020065   Sadowski L (Faculty of Civil Engineering, Wroclaw Univ of Technology, Wroclaw, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Email: lukasz.sadowski@pwr.edu.pl) : Application of three-dimensional optical laser triangulation method for concrete surface morphology measurement. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2014, 21(6), 692-700.

Proper preparation of the surface of concrete is an important stage in the construction and renovation of building structures. Before placing a concrete topping it is essential to determine the morphology of the concrete base surface. This paper describes a novel application of three-dimensional (3D) optical laser triangulation method for investigation of the concrete surface morphology. It is demonstrated that the 3D optical laser triangulation method is highly suitable for the fast exploration of large stretches of concrete base. In this paper large size concrete floors specimens with the substrate surface prepared with different roughening techniques are considered. The novel 3D scanner is used to precisely analyze the morphology of a 50 x 50 mm surface for the purposes of the nondestructive identification of the pull-off adhesion of concrete layers in layered building elements. Height parameters are used to describe the concrete surface morphology.

9 illus, 1 table, 36 ref

020064   Ratnajeevan S;Hoole H (Electrical and Computer Engineering Dep, Michigan State Univ, 2120 Engineering Building, 428 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824-1226, USA) : Honest ethics for engineers: a new, realistic approach to teaching ethics codes. IETE Tech Rev 2014, 31(5), 317-26.

The teaching of ethics to engineering students is now mandated. Courses are centred around professional codes like the IEEE's (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer), not acknowledging that we operate in a grey area between the honest and the practical. This paper presents a new honest way in which ethics was taught at Michigan State University and lessons from that experience. Doing that liberated the teacher and students to grapple with real-life ethics issues. The codes are presented as ideals rather than absolute standards, teaching students to move towards the ideals. A social impact assessment exercise taught students to use honest estimates to reach useful conclusions in subjects where we lack competence. This exercise also teaches that data can be fiddled and fudged to support preconceived decisions. A SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis is taught bringing out the need in working life to operate ethically even when we lack full competence. A case study examines appointing preselected candidates after advertisement. Stereotypes, sexuality, and race were openly discussed getting students to make presentations thereby permitting the instructor to raise relevant questions for balance while obviating the need to take positions on divisive issues. Class activities are described. A course survey demonstrated students improving their ethical commitment.

3 tables, 35 ref

020063   Prasad P S;Kishor Kumar;Negi I S;Kathait A (Geotechnical Engineering Div, CSIR - CSRI, New Delhi-110 025) : Design of remedial measures at lukhbir slide on NH - 31A. J Engng Geol 2014, 38-9(2,1), 49-62.

Lukhbir slide sandwiched between two major drains located at km 26.8 on National Highway, 31-A (NH-31 A) is in active stage since 1968. It extents for about 400m along the road, 50-60m above the road & about 20-25m below the road. The prevention of landslide was important for uninterrupted & risk free traffic flow as well as for prevention of unwanted siltation to the dam being constructed on the Teesta flowing at the bottom of the slide toe. the lithology of the area includes the metamorphic rock, i.e. mainly mica schist, which is very fissile and breaks easily along its plane of schistosity. The rocks are in highly weathered conditions and in some locations they are found in the form of powder due to excess overburden pressure and availability of moisture. In addition, the slope has plentifully of seepage water which makes the slope more vulnerable to fail. As per Indian classification system the soil is classified as SW. The stability analysis and design of remedial measures of the uphill slope and downhill slope has been carried out by using GEO 5 software. The paper highlights the investigation of landslide & design of most suitable scheme of remedial measures which has been accepted and implemented by the users.

12 illus, 3 tables, 1 ref

020062   Pal S;Rath R;Shahri V;Nanda A (NO, Engineers India Limited, New Delhi, Email: r.rath@eil.co.in) : Treatment of geological hotspots in large underground storage caverns. J Engng Geol 2014, 38-9(2,1), 41-8.

The present paper outlines, the process of identification and the adopted approach to treat the geological hotspots during the underground excavation works for large underground storage caverns currently being executed in India.

5 illus, 2 ref

020061   Meena O P;Somkuwar A (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal-462 051) : Spectrum sensing methods for cognitive radio networks. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(1), 1-9.

Dynamic spectrum sensing is a challenging and necessary task in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN). It can detect presence of primary user (PU) who is having legacy right on licensed spectrum. Secondary User (SU) continuously or periodically senses the PU's spectrum and when it finds the spectrum idle it starts transmitting its own data. When the SU detects presence of the PU in the spectrum it stops transmission or switches to another idle frequency spectrum. The SU must maintain its transmission parameters like power level, frequency band used for data transmission etc., in such a way that it must not cause any interference in PU's transmission. The spectrum utilization efficiency and throughput performance of SUs depend on robustness and accuracy of spectrum sensing algorithms.Hence, in this paper a survey of spectrum sensing algorithms for Cognitive Radio (CR) is presented with their merits and limitations. To improve spectrum sensing performance and accuracy, some cooperative sensing techniques have been developed where many SUs share their detected information. The cooperative sensing techniques also reduce shadowing and fading effects on spectrum sensing.

^iia6 illus, 69 ref

020060   Mathur N K;Rahut A K;Sharma V B (Project Investigation Div, NHPC Ltd, Faridabad) : An approach in ground realization and spatial reconciliation of weak zones through core drilling. J Engng Geol 2014, 38-9(2,1), 153-65.

Utilization of underground space for infrastructure development is picking up the momentum day by day. Lot of Survey & Investigation is done to ascertain the feasibility of the projects and for preparation of Detailed Project Reports. But, in-spite of vast investigation activities carried out, the developers generally face problems during execution of any underground structure. The first step for investigation of underground structures after surface geological mapping is to conduct exploratory core drilling, because it provides the vital subsurface information. Obtaining maximum core recovery is of immense help to understand the subsurface geology. However, the significance of core loss is often more important than recovered core, because lost core may represent the worst conditions for design concepts. Core loss generally takes place due to the presence of weak features like sheared & fractured zones or in the very soft ground. During underground excavation negotiating through a shear zone or even partially encountering a shear seam of considerable thickness in overt portion sometimes pose critical problems. If a shear zone is encountered in a drill hole, generally the apparent thickness of shear zone is obtained along the drilling direction of the drill hole, however, the same data can be plotted in a cross section and the true thickness of the shear zone can be inferred. But, if the true thickness and disposition of a shear seam/zone is known in the initial stages at drilling site itself with the help of simple trigonometric method, it can be helpful in better understanding of the geological features and timely communication to the designers. In one hand where this exercise can be of immense help in understanding the subsurface weaker zones encountered during drilling, on the other hand in the highly disturbed regions with different stages of deformation this technique may be of least usage. Himalayas being young folded mountains are mostly in deformed state with occurrence of intermittent sheared and fractured zones along various set of discontinuities. Proper interpretation of the shear zones and assessment of its true thickness may lead to suitable preparedness for the challenging ground situation while excavation of underground structures. Through this paper the authors are proposing simplified techniques to be implemented in the field itself to obtain the true thickness of any weak feature encountered in the drill hole using trigonometry. This paper also emphasizes on modern approaches in core logging for ground realization and spatial reconciliation of weak features like shear zones with a case study of Tawang H E Project located in Higher Himalayas of Arunachal Pradesh.

5 illus, 1 table, 9 ref

020059   Liao D;Sun G;Anand V;Yu H (Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry o, Univ of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China) : Reliable design for stochastic multicast virtual network in data centres. IETE Tech Rev 2014, 31(5), 327-41.

Network virtualization enables multiple heterogeneous virtual networks (VNs) to coexist on a shared infrastructure. Mapping a VN onto a substrate network is a key issue in building a VN, and has been addressed by intensive research and algorithms. However, current research on designing VNs and VN mapping is suitable both for unicast service-oriented VNs with static or dynamic resource demand and for mapping multicast VNs (MVNs) with deterministic network resource requirement. In this paper, we investigate the online survivable mapping for stochastic MVN (SM-SMVN) requests in cloud-based data centres, in which the bandwidth demand x_i of the MVN request follows a normal distribution, i.e. X_i <126> N(μ, σ²_i). In this work, authors first model the SM-SMVN problem by using mixed integer linear programming (MILP) with the objective of minimizing mapping cost while considering load balancing. Then, we devise a heuristic algorithm SM-SMVN for tackling this NP-hard problem efficiently. The numerical results obtained from extensive simulation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach compared with the traditional over-provisioning solutions.

13 illus, 3 tables, 29 ref

020058   Liao D;Sun G;Anand V;Xiao K (Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications (Ministry o, Univ of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China) : Efficient provisioning of hybrid virtual network with stochastic resource demands. IETE Tech Rev 2014, 31(5), 342-52.

Network virtualization is a key technology to support multiple heterogeneous virtual networks (VNs) on a shared substrate infrastructure. Most current research on designing VNs and VN mapping is either efficient for unicast service-oriented VNs with static or dynamic resource demand, or suitable for mapping multicast VNs (MVNs) with deterministic network resource requirement. In this paper, we investigate the online mapping for stochastic hybrid VN (M-SHVN) requests in cloud-based data centres, where the requests consist of both multicast and unicast VN requests. We assume that the bandwidth demand x_i of the hybrid virtual network (HVN) request follows a normal distribution, i.e. x_i<126>N(μ_i, σ_i²). We devise a heuristic algorithm M-SHVN for tackling this NP-hard problem efficiently. The numerical results obtained from our extensive simulation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach compared with the traditional "over-provisioning" solutions.

11 illus, 14 ref

020057   Laosuwan T;Uttaruk P (Physics Dep, Taksila Research and Development Center for Energy and Environment Res, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand) : Estimating tree biomass via remote sensing, MSAVI 2, and fractional cover model. IETE Tech Rev 2014, 31(5), 362-8.

This research applied the combined techniques of remote sensing, modified soil-adjusted vegetation index 2 model (MSAVI2), and fractional cover (FC) model to estimate above-ground tree biomass. The study was conducted through the atmospheric correction of satellite. Using MSAVI2 model for classification of vegetation, a pixel value between 0 to 1 is taken as vegetation while a pixel value less than or equal to 0 is taken as non-vegetation. Using FC model for the classification of vegetation, pixel values were identified in the range 0-100. Through statistical method, data then were correlated with field data, generating the equation of y = 0.057e^0.046x. In addition, the equation and results of this study would be implications for further determining base line to calculate tree biomass under the Low Carbon University project at Mahasarakham University, Thailand.

9 illus, 3 tables, 29 ref

020056   Kannan P;Balamurugan K;Thirunavukkarasu K (NO, Vivekanandha College of Engineering for Women, Tiruchengode-637 205, Email: kannan28panneerselvam@gmail.com) : Expermental study on the effect of silver interlayer on dissimilar friction welds 6061-T6 aluminum MMC and AISI 304 stainless steel. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2014, 21(6), 635-46.

This study focuses on the influence of silver interlayer on the weld properties of dissimilar 6061-T6 Al MMC and AISI304 stainless steel friction welds. Aluminum MMCs are finding greater utility in automobile and aerospace industries. Significant features of Al MMCs that draw huge attention are considerable reduction in mass, prominent in engine parts, enhanced material properties, the strength and stiffness, improved lubrication characteristics and wear resistance, reduced thermal expansion coefficient etc. This positive facet of Al MMCs increase component durability and permit application in extreme service conditions. To boost up the application of aluminium MMCs in real time applications, it is essential to weld these specimens to other engineering materials especially steel. There are several works reporting the lacunas in fusion welding processes of dissimilar aluminium/steel joints, viz., preferential melting of the aluminum alloy and formation of brittle iron-aluminum intermetallics. However, friction welding process illustrates positive sign for its employment to join dissimilar aluminium/steel. Conversely, intermetallic formation is still of concern. Consequently, as an alternative to the prevalence over this problem, interlayer is introduced in this work and the influence of the introduced silver interlayer on the weldment is examined. The characteristics of silver interlayer influenced friction welds are compared with the silver free dissimilar friction welding process. The parameters such as friction pressure, heat generation during welding and friction coefficient are derived for the silver enriched welds. These derived parameters are compared with silver free welds. From this comparison, it is observed that the introduction of silver interlayer decreases friction coefficient and heat generation during welding. This effect reduces particle fracture and width of the softened zone regions. Decreasing the width of the softened zone and particle fracture increases the strength of the weld if the silver interlayer is formed at the bondline. Further, an attempt is made to develop a finite element model to analyze the temperature distribution happening during friction welding process.

15 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

020055   Kang-I C;Chin-Hsiang C;Wu S;Yeu-Long J; Tsung-Chie C (Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Dep, Tung Fang Design Institute, 110 Dongfang Rd., Henei Dist., Kaohsiung City 82941, Taiwan, Email: kic0205@gmail.com) : Effects of Ga addition on the wetting properties and tensile properties of Sn-Zn-Ag solder alloys. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2014, 21(6), 621-7.

Effects of Ga addition on the wetting properties and tensile properties of Sn-8.55Zn-0.5Ag-xGa lead-free solder alloys are investigated. The x content of the solders investigated is 0-3 wt %. The results indicate that Ga exhibits a prominent influence on the wetting behavior as well as the mechanical properties of the solders. The wetting properties are improved remarkably with the increase of the Ga content in the Sn-8.55Zn-0.5Ag lead-free solder. The tensile test shows that 1-2% Ga alloys have significant improvement in UTS, when compared with that of the binary Sn-Zn and Sn-Zn-0.5Ag alloys. As for Sn-Zn-0.5Ag, the addition of Ga elements has provided a good wetting force, wetting time and tensile strength.

9 illus, 2 tables, 31 ref

020054   Jin H;Guohua J;Qiang W;Haibing Z;Aimin T (Civil Engineering Dep, Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, China, Email: w-qiang@tsinghua.edu.cn) : Influence of early-age moist curing time on the late-age properties of concretes with different binders. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2014, 21(6), 677-82.

Influence of early-age moist curing time on the late-age properties including compressive strength, permeability to chloride ion, and porosity of concretes with different binders is investigated. Five different binders are adopted: pure cement, 50% fly ash replacement, 50% GGBS replacement, 50% steel slag replacement, and 10% silica fume replacement. Three curing conditions are adopted: moist curing till testing age, moist curing for 3 days, and moist curing for 7 days. The results show that decreasing the early-age moist curing time has negative effects on the late-age properties of most concretes by decreasing the compressive strength, increasing permeability and porosity. The negative effects are smaller at lower W/B. Binders with lower early activity are more sensitive to the early-age moist curing time. The late-age properties of the concrete with 50% fly ash replacement are greatly reduced by decreasing the early-age moist curing time.

10 illus, 2 tables, 18 ref

020053   Gaykar A;Nikam P;Velhal A;Kharade A;Dighe M S (NO, , Computer Engineering Dep, Pune Univ) : Real time application security by using opass security algorithm. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(1), 96-9.

Text password is commonly used for the user authentication on websites due to its convenience and simplicity. However, users' passwords are easily hack. Firstly, users often select weak passwords and reuse the same passwords across different websites. User continuously use same password causes a domino effect, when we will use one password, she will exploit it to gain access to more websites. Second, typing passwords into untrusted computers suffers password thief threat. An adversary can launch several password stealing attacks to snatch passwords, such as phishing, keyloggers and malware. We design a user authentication protocol named oPass which leverages a user's cellphone and short message service to thwart password stealing and password reuse attacks. oPass only requires each participating own phone number, and involves a telecommunication service provider in registration and recovery phases. Through oPass, users only need to remember a long-term password for login on all websites.

2 tables, 4 ref

020052   Gadhave Ashwini V;Patil Bhagyashri D;Surve Priyanka R;Patil Sneha B;Ghule S J (NO, Pune Univ, Shri Chhatrapati Shivaji College of Engineering, Rahuri Factory (Shrishivajinagar)) : Designing a 2D color barcode for mobile application. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(1), 104-7.

Paper presents designing a Color Barcode for Mobile Applications, 2D barcodes have gained popularity as one of the key pervasive technologies for mobile applications on smart phones. They can be used as shortcuts to URL links, a means to store contact information for easy transfer admission tickets or boarding passes and tokens for retrieving digital information, such as public transportation timetables or fresh produce production information, either directly from the barcode itself or through a networked database server. Most mobile applications use black-and-white 2D barcodes that carry only a limited amount of encoded data. A color barcode framework for mobile phone applications by exploiting the spectral diversity aborted by the cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y) print colorant channels commonly used for color printing and the complementary red (R),green (G), and blue (B) channels, respectively, used for capturing color images. Specifically, we exploit this spectral diversity to realize a three-fold increase in the data rate by encoding independent data in the C, M, and Y print colorant channels and decoding the data from the complementary R, G and B channels captured via a mobile phone camera. To mitigate the effect of cross-channel interference among the printcolorant and capture color channels, we develop an algorithm for interference cancellation. To estimate the model parameters required for crosschannel interference cancellation, we propose two alternative methodologies: a pilot block approach that uses suitable selections of colors for the synchronization blocks and an expectation maximization approach that estimates the parameters from regions encoding the data.

3 illus, 8 ref

020051   Deepika S;Lavanya G (ECE Dep, GSSSIETW, Mysore) : Unmanned aerial vehicle and applications using image processing. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(1), 92-5.

Unmanned Aerial Vehical (UAV) is an aircraft with no pilot onboard.UAV have great potential as a platform for acquiring very high resolution aerial imagery for disaster management. This paper presents the objectives to provide a summary of the current commercial, open source on UAV. It also describes the intelligence, reconnaissance, surveillances and real time applications of UAV in recent times.

7 illus, 9 ref

020050   Chatterjee B (NO, Consultant Engineering Geologist Ex-Director, Geological Survey of India) : Engineering geological investigation for slope stability problem at railway bench - excavation site near Rekho village, Dima Hasao district, Assam. J Engng Geol 2014, 38-9(2,1), 34-40.

The paper is regarding slope failure and mitigative measures undertaken for an excavation to house broad gauge railway line in Assam, India. Quite a large area was affected by the failure which was manifested by longitudinal cracks, subsidence, toe erosion etc. The nature of material was soil mixed with gravel, pebble, sand, silt and clay. The underlying bed rock was found to be sedimentary rocks belonging to Tipam sandstone, Surma shales/siltstone and Barail sandstone interlayered with shale. The subsoil water adversely affected the stability of the hill and cuttings. The paper also highlighted the effect of seepage on slope and stability. Remedial measures such as proper drainage, use of geosynthetic material, vegetation turfing, restoration of shotcrete surface and others have been suggested.

4 illus

020049   Canakci A;Erdemir F;Varol T;Ozkaya S (Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Dep, Engineering Faculty, Karadeniz Technical Univ, Trabzon, Turkey, Email: aykut@ktu.edu.tr) : Effect of process parameters on the formation of Fe-Al intermetallic coating fabricated by mechanical alloying. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2014, 21(6), 595-600.

Fe-Al intermetallic coatings have relatively high corrosion resistance, superior electrical resistivity and low thermal conductivity at elevated temperatures under oxidizing atmosphere. In this study, the Fe-Al coatings are fabricated on the steel substrate by mechanical alloying method. The steel substrate surface is hardened and activated as a result of the high-energy impact of balls. Formation of such intermetallic phase increase the local temperature and Fe-Al intermetallic phases are formed in the coating layer. The effects of milling speed, particle size and milling time on thickness of Fe-Al coatings in a planetary ball-mill are investigated by Taguchi method to determine the optimal conditions. Coating thickness is employed as the response to evaluate the effect of the coating parameters. It is found that an increase in the applied milling time and milling speed significantly affected the coating thickness and densification level of the deposited coatings while the particle size is found to be statistically insignificant. The results indicated that the milling time has the most significant contribution (81%) on the coating process while the milling speed time has a lower effect (19%).

4 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

020048   Bayazit M;Das P K;Tasdemir Y (Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Bozok Univ, Yozgat, Turkey, Email: yuksel.tasdemir@gmail.com) : Moisture susceptibility of warm mix asphalt. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2014, 21(6), 683-91.

In this study, moisture susceptibility characteristics of wax modified bitumens and warm mix asphalt (WMA) mixtures are determined. The asphalt mixtures are prepared with 50/70 penetration grade unmodified bitumen and modified bitumens with three different types of additives (Fischer Tropsch wax, montan wax and polyethylene wax) by weight of 6%. The moisture susceptibility characteristic of the four bitumens is determined with Sessile drop method and that for asphalt mixtures is determined with Nicholson stripping test on loose asphalt mixtures and Modified Lottman test on compacted asphalt mixtures. Furthermore, Marshall stability with different blow numbers of WMA mixtures are determined. The findings from all of these tests suggest that due to the Fischer Tropsch wax and montan wax modification the asphalt mixture become more moisture susceptible which correlates with the surface energy characterization. Interestingly, polyethylene wax modification shows positive moisture performance.

5 illus, 5 tables, 50 ref

020047   Asgari A;Golshani A;Bagheri M (Civil Engineering Dep, Tarbiat Modares Univ, Tehran, Iran, Email: ali.asgari@modares.ac.ir) : Numerical evaluation of seismic response of shallow foundation on loose silt and silty sand. J Earth Syst Sci 2014, 123(2), 365-79.

This study includes the results of a set of numerical simulations carried out for sands containing plastic/non-plastic fines, and silts with relative densities of approximately 30-40% under different surchargeson the shallow foundation using FLAC 2D. Each model was subjected to three ground motion events, obtained by scaling the amplitude of the El Centro (1940), Kobe (1995) and Kocaeli (1999) earthquakes. Dynamic behaviour of loose deposits underlying shallow foundations is evaluated through fully coupled nonlinear effective stress dynamic analyses. Effects of nonlinear soil structure interaction (SSI) were also considered by using interface elements. This parametric study evaluates the effects of soil type, structure weight, liquefiable soil layer thickness, event parameters (e.g., moment magnitude of earthquake (M_w), peak ground acceleration PGA, PGV/PGA ratio and the duration of strong motion (D_5-95)and their interactions on the seismic responses. Investigation on the effects of these parameters and their complex interactions can be a valuable tool to gain new insights for improved seismic design and construction.

9 illus, 5 tables, 47 ref

020046   An Q;Xu J;Wei Y;Chen M (School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, China, Email: qlan@sjtu.edu.cn) : Optimization investigation on surface roughness and its evolution with tool wear in dry turning of boron alloy cast iron. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2014, 21(6), 601-8.

Boron alloy cast iron (BACI) with good mechanical properties is usually used as cylinder liner material for heavy-duty diesel engines. Fine surface finish is often required for the machined surface of BACI cylinder liners. This study is mainly focused on the cutting parameters optimization on surface roughness and its evolution with tool wear in dry turning of BACI. Response surface methodology (RSM) involving central composite design is employed in the optimization of cutting parameters on surface roughness. An optimization parameter is determined with the consideration of the surface roughness and machining efficiency. The evolutions of tool wear and surface roughness are also investigated during BACI turning by using uncoated and PVD-TiAlN coated carbide inserts. The results indicate that RSM is effective for the optimization of cutting parameters on surface roughness. It is also confirmed that the PVD-TiAlN coated insert showed a good performance with long tool life and steady surface quality during BACI turning process.

11 illus, 5 tables, 18 ref

020045   Amali C;Jayaprakash D;Ramachandran B (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, SRM Univ, Chennai) : Enhanced media independent network selection for heterogeneous wireless networks. IETE Tech Rev 2014, 31(5), 392-404.

Technological advances in heterogeneous wireless networks require the optimized solution for network selection problem considering user, network, and service context. To solve this, IEEE 802.21 standard was developed to support accurate vertical handover mechanism by describing media independent handover Function (MIHF) as a unified interface between link layer and upper layers in multiple radio interface mobile terminal. MIH framework supports the network discovery process and handover triggering events based on the link layer intelligence. However, mobility, service, and user context need to be incorporated to improve the efficiency of MIH-based network selection strategy. MIH framework is extended by integrating its services with proposed multicriteria network selection scheme to obtain enhanced MIH (EMIH) framework. Thus, EMIH-based network selection scheme is formulated to facilitate seamless connectivity with guaranteed quality of service (QoS) and minimal handover rate. In this paper, network evaluation is carried out through multiplicative utility function, residual residence time estimation, and adaptive threshold to minimize the unnecessary handovers for high-velocity users. EMIH framework provides complete information about the link layer and application layer to provide optimal network selection to maximize the end user satisfaction. NS2.29 simulation is conducted to verify the performance of the proposed scheme in terms of packet loss, handover latency, and average throughput in comparison with constant threshold and simple MIH approaches.

9 illus, 2 tables, 16 ref

018975   Zhai S F;Jia S K;Huang Z;Qu J P (NO, The National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polyme, P.R. China) : Effects of continuous volume extensional flow on low density polyethylene/calcium carbonate nanocomposites. Asian J Chem 2014, 26(9), 2677-82.

In this paper, low density polyethylene (LDPE)/calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) nanocomposites were prepared both by Battenfeld screw extruder and vane extruder which is a kind of innovative equipment for polymer processing. Effects of the two processing equipment on the morphology, the thermal behaviour and the mechanical properties of the composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction and mechanical testing. SEM examinations showed that the nanocomposites extruded in the vane extruder had a smaller particle diameter and better effects on the distribution and dispersion mixing, compared with those extruded by the screw extruder. Correspondingly, it exhibited a higher degree of crystallinity, which was determined by DSC. Both the tensile and flexural properties of LDPE/CaCO₃ nanocomposites extruded by the vane extruder are much higher than that extruded by the screw extruder.

14 illus, 2 tables, 12 ref

018974   Upasana;Shaista P;Chakravarty A (Home Science (Food and Nutrition) Dep, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, Email: upasana87@gmail.com) : Effect of microwaving on different foods and biological systems. Asian J Home Sci 2014, 9(2), 650-4.

The use of microwave cooking is tremendously increasing day by day as it is convenient, fast and economical. But, various evidences shows that microwaves destroy the nutrients of food, may create carcinogens in food, and unnecessary exposure to radiation can create several health issues. On the other hand, several studies reveal that if the consumer follows safety instructions carefully then microwave cooking may result in food with nutrient quality similar to those cooked by other cooking methods. Food safety is an important health issue, thus, there is a need to deal with the various aspects of microwaving. In this context, this review paper focuses on the effect of microwave cooking on different food items and biological systems.

2 illus, 23 ref

018973   Tripathi A;Bahudar I;Shukla R K (Physics Dep, Lucknow Univ, Lucknow-226 007, Email: rajeshkumarshukla_100@yahoo.com) : Synthesis and characterization of Al₂O₃ doped polythiophene. Invertis J Sci Technol 2014, 8(1), 1-4.

Undoped and AI₂0₃ doped Polythiophene were synthesized by chemical route method. All the samples were characterized by fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. Photoluminescence spectra were recorded at excitation wavelength 325 nm. All the samples have mainly two visible peaks at 462 and 490 nm respectively. Peak position of all the peaks have been randomly shifted towards longer or shorter wavelengths. The PL of present sample may have several optoelectronic applications like organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), and photovoltaic cell etc.

2 illus, 12 ref

018972   Thomas S P;Jose A;Pius M;Pius M (NO, , ) : Hardware design using flexible HK-means. J Elect Des Technol 2015, 6(1), 30-5.

High performance hardware is required to meet the necessities of consumer electronics. Color quantization and image partition are an inevitable part for different applications, and HK-Means is the main algorithm that is used for color quantization and image partition owing to its low cost, less computational time and the hardware area required. The computational time and the hardware area increases as the quantization number increases. Hierarchical K-means or HK-Means is a solution to the above mentioned problem. HK-means offers less computational time and hardware area with quantization number. HK-Means hardware design is done in two steps which include hardware architecture analysis and design of hardware area with high quantization number.

018971   Suklabaidya S;Lochan K;Binoy K R (NO, , ) : Dynamic modelling and state-feedback control of a rotational base flexible link manipulator. J Elect Des Technol 2014, 5(3), 15-21.

In this paper, dynamic modelling of single-link flexible robot manipulator is presented using lumped parameter method in a different approach. Model is simulated using MATLAB/ SIMULINK. State feedback controller is used to control the hub angle and tip deflection. Effectiveness of the controller is shown with different payload. State feedback using pole-placement; work satisfactorily with the change in the feedback gain matrix.

018970   Sukhatme S P (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400 076, Email: sukhatme@iitb.ac.in) : Distribution functions to describe the variation of the present per capita electricity consumption in India and future needs with respect to the population. Curr Sci 2014, 107(11), 1806-10.

Present mean annual per capita consumption of electricity in India is only around 800 to 900 kWh. This is a low value and it is accepted that it will have to increase in the future to a mean value which could range from 1840 to 4000 kWh. This article is concerned with an aspect which has not received attention so far, viz. the nature of distribution of the consumption around the mean with respect to the population. Since no direct data are available, an attempt is made to deduce the present distribution in India from data available for the world as a whole. It is shown that the present variation can be approximated to be a Poisson-like Weibull distribution which is highly inequitable. The study also suggests a distribution for the future in which not only is the mean annual per capita value higher, but the variation can be approximated by a Gaussian-like Weibull distribution which is more equitable.

4 illus, 7 ref

018969   Srinivasan C R;Raghuveer M;Menezes R N (NO, , ) : Characteristic study of block and bleed valve in petrochemicals industries for the steam supply. J Petrol Engng Technol 2014, 4(3), 27-30.

This paper gives the idea of the use of the on/off valves in Petrochemical Industries for the steam supply. The on/off valves are used to block the inlet and the outlet side in the process when the pressure at the outlet is less than the inlet. The pressure switch is used to set identify the pressure drop and when the pressure is less than the set pressure the switch gets activated and the inlet and the outlet valve gets closed and the vent gets open. When the pressure is retained in the valve come to their original position. For this setup we are using an automated controller to avoid the manual interference during the process.

018968   Sirish T S;Sivanandan K S (NO, , ) : Realization of supporting device for afflicted human locomotion using pic-microcontroller. J Elect Des Technol 2015, 6(1), 1-7.

Many types of walking aids ranging from very simple one to highly complex ones in operation are widely available presently. The most desirable operating characteristics of such a system will be the one, which exhibits a characteristic similar to that of the human locomotion. The paper explain in detail about the development of the supporting device for two-fold purpose, i.e., supporting device with only locking/unlocking mechanism and supporting device with both locking/unlocking and leg movement driver mechanism. A supporting system for locomotion has been developed both for locking and unlocking situation of knee joint. The hardware used for developing such a system was explained in detail. The flowchart for the software developed on a PIC was also presented.

018967   Siddiqi M H;Ali R;Sattar A;Khan A M;Lee S (Computer Engineering Dep, Kyung Hee Univ, Suwon, 446-701, Republic of Korea) : Depth camera-based facial expression recognition system using multilayer scheme. IETE Tech Rev 2014, 31(4), 277-85.

The analysis of a facial expression in telemedicine and healthcare plays a significant role in providing sufficient information about patients such as stroke and cardiac in monitoring their expressions for better management of their diseases. Facial expression recognition (FER) improves the level of interaction between human-to-human communications. The human face has a major contribution for such types of communications, which consists of lips, eyes and forehead that are considered the most informative features for FER. There are some parameters that make FER a challenging task that includes high similarity among different expressions that makes it difficult to distinguish these expressions with a high accuracy. Moreover, most of the previous works used existing available standard datasets and all the datasets were pose-based datasets, and they have some privacy issues because of utilizing video (RGB) cameras. Accordingly, this work presents a multilayer scheme for FER to handle these issues. In the proposed FER system, we utilized a depth camera in order to solve the privacy concerns, and the accuracy of this camera is not affected by any kind of environmental parameters. Similarly, the depth camera automatically detects and extracts the faces based on the distance between the camera and subject. For global and local feature extraction, principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) were used. A hierarchical classifier was used, where the expression category was recognized at the first level, followed by the actual expression recognition at the second level. For the entire experiments, an n-fold cross-validation scheme (based on subjects) was employed. The proposed FER system achieved a significant improvement in accuracy (98.0%) against the existing methods.

4 illus, 8 tables, 43 ref

018966   Sharma V (Mathematics Dep, N.A.S.(P.G.) College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, Email: vireshsharma@yahoo.com) : Cost benefit analysis of a redundant system operating under different weather conditions. Invertis J Sci Technol 2014, 8(1), 58-61.

Author has considered a complex system composed of single repairable unit and operating in 'n' multiple environmental conditions. Due to environmental failure; the system may either go to complete breakdown stage or it may go to any one of the abnormal weather operation states.

4 illus, 3 tables, 4 ref

018965   Senthilkumar G;Balamurugan K;Mohanraj J (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathy-638 401, Email: senthil_3142@yahoo.co.in) : Emission characteristics of sunflower oil based bio-compatible blends of 2T oil. J scient ind Res 2015, 74(1), 48-51.

Environmental concerns have increased the interest in bio-lubricants which causes many manufacturers to reconsider vegetable oils as base stocks. In this work, the sunflower methyl ester formation by means of transesterification was studied. Taguchi's methodology (L subscript 9 orthogonal array) was chosen for the optimisation of the most important variables (molar ratio, catalyst concentration and stirrer speed) in transesterfication process. Maximum yield (90%) of sunflower methyl ester (SFME) percentage was obtained for the base oil-methanol molar ratio of 10:3 with 0.5% by weight of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) stirred at 1100 rpm. Lubricant properties of SFME were tested and emission test was performed in two stroke petrol engine with different blends of SFME and commercial 2T oil. Results showed that 20% SFME blend reduces nitrogen oxide (NOx) and unburned hydro carbon (HC).

1 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

018964   Rawat B;Sone M;Agarwal G (Electronics & Communication Dep, Invertis Univ, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh) : Securing data in fiber optics. Invertis J Sci Technol 2014, 8(1), 15-19.

Fiber optic has previously displayed unbeaten advantages, and was the most secure communication medium, but now it is very easy to tap fiber optic networks. There are a number of known methods of extracting or injecting information into a fiber, while avoiding its detection. Therefore it has become necessary to secure data in optical fiber. This paper provides securing data flowing in optical fiber through steganography. Steganography is a process that involves hiding a message in a carrier, then the carrier is sent to receiver without anyone else knowing that it contains a hidden message. The original files can be referred to as cover text, cover image, or cover audio. After inserting the secret message it is referred to as stego-medium. Then at the receiver original data is extracted from received data. This paper provides an overview of steganography and steganographic technique to secure data i.e. both image and text.

7 illus, 7 ref

018963   Rajesh Kumar;Amanpreet Kaur (NO, , ) : Novel high gain cavity backed micro strip-fed circular triangular - corner fractal antenna for UWB applications. J Elect Des Technol 2015, 6(1), 19-24.

In the current article, a novel micro strip-fed circular triangular corner fractal unidirectional antenna with high gain is proposed for ultra wideband (UWB) applications. This antenna consists of circular patch with triangular slot with three iterations. A prototype of antenna has been designed on FR4 substrate having dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness 1.6 mm. This reference antenna is then placed in a cavity made up of FR4 having thickness same as that of substrate of antenna. The gain of proposed antenna without cavity is on an average 4.146 dB and when placed in a cavity is 6 dB. There is maximum gain increase by 2.8 dB at 11 GHz using this technique. This proposed circular triangular corner fractal antenna with high gain cavity can be used for UWB system, microwave imaging, precision position system and radar tracking system since it covers a band of frequencies from 3.0481-16.388 GHz.

018962   Rajagopalan S;Upadhyay H N;Ragavan R; Amirtharajan R;Rayappan J B B (NO, , School of Electrical Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Univ, Email: raman@ece.sastra.edu) : Layer router for grayscale stego - a hardware architecture on FPGA and ASIC platforms. J scient ind Res 2014, 73(11), 701-3.

In the present era of secret communication, steganography has obtained a significant place in information security by means of offering variety of techniques for cleverly hiding the information. In addition to the existing hardware stego algorithms, an adaptive block hardware stego system has been proposed in this paper which follows a shortest path algorithm for performing secret concealment in grayscale images. The proposed image steganographic hardware architecture which adopts traversal procedures predominant in area routing has been implemented both in Stratix III FPGA as well as ASIC Platforms.

3 illus, 2 tables, 13 ref

018961   Prathiba V S;Katiki N;Singh S N (NO, , ) : Design of microsmart grid fuzzy controlled model for sustainable power supply in rural India. J Elect Des Technol 2015, 6(1), 8-13.

India is facing acute shortage of electricity especially in rural sectors due to shrinking of conventional grid supply. The expansion of grid network has become almost standstill due to depletion of raw material (i.e., fuel, coal, etc.) day by day. As a result, the sustainability of utility (grid) power supply to rural houses has become poor. In this paper, a fuzzy control-based microsmart grid model has been proposed and developed for Indian rural society to overcome such constraints by integrating renewable sources like solar, etc., with conventional grid. Attempt has been made to provide good quality 24 x 7 power supply to rural houses for a base load of 300 W with grid power saving up to 50% or more. Sensitivity analysis on varying load profile up to 1 kW on a prototype module has been done and implemented in an Indian village of Jharkhand. Impact study of rural electrification on generation of self/wage employment through vocational literacy classes among potential youth in rural society, has been carried out over a period of one year with encouraging results.

018960   Prajapati V M;Mecwan A I (NO, , ) : Implementation of audio streaming system using bluetooth standards. J Elect Des Technol 2014, 5(3), 22-30.

Bluetooth is one of the most famous short range wireless communication standards. Almost all modern electronic gadgets available in the market are equipped with Bluetooth support. Analog television or the I-pod or simple radio systems are the devices which are yet not equipped with such facilities. The paper discusses the embedded hardware which enables any analog or digital devices, which are capable of generating analog or digital signals, to send the signals to the audio headset using Bluetooth standards. The system is implemented using ARM's LPC2148 processor and LMX9838 from TI. The other possible methods for the implementation of the system are also discussed.

018959   Onwukwe S;Duru U;Obah B (NO, , ) : Performance of water injection in oil rim reservoir recovery factor. J Petrol Engng Technol 2014, 4(3), 31-8.

This study examines the potential improvements in recovery factors in optimizing oil production from oil rim reservoirs through water injection and without water injection (i.e. primary production) scenarios in the development strategies of the oil rim reservoirs. A generic simulation model developed from ECLIPSE dynamic simulator was used as core representative of oil rim reservoirs to experiment production optimization with and without water injection. Reservoir data of permeability, oil rim thickness, fluid properties, m-factor, aquifer strength and process parameters sampled from the Niger Delta oil field were used and a placket-Burman Design of experiment (DOE) was used to give a central sensitivity results from the simulation runs. Recovery factors were obtained for the two different production scenarios: primary production and production under water injection. Regression analyses were carried out on the experimental results to generate proxy equations for recovery factor for the two production scenarios. It was observed that the use of water injection is irrelevant for oil rims with active water aquifer. However, water injection will increase the ultimate recovery of oil rim reservoirs under weak aquifer.

018958   Niu S Y;Cui H H;Shen X T;Wu M L (Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China, Email: wenzhangggg@126.com) : Studies on the interaction mechanism of morin-co(II) with DNA and preparation of electrochemical DNA biosensor. Asian J Chem 2014, 26(9), 2578-82.

Fabrication and electrochemical characterization of a sensitive and novel DNA electrochemical biosensor for the detection of the specific target DNA fragment with a new prepared indicator was presented. The sensor was based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with a carboxylic acid group (MWNTs-COOH) as the signal hybridization detection enhancement element. The well dispersed MWNTs were dripped onto the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface firstly to prepare MWNTs/GCE. Oligonucleotides with the 5'-amino group were covalently bonded to the carboxyl group of carbon nanotubes. Cyclic voltammetry was used to characterized the modified electrode. The hybridization events were monitored by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) analysis using a novel electroactive intercalator Morin-Co(II) as an indicator. The specific coliform DNA fragment was detected by the proposed biosensor with a good linear range and a lower detection limit. The linear range is from 2 x 10^{-9 M to 5 x 10-10 M with a detection limit of 8.1 x 10-11 M (3σ, n = 7). Moreover, the sensor presentes excellent stability and a high repeatability.}

6 illus, 27 ref

018957   Naha R K;Othman M (Communication Technology and Network Dep, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia) : Brokering and load-balancing mechanism in the cloud - revisited. IETE Tech Rev 2014, 31(4), 271-6.

The demand for cloud computing has greatly increased in the past few years due to the offering of computing as a service form. The vendor-dependent implementation of cloud service providers, cloud interoperability, is an immense concern for cloud users as well as service providers. Another issue is the difficulty of selecting an appropriate provider considering the specific user requirements and a diverse vendor centric approach. Besides the standardization process, one of the most significant current discussions in cloud computing is the cloud-brokering service. Cloud brokering is having a positive impact in choosing an appropriate provider along with the capability to handle cloud-to-cloud communication. From the recent proposals, we re-evaluate the brokering and load-balancing algorithms with a generated workload. This study produced results that corroborate the findings of a great deal of the previous work in this field. The current findings of recent works add to a growing body of literature on cloud-brokering and load-balancing algorithms. In this paper, we revisited existing cloud-brokering algorithms in order to propose a new cloud-brokering architecture with the enhancement of brokering algorithms to improve brokering performance. Another contribution is to identify the best combination of all the proposed algorithms based on the processing time and response time.

4 illus, 3 tables, 15 ref

018956   Nagammai S;Prasanna Kumar S V;Latha S (NO, , ) : Design of digital controller for an unstable CSTR process. J Elect Des Technol 2014, 5(3), 1-6.

Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) plays a vital role in almost all the chemical industrial processes. CSTR is a highly nonlinear process exhibiting stable and unstable steady state at different regions. Control of the temperature of the CSTR process in the entire operating range is a difficult task. This paper deals with the design of a digital pole placement controller for a jacketed chemical reactor system which is an open loop unstable system due to the effect of scale-up on the steady state and dynamic characteristics. The proposed pole placement digital controller is capable of providing system stability and also provides set point tracking and disturbance rejection. A 1 DOF and 2 DOF digital pole placement controller is designed using the transfer function approach for the specified constraints namely peak overshoot and rise time. The simulation result shows the feasibility of using the proposed controller for control of the unstable CSTR process.

018955   Mundhada C;Kulkarni A;Nandi S;Barshettiwar N (NO, , ) : Wax deposition profile estimation in production pipeline. J Petrol Engng Technol 2014, 4(3), 18-26.

Wax deposition has been a major challenge in flow assurance of paraffinic crude oils. A major problem occurs because of a decrease in the bulk oil flowing and pipe wall temperatures. Wax deposits form when the temperature of the produced fluid falls below the wax appearance temperature or the cloud point temperature. Problems like pipeline plugging, increased pumping pressure and reduction in production rates are very common. Sophisticated mechanical and chemical techniques are available in order to prevent and clean the wax deposits in the pipeline. Proactive measures can limit the magnitude of damage. This paper gives an overview of various wax deposition mechanisms, mitigation options, paraffin dispersant usage, and wax deposition profile estimation using HYSYS. Further, a theoretical method is proposed to optimize the consumption of paraffin dispersant during the pipeline cleaning operations. Static wax deposition model of HYSYS was used to simulate the wax deposition in surface pipelines. The results revealed that the model with its tuning capability could be a practical tool in assessing the risk associated with wax deposition in the upstream production system.

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018954   Manoj Kumar;Sanjeev Kumar (NO, USICT, Guru Govind Singh Indraprastha Univ, New Delhi) : Design of 4-2 and 5-2 compressor with I4T full adder. Invertis J Sci Technol 2014, 7(4), 210-14.

In this paper new designs of low power 4-2 and 5-2 compressors circuits have been reported using 14 transistors (I4T) full adder circuit. Compressors are critical component of the multiplier circuit and significantly influence the overall multiplier speed. A 4-2 compressor circuit designed with I4T adder shows power consumption of 578.87 pW with maximum delay of 611.27 ps. Further 5-2 compressor circuit shows power consumption of 595.92 pW with maximum output delay of 885.74 ps. Simulation has been carried out using SPICE based on TSMC 0. 18μm CMOS technology. The proposed compressor circuits have been compared with earlier reported circuits in terms of power consumption, delay and power delay product (PDP). Present circuits have improved performance as compared to previous circuits.

5 illus, 4 tables, 12 ref

018953   Manikandan R;Rajkumar S P (NO, , ) : Voltage and power quality control in wind power application by dynamic compensation. Trends electl Engng 2014, 4(1), 1-8.

Power quality problem is a critical problem in a power system. Most of the pollution problems created in power system is due to the nonlinear nature of loads. Due to large amount of non-linear equipment, impact and fluctuating loads (such as locomotive, arc-furnace, welding equipment, etc.); wind power as a rule, does not contribute to voltage regulation in grids. Also wind power very often is a source of voltage sag or swell. The power systems are often considered weak in that they possess relatively low short-circuit ratio, compared to a grid. Network voltage control becomes a challenging task as a result. The loads are also sensitive to short-duration disturbances in the form of voltage sags or swells. The use of STATCOM in improving voltage quality of isolating power systems is considered. The compensators are used to mitigate the effects of momentary voltage sags/swells.

018952   Mangat V;Vig R (Univ Institute of Engineering and Technology, Punjab Univ, Chandigarh-160 014) : Dynamic PSO-based associative classifier for medical datasets. IETE Tech Rev 2014, 31(4), 258-65.

Association rule mining is a data mining technique for finding actionable and novel patterns from databases. Rules are simple to understand and can be easily used for classification. For such a system to be widely adopted, it should give output that is correct and comprehensible. With the explosion of information, databases have become humongous containing a large number of records and attributes. Traditional methods of classification need to be modified to give output that is satisfactory to end users. This paper discusses a rule mining classifier based on a Dynamic Particle Swarm Optimizer. Due to its seeding procedure, concept of regions and their regrouping, it disallows premature convergence and provides a better value in every dimension. Quality evaluation is done both for individual rules and for entire rule sets. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm in comparison with other state-of-the-art associative classifiers. Results demonstrate competitive performance of the proposed method.

2 illus, 2 tables, 34 ref

018951   Kumar A;Kachhwaha S S;Mishra R S (National Phytotron Facility, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Delhi, Email: ashokshukkla1501@gmail.com) : Steady state thermal analysis of gas turbine power plant cycles at higher temperatures. J scient ind Res 2015, 74(1), 52-7.

Increasing the cost of fuels, growing concern of global warming and increasing demand of electrical energy, a compact, less polluting and efficient gas turbine power plant with regenerator and a suitable Waste Heat Recovery Steam Generator (WHRSG) presents a very attractive concept. Developments in metallurgical sciences, protective coatings and cooling methods have provided the options to design the components and a higher Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT) may be achievable in near future. A design and analysis methodology for thermodynamic evaluation of the gas turbine cycles has been developed, validated and applied for the analysis. The analysis reveals that a higher TIT (1900K) is possible to achieve higher performance (70% first law efficiency and 55% second law efficiency) with lower fuel consumptions and pressure ratio (20).

3 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

018950   Kui-Ying Y;Fa-Long S;Sheng-Hua Z;Changchun Z (NO, Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology, Nanjing 210039, China) : PAR model SAR image interpolation algorithm on GPU with CUDA. IETE Tech Rev 2014, 31(4), 297-305.

Resolution of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is limited by imaging hardware. To improve SAR image resolution, interpolation needs to be carried out on a SAR image. An image interpolation algorithm with a good effect incurs a high computational cost and cannot be used in a real-time scenario. This paper applies Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) to speed up the piece-wise autoregressive model image interpolation algorithm for acquiring high-quality SAR images. A partial differential is used to carry out image de-noising. After de-noising, divide the image interpolation based on a local window of a piece-wise autoregressive model: the SAR image is first divided into many 9 x 9 small local windows. For each window, a CUDA thread is launched to interpolate using the autoregressive interpolation algorithm. Gradient descent algorithm is used to estimate parameters of the autoregressive model in the first- and second-round interpolation. Numerical simulation indicates that this GPU-based parallel algorithm can interpolate a 2592 x 1944 image within 1/110th of the time used by a CPU-based serial algorithm. Moreover, the computation time saved increases with the image size. The experimental results show that the method in this paper can achieve high-quality image interpolation in a low computation time.

9 illus, 1 table, 13 ref

018949   Krishna V V;Joshi S R (NO, , ) : Intelligent wells: reservoir next-gen innovation. J Petrol Engng Technol 2014, 4(3), 1-8.

Intelligent wells are a game-changing tool to the oil industry, which helps us reach our goal of getting maximum oil production with minimum cost in the safest and fastest way possible. This gives us the ability to monitor and remotely be aware of the downhole condition and respond quickly to any pressing issues either expected or unexpected in the reservoir performance. It was basically introduced to deal with the water production and later modified to help accelerate production, overall recovery and maintain and control the well system remotely. This paper deals with all the major aspects of intelligent wells, giving the scope of its work frame along with the changes made to it with time. The design and automation are explained along with the challenges faced and benefits gained from it through extensive literature survey.

018948   Kang A S;Vig R (UIET Dep, Panjab Univ, Chandigarh, Email: askang_85@yahoo.co.in) : Simulation analysis of modified filter bank multicarrier for physical layer cognitive radio under radio environment. Invertis J Sci Technol 2014, 7(4), 235-45.

In the present day world of wireless communication scenario, some spectrum bands are highly utilized while many remain moderately utilized or rarely occupied. The cognitive radio is a new paradigm to overcome the persisting problem of spectrum underutilization. Seeing the ever increasing demand of wireless applications, the radio spectrum is a valuable resource and in cognitive radio systems, trustworthy spectrum sensing techniques are required to avoid any harmful interference to the primary users. As cognitive radio has the capability to utilise the unused spectrum holes or white spaces so, there is a tremendous need to scan the large range of spectrum either for interference management or for primary receiver detection. Dynamic Spectrum Access techniques need to be implemented for the sake of better radio resource management and computational complexity analysis of multirate filter bank cognitive radio, where BER and Eb/No are the performance metrics or governing parameters to affect the system performance using polyphase filter bank. The present paper deals with the simulation and performance analysis of modified Filter Bank Multicarrier for the Physical Layer Cognitive radio under the radio environment.

9 illus, 25 ref

018947   Kamljeet Kaur;Amanpreet Kaur (NO, , ) : Hexagonal Sierpinski gasket antenna with a microstrip feed line and a stub for UWB applications. J Elect Des Technol 2015, 6(1), 14-8.

In this paper a Sierpinski gasket hexagonal antenna is proposed with a feed line having a stub attached to it. Three iterations of the proposed antenna geometry were done and with this improved feeding technique for four resonant bands of operation from 2.86 to 3.3 GHz, 3.758-4.313 GHz, 7.514-8.5468 GHz and 12.352-10.976 GHz were obtained. The antenna is suitable for ultra wideband (UWB) and radiolocation applications. The proposed antenna was designed in CST MWS V10 and it shows a gain of 5.93 dB, 5.95 dB, 4.63 dB and 5.53 dB at the respective four bands of operation.