022187   Sindhu B;Tharani M;Prabakaran S (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, Anna University/Idhaya Engineering College for Women, Chinnasalem, ) : Enhanced autonomous reconfiguration for wireless mesh networks. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(11), 14-22.

Link fa.i1ures are one of major issue in the networking area. Wireless mesh networks are concerned these provides larger coverage and high data rate information transfer. Even though they provide lot of benefits to the users and several high range applications they still suffer from the occurrences of the link failure. These link failures will occur due to some interferences, different obstacles etc. This paper presents an autonomous network reconfiguration system (ARS) that enables a multiradio WMN to autonomously recover from local link failures to preserve network performance. By this link failure the information transfer can be lost so the quality of communication cannot be achieved and also the performance of this Wireless Mesh Networks can low. So in order to recover from the link failures Autonomous Reconfiguration System is used. This algorithm provides Autonomous reconfiguration to the links by employing group formation technique. Even though this algorithm provides the recovery for the link failure it provides limitations such as higher delay, low throughout etc. In order to overcome the limitations of Autonomous Reconfiguration System (ARS) algorithm, a modified version of Enhanced Autonomous Reconfiguration (E-ARS) have been developed. This algorithm provides a different approach. So that the delays are made low, throughput is made higher and also several other parameters are also analysed comparing to the ARS. These overall process are shown and simulated using the software called Network Simulator -2 (NS-2).

6 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

022186   Shukul A K;Hansra S K (Engineering and Design, Tata Technologies Limited, Pune, Maharashtr, Email: anirudhkumarshukul@gmail.com) : Concept for a differential lock and traction control model in automobiles. J Instn Engrs : Ser C 2014, 95(1), 1-4.

The automobile is a complex integration of electronics and mechanical components. One of the major components is the differential which is limited due to its shortcomings. The paper proposes a concept of a cost effective differential lock and traction for passenger cars to sports utility vehicles alike, employing a parallel braking mechanism coming into action based on the relative speeds of the wheels driven by the differential. The paper highlights the employment of minimum number of components unlike the already existing systems. The system was designed numerically for the traction control and differential lock for the world's cheapest car. The paper manages to come up with all the system parameters and component costing making it a cost effective system.

6 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

022185   Shrigiri B M;Hebbal O D;ReddyK H C (JNT University, , Anantapur, Email: shrigiri2007@gmail.com) : Experimental investigation on low heat rejection engine fueled with cotton seed oil and its biodiesel. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(12), 58-62.

In the recent years, depletion of resources and increased environmental awareness are driving the researchers to develop viable alternative fuels from non conventional resources. The biodiesel has emerged as a most potential alternative substitute for diesel engine on account of its lesser emission. Crude oil derived from cotton seed has high viscosity, low volatility and low cetane number. The biodiesel is produced by transesterification process. Transesterification is a process commonly used to reduce the viscosity of edible and non edible vegetable oils. In the present study, cotton seed oil (CSO) a non edible vegetable oil is converted into cotton seed methyl esters (CSME) by transesterification process. The tests are conducted on a 5.2 kW, single cylinder, four stroke, direct injection, water cooled diesel engine for different loads viz 0%,10%,25%,50%, 75% and maximum load. The properties of cotton seed oil and its methyl esters are determined using standard equipments. The tests are conducted on the engine and combustion, einission and performance characteristics are determined. It is observed that Low Heat Rejection (LHR) fueled CSME performed better compared with LHR engine fueled with CSO and normal diesel engine(NDE).

8 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

022184   Shayestehfar M R;Nezhad T;Rezaei A;Mohammadi M R T (Mining Engineering Dep, Mine Exploration Group, Shahid Bahonar Kerman University, Kerman, Iran, Email: shayeste@uk.ac.ir) : Evaluation of the grade deviation of a concentrator plant feed using statistics and geostatistics methods: A case study in sarcheshmeh copper mine, Kerman, Iran. J Instn Engrs : Ser D 2014, 95(2), 183-88.

Grade deviation between the Run of Mine (ROM) and the Concentrator Plant Feed (CPF) has been debated from early days of Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex establishment in Kerman province, Iran. As the concentrator plant was designed to work optimally based on a specific input feed, it is essential to determine the errors in different sampling steps and also evaluate the grade deviation between ROM and CPF. By determining the allowance limit of effective parameters in the deviation variance and using them for daily production planning, it may be possible to reduce this deviation. In this research, a method was presented to determine the grade deviation of CPF using statistics and geostatistics methods in order to compare this deviation with predicted ROM deviation in each working round. For this purpose, on a particular day, 50,000 tons of ROM with a grade of 0.89 ± 0.05 was sent to the plant, and was compared with the CPF (42,855 tons) and its grade confidence limit (0.92 ± 0.04). This grade was found to be within the limits of the predicted grade (0.93 ± 0.06) and the operation grade (0.89 ± 0.05) at 95 % confidence limit. Based on evaluations conducted, to reduce grade deviation and increase the recovery, it was proposed that if within 100 consecutive days, 95 grade cases from the CPF were cited within the confidence limit of the ROM grade, from thence no sampling be performed from the CPF, and the ROM grade be considered in metallurgical calculations.

2 illus, 4 tables, 12 ref

022183   Sharma R;Singh J (PG Student, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, Punjab, Email: 555rakeshsharma@gmail.com) : Parametric optimization of MIG welding for MS 5986 Fe 410 using taguchi method. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2014, 3(3), 641-50.

The aim of this study is to investigate the optimization process parameters for Metal inert gas welding (MIG). In the present work, bead-on -plate welds were carried out on MS 5986 Fe 410 carbon steel sheets using Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process. In this present investigation ER70S-6 solid wire having 1.2 mm diameter was used as an electrode with direct current electrode positive polarity. A mixture of argon-carbon dioxide was employed for shielding purposes. The fusion zone is generally characterized by a few geometrical features namely bead width, bead height and depth of penetration. The shape of the fusion zone depends upon a number of parameters such as gas flow rate, voltage, travel speed and welding current. Taguchi Technique is applied to plan the experiments. The weld bead geometry plays an important role in determining the mechanical properties of a weld joint. Therefore, it is important to set up proper welding parameters to produce a good weld bead.

6 illus, 9 tables, 15 ref

022182   Sharma K;Sharma O P (ECE Dep, Poornima College of Engineering, Sitapur, Jaipur) : Analysis of stacked patch antenna with variation in couplers in Ultra Wide Band. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(11), 105-8.

A compact stack antenna consisting of square patch, loop couplers and inset feed line with a slot is proposed in this paper. The proposed design have a stacked patch antenna with an arrangement of two substrates separated by an air gape, A coupling is provided using square loop structure. A variation in coupler structure is done to make the antenna work at multiple frequencies in UWB range. The simulation result of this work with different resonator structure is presented and comparative analysis of these different arrangements is presented in this paper. Simulation is done using CST Microwave and the result obtained are suitable for ultra wide band application.

8 illus, 10 ref

022181   Shali V S;Freeda T H;Pillai N N (Basic Engineering Dep, Cape Polytechnic College, Aralvoimozhi, Tamilnadu) : Mechanical properties of TGSxP1-x single crystals. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(5), 8-10.

TGSx P1-x binary mixed crystals were grown from an aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique. The grown crystals were characterized structurally and chemically by taking XRD, EDAX, FTIR, density and Vicker's microhardness measurement. The XRD data shown that the mixed crystals belong to monoclinic structure. The composition of the mixed crystals was determined using the measured density. Vicker's hardness number was determined from the microhardness data. Work hardening coefficient and the Bulk modulus of all the grown crystals were determined from the hardness value. The work hardening coefficient values shown that all the mixed crystals belong to hard materials category.

2 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

022180   Shaikh M A J;Birajdar F (R & D cell, Groundwater Surveys and Development Agency, , Pune) : Anticipation of water scarcity impacted areas and duration: a case study of Osmanabad district, Maharashtra, India. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(3), 1-5.

Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available water resources to meet the demands of water usage within a region. The social and economic developmental activity is highly affected by the complex problem of water scarcity. The day by day increasing water demand aggravates the natural low water availability and makes water scarcity visible to all. Moreover, water shortage has a tendency of occurring recurrently, and the costs to social and economic system caused by it has been increasing during recent years. Groundwater level depletion and shortfall of rainfall are among the significant indicators of water scarcity. A lower than average rainfall imbalances the groundwater water availability. An attempts has been made to develop the relationship between the post monsoon groundwater level from 114 observation wells (2009-2014) and rainfall data (June 2014 - September 2014) by using weighted comprehensive analysis, to find out the water scarcity affected areas and duration of water scarcity in Osmanabad district. The water scarcity affected areas map with respect to duration has been prepared in GIS environment. The study indicates that the Osmanabad district of Maharashtra is one of the most prone areas of water scarcity where total 225 villages of Osmanabad district will have to face water scarcity in future. The water scarcity duration has been divided into 3 phases as October to December (Phase I), January to March (Phase II) and April to June (Phase III). The numbers of villages under the phase wise water scarcity difficulty are 125, 50 and 50 respectively. These challenges will require policies that promote water efficiency, as well as new partnerships that cross-disciplinary and professional boundary. This study can be expect to raise public awareness of water scarcity prone area and duration to improve emergency response capability to water shortage, mitigate the effects and losses caused by it, and active measures to fight with water scarcity.

3 illus, 6 tables, 5 ref

022179   Senthilnath J;Sindhu S;Omkar S N (Aerospace Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, Email: omkar@aero.iisc.ernet.in) : GPU-based normalized cuts for road extraction using satellite imagery. J Earth Syst Sci 2014, 123(8), 1759-69.

This paper presents a GPU implementation of normalized cuts for road extraction problem using panchromatic satellite imagery. The roads have been extracted in three stages namely pre-processing, image segmentation and post-processing. Initially, the image is pre-processed to improve the tolerance by reducing the clutter (that mostly represents the buildings, vegetation, and fallow regions). The road regions are then extracted using the normalized cuts algorithm. Normalized cuts algorithm is a graph-based partitioning approach whose focus lies in extracting the global impression (perceptual grouping) of an image rather than local features. For the segmented image, post-processing is carried out using morphological operations - erosion and dilation. Finally, the road extracted image is overlaid on the original image. Here, a GPGPU (General Purpose Graphical Processing Unit) approach has been adopted to implement the same algorithm on the GPU for fast processing. A performance comparison of this proposed GPU implementation of normalized cuts algorithm with the earlier algorithm (CPU implementation) is presented. From the results, we conclude that the computational improvement in terms of time as the size of image increases for the proposed GPU implementation of normalized cuts. Also, a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the segmentation results has been projected.

9 illus, 3 tables, 27 ref

022178   Sarkar K;Mukherjee S;Mukherjee S;Mitra M K (Metallurgical & Material Engineering Dep, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032, Email: kakaliece.nano@gmail.com) : Synthesis, characterization and studies on optical, dielectric and magnetic properties of undoped and cobalt doped nanocrystalline bismuth ferrite. J Instn Engrs : Ser D 2014, 95(2), 155-43.

Multiferroic perovskite nanocrystalline Bismuth ferrite (BFO) and Co doped Bismuth ferrite are synthesized by chemical route annealed at 500, 550 and 600°C. XRD studies revealed the phases formed during synthesis while crystallite size is calculated in the range of 15.4-55 nm by Scherrer's formula from the identified XRD major peaks. The FTIR spectra of undoped BFO sample synthesized at 500, 550 and 600°C exhibits clear presence of peaks at 554 cm^{-1 confirms the existence of Bi-O, Fe-O stretching and bending behavior of two different M-O co-ordination using Shimadzu-8400S Spectroscopy. The microstructure, lattice image and interplanar spacing are obtained by HRTEM analysis. The particle sizes are also measured from HRTEM while the chemistry is verified by energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) (Oxford Instruments, INCA). Dielectric properties are observed for both undoped and Co doped samples. The band gap energy is measured by UV-VIS characterization using Tauc equation. Magnetic measurements are carried out using Physical Properties Measurement systems.}

9 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref

022177   Santhanaraj M;Siddharthraju K;Dhivya Devi R; Prabahar S (Electronics and Communication Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore) : Alternative approach of low power multi bit flip-flops in integrated circuits. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(3), 133-9.

In modern VLSI designs, power consumed by clocking is one of the major issue. Hence, in this paper propose an algorithm for reducing the power consumption by replacing some flip-flops with fewer multi-bit flip-flops without affecting the performance of the original circuit. The flip-flop replacement leading to violation of timing and placement capacity constraints. Some techniques are proposed to avoid this problem. Manhattan distance and co-ordinate transformation used to identify those flip-flops that can be merged and their legal regions. Then, a combination table is built to enumerate all possible combinations. Finally, the flipflops are merged in hierarchical manner. According to the experimental results, our algorithm significantly reduces clock power by 20-30% and besides power reduction minimizing the total wire length is also considered.

22 illus, 12 ref

022176   Sajjan S K;Vishwanath V H (Mechanical Engineering Dep, B L D E A's V P Dr. P G H CET, Vijayapura-586 103) : Effect of fly ash on mechanical and fire properties of fibre glass epoxycomposits. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(12), 6-9.

Modern technologies require materials with unusual combination of properties which cannot be met by conventional metal alloys, ceramics and polymeric materials. Especially in defence and space systems, there is a requirement of high performance, specific service conditions which paved a path to development of advanced engineering materials. All the composite materials consist of reinforcement, matrix, and a boundary between them known as the interface. In the present investigation the mechanical and fire resistance behaviour of glass-epoxy and glass-epoxy with filler material as Fly ash composites were tested and analyzed. These composites were prepared by hand lay-up technique with different volume fractions. These composites are subjected to mechanical tests as per ASTM standards, fire tests were also conducted as per ASTM F776-87 standard. The effect of fly ash on mechanical properties and fire properties were computed.

7 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref

022175   Sahu S;Meena O P;Somkuwar A (Electronics & Communication Engineering Dep, Maulana Azad National Instituteof Technology, Bhopal) : Performance analysis of throughput of secondary uses and packet collision probability of primary user i cognitive radio network. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(11), 9-13.

Investigates scenario in Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) where multiple unlicensed users (secondary users) sense multiple licensed frequency bands and try to access the idle frequency bands opportunistically without causing any harmful interference to the licensed users (primary users). To access a channel, ~ach secondary user (SU) calculates access probability (AP) from its spectrum sensing results. The optimal AP values are derived for maximum throughput of a SU. The missed detection of a channel by SUs causes interference to the PUs which results in packet collision. Hence, the packet collision probability of a PU is also analyzed along with simulation results.

2 illus, 11 ref

022174   Saha S;Chakrabarti S (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Dr Sudhir Chandra Sur Degree Engineering College, 540 Dum Dum Road, Kolkata-700 074, Email: sujoysaha.me.besu@gmail.com) : Numerical study on flow characteristics of magnetic fluid flowing through a rectangular channel under the action of magnetic field. J Energy Heat Mass Transfer 2014, 36(2), 103-33.

Author investigated numerically, the flow characteristics of a magnetic fluid flowing through a channel under the action of magnetic field keeping the magnet along axial direction and changing its length considering FHD phenomenon with respect to the formation of recirculating bubbles, velocity contour, centreline velocity, wall shear stress and average static pressure. The continuity and momentum equations are solved for magnetic len~th ranging from 4 to 20 non dimensional unit, magnetic numbers ranging from 2. Ox] if to 3.5x106 and Reynolds numbers ranging from 30 to 130.The shape and size of the recirculating bubble, centerline velocity, wall shear stress and average static pressure have a greater importance in case of various industrial and medical applications. In case of industrial application, heat exchanger, combustor, mixing chamber, chemical processing unitetc are mentionable and under medical application, magnetic hyperthermia, targeted transport of drugs, opening the blockage in the artery etc. may be mentioned.

22 illus, 21 ref

022173   Roy P K;Pal S;Banerjee G;Roy M B;Ray D; Majumder A (School of Water Resources Engineering (SWRE), Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032, Email: pklroy@yahoo.co.in) : Variation of water Qqality parameters with siltation depth for river ichamati along international border with Bangladesh Using multivariate statistical techniques. J Instn Engrs : Ser E 2014, 95(2), 97-103.

River is considered as one of the main sources of freshwater all over the world. Hence analysis and maintenance of this water resource is globally considered a matter of major concern. This paper deals with the assessment of surface water quality of the Ichamati river using multivariate statistical techniques. Eight distinct surface water quality observation stations were located and samples were collected. For the samples collected statistical techniques were applied to the physico-chemical parameters and depth of siltation. In this paper cluster analysis is done to determine the relations between surface water quality and siltation depth of river Ichamati. Multiple regressions and mathematical equation modeling have been done to characterize surface water quality of Ichamati river on the basis of physico-chemical parameters. It was found that surface water quality of the downstream river was different from the water quality of the upstream. The analysis of the water quality parameters of the Ichamati river clearly indicate high pollution load on the river water which can be accounted to agricultural discharge, tidal effect and soil erosion. The results further reveal that with the increase in depth of siltation, water quality degraded.

3 illus, 3 tables, 18 ref

022172   Rose A L;Sujeethra M (Civil Engineering Dep, Adhiparasakthi Engineering College, Melmaruvathur, TN) : An analysis of formwork failures and effectiveness of safety. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(12), 49-53.

Formwork system in the construction industry plays major role for the construction of cast in situ reinforced concrete structures. The various significant components in the formwork system are lifecycle and operation (not compromising, speed and quality).The various formwork systems available in the market rather than conventional formwork systems are slip formwork, climbing formwork, insulated formwork, reusable plastic formwork etc.,. Failures in the formwork system lead to increase the construction cost, time and manpower. The main aim of the work is to analyze the various types of failures in construction building projects. At first, various types of failures in building construction projects are listed. They are failure within the formwork systems and failure of formwork systems due to external events. In this study, the enabling and triggering events that cause failures in formwork system are identified. Based on the. survey internal and external mode of failure in the formwork system can be evaluated. Collected data to be analyzed using statistical tools analysis method, SPSS (Statistical package for the social sciences) is a statistical analysis and data management software package. This paper deals with the analysis of various causes and events to prevent failure in the formwork system and the various safety measures for formwork are analyzed.

1 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

022171   Reddy G V S K;Murthy M S N;Srinivas B;Ramesh K V (Chemical Engineering Dep, MVGR College of Engineering, Chintalavalsa, Vizianagaram-535 005, Email: gvsk_reddy@yahoo.co.in) : Liquid-wall mass transfer in homogeneous flow with coaxially placed string of hemispheres. J Instn Engrs : Ser E 2014, 95(2), 69-74.

This paper presents a study of mass transfer in an electrochemical cell using the limiting current technique. The liquid-wall mass transfer coefficient is obtained in homogeneous flow employing a coaxially placed string of hemispheres as turbulent promoter by varying the geometric variables of the promoter (pitch, characteristic length, rod diameter) and superficial liquid velocity. Analysis of the data reveals that the mass transfer coefficient increases with increase in characteristic length and rod diameter but decreases with increase in pitch. The mass transfer data were correlated by non linear regression to yield an equation in jD-Re format.

5 illus, 10 ref

022170   Rao L V;Kakoty S K (Indian Institute of Technology, , Guwahati, Guwahati-781 039, Email: surendrakumarptl@gmail.com) : Design of compact active magnetic bearing. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2014, 3(3), 741-54.

Active magnetic bearings (AMB) are mainly used in high speed machinery because of their contactless operation. One of the main disadvantages of AMB is its large size. Compact AMBs with higher load carrying capacity may be thought of for better utilization of available space and material. In view of this, an attempt has been made to design compact AMBs to achieve higher load carrying capacity. Two main parameters i.e. shape of the leg and pole winding pattern are considered and their effect on the load carrying capacity and size of the AMB have been estimated. This paper also presents the simulation of AMB in Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) software in which the forces are calculated by weighted stress tensor method. AMB with crown shape leg with trapezoidal winding pattern has been found to be the most compact in size.

23 illus, 3 tables, 11 ref

022169   Rao D S;Das B (NO, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar-751 013) : Characterization and beneficiation studies of a low grade bauxite ore. J Instn Engrs : Ser D 2014, 95(2), 81-93.

Low grade bauxite sample of central India was thoroughly characterized with the help of stereomicroscope, reflected light microscope and electron microscope using QEMSCAN. A few hand picked samples were collected from different places of the mine and were subjected to geochemical characterization studies. The geochemical studies indicated that most of the samples contain high silica and low alumina, except a few which are high grade. Mineralogically the samples consist of bauxite (gibbsite and boehmite), ferruginous mineral phases (goethite and hematite), clay and silicate (quartz), and titanium bearing minerals like rutile and ilmenite. Majority of the gibbsite, boehmite and gibbsitic oolites contain clay, quartz and iron and titanium mineral phases within the sample as inclusions. The sample on an average contains 39.1 % Al₂O₃ and 12.3 % SiO₂, and 20.08 % of Fe₂O₃. Beneficiation techniques like size classification, sorting, scrubbing, hydrocyclone and magnetic separation were employed to reduce the silica content suitable for Bayer process. The studies indicated that, 50 % by weight with 41 % Al₂O₃ containing less than 5 % SiO₂ could be achieved. The finer sized sample after physical beneficiation still contains high silica due to complex mineralogical associations.

9 illus, 16 tables, 18 ref

022168   Ralegaonkar R;Kamath M V;Dakwale V A (Civil Engineering Dep, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (VNIT), Nagpur, Email: sanvan28@yahoo.com) : Design and development of geothermal cooling system for composite climatic zone in India. J Instn Engrs : Ser A 2014, 95(3), 179-83.

Tropical climate buildings use about 70 of operating energy for cooling of built environment. In composite climatic zone like Nagpur, Maharashtra, India several electro-mechanical cooling appliances viz., evaporative coolers, air conditioners, etc. are used. Application of geothermal cooling system is a very apt option for saving energy and reducing emission when compared to conventional cooling techniques. In the present work design methodology of geothermal cooling system is broadly elaborated and is applied to a case study of an educational building located in composite climate. The application of conventional and geothermal cooling systems is compared in terms of energy consumption. It is found that geothermal cooling system saves around 90 % of electricity as compared to air conditioner and 100 % of water as compared to evaporative coolers. This approach can further be extended for larger applications that will reduce consumption of energy and water in buildings.

1 illus, 11 ref

022167   Raju M M;Kumar A;Bisht D;Rao D B (Office of the Chief Engineer Nagarjunasagar Project Irrigation & CAD (, , Hill Colony, Nalgonda District-508 202, Email: mmraju.swce@gmail.com) : Stochastic analysis of wind energy for wind pump irrigation in coastal Andhra Pradesh, India. J Instn Engrs : Ser A 2014, 95(3), 157-68.

Rapid escalation in the prices of oil and gas as well as increasing demand for energy has attracted the attention of scientists and researchers to explore the possibility of generating and utilizing the alternative and renewable sources of wind energy in the long coastal belt of India with considerable wind energy resources. A detailed analysis of wind potential is a prerequisite to harvest the wind energy resources efficiently. Keeping this in view, the present study was undertaken to analyze the wind energy potential to assess feasibility of the wind-pump operated irrigation system in the coastal region of Andhra Pradesh, India, where high ground water table conditions are available. The stochastic analysis of wind speed data were tested to fit a probability distribution, which describes the wind energy potential in the region. The normal and Weibull probability distributions were tested; and on the basis of Chi square test, the Weibull distribution gave better results. Hence, it was concluded that the Weibull probability distribution may be used to stochastically describe the annual wind speed data of coastal Andhra Pradesh with better accuracy. The size as well as the complete irrigation system with mass curve analysis was determined to satisfy various daily irrigation demands at different risk levels.

13 illus, 5 tables, 16 ref

022166   Rajasri I;Gupta A V S S K S;Rao Y V D (Pathfinder Engineering College, , Hanamkonda, Email: rajasrii331@gmail.com) : Symmetry and its effects on structures of planetary gear trains. J Instn Engrs : Ser C 2014, 95(1), 77-81.

A Planetary Gear Train (PGT) can be represented by a graph and this graph in turn is converted to a link to link adjacency symmetric matrix. Identifying isomorphism in structural synthesis of PGT is very important. Several methods have been adopted by various researchers to test for isomorphism in PGTs and out of these isomorphic PGTs one PGT is selected at random. There is no definite basis for selecting a particular PGT out of these isomorphic PGTs for further generation process. Structural aspects and rating of the PGTs are useful in selecting one such PGT for further generation process. Symmetry in PGTs is one such aspect. Hamming matrix is used to measure the structural aspect of symmetry in PGTs. Symmetry in PGT results in more number of structural arrangements i.e. more symmetry in EGTs results in higher number of structural arrangements as compared to EGTs with no or less symmetry

15 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

022165   Rajasekaran T;Barathkumar P;Guruprasath M; Santhosh S (CSE, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, , Coimbatore-641 407) : Keyword conscious provision endorsement method. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(3), 29-33.

Service suggestion systems increase interaction with users to provide them with a richer experience. This is accomplished by providing the users with related suggestions based on their inputs. With this project, we propose a Keyword Conscious Provision Endorsement aims at presenting a personalized service suggestion list. It aims to act as an intermediate application and tries to bring in the dimension of service provider. Explicitly, the keywords provided are used to indicate users' preferences. The algorithm used here to generate appropriate suggestions is a user-based Collaborative Filtering algorithm. To address the analysis and processing problems in a Big Data environment, KCPE is implemented using the Map Reduce parallel processing framework. We have also attempted to incorporate certain other small features that produce significant value. Overall the KCPE has been implemented as an application that can be used both by users and service providers effectively and efficiently.

7 illus, 16 ref

022164   Raj Mahendrasinh M (Institute of Science & Technology for Advanced Studies & Research (IST, , , Email: mahendramraj@yahoo.com) : Studies on mechanical properties of PC - ABS blends. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2014, 3(3), 607-15.

Polymer blends are capable of providing materials which extend the useful properties beyond the range that can be obtained from single polymer equivalents. Blends of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) and Polycarbonate (PC) were prepared in different ratios by melt blending technique which was carried out using a twin screw extruder. ABS is also modified by the use of maleic anhydride and styrene. A super high impact ABS at different weight ratios was incorporated into the blends to study the effects of blend ratio on the properties of the blend. This study focused upon tensile, flexural, and impact properties of ABS/PC blends.

3 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

022163   Raina A K;Murthy V M S R;Soni A K (NO, CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Regional Centre U, 3rd Floor, MECL Complex, Seminary Hills, Nagpur-440 006, Email: rainaji@gmail.com) : Flyrock in surface mine blasting: understanding the basics to develop a predictive regime. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 660-5.

Flyrock is one of the most contentious issues in bench blasting. Unlike ground vibrations, flyrock has the propensity to cause fatality and severe injuries. Although the kinematic equations present a basis for the estimation of flyrock distance, these suffer from the drawback of ignoring the post-release effects of trajectory motion in air. Predictive models that are based on such equations not only suffer from this anomaly, but also fail in flyrock distance prediction due to the gross approximations of initial velocity calculations and shape of the fragments. This article discusses the flyrock phenomenon, causative factors and their use in developing prediction models. Different predictive models, namely empirical and semi-empirical are reviewed and the drawbacks highlighted. The principal causative factors of flyrock namely blast-hole pressure, time of blasting impact and post-release corrections are discussed with their relevance. The study culminates into a futuristic comprehensive flyrock distance prediction methodology to predict the blast danger zone along with the probability and risk associated with flyrock.

2 illus, 4 tables, 22 ref

022162   Rahbar-Ranji A (Ocean Engineering Dep, AmirKabir University of Technology, Hafez Ave., 15914, Tehran, Iran, Email: rahbar@aut.ac.ir) : Dynamic magnification factor in a box-shape steel girder. J Instn Engrs : Ser C 2014, 95(1), 11-8.

The dynamic effect of moving loads on structures is treated as a dynamic magnification factor when resonant is not imminent. Studies have shown that the calculated magnification factors from field measurements could be higher than the values specified in design codes. It is the main aim of present paper to investigate the applicability and accuracy of a rule-based expression for calculation of dynamic magnification factor for lifting appliances used in marine industry. A steel box shape girder of a crane is considered and transient dynamic analysis using computer code ANSYS is implemented. Dynamic magnification factor is calculated for different loading conditions and compared with rule-based equation. The effects of lifting speeds, acceleration, damping ratio and position of cargo are examined. It is found that rule-based expression underestimate dynamic magnification factor.

11 illus, 3 tables, 6 ref

022161   Prasad K N;Bhaskar S V;Narasimhulu M L;Reddy R M (Civil Engineering Dep, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517 502, Email: kotanp_svu@svu@yahoo.com) : Analysis and assessment of strength development in compressed FaL-G blocks. J Instn Engrs : Ser A 2014, 95(3), 129-35.

Of the several options explored in large scale utilization of fly ash, such as production of blended cements, high volume fly ash cement concretes, fly ash, lime and gypsum (FaL-G) combinations, alkali activated fly ash mortars and concretes are of recent innovations. The last two are non-traditional cementing materials, since no cement is used in processing of these materials. This investigation deals with analysis and assessment of strength development in compressed FaL-G blocks. FaL-G chemistry provides a strong scientific base for understanding the mechanisms of interaction. But an equally strong technological base in the production of FaL-G blocks is the need of the hour. In this investigation, analysis has been made to advance a phenomenological model to arrive at the combinations of the ingredients to produce compressed blocks to meet the strength development desired at specified age, based on carefully planned experimental data generated. The analysis of test results has been done within the framework of Abrams' law, which is extensively used in concrete technology. The validity has been examined with an independent set of experimental data. With incorporation of more data covering still wider spectrum of materials the phenomenological model can further be reinforced as a viable tool in the production of compressed FaL-G blocks.

5 illus, 3 tables, 13 ref

022160   Prakash A;Murthy V M S R;Singh K B (NO, Cemtral Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad-826 015, Email: amar_cmri@yahoo.co.in) : Chip size characteization for selecting optimum production parameters of surface miner operating in a coal mine. Curr Sci 2015, 108(3), 422-6.

Coal production using surface miner technology is a well-accepted method today in Indian coal mines contributing a sizeable proportion to the overall production. Production of coal chips of desired size is an important parameter in surface miner performance evaluation in terms of tonnes per hour as well as fulfilment of the need of the consumers. The demand for an average chip size in the range 100-150 mm thermal power plants is growing and this size also fetches a premium price compared to blasted lumpy coal. A field study was conducted at Sonepur Bazari opencast mine, Eastern coalfields (ECL), West Bengal, India for evaluating the cutting operation and performance of a 2200 SM surface miner under varied operational and rock mass conditions. An imaging technique coupled with Fragalyst software was used for grabbing and analysing the sizes of chips produced by surface miner. The wide variation in chip size formation observed in the field was due to the fluctuations in cutting speed and also the presence of joints. This communications reports the study carried out on surface miner to develop a new methodology for charracterizing chip size, fixing the optimum machine operating parameters for a desired chip size and also the production potential.

3 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

022159   Pol K (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon) : Image steganography based on DWT using Huffman encoding with Arithmetic coding. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(10), 102-5.

Internet offers greal cunvellience in transmitting large amounts of data in different parts of the world. As every computer user knows that there are numerous security threats for digitized objects hence methods like steganography are getting more importance day by day. Though steganography is a very old method of hiding information behind some object, but still this is very effective for secure data transfer and data exchange. In order to solve this problem has led to the development of Stegallognlphy schemes. Steganography is the science that communicates secret data in an appropriate multimedia carrier, eg. image, audio and video files. DWT is used to transform original image (cover image) from spatial domain to frequency domain. First apply two dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform (2-D DWT) is performed on a gray level cover image of size M X N and Huffman encoding is performed on the secret messages/image b. The resulted secrete image is encoded by using Arithmetic encoding techniques. Then each bit of resulted secrete code of secret message/image is embedded in the high frequency coefficients resulted from Discrete Wavelet Transform Image quality is to be improved by preserving the wavelet coefficients in the low frequency sub band.

6 illus, 7 ref

022158   Patel S K;Ravi Kumar;Nateriya R (Mechanical Engineering Dep, MANIT, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, Email: surendrakumarptl@gmail.com) : Microstructural analysis, micro hardness and tensile strength of silicon carbide and zirconium silicate dual reinforced particle ADC-12 alloy composite. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2014, 3(3), 723-33.

The aim of this study is to determine the tensile properties of silicon carbide (SiC) and zirconium silicate (ZrSiO4) particulate reinforced with ADC-12 alloy composite. In this experimental study, SiC and ZrSiO4 particulates reinforced with ADC-12 composite were manufactured by stir casting methods. Tensile properties of these composite materials were investigated by different weight percentages, 3%, 6%, 9%wt silicon carbide (SiC) and 9%, 6%,3% wt of zirconium silicate (ZrSiO4) respectively. The tensile tests were conducted to determine tensile strength and young's modulus to investigate the effects of reinforce materials on weight percentages. The outcome of the investigations reveals that the tensile strength composites reinforced by Zirconium silicate (ZrSiO4) and silicon carbide particles with a total reinforcement in Wt% is 12, and in this hybrid reinforcement the variations (9+3) %, (6+6) %, (3+9) % were taken in to account for investigating the properties such as density, tensile strength and hardness of the composites synthesized by Stir casting technique. The mechanical properties evaluation reveals variations in hardness and the tensile strength values with the composite combinations. From the experimental studies, the optimum volume fraction of hybrid reinforcement in ADC-12 alloy on the basis of microstructure and mechanical properties it is found that the (6+6) wt% combination.

9 illus, 10 tables, 9 ref

022157   Patel P;Shukla A K (Calibration and Validation Div, Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad-380 015, Email: piyushastrophy@gmail.com) : Aerosol optical properties over marine and continental sites of India during pre-monsoon season. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 666-76.

Ground and satellite based measurements of spectral optical properties of aerosols have been carried out at Dehradun (DDN) in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) and Kavaratti (KVT) at Lakshadweep in southern Arabian Sea during pre-monsoon season (March-May) 2012. The measurements illustrate distinct seasonal impact on aerosol properties with maximum dust loading during May in conjunction with anthropogenic aerosols over DDN and marine aerosols over KVT. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) values have been observed maximum in May (0.72±0.03) over DDN and in April (0.77±0.05) over KVT. The high AOD at DDN during May is associated with low α and high β, means higher loading in May is associated with coarse mode aerosols, may be dust loading as evident from SSA and volume size distribution. Similarly, high AOD at KVT during March and April are associated with high α and low β, may be due to anthropogenic influence as evident from BT analysis as well as SSA and volume size distribution. However, influence of marine aerosols is also noticeable over KVT during May as indicated by the lower values of α with high turbidity coefficient β. Comparison between sunphotometer and MODIS AOD observations indicates good statistical agreement with the minimal error.

9 illus, 2 tables, 43 ref

022156   Parmar R;Prajapati S (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Babaria Institute of Technology, Vadodara) : Performance improvement of 4-stroke S I Engine using vapour fuel technology. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(12), 72-6.

This paper covers information on the performance improvement of four stroke I.C engine by using vapor fuel technology. Due to the thermal losses and incomplete combustion, the efficiency of an I.C engine is in the range of 25% to 30%. The efficiency may increase with the reduction in these losses. There are many losses in the engine like heat loss, friction loss, inertia loss, combustion loss etc. In our project we had concentrated in minimizing the heat and combustion losses. For that it is, necessary that maximum amount of fuel energy must be absorbed in combustion chamber of engine. The experiment was carried out on the 4-stroke petrol engine in which the convention fuel intake system had been replaced by another system called "vapor fuel system". In this fuel supply system, the fuel is supplied to engine in form of vapor. So this modification in fuel supply system improved the combustion in combustion chamber minimizing the heat and combustion loses and more power was absorbed by engine so there was the improved performance of the engine. The engine was tested for the both conventional and fuel vapor system and the engine performance was checked for the each case.

11 illus, 4 tables, 13 ref

022155   Pardeep Kumar;Vivek Kumar (NO, , ) : Convection in compressible couple-stress dusty fluid. J expl appl Mech 2014, 5(2), 27-37.

The problem of thermosolutal convection in compressible couple-stress fluid in presence of suspended particles is considered. Following the linearized stability theory and normal mode analysis, the dispersion relation is obtained. For the case of stationary convection, the compressibility, couple-stress and stable solute gradient postpone the onset of convection whereas the suspended particles hasten the onset of convection. Graphs have been plotted by giving numerical values to the parameters to depict the stability characteristics. The case of overstability is also considered wherein the sufficient conditions for non-existence of overstability are obtained.

022154   Panthi N;Gupta A;Baby E;Santhosh N (Aeronautical Engineering Dep, NMIT, Bangalore) : Footstep energy harvester using piezoelectric transducer. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(12), 54-7.

Innovation, design and implementation of new technologies leading environment and societal benefits, is the basis of this project, which aims to provide an alternative to an existing product, giving it added value, generating energy cleanly and storing it for reuse. The development of the idea behind the project deals with the need of using piezoelectric transducers to produce energy by harvesting it from the footsteps. Walking is the most common activity in day to day life. When a person walks, he loses energy to the road surface in the form of impact, vibration, sound etc, due to the transfer of his weight on to the road surface, through foot falls on the ground during every step. This energy can be tapped and converted in the usable form such as in electrical form and can be temporarily stored for later use.

4 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

022153   Panja B;Das S K;Sahoo P (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032, Email: psjume@gmil.com) : Tribological behavior of electroless Ni-P coating in brine environment. J Instn Engrs : Ser D 2014, 95(2), 153-9.

The present paper reports an experimental study of tribological behaviour of electroless Ni-P coating in brine environment sliding against alumina. The study of wear and friction behaviour is carried out using different load and sliding velocity with the help of a pin-on-disk wear and friction monitor. The friction coefficient decreases with increase in applied load and sliding velocity. The wear rate increases with increase in sliding velocity and also gradually increases with the increase in applied load. The surface morphology, composition of coatings and crystalline structure are studied with the help of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersed X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis respectively.

10 illus, 2 tables, 24 ref

022152   Panigrahi C K;Parida P R;Das M;Pati J (School of Electrical Engg, KIIT University, ) : Desing and modeling of photovoltaic water pumping system. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(12), 38-41.

This paper presents an effort is made to show the effectiveness of PV solar pump in place of a conventional electric pump in industry. Solar photovoltaic systems performance depends on several environmental parameters like solar insolation, temperature, wind speed and shading. This work focuses on a Matlab/SIMULINK model of 60W photovoltaic panel. In addition, this study outlines the working principle of PV module as well as PV array. This model is based on mathematical equations and is described through an equivalent circuit including a photocurrent source, a diode, a series resistor and a shunt resistor. The developed model allows the prediction of PV cell behaviour under different physical and environmental parameters.

6 ref

022151   Pal S;Shaw B;Mukherjee V (NO, Asansol Engineering College, Asansol, West Begal) : A seeker optimization algorithm for economic load dispatch with non-smooth cost function. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(11), 41-8.

In this paper, a novel heuristic population-based seeker optimization algorithm (SOA) is utilized for the optimal solution of different economic load dispatch (ELD) problems in power systems. In the SOA, the act of human searching capability and understanding are exploited for the purpose of optimization. The effectiveness of the algorithm is tested on a number of power systems, including the systems with 40, 10 and 15 generating units. The test power systems are having valve point effects, prohibited operating zones, ramp rate limits, as well as, transmission network loss, and multiple fuels with valve point effects. The obtained results are compared with those of the other state-of-the-art heuristic optimization techniques' published in the literature. The outcome of the present work is to establish the SOA as a promising alternative approach to solving the ELD problems in practical power systems. Both the near-optimality of the solution and the convergence speed of the algorithm are promising.

6 illus, 8 tables, 25 ref

022150   Niasar A H;Khoei B H (NO, , ) : Design and implementation of single-phase, three-level, sub-harmonic PWM inverter with short-circuit fault detection. J Instrum Technol Innovation 2015, 5(2), 5-13.

This paper investigates the design and implementation of single-phase, three-level inverter controlled by sub-harmonic pulse-width modulation (SH-PWM). The performance of developed 3-level inverter is simulated and then is compared with 2-level conventional inverter as well as FFT analysis. Experimental test has been undertaken to examine the operating characteristics of the implemented inverter for supplying an inductive load. To increase the reliability of designed inverter in different applications, a short-circuit fault detection has been considered. Moreover, to reduce the voltage harmonic contents of the inverter, an LC low-pass filter is employed. Finally, an efficiency analysis is given to show the satisfactory performance of the developed inverter.

022149   Nandini M D S;Abirami C;Maheswari R (NO, ECE SNS College of Engineering, ) : Intelligent toll gate security system with speed control. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(3), 130-2.

An intelligent toll gate opener using zigbee technology is to overcome the major issue of collision. The zigbee module is placed in both the transmitter and receiver side, the module in the receiver side receives the signal from the transmitter side, which is placed in the vehicle. It maintains the user details of user name, account number, vehicle number and address to verify the user details in the data base. Simultaneously the transaction details of the users is sent to the micro controller and the amount will be reduced from the user's account, it will intimate the gate control which is supported by a stepper motor to open the strip of the gate, if it is valid. If not, the vehicle will be automatically stopped.

8 ref

022148   Naidu K R;Mandal T K;Majumder S K (Chemical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781 039, Email: skmaju@iitg.ernet.in) : Analysis of frictional pressure drop based on flow regimes of oil-water flow in pipeline. J scient ind Res 2015, 74(3), 180-4.

This article presents the analysis of frictional pressure drop, flow regimes of oil-water flow in an inclined pipeline. The analysis is done based on the Lockhart-Martinelli principle. The Lockhart-Martinelli model is modified and incorporated to predict the frictional pressure drop of oil-water flow in inclined pipeline. The effects of operating variables such as oil and water flow rates on frictional pressure drop are investigated. To predict the frictional pressure drop, friction factor of oil-water two-phase flow, correlations have also been developed for different flow regimes as a function of different dimensionless groups by introducing the operating variables and physical properties. The studies of the pressure drop of oil-water flow in pipeline may give insight into a further understanding and modeling of the liquid-liquid two-phase flow characteristics in chemical industries.

4 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

022147   Mukherjee S;Deyasi A;Kundu S;Roy A;Gharami S (RCC Institute of Information Technology, , , Email: deyasi_arpan@yahoo.co.in) : Computation of transmission coefficient of double triangular quantum well for different dispersion relations. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2014, 3(3), 616-23.

Transmission coefficient of double quantum well triple barrier structure with triangular geometry is numerically computed for non-parabolic band structure, and result is compared with that obtained for parabolic dispersion relation. Propagation matrix method is used for computation, and GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs material system is considered for simulation purpose with the consideration that variation of AlAs percentage is limited for type-I hetero structure formation. Thickness of different layers is varied to observe the variation of transmission probability, and material composition of barrier layer is also varied. Ben Daniel Duke boundary condition is incorporated for taking into account the effective mass mismatch at each junction, and also of the conduction band discontinuity at well-barrier interface. Overestimated parabolic assumption shows that Eigen energy value increases compared to the value obtained for realistic band structure, which is inaccurate as far as resonant tunneling phenomenon is concerned. Effect of electric field is also estimated for low bias applications.

6 illus, 19 ref

022146   Mukherjee M (Architecture and Planning Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Email: mahua1965@gmail.com) : Eco-environmental factors in green roof application in Indian cities. J Instn Engrs : Ser A 2014, 95(3), 137-42.

Green-roof is the cost-effective environmental mitigation strategy for urban areas [1]. Its application is limited in India primarily due to inadequate understanding about its cost-benefit analysis and technicalities of its maintenance. Increasing awareness about green roof can alter conservative attitude towards its application. So, this work presents a quantified study on green-roof types, cost and environmental benefits while considering different geo-urban climate scenarios for cities of Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai and New Delhi. Cost estimation for extensive and intensive green-roof with reference to commonly used roof in urban India is also worked out. Attributes considered for environmental discussion are energy savings related to thermal heat gain through roof, roof-top storm-water drainage and sound attenuation. The comparative study confirms that further focused study on individual cities would identify city-specific objectives for green-roof application; strategies like awareness, capacity building programmes, incentives, demonstration projects etc. can be worked out accordingly for wider application of green-roof in Indian cities.

6 tables, 20 ref

022145   Mosier-Boss P A et al (NO, , 9112 Fermi Ave., San Diego, CA, USA, Email: pboss@san.rr.com) : Condensed matter nuclear reaction products observed in Pd/D co-deposition experiments. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 656-9.

Pd/D co-deposition has been used by a number of researchers to explore the condensed matter nuclear reactions occurring within the palladium lattice by generating highly loaded layers of lattice over the cathode. Reaction products that have been observed include heat, transmutation, tritium, energetic charged particles and neutrons. The results of these experiments are discussed here

1 table, 19 ref

022144   Mohan R;Nanthakumar K (M P Nachimuthu M Jaganathan Engineering College, , Erode, Tamil Nadu) : A high speed and low power flip-flop design using topologically compressed technique. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(11), 90-7.

An extremely low-power flip-flop (FF) named topologically-compressed flip-flop (TCFF) is proposed. As compared with conventional FFs, the FF reduces power dissipation by 75%. This power reduction ratio is the highest among FFs that have been reported so far. The reduction achieved by applying topological compression method, merger of logically equivalent transistors to an unconventional latch structure. The very small number of transistors connected to clock signal reduces the power drastically, and the smaller transistor count assures the reduces cell area as conventional FFs. Inaddition, fully static full swing operation makes the cell tolerant of supply voltage and input slew variation. An experimental chip design with 25nm CMOS technology shows that almost all conventional FFs are replaceable with proposed FF while preserving increasing system performance and reduces the layout area.

28 illus, 4 tables, 16 ref

022143   Meinda B S;Shamsir M S;Salleh F M;Illias R M (Bioinformatics Research Group (BIRG), Biosciences and Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi, Malaysia, Email: bsmienda@gmail.com) : In silico prediction of Escherichia coli metabolic engineering capabilities for 1-butanol production. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 686-94.

In silicometabolic engineering interventions have received renewed attention due to the increase in the number of annotated genomes and the development of several genome-scale metabolic models.Using the retrosynthetic metabolic pathway prediction method, we engineered metabolic strategies for the production of 1-butanol by Escherichia coliusing the OptFlux soft-ware platform.The metabolic engineering model shows that the insertion of nucleotide sugar dehydrogenase enzyme from Leptothrix cholodnii is predicted to catalyse the production of 1-butanol in E. coli. The growth rate and the secretion profile of the mutant model was retained as the wild-type. The result demonstrates that the proposed engineered strain is capable of substantial butanol production increase when 1-butanol gene (nsdh/b3544) is over expressed under semi-anaerobic conditions with fixed glucose and oxygen uptake rates of 8 mmol g DW^{-1 h-1 and 5 mmol g DW-1 h-1, respectively. We anticipate that our in silico results would serve as a starting point for novel in vivo metabolic engineering strategies of 1-butanol production in E. coli.}

6 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref

022142   Mathur P;Jha A;Sharma A (NO, Poornima Institute of Engineering and Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan) : Effect of radiation on upper convected maxwell fluid flow over a stretching sheet. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(5), 22-30.

The present work is to study the effect of MHD flow and heat transfer within a boundary layer flow on an upper-convected Maxwell (UCM) fluid over a stretching sheet. The fluid is assumed to be gray, emitting and absorbing radiation but non scattering medium. The governing boundary layer equations of motion and heat transfer are non-dimensional, by using appropriate similarity variables it changes into the, ordinary differential equations. Thes ODE solved numerically by shooting technique with fourth order Runge-Kutta method. For a UCM fluid, a thinning of the boundary layer and a drop in wall skin friction coefficient is predicted to occur for higher the elastic number. The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of Maxwell parameter β, magnetic parameter M and Prandtl number Pr on the temperature field above the sheet.

6 illus, 29 ref

022141   Mandal S;Bhattacharjee A;Sutradhar A (Electrical Engineering Dep, Aliah University, Kolkata-700 064, Email: sharmi_mandal@yahoo.co.in) : LMI based robust blood glucose regulation in type-1 diabetes patient with daily multi-meal ingestion. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2014, 95(2), 121-8.

This paper illustrates the design of a robust output feedback H ì controller for the nonlinear glucose-insulin (GI) process in a type-1 diabetes patient to deliver insulin through intravenous infusion device. The H ì design specification have been realized using the concept of linear matrix inequality (LMI) and the LMI approach has been used to quadratically stabilize the GI process via output feedback H ì controller. The controller has been designed on the basis of full 19th order linearized state-space model generated from the modified Sorensen's nonlinear model of GI process. The resulting controller has been tested with the nonlinear patient model (the modified Sorensen's model) in presence of patient parameter variations and other uncertainty conditions. The performance of the controller was assessed in terms of its ability to track the normoglycemic set point of 81 mg/dl with a typical multi-meal disturbance throughout a day that yields robust performance and noise rejection.

10 illus, 1 table, 30 ref

022140   Mallick D S;Paul S (Development Consultants P Ltd, , Kolkata, West Bengal, Email: dsmallick@in.dclgroup.com) : Energy conservation in air cooled condenser. J Instn Engrs : Ser C 2014, 95(1), 83-8.

Air cooled condensers were first introduced in the US power industry in the early 1970s, but only during the last few decades has the number of installations greatly increased, largely to mitigate the problem of available water supply. Air may be used as a cooling medium in condensers where, primarily, there is scarcity of water, or where the ambient remains significantly cold for major parts of the year. Air cooled condensers are designed considering the design ambient conditions of summer. During winter months, if the air flow rate over the heat transfer surfaces is kept constant, it leads to improved condenser vacuum, and consequently, improved heat rate. Alternatively, the fans may be run at lower speeds, by using variable frequency drives (VFD), so as to keep the condenser vacuum constant, resulting uniform heat rate. This paper compares the economics between the power saved by the use of VFD in the condenser fans, keeping constant heat rate throughout the year, vis-…-vis, the saving in fuel, effected when the fans are operated at constant speed throughout the year and thus achieving improved heat rate during colder ambient.

1 illus, 3 tables, 1 ref

022139   Majumder S;Roy D;Bhattacharjee S;Debnath R (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032, Email: srg_maj@yahoo.com) : Experimental investigation of the turbulent fluid flow through a rectangular diffuser using two equal baffles. J Instn Engrs : Ser C 2014, 95(1), 19-23.

An experimental study of the turbulent fluid flow through a rectangular diffuser has been carried out using two baffles of equal height positioned at different axial distances from inlet of the diffuser duct. Here, the working fluid is air at normal atmospheric condition. The steady, incompressible and three-dimensional turbulent flow is entered through the diffuser at a fixed Reynolds number, Re = 6.2 x 104. However, the measurements have been taken in the mid stream plane of the diffuser to avoid the end effects. It is observed that recirculatory flow is generated right from the midpoint of the top surface of the first baffle and continued up to further downstream of the second baffle. The size of the recirculation bubble gradually increases towards the downstream of the diffuser and then it finally vanishes. These entire phenomena are thoroughly investigated by the detailed velocity distribution in the normal direction at different axial position. The same experiment is considered to be carried out by PIV shortly for more accuracy.

2 illus, 13 ref

022138   Mahata T K (NO, , ) : Analysis of mechanical properties of EN 24 steel after austempering and martempering. J expl appl Mech 2014, 5(3), 29-36.

Mechanical properties of steel decide its applicability for a particular condition. Heat treatment processes are commonly used to enhance the required properties of steel. The present work aims at experimentally investigating the effects of normalizing, Austempering and timed quenching on AISI 4340 steel. The material was machined to ASTM standards and then different tests like microstructure analysis, hardness test, impact test, and were carried out after the heat treatment processes. All the tests were carried out in the mechanical workshops and laboratories under the supervision of their respective faculty, at the MIT campus, Manipal. It was found that normalized steel was least hard and while timed quenched steel was hardest. The ASTM grain size affirmed these results by displaying a similar trend. An increase in brittleness was observed with the increase in hardness, with the timed quenched specimen displaying the least impact strength.Heat treatment is necessary to obtain the required mechanical and physical properties for a material to make it suitable for fabrication. For this reason, the knowledge of heat treatment is necessary to suitably condition the material for the subsequent stages of manufacture, or in the case of semi-finished component to impart the desired mechanical and physical properties such as increased strength, toughness and wear resistance. Heat treatment is also resorted to relieve internal stresses and to soften hard metals in order to improve machinability. The outstanding advantage of steel as an engineering material is due to its versatility. Its properties can be controlled and changed at will by the heat treatment. Thus, if steel is to be formed into some intricate shape, it can be made very soft and ductile by the heat treatment, if, on the other hand, it is to resist water, it can be heat treated to a very hard, wear-resisting condition.