022222   Sudakara R S;Kategeri I S;Mohan Kumar N V; Jadhav M P;Adiger S;Chakravartty N;Vamadevaiah H M;Reddy V B (NO, Univ of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad Farm, Dharwad-07, Email: katageriis@uasd.in) : Discovery of single nucleotide polymorphism in Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense thorugh next generation sequencing approach. Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2017, 77(1), 126-33.

Single nucleotide polymorphism was identified using ddRAD and pooled amplicon sequencing between the allotetraploid cotton genotypes of G. hirsutum var. DS-28 (POOL-H) and G. barbadense var. SBYF-425 (POOL-B). The 471270 (470161 SNP and 1109 INDELs), 2723 (2621 SNP and 102 INDELs) and 780 (759 SNP and 21 INDELs) variant calling were predicted at - 412 - read depth of 10 in the genotypes by using G. raimondii (D₅), G. arboreum (A₂) and G. hirsutum (AD) as reference genomes, respectively. Further, filtered out false positive homoeologous SNPs between parents (DS-28 and SBYF-425) at read depth of 10, identified 245 and 45 homozygous polymorphic SNPs between parents based on pooled amplicon sequencing and ddRAD sequencing by using G. raimondii, G. arboreum and G. hirsutum as a reference genomes. Based on gene function, 5 SNPs were converted into KASPar markers and genotyped in 21 RILs for fibre quality traits. Identified polymorphic SNPs and INDELs can be used for genotyping and QTL mapping after converting into functional markers.

8 tables, 17 ref

022221   Srivastava S K;Chand R;Singh J;Amrit Pal Kaur;Jain R;Kingsly I;Raju S S (NO, ICAR-National Institute of Agricultural Economics and Policy Research, DPS Marg, Pusa, New Delhi-110 012, Email: shivendraiari@gmail.com) : Revisiting groundwater depletion and its implications on farm economics in Punjab, India. Curr Sci 2017, 113(3), 422-9.

The study identifies factors behind the groundwater depletion in Punjab (India) and examines the economics of groundwater irrigation across farm-size categories, varied groundwater levels and energy policy scenario. The farm-level evidences point out that farmers with smaller land holdings incur 2-3 times groundwater cost than those with larger land holdings. Also, small farmers are affected more adversely due to falling groundwater level. Further, financial expenses in extracting groundwater are borne equally by the society and the farmers. The withdrawal of energy subsidy is expected to reduce net returns, but at a varying rate across different crops. However, crop cultivation would still be profitable and desubsidization will result in 29-82% savings in existing groundwater use in different crops.

3 illus, 5 tables, 26 ref

022220   Sondarva K N;Rank H D;Jayswal P S;Trivedi K R (College of Agricultural Engineering& Technology, Navasari Agriculture Univ, Dediapada, Narmada-393 040, Email: ketansondarva@nau.in ) : Techno economic study of summmer sesame crop under drip irrigation with various irrigation interval and thermal regimes. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(2), 123-8.

The study investigated the techno economic feasibility of summer sesame crop under drip irrigation with various irrigation interval and thermal regimes. The experiment was designed withfour levels of thermal regime (four different dates of sowing 1st February, 16th February, 1st March and 16th March, 2012) and three levels of irrigation interval (viz., 3 days, 4 days, 5 days) with drip irrigation and 7 days with surface irrigation, with and without mulch as common to all treatment. The results of the experiment revealed that the highest and lowest net return with water saving value was found as '100877.67/ha and '4072.90/ha without mulch under treatment 16th February and 5 days irrigation interval with mulch and 1st February and 5 days irrigation interval without mulch respectively. The highestIncremental Cost Benefit Ratio for drip irrigation adoption over surface irrigation was found as 10.98 without mulch and 8.44 with mulch respectively under the treatment 16th February and 5 days irrigation interval. Conclusion derived from the results that drip irrigation will be beneficial for summer sesame crop grower for both, economical as well as water saving parameter.

2 illus, 5 tables, 21 ref

022219   Smita Kumari;Thakur S;Sudhir Kumar (Vegetable Science and Floriculture Dep, CSKHPKV, Palampur, Email: smitak659@gmail.com) : Effect of heat stress on morphology, physiology and molecular aspects of crops. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(1), 1-5.

Heat stress becomes an important threat for agriculture. The severity of stress is determined by the temperature differential and the duration of exposure. Temporary or persistently higher temperature is responsible for morphological, physiological and biochemical changes in plant species that affect plant growth and development and direct to a severe decline in economic yield. High temperatures can cause considerable pre and post-harvest damages, including scorching of leaves and twigs, sunburns on leaves, branches and stems, leaf senescence and abscission, shoot and root growth inhibition, fruit discoloration and damage, and reduced yield. After that it affects the physiology of photosynthesis, respiration, electron transport system and water relations. It can be mitigated by development of variety enriched with heat sock protein.

^iia91 ref

022218   Sisodiya R R;Babaria N B;Patel H P (Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science Dep, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural Univ, Junagadh-362 001, Email: hiren_agri36@yahoo.co.in) : Effect of sources and levels of sulphur on nutrient uptake in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(2), 139-42.

The pot experiment consisted of four sources of sulphur (Cosawet sulphur, Gypsum, Bentonite sulphur and Elemental sulphur) at five levels of sulphur (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg kg^-1). The experiment was laid out in a factorial completely randomized design. Groundnut variety GG-7 was tested in the experiment, in respect of concentration and uptake of nutrient (N, S, Ca,) at different growth stages of groundnut crop and their availability in post harvest soil. The experimental soils were vertic haplustepts medium black calcareous clayey which was slightly alkaline in reaction pH (7.8) and EC (0.58 dSm-1) low available nitrogen (242 kg ha^-1), medium in available phosphorus (39.20 kg ha^-1) and high available potash (336 kg ha^-1). The application of elemental sulphur resulted significantly highest nutrient content(N and S) in plant at 60 DAS and at harvesting stage. Whereas Ca content was non significant at 60 DAS and harvesting stage. Significantly highest concentration of N (1.27%) and S (0.226%) in plant were observed with the application sulphur @ 20 mg kg^-1 at harvesting stage. The Ca content in plant was non significant at 60 DAS and harvesting stage with increasing level of sulphur. Application of elemental sulphur @ 20 mg kg^-1 produced significant effect on uptake of N (353.4 mg plant^-1and 217.0 mg plant^-1) and S (52.6 mg plant^-1 and 92.0 mg plant^-1), whereas Ca (317.0 mg plant^-1 and 534.0 mg plant^-1) uptake was found significantly superior with application of gypsum @ 20 mg kg^-1 at both the stage of plant.

3 tables, 29 ref

022217   Sinha S;Kotasthane A S;Verulkar S B (Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Dep, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Krishak Nagar, Raipur-492 001, Email: bablysweta@gmail.com) : In silico characterization of QTL regions associated with drought tolerance traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2017, 77(1), 32-41.

An attempt was made to carry out in silico characterization of 14 putative QTL regions identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 8 associated with drought tolerance. A total of 354 BAC/PAC clones were detected in the underlying regions of putative QTLs mapped. These BAC/PAC clone nucleotide sequences were used for mining SSRs and primer designing. The tri-nucleotide motif was the most abundant class which was followed by tetra, di, penta and hexa nucleotide repeats. A total of 1849 class I SSR markers were designed from QTL regions. The underlying regions of putative QTL displayed different functional categories of drought tolerance genes, transcription factors (45.65%), protein kinases (33.94%), stress proteins (10.11%), phytohormones (9.75%) and aquaporins (0.72%). The massively parallel signature sequence (MPSS) analysis of candidate genes showed higher expression for transcription factor having WRKY and zinc finger super family (LOC_Os02g08440) in stem, immature panicle, developing seeds, mature leaves, mature roots, merismatic tissues, cold, drought and salt stressed young roots transcript - 410 - tissue library. The functional validation identified putative genes based on MPSS signatures will facilitate to unravel the complexity of drought tolerance at molecular level and further will accelerate the genetic improvement of drought tolerance in rice.

3 illus, 8 tables, 42 ref

022216   Singh R P;Srivastava P;Sharma A;Bains N S (NO, Punjab Agricultural Univ, Ludhiana, Punjab, Email: rupinder03.pau@gmail.com) : Genetic basis of stripe rust resistance in transgressive derivatives of a cross between susceptible bread wheat parents. Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2017, 77(1), 10-5.

Parental lines, F₁s, F₂ populations as well as F₃ and F₄ families and F₆, F₇ RILs from bread wheat cross PBW 621 x HD 2967 were evaluated for stripe rust resistance against a highly virulent pathotype in experiments spanning six crop seasons. HD2967, the widely cultivated wheat variety in North Western Plains of India and PBW 621 have shown successively lowered levels of stripe rust resistance over the years. F₁ of these parents showed lack of dominance. The segregation pattern for stripe rust resistance in F₂, F₃ and F₄ showed transgressiveness for resistance. Chi-square analysis indicated that resistant segregants possess two genes, one contributed by PBW 621 and the other by HD 2967. These results were confirmed over two years using F₆ and F₇ RILs. Possible genetic mechanisms for this residual resistance and implications for breeding programme are discussed.

4 tables, 17 ref

022215   Singh R P;Pratap N;Babu U;Shekhar R;Kumar S; Vishnoi R K (NO, CCSPG College, Heonra (Saifai) Etawah-206 130, Email: rudra.agento@gmail.com) : Occurrence of insect pests with cauliflower in indo gangetic plains zone of Uttar Pradesh, India. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(1), 15-18.

The extensive studies on insects pests associated with cauliflower were conducted in different localities of Indo Gangetic plains zone of U.P.'s - 409 - districts villages i.e. Dobhihara of Sultanpur and Pithla, Akma, Bawan and Sidhauna of Faizabad during 2009-10 and 2010-11. Eighteen arthropods have been found associated at different growth stages viz., seedling stage, 4-6 leaves stage, 10-12 leaves stage, folding stage, curd development stage and pre-harvest stage of cauliflower. The families Lepidoptera were the dominant families as represented by 7 species followed by Hemiptera having 3 species; then Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Araceae each having 2 species and least by Orthoptera and Mantodea each having 1 species. On the basis of nature of damage the insect pests were also categorized as defoliators, sap feeders, borer, natural enemies and arthropod of symbiotic group with general activity.

4 tables, 48 ref

022214   Singh R K;Dubey S K;Pareek B;Singh A K; Acharya S (Soil and Nano Science Dep, Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, DRDO, Leh-Ladakh, Email: rajanmpsingh@gmail.com) : Impact of selective herbicides on weed ecology and yield of late sown wheat crop in indo-gangatic plains of India. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(1), 78-83.

One of the factors in limiting the crop growth is weeds and chemical control methods are considered to be appropriate in controlling weeds. But Continuous use of a particular herbicide may result in tolerance in weeds. To find out the suitable and most effective newly developed herbicides against important grassy species of weeds of wheat viz. Phalaris minor and other important weeds appearing in late sown wheat due to development of resistance, which may be one of important limiting factors responsible for low yield that hampers crop productivity. Application of pinoxaden was found more effective against grassy weeds while carfentrazone was quite suitable against broad-leaved weeds (BLW). Most appropriate combination of herbicides against both (grassy and BLW) was pinoxaden 40 g and carfentrazone 25g which was almost at par to weed free situation.

2 illus, 2 tables, 37 ref

022213   Singh P K;Pramod Kumar;Shiv Kumar;Shripal (NO, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Baghra, Muzaffarmagar, Uttar Pradesh, Email: drpramodsoil@gmail.com) : Impact of seed cum ferti-drill for wheat sowing after paddy harvesting in Muzaffarnagar district, Uttar Pradesh. Int J Sci Nat 2017, 8(3), 654-7.

The study was conducted to assess the performance of tractor operated seed cum fertilizer drill for sowing of wheat after paddy harvesting. The field tests were conducted on clay loam soil. The treatments were T1-Wheat sowing using broadcasting method T2-Wheat sowing using tractor operated seed cum fertilizer drill with seed rate of 100 kg/ha. Wheat sowing using seed cum fertilizer drill showed better results over farmers practice and recorded higher yield. The field capacity, depth of sowing and yield was found to be 0.66 ha/h, 7 cm and 50.58 q/ha, respectively compared to 0.45 ha/h, no depth and 43.06 q/ha observed in case of conventional broadcasting method. The mechanized method of sowing resulted in 50% more depth of sowing compared to broadcasting method. The tractor operated seed cum fertilizer drill was found to be better compared to traditional broadcasting method.

1 illus, 3 tables, 8 ref

022212   Singh M;Poonia M K;Kumhar B L (Krishi Vighan Kendra, Agriculture Univ, Borkhera, Kota, Email: mskvktonk@gmail.com) : Climate change : Impact, adaptation and mitigation. Agric Rev 2017, 38(1), 67-71.

Climate and agriculture are intensely interrelated global processes and therefore a change in - 408 - climate affects agricultural production. One such change is global warming which is projected to have significant impacts on environment affecting agriculture, including higher carbon dioxide emission, rise in atmospheric temperature, higher glacial run-off, changed precipitation and the interaction of these elements. These conditions determine the carrying capacity of the biosphere to produce enough food for the human population and domesticated animals. The present paper might help to anticipate and adapt farming to maximize agricultural production.

^iia24 ref

022211   Singh M P;Ashok Kumar (Floriculture and Landscaping Dep, N.D. Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Faizabad-224 229, Email: akmnduat@yahoo.com) : Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus levels on sprouting of bulbs, vegetative growth and bulb production of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.). Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(1), 47-9.

An experiment was carried out at Main Experiment station, Department of Floriculture and Lanscape, Narendre Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Faizabad (U.P.) during the year 2014-2015. The experiment conducted in Randomized Block Design (factorial) manner including 16 treatment combinations, comprising of 4 levels of nitrogen (0, 200, 300 and 400 kg/ha) and 4 levels of phosphorus (0, 150, 200 and 250 kg/ha). Results revealed that higher levels of nitrogen and phosphorus had reduced the days taken to complete sprouting (31 days), increased the sprouting percentage (95%) and number of sprouts (3.45) per bulb, they also enhanced the plant height (49.80 cm) and number of leaves (25.80) per plants. It has been noticed that nitrogen and phosphorus levels influenced the number and weight of bulbs produced per clump as well as per hectare. Maximum number of bulbs (8.93) and bulb weight (280.00 g) per clumps were recorded with N3P3 treatment (400 kg N+250 kg P per ha).

1 table, 18 ref

022210   Singh M;Chauhan A;Rakesh Kumar;Joshi D;Soni P G;Meena V K (Forage research and management Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001, Email: magansingh07@gmail.com) : Dual purpose barley as affected by date of sowing, varieties and stage of harvesting. Agric Rev 2017, 38(2), 159-64.

Barley is primarily a cereal grain crop grown in rabi season and widely used for food, fodder and in beer industry. Dual purpose barley provides quality fodder as well as grain. Cutting at early stage at about 50-55 days after sowing, provides good quality of fodder particularly in lean period (mid December to mid January) for feeding to the animals. After harvesting for fodder, the regenerated crop left for grain production without sacrificing the grain yield with similar management as grain crop. For dual purpose barley need to evaluate the cultivars, optimum sowing time and stage of harvesting is a critical issue for production of good quality fodder as well as grain. Hence in this review article it has been emphasized for production of quality fodder and grain as influenced by date of sowing, dual barley variety used as suitable cultivars, and appropriate stage of harvesting which had been revealed and cited by different scientists, workers and co-workers.

^iia44 ref

022209   Singh H G;Rai V N;Sissodi B V S;Nand V;Singh H Y (Agri. Statistics Dep, N.D. Univ of Agri and Tech., Faizabad-224 229, Email: hshargovind@gmail.com) : Forecasting of pre-harvest crop yield using discriminant function analysis of meteorological parameters. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(1), 11-14.

In the present paper, an application of discriminant function analysis of meteorological parameters for developing suitable statistical models to forecast on wheat yield in Sultanpur district of Eastern Utter Pradesh has been demonstrated. Time series data on wheat yield for 22 years (1990-91 to 2011-12) have been divided into three groups, viz. congenial, normal, and adverse based on de-trended yield distribution. Considering these groups as three populations, discriminant function analysis using weekly data of crop season on eight meteorological parameters has been carried out. The discriminant scores obtained from this have been used as regressor variables along with time trend in development of statistical models. In all six procedures using weekly weather data have been proposed. The models developed have been used to forecast the wheat yield for the year 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12 which were not included in the development of the models. It has been found that most of the models provide reliable forecast of the wheat yield about two months before the harvest. It can be concluded that the Model-D1 and Model-D3 are the most suitable models among all the models. Hence, a reliable forecast of wheat yield about two and half months before the harvest - 407 - can be obtained from the Model-D1 as well as Model-D3. In all the models, the time trend variable T has been found to be significant at one percent probability level of significance (P <60> 0.01). First discriminant score (ds1) has been found to be significant at P <60> 0.01 in all the models while the model 5 significant at P <60> 0.05.

2 tables, 13 ref

022208   Singh E;Saini V P;Sharma O P (Aquaculture Dep, College of Fisheres, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan) : Sex reversal in red tilapia (Oreochromis spp) fry by immersion technique. Int J Fauna biol Stud 2018, 5(1), 34-6.

In immersion technique, three doses of 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) (100, 300 and 400 μg/l) were applied for four different exposure durations (i.e 3, 6, 9 and 12 hrs). It is clear from the obtained data that the immersion of O. niloticus fry in 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) at 300μg/liter for 12 hours resulted in the highest percentage of male population (90.00%) showing that exposure time has significant impact (P<60>0.01). Similarly, other doses were also significant at 5% level of probability. However, the interaction of hormone doses and immersion time were statistically non significant.

4 tables, 10 ref

022207   Singh A K;Yadav Y S;Anand R K;Wani A M (School of Forestry and Environment, SHIATS, Allahabad-211 007, Email: aksinghforestry@gmail.com) : Genetic divergence in pod and seed traits of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre: a versatile leguminous tree. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(1), 91-4.

Pongamia pinnata is a medium-sized fast growing nitrogen fixing tree popularly known as Karanj. It is an excellent multipurpose tree with each and every part of the tree having specific use. The seeds of Pongamia - 406 - contain 30 to 40% thick reddish brown oil known as Pongam oil, which can be converted to biodiesel by transesterification method. Thirty candidate plus trees (CPTs) of P. pinnata were selected from 30 different locations in Uttar Pradesh for the study of genetic divergence in pod and seed characters. The eight Principal Component (PCs) explained large portion (97.12%) of the total variation. The study revealed that the cluster analysis performed on the scores of the first eight PCs resulted into five clusters with cluster IV comprised highest number of ten candidate plus tree followed by cluster II, III, V and I having 7, 7, 5 and 1 CPT, respectively. Seven CPTs in cluster II (S₂, S₃, S₁₃, S₂₂, S₂₃, S₂₆ and S₂₇) had high mean values and combination of desirable traits and can be directly selected for further genetic improvement programme.

5 tables, 16 ref

022206   Singh A K;Naveen Kumar;Srivastava S;Singh K P;Dey S;Raghuwansi P D S;Singh A P (Surgery Div, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh) : Evaluation of the efficacy of bubaline rumen derived extracellular matrix in umbilical hernioplasty in buffalo calves. Int J Fauna biol Stud 2018, 5(1), 29-33.

Large umbilical hernias of buffalo calves pose a clinical challenge to the surgeons due to their large sized rings and immense distortion of hernial margins. If not managed timely, the deformity gets even worse because of inadequate tissue at the site to enable a satisfactory closure. In such cases, hernioplasty with implantation of synthetic or animal origin biomaterials is required. In the present study, a biomaterial i.e. bubaline rumen derived extracellular matrix was prepared and evaluated in umbilical hernioplasty in buffalo calves (n=26). The bubaline rumen derived extracellular matrix allowed a tension free repair of hernias and significant reduction in postoperative pain, length of recovery period and recurrence.

10 illus, 20 ref

022205   Shweta Kumari;Dubey S K (Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Dep, CSAUA&T, Kanpur-208 002, Email: shwetacsa11oct@gmail.com) : Impact of fe application and Rhizobium inoculation on root nodulation and yield of chickpea. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(3), 239-42.

The root nodulation and yield of chickpea plants grown with different Fe concentrations and Rhizobium culture was studied in comparison to the un-inoculation at screen house. Treatments consisted four levels of iron i.e. 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 ppm and two levels of microbial inoculation i.e. un-inoculation and inoculation with Rhizobium. The treatments replicated four times in completely randomized design (factorial) in cemented pots. The results indicated that among the iron levels, 5.0 ppm showed better effect on number of nodules per plant (14.00, 19.00 and 10.00) at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS), respectively. The grain (20.03 g pot^-1), stover (23.97 g pot^-1) yield and test weight of seeds (20.90 g) was also significantly increased with 5.0 ppm ferrous chloride in comparison to 0, 2.5 and 7.5 ppm levels. The seed treatment of chickpea with Rhizobium culture significantly increased the root nodulation (12.00, 18.50 and 8.75, respectively), grain (19.78 g pot^-1) and stover (23.73 g pot^-1) yield and test weight (20.85 g). In future, the experimental results may prove very useful for increase the nodulation and yield in chickpea with test weight.

2 tables, 30 ref

022204   Shridevi B M;Rudra Naik V (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, AICRP on Wheat and Barley (MARS), UAS, Dharwad-580 005, Email: bmshree.4795@gmail.com) : Dissection of genetic variability for traits related to mechanical harvesting and yield components in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(2), 111-14.

In the present scenario, mechanization of farm operations for improving efficiency and reducing the cost of cultivation is being widely adopted in India. Due to non availability of cultivars suitable for mechanical harvesting in chickpea it is mainly harvested by hand and due to increasing labour cost, the manual harvesting is becoming expensive. Hence, present investigation was carried out to understand the components of genetic variance for the traits related to mechanical harvesting and yield components. Therefore, 58 diverse lines were evaluated in RBD with two replications for tallness as well as traits suitable for mechanical harvesting. All the traits under study showed a wide range of variation. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as a percent over mean was shown by many characters except days to maturity, number of internodes per plant and stem bio-density. Thus the selection based on key traits like stem - 405 - thickness, plant height, internodal length on main stem, seeds per plant, yield per plant, biomass per plant, stem bio-density and hundred seed weight would be useful in the chickpea improvement and pyramiding of traits needed for machanical harvesting and high yield.

3 tables, 18 ref

022203   Sharma R;Messar Y (Horticulture Dep, G.B. Pant Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, Email: rishu.sharma155@gmail.com) : Transgenics in ornamental crops: creating novelties in economically important cut flowers. Curr Sci 2017, 113(1), 43-52.

Development of transgenics is the need of the modern era of plant breeding, as they possess the potential to incorporate those characters in crop varieties which are either difficult or impossible through conventional breeding approaches. In case of ornamental crops, the progress made in transgenic breeding is not that impressive like in cereals, pulses and vegetables, but the initiatives taken and advancements made have implicated the bright future of this technology in ornamental crops. Improved morphology, flower colour, resistance and fragrance are some of the desired novel traits in ornamental crops where transgenic approaches need to intervene. Transgenic breeding in major cut-flower crops like rose, chrysanthemum, gladiolus and carnation has provided avenues for incorporation of novel traits in other ornamental crops as well and has made such crops an ideal target for application of other advanced technologies.

^iia98 ref

022202   Sawant C G;Shinde P R;Bharati M S;Nalwandikar P K (Agricultural Entomology Dep, College of Agriculture, Latur-413 512, Email: cgsk123456@gmail.com) : Effect of mulberry leaf dipping in various nutritional ingredients on economic traits of silkworm. J ent Res 2017, 41(1), 103-6.

The study revealed that the feeding of mulberry leaves dipped in solution containing 0.2% N + 0.1% P + 0.3% K + 0.2% ascorbic acid (vit. C) recorded lowest incidence of diseases, higher effective rate of rearing, single cocoon weight, single shell weight, silk filament length and silk filament weight.

2 tables, 23 ref

022201   Sasode R S;Pandya R K;Fathepuria P K (Plant Pathology Dep, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh) : Management of pearl millet downy mildew by the application of bio-agents, chemicals and botanical. Int J chem Stud 2018, 6(1), 606-8.

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.)R.Br.) Popularly known as bajra is a major warm-season cereal, largely grown under rainfed conditions in India. Downy mildew incited by Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet is the most widespread and destructive disease of pearl millet in India. The disease was observed two weeks after sowing as chlorotic strips on the upper surface of the leaves which progresses from base to top majority of infected plants were fail to form normal healthy earheads which ultimately effected the yield. The bio agent viz., Psuedomonas fluorescence, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma viride andTrichoderma harzianum were evaluated as seed dresser. The fungicide viz., Metalaxyl @ 6g/kg and Amectoctradin + Dimethomorph @ 0.4 ml/ 500 ml water were also evaluated as seed dresser while Mancozeb @ 0.2% and Neem leaf extract @10% were applied once as foliar application. Foliar application of Mancozeb @ 0.2% was found most effective in respect of significant reduction of downy mildew (2.28%) and grain yield enhancement2025 kg/ha as compare to control in which 10.19% and 1679 kg/ha disease incidence and yield was recorded respectively. For the control of downy mildew Mancozeb was significantly superior over all the tested bio agent seed dressing and also with the seed dressing with Amectoctradin+ Dimethomorph @0.4 ml/ 500 ml waterwhiles it was statistically at par with metalaxyl seed dressing and application of Neem leaf extract @ 10%. Foliar application of Neem leaf extract @10% and seed dressing with Metalaxyl @ 6g/kg also significantly checked the downy mildew and these two were significantly superior over the seed dressing with all the tested bio agents also. The - 404 - encouraging result of neem leaf extract as foliar application gives a sign that it may act as an alternative to the fungicides in the light of an eco-friendly management of pearl millet downy mildew.

1 illus, 1 table, 8 ref

022200   Sarker U;Islam M T;Rabbani M G;Oba S (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu Univ, Gifu, Japan, Email: umakanta@bsmrau.edu.bd) : Genotypic diversity in vegetable amaranth for antioxidant, nutrient and agronomic traits. Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2017, 77(1), 173-6.

In this investigation, magnitude of genetic divergence was studied in 25 vegetable amaranth using D² statistics. The genotypes were grouped into 5 clusters with the highest number of genotypes (10) in cluster V. High inter-cluster distance indicated that genotypes of cluster III were far diverged from the genotypes in cluster I, II and IV, respectively. The PCA indicated prominent contribution of protein, foliage yield, leaf area and Zn content towards total divergence. Cluster I and Cluster III could be considered for excellent antioxidant and nutrients and high foliage yield. Cluster II for nutrients, cluster IV for antioxidant and nutrients and cluster V for antioxidant, nutrients, and foliage yield. Based on inter-cluster distance, intra-cluster and scatter diagram, the genotypes AA28, AA15, AA19, AA26, AA9 and AA17 would be potential genotypes for generating transgressive segregants.

^ssc1 illus, 3 tables, 19 ref

022199   Sarika K;Hossain F;Muthusamy V;Baveja A; Zunjare R;Goswami R;Thirunavukkarasu N;Saha S;Gupta H S (Gentics Div, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: fh_gpb@yahoo.com) : Exploration of novel Opaque16 mutation as a source of high lysine and tryptophan in maize endosperm. Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2017, 77(1), 59-64.

In the present study, two F₂ populations derived by crossing wild type-(CML533 and CML537) and o16-donor line (QCL3024) were raised and genotyped. The recessive o16o16 possessed nearly two-fold more lysine (0.247%) and tryptophan (0.072%) in mutants, than wild type (0.125% lysine and 0.035% tryptophan) across populations. However, o16o16 showed wide variation for both lysine (0.111-0.376%) and tryptophan (0.027-0.117%) across populations, suggesting the role of modifier loci. The study did not show any significant correlation (r=0.14) between lysine and tryptophan, however some segregants with highlysine (<62>0.300%) and-tryptophan (<62>0.090%) were identified. Some of the segregants with o16o16 possessed comparable lysine and tryptophan with o2o2 - 403 - genotypes. These o16o16 segregants may serve as novel genetic resource in the QPM breeding programme, and some of them can be used for enhancement of both lysine and tryptophan in place of o2 mutant. This is the first ever report of influence of o16 on accumulation of tryptophan in maize.

3 illus, 1 table, 21 ref

022198   Sao M K;Markam N K;Nair S K;Khandual S;Kujur P (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, IGKV, Raipur (CG)-492 012, Email: manojsao11@gmail.com) : Studies on genetic divergence for yield attributing traits in mugbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(3), 288-90.

A thirty genotypes of green gram used to study the nature and magnitude of genetic divergence using Mahalanobis D2 Statistics. The data for ten important traits recorded from the genotypes raised in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The thirty green gram genotypes were grouped into five clusters. Cluster V contained the highest number of fourteen genotypes followed by cluster III and IV with has five-five genotypes. The patterns of distribution of genotypes from different geographical location into five clusters were random, demonstrating that geographical isolation may not be the only factor causing genetic diversity. The highest intra-cluster distance was observed for cluster V (1.506) and the lowest intra-cluster distance was observed for cluster I (0.759). While the highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster II and IV (7.677) and the lowest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster I and V (2.664). The cluster IV has high mean value for days to 50% flowering (69.07), plant height (50.31), days to maturity (100.07), number of pods per cluster (4.02), number of seeds per pod (11.09) and seed yield per plant (5.31). Thus genotypes of these clusters may be used as potential parents for hybridization program for developing high yielding mungbean varieties.

4 tables, 13 ref

022197   Sambhrant Kumar;Singh N N;Mishra V K (Entomology and Agricultural Zoology Dep, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi-221 005, Email: sambhrant12bhu@gmail.com) : Studies on the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on aphid, Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. population under mustard ecosystem. J ent Res 2017, 41(1), 69-75.

Attempts were made to study the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on aphid, L. erysimi Kalt. population under mustard crop ecosystem during rabi season of 2015-2016. The correlation studies of aphid population with bioagent population showed negative impact with 'r' value of -0.5446 with a regression coefficient 0.1550 and is observed to be statistically non-significant even at p ≤ 0.05. The regression equation fitted with the bioagent revealed that for every increase of one unit of bioagent there would be a decrease of 0.1550 number of test insect. The occurrence of bioagent population was observed during third week of January when the mean aphid population was varying between 10.07 to 21.67 aphid/10 cm terminal shoot. During 3rd week of January the mean of bioagent population was observed to be 0.04 per plant on 20.01.2016. However the effect of abiotic factors (temperature, humidity, rainfall) with aphid population revealed that - 402 - maximum and minimum temperature were found to be statistically non-significant with a regression coefficient of -0.1807 and 0.3191, maximum and minimum relative humidity were also statistically non-significant with a regression coefficient of 0.0521 and -0.0761 and rainfall have negative correlation with aphid population r = -0.7650 with a regression coefficient of -0.0098. The maximum and minimum temperatures on day of observation were 19°C and 11°C and the maximum and minimum relative humidity were 94 per cent and 69 per cent, respectively. On successive days of observation at an interval of 7 days the bioagent population gradually increased till 24.02.2016 reaching to a peak of mean population of 1.52 per plant.

2 illus, 3 tables, 26 ref

022196   Sahithya B R;Raju B;hipparagi K;Raghavendra S;Sagar B S (Fruit Science Dep, College of Horticulture, Univ of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot-587 103, Email: sahithyagowdab@gmail.com ) : Effect of phytohormones and signal molecules on biochemical changes and shelf life of banana fruit. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(3), 205-8.

An investigation was undertaken to study the effect of post harvest application of phytohormones and signal molecules on shelf life and biochemical quality of banana cv. Grand Naine. Freshly harvested banana fruits were treated with different phytohormones and signal molecules and kept at ambient condition. The maximum shelf life (24.33 days), green life (17 days) and titratable acidity (0.41%) were recorded in treatment with 150ppm GA₃ (gibberellic acid). Whereas, treatment with 1Mm SNP (sodium nitroprusside) exhibited the maximum yellow life (7.67days) and finally extended the shelf life up to 23 days. Fruits treated with 0.5gL^-1 kinetin recorded the maximum total protein (16.40mg/g) with 21 days storage life. Fruits treated with ethrel 1mlL^-1 recorded the highest percentage of reducing sugar (11.98%) and exhibited the rapid sugar accumulation and the minimum shelf life (8days). Untreated fruits showed the shelf life of 16 days. According to the findings, the best treatment for shelf life enhancement is 150ppm GA₃.

4 tables, 27 ref

022195   Sagar B S;Raju B;Sahithya B R (Fruit science Dep, Univ of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, College of Horticulure Bagalkot-587 104, Email: sagar99022@gmail.com) : Post-harvest evaluation of banana genotypes for quality and shelf life. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(3), 213-15.

The study was undertaken in fruit science laboratory, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka during 2013-2014. Twenty - 401 - three different genotypes of desert and cooking banana were evaluated for quality and shelf life. Banana Fruit of many of the cooking genotypes had a significantly longer shelf life than that of the desert banana. The maximum total soluble solids (23.80°brix) and reducing sugar content (13.25%) were found in the genotype Lalchakrakeli. The lowest acidity was noticed in Rajapuri (0.13%). Robusta recorded the maximum (178.33g) pulp weight among all other genotypes investigated and also the maximum (62.67g) peel weight whereas, Elakkibale recorded the highest (5.80%) pulp to peel ratio. The longest green life (15.66 days), shelf life (22.33 days) and the maximum firmness (56.40 N) was noticed in the genotype Balbisiana however, the longest yellow life (6.67 days) was observed in the genotype Poovan.

3 tables, 15 ref

022194   Rocha D;Ashokan P K;Santhoshkumar A V;Anoop E V;Sureshkumar P (College of Forestry, Kerala agricultural Univ, Vellanikkara, Thrissur-680 656, Email: delphycof@gmail.com) : Anatomy and functional status of haustoria in field grown sandalwood tree (Santalum Album L.). Curr Sci 2017, 113(1), 130-3.

A study on the physiology of root parasitism in sandal (Santalum album L.) was conducted by comparing a six-year-old sandal grown alone and along with a host (Casuarina equisetifolia). Although maximum haustorial connections were observed when grown along with the host, sandal formed haustorial connections with plants including grass up to a distance of 3 m. Anatomical studies on haustoria indicated a vascular connectivity between the host and sandal. While the haustoria functioned as a physiological unit supporting nutritional requirements of sandal, direct lumen- lumen xylem connections between sandal and host were absent. Functional status of the haustorial connection was studied by radio-labelling the host (Casuarina) and nearby grass with phosphorus (³²P). Presence of translocated ³²P in sandal was noticed after six hours of labelling the host. ³²P activity was noticed from eight days up to 16 days after which then it started decreasing. Study with multiple hosts revealed that the extent of translocation from hosts to sandal varied from 28.9% (coconut + Casuarina + rubber as host) to 78.5% (Casuarina + rubber as hosts). Reverse translocation of ³²P from sandal to host was also observed. The study concludes that it is not necessary to plant the host along with the sandal as it is practiced presently.

4 illus, 4 tables, 8 ref

022193   Reyes R G;Umagat M R;Garcia B L;Barza A J J; Sumi R;Mori N;Miyazawa N;Eguchi F (NO, Central Luzon State Univ, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines, Email: renato.reyes@clsu.edu.ph) : New record of the mycoparasitic habit of collybia reinakeana RGR-FE- NSCE strain against aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum and cladosporium sphaerospermum. Int J pharm Res Allied Sci 2017, 6(3), 29-32.

The mechanism of the parasitic action of Collybia reinakeana RGR-FE-NSC strain was elucidated with our aim of establishing its mycoparasitic habit. Mycoparasitism was documented using Hitachi SU1510 scanning electron microscope. The ultrastructural examination of its fungal interaction with the three fungal epiphytes namely Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum and Cladosporium sphaerospermum revealed its ability to exhibit mycoparasitic activity such as the thickening and coiling of its hyphae. Also, the twisting and dehydration of the hypha of the fungal epiphyte was observed as a result of the mycoparasitism of C. reinakeana.

3 illus, 14 ref

022192   Ravneet Kour;Paul N;Sharma A (Krishi Vigyan Kendra Doda, Sher-e-Kashmir Univ of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Jammu, (J&K)-180 009, Email: kourravneet24@yahoo.com) : Biological inputs in vegetable production. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(1), 6-10.

Environmental concerns and awareness on soil and human health has led to renewed interest in organic production of high value crops. In view of sustainable productivity and increased demand for quality produce, the organic inputs are the only alternative. The indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers has led to so many problems although they have played a great role in increasing the yield. In this review, the scattered information on the nature, role and utility of biological inputs in - 400 - vegetable crop production has been compiled. This may be helpful in enhancing knowledge regarding biological inputs and draw attention of the researchers and scientists to further work on it.

^iia45 ref

022191   Ravindra Kumar;Turkhede A B;Nagar R K;Rajesh Kumar (Agronomy Dep, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharastra-444 104, Email: ravindrapanchal5541@gmail.com) : Effect of american cotton based intercropping system on yield, quality and economics. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(1), 75-7.

The field experiment entitled "Effect of american cotton based intercropping system on yield, quality and economics" was conducted during kharif season of 2014-15 at the farm of AICRP for Dryland Agriculture, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (Maharashtra). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design, replicated thrice with eleven treatments. Seed cotton yield (1139 kg ha^-1), stalk yield (1898 kg ha^-1), biological yield (3164 kg ha^-1), ginning percentage (41.8%) and seed index (8.47) were recorded highest in sole cotton than rest of treatments. Whereas harvest index (46.22), lint index (5.84) and earliness index (0.61) were recorded higher in cotton + clusterbean intercropping system. While maximum GMR (76302 Rs ha^-1), NMR (34066 Rs ha^-1) and B:C ratio (1.81) were recorded significantly in cotton + cowpea intercropping system.

1 illus, 2 tables, 25 ref

022190   Rampure N H;Choudhary A D;Jambhulkar S J; Badere R S (Botany Dep, Hislop College, Temple Road, Civil Lines, Nagpur-440 001, Email: rsbadere@rediffmail.com) : Isolation of desirable mutants in safflower for crop improvement. Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2017, 77(1), 134-44.

The present investigation was undertaken to isolate mutants having promising traits for safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) improvement. Two varieties of safflower viz., AKS-207 and Bhima were mutagenised with ethyl methanesulphonate, sodium azide and gamma rays. All the mutagens decreased pollen fertility in M₁ generation with the increase in their dose. The screening of M₂ population led to the isolation of several putative mutants. The frequency of mutations varied according to the mutagen, its dose and the variety concerned. The evaluation of these putative mutants in M₃ generation resulted in selection of early bolting, dwarf, highly branched, large head, high test weight, thin hull, high oil content and high oleic acid mutants on the basis of their utility in breeding for safflower improvement. Amongst the three mutagens used, sodium azide proved to be most effective and efficient mutagen for induction of mutations in safflower.

6 illus, 4 tables, 39 ref

022189   Ramprasad E;Senthilvel S;Jatoth J L;Yamini K N;Dangi K S;Ranganatha A R G;Varaprasad K S (NO, ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad-500 030, Email: senthilvel.senapathy@icar.gov.in) : Insight into morphological and molecular diversity in indian sesame cultivars. Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2017, 77(2), 271-7.

Extent of genetic diversity in a collection of 41 sesame genotypes comprising advanced breeding lines and varieties was assessed based on phenotypic (19 morphological and quantitative traits) and genotypic (68 SSR loci) data. Wide variation was observed for quantitative traits, namely, plant height (86-137 cm). No. of capsules/plant (42-116), days to maturity (81-103) and seed yield/plant (10-23g)., SSR markers showed 29% polymorphism with an average of 2.8 alleles/locus and 0.409 PIC value indicating a trend of moderate level of diversity at molecular level in the collection. The results - 399 - reinforce the need for using both phenotypic and molecular data for genetic diversity assessments and selecting diverse lines for breeding programmes.

2 illus, 3 tables, 36 ref

022188   Ramesh Kumar;Dubey R B;Khandagale S;Dhoot M; Verma R;Meena M (Plant Breeding and Genetics Dep, Maharana Pratap Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur-313 001, Email: rameshhr1005@gmail.com) : Combining ability analysis for yield contributing and quality traits in early maturing quality protein maize (Zea mays L.) using line x tester. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(2), 105-10.

Fourty-five hybrids of maize were developed through Line x Tester design using three male tester lines and fifteen female inbred lines as parental material along with four standard checks Pratap QPM hybrid-1, Vivek QPM-9, HQPM-1 and HQPM-5, to study combining ability in maize (Zea mays L.). The parents, hybrids and four standard checks were evaluated during kharif season 2014 for 15 characters. Analysis of variance for means revealed significant differences for all the fifteen characters studied. The ratio of σ²sca / σ²gca was greater than one for all the traits. This indicated that the preponderance of non-additive gene effects in the expression of these traits. Among females, EIQ-123 had significant GCA effects for all the traits except anthesis silking interval, plant height and ear height, indicated that best general combiner for these traits, while in male parent EIQ-104 was the best general combiner for yield contributing traits viz., grain yield per plant (11.32), harvest index (2.93), ear length (0.55), and quality traits viz., oil content (0.16), starch content (0.75), protein content (0.61), lysine (0.11) and tryptophan content (0.06). The hybrid EIQ-118 x EIQ-103 (34.41) was the best specific combination for grain yield per plant followed by EIQ-124 x EIQ-103 (29.65) and EIQ-127 x EIQ-104 (22.15). In addition to above traits, hybrid EIQ-118 x EIQ-103 also showed better specific combiner for starch content (6.34), oil content (1.40), lysine (0.78) and tryptophan content (0.21). They produced significant and desirable SCA effects for most of the traits studied indicating potential for exploiting hybrid vigour in breeding programme.

5 tables, 19 ref

022187   Rajashree;Biradar B;Sashidhar V R (Crop Physiology Dep, UAS, Dharwad-580 005, Email: raju4319@gmail.com) : Vacuolar compartmentation of Na<. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(3), 261-4.

To increase salt tolerance maintenance of low concentration of Na⁺ then K⁺ and high K⁺/Na⁺ ratio is very important for enzymatic activity and other cellular activity. NHX1 transgenic rice have this capacity to maintain high K⁺/Na⁺ ratio. To know this NHX1 trasgenic and wildtype rice plants are exposed to 350mM NaCl by hydroponic method. Sodium and Potassium content was estimated by the ICP- OES. Root and leaf samples were used for estimation. Na⁺ and K⁺ content was expressed in m. mol/g of dry weight. After 45 days of treatment data revealed that there was significant difference in the Na⁺ and K⁺ concentration of root (In wildtype: Na⁺ concentration was 137.2 mM g^-1 of dry weight and K⁺ concentration was 94.09 mM g^-1 of dry weight; in transgenic line: Na⁺ concentration was 40.56 mM g^-1 of dry weight and K⁺ concentration was 115.81 mM g^-1 of dry weight) and shoot (In wildtype: Na⁺ concentration was 195.00 mM g^-1 of dry weight and K⁺ concentration was 251.10 mM g^-1 of dry weight; in transgenic line: Na⁺ concentration was 114.20 mM g^-1 of dry weight and K⁺ concentration was 291.60 mM g^-1 of dry weight). Even though transgenics had higher concentration of Na⁺ they showed tolerance to salt stress because these transgenics have mechanism of compartmentation through pgNHX1 gene, this mechanism was absent in wildtype. The K⁺ concentration was higher in roots of transgenics compared to wildtype. The K⁺/ Na⁺ ratio in the roots (0.90) and shoots (2.55) of transgenics was higher compared to wild type (0.68 in root and 1.28 in shoot). This showed that transgenics have - 398 - maintained ion homeostasis under salt stress by sequestering the toxic Na⁺ into the vacuoles. The production of ROS and the cells ability to scavenge is considered as critical features of stress tolerance. Wildtype under stress condition had produced more H₂O₂ compared to transgenic lines. This suggest that transgenic plant cells have ability to scavenge the ROS.

4 illus, 21 ref

022186   Rajaput S;Kamatar M Y;Badiger B;Bangaremma S W (Genetics and Plant breeding Dep, Univ of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005, Email: sanjeevsinghrjpt@gmail.com) : Variability studies for grain yield and component traits in F₂ segregating populations of Kharif sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(3), 249-52.

The present investigation was undertaken to study the variability, heritability and genetic advance in six F₂ segregating populations derived from cross between resistant to downy mildew and agronomically good combiner lines of sorghum. Moderate PCV and GCV with high heritability and genetic advance as per cent mean were observed in all populations for panicle length. Phenotypic and Genotypic coefficient of variability were high for grain yield and panicle weight in all the six populations, while high variability for 1000 grain weight was observed in four F₂ populations. High heritability coupled with high genetic advances was observed for panicle weight and grain yield in all the six populations indicating the role of additive gene action. Whereas, high heritability with low to moderate genetic advance in all the six segregating population for 1000 grain weight was observed, indicating the presence of both additive and non-additive gene action in the expression of these traits. Hence, simple selection for the traits like panicle weight, 1000 grain weight and grain yield would be sufficient to bring genetic improvement in the desired direction.

4 tables, 25 ref

022185   Raj S K;Syriac E K (NO, Coconut Research Station, Balaramapuram, Thiruvananthapuram-695 501, Email: sheejakraj70@gmail.com) : Weed management in direct seeded rice. Agric Rev 2017, 38(1), 41-50.

Weeds are the major biological constraint in direct seeded rice (DSR) due to the concurrent emergence of competitive weeds, absence of water to suppress weeds at the time of seedling emergence and emergence of difficult to control weeds. Strategies on weed management in direct seeded rice depend on critical period of weed control, weed flora and method to be adopted. In order to achieve the long term and sustainable management of weeds in DSR an integration of different weed management strategies like integrated weed management (IWM) are essential. The literature regarding the critical period of weed control, weed flora and different methods for the - 397 - sustainable management of weeds in direct seeded rice are reviewed in this paper.

^iia2 tables, 81 ref

022184   Rahul Kumar;Singh S K (Plant Pathology Dep, Rajendra Agricultural Univ, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar-848 125, Email: rahul.tiwari072@gmail.com) : Evaluation of organic amendments and plant extracts against Fusarium solani causing root rot of papaya (Carica papaya L.). Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(1), 25-7.

In the present investigation screening of five organic amendments viz., mustard cake, neem cake, castor cake, vermicompost and FYM evaluated against Fusarium solani by poisoned food technique, that all of the organic amendments were found significantly effective in inhibiting the radial growth of Fusarium solani in vitro. The inhibition due to different amendements ranged between 3.2 and 13.9 per cent after 240 hrs of incubation. However, among the cakes, highest inhibition of the pathogen was recorded in neemcake (13.9%) followed by mustard cake (13.5%) and castor cake (7.1%) over control. Thus, neem cake was most effective in checking the growth of the pathogen. During evaluation of plant extracts, two different concentrations (8% and 10%) of aqueous extracts of wild garlic, neem, garlic, tulsi and makoi were tested against root rot incidence on papaya under artificial condition in pot. All the plant extracts significantly inhibited the root rot incidence on papaya. The lowest root rot incidence was recorded with wild garlic with 43 per cent and 45 per cent incidence at 10 per cent and 8 per cent concentrations respectively followed by that of neem (47%) incidence and garlic (49%) incidence at their 10 per cent concentration. Among the aqueous plant extracts, wild garlic (Adenocalymma alliaceum) 10 per cent was identified as the most effective plant extract where disease symptom was not observed upto 67 days.

2 tables, 14 ref

022183   Raguvaran R;Sangeetha P;Prabakar G;Ravindra V J (NO, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly-243 122, Email: raguivri@gmail.com) : Still birth and mummification in swine. Agric Rev 2017, 38(2), 121-8.

Mummification is often noticed in pigs compared to other species due to large litter size. The agents responsible for the reproductive failure in sows may lead to a wide range of sequelae, including abortions, stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death. High prolificacy is associated with increased incidence of stillbirths and mummified fetuses. Plethoras of other foetal and maternal factors have been associated with incidence of still birth and mummification. Identification of those risk factors have been associated with stillbirth and mummified fetuses can helps in optimal herd reproductive efficiency.

^iia86 ref

022182   Pushpendra Kumar;Singh V B;Srivastava R K; Gautam D K (Vegetable Science Dep, NDUA&T, Faizabad-224 229, Email: pkgoyal4699@gmail.com) : Correlation and path coefficient analysis among different characters in germplasm of ridge gourd [Luffa acutangula L. (Roxb.)]. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(2), 157-60.

Correlation and path analysis studies conducted in thirty two germplasm of ridge gourd with the objective to know association among the characters viz.,node number to anthesis of first staminate flower,node number to anthesis of first pistillate flower, days to anthesis of first staminate flower, days to anthesis of first pistillate flower, days to first fruit harvest, average fruit length (cm), average fruit diameter (cm), number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight (g),total fruit yield/plant (kg) and vine length (m). In the present study highly significant and positive correlation with fruit yield per plant, was observed at phenotypic level with number of fruits per plant followed by average fruit weight, days to first fruit harvest, days to anthesis of first pistillate flower, node number to anthesis of first pistillate flower and average fruit diameter. he path coefficient analysis revealed appreciable amount of direct positive effect of number of fruits per plant followed by average fruit weight and days to first fruit harvest on fruit yield per plant while it shows direct negative effect of days to anthesis of first staminate flower followed by average fruit length and node number to anthesis of first staminate flower.

4 tables, 13 ref

022181   Pushpendra Kumar;Singh V B;Ram C N;Gautam D K (Vegetable Science Dep, NDUA&T, Kumarganj, Faizabad-224 229, Email: bkgoyal4699@gmail.com) : Genetic divergence study in ridge gourd [Luffa acutangula L. (Roxb.)] germplasm. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(3), 332-4.

The present investigation was conducted using thirty two germplasmof ridge gourd. Genetic divergence analysis following Mahalanobsis D2 statistics revealed wide range of genetic diversity among thirty two germplasmof ridge gourd for all the eleven characters which was pertaining to growth, yield and quality traits. The study observed for node number to anthesis of first staminate flower,node number to anthesis of first pistillate flower, days to anthesis of first staminate flower, days to anthesis of first pistillate flower, days to first fruit harvest, average fruit length (cm), average fruit diameter (cm), number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight (g),total fruit yield/plant (kg) and vine length (m).Genetic variation within and between clusters observed. The maximum intra-cluster distance observed in case of cluster IV (230.298) followed by cluster III (132.732), cluster II (97.112) and cluster I (46.043) while the minimum intra-cluster distance showed by cluster V and cluster VI (0.000), indicating genetic similarity of genotypes belonging to these respective clusters.

4 tables, 10 ref

022180   Patil A E;Deosarkar D B;Kalyankar S V (Agricultural Botany Dep, College of Agriculture, VNMKV, Parbhani-431 402, Email: amolepatil88@gmail.com) : Impact of genotype x environment interaction on the heterosis and stability for seed-cotton yield on heterozygous and homozygous genotypes in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2017, 77(1), 119-25.

Heterozygosity and homozygosity in interaction with environment shows differential response in achieving yield stability. Widely diverse seven lines and nine testers of Gossypium hirsutum L. and their resultant crosses were assessed by observing twenty three characters using a line x tester system across three different locations to estimate comparative stability of heterozygous and homozygous genotypes for seed cotton yield plant^-1. Comparisons were made using difference in heterobeltiosis, combining ability and stability parameters over environments and level of interaction with environment. An obvious increase in yield heterobeltiosis observed as environmental quality decreased indicating more stable nature of heterozygous hybrids aroused out of individual buffering than homozygous parents in low yielding environments. There was also a significant increase in SCA effects at low yielding environment. The stability parameters showed significant genotype x environment interaction. Genotype x environment interaction was linear for most of the characters - 395 - indicating preponderance of linear component in these traits and hence prediction appeared possible. This stability was attributed to the hybrids out-yielding the homozygous parents in low yielding environment. Hence this research inferred the potential use of selected heterozygous hybrids which would allow to utilise more diverse environments or to mitigate losses during environmentally stressful years than homozygotes.

4 illus, 3 tables, 16 ref

022179   Patial M;Pal D;Chaudhary H K;Jagdish Kumar; Prabhu K V (NO, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh-171 004, Email: mcaquarian@gmail.com) : Exploration of wild grass Imperata cylindrica for development of doubled haploids in winter x spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) hybrids accompanied with combining ability and hybrid potential estimation. Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2017, 77(2), 316-20.

Two spring and three winter wheat genotypes were crossed in Line x Tester manner forming six F₁'s and three spring and one winter wheat genotypes were also crossed forming two three way F₁'s. Combining ability studies indicated sufficient genetic variability in the breeding material. Among lines, HS542 showed good general combining ability for seed yield/plant and among testers KLE/BER/2*FL-8/DONSK-POLL was good combiner for 1000 seed weight. The cross HS542/Zander33 and HD2997/KLE/BER/2*FL-8/DONSK-POLL showed significant specific combining ability effects for 1000 grain weight. Intergeneric hybridization lead to the haploid embryo development from the crosses: HS542/China 84-40022, HS542/KLE/BER/2*FL-8/DONSK-POLL, HS526/ID 80994W/VEE/3/CHEN/3AL X FLW13 and HD2997/KLE/BER/2*FL-8/DONSK-POLL. These crosses also showed maximum values of heterosis for 1000 seed weight or spikelet per spike or seed yield/plant.

3 tables, 15 ref

022178   Pathak A R;Pithia M S;Javia R M;Mehta D R (Pulses Research Station, JAU, Junagadh, Email: mspithia@jau.in) : Challenges and options for meeting the needs of pulses. Agric Rev 2017, 38(2), 103-111.

Pulses are important crops for food and nutritional security worldwide. Traditional cropping pattern almost always included a pulse crop either as a mixed crop or in rotation, the commercialization of agriculture has encouraged the practice of sole-cropping. India produces a quarter of the world's pulses accounting for largest share in the world production, both in quantity and variety. The major pulses grown in India are chickpea, Pigeonpea and Mungbean during 2013-14. Thus the poor production of pulses have not only created an imbalance in the demand and supply, but also resulted in soaring import bills, unpredictable price rise and low profit compared to competing crops. Average annual growth rate of area (4.5 per cent) and production (9.6 per cent) was maximum in chickpea during 2008-09 - 394 - to 2013-14. Productivity of pulses increased from 441 kg/ha during 1950-51 to 764 kg/ha during 2013-14. There was enormous interstate variation seen in area, production of total pulses. The picture of net per capita per day availability of pulses has fallen drastically from 60 g to 42 g during 1951 to 2013. This shortfall has serious nutritional implications especially to children and women in rural areas. To achieve self sufficiency in pulses, there is a need to increase production up to 26.5 million tons by the year 2050. Research efforts, easy and timely availability of critical inputs and creation of seed village will be helpful in achieving self sufficiency.

^iia5 tables, 19 ref

022177   Patel V A;Das A (Soil Science Dep, Navsari Agricultural Univ, Navsari-396 450, Email: dramreshdas@yahoo.co.in) : Water-stable aggregates and associated parameters in native and cultivated soils under varying crops of research farms in relation to their suitability for good agriculture. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(3), 265-9.

A study was under taken during 2011-12 on the comparative assessment of water stable aggregates (WSA), aggregate ratio (AR), Mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates, aggregates associated organic carbon and total nitrogen status in native and cultivated surface soils under eight major crops. Irrespective of crops native soils exhibited higher per cent of macro-WSA (<62>0.25 mm) as compared to corresponding cultivated soils as was reflected in mean aggregate ratios (AR) varying from 2.76 to 7.04 in cultivated and 4.43 to 10.48 in native soils. MWD of WSA for native and cultivated soils of research farms varied from 1.35 - 2.37 mm and 0.84 - 2.10 mm, respectively. Cultivated soil AR was of the order: Bardoli-wheat <62> Vyara-rice <62> Paria-sapota <62> Surat-sorghum <62> Navsari-sugarcane <62> Paria-mango <62> Vanarasi-soybean <62> Surat-cotton. MWD was considered as degree of suitability for good agriculture. Accordingly the order was: Bardoli-wheat <62> Paria-sapota <62> Paria-mango <62> Vyara-rice <62> Navsari-sugarcane <62> Surat-sorghum <62> Vanarasi-soybean <62> Surat-cotton. Native soils analyzed higher WSA-associated-organic carbon (WSA-OC) over cultivated soils in all the size fractions (<62>2.0, 1.0 - 2.0, 0.5 - 1.0, 0.25 - 0.5 and <60> 0.25 mm). WSA-organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) did not follow any definite trend as to varying aggregate -sizes for both native and cultivated soils. Micro-aggregates (<60> 0.25 mm)- stored OC was considered as the measure of stable or sequestered OC and based on that, research farms were of the following order: Surat-cotton (2.01 g kg^-1) <62> Navsari-sugarcane (1.53 g kg^-1) <62> Vanarasi-soybean (1.37 g kg^-1) <62> Paria-mango (1.19 g kg^-1) <62> Paria-sapota (1.10 g kg^-1) <62> Surat-sorghum (0.98 g kg^-1) <62> Vyara-rice (0.94 g kg^-1) <62> Bardoli- wheat (0.89 g kg^-1).

3 tables, 22 ref

022176   Parreno S C;Fernandez J B;Guzman R A D;Tenoso A R D;Garcia A C;Salvador O G (NO, Pangasinan State Univ - Binmaley Campus, San Isidro Norte, Binmaley, Pangasinan, Philippines) : Salinity tolerance of new tilapia hybrid at varying salinity levels. Int J Fauna biol Stud 2018, 5(1), 13-4.

The study was conducted to determine the salinity tolerance of a new tilapia hybrid from the cross of Oreochromis aureus x Oreochromis mossambicus. A total of 144 new hybrid (1.2g) were used in the study. One hundred twenty (120) of which were directly stocked in 20 pieces plastic container (5L capacity) at different salinity levels (0, 3, 5, 10 and 15ppt) and tested for 96 hours. Some 24 pieces were subjected to increasing salinity levels (from 3ppt and increased of 3ppt daily until 30ppt) for 216 hrs. The same sizes and stocking density (2pcs/L) were used in the study. The new hybrid were fed with fry mash at a rate of 5% BW. Results of the study revealed that the new hybrid have high tolerance to salinity. For the whole duration of the experiment, only one (1) mortality was noted (T6, 15ppt). The rest (143 or 99.31%) of the new hybrids in all treatments including those tested for increasing salinity levels (up to 30ppt) survived until the last day of the experiment.

2 ref

022175   Parmar J K;Rathod S;Bhanvadia A S;Ramani V P (Agriculture Chemistry and Soil Science Dep, B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural Univ, Anand, Email: jkparmar.aau@gmail.com ) : Effect of treated effluent water on yield, nutrient content and uptake by wheat-sorghum sequence. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(1), 58-64.

A field experiments was conducted on sandy loam soil (Typic Ustipsemments) to study the effect of application of effluent water alone and in combination with farm yard manure, gypsum and sewage sludge on yield, content and uptake of wheat and succeeding fodder sorghum, physicochemical properties and nutrient availability of the soil. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications comprised of ten treatments. Among the ten treatments, application of tube well water + FYM @ 5 t ha^-1 (T₆) showed the best positive effect and significantly increased grain (52.79 kg ha^-1) and straw (62.77 kg ha^-1) yield of wheat as well as succeeding fodder yield of sorghum (35.45 kg ha^-1) which were 35.29, 41.57 and 33.72 per cent higher over effluent water applied alone, respectively. In general, all the macro (N, P, K, S) and micro-nutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) contents and uptake by wheat and sorghum were higher in T₆ treatment (Tube well water + FYM @ 5 t/ha) which was at par with T₈ (Treated effluent water + FYM @ 5 t/ha), T₇ (Treated effluent water + gypsum @ 1 t/ha) and T10 (Treated effluent water + sewage sludge @ 3 t/ha). It was also noted that application of treated effluent water increases EC and reduced fertility of soil, however, its detrimental effect was decreased when the effluent water or sludge applied with amendments i.e. FYM and gypsum. The application of T₆ treatment (Tube well water + FYM @ 5 t/ha) increased the available N (265 kg ha^-1), P (27.95 kg ha^-1) and K (397 kg ha^-1) status after harvest of wheat-sorghum sequence, while application of gypsum with irrigated by treated effluent water increases the available S (5.13 kg ha^-1) status after harvest of sequence.

12 tables, 34 ref

022174   Pankaj Kumar;Jain K K;MunilKumar S;Sudhagar S A (Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Dep, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai-400 061, Email: kumarpankajfnb@gmail.com) : Alternate feeding strategies for optimum nutrient utilization and reducing feed cost for semi-intensive practices in aquaculture system. Agric Rev 2017, 38(2), 145-51.

In aquaculture system, 40-60% cost comes from the production of fish regarding feed. Hence, there is a need in future to further reduce the cost of the feed and its utilization in aquaculture with low input for growth and high survival of fish. Concerning the former the most obvious approach to reducing the cost of feed is to decrease the amount of the most expensive ingredient in the feed i.e. fishmeal, through substitution with a suitable low-cost alternative ingredients, while ensuring that such substitution will not compromise the growth and quality of the cultured stock. Previously, few attempts have been made on the mixed feeding schedule in carps and other species in aquaculture. There is a need to undertake the effect of mixed feeding schedule with suitable feeding strategies i.e. alternate feeding strategies with the different combination of protein variation in the diet. This study will throw light in the low cost feed formulation, feeding strategies, reduction in pollution load in pond and minimize the cost of fish production in aquaculture of Indian major carps and other cultured species in the country and it will improve the economic status and benefits of farmers in the generation of income and employment opportunities.

^iia2 illus, 1 table, 43 ref

022173   Nowosad K;Liersch A;Poplawska W;Bocianowski J (Mathematical and Statistical Methods Dep, Poznan Univ of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland, Email: jboc@up.poznan.pl) : Genotype by environment interaction for oil content in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model. Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2017, 77(2), 293-7.

The objective of this study was to assess genotype by environment interaction for oil content in winter rapeseed cultivars grown in West Poland by the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model. The study comprised of 25 winter rapeseed genotypes (15 F₁ CMS ogura hybrids, parental lines and two European cultivars: open pollinated Californium and F₁ hybrid Hercules), evaluated at five locations in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. Oil content of the tested genotypes ranged from 35.2 to 48.8%, with an average of 44.55%. AMMI analyses revealed significant genotype by environmental interaction with respect to oil content. The hybrid PN66xPN18 is recommended for further inclusion in the breeding program due to its high oil content, CMS ogura line PN66 and hybrid PN68xPN18 are recommended because of its stability and high oil content.

2 illus, 1 table, 12 ref