveshaft into place with the flywheel of the engine. When the clutch is disengaged, the viscosity decreases allowing a smooth gear shift and complete disengagement of the flywheel from the gearbox. Such an application causes no wear and tear, reduces slippage to zero, completely reduces noise and power loss and allows for an electronic control over the Clutch system.

10 illus, 4 ref

022196   Swartz M R;Verner M;Tolleson J W;Hagelstein P L (JET Energy, Inc., , Wellesley, MA 02481, USA, Email: mica@theworld.com) : Dry, preloaded NANOR<. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 595-600.

Dry, preloaded NANOR^® -type technology makes LANR reactions more accessible. These self-contained, twoterminal nanocomposite ZrO₂-PdNiD CF/LANR components have at their core ZrO₂-PdD nanostructured material. The excess energy gain compared to driving input energy is up to 20 times the input; characterized by reasonable reproducibility and controllability. The CF/LANR/CF activation is separated from its loading. Although small in size, the LANR excess power density is more than 19,500 W/kg of nanostructured material, with zero carbon footprint.

illus, table, ref

022195   Srinivasan M (Formerly at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, , Trombay, Mumbai-400 085, Email: chino37@gmail.com) : Introduction to isotopic shifts and transmutations observed in LENR experiments. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 624-7.

This article presents a brief introduction to the topic of transmutation reactions which occur in a variety of LENR configurations wherein the `host metal' nuclei (Pd, Ni, Ti, etc.) interact with the loaded deuterium or hydrogen nuclei, resulting in the formation of new stable elements or isotopes not present in the system prior to the experimental run.

4 illus, 9 ref

022194   Srinivasan M (Formerly at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, , Trombay, Mumbai-400 085, Email: chino37@gmail.com) : Observation of neutrons and tritium in the early BARC cold fusion experiments. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 619-23.

Soon after the Fleischmann-Pons announcement of 1989, a number of groups at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai independently set up experiments to confirm if nuclear products such as neutrons and tritium are generated when samples of Pd and Ti metal are loaded with deuterium, using both electrolytic as well as gas/plasma-based loading techniques. Twelve independent research groups involving about 50 scientists were engaged in this massive effort during 1989-95, before institutional support for research on this topic was withdrawn, emulating global trends. This article briefly summarizes the results obtained during those early BARC studies.

7 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

022193   Sorate R R;Kharat A G;Shivshette M;Desai A; Nandgude M;Ekal P;Sontakke P (Civil Dep, Sinhagd Academy of Engineering, Saitribai Phule Pune University, Maharashtra) : Geopathic Stress: Parameter for the Occurrence of Accidents. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(5), 1-4.

In the built environment, energy emitted from the earth at specific locations which is produced due to friction between underground flowing water and earth material is termed as Geopathic Stress. It is type of environmental pollution which is harmful to sustainable development of built environment. Built environment consist of houses, roads, footpath, shops, etc. Geopathic Stress was detected by using ancient techniques like dowsing. The confirmation of such zones which are Geopathically stressed is done by using modern techniques like NAAV meter (Light Interference Technique). Mumabi- Pune Expressway has witnessed large number of accidents in recent past. In this paper the relation between occurrences of accidents with presence of geopathic stress on road environment of Munbai- Pune Expressway is established.

1 illus, 12 ref

022192   Soltani F;Koleini S M J;Abdollahy M (Mineral Processing Dep, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, Email: minereng2005@gmail.com) : Optimization of Cu-Zn massive sulphide flotation by selective reagents. J Instn Engrs : Ser D 2014, 95(2), 125-34.

Selective floatation of base metal sulphide minerals can be achieved by using selective reagents. Sequential floatation of chalcopyrite-sphalerite from Taknar (Iran) massive sulphide ore with 3.5 % Zn and 1.26 % Cu was studied. D-optimal design of response surface methodology was used. Four mixed collector types (Aer238 + SIPX, Aero3477 + SIPX, TC1000 + SIPX and X231 + SIPX), two depressant systems (CuCN-ZnSO₄ and dextrin-ZnSO₄), pH and ZnSO₄ dosage were considered as operational factors in the first stage of flotation. Different conditions of pH, CuSO₄ dosage and SIPX dosage were studied for sphalerite flotation from first stage tailings. Aero238 + SIPX induced better selectivity for chalcopyrite against pyrite and sphalerite. Dextrin-ZnSO₄ was as effective as CuCN-ZnSO₄ in sphalerite-pyrite depression. Under optimum conditions, Cu recovery, Zn recovery and pyrite content in Cu concentrate were 88.99, 33.49 and 1.34 % by using Aero238 + SIPX as mixed collector, CuCN-ZnSO₄ as depressant system, at ZnSO₄ dosage of 200 g/t and pH 10.54. When CuCN was used at the first stage, CuSO₄ consumption increased and Zn recovery decreased during the second stage. Maximum Zn recovery was 72.19 % by using 343.66 g/t of CuSO₄, 22.22 g/t of SIPX and pH 9.99 at the second stage.

6 illus, 8 tables, 24 ref

022191   Siraskar Y;Gajare Y (Civil Engineering Dep, Dr D Y Patil Schoolof Engineering & Technology, Knowledge City, Charoli (BK), Lohegaon, Pune-412 105) : Finite element investigations for the purpose of widening of an old arch masonry bridge located over National Highway No-17. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(11), 28-9.

This paper mainly deals with finite element investigations (to assess the widening of existing structure) for old masonry arch bridges. It has mainly two objectives first being to present salient features of the methodology of the plain strain finite element analysis of the bridge system. Second being is to demonstrate the application of the develop software a case history of an existing masonry arch bridge over national highway no-17 (Maharashtra State, India).

3 ref

022190   Sinsinwar T;Dwivedi P K (Institute of Engineering & Technology, , Alwar, Rajasthan) : Survey on feature extraction method and dimension reduction techniques in face recognition. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2014, 3(3), 734-40.

Face Recognition is one of the most successful and stimulating applications in the field of computer visualisation and pattern recognition. Usually there are two types of recognitions such as intrusive recognition means that the user conscious about the recognition i.e., palm print recognition; the users have to put their palm in the scanner, whereas face recognition is non-intrusive, without user cooperation, can able to recognize the person as authentic person or not. The applications of face recognition are time attendance system, visitor management system and access control system, etc. The face recognition system gives efficient performance under the controlled environment. But still we have unsolved problems in real time applications. The dimensionality reduction is a most significant task in the field of face recognition. In this paper, it proposed all the recent emerging techniques of feature extraction process in the dimensionality reduction.

2 illus, 31 ref

022189   Singhal R;Sharma O P (ECE Dep, Poornima College of Engineering, Jaipur, Rajasthan) : Bandwidth enhancement of hybrid tri-rect slotted microstrip patch antenna. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(5), 48-50.

In this paper a new hybrid tri-rect slotted microstrip patch antenna operating at 5.1 GHz is proposed. An aperture coupling technique is used to check the performance of proposed antenna. This antenna seems to be useful for C-band application. The proposed antenna is designed and simulated using Ansoft HFSS software.

9 illus, 13 ref

022188   Singh B;Sharma D;Rana R K (NO, Poornima University, Jaipur, Email: bhawani.ing@gmail.com) : Brief review in solar and wind power applications. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(5), 34-7.

There is increasing demand for the use of alternate or renewable energy sources to achieve clean and low-cost electricity. The potential for non-thermal onsite power generation also remains enormous in India with increasing investment in small-scale solar and wind power. Design & integration of renewable energy hybrid system also involves the process of selecting the best components and its sizing to provide cheap, efficient, reliable and cost effective renewable energy. Grid power availability is very poor and use of Diesel generator is very expensive due to its fuel and transportation cost as well as maintenance. This paper gives the design idea of optimized pv- solar and wind hybrid different applications. This paper presents a detailed reviews process adopted to study a scientific research papers. It explains five stage process followed for the review of 3 selected papers in the area of renewable energy system replacing Systems with Conventional Energy sources.

13 ref