022137   Mahajan P;Pasnur P (Civil Engineering Dep, Dr D Y Patil School of Engineering & Technology, Knowledge City, Charoli (BK), Lohegaon, Pune-412 105) : Prediction of blast loading and its impact on buildings. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(10), 88-94.

A bomb explosion within or immediately nearby a I1ding can cause catastrophic damage on the building's external and internal structural frames, collapsing of walls, wing out of large expanses of windows, and shutting down of critical life-safety systems. Loss of life and injuries to occupants result from many causes, including direct blast-effects, uctural collapse, debris impact, fire, and smoke. The indirect effects can combine to inhibit or prevent timely evacuation, thereby contributing to additional casualties. In addition, major catastrophes resulting from gas chemical explosions result in large dynamic loads, greater than the original design loads, of any structures. The analysis and design of structures subjected to blast loads require a detailed understanding of blast phenomena and the dynamic response of various structural elements. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the effects of explosion on structures. An explanation of the nature of explosions and the mechanism of blast waves in free air is given. his paper also introduces different methods to estimate blast loads and structural response.

9 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

022136   Madhusudhan T (Research scholar, JJT University, , ) : Investigation on compression, flexural strength of concrete with manufactured sand & micro silica. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(12), 83-9.

This paper presents the Mix designs of C20, C35 C40, C50 grade of concrete prepared with the combination of OPC, " Micro silica and Manufactured sand. Cubes were tested for compressive strength & flexural strength at 7 days, , 28days for above grades. Various tests were conducted on coarse aggregate and fine aggregate to determine specific gravity, bulk density, and fineness modulus of aggregate, The Water cement ratio is kept as per workability requirement. The compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete shall compare for the Mixes with and without Micro silica & manufactured sand.

9 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

022135   Madheswaran C K;Ambily P S;Dattatreya J K; Rajamane N P (CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre, , CSIR Campus, Taramani, Chennai-600 113, Email: cjm@serc.res.in) : Studies on use of copper slag as replacement material for river sand in building constructions. J Instn Engrs : Ser A 2014, 95(3), 169-77.

This work focuses on the use of copper slag, as a partial replacement of sand for use in cement concrete and building construction. Cement mortar mixtures prepared with fine aggregate made up of different proportions of copper slag and sand were tested for use as masonry mortars and plastering. Three masonry wall panels of dimensions 1 x 1 m were plastered. The studies showed that although copper slag based mortar is suitable for plastering, with the increase in copper slag content, the wastage due to material rebounding from the plastered surfaces increases. It is therefore suggested that the copper slag can be used for plastering of floorings and horizontal up to 50 % by mass of the fine aggregate, and for vertical surfaces, such as, brick/block walls it can be used up to 25 %. In this study on concrete mixtures were prepared with two water cement ratios and different proportions of copper slag ranging from 0 % (for the control mix) to 100 % of fine aggregate. The Concrete mixes were evaluated for workability, density, and compressive strength.

6 illus, 7 tables, 12 ref

022134   Madhavi M;Venkat R (M.V.S.R. Engineering College, , Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, Email: madhavi72@sify.com) : Predicting structural behavior of filament wound composite pressure vessel using three dimensional shell analysis. J Instn Engrs : Ser C 2014, 95(1), 41-50.

Fiber reinforced polymer composite materials with their higher specific strength, moduli and tailorability characteristics will result in reduction of weight of the structure. The composite pressure vessels with integrated end domes develop hoop stresses that are twice longitudinal stresses and when isotropic materials like metals are used for development of the hardware and the material is not fully utilized in the longitudinal/meridional direction resulting in over weight components. The determination of a proper winding angles and thickness is very important to decrease manufacturing difficulties and to increase structural efficiency. In the present study a methodology is developed to understand structural characteristics of filament wound pressure vessels with integrated end domes. Progressive ply wise failure analysis of composite pressure vessel with geodesic end domes is carried out to determine matrix crack failure, burst pressure values at various positions of the shell. A three dimensional finite element analysis is computed to predict the deformations and stresses in the composite pressure vessel. The proposed method could save the time to design filament wound structures, to check whether the ply design is safe for the given input conditions and also can be adapted to non-geodesic structures. The results can be utilized to understand structural characteristics of filament wound pressure vessels with integrated end domes. This approach can be adopted for various applications like solid rocket motor casings, automobile fuel storage tanks and chemical storage tanks. Based on the predictions a composite pressure vessel is designed and developed. Hydraulic test is performed on the composite pressure vessel till the burst pressure.

20 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

022133   Liu S;Zhang Q;Zhou D (Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing (Dalian Un, , Dalian-116 622, People's Republic of China, Email: zhangq30@yahoo.com) : Obstacle avoidance path planning of space manipulator based on improved artificial potential field method. J Instn Engrs : Ser C 2014, 95(1), 31-9.

This paper proposes an approach about obstacle collision-free motion planning of space manipulator by utilizing a Configuration-Oriented Artificial Potential Field method in 3-D space environment. Firstly, the artificial potential field method, which is usually used in 2-D space, is extended to 3-D space. Secondly, improving the artificial potential field method enables to carry out obstacle avoidance planning for the configuration of entire space manipulator (including the end-effector and links). Finally, the approach is combined with the inverse kinematics calculation which is based on the Generalized Jacobian Matrix for planning a collision-free motion of space manipulator. At the end of the article, by simulating the method mentioned above, the validity of the proposed method is verified.

10 illus, 3 tables, 27 ref

022132   Lakshmi B V;Satyanarayana K V V;Basavaiah N; Gawali P (Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, , Kalamboli Highway, New Panvel (W), Navi Mumbai-410 218, Email: bvlakshmi@iigs.iigm.res.in) : Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility of earthquake-affected soft sediments: example from Ther village, Latur, Maharashtra, India. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 708-12.

Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) of deformed and undeformed unconsolidated clay samples of Deccan Trap terrain from the ~2000-year-old palaeo-earthquake site of Ther village, Maharashtra, India, was studied. Such deposits are rare in this region and give an exceptional opportunity to test the efficacy of AMS and other magneto petrofabric studies, which can have a bearing on magnetic granularity ellipsoids, inclination and declination directions impacting palaeo-magnetic studies. The undeformed clay samples exhibit typical sedimentary fabric with an oblate AMS ellipsoid, whereas the deformed samples are tightly grouped in the inferred compression direction, probably effected by an earthquake, exhibiting prolate as well as oblate AMS ellipsoids. The temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility revealed the occurrence of titanomagnetite and magnetite in both the deformed and undeformed samples signifying similar sediment material. The site mean ChRM direction for undeformed clay samples is D=3 and I=44.7 (k=92.7, α=4.5), whereas for deformed samples D=336 and I=39 (k=39, α₉₅=8). The present study reveals that sediments can be severely deformed without deflecting minimum susceptibility directions. AMS methodology can be effective in the DT region and can throw up new results to build the chronology of past earth-quakes.

4 illus, 1 table, 31 ref

022131   Kumar K A R;Balamurugan K;Gnanaraj D (Mechanical Engineering,Vivekanandha Engineering College for Women, Sa, , , Email: karameshkumar77@gmail.com ) : Hardness, Tribology and Microstructural studies on Aluminium - Flyash metal Matrix Composites. J scient ind Res 2015, 74(3), 165-70.

Flyash reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites (Al-MMC) have been synthesized by stir casting method and was fabricated by sand casting in to required sizes. Flyash content with various compositions (9, 14 and 19 wt %) was used with aluminium metal by adding magnesium content 1% for the present investigations. Flyash content with various compositions of Al-MMCs were tested for its hardness using Vicker's microhardness tester. It was found that the hardness increases with increase in flyash content. The surface morphology of the samples were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscopic techniques. Tribological properties such as coefficient of friction and wear rate for various flyash compositions were obtained and the results were discussed in detail.

3 illus, 25 ref

022130   Kumar;Chakrabarti S;Mandal D K;Majumder S (NO, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata-700 107, Email: sumitkumar.besu2010@gmail.com) : Numerical investigation on fluid flow through a sudden expansion. J Energy Heat Mass Transfer 2014, 36(2), 81-101.

In this work, an attempt has been taken to carry out a numerical study on fluid flow through a sudden expansion. Two-dimensional steady differential equations for conservation of mass and momentum have been solved for the Reynolds number ranging from 50 to 250 and aspect ratio ranging from 1.5 to 6.0 when fully developed velocity profile has been considered at the inlet. Stream functions in the flow domain are computed and several streamline contours are generated by MATLAB software. The effect of aspect ratio and Reynolds number on the streamline contours, reattachment length, .wall pressure, average static pressure, distance of maximum average static pressure rise from throat, L_p^{*, variation of maximum average static pressure rise (Δp*), effectiveness, average stagnation pressure and average stagnation pressure drop (Δp_s*), at L* of the sudden expansion configuration have been extensively studied.}

12 illus, 1 table, 40 ref

022129   Kulshreshtha D B;Channiwala S A (C K Pithawalla College of Engineering and Technology, , Surat, Gujarat-395 007, Email: casanovicdigs@hotmail.com) : Trapped vortex combustion chamber: design and experimental investigations using hydrogen as fuel. J Instn Engrs : Ser C 2014, 95(1), 69-75.

The design of trapped vortex combustion chamber was undertaken as a part of ongoing research on micro combustion chamber using hydrogen as fuel. The reacting experimental studies were then carried out on the designed chamber. The fuel was injected directly into the cavity. The combustion was first initiated in the cavity with 3 % of the main flow air supplied in reverse direction to the fuel flow. The combustion in cavity was of rich type. Temperature levels in the range of 900 K were encountered in the cavity. Thereafter, diffusion combustion was initiated using the flame generated in the cavity. The temperature levels in this stage were in the range of 1,800 K. The overall pressure drop for a trapped vortex combustor was less than 5 % at all operating parameters.

9 illus, 2 tables, 26 ref

022128   Koshti A;Arya L D;Choube S C (Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dep, Swami Vivekanand College of Engineering, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, Email: Atul_koshti@rediffmail.com) : Static load model determination using functional approximation based on gaussian pulses and its comparison with ZIP load model. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2014, 95(2), 129-33.

This paper describes a static load model based on functional approximation. The functional approximation has been achieved by selecting Gaussian pulses as basis function. Based on this a single layer neural network has been constructed, which can easily trained using δ-rule. A case study has also been reported. The load model as obtained using the proposed neural network has been compared with ZIP load model as obtained by least square estimator.

2 illus, 4 tables, 12 ref

022127   Kokilavani S (NO, Sri Narayanaguru Polytechnic College, Coimbatore) : Design and analysis of photonic antenna for ROF communications. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(3), 62-6.

Recent advances in technology have stimulated wireless communication systems to move towards higher frequencies such as 5 GHz band for IEEE standard 802.11a and HIPERLAN type 2 (H/2) standards. Considering the practical difficulties such as propagation losses and high feeder in the coaxial cable, Integrated Photonic antenna has attracted most of the wireless system designers. This paper, presents the results of the investigation of broad band active Integrated Photonic antenna consisting of photodiode integrated directly with the microstrip patch radiator. This photonic antenna designed to operate at 5.8GHz within 750MHz frequency band. Antenna structure consists of `S' shaped microstrip patch and its various parameters are analyzed for using it in ROF application. An equivalent circuit model for the photodiode is developed to estimate the input impedance (Z_PD) as a function of frequency to assist in the impedance matching between the photodiode and the patch radiator. The main purpose of this study is to increase the effective radiated power of photonic antenna to the level useful for indoor applications. The input impedance Zi of the microstrip patch radiator that depends on feeding point position (d_f ) which provides the highest antenna efficiency within the widest frequency band. The return loss is more than at -10dB level over the entire operating (750 MHz) frequency band. The performance of this photonic antenna in the frequency range 5.8 GHz is studied both theoretically and experimentally.

13 illus, 1 table, 3 ref

022126   Kivade S B;Murthy C S N;Vardhan H (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Basavakalyan Engineering College, Basavakalyan-585 327, Email: sbkivade@gmail.com) : Investigation of noise level ad penetration rate of pneumatic drill vis-a-vis rock compressive strength and abrasivity. J Instn Engrs : Ser D 2014, 95(2), 103-14.

In this paper, detailed studies were carried out to determine the influence of rock properties on the sound level produced during pneumatic drilling. Further, investigation was also carried out on the effect of thrust, air pressure and compressive strength on penetration rate and the sound level produced. For this purpose, a fabricated pneumatic drill set up available in the institute was used. Rock properties, like compressive strength and abrasivity, of various samples collected from the field were determined in the laboratory. Drilling experiments were carried out on ten different rock samples for varying thrust and air pressure values and the corresponding A-weighted equivalent continuous sound levels were measured. It was observed that, very low thrust results in low penetration rate. Even very high thrust does not produce high penetration rate at higher operating air pressures. With increase in thrust beyond the optimum level, the penetration rate starts decreasing and causes the drill bit to `stall'. Results of the study show that penetration rate and sound level increases with increase in the thrust level. After reaching the maximum, they start decreasing despite the increase of thrust. The main purpose of the study is to develop a general prediction model and to investigate the relationships between sound level produced during drilling and physical properties such as uniaxial compressive strength and abrasivity of sedimentary rocks. The results were evaluated using the multiple regression analysis taking into account the interaction effects of predictor variables.

10 illus, 8 tables, 24 ref

022125   Kitamura A;Takahashi A;Seto R;Fujita Y; Taniike A;Furuyama Y (Technova Inc., , Tokyo 1000011, Japan, Email: kitamuraakira3@gmail.com) : Brief summary of latest experimental results with a mass-flow calorimetry system for anomalous heat effect of nano-composite metals under D(H)-gas charging. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 589-93.

A mass-flow calorimetry system has been installed to investigate the excess power phenomenon at elevated temperatures. The first trial runs with a silica-included Ni nano-composite sample (CNS) containing 4.1 g?Cu of Ni showed an implication of a few days lasting Zr oxide nanocomposite?Ni?excess power of 5 W/g-Ni. Next, a Cu sample (CNZ4) containing 61 g of Ni has been examined to show excess power of 15 W lasting for 3 days and gradually increasing at a rate of 10 W per 3 weeks. Each corresponds to 30 eV/atom-Ni and 100 eV/atom-Ni, implying a nuclear origin of the excess energy.

5 illus, 13 ref

022124   Kidwell D A;Dominguez D D;Grabowski K S; DeChiaro J L F (Naval Research Laboratory, , Washington, DC 20375, USA, Email: david.kidwell@nrl.navy.mil) : Observation of radio frequency emissions from electrochemical loading experiments. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 578-81.

Palladium foil cathodes were electrochemically loaded with deuterium from alkaline solutions of heavy water in specially designed closed calorimeter cells. Here, one cell is described that showed low levels of constant heat (1-7mW) and radio frequency (RF) emanations, but the RF was not correlated with the heat production. This cell is compared with Pd₉₀Rh₁₀ alloy cathodes that showed excess energy bursts of 2.4-44.3kJ. In these cells, RF coincident with the bursts was observed peaking at different frequencies from about 450kHz and extending into the MHz range. Some of the excess energy production in LENR may be in the MHz RF range, which has no conventional explanation in electrochemistry.

3 illus, 15 ref

022123   Keerthana A;Surender Reddy T (NO, , ) : Implementation of variable random data generator. J Instrum Technol Innovation 2015, 5(2), 14-8.

Main objective of this paper is to design a hardware model for variable Random data generator module. The random generator module is designed based on the principle of LFSR (linear feedback shift registers). A LFSR is a shift register whose input bit is a linear function of its previous state. The register has a finite number of possible states; it must eventually enter a repeating cycle. However, an LFSR with a well-chosen feedback function can produce a sequence of bits which appears random and which has a very long cycle. So we should be careful when using this random generator for any cryptographic purposes. The bit positions that affect the next state are called the taps. The maximum period of the cycle over which the sequence repeats is 2^n-1 for a n- bit wide LFSR register. The tap values must be selected carefully for the sequence to attain maximum period. This paper is implementing for different bit width of random numbers with different tapings using verilog.

022122   Joseph S S;Danya P (ECE Dep, GSSSIETW, Mysore-570 016) : BSNs: a special approach to monitor heart rate. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(10), 57-62.

Advances in wireless communication technologies, such as wearable and implantable biosensorsare enabling the design, development and implementation of Body Area Networks (BANs). This class of networks is paving way for the deployment of innovative healthcare monitoring applications. In this pap'er, an overview of Body Area Networks and a discussion of BAN communication types and their related issues have been highlighted. The main concern for using BANs here is to monitor, detect and prevent heart related diseases. The accelerometerdata from the Body Sensor Networks (BSNs) are used to classify the patients' daily activity and provide the context information.

3 illus, 1 table, 14 ref

022121   Jiji G W;Dehmeshki J (Computer Science and Engineering Dep, Dr. Sivanthi Aditanar College of Engineering, Tiruchendur-628 215, Email: jijivevin@yahoo.co.in) : Automatic CT brain image segmentation using two level multiresolution mixture model of EM. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2014, 95(2), 91-9.

Tissue classification in computed tomography (CT) brain images is an important issue in the analysis of several brain dementias. A combination of different approaches for the segmentation of brain images is presented in this paper. A multi resolution algorithm is proposed along with scaled versions using Gaussian filter and wavelet analysis that extends expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. It is found that it is less sensitive to noise and got more accurate image segmentation than traditional EM. Moreover the algorithm has been applied on 20 sets of CT of the human brain and compared with other works. The segmentation results show the advantages of the proposed work have achieved more promising results and the results have been tested with Doctors.

6 illus, 1 table, 49 ref

022120   Jha A K;Sethi R K (NO, Satya College of Engineering & Technoloogy, Palwal, Haryana) : Recent advances in routing with AODV, DSR, DSDV protocols for mobile Ad-hoc networks. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(5), 51-61.

Mobile Ad hoc Web (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that vibrantly form a web temporarily lacking each prop of central administration. Moreover, Every single node in MANET moves arbitrarily making the multi-hop web topology to change randomly at unpredictable times. There are countless acquainted routing protocols like DSDV, AODV, DSR, etc. that have been counseled for bestowing contact amid all the nodes in the network. This paper presents a presentation analogy of proactive and reactive protocols DSDV, AODV and DSR established on metrics such as throughput, packet transport ratio and average end-to-end stay by employing the NS-2 simulator.

9 illus, 24 ref

022119   Jeyasankari S;Nesamalar J J D;Raja S C; Venkatesh P (Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dep, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Thiruparamkundam, Madurai, Tamilnadu-625 015, Email: charlesrajas@gmail.com) : Allocation of transaction cost to market participants using an analytical method in deregulated market. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2014, 95(2), 83-90.

Transmission cost allocation is one of the major challenges in transmission open access faced by the electric power sector. The purpose of this work is to provide an analytical method for allocating transmission transaction cost in deregulated market. This research work provides a usage based transaction cost allocation method based on line-flow impact factor (LIF) which relates the power flow in each line with respect to transacted power for the given transaction. This method provides the impact of line flows without running iterative power flow solution and is well suited for real time applications. The proposed method is compared with the Newton-Raphson (NR) method of cost allocation on sample six bus and practical Indian utility 69 bus systems by considering multilateral transaction.

4 illus, 4 tables, 19 ref

022118   Jegan J;Muthukumaran M (Mechanical Engineering Dep, SNS College of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu) : Implementation of total productive maintenance to improve overall equipment effectiveness in cylinder head bay. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(12), 42-8.

Total Productive Maintenance implementation in a commercial automobile company is discussed in this paper. This overview is carried out specifically in cylinder bay section by using the observations coupled with documents they practiced. Here, TPM implementation methodology is suggested to make impact and directly contribute for the reduction of downtime, improving Overall Equipment Effectiveness and personnel involvement. The work is explained in five stages in the order that, TPM implementation, questionnaire preparation, data collection, analysis and OEE calculation. The foresaid criterion has been developed to determine the objective of level of success about TPM implementation in the organization.

8 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

022117   Jaswal P;Sinha S K (Textile Engineering Dep, , Jawaharlal Nehru Government Engineering College, Sundernagar, Himachal Pradesh, Email: priyajaswal21@gmail.com) : Empirical modeling of snarling in staple yarn. J Instn Engrs : Ser E 2014, 95(2), 81-7.

An empirical model is proposed for the snarling behavior of steamed staple yarn. This model helped in developing the scientific understanding of various stages of snarl formation and snarl removal. Equations for each process were formed, that helped in getting the relation between count, twist multiplier, tension and length of yarn. Stress at which snarl formation started, could be removed (if snarl is already present in the yarn) and was found to be different for yarns with different parameters such as count, twist etc. The derived equations involving critical stress, count and twist multiplier predicts the tension level that should be maintained to prevent snarl formation and the tension required to remove the snarl, was already present in the yarn.

5 illus, 5 tables, 8 ref

022116   Janwadkar E;Pasnur P (Civil Engineering Dep, Dr D Y Patil School of Engineering & Technology, Knowledge City, Charoli (BK), Lohegaon, Pune-412 105) : Cold formed section as secondary framing. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(10), 113-16.

Purlins, girts and eave struts are secondary structural members used to support the wall and roof panels. Purlins are used on the roof; girts are used on the walls and eave struts are used at the intersection of the sidewall and the roof. Secondary members have two other functions: they act as struts that help in resisting part of the longitudinal loads that are applied on the building such as wind and earthquake loads, and they provide lateral bracing to the compression flanges of the main frame members thereby increasing frame capacity. The attempt is made to study the -comparison of cold formed sections as a secondary members & hot rolled members those which are used in conventional building system.

2 illus, 2 tables, 10 ref

022115   Jain J K;Hindoliya D A (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Ujjain Polytechnic college, Ujjain, 456010, Email: jineshjain66@yahoo.co.in) : Correlations for saturation efficiency of evaporative cooling pads. J Instn Engrs : Ser C 2014, 95(1), 5-10.

This paper presents some experimental investigations to obtain correlations for saturation efficiency of evaporative cooling pads. Two commonly used materials namely aspen and khus fibers along with new materials namely coconut fibers and palash fibers were tested in a laboratory using suitably fabricated test setup. Simple mathematical correlations have been developed for calculating saturation efficiency of evaporating cooling pads which can be used to predict their performance at any desired mass flow rate. Performances of four different pad materials were also compared using developed correlations. An attempt was made to test two new materials (i.e. fibers of palash wood and coconut) to check their suitability as wetted media for evaporative cooling pads. It was found that Palash wood fibers offered highest saturation efficiency compared to that of other existing materials such as aspen and khus fibers at different mass flow rate of air.

6 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

022114   Iwamura Y;Itoh T;Tsuruga S (Yokohama R&D Center, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd, 1-8-1, Sachiura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8515, Japan, Email: yasuhiro_iwamura@mhi.co.jp) : Transmutation reactions induced by deuterium permeation through nano-structured palladium multilayer thin film. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 628-32.

Low energy nuclear transmutation reactions have been observed in nano-structured Pd multilayer thin film which is composed of Pd and CaO thin film and Pd substrate, induced by D₂ gas permeation^{1-5 . Up to now we have observed transmutation reactions of Cs into Pr, Ba into Sm and W into Pt. Replication experiments have been successfully performed by some researchers and Toyota R&D Center published almost complete replication experiments8 on the transmutation of Cs into Pr last year. This new phenomenon would be used as an innovative nuclear transmutation method for radioactive waste9-11 or a new energy source if we could solve many problems for commercialization}

7 illus, 1 table, 11 ref

022113   Inamdar A K (Engineering Science (Physics) Dep, University of Pune, Pune) : Couplings for high energy S-band standing wave linear accelerators. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(3), 24-8.

This paper deals with couplings for S-band standing wave linear accelerator operated at frequency 2.997 GHz. Since π/2 mode is stable mode and the beam experiences π- mode-like fields, so widely used linear accelerator is side coupled accelerator operated on π/2 mode at 2997 MHz frequency. The coupling slots between adjacent cells in a π - mode structure shift the resonant frequency as well as reduced the shunt impedance per unit length with respect to single cell cavities. The microwave power coupled through the cavity coupling slot between the main and side cavities. Hence to know the values of these coupling coefficients are very important to design any type of accelerator to work properly and give the desired output.

7 illus, 6 ref

022112   Hussain I;Ghumman A R;Nisar H (Civil Engineering at University of Engineering and Technology, , Taxila Pakistan, Email: engr.ishtiaque@yahoo.com) : Investigating the sedimentation pattern at Ghazi barrage reservoir and impact of 2010 flood upon it. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2014, 3(3), 696-711.

Ghazi Barotha Hydro Power Project is a run of river project meant for generation of 1450 MW electricity. It is Pakistan's second biggest power generating project of vital importance. Ghazi Barrage, one of the key components of the project and situated just downstream of Tarbela Dam project, diverts the Tarbela releases towards 52 KM long Power Channel, another key component, which in turn conveys it to village Barotha for power generation through Power House, the final key component of the project. Two factors which necessitated this study were heavy sediment accumulation in Tarbela dam thereby increasing the sediment inflow into the Ghazi Pond and the devastating flood of 2010 which brought huge sediments from the area upstream of Tarbela. It was important to find out what was happening to the Ghazi pond and changes it had undergone since its operation in 2005. The strategy of this study was to find out incoming and outgoing sediment load from the available data thereby evaluating load retained in the pond along-with its relationship with flows. Next Hydrographic or Bathometric survey of the pond was to be performed to obtain necessary data showing reservoir bed position with respect to deposition and time. The outcome was to be compared with consultant's a joint venture's working through mathematical modeling for sedimentation while designing the barrage and its allied structures. Flood data of 2010 was also to be compared with previous and post flood data to find out its impact on sedimentation of the reservoir. After performing all these hectic efforts, it was observed that the increase or decrease in the outgoing sediments from the pond was proportional to incoming flows. As the incoming flow increased thereby increasing the incoming sediments, the outgoing sediments also increased. In some cases of high inflows like the one in 2010 flood case, the sediment outflows were more than the sediment inflows causing erosion of the already deposited sediments. This does not happen in deep and large reservoirs. While comparing our study results, the consultant's working did not match with our outcomes. The sediment deposition was much less than expected by the consultants which meant that the reservoir life would be much more than expected.

7 illus, 12 tables, 22 ref

022111   Hubler G K;El-Boher A;Azizi O;Pease D;He J H; Isaacson W;Gangopadhyay S;Violante V (Physics and Astronomy Dep, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA, Email: hublerg@missouri.edu) : Sidney kimmel institute for nuclear renaissance. Curr Sci 2015, 108(4), 562-4.

Anomalous heat effect (AHE) is the appearance of excessenergy in the form of heat when a palladium cathode is electrolysed in heavy water, and is much less evident when light water is used. The present article describes the organization, motivation and plans of an institute formed to perform fundamental research aimed at discovering the mechanism of AHE.

2 illus, 4 ref

022110   Gupta V K;Kumar S;Bhattacharyya B (Electrical Engineering Dep, Indian School of Mines, , Dhanbad- 826 004, Email: vikash1146@gmail.com) : Enhancement of power system loadability with FACTS devices. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2014, 95(2), 113-20.

This paper discusses the use of genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) based approach for the allocation and coordinated operation of multiple flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) devices for the economic operation as well as to increase power transfer capacity of an interconnected power system under different loading condition. The GA and PSO based approach is applied on IEEE 30-bus system. The system is reactively loaded starting from base to 200 % of base load. FACTS devices are installed in the different locations of the power system and system performance is noticed with and without FACTS devices. First, the locations, where the FACTS devices to be placed is determined by calculating active and reactive power flows in the lines. GA and PSO based algorithm is then applied to find the amount of magnitudes of the FACTS devices. Finally comparison between these two techniques for the placement of FACTS devices is presented and superiority of GA approach is established.

7 illus, 6 tables, 22 ref

022109   Gupta P;Raina J P S (ECE Dep, BBSBEC, , Fatehgarh Sahib, Email: techno_priya_2006@yahoo.co.in) : To analyze the power spectral density and PAPR of FDMA and SC-FDM. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2014, 3(3), 599-606.

Literature emphasizes the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing for high data rate transmission over wireless channels. This is most popular multi carrier communication technique. Due to its robustness against frequency selective fading channels, it copes with the problem of limiting bandwidth and power for transmitting higher data over wireless mobile systems [1]. However, it suffers from a high peak to average power ratio which may be trouble in uplink transmission as costly high power linear amplifiers are needed in user terminals. So, for uplink transmission, one system required that have low peak to average power ratio. In this paper, a methodology of implementing the technique is proposed which has low peak to average power ratio.To analyze the peak to average power ratio for both techniques.

8 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

022108   Ghosh S;Sahoo P;Sutradhar G (Mechanical Engineering Dep, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032, Email: psjume@gmail.com) : Tribological properties of Al-SiC metal matrix composites: a comparison between sand cast and squeeze cast techniques. J Instn Engrs : Ser D 2014, 95(2), 161-71.

Tribological behaviour of Al-SiC metal matrix composites prepared using two different fabrication techniques, viz. sand cast and squeeze cast techniques are studied in a multi- tribotester (TR-25, DUCOM, India) under dry sliding conditions and ambient atmosphere for varying volume fraction of reinforcement, applied load and sliding speed. Friction increases with increase in applied load and sliding speed and volume fraction of reinforcement. Wear test results show increased wear rates at higher load and speed, while increase in SiC volume fraction yields decrease in wear rate. Corrosion study conducted in 3.5 % NaCl solution shows that squeeze cast composites have better corrosion resistance than sand cast composites. Vickers's microhardness test shows improved hardness properties for squeeze cast composites compared to sand cast ones. The microstructure study of wear tracks reveals domination of abrasive wear with minor traces of adhesive wear.

15 illus, 38 ref

022107   Ghosh S K;Gupta K R;Bhattacharyya R;Sahu R B; Mandol S (Jute and Fibre Technology Dep, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700 019, Email: ijtskg40@gmail.com) : Improvement of life expectancy of jute based needlepunched geotextiles through bitumen treatment. J Instn Engrs : Ser E 2014, 95(2), 111-21.

Geotextiles have witnessed unrivalled growth worldwide in recent years in the field of different civil engineering constructions. The world of Geotextiles includes mainly non-biodegradable synthetic materials which are not environmentally compatible. With the increasing human awareness on environmental pollution aspects, biodegradable Jute Geotextile is increasingly gaining ground over its synthetic non-biodegradable counterpart. Though Jute is advantageous for its complete biodegradability in one hand but on the other hand it is disadvantageous for its poor microbial resistance and quicker biodegradation particularly under moist soil conditions, when applied as Geotextiles under soil. Therefore, it is a great challenge to the present researchers to make jute more microbial resistant (rot resistant) keeping its biodegradability intact during its performance period. Thorough investigation and study regarding the improvement of the durability of natural Jute Geotextile reveals the fact that though several attempts including chemical treatments have been made to enhance the life expectancy of jute fabrics yet these methods were neither found to be suitable nor techno-economically viable. Therefore, in order to accomplish the objective and based on the researchers' report of satisfactory thermal compatibility between hot bitumen and jute nonwoven fabrics, in the present study Bitumen emulsion with essential additives has been applied following a special technique, apart from the conventional method, on the Grey Jute Nonwoven Fabrics in different add on percentages to make a comparative assessment of the performance of both Grey Jute Fabrics and Bituminized Jute Nonwoven Fabrics by Soil Burial Test as per the BIS standard test method. The test results revealed that the durability and performance of the Bituminized Nonwoven Jute Fabrics are much better than that of Grey Jute Nonwoven Fabrics.

7 tables, 17 ref

022106   Ghosh S K (Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah-711 103) : Influence of 10 % cold rolling reduction on ageing behaviour of hot rolled al-cu-si-mn-mg alloy. J Instn Engrs : Ser D 2014, 95(2), 95-101.

In the current study, the effect of 10 % cold rolling on the different ageing phenomena of Al-Cu-Si-Mn-Mg alloy was investigated. Both hot rolled and cold rolled alloys were subjected to both natural and artificial ageing processes. Hardness was measured to understand the change in the mechanical property of the alloy before and after rolling and also during ageing processes. From microscopy, it was evident that the cold rolling and subsequent ageing provided the alloy with a structure in which CuAl2 precipitates were uniformly distributed. The alloy exhibited the peak hardness value of 92 VHN after 2 days of natural ageing, whereas the cold deformed (10 %) alloy exhibited the higher peak hardness value of 139 VHN after 3 days of natural ageing. Peak hardness of the alloy reached 94 VHN, when hot rolled alloy was subjected to ageing at 250°C for 1 h, whereas 10 % cold rolling followed by ageing (100°C, 15 min) demonstrated accelerated and elevated hardening. The ageing behaviours thus obtained permit the alloy to provide a range of desirable combinations of strength and ductility for high strength weight saving applications.

7 illus, 3 tables, 22 ref

022105   Gajare Y;Attarde P (Civil Engineering Dep, SSGB Collegeof Engineering & Technology, Bhusarwal, Maharashtra) : Analysis of delay causes in residential construction projects. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(12), 34-7.

Delays on construction projects are a universal sources phenomenon. For owner, delay means the loss of income and unavailability of facilities. For contractor, delay means the loss of money for extra spending on equipment and materials and hiring the labour and loss of time. They are almost always accompanied by cost and time overruns. Construction project delays have a debilitating effect on parties such as owner, contractor, and consultant in terms of a growth in adversarial relationships distrust, litigation, arbitration, cash-flow problems etc. effective communication. It was found that owners had Construction delay has become endemic in Indian industry. Delay of a project is a main factor and the major cause of construction claims. Therefore there is acute necessity for a detailed analysis of the delay factors and chooses correct actions to minimize the adverse effect of delay on time, within cost and for high quality. This research paper present list of construction delays causes retrieved from literature. The feedback of construction experts was obtained through interviews. Subsequently a questionnaire survey was prepared .The questionnaire survey was distributed to owner, contractor, engineer, architect and consultant. Frequency index, importance index and severity index are calculated. The number of recommendations ends the paper. The findings of this research paper can be used as a reference by project owners, managers, and in various organizations in developing their project management strategies and minimizing construction delays.

2 illus, 1 table, 6 ref

022104   Dwari R K;Rao D S;Reddy P S R (Mineral Processing Dep, CSIR-IMMT, Bhubaneswar-751 013, Email: nmldsr@yahoo.co.in ) : Mineralogical and beneficiation studies of a low grade iron ore sample. J Instn Engrs : Ser D 2014, 95(2), 115-23.

Investigations were carried out, to establish its amenability for physical beneficiation on a low grade siliceous iron ore sample by magnetic separation. Mineralogical studies, with the help of microscope as well as XRD, SEM-EDS revealed that the sample consists of magnetite, hematite and goethite as major opaque oxide minerals where as quartz and kaolinite form the gangue minerals in the sample. Processes involving combination of classification, dry magnetic separation and wet magnetic separation were carried out to upgrade the low grade siliceous iron ore sample to make it suitable as a marketable product. The sample was first ground and each closed size sieve fractions were subjected to dry magnetic separation and it was observed that limited upgradation is possible. The ground sample was subjected to different finer sizes and separated by wet low intensity magnetic separator. Dry beneficiation studies by Permaroll separator indicated that it is possible to get a product with 60.2 % Fe at 22 % weight recovery. It is possible to get an over all concentrate with 54 % Fe at 32.4 % weight recovery by combination of size reduction followed by LIMS and WHIMS.

9 illus, 12 tables, 13 ref

022103   Dutta T;Bajaj M M;Ritu (NO, , ) : Hankel transformation for the chaotic bionanostructures due to z+ bis intake: symmetric fourier kernel of the perturbed organic biomechanical systems. J expl appl Mech 2014, 5(2), 19-26.

In this universe, we observe several BIS processes, which generate intense and far-reaching BIS fields in the human body. BIS means breakdown of integrated systems. BIS load successfully explains several observed phenomena in human traumatology and critically examines the probability of traumatic consequences of individuals having high BIS load. In this paper, the authors have given a generalization of the Hankel transform for nanostructures in which the Meijer G-function plays the role of being a symmetrical Fourier kernel. Several properties of self-reciprocal function under this transform analogous to those given by Hardy and Titchmarsh have been derived therefrom. The results arrived at have been supported by means of examples. It contributes to our understanding of neurological, cardiac, nephronic, urological disorders due to the topological changes in the bionanosystem. Constant mechanical processes continue in the human body. The present work is to construct a mechanical model of the chaotic and highly perturbed nanostructures due to Z^{+ BIS intake using rigorous mathematical tools.}

022102   Dua S;Chahal K S (NO, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, Email: duasandeep18@rediffmail.com) : Scenario of architectural education in India. J Instn Engrs : Ser A 2014, 95(3), 185-94.

Dictionary meaning of education is to develop mentally and morally. A good holistic architectural education, therefore, is a combination of skills, information, as well as values. It is somewhat unique. The evaluation process is continuous in nature and in addition to the traditional means of assessment, the training in architectural education consists of varied interrelated parts-theory, field visit and studio/workshop. To certain extent the subjective nature of the design studio projects provides challenges and opportunities for both students and faculty members, in terms of acquiring necessary skills at the part of the students, and, necessity to update and upgrade continually with the changing pace at the part of the teachers. Technology continues to grow at a rapid pace; equipping the students to meet the complex demands of the profession; the curriculum structure and focus and value system must facilitate the relationship between general education and specialized study. Architects must acquire and understand the required information and find ways to put it in order and apply it to particular settings especially in this era of MNCs and BPOs. The paper discusses the current scenario of architectural education in India and affirms the need for change in this education from generalized study which had been in practice in twentieth century to a more relevant, specialised, and value-based education addressing technical and humanistic challenges more objectively in these vastly changing, socio-economic and political trends at global and regional levels.

20 ref

022101   Dhulipala V R S;Kanagachidambaresan G R (Physics Dep, Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli-620 024, Email: dvrsarma@gmail.com) : Cardiac care assistance using self configured sensor network-a remote patient monitoring system. J Instn Engrs : Ser B 2014, 95(2), 101-6.

Pervasive health care systems are used to monitor patients remotely without disturbing the normal day-to-day activities in real-time. Wearable physiological sensors required to monitor various significant ecological parameters of the patients are connected to Body Central Unit (BCU). Body Sensor Network (BSN) updates data in real-time and are designed to transmit alerts against abnormalities which enables quick response by medical units in case of an emergency. BSN helps monitoring patient without any need for attention to the subject. BSN helps in reducing the stress and strain caused by hospital environment. In this paper, mathematical models for heartbeat signal, electro cardio graph (ECG) signal and pulse rate are introduced. These signals are compared and their RMS difference-fast Fourier transforms (PRD-FFT) are processed. In the context of cardiac arrest, alert messages of these parameters and first aid for post-surgical operations has been suggested.

12 illus, 18 ref

022100   Dhake R J;Nade P A;Dhakne P (Industrial & Production Engineering Dep, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, Email: pravinnade@yahoo.com) : Obstacles and need of proactive ergonomic measures at early stage of fixture design: An interview study. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2014, 3(3), 659-6.

Ergonomics is a science that studies the human body and uses the learning to determine to best design of objects and systems for human interaction. In context of workstations used in automobile manufacturing, a tool refers to as system of fixtures, lifting tackles, material handling equipment, etc. It is important that the tool designer considers ergonomic factors during the design phase and make good use of information that is provided from the tool operations and principles of basic motion and time study. However, various studies have proven that fixture design engineers are mostly unaware of ergonomics and how to apply ergonomics principle in fixture design. In case of tool design, ergonomic considerations include aspects of anatomy, physiology and psychology. New design of automobile lines is often outsourced to engineering service providers who provide a comprehensive solution for tool fixture design. This is often done with help of available design software's like Pro-E, Classic Jack, Inventor, Catia, etc. Although all such design software's have inbuilt ergonomic features, these are rarely used in real life instances. The paper presents a case of one such engineering service provider wherein a full proof system was developed to optimally utilize all available ergonomic assessment concepts right during the design stage to avoid all problems identified post design and implementation of tools at clients sites. The primary objective was to minimize the tool design development time (concept to launch), anticipate, address and avoid possible complaints that may arise in absence of ergonomic considerations. In the existing system, all potential users were assessed about awareness of ergonomic assessment concepts and their use in tool fixture design through a questionnaire based survey. This included design engineers, shop floor operator's, product designers, quality personnel. Other parameters such as conditions related to quality, productivity, ease of fixture operations and work related disorders. The findings of questionnaire were summarized to identify the problems and scope for improvements in the present system. This inputs enabled to accommodate ergonomic principles during the entire design and implementation cycle.

1 illus, 4 tables, 7 ref

022099   Deepika G;Elakkiya M (Power Systems Engineering, EEE Dep, V S B Engineering College, Karur-639 111) : Comparison of LLC and LLC resonant converter using conentional and Fuzzy Controller. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(10), 122-7.

Resonant converters are desirable for power conversion due to their comparatively smaller size and lower power losses. The two most promising topologies of resonant converter are LLC and LCC resonant converters. Our paper is focus on closed loop operation of LLC and LCC converters. The satisfactory response under line and load disturbance is achieved by using conventional and fuzzy controllers. Finally, the paper brings out the best result and overall efficiency among the LLC and LCC with PI controller & fuzzy controller. The open loop analysis and closed loop control has been provided in this paper.

20 illus, 1 table, 10 ref

022098   Das S;Patnaik P;Jha R (NO, Dronacharya College of Engineering/ECE Dep, Gurgoan) : Comparison of various model order reduction techniques based on moment matching methods. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(3), 140-3.

Model Order reduction has been extensively used in study of dynamic behavior of many Engineering and industrial large scale systems as well as Electrical and Electronic systems including microelectronic systems such as integrated circuits. The motivation for appropriate MOR is to obtain an accurate model of smaller order which can be easily simulated and implemented in hard ware with ease saving effort, cost and time. In this paper an analysis of some MOR techniques based on moment matching and Pad‚ approximation and related to Krylov sub spaces more particularly Asymptotic Waveform Evaluation(AWE), Pad‚ Via Lanczos (PVL), Matrix- Pad‚ Via Lanczos (MPVL), Symmetrical PVL (SymPVL) has been carried out. These techniques are applicable to matrix equations resulting when Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to model Electromagnetic wave propagation and radiation problems. AWE methods are straight forward to understand and implement but numerically not stable. Lanczos and PVL methods solve the Eigen value problems, numerically more stable and superior due to their computational efficiency but they can loose passivity for RLC systems. This paper also discusses the ARNOLDI algorithm and improved Arnoldi method like Passive Reduced order Interconnect Macro modelling Algorithm (PRIMA) and SVD Laguerre which are stable as well as retain the passivity

18 ref

022097   Das N R;Mishra D;Sahoo R R (Dep of CA, ITER, Bhubaneswar, Odisha) : Analysis of hierarchical routing protocols in WSNs. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2014, 3(10), 128-37.

The recent advances in wireless sensor networks have ed to the development of many new protocols where energy supply, computational capacity and communication bandwidth are essential considerations. As the sensor networks are application dependent, a single routing protocol cannot be efficient for all the applications. There are many existing protocols and techniques which are used in wireless sensor network. The sensor nodes have a limited transmission range and their processing and storage capabilities as well as their energy resources are also limited. Routing protocols for wireless sensor networks are responsible for maintaining the routes in the network and have to ensure reliable multi-hop communication under these conditions. This paper surveys on recent hierarchical routing protocols for the wireless sensor networks, compares them with respect to some properties and explains their strengths and limitations. The six main categories discussed in this paper belong to the hierarchical routing protocol.

7 illus, 18 ref

022096   Das D;Majumdar G;Sen R S;Ghosh R B (Mechanical Engineering Dep, N.I.T. Hamirpur, Hamirpur-770 05, Email: deb811@gmail.com) : Effects of thermal barrier coatings on diesel engine performance and emission. J Instn Engrs : Ser C 2014, 95(1), 63-8.

The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of coating thickness on performance and emission of a diesel engine including comparisons with results from an uncoated piston diesel engine. Primarily three piston crowns were coated with Al₂O₃ (bond coat) of 100 μm thickness each by using Plasma spray coating technique. Then these piston crowns were coated with partially stabilized zirconia with a thickness of 250, 350, 450 μm respectively by using the same technique over the bond coat. These pistons inserted into the cylinder of a diesel engine one by one to collect the combustion and emission data. Then these data were compared with standard diesel engine. It was observed that the thermal efficiency increased with increasing load levels, whereas specific fuel consumption reduced with increasing load. However, it was observed that harmful gases and particulates like CO, smoke and HC were reduced in case of all types of coated piston engine with the increase of load. Increased amount of NO_X emission was reported during the experimentation.

9 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

022095   Chowdhury O;Tripathy D P (Mining Engineering Dep, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha-769 008, Email: debi_tripathy@yahoo.co.in) : Design of an effective illumination system for an opencast coal mine. J Instn Engrs : Ser D 2014, 95(2), 173-81.

Scientific work documented in this article was carried out, as a part of the research investigation sponsored by a major coal company, to create a safe visual working environment for a mechanized opencast coal mine by designing an effective illumination system. It included an illumination survey of the existing lighting system in various working areas of the mine in which, the existing illuminance levels were found inadequate in most of the work places and hence an effective and modified design of the illumination system was necessary. The improvement measures were carried out by analysis of the problem, which leaded to the design of illumination system using DIALux software. DGMS standard for opencast mine lighting was used for both assessment and design of illumination systems. Haul road lighting design was performed as per CIE EN 13201 standard, which is internationally used for road lighting. The design model resulted in significant improvement over the existing system and all the standards were met as per the DGMS guidelines.

6 illus, 6 tables, 6 ref

022094   Choudhury R;Bordaloi S (Gauhati University, , Guwahati, Assam, Email: ritachou1982@gmail.com) : Structural and optical characterization of undoped and doped ZnS (with Al & Ni) Nano particles. Int J appl Sci Engng Res 2014, 3(3), 712-22.

Undoped and doped ZnS (with Al and Ni) nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by chemical route at room temperature. The structural properties of the nanoparticles were determined by XRD, TEM and their Optical properties by UV-Visible and PL (photoluminescence) analysis. Surface morphology was studied with the help of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Average particle size of ZnS, ZnS-Al and ZnS-Ni nanoparticles were obtained from XRD was 3.8 nm. At room temperature peak of PL spectra of ZnS is found at 439 nm, for ZnS-Al peaks are observed at 437 nm and at 568 nm, for ZnS-Ni peaks are found at 439 nm and 562 nm respectively. In case of doped ZnS blue shift are observed. XRF studies reveal presence of Zn, S, and Al &Ni in the samples.

21 illus, 10 ref

022093   Choudhuri P K (Visva-Bharati University, , Bolpur, West Bengal, Email: pkcl@rediffmail.com) : Application of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) technique for gradation of jute fibres. J Instn Engrs : Ser E 2014, 95(2), 63-8.

Multi-Criteria Decision Making is a branch of Operation Research (OR) having a comparatively short history of about 40 years. It is being popularly used in the field of engineering, banking, fixing policy matters etc. It can also be applied for taking decisions in daily life like selecting a car to purchase, selecting bride or groom and many others. Various MCDM methods namely Weighted Sum Model (WSM), Weighted Product Model (WPM), Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solutions (TOPSIS) and Elimination and Choice Translating Reality (ELECTRE) are there to solve many decision making problems, each having its own limitations. However it is very difficult to decide which MCDM method is the best. MCDM methods are prospective quantitative approaches for solving decision problems involving finite number of alternatives and criteria. Very few research works in textiles have been carried out with the help of this technique particularly where decision taking among several alternatives becomes the major problem based on some criteria which are conflicting in nature. Gradation of jute fibres on the basis of the criteria like strength, root content, defects, colour, density, fineness etc. is an important task to perform. The MCDM technique provides enough scope to be applied for the gradation of jute fibres or ranking among several varieties keeping in view a particular object and on the basis of some selection criteria and their relative weightage. The present paper is an attempt to explore the scope of applying the multiplicative AHP method of multi-criteria decision making technique to determine the quality values of selected jute fibres on the basis of some above stated important criteria and ranking them accordingly. A good agreement in ranking is observed between the existing Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) grading and proposed method.

1 illus, 5 tables, 10 ref

022092   Chithra V S;Nagendra S M S (Civil Engineering Dep, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600 036, Email: snagendra@iitm.ac.in) : Particulate matter mass and number concentrations inside a naturally ventilated school building located adjacent to an urban Roadway. J Instn Engrs : Ser A 2014, 95(3), 143-9.

This work presents the temporal characteristics of Particulate Matter (PM) mass and number concentrations measured inside a naturally ventilated school building, located close to a busy roadway in Chennai city. Two environmental dust monitor instruments (GRIMM Model 107 and Model 108) were used for measuring PM mass and number concentrations. The 1-h mean values of PM₁₀, PM_2.5 and PM₁ mass concentrations were found to be 262 ± 161, 68 ± 24, 40 ± 15 μg/m^{3 and 81 ± 26, 56 ± 2, 45 ± 19 μg/m3 during working hours (8am-4pm) and non-working hours (4pm-8am)/holidays, respectively. The PM number concentrations inside the room during working hours were found to be 2.4 x 105, 2.2 x 103 and 8.1 x 102 particles/l in the size range of 0.3-1, 1-3 and 3-10 μm, respectively. The present study reveals that during working hours, indoor PM concentrations of the classroom were influenced by the activities of occupants and during non working hours it was affected by outdoor vehicular emissions.}

5 illus, 2 tables, 17 ref

022091   Chen S;Cui H;Wang H;Zhao J (School of Mining and Safety Engineering Dep, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan-411 201, China, Email: zunyichsq@163.com) : Maximum drop-height of a droplet in a vertical countercurrent water-air heat and moisture exchange tower attached to a main fan diffuser in a coal mine. J Instn Engrs : Ser D 2014, 95(2), 145-51.

Vertical countercurrent water-air heat and moisture exchange tower attached to a main fan diffuser is designed. To reduce water loss blown away by the airflow from the exchange tower, the forces acting on droplets are analysed. Droplet motion may be classified under four conditions: (1) downward initial acceleration; (2) upward initial acceleration; (3) droplet blown away by airflow; (4) droplet suspension. With droplet break-up neglected, a general equation for the maximum droplet drop-height is presented and numerical calculations are performed. Equations for the maximum drop-height under Conditions 3 and 4 are deduced, and the equation for Condition 3 is applied to an engineering case study. The effect of air velocity on the maximum drop-height is more significant than that of other factors. The conclusions provide a novel approach to optimizing the design of vertical countercurrent water-air heat and moisture exchange towers attached to main fan diffusers.

9 illus, 2 tables, 19 ref

022090   Chandrasekaran V;Senthilkumar P;Senthilkumar M (Apparel Technology Dep, PSG Polytechnic College, Coimbatore-641 004, Email: cmsenthilkumar@yahoo.com) : Yarn sample preparation techniques and yarn diameter measurement for analysing cut-cross sectional view of hollow core dref spun yarns. J Instn Engrs : Ser E 2014, 95(2), 89-95.

Yarn pore size and its distribution influence the structural, physical, thermal behaviour and moisture content of the fabrics. Analysis of the microscopic view of cut-cross sectional of yarn is a way forward to measure the yarn pore size and its distribution. The method of yarn sample preparation is important for capturing the cut cross sectional view of different yarns. Three different yarn sample preparation methods were developed for this purpose. Yarn outer and core diameter measurement using microscopic image help to predict the hollow yarn pore size, packing density and linear density. These three methods used to prepare the yarn for cross sectional microscopic study and comparison study was also made. There is a good correlation found among the selected methods.

7 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

022089   Bramhe S S;Nehare P;Gohane S (ETC, RGCER, , Nagpur, Maharashtra) : Gain enhancement of elliptical monopole antenna using defected ground structure and slot. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2015, 4(3), 48-52.

The aim of this paper is to present the elliptical monopole Antenna which covers the Ultra Wide Band 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. This is a simulation based study .The design and simulation of the antenna is carried out using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS 13.0) software. It is widely used technology in many fields such as communication, satellite communication. Our antenna supports resonating frequency 4.32 GHz and 4 GHz for WLAN (wireless local area network), 3.5 GHz for WIMAX (worldwide interoperability for microwave access). The proposed antenna is designed on FR4 PCB having size 30 mm x 30 mm x 1.6 mm. The antenna exhibits a good VSWR and Return Loss over the entire frequency range. The antenna has been designed according to some suggested and known formulae.

12 illus, 2 tables, 7 ref

022088   Bose S;Bhattacharyya S (NO, , ) : Numerical study on static and dynamic characteristics of electromagnetic air compressor used in household refrigerators. J expl appl Mech 2014, 5(3), 8-15.

With the development of high-strength magnetic material, moving magnet linear compressors have been gradually introduced in the fields of refrigeration and cryogenic engineering, especially in Stirling. This paper presents computational investigations on the static and dynamic characteristics of a moving magnet. Equivalent magnetic circuits and finite element approaches have been used to model the moving magnet linear motor. In this paper an electromagnetic air compressor is used, where the piston which is a permanent magnet makes a suction stroke by the use of two electro magnets which is positioned at both inner and outer dead centers, and sucks air into the cylinder which is made by non-ferromagnetic material. The variation of force verses piston displacement and the Von Mises stress verses piston displacement is reported and results obtained. Finally, the method to identify optimal points of the linear compressor has been described, which is indispensable to the design and operation of moving magnet linear compressors.