022087   Boral P;Maity S (NO, Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, PO: FRI, Dhanbad-828 108, Email: sudip_maity@yahoo.com) : X-ray diffraction studies of some structurally modified Indian coals and their correlation with petrographic parameters. Curr Sci 2015, 108(3), 384-94.

In order to study the X-ray structural parameters, five coals have been chosen from different coal basins of India. These coals have been demineralized by standard HF + HCl treatment and treated with nitric acid in aqueous and glacial acetic acid media. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the samples are recorded using a slow step scan (2 s/step) over an anngular range 20 θ<126>002), crystallite size (L_c), aromaticity (f_a) and average number of aromatic layers (N_c). The structural parameters have been correlated with chemical' as well as petrographic parameters of coals. Mean random reflectance (MR_r) of the studied coals varies between 0.44% and 0.54% and the vitrinite, liptinite and inertinite contents vary between 17.8% and 66.4%, 9.2% and 20.3% and 20.7% and 62.9% respectively. Nitration in both the media has increased d002 values. This study also shows that d₀₀₂ and f_a values are dependent on the rank of the coal, rather than only the carbon content (C_dmf, dry mineral free basis). XRD rank parameter values have been directly correlated with the petrographic rank parameters. Nitration in both the media has induced similar kind of effect on individual macerals. Behaviour of the macerals to chemical treatment is also reported in this study.

13 illus, 4 tables, 39 ref

022086   Bhattacharya P (NO, , ) : Finite element modeling of active twist in rotor blades using IDE-PFC actuators. J expl appl Mech 2014, 5(2), 1-13.

Blade Vortex Interaction in rotating helicopter blades contributes significantly to the instability and high vibration levels during its operations. It is therefore essential to evolve a mechanism to reduce unwanted vibration. Several methods/devices, like the smart trailing edge flap actuators, active blade twist, etc are suggested. Active blade twist concept deals with changing the angle of attack and thereby reducing vibration and noise. The piezoelectric actuators are the promising devices to achieve the active blade twist. Due to the conformability and positioning aspects, active fiber composite actuators (piezoelectric fiber composite) with interdigitated electrodes gain an edge over the conventional piezoelectric patch actuators. In the present work, a four noded plate finite element is formulated to model the rotor blades with IDE-PFC actuators. The element consists of both mechanical as well as electrical degrees of freedom. The constitutive equations are derived and FE formulation is developed. Results are obtained for static deflection due to piezoelectric actuation and are validated. Subsequently, parametric studies are carried out on laminated composite rotating blades with IDE-PFC actuation and the validity of the developed element for d33 actuation is established.

022085   Basak R;Das A;Sensarma A K;Sanyal A N (Geological Survey of India, , DK-6, Sector II, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700 091, Email: basak.raju@yahoo.com) : Cost-optimal design of a 3-phase core type transformer by gradient search technique. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2014, 95(2), 143-8.

Three-phase core type transformers are extensively used as power and distribution transformers in power system and their cost is a sizable proportion of the total system cost. Therefore they should be designed cost-optimally. The design methodology for reaching cost-optimality has been discussed in details by authors like Ramamoorty. It has also been discussed in brief in some of the text-books of electrical design. The paper gives a method for optimizing design, in presence of constraints specified by the customer and the regulatory authorities, through gradient search technique. The starting point has been chosen within the allowable parameter space the steepest decent path has been followed for convergence. The step length has been judiciously chosen and the program has been maneuvered to avoid local minimal points. The method appears to be best as its convergence is quickest amongst different optimizing techniques.

1 table, 22 ref

022084   Bangarraju J;Rajagopal V;Jayalaxmi A (Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dep, Padmasri Dr. B.V. Raju Institute of Technology, Narsapur, Medak-502 313, Email: rajujbr@gmail.com ) : Unit template synchronous reference frame theory based control algorithm for DSTATCOM. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2014, 95(2), 135-41.

This article proposes new and simplified unit templates instead of standard phase locked loop (PLL) for Synchronous Reference Frame Theory Control Algorithm (SRFT). The extraction of synchronizing components (sin? and cos?) for parks and inverse parks transformation using standard PLL takes more execution time. This execution time in control algorithm delays the extraction of reference source current generation. The standard PLL not only takes more execution time but also increases the reactive power burden on the Distributed Static Compensator (DSTATCOM). This work proposes a unit template based SRFT control algorithm for four-leg insulated gate bipolar transistor based voltage source converter for DSTATCOM in distribution systems. This will reduce the execution time and reactive power burden on the DSTATCOM. The proposed DSTATCOM suppress harmonics, regulates the terminal voltage along with neutral current compensation. The DSTATCOM in distribution systems with proposed control algorithm is modeled and simulated using MATLAB using SIMULINK and Simpower systems toolboxes.

11 illus, 16 ref

022083   Ballal M S;Ballal D M;Suryawanshi H M;Mishra M K (NO, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Nagpur-440 010, Email: msb_ngp@rediffmail.com) : Corrective measures for the effective load management and control under disturbance at Bhusawal Thermal Power Station. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2014, 95(2), 163-73.

Modern power grid needs to become smarter in order to provide an affordable, reliable, and sustainable supply of electricity. The objective of this work is to investigate the discrepancies in power flow control under the abnormal circumstances and to maintain grid stability. This paper reports investigation into the factors that influence the dynamic behavior of the power control from Bhusawal Thermal Power Station (BTPS), India. The problems of existing power system are discussed by considering the case studies of BTPS substation and very efficient solutions are proposed to resolves these hurdles. Load flow studies are carried out for different cases, considering realistic load condition before and after disturbances. Simulation is performed in MATLAB environment and recorded parameters are compared with simulation results.

5 illus, 4 tables, 22 ref

022082   Bagwari A;Tomar G S (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, Women's Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun-248 007, Email: ashishbagwari@ieee.org) : Cooperative spectrum sensing with multiple antennas using adaptive double-threshold based energy detector in cognitive radio networks. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2014, 95(2), 107-12.

In Cognitive radio networks, spectrum sensing is used to sense the unused spectrum in an opportunistic manner. In this paper, multiple antennas based energy detector utilizing adaptive double-threshold for spectrum sensing is proposed, which enhances detection performance and overcomes sensing failure problem as well. The detection threshold is made adaptive to the fluctuation of the received signal power in each local detector of cognitive radio (CR) user. Numerical results show that by using multiple antennas at the CRs, it is possible to significantly improve detection performance at very low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Further, the scheme was analyzed in conjunction with cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS), where CRs utilize selection combining of the decision statistics obtained by an adaptive double-threshold energy detector for making a binary decision of the presence or absence of a primary user. The decision of each CR is forwarded over error free orthogonal channels to the fusion centre, which takes the final decision of a spectrum hole. It is further found that CSS with multiple antenna-based energy detector with adaptive double-threshold improves detection performance around 26.8 % as compared to hierarchical with quantization method at -12 dB SNR, under the condition that a small number of sensing nodes are used in spectrum sensing

111 illus, 15 ref

022081   Babu V P;Sreenivas B;Thota P K;Jawahar Lal R (E.E.E Dep, Jyothishmathi Institute of Technology & Science, JNTU-H, Karimnagar, Andhra Pradesh, Email: targetsrinu8@gmail.com) : Cracking bluetooth security. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2014, 3(3), 624-9.

In this Paper, data encryption/decryption for Bluetooth security using virilog HDL is presented. SAFER+ algorithm is a very good choice for wireless systems due to the reason that it is a combination of security and high speed implementation. It is a basic component in the authentication of Bluetooth mechanism. The whole design was captured entirely in VHDL using a bottom-up design. The proposed VLSI implementation of the SAFER+ algorithm reduces the covered area about 25 percent, and achievesa data throughput up to 320 Mbps at a clock frequency of 20 MHz.

4 illus, 8 ref

022080   Azim M A (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh, Email: azim@me.buet.ac.bd) : Future prospects of low compression ignition engines. J Instn Engrs : Ser C 2014, 95(1), 25-30.

This study presents a review and analysis of the effects of compression ratio and inlet air preheating on engine performance in order to assess the future prospects of low compression ignition engines. Regulation of the inlet air preheating allows some control over the combustion process in compression ignition engines. Literature shows that low compression ratio and inlet air preheating are more beneficial to internal combustion engines than detrimental. Even the disadvantages due to low compression ratio are outweighed by the advantages due to inlet air preheating and vice versa.

12 illus, 21 ref

022079   Arisutha S;Baredar P;Deshpande D M;Suresh S (Energy Dep, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal-462 051, Email: arisudhanit@gmail.com) : Evaluation of methane from sisal leaf residue and palash leaf litter. J Instn Engrs : Ser E 2014, 95(2), 105-10.

The aim of this study is to evaluate methane production from sisal leaf residue and palash leaf litter mixed with different bulky materials such as vegetable market waste, hostel kitchen waste and digested biogas slurry in a laboratory scale anaerobic reactor. The mixture was prepared with 1:1 proportion. Maximum methane content of 320 ml/day was observed in the case of sisal leaf residue mixed with vegetable market waste as the feed. Methane content was minimum (47 ml/day), when palash leaf litter was used as feed. This was due to the increased content of lignin and polyphenol in the feedstock which were of complex structure and did not get degraded directly by microorganisms. Sisal leaf residue mixtures also showed highest content of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as compared to palash leaf litter mixtures. It was observed that VFA concentration in the digester first increased, reached maximum (when pH was minimum) and then decreased.

4 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

022078   Aravinda P A;Kumarappa S (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davangere,Karnataka) : Computational fluid dynamics analysis of double flue technology in Coke dry quenching. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(10), 117-21.

In this Project CFD simulation COKE DRY QUENCHING is simulated using ANSYS CFD software. In this Simulation CFD modeling is done using ANSYS Design Modeler. CFD meshing is carried out using ANSYS Meshing Platform, in this project tetrahedral with prism boundary layer meshing is used. Simulation is carried out for single and double gas entry COKE DRY QUENCHING. Then finally both the results are compared in terms of temperature, pressure drop, velocity and streamlines contours.

14 illus, 2 tables, 3 ref

022077   Ansari M F;Ansari A S;Mumtaj M (Electrical Engineering Dep, NITTTR, Chandigarh) : Comparative analysis of speed control of DC motor using closed loop unity feedback, PID controller and linear quadratic regulator. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(3), 6-9.

This paper presents a comparative study of various controllers for the speed control of DC motor. The comparison is made between different controllers. The controllers are closed loop unity feedback controller, Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller and linear quadratic regulator designed based on the optimal control theory. The performance of these controllers has been verified through simulation results using MATLAB.

7 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

022076   Angadi R;Zabiullah S;Sekhar V;Venugopal N (Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dep, , KEKC Kuppam, NNTU, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh) : Analysis & Design intelligent UPS system for smart Grid. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(11), 49-54.

The modern area trend technology completely depends on the continuous power supply and the economic growth of the nation is completely depending upon the availability of the power supply. To achieve these parameters like voltage, current and frequency of the power system should be attracted values, because of remote generation, transmission and distribution we are failing to receive the reliable power. In view of this we are proposing intelligent uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) for smart grid to achieve the sustainable energy which operates in multi-functional modular, intelligent UPS system for smart grid consists of four identical H-bridge converters. The intelligent UPS controlling is achieved with the help of SPWM techniques, also not only can realize all the basic functions of the traditional on-line UPS system, but also can gives pictorial path for the cyclic use of the electrical power between the power grid and storage battery. In the proposed system also we can easily interface the renewable energy sources in order to achieve the sustainable energy. Moreover, due to the modular design, it can easily operate in any power converters mode for any applications. The configuration and working principle of the proposed IUPS system are analyzed, and controlling is achieved by designing and modeling of intelligent UPS system and results are verified with the help of MAT LAB/Simulink.

13 illus, 12 ref

022075   Andrew Pon Abraham J D;Sai Ganesh J (Automobile Engineering Kumaraguru College of Technology Dep, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, ) : Heat transfer rate improvement on radiator (IC Engine) using nanofluids. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(10), 49-52.

Invention of motor vehicle has advanced the life style of human being. Motor vehicle made a contribution in place to place mobility and is also helpful in small scale transportation of essential commodities. But the heat transfer rate of radiator place a vital role in the efficiency of engine. Many methods were implemented to increase the heat transfer rate. But still the efficiency of engine is limited only to a certain extent. In this system the heat transfer rate can be increased to a greater level by using nanofluids as coolant in radiator.

4 illus, 2 tables, 5 ref

022074   Ahuja R K;Amit Kumar (Electrical Engineering Dep, YMCA University of Science & Technology, Faridabad, Email: rajeshkrahuja@gmail.com) : MATLAB simulation based analysis of eleven-level diode clamped inverter with sinusoidal PWM. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2014, 3(3), 667-74.

This paper deals with study of 3-è Eleven Level inverter feeding Three-Phase Balanced Loads at different carrier frequencies. Eleven level Inverter is realized by Diode-Clamped Multi-level topology. Author can select of topology and control schemes according to power demands of inverter. A multilevel inverter can be used for multipurpose applications i.e. an active power filter, a static VAR compensator and a machine drive for sinusoidal and trapezoidal current applications. As the No. of levels increases the quality of the output voltage waveform increases and there is reduction in EMI/RFI generation. The Multilevel inverter is used to reduce the harmonics and can generate high quality voltage waveforms. The control signals for the IGBT's are generated by the Phase Disposition scheme of Sinusoidal PWM technique. The FFT spectrums for the output voltage and current are analyzed to study the reduction in the harmonics.

12 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

022073   Abhyankar A K;Gajjal S Y (Mechanical Engineering, NBN Sinhgad School of Engineering, , Ambegaon, Pune) : Simulation model for coupler curve generation using five bar planar mechanism with rotation constraint. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(3), 88-92.

In the simulation of planar five bar mechanism, the objective is to calculate the positions of all the links which are rigid bodies. The planar five bar mechanism has second degree of freedom. There can be two input links. By adding a new constraint to conventional five bar motion generation model, the degree of freedom is reduced to one. This five bar constrained mechanism generates a family of curves. The simulation model allows the user to actually input the mechanism and generate the motion curve. The model indicates the locking positions and user can modify the dimensions.

9 ref

022072   Abhilash R;Gopalakrishna K;Venkatesh K (Centre for Emerging Technologies, Jain University Jain Global Campus, Jakkasandra Post, Kanakapura Taluk, Ramanagara District, Karnataka State, Email: kg.krishna@jainuniversity.ac.in) : Performance evaluation of an IC Engine using Oxyhydrogen as a fuel supplement. J scient ind Res 2015, 74(3), 176-9.

Commonly used fuels such as petrol and diesel have definite energy values and the extent of energy retrieval is limited due to the operating principle of the IC engine. Water upon electrolysis dissociates into hydrogen and oxygen, both the gases together in a common duct called as oxyhydrogen is used to increase the overall energy content of the primary fuel with a proportionate increase in efficiency. In the present investigation, this method is used to generate oxyhydrogen and feed it as a supplement fuel into the air intake manifold of a four stroke diesel engine test rig coupled to a rope brake dynamometer. The performance of the engine is monitored with the supply of oxyhydrogen intake at different electrolyte concentrations. Tests were also done with an accelerometer installed on the engine block to verify the effect of oxyhydrogen fuel on the engine vibration. The results indicate increase of 4% in brake thermal efficiency with the use of sodium hydroxide electrolyte and the efficiency peaked at 75% of rated load on the engine.

3 illus, 10 ref

021015   Yang Z;Ahmat M;Geni M (School of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang Univ, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830047, China, Email: zhy86222@163.com) : Dynamics numerical simulation of planetary gear system for wind turbine gearbox. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2015, 22(1), 71-6.

In this paper,the precise 3D geometric models of helical planetary gears system in the wind turbine gearbox are built up. The contact stress curves of planetary gears are analyzed by the nonlinear dynamics and the numerical method. The deformation of the gear teeth and the time-varying mesh stiffness curve of planetary gears meshing inside and outside are got by numerical analysis, the impact stress of the carrier of the helical planetary gears system is analyzed. The results provide a theoretical basis for the structure analysis and optimization of the type system.

15 illus, 10 ref

021014   Vijayan D;Rao V S (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswathi Viswa Maha Vidyalaya, Enathur, Kanchipuram-631 561, Email: vijaiand2012@gmail.com) : Friction stir welding of age-hardenable aluminum alloys: a parametric approach using RSM based GRA coupled with PCA. J Instn Engrs : Ser C 2014, 95(2), 127-41.

Age-hardenable aluminum alloys, primarily used in the aerospace, automobile and marine industries (2 x x x, 6 x x x and 7 x x x), can be welded using solid-state welding techniques. Friction stir welding is an emerging solid-state welding technique used to join both similar and dissimilar materials. The strength of a friction stir welded joint depends on the joining process parameters. Therefore, a combination of the statistical techniques of a response surface methodology based on a grey relational analysis coupled to a principal component analysis was proposed to select the process parameters suitable for joining AA 2024 and AA 6061 aluminum alloys via friction stir welding. The significant process parameters, such as rotational speed, welding speed, axial load and pin shapes (PS) were considered during the statistical experiment. The results indicate that the square PS plays a vital role and yields an ultimate tensile strength of 141 MPa for an elongation of 12% versus cylinder and taper pin profiles. The root cause for joint strength loss and fracture mode was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Severe material flow during macro defects, such as pin holes and porosity, degrades the joint strength by approximately 44% for AA 2024 and 51% for AA 6061 fabricated FS-welded aluminum alloys relative to the base material. The results of this approach are useful for accurately controlling the response and optimize the process parameters.

12 illus, 10 tables, 41 ref

021013   Varughese J A;Menon D;Prasad A M (NO, Govt Engineering College Barton Hill, Thiruvananthapuram, Email: jijianna.cet@gmail.com) : Load distribution patterns for displacement-based seismic design of RC framed buildings. J Instn Engrs : Ser A 2014, 95(4), 211-9.

The behaviour of tall frames is characterized by the influence of higher modes in addition to the fundamental mode and thus the design procedures for Displacement-based Design (DBD) adopt several measures to control higher mode effects. The performances of 4, 9 and 15-storeyed frames, designed by DBD were verified using nonlinear time history analyses. Higher values of inter-storey drift and damage index were seen near the top of tall frames, which shows the inefficiency of the design method in accounting for higher mode effect. As the principle of damage-limiting aseismic design is to get uniform damage along the height of the frame, several load distribution patterns were examined and the storey shear distributions were compared to identify the best pattern to get uniform damage. The Chao load distribution was found to give higher storey shear at top and thus the frames were redesigned using this load distribution. The efficiency of Chao load distribution in reducing higher mode effects is demonstrated using nonlinear time history analyses.

7 illus, 7 tables, 16 ref

021012   Uvaraja V C;Natarajan N;Shivakumar K; Jegadheeshwaran S;Sudhakar S (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam-638 401, Email: c_uva@rediffmail.com) : Tribological behavior of heat treated Al 7075 aluminium metal matrix composites. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2015, 22(1), 51-61.

Aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMCs) are developed owing to their excellent properties like light weight, high levels of strength, stiffness and wear resistance. In the present work, an attempt is made to study the effect of two hard phase reinforcement particulates namely, silicon carbide (varying weight percentage) and a constant weight percentage of boron carbide on tribological behavior of Al 7075 alloy matrix. The weight percentages of silicon carbide particulate considered here are 5%, 10%, and 15% whereas for boron carbide a constant 3% weight is used throughout the study. Aluminium alloy as base matrix is reinforced with a mixture of two types of particulates along with magnesium (Mg) 1% as binding element. The composite thus formed is termed as aluminium metal matrix composite. These composites are manufactured by the stir-cast liquid metallurgy method. The unreinforced aluminium alloy and composite specimens are carefully machined using lathe machine and prepared for heat treatment process by subjecting to solutionizing treatment at a temperature of 530°C for 1 h followed by quenching in water. Further the specimens are subjected to artificial aging for durations of 4, 6 and 8 h at a temperature of 175°C. The mechanical and tribological properties of composites and the unreinforced alloys before and after heat treatment are examined by Vickers hardness test machine and pin-on-disc test machine respectively. The wear rate and friction co-efficient are evaluated as a function of applied load, sliding velocity, sliding time, and weight fraction for the heat treated particles. The wear surface morphology and wear mechanism of the pins are investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and are correlated with wear test results.

13 illus, 27 ref

021011   Udhayapraksh A;Udhayapraksh A;Biksha Nateshan S;Vijay Vishwanath S;Vivek Vijayan C (NO, , ) : Smart steam generator using labiew. J Instrum Technol Innovation 2015, 5(1), 6-12.

Efficiency of the boiler was deliberate by estimating the heat losses. Analysis on the performance of the boiler was directed by investigative the heat losses, categorizing the reasons for losses, computing the individual loss and developing an approach for loss reduction. We all know about the problems occurred in a boiler plant based on temperature, level and flow rate to produce the steam. In this paper, we have implemented a VI program in LabVIEW platform to overcome those kinds of problem generated in the boiler. The main objective of this paper is to generate steam by controlled action. It is also include controlled temperature, level and flow process to required steam. Here the major problems are overflow of boiler and dryness of the boiler those are controlled by the proposal controller - Cascade and a Selector controller in LabVIEW.

illus

021010   Tripathi K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Shri G.S. Institute of Science and Technology, Indore-452 003, Email: kart_trip@yahoo.co.uk) : Engagement control of automotive clutch by mechatronic system using pre-determined force trajectories. J Instn Engrs : Ser C 2014, 95(2), 109-17.

In automated manual clutch (AMC), the mechatronic system is required to generate appropriate clutch force trajectory to achieve good engagement quality. For this purpose, four generic force trajectories were analyzed and engagement quality was assessed, using four parameters-peak engine speed, clutch lockup time, vehicle lurch, and shuffle. Magnitudes of these parameters were obtained from results of simulation on a complete dynamic model of vehicle driveline. It was observed that parabolic trajectory gives satisfactory overall performance in terms of engagement quality, but results into higher lurch. However, it can be modified further to reduce lurch. A set of such trajectories may be obtained for different driving conditions, for use in mechatronic system, for control of AMC. This approach is an alternative to costlier and more difficult method of real-time control of force trajectory during clutch engagement. Schematic implementation of proposed mechatronic system, with driver interface, is also outlined in this work.

7 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

021009   Titare L S;Singh P;Arya L D (Electrical Engineering Dep, Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, Email: lstitare@yahoo.co.in) : Genetic algorithm used for load shedding based on sensitivity to enhance voltage stability. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2014, 95(4), 337-43.

This paper presents an algorithm to calculate optimum load shedding with voltage stability consideration based on sensitivity of proximity indicator using genetic algorithm (GA). Schur's inequality based proximity indicator of load flow Jacobian has been selected, which indicates system state. Load flow Jacobian of the system is obtained using Continuation power flow method. If reactive power and active rescheduling are exhausted, load shedding is the last line of defense to maintain the operational security of the system. Load buses for load shedding have been selected on the basis of sensitivity of proximity indicator. The load bus having large sensitivity is selected for load shedding. Proposed algorithm predicts load bus rank and optimum load to be shed on load buses. The algorithm accounts inequality constraints not only in present operating conditions, but also for predicted next interval load (with load shedding). Developed algorithm has been implemented on IEEE 6-bus system. Results have been compared with those obtained using Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and its variant.

1 illus, 4 tables, 19 ref

021008   Thomas C;Jilani G (Mechanical Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Calicut-673 601, Email: jilani@nitc.ac.in) : Effect of variable thermal conductivity and overall loss coefficient on fin efficiency and entropy generation in an absorber plate fin. J Energy Heat Mass Transfer 2014, 36(1), 21-40.

The prime objective of the present numerical study is to examine the effect of temperature dependent thermal conductivity and overall loss coefficient on fin efficiency and total entropy generation rate in an absorber plate fin of a sheet and tube type solar collector. Accordingly, nonlinear, partial differential equation governing the temperature distribution in the absorber plate fin is solved using finite difference method. Numerical results obtained for variable thermal conductivity and overall loss coefficient are compared with those of constant ones. Finally, it is concluded that the assumption of constant thermal conductivity and overall loss coefficient results in over prediction of fin efficiency and total entropy generation rate. It is also observed that over prediction of fin efficiency and total entropy generation rate increases with increase in all involved thermo-geometric parameters with an exception that the over prediction of fin efficiency is independent of aspect ratio of absorber plate fin.

14 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

021007   Swaroopa S;Sravani A;Jain P K (NO, CSIR-Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi-110 025, Email: sikshaswaroopa@gmail.com) : Comparison of mechanistic characteristics of cold, mild warm and half warm mixes for bituminous road construction. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2015, 22(1), 85-92.

Hot mix asphalt (HMA) is used for construction and maintenance of bituminous roads in India. These mixes are prepared, laid and compacted at fairly high temperatures requiring high energy input. Higher green house gas (GHG) emissions in hot mix technologies are issues of concern and reasons of the quest among the researchers for development of low energy and environment friendly cold and warm mixes, involving use of cationic bitumen emulsion as binder. These are considered as sustainable alternative to hot mix asphalt, which have gained prominence due to their use for construction of rural roads. Cold mix asphalt (CMA) is compacted and laid at ambient temperatures. A mix compacted at 70-90°C temperature is known as half warm mix asphalt (HWMA). In the present study, a new type of mix named as mild warm mix asphalt (MWMA) is developed, where mix is compacted at 50°C instead of 70 to 90°C. This can be prepared, laid and compacted at 50-60°C, which saves energy and also contributes to carbon credit in road construction. This paper reports findings of a comparative study on laboratory performance of CMA, MWMA and HWMA. Performance tests such as indirect tensile strength, indirect tensile strength ratio, dynamic creep, beam fatigue and resilient modulus at different temperatures and rutting resistance by wheel tracking test at 45°C are conducted. Results of laboratory performance indicate that MWMA is better than CMA and comparable with HWMA.

7 illus, 5 tables, 24 ref

021006   Sreeramamurthy V;Dutta S;Padhy S;Bose A (NO, Proof and Experimental Estabilishment, DRDO, Chandipur-756 025, Email: v.sreeramamurthy@gmail.com) : Determining point of burst of artillery shells using acoustic source localisation. Def Sci J 2014, 64(6), 517-23.

Source localisation is a method to estimate position of a source. In case of acoustic source localisation (ASL), the location of sound source is estimated using acoustic sensors such as a microphone. In case of ASL, time difference of arrival (TDOA) from each pair of microphones is estimated. For any pair of microphones, the surface on which the TDOA is constant is a hyperboloid of two sheets. Then the source location is estimated at the point where all associated hyperboloids most nearly intersect. This concept has been used in our range in finding the point-of-burst of artillery shell using an array of sensors. In this paper, a simulation model has been developed to examine the applicability of acoustic source localisation for determining point-of-burst of artillery shells. The randomness in the model has been incorporated in terms of gustiness of downrange sea wind. The result of the simulation has been validated with trajectory data of projectiles tracked by radar. Finally, an acoustic sensor array-based setup has been developed and used for localising point-of-bursts.

11 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

021005   Song L;Yu Z (School of Civil Engineering, Central South Univ, 22 Shaoshan South Road, Changsha-410 075, Email: zhwyu@mail.csu.edu.cn) : Fatigue flexural behaviour of corroded RC beams strengthened with CFRP sheets. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2015, 22(1), 77-84.

An experimental study is carried out to investigate the fatigue flexural behaviour of corroded RC beams strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. The specimens are 200x120x1500 mm reinforced concrete beams. The results of this study indicate that the use of CFRP sheets for strengthening corroded RC beams is an efficient technique that can maintain the structural integrity and enhance the structural behaviour of such beams. The fatigue life of the CFRP strengthened corroded beams is found to increase by 1.24-1.56 times that of a similar unstrengthened corroded beam, but less than that of the uncorroded beam. The failure mechanism, fatigue of the steel reinforcement, remains the same in both strengthened and unstrengthened beams. Thus, this study suggests the possibility of predicting the fatigue life of the corroded beam with corroded steel bars fatigue models.

10 illus, 4 tables, 11 ref

021004   Singh R;Singh S (Production Engineering Dep, Gurunanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana-141 000, Email: rupindersingh78@yahoo.com) : Development of nylon based FDM filament for rapid tooling application. J Instn Engrs : Ser C 2014, 95(2), 103-8.

There has been critical need for development of cost effective nylon based wire to be used as feed stock filament for fused deposition modelling (FDM) machine. But hitherto, very less work has been reported for development of alternate solution of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) based wire which is presently used in most of FDM machines. The present research work is focused on development of nylon based wire as an alternative of ABS wire (which is to be used as feedstock filament on FDM) without changing any hardware or software of machine. For the present study aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) as additive in different proportion has been used with nylon fibre. Single screw extruder was used for wire preparation and wire thus produced was tested on FDM. Mechanical properties i.e. tensile strength and percentage elongation of finally developed wire have been optimized by Taguchi L9 technique. The work represented major development in reducing cost and time in rapid tooling applications.

6 illus, 8 tables, 10 ref

021003   Shunmuga Perumal P;Rhymend Uthariaraj V;Elgin Christo V R (NO, Ramanujan Computing Centre, Anna Univ, Chennai, Email: shunmugaperumal@auist.net) : Intelligent UAV-assisted localisation to conserve battery energy in military sensor networks. Def Sci J 2014, 64(6), 557-63.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are extensively used in military applications for border area monitoring, battle-field surveillance, tracking enemy troops, where the sensor nodes run on battery power. Localisation of sensor nodes is extremely important to identify the location of event in military applications for further actions. Existing localisation algorithms consume more energy by heavy computation and communication overheads. The objective of the proposed research is to increase the lifetime of the military sensor networks by reducing the power consumption in each sensor node during localisation. For the state-of-the-art, we propose a novel intelligent unmanned aerial vehicle anchor node (IUAN) with an intelligent arc selection (IAS)-based centralised localisation algorithm, which removes computation cost and reduces communication cost at every sensor node. The IUAN collects the signal strength, distance data from sensor nodes and the central control station (CCS) computes the position of sensor nodes using IAS algorithm. Our approach significantly removes computation cost and reduces communication cost at each sensor node during localisation, thereby radically extends the lifetime and localisation coverage of the military sensor networks.

9 illus, 3 tables, 20 ref

021002   Sheng J J (NO, , ) : Status of alkaline flooding technology. J Petrol Engng Technol 2015, 5(1), 44-50.

Very few review papers on alkaline flooding have been published in the petroleum literature. One paper gives an extensive review of caustic mechanisms to improve oil recovery, followed by a brief description of a few trials. The other paper summarizes the field tests completed, in progress and planned by 1983. This paper will not repeat a detailed discussion of mechanisms and a presentation of individual field projects. Only a brief summary of mechanisms is provided. It summarizes the overall performance of field projects from a statistical analysis. It focuses on the technical aspects of alkaline flooding which were not addressed from the previous reviews. Specially, this paper covers the following topics: Mechanisms of alkaline flooding, Alkaline reactions with oil, water and rocks, oil recovery versus acid number, oil recovery versus interfacial tension, technical screening criteria, laboratory and numerical simulation work, summary of field alkaline projects, problems associated with alkaline flooding, alkaline flooding in heavy oil reservoirs and remarks on future developments.

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021001   Sharma A K;Murty V V S N (Electrical Engineering Dep, NIT Kurukshetra, CC 12 NIT Campus Kurukshetra, Kurkshetra, Haryana, Email: ashwa_ks@yahoo.co.in) : Analysis of mesh distribution systems considering load models and load growth impact with loops on system performance. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2014, 95(4), 295-318.

The distribution system is the final link between bulk power system and consumer end. A distinctive load flow solution method is used for analysis of the load flow of radial and weakly meshed network based on Kirchhoff s Current Law (KCL) and KVL. This method has excellent convergence characteristics for both radial as well as weakly meshed structure and is based on bus injection to branch current and branch-current to bus-voltage matrix. The main contribution of the paper is: (i) an analysis has been carried out for a weekly mesh network considering number of loops addition and its impact on the losses, kW and kVAr requirements from a system, and voltage profile, (ii) different load models, realistic ZIP load model and load growth impact on losses, voltage profile, kVA and kVAr requirements, (iii) impact of addition of loops on losses, voltage profile, kVA and kVAr requirements from substation, and (iv) comparison of system performance with radial distribution system. Voltage stability is a major concern in planning and operation of power systems. This paper also includes identifying the closeness critical bus which is the most sensitive to the voltage collapse in radial distribution networks. Node having minimum value of voltage stability index is the most sensitive node. Voltage stability index values are computed for meshed network with number of loops added in the system. The results have been obtained for IEEE 33 and 69 bus test system. The results have also been obtained for radial distribution system for comparison.

26 illus, 11 tables, 28 ref

021000   Shah D P;Sahajpal S (Chemical Engineering Dep, Institute of Technology, Nirma Univ, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, Email: parin.shah@nirmauni.ac.in) : Resource conservation through thermal design of evaporative condensers. J Envir Res Dev 2013, 8(2), 335-41.

Condensers are an integral part of our industries. Condensers are used in industrial chemical processes, refrigeration, air conditioning, power plants and other heat-exchange systems. Cooling water or surrounding air is generally used as a cooling medium in most industries. Watercooled condensers are the most widely used condensers in the industries. But, water is a natural and depleting resource and has become a scarce commodity in many areas. Considering the conservation of natural resources like water, evaporative condensers may prove to be beneficial. Evaporative condensers consume very less water, about 5% of an equivalent water cooled condenser and can be considered as an attractive alternative in areas where water availability is a problem. An evaporative condenser uses a system of tubes which is exposed to a constant spray of water and fan-facilitated air flow to cool and condense hot refrigerant vapours. In this type of condenser, both air and water are used as a cooling medium. This paper highlights the fundamental principle and working of evaporative condensers. This paper discusses about advantages and disadvantages of evaporative condensers. A case study has also been discussed and detailed design calculations have been carried out manually. Rating of evaporative condenser has also been carried out.

4 illus, 1 table, 12 ref

020999   Senthilkumar P;Jayasankar S;Satisha;Dayananda G N (NO, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore-560 017, Email: skp@nal.res.in) : Shape control of SMA embedded GFRP beam using continuous sliding mode controller. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2015, 22(1), 7-15.

This study is directed towards realising shape control of composite structures with embedded shape memory alloy (SMA) wires. It has relevance by effecting large shape changes of wing skins in order to improve flow characteristics. In this work, a SMA wire actuators embedded glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) beam is fabricated and shape control of the beam with an adaptive and robust controller namely gain scheduled proportional integral (GSPI) and continuous sliding mode controller (SMC) are carried out. Performances of these two controllers are reported. From the experimental investigation it is found that the SMC and GSPI controllers are able to track the change in set point and it is also observed that improved accuracy and faster settling time are obtained with sliding mode controller.

17 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref

020998   Sarkar A;Roy J;Majumder A;Saha S C (Mechanical Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, Agartala-799 055, Email: sarkarabhijit2009@gmail.com) : Optimization of welding parameters of submerged arc welding using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) based on taguchi technique. J Instn Engrs : Ser C 2014, 95(2), 159-68.

The present paper reports a new procedure using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) based Taguchi method for the selection of the best welding parameters to fabricate submerged arc welding of plain carbon steel. Selection of best welding parameters is an unstructured decision problem involving process parameters for multiple weldments. In the present investigation, three process parameter variables i.e. wire feed rate (W_f), stick out (S_o) and traverse speed (T_s) and the three response parameters i.e. penetration, bead width and bead reinforcement have been considered. The objective of the present work is thus to improve the quality of the welded elements by using AHP analysis based Taguchi method. Taguchi L₁₆ orthogonal array is used to perform with less number of experimental runs. Taguchi approach is insufficient to solve a multi response optimization problem. In order to overcome this limitation, a multi criteria decision making method, AHP is applied in the present study. The optimal condition to have a quality weld (i.e. bead geometry) is found at 210 mm/min of wire feed rate, 15 mm of stick out and 0.75 m/min of traverse speed and also observed that the effect of wire feed rate on the overall bead geometry properties is more significant than other welding parameters. Finally, a confirmatory test has been carried out to verify the optimal setting so obtained.

4 illus, 16 tables, 33 ref

020997   Saikaew C;Baowan P (Industrial Engineering Dep, Khon Kaen Univ, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand, Email: charn_sa@kku.ac.th) : Surface finish improvement in ball nose end milling by optimizing operating conditions for different cutting times. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2015, 22(1), 38-50.

An important problem of ball nose end milling is degradation of the quality of machined surface for long run machining due to rapid tool wear. In this work, a practical solution to this problem by employing designed experiments (DOE) and response surface methodology (RSM) to determine optimal operating conditions with different tool cutting times is proposed. The significant cutting process factors and corresponding optimal operating conditions are found to depend on the cutting time. The machined surface finish produced by tools with different cutting times are verified by confirmation experiments and evaluated by pair comparison method at the optimal and non-optimal operating conditions. The results show that the optimal operating conditions of the process factors are different when machining with different cutting times. Surface roughness values are low and insignificantly different over a wider range of cutting time when machining at the optimal operating conditions. On the other hand, there are significant differences in all pair comparisons under non-optimal operating conditions. In addition, electron microscopic characterization confirmed that severe notch tool wear would not occur within short cutting time if the tool is operated at the optimal conditions. Therefore, the surface quality of machined parts as well as tool life could be effectively improved by the use of optimal operating conditions as a function of cutting time obtained by DOE and RSM.

9 illus, 9 tables, 38 ref

020996   Sahoo S;Laha M K (NO, Proof and Experimental Establishment, DRDO, Chandipur-756 025, Email: smrutikgp2011@gmail.com) : Coefficient of drag and trajectory simulation of 130 mm supersonic artillery shell with recovery plug or fuze. Def Sci J 2014, 64(6), 502-8.

In the present study, the drag variation and trajectory elements estimation of a supersonic projectile having two different nose shapes are made numerically. The study aims at finding the coefficient of drag and shock wave pattern for 130 mm artillery shell fitted with recovery plug or with fuze, when travelling at zero angle of attack in a supersonic flow of air. The coefficient of drag (C_D) obtained from the simulation is used as an input parameter for estimation of trajectory elements. The numerical results, i.e., the coefficient of drag at different Mach numbers and trajectory elements are validated with the data recorded by tracking radar from an experimental firing. Based on numerical results and data recorded in experimental firing, the coefficient of drag in the case of the shell with recovery plug is 2.7 times more than for the shell with fuze. The shock wave in the case of the shell with recovery plug is detached bow shock wave, whereas in the case of a shell with fuze, the shock is attached. The results indicate that the coefficient of drag increases with detached shock wave and an increase in the radius of the shell nose. Good agreements were observed between numerical results and experimental observations.

22 illus, 7 tables, 6 ref

020995   Sahoo S;Gopal M R (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721 302, Email: satyabrata111sahoo4@gmail.com) : Comparative study oncharge-discharge characteristics of different activated carbon based adsorbed natural gas storage systems. J Energy Heat Mass Transfer 2014, 36(1), 63-80.

A comparative study on eight, different, commercially available activated carbons, suitable as adsorbentsfor natural gas is presented. A one dimensional transient conduction model with suitable kineticsequation is formulated to simulate the performance of a tubular reactor filled with activated carbon and graphite (for heat transfer enhancement). The mathematical model duly considers the variation of specific heat of adsorbed phase and heat of adsorption with temperature and adsorption uptake. The performance of the ANG bed is evaluated in terms of delivery capacity and total heat input during discharge. It is found that of the eight adsorbents studied, Maxsorb III offers the best performance in terms of delivery capacity. However, the heat input required for discharge of NG is also highest for Maxsorb III. Results show that for all the adsorbents the delivery capacity decreases as the specific flow rate during discharge increases. It is expected that this study will be useful in the selection and design of ANG systems.

9 illus, 1 table, 22 ref

020994   Roman A;Ahmadi G (NO, , ) : Computational modeling of fluid flow through a fractured media under overburden pressures. J Petrol Engng Technol 2015, 5(1), 23-43.

Computational analyses were conducted to investigate fluid flow characteristics of a real fractured media. Finite element (FE) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses were implemented to carry out these computational analyses. The fractured media was exposed to external pressurization to predict permeability and asperity deformation. Furthermore, a series of CFD-FE analyses were also conducted to determine the reduction in permeability of the fractured media under the external pressure. An elastic-plastic model was embedded into the FE analyses to model the permeability hysteresis of the experimental data. A Newtonian viscous incompressible flow model was also implemented to quantify the effect of the flow properties. It was shown that the simulated permeability results captured the trend of the experiments; however, quantitative discrepancies were found. Finally, simulation results for the case of high pore pressures that may find application to hydraulic fracturing (fracking) were also reported.

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020993   Reddy P C (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological Univ Anantapur, College of Engineering, Muddanur Road, Pulivendula 516390, Andhra Pradesh, Email: pcreddy1@rediffmail.com) : New routing metrics for ADHOC network routing protocols. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2014, 95(4), 351-61.

The performance and reliability of Internet is measured using different quantities. When the quantities measured are essential and have wide range of acceptance then they are called metrics. Performance metrics enable comparison and selection among the alternatives. In computer networks, metrics are used to evaluate an application, protocol etc. Routing in adhoc networks is nontrivial. Routing protocols for adhoc networks are still evolving and there is need for continuous evaluation of them. In the literature existing, several routing protocols are evaluated using standard metrics under different conditions. This paper proposes new metrics for evaluation of routing protocols and uses them to evaluate the adhoc network routing protocols AODV, DSR, DSDV and TORA. Simulation environment is created using NS-2 simulator. Typical range of speeds, pause times and data rates are used. The results provide new insights in to the working of the routing protocols.

5 illus, 27 tables, 39 ref

020992   Raza K;Jothiprakash V (Computer Science Dep, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central Univ), New Delhi-110 025, Email: vprakash@iitb.ac.in) : Multi-output ANN model for prediction of seven meteorological parameters in a weather station. J Instn Engrs : Ser A 2014, 95(4), 221-9.

The meteorological parameters plays a vital role for determining various water demand in the water resource systems, planning, management and operation. Thus, accurate prediction of meteorological variables at different spatial and temporal intervals is the key requirement. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is one of the most widely used data driven modelling techniques with lots of good features like, easy applications, high accuracy in prediction and to predict the multi-output complex nonlinear relationships. In this paper, a Multi-input Multi-output (MIMO) ANN model has been developed and applied to predict seven important meteorological parameters, such as maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, sunshine hours, dew point temperature and evaporation concurrently. Several types of ANN, such as multilayer perceptron, generalized feedforward neural network, radial basis function and recurrent neural network with multi hidden layer and varying number of neurons at the hidden layer, has been developed, trained, validated and tested. From the results, it is found that the recurrent MIMO-ANN having 28 neurons in a single hidden layer, trained using hyperbolic tangent transfer function with a learning rate of 0.3 and momentum factor of 0.7 performed well over the other types of MIMO-ANN models. The MIMO ANN model performed well for all parameters with higher correlation and other performance indicators except for sunshine hours. Due to erratic nature, the importance of each of the input over the output through sensitivity analysis indicated that relative humidity has highest influence while others have equal influence over the output.

2 illus, 6 tables, 26 ref

020991   Rao T V H;Rao M S S S;Apparao B V; Satyanarayana K (NO, ANITS, Sangivalasa, Visakhapatnam-531 162, Email: tvhanumantharao@yahoo.com) : A study on design and analysis of hybrid vibration damper with energy harvesting and optimal damping effect. J Instn Engrs : Ser C 2014, 95(2), 97-102.

The basic purpose of a damper is to reduce the vibration and to have a better ride comfort, road handling and safety to the rider. Recent developments show that an active vibration damper can effectively work much better than a passive damper. The effectiveness and reliability can be further enhanced by using hybrid dampers, which is a combination of active and passive dampers. But the need to have energy optimization in any field need not be stressed. Consequently, novel suspension concepts are required, not only to improve the vehicle's dynamic performance, but also to see that the energy generated during vibration can be harvested by utilizing regeneration functions. Hence if a hybrid damper with energy harvesting capability be designed, it would serve both purposes. In the hybrid damper a combination of hydraulic damper to act as a passive damper and an electromagnetic (EM) damper to act as an active damper is considered. The hydraulic system has more reliability and is time tested and the EM system acts as a dynamic vibration system as well as energy harvester. In this study a hybrid EM damper is modeled, analyzed and validity is shown for frequency response functions and energy balance for its active use. It is also shown how the effectiveness of the suspension system can be enhanced by using a hybrid.

9 illus, 10 ref

020990   Popawala R;Shah N C (NO, C.K. Pithawalla College and Engineering and Technology, Surat-395 007, Email: reena.popawala@ckpcet.ac.in) : Condition assessment model for underground water mains performance. J Instn Engrs : Ser A 2014, 95(4), 195-201.

One of the greatest challenges facing by municipal engineers all over the world is condition assessment of underground water mains performance. As water mains are buried infrastructure, operated under pressure and most important it is inaccessible. In this situation, condition assessment of water mains is challenging as well as become mandatory to employ management strategies for these assets. This work presents the result of condition assessment of water mains performance by analytical hierarchy process modeling. The model was developed for data collected (2006-2011) from south-west zone of Surat city, India. The physical, operational and environmental main factors and 10 sub factors were selected to assess performance of water mains. The pair wise comparison matrices have been generated to make relative weights of each factor and their sub-factors. It represents relative importance of these factors among other factors. The pipe age is found highest relative contributing factor and pipe thickness is least relative contributing factor. The developed model generate results in terms of pipes condition on numeric scale, which is compared with linguistic scale and pipe condition is found like very risky, risky, adequate, good or excellent. The developed model is validated, which shows robust results of 86.4%, the average validity percentage. Hence, the model is expected to benefit practitioners to prioritize rehabilitation or replacement planning for water mains.

2 illus, 5 tables, 18 ref

020989   Poddar M G;Vinod Kumar;Sharma Y P (Electrical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee-247 667, Email: mohangpoddar@gmail.com) : Heart rate variability based classification of normal and hypertension cases by linear-nonlinear method. Def Sci J 2014, 64(6), 542-8.

The aim of this study is to analyse and compare the heart rate variability (HRV) of normal and hypertension cases using time domain, frequency domain, and nonlinear methods. For short term HRV analysis, a five-minute electrocardiogram (ECG) of 57 normal and 56 hypertension subjects were recorded with prior verification of their clinical status by a cardiologist. Most time domain features of hypertension cases have clearly reduced values over normal subjects, frequency domain features, like power in different spectral bands, also have the distinguishable decreased values, whereas sympathovagal balance has clear edge over hypertension cases than normal cases. Nonlinear parameters of Poincare plot, approximate entropy and sample entropy, have higher values in normal cases when compared with hypertension cases. Support vector machine-based binary system classifies these two classes with 100 per cent accuracy and 100 per cent sensitivity when all time domain, frequency domain, and nonlinear features were used. It may work as a better predictor for in patients with hypertension.

4 illus, 6 tables, 32 ref

020988   Poddar A;Ray A (NO, Wells Fargo Center, Bagmane World Tech. Center (SEZ), ORRI, Bangalore-560 037, Email: ayush.ricky@gmail.com) : Supplier selection: an intelligent approach. J Instn Engrs : Ser C 2014, 95(2), 169-77.

The aim of this research is to develop a generic model of intelligence and cognitive science-based method that can play an active role in selecting the best supplier in the supply chain management system. In this paper, an intelligent system was conceived for prediction of the best supplier from the set of suppliers in the supply chain management system. Initially, the proposed system incorporates the tangible and intangible data as inputs to the system in the fuzzy environment and acts as the source case. The target case consists of several criteria that influence the supplier selection process. The system calculates the similarities between the source and target cases and decides the best supplier by using fuzzy rule-based system. Finally, the weights of each supplier optimize the order quantities in the unstructured environment. The proposed expert system is superior to the traditional supplier selection and allocation of the ordered quantities and assists inexperienced users in predicting the best supplier within the shortest possible time.

14 illus, 3 tables, 24 ref

020987   Pawar A D;Sarup J;Mittal S K (NO, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, Email: apawar@nicmar.ac.in) : Application of GIS and RS for morphometric analysis of Upper Bhima Basin: a case study. J Instn Engrs : Ser A 2014, 95(4), 249-57.

This study presents a morphometric analysis of Upper Bhima Basin (UBB), located in state of Maharah-stra, India. Study area is in western part of Maharashtra State, which has a huge socio-economic impact as many towns and metros are emerged as important centres for employment, industrial hubs, and Information Technology (IT) parks. The study focuses only on the morphometric analysis of UBB. Analysis done using ArcGIS software, by digitizing the toposheets, georeferencing them and then analyzing in the GIS environment. The analysis revealed that the basin was of seventh order with dendritic type of drainage pattern. Results revealed that the value of bifurcation ratio R_b lies between 3 and 5. Values of drainage density range from 1.60 to 0.01 km/km^{2, indicating low drainage density. Average value of drainage density is 0.374 km/km2 for entire basin, so classifying the basin as coarse.}

9 illus, 4 tables, 13 ref

020986   Pattnaik R R;Rangaraju P R (ASCEE Dep, CAET, Odisha Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751 003, Email: rashmirpattnaik@gmail.com) : Investigation of flexure test of composite beam of repair materials and substrate concrete for durable repair. J Instn Engrs : Ser A 2014, 95(4), 203-09.

An experimental study was conducted on composite beam of repair materials and substrate concrete to investigate the failures of concrete repair due to differences in strength of repair materials and substrate concrete. In this investigation the flexural strength, load-deflection curves and failure patterns of the composite beam specimens are studied for the durability of the concrete repair. Flexure test was conducted to simulate tensile stress in the concrete repair material. Compressive strength and split tensile strength of the repair materials and substrate concrete are investigated to aid in the analysis of the concrete repair. It was observed that the repair materials of higher compressive strength than the substrate concrete are causing an incompatible failure in the concrete repair.

5 illus, 5 tables, 8 ref

020985   Pattanayak D N;Chakrabarti R N;Basu M (NO, Trident Academy of Technology, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, Email: mousumibasu@yahoo.com) : Economic environmental scheduling of hydrothermal power system. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2014, 95(4), 329-36.

This paper presents an interactive fuzzy satisfying method based on simulated annealing technique to determine the economic environmental scheduling of hydrothermal power system consisting of multi-reservoir cascaded hydro plants with time delay and thermal plants with nonsmooth fuel cost and emission level functions. This paper treats cost and emission as competing objectives. Assuming that the decision maker (DM) has fuzzy goals for each of the objective functions, fuzzy satisfying method based on simulated annealing technique is applied for generating a corresponding optimal noninferior solution for the DM's goals. Test results obtained from the proposed method are compared with those obtained by using evolutionary programming.

1 illus, 5 tables, 17 ref

020984   Patil S M;Ahuja B B (Production Engineering and Industrial Management Dep, College of Engineering, Pune [COEP], Shivaji Nagar, Pune-411 005, Email: sudhir.smp@gmail.com) : Tribological behaviour of PTFE under variable loading dry sliding condition. J Instn Engrs : Ser C 2014, 95(2), 179-85.

This is to study the tribological behaviour of materials subjected to variable and constant loading the pin-on-disk tribometer has been modified. This paper discusses the wear and friction behaviour of Poly Tetra Fluoro Ethylene (PTFE) operating under variable loading dry unidirectional sliding condition using the modified tribometer. The results under variable loading are compared with corresponding maximum, minimum and mean constant load situations. Wear and specific wear rate of PTFE subjected to variable loading under dry unidirectional sliding condition lies above those of corresponding mean constant load but no such comparative behaviour was observed for coefficient of friction.

6 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

020983   Paknahad A;Nourani R (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Babol Univ of Technology, Shariati Av.,, Babol, Mazandaran, Iran, Email: alipaknahad728@gmail.com) : Mix model of FE method and IPSO algorithm for dome shape optimization of articulated pressure vessels considering the effect of non-geodesic trajectories. J Instn Engrs : Ser C 2014, 95(2), 151-8.

The main essential topic for the design of articulated pressure vessels is related to the determination of the optimal meridian profile. This article, aimed to present the new model for optimum design of dome contours for filament wound articulated pressure vessels based on non-geodesic trajectories. The current model is a mix of finite element analysis and inertia weight particle swarm optimization algorithm. Geometrical limitations, stability-ensuring winding conditions and the Tsai-Wu failure criterion have been used as optimization constraints. Classical lamination theory and non-geodesic trajectories are used to analyse the field stress equations and increase the structural performance. The geometry of dome contours is defined by the B-spline curves with twenty-one points. The results, when compared to the previously published results, indicate the efficiency of the presented model in achieving superior performance of dome shape for articulated pressure vessels. Also, it is shown that the design based on non-geodesic trajectories using this model gains better response than the design by geodesies type.

11 illus, 1 table, 18 ref

020982   Padhy S;Panigrahi S (NO, Proof and Experimental Establishment, DRDO, Chandipur-756 025, Email: spadhy55@gmail.com) : Measuring projectile velocity using shock wave pressure sensors. Def Sci J 2014, 64(6), 499-501.

This paper deals with development of velocity measurement methodology based on projectile shock wave pressure measurements. The measurement principle is based on the fact that, whenever a projectile moves with supersonic velocity, shock wave fronts are produced along the trajectory of the projectile. Measurement configuration has been developed for measuring the shock wave pressure associated with projectile in flight, and hence, projectile velocity has been calculated. This paper covers various aspects of shock waves, generation of N Waves, feasibility study for capturing shock wave using dynamic microphone. Finally, suitable piezo-electric sensor has been selected and deployed in the trials and shock wave signature has been captured. From shock wave pressure, the projectile velocity has been computed.

5 illus, 6 ref