020981   Naveen P (NO, Reliance Infrastructure, Singrauli, Madhya Pradesh, Email: potnoor@gmail.com) : Implementation of central bar bending yard: a case study on 6 x 660 MW sasan UMPP. J Instn Engrs : Ser A 2014, 95(4), 259-68.

Central bar bending yard is implemented for the first time in India in power plant construction by Reliance at Sasan ultra mega power project by use of fully automatic Computer Numerical Control (CNC) based machines for improved project quality, automated precise rebar processing, low wastage of material and less labor dependency.

20 illus, 7 tables, 8 ref

020980   Nagammal S;Dhanalakshmi K;Latha S (NO, , ) : Design of model-based controllers for a CSTR process. J Instrum Technol Innovation 2015, 5(1), 13-20.

The objective of this paper is to propose suitable control strategies for controlling highly nonlinear system represented by the mathematical model of the jacketed continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with so called Van de Vusse reaction. The operating point of the reactor is chosen so as to give maximum yield of the desired product. The mathematical model of reactor is obtained by considering the feed flow rate (Fr) as the manipulated variable and the reactor product B concentration (CB) as the controlled variable. In this proposed work design of various controllers such as conventional PID, internal model control (IMC) and Model predictive controller (MPC) is made. The time domain performance specifications are compared. The simulation is provided to substantiate the superior performance of MPC over PID and IMC. The performances of the designed controllers are tested for both servo and regulatory operation. The simulation is carried out using MATLAB to control the modeled process.

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020979   Muthuvel S;Saravanasankar S;Sudhakarapandian R;Muthukannan M (NO, Kalasalingam Univ, Krishnankoil-626 126, Email: muthuvel.s@gmail.com) : Numerical and experimental analysis on inorganic phase change material usage in construction. J Instn Engrs : Ser A 2014, 95(4), 231-8.

This work demonstrates the significance of Phase Change Material (PCM) in the construction of working sheds and product storage magazines in fireworks industries to maintain less temperature variation by passive cooling. The inorganic PCM, namely Calcium Chloride Hexahydrate (CCH) is selected in this study. First, the performance of two models with inbuilt CCH was analysed, using computational fluid dynamics. A significant change in the variation of inner wall temperature was observed, particularly during the working hours. This is mainly due to passive cooling, where the heat transfer from the surroundings to the room is partially used for the phase change from solid to liquid. The experiment was carried out by constructing two models, one with PCM packed in hollow brick walls and roof, and the other one as a conventional construction. The experimental results show that the temperature of the room got significantly reduced up to 7 °C. The experimental analysis results had good agreement with the numerical analysis results, and this reveals the advantage of the PCM in the fireworks industry construction.

7 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

020978   Murugesan A;Thirugnanam G S B (Civil Engineering Dep, Sona College of Technollogy, Salem-636 005, Email: murugesan_stru2004@yahoo.co.in) : Experimental investigation on conventional and retrofitted with FRP wrapped RC beam subjected to cyclic loading. Pollut Res 2014, 33(2), 389-95.

When a RC moment-resisting frame is subjected to seismic load, the possible inelasticity is concentrated either in beams or in the beam-column joint regions. This is depends on not only the flexural capacity ratio of beams to column but also the details of both longitudinal and transverse reinforcement in the joints which affects significantly the shear strength and stiffness of the frame. Hence it is necessary to maintain the integrity of the beam column joints. Damage of the joints in the frame can result in instability of the structure and poor overall structural response. It has been shown that severe damage and collapse of many RC framed building in recent earthquakes are the results of poor reinforcement details of beam-column joints. This paper presents the seismic performance of the reinforced concrete beam designed for seismic loads as per IS 1893-2002 with and without retrofitting of FRP and ductility recommendations are adopted as per IS 13920-1993. Four specimens were cast with and without retrofitting and tested under cyclic loading, simulating earthquake actions. The beams are examined in terms of load carrying capacity, load deflection behavior, stiffness degradation factor, energy dissipation capacity, ductility factor and cracking characteristics. Based on the test results important conclusions are drawn and the advantages of retrofitting with FRP wrapped reinforced concrete beam have been established.

11 illus, 8 ref

020977   Mayadevi N;Ushakumari S S;Vinodchandra S S (Electrical Engineering Dep, College of Engineering Trivandrum, Trivandrum, Email: maya@cet.ac.in) : SCADA-based operator support system for power plant equipment fault forecasting. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2014, 95(4), 369-76.

Power plant equipment must be monitored closely to prevent failures from disrupting plant availability. Online monitoring technology integrated with hybrid forecasting techniques can be used to prevent plant equipment faults. A self learning rule-based expert system is proposed in this paper for fault forecasting in power plants controlled by supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system. Self-learning utilizes associative data mining algorithms on the SCADA history database to form new rules that can dynamically update the knowledge base of the rule-based expert system. In this study, a number of popular associative learning algorithms are considered for rule formation. Data mining results show that the Tertius algorithm is best suited for developing a learning engine for power plants. For real-time monitoring of the plant condition, graphical models are constructed by K-means clustering. To build a time-series forecasting model, a multi layer preceptron (MLP) is used. Once created, the models are updated in the model library to provide an adaptive environment for the proposed system. Graphical user interface (GUI) illustrates the variation of all sensor values affecting a particular alarm/fault, as well as the step-by-step procedure for avoiding critical situations and consequent plant shutdown. The forecasting performance is evaluated by computing the mean absolute error and root mean square error of the predictions.

6 illus, 3 tables, 26 ref

020976   Mandal A K;Sinha O P (Metallurgical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology, (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, Email: arup9180@yahoo.co.in) : Review on current research status on bottom ash: an Indian prospective. J Instn Engrs : Ser A 2014, 95(4), 277-97.

India focuses on attention towards "greener and cleaner" environment surrounding us. For that, the engineers and scientists have joined hands together to accept the challenges for recycling wastes from industries. The generation of Bottom Ash (BA) from thermal power plants which are being increased day by day and facing disposal and environmental problems. In spite of that, it is being used as landfills which has no commercial value, but now needs to think on its utilization as useable supplementary materials. But from the literature survey, it was found that a little amount of research have been carried out on BA in the area based on its adsorption capability of dyes; pelletization efficiency of cold bonded aggregate; compressive strength, durability, water absorption characteristics and density variation in concrete and mortar; in order to ensure its usage as adsorption as well as construction material. The present paper deals with a critical review on BA as an adsorbent, light weight aggregate as well as partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete. In addition, physical and chemical properties, transportation and disposal mechanism and environmental effects are also discussed.

18 illus, 13 tables, 93 ref

020975   Luthra S;Garg D;Haleem A (Mechanical Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra-136 119, Email: sunilluthra1977@gmail.com) : Empirical analysis of green supply chain management practices in Indian automobile industry. J Instn Engrs : Ser C 2014, 95(2), 119-26.

Environmental sustainability and green environmental issues have an increasing popularity among researchers and supply chain practitioners. An attempt has been made to identify and empirically analyze green supply chain management (GSCM) practices in Indian automobile industry. Six main GSCM practices (having 37 sub practices) and four expected performance outcomes (having 16 performances) have been identified by implementing GSCM practices from literature review. Questionnaire based survey has been made to validate these practices and performance outcomes. 123 complete questionnaires were collected from Indian automobile organizations and used for empirical analysis of GSCM practices in Indian automobile industry. Descriptive statistics have been used to know current implementation status of GSCM practices in Indian automobile industry and multiple regression analysis has been carried out to know the impact on expected organizational performance outcomes by current GSCM practices adopted by Indian automobile industry. The results of study suggested that environmental, economic, social and operational performances improve with the implementation of GSCM practices. This paper may play an important role to understand various GSCM implementation issues and help practicing managers to improve their performances in the supply chain.

2 tables, 28 ref

020974   Liu X;Le Q;Zhang Z;Bao L;Cui J (Key Lab of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern Univ, 314 Mailbox, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China, Email: qichil@mail.neu.edu.cn) : Effects of Nd/Gd ratio on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Nd-Zr alloys. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2015, 22(1), 14-22.

Three Mg-Gd-Y-Nd-Zr alloys with different Nd/Gd ratios (0.2, 0.5 and 1) are prepared by metal mould casting method. The microstructures and mechanical properties have been investigated. The Nd/Gd ratio has a great influence on the volume fraction of the second phase of the Mg-Gd-Y-Nd-Zr alloys. Volume fraction of the second phase increases with the Nd/Gd ratio increasing. The mechanical properties of the alloys do not get decreased when the Nd/Gd ratio rises up. It should be ascribed to the equal cumulative effect of solid solution strengthening and second phase strengthening. The as-extruded Mg-6Gd-3Y-6Nd-0.6Zr has the best mechanical properties and lowest Gd addtion, and its ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation are 336 MPa, 300 MPa and 2.5%, respectively.

10 illus, 2 tables, 34 ref

020973   Lin C P;Chen C N;Wang Y M;Tsai C H;Tsai C T (Civil Engineering Dep, National Pingtung Univ of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan, Email: wangym@mail.npust.edu.tw) : Spatial distribution of soil erosion and suspended sediment transport rate for chou-shui river basin. J Earth Syst Sci 2014, 123(7), 1517-39.

In this study, a Physiographic Soil Erosion-Deposition Model (PSED) is applied for better management of a watershed. The PSED model can effectively evaluate the key parameters of watershed management: surface runoff discharge, suspended sediment transport rate, quantity of soil erosion, and spatial distribution of soil erosion and deposition. A basin usually contains multiple watersheds. These watersheds may have complex topography and heterogeneous physiographic properties. The PSED model, containing a physiographic rainfall-runoff model and a basin scale erosion-deposition model, can simulate the physical mechanism of the entire erosion process based on a detailed calculation of bed-load transportation, surface soil entrainment, and the deposition mechanism. With the assistance of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the PSED model can handle and analyze extremely large hydrologic and physiographic datasets and simulate the physical erosion process without the need for simplification. We verified the PSED model using three typhoon events and 40 rainfall events. The application of PSED to Chou-Shui River basin shows that the PSED model can accurately estimate discharge hydrographs, suspended sediment transport rates, and sediment yield. Additionally, we obtained reasonable quantities of soil erosion as well as the spatial distribution of soil erosion and deposition. The results show that the PSED model is capable of calculating spatially distributed soil erosion and suspended sediment transport rates for a basin with multiple watersheds even if these watersheds have complex topography and heterogeneous physiographic properties.

20 illus, 8 tables, 38 ref

020972   Kumar S;Chaturvedi D K (Electrical Engineering Dep, Faculty of Engineering, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, Email: sanjeev.85ee@gmail.com) : Optimal power flow solution using GA-fuzzy and PSO-fuzzy. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2014, 95(4), 363-8.

The power flow problem deals with certain controllable variables that are adjusted to minimize operating costs, while satisfying operating limits on various controls, dependent variables and function of variables. This paper presents an efficient and reliable nature inspired based approach to solve the optimal power flow (OPF) problems. The proposed approach employs the integration of Fuzzy Systems with genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for optimal setting of OPF problem control variables. The proposed approach has been applied on the modified IEEE 30-bus test system with minimizing the operating costs of system. The results have been compared with the results reported in the literature.

9 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

020971   Krishna B T (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological Univ Kakinada, Kakinada-533 003, Email: tkbattula@gmail.com) : Electrocardiogram signal and linear time-frequency transforms. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2014, 95(4), 377-82.

The diagnostic analysis of non-stationary multi component signals such as electrocardiogram (ECG) involves the use of time-frequency transforms. So, the application of time-frequency transforms to an ECG signal is an important problem of research. In this paper, initially, linear transforms like short time Fourier transform, continuous wavelet transforms, s-transform etc. are revisited. Then the application of these transforms to normal and abnormal ECG signals is illustrated. It has been observed that s-transform provides better time and frequency resolution compared to other linear transforms. The fractional Fourier transform provides rotation to the spectrogram representation.

6 illus, 10 ref

020970   Kong L;Du Y (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao Univ, Shijiazhuang, 050043, China, Email: konglijuan_888@163.com) : Effect of lightweight aggregate and the interfacial transition zone on the durability of concrete based on grey correlation. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2015, 22(1), 111-19.

The impermeability and frost-resistance of concrete prepared with different water-binder ratios containing different types (shale ceramsite, fly ash ceramsite and clay ceramsite), particle sizes (5-10 mm, 5-16 mm and 5-20 mm) and prewetting degrees (dry, 1 h pre-wetted and saturated) of lightweight aggregate (LWA) are evaluated. The microhardness and pore structure of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) are also investigated, and the grey correlation theory is adopted to analyze the effect of LWA and ITZ with multi-factors on the durability of concrete. The results show that, the particle size of LWA and porosity of the ITZ have the highest correlation degree with the chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete, and their ri are higher than 0.9, which indicates that both of them have a significant effect on the impermeability of concrete. Moreover, the prewetting degree of LWA should be decreased as far as possible, on the premise of meeting the concrete workability. Because the strong water absorbing force of LWA may help lower the porosity and increase the microhardness of the ITZ. For the frost-resistance of concrete, the strength of LWA is the dominant influencing factor, which suggests the significance of the frost-resistance of LWA itself, especially for concrete with a high water-binder ratio. In this study, the frost-resistance of concrete prepared with clay ceramsite, which has the lowest strength, is the worst. Furthermore, a dense ITZ is also good for the frost-resistance of concrete. Thus, the LWA with high strength and low water content can be used to prepare concrete with a high frost-resistance. The grey correlation model provides a new idea for the optimum selection of LWA to prepare highly durable concrete.

5 illus, 6 tables, 24 ref

020969   Jeyakumar S;Marimuthu K;Ramachandran T (Mechanical Engineering Dep, PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul-624 622, Email: kmk_jai@yahoo.com) : Optimization of machining parameters of A16061 composite to minimize the surface roughness-modelling using RSM and ANN. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2015, 22(1), 29-37.

The A16061/SiC_p metal matrix composites are most frequently used for automobile and aerospace applications and the end milling operations are performed to achieve the better surface roughness of these composites. It is difficult to achieve required surface roughness on these composites due to their hardness. By considering the spindle speed (s), feed rate (f), depth of cut (d) and nose radius (r) and as predominant parameters and are optimized to achieve required surface roughness. In this regard, a versatile prediction model is required to determine the surface roughness of the composite considering the effect of machining parameters. In this research work, the response surface method (RSM) and an artificial neural network (ANN) based prediction models are developed to determine the surface roughness (R_a) of A16061/SiC_p and the performance of the RSM and ANN models are compared with experimental results for their effectiveness. The genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization of machining parameters for the RSM and ANN models are also carried out to minimize surface roughness. The results of the GA optimal parameters are analyzed for the convergence of various crossover and mutation probabilities and also to find the better prediction model.

4 illus, 9 tables, 23 ref

020968   Hussain I;Alam M S (NO, , ) : Effect of variation in LPG composition on heating value using aspenhysys. J Petrol Engng Technol 2015, 5(1), 51-7.

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is becoming an increasingly important part of the world's energy sources. The determination of the heating value of LPG is of great economic importance in domestic and industrial purposes. This paper discusses the effects of impurities (e.g., moisture, H2S) and the presence of other hydrocarbons (e.g., ethane, pentane, propene, and butene) on the heating value of LPG fuel with different propane to butane. Different LPG composition (propane:butane) of 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, and 20:80 are used in this study. In addition, comparative studies of two mercaptans used as leakage identifiers and two inhibitors used for hydrate formation reduction are examined. Aspen-HYSYS process simulator is used to determine the heating value.

020967   Gupta S (Architecture and Regional Planning Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721 302, Email: sumana@arp.iitkgp.ernet.in) : Facilities for passenger movement of decongest underground stations. J Instn Engrs : Ser A 2014, 95(4), 269-76.

Underground rail network partially solves surface congestion problems in busy cities. Presently it is becoming overcrowded causing inconvenience to passengers at interchanges in the city cores especially during peak hours and at junction points. A conceptual model is suggested which can be adopted as an integral part of the under ground system to take care of this problem in particular and for greater sustainability of the entire transit system. The concept is to facilitate the passengers desiring interchange to avoid major junctions, to move between junctions, to reduce time of journey, to reduce detour according the situations through which a route moves. Primarily the model proposes additional connection between chosen stations mechanized with the help of travellators. The approach to decentralize the crowd can have several advantages. Firstly it allows smooth passenger dispersal. It helps in faster movement of passengers to destination. The model may be adopted in various situations with required modifications. This will result in accommodating more trips, comfortable journey and higher sustainability of the mass transit system. The problem and a feasible method of handling it have only been identified in this paper through review of the plans. An in-depth analysis for practical applicability of the proposed model in different stations has not been conducted. Feasibility study is necessary to be conducted before the implementation of the model at specific junctions. The concept proposed in the paper is different from the existing crowd handling methods and it provides a sustainable long term solution.

3 illus, 13 ref

020966   Gupta P K D;Pattnaik S;Nayak M (NO, Proof and Experimental Estabilishment, DRDO, Chandipur-756 025, Email: pkdasgupta@gmail.com) : Inter-level spatial cloud compression algorithm. Def Sci J 2014, 64(6), 536-41.

Static images of colour clouds play an important role to predict weather conditions to schedule proof and trial activities, and deploying resources at firing locations and observation posts. In this paper, a new inter-level cloud compression architecture and algorithm has been presented. Distributed architecture suitable for cloud computing has been suggested to implement inter-level compression algorithm (ILCA). Different possibilities between two successive cloud images have been combined to save the images of interest for further processing, ignoring the redundant ones. Vector quantisation technique is briefly discussed to achieve high level of compression. The algorithm presented in this paper can be easily modified to store flying, floating, and moving objects in air, water, and surface, respectively with high level of compression in various defence applications.

3 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

020965   Gupta A;Hari Singh;Walia R S (Mechanical Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra 136 119, Email: anurag_k2@yahoo.com) : Effect of fillers on tensile strength of pultruded glass fiber reinforced polymer composite. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2015, 22(1), 62-70.

Glass fiber reinforced polymer composite have several advantages over steel and conventional concrete structures such as high strength-to-weight ratio, good stiffness, good corrosion resistance etc. Fillers and fibers are used as reinforcing element to enhance the mechanical properties of polymer composite. In this paper effect of fillers (carbon black, bagasse fiber and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on tensile strength of pultruded glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite has been investigated. All three fillers are mixed with each other according to design of experiment scheme and after proper mixing of these powder form fillers, from this filler mixture 15% of the resin weight is mixed in the unsaturated polyester resin matrix. Taguchi L9 orthogonal array (OA) has been used for experimentation and ANOVA is used for analyse. Experiments are performed on an indigenously designed and developed pultrusion process setup. It has been observed that as the bagasse fiber content increases the tensile strength of pultruded GFRP composite increases and tensile strength reduces with the increasing content of CaCO3 and carbon black. The optimum level of all three fillers are investigated and a confirmation experiment are performed which gives 291.5 MPa tensile strength of pultruded GFRP composite.

7 illus, 7 tables, 17 ref

020964   Goyal M;Kumar S (Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Manav Rachna International Univ, Faridabad, Email: enthusk@yahoo.com) : Improving the initial centroids of k-means clustering algorithm to generalize its applicability. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2014, 95(4), 345-50.

k-means is one of the most widely used partition based clustering algorithm. But the initial centroids generated randomly by the k-means algorithm cause the algorithm to converge at the local optimum. So to make k-means algorithm globally optimum, the initial centroids must be selected carefully rather than randomly. Though many researchers have already been carried out for the enhancement of k-means algorithm, they have their own limitations. In this paper a new method to formulate the initial centroids is proposed which results in better clusters equally for uniform and non-uniform data sets.

6 illus, 7 tables, 12 ref

020963   Gorantiwar V S;Shrivastava R L (Mech. Engg Dep, Rajiv Gandhi College of Engg. Research & Technology, Babupeth, Chandrapur-442 403, Email: vinodsg@hotmail.com) : Transformation of Indian sponge iron industry vis-a-vis quality management: a literature review. J Instn Engrs : Ser C 2014, 95(2), 187-91.

Since the last 30 years, the Indian Sponge Iron (SI) industry has grown by leaps and bounds. Though the sector has undergone rapid growth in recent past, the growth graph is not likely to be sustained due to multiple geo-political and other related factors. Besides, the opening up of the economy has given unprecedented importance to the issues pertaining to quality at all levels i.e. from raw material to the product, without forgetting the actual processing that takes place in the industrial units. In view of absence of a clear cut, valid and reliable quality management framework for the SI industry, this review was carried out to determine the research gaps and further research needs specifically for this sector. The literature review indicated that there is a dearth of literature pertaining to SI industry in general and the quality management issue in this industry in particular. Hence, there is a need to identify critical factors that govern the quality in the SI industry, specifically for the Indian industries. Furthermore, the use of mathematical models are also desired so as to improve its application on wider scale.

1 table, 22 ref

020962   Ding J;Wang S;Gu Y;Xu G;Liu H;Cui H;Xu X (College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong Univ of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266 590, Email: dingjianxu@126.com) : Influence of MoO₄<. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2015, 22(1), 105-10.

A series of KDP crystals are grown by rapid growth method by altering the concentrations of the MoO₄^{2- in the range from 0 to 500 ppm (mol ratio). The growth habits of the KDP crystals suggest that MoO₄2- possess the similar effect with metallic cations, which can inhibit the growth of prismatic faces of KDP crystal. Lower concentrations of MoO₄2- could induce liquid inclusions in the prismatic sector. The liquid inclusions overlapped with each other. However, higher concentrations of MoO₄2- can cause detached rod-like liquid inclusions in the pyramidal sector. With a rise of MoO₄2- concentration, the static extinction ratio of KDP crystals decreased, and the full width at half maximum of the rocking curves is broadened. MoO₄2- enhanced the transmittance in the range of 200-400 nm for prismatic sector, which is attributed to that MoO₄2- is prone to be absorbed onto (100) face, and consequently blocked and the entrance probability of metallic cations into KDP crystal. The conoscopic interference indicates the optical homogeneity of KDP crystal is spoiled by MoO₄2-. Additionally, MoO₄2- can increase the density of light scatters and the size of single light scatter.}

7 illus, 24 ref

020961   David R M;Shama K;Nayak K P (Electronics and Communication Engineering Dep, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, Karnataka, Email: rajiv.md@manipal.edu) : An efficient model of DSSS system using multirate and data rate transition techniques. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2014, 95(4), 287-93.

In this paper, an analytical and simulated approach has been developed for evaluating the performance of Bit Error Rate (BER) of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS). It is also demonstrated in this paper that how BER can be minimised using Rate Transition techniques. The work uses effective spreading sequence to achieve variable data rate transmission. In this research work, blind detection of the user signal has been considered assuming the receiver has prior knowledge of the user's spreading code and is synchronised by using increased matched filter gain. Thus, it is not required to control the information to be transmitted along with the user signal. An attempt has also been made to show that how bandwidth utilisation has been halved using multirate techniques. This innovative research findings make use of implementing an efficient DSSS with reduced BER.

8 illus, 8 tables, 23 ref

020960   Das B M;Gogoi S B (NO, , ) : Relating IFT with oil recovery with special reference to Bhogpara porous media of upper Assam Basin. J Petrol Engng Technol 2015, 5(1), 1-8.

Study examines the effect of surfactant flooding through the porous media of Bhogpara core sample for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The work will try to examine the interfacial tension (IFT) of the aqueous phase in which a surfactant is added and the oleic phase, which is the paraffin oil. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) was noted at the minimum IFT. The highlight of this work is that with the reduction of IFT the oil recovery was observed to be the maximum in a water-flooded porous medium. This results in substantial increase in the amount of petroleum obtainable from a given porous media and thereby leads to EOR. The surfactant used is black liquor (BL), which is cheap, locally available, and emanates as an effluent from Nowgong Paper Mill, Jagiroad, Assam, India.

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020959   Choudhury S K;Sa P K;Majhi B;Biswal T K (NO, Proof and Experimental Estabilishment, DRDO, Chandipur-756 025, Email: suman.winter@gmail.com) : Set down study of projectile in flight through imaging. Def Sci J 2014, 64(6), 530-5.

Deformation study of projectile immediately after firing is essential for its successful impact. A projectile that undergoes more than the tolerated amount of deformation in the barrel may not produce the requisite results. The study of projectile deformation before its impact requires it to be imaged in flight and perform some computation on the acquired image. Often the deformation tolerance is of the order of tens of micrometer and the acquired image cannot produce image with such accuracy because of photographic limitations. Therefore, it demands sub-pixel manipulation of the captured projectile image. In this work the diameter of a projectile is estimated from its image which became blur because of slow shutter speed. First the blurred image is restored and then various interpolation methods are used for sub-pixel measurement. Two adaptive geometrical texture based interpolation schemes are also proposed in this research. The proposed methods produce very good results as compared to the existing methods.

4 illus, 6 tables, 12 ref

020958   Chern-Sheng L;Te-Neng K;Nin-Chun C;Nan-Jou L; Shiaw-Wu C (Automatic Control Engineering Dep, Feng Chia Univ, Taichung, Taiwan, Email: lincs@fcu.edu.tw) : Quality improvement to the spinless coating process of touch panel with taguchi methods. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2015, 22(1), 23-8.

This study applied the Taguchi method to determine the optimal process parameters of the spinless coating for touch panels, and used a fishbone diagram to determine the factors influencing quality characteristics. Factors were then selected according to prior experience, and an appropriate orthogonal array was created according to the selected factors before the experiment. The results indicated that photoresist is the critical material in the optical lithography imaging technology of the touch panel process, which is uniformly coated by a spinless coater onto a glass substrate according to the designed circuit pattern. It is formed after the exposure, development and etching processes. Finally, as coating parameters significantly influence film thickness quality, the experimental data record is analyzed to determine the optimal process parameters, and thus, reduce the probability of defective products and repairs. Improved coating parameters render photoresist film thickness uniform to within 3%, and control the long-term level of product obsolescence below 0.2%, thus, reducing touch-screen production costs.

4 illus, 4 tables, 17 ref

020957   Chaudhury D;Singh Y (Earthquake Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Email: deepsihachaudhury6@gmail.com) : Performance-based design of RC frame buildings with metallic and friction dampers. J Instn Engrs : Ser A 2014, 95(4), 239-47.

Supplemental energy dissipation is a technique of earthquake resistant design and for improving the seismic performance of existing buildings. In the present study, a comprehensive design methodology for performance based design of frame buildings with metallic and friction dampers has been proposed. In this study, the target performance level is aimed to achieve both in terms of inter-storey drift and plastic hinge rotation. A non-iterative step-by-step design procedure is proposed to achieve the target performance level. The methodology provides the design yield forces in case of metallic dampers, and slip forces in case of friction dampers. A satisfactory distribution of both types of dampers along the height of the building is also provided in the methodology. The efficiency of the proposed design methodology is validated by applying to a ten storey building and performing nonlinear time history analysis. The building, with and without dampers, is subjected to five spectrum compatible time histories with peak ground acceleration of 0.24 g and the relative performance of the building with the two types of dampers is studied.

5 illus, 6 tables, 29 ref

020956   Chatterjee D;Das S P (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600 036, Email: d_chatterjee@cmeri.res.in) : Transient mixed convection heat transfer around three isothermal square cylinders in cross-flow at low reynolds numbers. J Energy Heat Mass Transfer 2014, 36(1), 1-19.

The objective of this work is to numerically investigate the influence of cross buoyancy on the flow and heat transfer characteristics around three equal isothermal square cylinders arranged in a staggered fashion in an unconfined medium. Transient two-dimensional numerical simulations are performed in this regard with a finite volume code based on the SIMPLEC algorithm in a collocated grid system. The pertinent dimensionless parameters, such as the Reynolds and Richardson numbers are considered in the range of 50 ≤ Re ≤ 150, and 0 ≤ Ri ≤ 5. The representative streamlines, vortex structures and isotherm patterns are presented and discussed. It is observed in general that the introduction of thermal buoyancy causes drastic change in the flow and thermal field patterns. In addition, the overall drag and lift coefficients, dimensionless vortex shedding frequency and average Nusselt numbers are determined to elucidate the effects of Reynolds and Richardson numbers on the flow and heat transfer characteristics. The heat transfer rate increases monotonically with Re and Ri, so also the vortex shedding frequency.

10 illus, 17 ref

020955   Bhongade A S;Khodke P M (NO, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai-400 053, Email: ajay_bhongade@rediffmail.com) : Genetic algorithm for flow shop scheduling with assembly operations to minimize makespan. J Instn Engrs : Ser C 2014, 95(2), 89-96.

Manufacturing systems, in which, several parts are processed through machining workstations and later assembled to form final products, is common. Though scheduling of such problems are solved using heuristics, available solution approaches can provide solution for only moderate sized problems due to large computation time required. In this work, scheduling approach is developed for such flow-shop manufacturing system having machining workstations followed by assembly workstations. The initial schedule is generated using Disjunctive method and genetic algorithm (GA) is applied further for generating schedule for large sized problems. GA is found to give near optimal solution based on the deviation of makespan from lower bound. The lower bound of makespan of such problem is estimated and percent deviation of makespan from lower bounds is used as a performance measure to evaluate the schedules. Computational experiments are conducted on problems developed using fractional factorial orthogonal array, varying the number of parts per product, number of products, and number of workstations (ranging upto 1,520 number of operations). A statistical analysis indicated the significance of all the three factors considered. It is concluded that GA method can obtain optimal makespan.

6 illus, 5 tables, 37 ref

020954   Bhat S;Ramesh Babu D R;Rangarajan K; Ramakrishna K A (NO, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru-560 078, Email: shubha22@gmail.com) : Algorithm to estimate scale weights of complex wavelets for effective feature extraction in aerial images. Def Sci J 2014, 64(6), 549-56.

Research on vision-based navigation of unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) has been in focus in the recent years, both in military and civilian application domains. Vision-based navigation uses features as cues to match successive images and compute the location of the UAV. The method proposed in this paper is an extension to the existing work to automatically compute scale weights of dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT) coefficients to improve the performance in terms of detection of features as against discrete wavelets or its Fourier counterparts. Existing DTCWT coefficients give improved time-shifted sensitivity, better directional selectivity with local phase information and limited redundancy. However, the drawback of this method is that the results depend on appropriate selection of scale weights α and β, which are different for different scenes. The existing technique incorporates a rule of thumb-based recommended values of α and β, irrespective of the scene which generates too many key-points, making the registration process computationally intensive. As a real-time application, the need of the problem is to extract less number of strong features. Thus, an algorithmic approach to compute optimal values of scale weights considering precision and accuracy is proposed. The method is tested on various synthetic, simulated, and aerial images having different transformations and in the presence of noise between successive images. It is observed that DTCWT descriptor performs the best and gives better results than scale invariant feature transform and Speeded up robust features.

6 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

020953   Behera R;Patil B B;Panigrahi B P (Electrical Engineering Dep, Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology Sarang, Dhenkanal-759 146, Email: b_rabindra@yahoo.co.in) : Long term load forecasting of an Indian grid for power system planning. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2014, 95(4), 279-85.

This work incorporates the identification of model in functional form using curve fitting and genetic programming technique which can forecast present and future load requirement of an Indian grid. Here new fitness function has been used in the genetic algorithm, the forecasting result has been compared with other model to find suitability of a model in this regional environment.

9 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

020952   Basu M (Power Engineering Dep, Jadavpur Univ, Kolkata, Email: mousumibasu@yahoo.com) : Artificial bee colony optimization for short-term hydrothermal scheduling. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2014, 95(4), 319-28.

Artificial bee colony optimization is applied to determine the optimal hourly schedule of power generation in a hydrothermal system. Artificial bee colony optimization is a swarm-based algorithm inspired by the food foraging behavior of honey bees. The algorithm is tested on a multi-reservoir cascaded hydroelectric system having prohibited operating zones and thermal units with valve point loading. The ramp-rate limits of thermal generators are taken into consideration. The transmission losses are also accounted for through the use of loss coefficients. The algorithm is tested on two hydrothermal multi-reservoir cascaded hydroelectric test systems. The results of the proposed approach are compared with those of differential evolution, evolutionary programming and particle swarm optimization. From numerical results, it is found that the proposed artificial bee colony optimization based approach is able to provide better solution.

5 illus, 8 tables, 19 ref

020951   Basir A A A;Saaid I M;Okafor H (NO, , ) : Bio solvent EOR: performance assessment of plant extracts as asphaltene inhibitor. J Petrol Engng Technol 2015, 5(1), 9-24.

Changes in pressure and temperature during oil production and transportation most notably during CO2 injection for enhanced recovery could lead to changes in the oil composition and deposition of asphaltene. Deposition of asphaltene near the wellbore region, production tubing and production facilities could cause severe flow assurance problem. Physical removal of asphaltene is costly and in most cases it is not preferred. A more favorable option is to prevent the asphaltene from precipitation by using inhibitor. The present investigation is to examine the performance of green solvents extracted from plants (coconut, olive, palm, green tea, cinnamon and lemon grass) as asphaltene inhibitors and to compare their performance against a commercial inhibitor-Duo Benzene Sulphonic Acid (DBSA). Plant extracts are known to contain amphiphilic and phenolic compounds, which have the ability to inhibit asphaltene. The performance tests were carried out under different solvent type, concentration and contact time between oil and solvent. Then turbidity and UV-Vis were used to analyze the trace of solid deposits in the oil-solvent solution. It was found that solvent from coconut oil could reduce asphaltene deposit level the most when compared with solvents extracted from other plants. In fact, the coconut extracted solvent showed almost the same performance as that of DBSA at high dosage.

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020950   Bashandy A A (Civil Engineering Dep, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia Univ, Egypt, Email: eng_alb@yahoo.com) : Performance of self-curing concrete at elevated temperatures. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2015, 22(1), 93-104.

Self-curing concrete (SCC) can cure without using any external curing methods. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is one of the chemical agents which minimizes the loss of water and also attracts moisture from the atmosphere and helps in continuous curing of concrete. In this investigation, the effects of the coupled effect of elevated temperature levels of 200oC, 400oC and 600oC and heating periods of 2 h and 4 h as well as air and water cooling action on the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of conventional-curing concrete and SCC are studied, respectively. Results show that self-curing concrete can be used at elevated temperatures considering its loss of strength. Air cooling is better for ordinary concrete but that may differ for SCC which may cool using water-cooling up to 400oC. Increasing elevated temperature and heating time decreases the values of residual strengths.

26 illus, 13 tables, 34 ref

020949   Bahram M;Kobra P (Chemical Engineering Dep, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad Univ, Shahreza, Iran, Email: pourabdollah@iaush.ac.ir) : Separation and determination of diol pollutants from demulsifier in the produced water of oils fields. J Envir Res Dev 2013, 8(2), 236-42.

This paper introduced a novel test method for determination of the main demulsified based pollutants in the produced water of oil wells, before draining to seawater. The type, concentration and distribution of diols depend on the demulsifier of interest, however, the main chemical species are the same. The novelty of this work is selective extraction and preconcentration of low chain diols in the produced water of oil fields. In this extraction method, dispersive solvent (1.2 mL, acetonitrile) containing extraction solvent (10.0 ng/L, carbon tetrachloride) was rapidly injected into the water sample containing analytes and a cloudy solution was formed. After centrifugation (2 min at 3,000 rpm), these droplets were sedimented in the bottom of the conical test tube. Then 2.0 mL of sedimented phase containing preconcentrated analytes was injected into the gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were evaluated and optimized. Factors such as the kind and volume of both extraction and disperser solvents, extraction and centrifugation times, pH and temperature and salt effect were studied and optimized. The method exhibited enrichment factors and recoveries ranging from 390 to 444 and 78.9 to 92.2%, respectively, within very short extraction time. The linearity (and limit of detection) of the method ranged 4.0- 100.0 (2.0) ng/L for 1,2-ethandiol, 6.0-80.0 (4.0) ng/L for 1,3-propandiol, 2.0-90.0 (1.0) ng/L for 1,4-butanediol, 5.0-120.0 (2.0) ng/L for 1,5-pentandiol. The Relative Standard Deviations (RSD) for the concentration of diols, 5.0 ng/L in water by using the internal standard were in the range of 1.5-4.5% (n=5) and without the internal standard was in the range of 2.6-9.0% (n=5). It is concluded that this method is successful for determination of diols in produced water samples.

2 illus, 2 tables, 11 ref

020948   Appavuraj R;Gupta P K D;Ghosh P;Samal P B; Saha A (NO, Proof and Experimental Establishment, DRDO, Chandipur-756 025, Email: pk.dasgupta@pxe.drdo.in) : System analysis and design of armament integrated management system. Def Sci J 2014, 64(6), 524-9.

Proof and trial activity in a dynamic test range is a complex, sensitive, and herculean activity. It is a system comprising critical functions that accept various armament inputs and produces proof results as output, processing various critical data and sensitive activities in between. Automation of the existing system is a step for reliable, secure, smooth operation and easy maintainability of the system that makes it synchronized with the latest development of range technology. Understanding the flow of data through these functions requires extensive study to realize different inter-linked activities involved with the functions of this system. This paper presents the flow of activities in the automation of dynamic test range of Proof & Experimental Establishment through context level diagram, process flow diagram, data flow diagram, and entity-relationship diagram. Realization of armament integrated management system will be through resilient and high bandwidth network backbone which is a part of this paper. Cloud computing is the latest development in the information technology. This paper also analyses the appropriate model of cloud computing for porting the system in the cloud.

5 illus, 11 ref

020947   Anxi Y;Haijun W;Zhen D;Haifeng H (NO, National Univ of Defense Technology, Changsha-410 073, Email: yu_anxi@sina.com) : Amplitude and phase statistics of multi-look SAR complex interferogram. Def Sci J 2014, 64(6), 564-70.

Amplitude and phase statistics of SAR complex interferogram are significant in the study of interferometry and polarimetry. To reduce statistical variations, multi-look processing is adopted by averaging spatially the complex interferogram. In this study, we derive and validate three kinds of probability density functions (PDFs) of multi-look interferogram for different surface feature scenes. For simple homogeneous areas with the gamma distribution intensity, a concise product-form interferometry phase PDF is derived, which is equivalent to a conventional Gauss hypergeometric PDF. For complicated areas with the K and G0 distributions intensity, two new interferometry amplitude PDFs named as Gamma-K and Gamma-G are proposed, and their phase PDFs are approximately preserved. Finally three typical areas including grass, mountain, and city are picked out from a pair of RADARSAT-2 SAR images and studied. Experimental results indicate good agreement between the computed histograms and the theoretical distributions. The results obtained can be applied to the feature classification of polarisation SAR data and the estimation of decorrelation effect of interferometric SAR.

5 illus, 5 tables, 23 ref

020946   Amudhavalli N K;Murthi P (NO, Tamil Nadu College of Engineering, Coimbatore-641 659) : Corrosion of rebar in polyester fiber reinforced blended concrete using impressed current techniques. Pollut Res 2014, 33(2), 493-8.

This paper examines the ability of Polyester fiber reinforced blended concrete (PEFRBC) to resist the corrosion of reinforcing steel bars in concrete. The corrosion rate of steel embedded in concrete is evaluated in terms of mass loss of corroded steel bars in concrete. The specimens consisted of concrete cylinders measuring 150 x 300 mm with centrally placed 10 mmdiameter reinforcing bars. Corrosion of steel bars embedded in concrete having compressive strengths of 20, 25, 30, 35 MPa was investigated. The other parameter varying in this investigation is the percentage of fiber content (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8). The specimens are subjected to the accelerated corrosion. Corrosion was induced bymeans of impressed current. Following corrosion, the rebar wereextracted to determine the mass loss. The degree of corrosion of the rebar in the concrete specimens decreased as percentages of fiber content and the grade of the concrete increases. No significant difference in resistance towards corrosion was observed in the higher percentages of fiber contents.

2 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

020945   Amitesh Kumar;Panda H S;Biswal T K;Appavuraj R (NO, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela-769 008, Email: kumar.amitesh.18@gmail.com) : Flow around a conical nose with rounded tail projectile for subsonic, transonic, and supersonic flow regimes: a numerical study. Def Sci J 2014, 64(6), 509-16.

Flow around a conical nose with rounded tail projectile has been studied numerically for subsonic, transonic and supersonic flow regimes. The conic angle of the projectile is 10°. The inflow Mach numbers are 0.5, 0.9, and 1.5. Axisymmetric Euler's equations are solved for predicting the drag coefficient. It has been observed that even for a subsonic flow regime, the Mach number distribution is not uniform owing to the non-symmetric shape of the projectile. The predicted drag coefficients for subsonic, transonic, and supersonic cases are 0.018, 0.089, and 0.395, respectively. It was observed that rounded tail is a better option than boat tail so far drag force is concerned.

10 illus, 2 tables, 22 ref

020944   Al-Dini S A;Antar M A;Ben-Mansour R (Mechanical Engineering Dep, King Fahd Univ of Petroleum and Minerals P O Box 535, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arbia, Email: antar@kfupm.edu.sa) : Laminar mixed convection in horizontal variable speed led driven rectangular cavity. J Energy Heat Mass Transfer 2014, 36(1), 41-62.

In this study, heat transfer due to mixed convection in a cavity with its lower surface moving at a variable speed is analyzed numerically. The bottom wall of the cavity is moving with a variable velocity that is increasing in the length direction. The maximum velocity at the bottom wall corresponds to a Reynolds number of less than 2500 to ensure that the flow is laminar within the cavity. The top wall of the cavity is cooled, the bottom moving wall is heated and the side walls are insulated. Five different velocity variation profiles were considered for the bottom wall of the cavity. Two configurations were considered in the present study, square cavity and a rectangular one with an aspect ratio of 5. The velocity and temperature distribution in all the cases were observed. Steady velocity and temperature profiles were generally observed for the square cavity whereas the rectangular cavity experienced transient (mainly periodic) profiles.

18 illus, 5 tables, 33 ref

020077   Zhang Z;Luo X;Wu X (College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Suzhou Univ of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 21009, China) : New pan-sharpening method using statistical model and shearlet transform. IETE Tech Rev 2014, 31(5), 308-16.

A statistical model-based pan-sharpening method under the framework of Shearlet transform is developed in this paper. The approximation coefficients of multi-spectral (MS) image are used for reconstruction level of fusion algorithm. The weighted average method is used to fuse the high-pass subbands. The weights are estimated by a statistical model in which a new objective function is proposed. It is partitioned into two parts: the first term maximizes the local variance of the high-pass subband of fused image, which means the details can be injected into MS image as much as possible. The second term is the correlation restriction between the high-pass subband of fused image and that of MS image, which is indirectly beneficial to avoid generating the unreasonable high-frequency information. Finally, the pan-sharpening result is obtained by performing the inverse Shearlet transform. A series of experiments conducted on real remote sensing images demonstrate the effectiveness of our model.

2 illus, 2 tables, 34 ref

020076   Xu R;Li L;Zhang L;Zhu B;Bu X (State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle, Hunan Univ, Changsha, 410082 Hunan, China, Email: llxly2000@163.com) : Improved model for predicting heat transfer coefficient peak value at the casting-die interfaces. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2014, 21(6), 628-34.

Improved model is developed to accurately predict the interfacial heat transfer coefficient peak value (h_max) at the casting-die interface during the solidification of light alloys. To develop the improved model, a new method is proposed to simplify the profile of die surface. The effect of surface tension on the predicted h_max is considered quantitatively in this model. The improved model has been applied to high pressure die casting and gravity die-casting processes. The calculated h_max of the improved model tends to have higher accuracy than those of the previous model and show good agreements with the experimental results in both cases. The results suggest that the new method used to simplify the surface profile in the improved model makes a major contribution to improve the prediction accuracy. Surface tension is also found to have a certain effect on the calculated h_max in gravity die-casting process, but no effect in high pressure die casting process. Its effect appears to decrease with increasing applied pressure.

5 illus, 7 tables, 19 ref

020075   Wen T;Yue Y W;Liu L T;Yu J M (College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing Univ, Chongqing 400044, China, Email: wentong@cqu.edu.cn) : Evaluation and prediction of hot rheological properties of Ti-6A1-4V in dual-phase region using processing map and artificial neural network. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2014, 21(6), 647-56.

Isothermal compression tests of Ti-6Al-4V are conducted in the dual-phase region at different temperatures (1053-1203 K) and strain rates (0.01-10 s^-1). Processing maps based on the principles of the dynamic material model are then constructed using the experimental data. Stable and unstable regions on the maps are distinguished to evaluate the hot forming performance of the alloy. The regions suitable for hot forming are validated by the microstructure evolutions. The domain with a high power dissipation efficiency η larger than 0.3 is found to be the optimal processing region on the map at a strain of 0.7, where the temperatures range from 1090 K to 1203 K and the strain rates from 0.01 s^-1 to 0.1 s^-1. Moreover, an artificial neural network model with a back-propagation algorithm was developed to predict the hot rheological properties of the alloy involving complex nonlinear intrinsic relationships between the processing parameters. Theoretical processing maps are drawn by using the predicted data and then compared with the experimental maps. The results indicate that the model can track the experimental data with sound precision, and the theoretical maps can definitely give guidance to the design of hot forming process of Ti-6Al-4V in the dual-phase region.

11 illus, 22 ref

020074   Vispute G C;Khare P R (Civil Engineering Dep, Dr D Y Patil School of Engineering & Technology, Dr D Y Patil Knowledg, Charoli(BK), Lohegaon, Pune-412 105) : Economics analysis of residential building using cost benefit ratio. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(1), 69-72.

This paper examines the benefits and cost of improving residential structures in middle-income developing countries such that they are less vulnerable to hazards during their lifetime. Since the challenges for cost benefit analysis are to express avoided losses in probabilistic terms, evaluate and assess risk, direct and indirect benefits, land use and climate. In detail, we examineearthquake risk. The purpose in undertaking these analyses is to shed light another benefits and costs over time, recognizing the bounds of the analysis, and to demonstrate a systematic probabilistic approach for evaluating alternative risk reducing measures.

2 illus, 2 tables, 6 ref

020073   Verma S A;Patil M D;Sathe M M;Chetan T D; Dighe M (Computer Engineering Dep, Pune Univ, Shri Chhattrapati Shivaji College of Engineering) : Business model for cloud computing on a separate encryption and decryption service. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(1), 100-3.

Paper presents a business model for cloud computing on a separate encryption and decryption service. Cloud Computing is evolving and considered next generation architecture for computing. Typically cloud computing is a combination of computing resources accessible via internet. Historically the client or organizations store data in data centers with firewall and other security techniques used to protect data against intrudes to access the data. Since the data was confined to data centers in limits of organization, the control over the data was more and well defined procedures could be used for accessing its own data. However in cloud computing, since the data is stored anywhere across the globe, the client organizations have less control over the stored data. To build the trust for the growth of cloud computing the cloud providers must protect the user data from unauthorized access and disclosure. One technique could be encrypting the data on client side before storing it in cloud storage. Divide and rule can be one of the techniques, meaning dividing the responsibilities among different cloud services providers can benefits the client. Storing the data in encrypted form is a common method of information privacy protection. If a cloud system is responsible for both tasks on storage and encryption/decryption of data, the system administrators may simultaneously obtain encrypted data and decryption keys. This allows them to access information without authorization and thus poses a risk to information privacy. This study proposes a business model for cloud computing based on the concept of separating the encryption and decryption service from the storage service. Furthermore, the party responsible for the data storage system must not store data in plain text, and the party responsible for data encryption and decryption must delete all data upon the computation on encryption or decryption is complete.

6 illus, 5 ref

020072   Veeresh H;Kusagur A (EE Dep, A M G O I, Kolhapur, Maharashtra) : ZCS/ZVS push pull DC/DC converter. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(1), 73-9.

This paper presents a ZCS/ZVS Push Pull DC /DC converter. The purposed converter that converts a value of direct current to another value of direct current that can produce 250V output voltage from 12V input voltage. Some of the components that use in this paper is a high frequency transformer, and full bridge rectifier. The MATLAB simulation implementation also usesMOSFETs as a switching device due to its high power rating and high switching speed.Consequently, the design circuit will deliver accurate output value with low power losses and small output ripples because this converter has its own filter. The voltage across primary side device is independent of duty cycle with varying input voltage and output power and clamped at rather low reflected output voltage enabling the use of low voltage semiconductor devices. Analysis, design, and simulation results are presented.

7 illus, 31 ref

020071   Thiruvikraman C;Balasubramanian V;Sridhar K (Manufacturing Engineering Dep, Annamalai Univ, Annamalainagar-608 002, Email: visvabalu@yahoo.com) : Developing empirical relationships to estimate adhesion bonding strength and lap shear bonding strength of HVOF sprayed WC-CrC-Ni coatings on AISI 304 L stainless steel. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2014, 21(6), 609-20.

High velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) sprayed cermet coatings are extensively used to combat erosion-corrosion in naval applications and in slurry environments. HVOF spray parameters such as oxygen flow rate, fuel flow rate, powder feed rate, carrier gas flow rate and spray distance have significant influence on coating characteristics like adhesion bond strength and shear strength. This paper presents the use of statistical techniques in particular response surface methodology (RSM), analysis of variance and regression analysis to develop empirical relationships to predict adhesion bond strength and lap shear bond strength of HVOF sprayed WC-CrC-Ni coatings. The developed empirical relationships can be effectively used to predict adhesion bond strength and lap shear bond strength of HVOF sprayed WC-CrC-Ni coatings at 95% confidence level.

11 illus, 6 tables, 22 ref

020070   Srinivasan S;Kamakoti V;Bhattacharya A (NO, Defence Research and Development Organization, India) : Review of algorithms for border length minimization problem. IETE Tech Rev 2014, 31(5), 369-82.

Genomic analysis is a gaining prominence, specifically in the areas of forensics and drug discovery. DNA microarrays are the devices employed for performing the genomic analysis. Border minimization problem (BMP) is a well-known optimization problem in the automated design of DNA microarrays. The problem of BMP can be considered from two perspectives, namely placement and embedding. This paper presents a comparative study of different techniques reported in the literature for BMP and current open challenges.

5 illus, 2 tables, 92 ref

020069   Sheeta G;Ambre Vijaya;More Priti;Tiwari U; Yadav M (Computer Engineering Dep, Pune Univ, Shri Chhatrapati Shivaji College of Engineering, Rahuri Factory (Shrishivajinagar)) : Permission manager: application to secure the smartphone. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(1), 108-10.

Now a days, Smartphones are very powerful, and many its applications use wireless multimedia communications. The prevention from the outside dangers (threats) has become a big concern nowadays for the experts. Android operating system has become one of the most popular operating system for Smartphone; Android security has become a big problem nowadays. Because of the free application it provides and the feature which makes it very easy for anyone to develop it. However, there are many systems proposed to provide the security by number of researchers working to solve this problem. In this article, we focus on security issues related to Android Smartphone. Specifically, we discuss several new attacks that are based on the use of phone. We implement the attacks on real phones, and demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of these kinds of attacks. Furthermore, we implemented a simple defense scheme that can effectively detect these attacks.

1 illus, 5 ref

020068   Sharma M R (Civil Engineering Dep, Career Point Univ, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, Email: mrsharma.cpuh@gmail.com) : Significance of water footprints of a nation in water resources management. Asian J Adv Basic Sci 2014, 2(3), 112-5.

Water is a scarce resource and needs to be treated economically. All human activities consume and pollute a lot of water. Agriculture consumes a substantial volume of water and domestic and industrial sector pollute the water. There is an urgent need to develop appropriate concepts and tools to tackle the problem of water shortage in India. A bridge is required to be built between water management practices and economic thinking. The water has to be allocated efficiently. At local level the water user plays a key role.Local water use efficiency can be increased by creating awareness, charging prices based on full or marginal cost and by use of water saving technology. The paper highlight the concept of water footprint of a nation, average water footprint per capita per country, and comparison of water footprint of different nations. It also suggests measures to reduce water footprints and relevance of the concept.

1 table, 8 ref

020067   Senthil Kumar P;Manisekar K (Mechanical Engineering Dep, The Rajaas Engineering College, Vadakangulam-627 116, Email: senfxmech@gmail.com) : Prediction of effect of MoS₂ content on wear behavior of sintered Cu-Sn composite using taguchi analysis and artificial neural network. Indian J Engng Mater Sci 2014, 21(6), 657-71.

Present investigation aims to develop MoS₂ added, self lubricated copper-tin hybrid composite with different weight fractions of MoS₂ and characterize tribological properties. In order to evaluate the behavior of composites satisfying multiple performance measures, Taguchi approach has been adopted. An orthogonal array and an analysis of variance are employed to the influence of parameters like as wt % of MoS₂, load, sliding speed and sliding distance on dry sliding wear of the composites. Results show that sliding distance has the highest influence followed by a load and reinforcement. Confirmation tests are carried out to verify the experimental results. The morphology of the worn-out surfaces is examined to understand the wear mechanisms. The responses have been predicted using both Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Taguchi method so that a comparative evaluation can be made. From this study, it is concluded that neural network predicts the responses more accurately than Taguchi prediction.

12 illus, 11 tables, 34 ref

020066   Sanap Sandip M;Avhad Vinay S;Shewale Yogesh B;Doke Sagar G;Ware Rajendra (Computer Engineering Dep, Shri Chhatrapati Shivaji College of Engineering, Shrishivajinagar) : CloudMOV: cloud based mobile social TV. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(1), 84-7.

Fast increasing power of personal mobiledevices (Smartphone,Tabletsetc) provides social interaction to users in early life. Recently many mobile entertaining or media application have been launched but most popular apps like Facebook,Twitter,Youtube have larger demand among users. But these media application are limited by the unstable wireless connectivity & limited battery lifetime of mobile devices due to this problem a quality of service encountered by the users. To avoid these problems Cloud Computing technology has been used. In this paper we discuss the design of Cloud based novel Mobile Social TV (CloudMOV) which utilizes both PaaS(Platform-as-a-Service) and IaaS(Infrastructure-as-a-Service) cloud services to offers the living room experience of video streaming site like Youtube etc and invite their friends or family for watch video simultaneously. They can also chatting and social interaction with each other while watching the video.

1 illus, 6 ref