022122   Hamitowa S M;et al. (Vologad State Univ, All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Moscow Region, Russia, Email: xamitowa.sveta@yandex.ru) : Assessment of microorganisms and heavy metals' content in the soils of arboretum named after nikolai klyuev. Int J pharm Res Allied Sci 2017, 6(3), 47-55.

The research concerns the dynamic results of heavy metal content investigation and microbiological characteristics of arboretum named after Nikolai Klyuev (Vitegra, Vologda Region, Russia). It defines the average proportion of the following heavy metals: copper, lead, zinc, mercury, silver, cadmium as well as microbiological indicators, i.e. the proportion of actinomycetes, bacteria and fungi in soil layers placed in three separate zones of the arboretum (conifer, broad-leaved and narrow leaved ones). The heavy metals proportion indicators and microbiological characteristics of soils and their comparative analysis are based on the laboratory research. The report also includes a literature review of soil research in Vologda region and suggests a better possible use of arboretum named after Nikolai Klyuev.

1 illus, 4 tables, 43 ref

022121   Hallur R;Shantappa T;Jagadeesha R C (Crop Improvement and Biotechnology Dep, K.R.C. college of Horticulture, Arabhavi, Gokak-591 218, Email: rekha632@gmail.com) : Genetic variability in segregating populations of okra and their character association. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(1), 71-4.

An experiment was conducted to determine the genetic variability, nature of association among different yield attributes and their direct and indirect contribution towards yield of F₂ and F₃ populations of okra. In F₂ and F₃ populations of okra the analysis of variance, it was observed that, mean squares due to genotypes were significant for all the traits indicating the presence of genetic variability in the experimental material. The values of expression of the selected characters were found more in F₃ population compared to F₂ population. The GCV, heritability and genetic advance were higher for fruit weight (10.21, 54.00 and 3.22), number of branches (10.25, 62.00 and 1.12), fruit yield per plant (31.70, 54.00 and 6.05), number of fruits per plant (3.22, 51.00 and 0.83) and days to 50% flowering (1.94, 67.00 and 0.99) which might be attributed to additive gene action of inheritance in F₃ population. From the correlation and path coefficient analysis revealed that, the top priority should be given to selection based on number of branches per plant (0.1742), number of fruits per plant (0.4763**), fruit length (0.3071**), fruit diameter (0.4135**) and fruit weight (0.9189**) for yield improvement and could be considered while formulating selection indices in the improvement of okra. Path coefficient analysis revealed that, fruit weight had maximum direct contribution (0.8732) towards fruit yield followed by number of fruits per plant (0.3787). This revealed that, F₃ population showed more variability compared to F₂ population in the segregating generations.

3 tables, 14 ref

022120   Gyani P C;Sharma J B;Vinod;Mallik N;Jha S K (Genetics Div, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: vinod.genetics@gmail.com) : Inheritance and molecular mapping of leaf rust resistance gene in hexaploid wheat synthetic 45. Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2017, 77(2), 214-20.

To contain the infection of newly evolved leaf rust virulence(s), diverse source of germplasm need to be explored for identification of novel genes. In order to exploit wild resources, CIMMYT has developed a series of synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) by combining the accessions of D genome donor Triticum tauschii and T. durum. In the present study, Synthetic 45, was evaluated for effectiveness of its resistance against diverse leaf rust pathotypes. Mode of inheritance of resistance to understand the nature of genetics and molecular mapping to locate its chromosomal position were studied. Characterization of leaf rust resistance in Synthetic 45 by multi-pathotype tests showed a high degree of seedling resistance to 20 diverse pathotypes of leaf rust pathogen and adult plant resistance against two most prevalent pathotypes, 77-5 and 104-2. Inheritance studies showed that resistance in Synthetic 45 was governed by a single recessive gene. Molecular mapping and linkage with microsatellite markers, Xwmc432 and Xcfd15 have indicated that the resistance gene is located on short arm of 1D chromosome with 6.1 cM distal to Xwmc432 and 10.6 cM to Xcfd15 with 4.6 cM distance among the two markers. The gene identified in Synthetic 45 has been tentatively designated as LrSyn45.

3 illus, 5 tables, 32 ref

022119   Gupta M;Kaushal M (Vegetable Science Dep, Dr YS Parmar Univ of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan-173 230, Email: meenugupta1@gmail.com) : Diseases infecting ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Agric Rev 2017, 38(1), 15-28.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is an important spice crop in India, which is also one of the leading producer and exporter of ginger in the world. During cultivation, the crop is severely infected by various diseases of them soft rot, yellows, Phyllosticta leaf spot, storage rot, bacterial wilt, mosaic, chlorotic fleck are important. These diseases reduce the potential yields drastically. The geographical distribution, losses, symptoms, causal organism, disease cycle, epidemiology and host resistance, cultural, biological, chemical and integrated management of above - 369 - mentioned diseses have been discussed in the present paper.

^iia1 table, 141 ref

022118   Gupta A;Sharma O P;Solanki R B;Nitish Kumar (Agronomy Dep, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture Univ, Jobner-303 329, Email: anshulgupta2803@gmail.com) : Impact of foliar-spray of bio-regulators on quality and production of pearl millet [pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. emend stuntz] varieties. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(1), 95-8.

A set of treatments involving four bio-regulators control, salicylic acid, thioglycolic acid and thiourea and and its effect on nutrient uptake, protein content and yield were studied on four varieties of pearl millet(RHB-121, RHB-173, RHB-177 and Raj-171) during the rainy seasons from 2014-15. Results revealed that the cultivar RHB-173 recorded significantly higher N, P and K uptake (66.08, 11.33 and 114.61 kg/ha) and yield (2175 kg/ha) over the other cultivars and higher protein content over Raj-171. Among the foliar spray, TU resulted in significantly higher N and P uptake (67.82 and 11.83 kg/ha) over other bio-regulators but remained at par with TGA in total K uptake and yield. Protein content in grain improved significantly by spray of bio-regulators over control.

2 tables, 28 ref

022117   Guettouchi A;Haider N;Nabulsi I;Ykhlef N (Sciences of Nature and Life Dep, Faculty of the Sciences, Univ Mohamed Boudiaf, M'sila 28000, Algeria, Email: guettouchi-ah@live.fr) : Molecular characterization of Algerian date palm cultivars using circular plasmid-like DNAs. Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2017, 77(1), 170-2.

Bayoud disease of the date palm (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis) is a vascular disease caused by a soil fungus. Twenty one Algerian date palm cultivars (20 females and 1 male) in addition to 6 genotypes of Deglet Nour were assessed for resistance (R) and susceptibility (S) to Bayond disease using molecular markers. Specifically, the use of two circular plasmid-like DNAs (R and S plasmids) as molecular markers allowed us to detect the R cultivars. Among the 21 cultivars, we found that Baaret ljmal is resistant.

^ssc2 illus, 13 ref

022116   Govindaraj M;Masilamani P;Albert V A; Bhaskaran M (Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, T.N.A.U., Kumulur-621 712, Email: masil_mahesh@yahoo.com) : Effect of physical seed treatment on yield and quality of crops. Agric Rev 2017, 38(1), 1-14.

Seed treatments are the biological, physical and chemical agents and techniques applied to seed to provide protection and improve the - 368 - establishment of healthy crops. The benefits of seed treatments are increased germination, uniform seedling emergence, protect seeds or seedlings from early season diseases and insect pests improving crop emergence and its growth. Anthropogenic changes of the soil, water and atmosphere due to the use of different chemical additives for raising plants productivity led to searching alternative ways. Safe methods for increasing the yield includes the reasonable use of chemicals and substitution of some of them by appropriate physical treatments viz., magnetic field, gamma irradiation, electric field, laser irradiation, sound, healing energy, light and heat.

^iia4 illus, 11 tables, 83 ref

022115   Giana G K;Sharma O P;Shivran A C;Boori P K; Meena S S (Agronomy Dep, S.K.N. College of Agriculture (SKNAU), Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan-303 329, Email: geetaagro28@gmail.com) : Productivity and nutrient uptake of pearl millet influenced by intercropping with legumes and fertility level. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(3), 209-12.

A field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2013 at S.K.N. Agriculture University, Jobner (Jaipur), to study the effect of intercropping and fertility levels on yield, nutrient uptake and economics of pearlmillet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. emend Stuntz] on loamy sand soil of semi-arid eastern plain zone of Rajasthan. The treatments consisted of 4 intercropping systems viz. sole pearlmillet, pearlmillet + clusterbean, pearlmillet + mungbean and pearlmillet + cowpea with 4 fertility levels viz. no fertilizer, 30 kg N + 15 kg P₂O₅, 45 kg N + 22.5 kg P₂O₅ and 60 kg N + 30 kg P₂O₅/ha. Sole pearlmillet recorded significantly higher grain (20.4 q/ha) and stover (51.9 q/ha) yields of pearlmillet over pearlmillet intercropped with legumes. Among the systems, pearlmillet + clusterbean fetched the significantly maximum net returns (Rs 45212/ha) and B:C ratio (2.92). Sole pearlmillet is being at par with pearlmillet + clusterbean and pearlmillet + mungbean, recorded significantly higher N (58.64 kg/ha) and P (11.56 kg/ha) uptake by pearlmillet grain and stover than pearlmillet + cowpea intercropping system. Fertility levels increasing upto 45 kg N + 22.5 kg P₂O₅/ha were recorded significantly higher seed yield (20.4 q/ha), stover yield (51.5 q/ha), net returns (Rs 40208/ha) and B:C ratio (2.76) yields over control and 30 kg N + 15 kg P₂O₅/ha. The N and P concentration, uptake and total uptake in pearlmillet grain and stover and protein content in pearlmillet grain were recorded significantly higher by application of 60 kg N + 30 kg P₂O₅/ha as compared to lower levels.

2 tables, 22 ref

022114   Ghosh J;Lohot V D;Ghosal S;Singhal V;Sinha N K (NO, ICAR-Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Ranchi, Email: jghoshranchi@gmail.com) : Drought resilient Flemingia semialata Roxb. for improving lac productivity in drought prone ecologies. Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2017, 77(1), 153-9.

A drought tolerant line of Flemingia semialata (FS-S) has been identified from natural population as a better host plant for kusmi lac production and summer sustainability. FS-S had significantly higher fresh biomass, dry matter, broodlac and scraplac than local line (FS-L). Photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were also higher in FS-S line and it was fertilizer responsive too. It is more efficient in starch degradation than the local line which ultimately supports lac insect development. The high level of total sugar maintained by FS-S line is due to high chlorophyll content including carotenoid. Ascorbate peroxide and catalase (biochemical indicators for draught tolerance) was also higher in selected line.

2 illus, 4 tables, 28 ref

022113   Ghaidaminiharouni M;Rahmani F;Khodakarimi A (Biology and Institute of Biotechnology Dep, Urmia Univ, Urmia, Iran, Email: f.rahmani@urmia.ac.ir) : Analysis of genetic diversity in willow (Salix spp.) by ISSR markers. Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2017, 77(2), 321-3.

In the study, ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) markers were employed to determine genetic diversity among 30 clones of Salix (S. acmophylla, S. excelsa, S. alba and S. triandra). The average percentage of polymorphic loci was 59.86. The pair-wise genetic similarity varied from 0.18 to 0.65. Nei's gene diversity (H_E) ranged from 0.12 to 0.18 and the average expected heterozygosity (H_E) estimated 0.15. The values obtained for genetic diversity (H_T = 0.20) and genetic differentiation (G_ST = 0.20) indicated a low level of genetic differentiation among examined populations of Salix in North West of Iran.

1 illus, 2 tables, 9 ref

022112   Ganesh S P;Mohammad I P;Meena A K;Swaminathan R (Entomology Dep, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap Univ of Agriculture, Udaipur-313 001, Email: akmeenaentomology@gmail.com) : Diversity and seasonal incidence of insect pest complex of tropical tuber crops in South-Western Rajasthan. J ent Res 2017, 41(1), 85-90.

Insect pests belonging to 13 families representing 4 orders: Coleoptera (3); Orthoptera (1); Lepidoptera (2); and Hemiptera (7) were recorded on some tuber crops. Chrysomelidae was the most dominant family with the relative density values ranging from 42.85 to 54.54 per cent with highest (54.54%) recorded in yam followed by sweet potato (43.47%). The Shannon and Simpson's diversity indices were highest for sweet potato 1.65 and 3.724, respectively. The population of chrysomelids, apionids, cicadellids and gryllids exhibited a significant positive correlation with the mean atmospheric temperature and relative humidity. Curculionids exhibited significant positive correlation with relative humidity. Noctuids and coccinellids showed significant negative correlation with relative humidity. Coreids and delphacids and exhibited a significant positive correlation with mean atmospheric temperature. Pentatomids exhibited a significant negative correlation with mean atmospheric temperature and significant positive correlation with relative humidity. Aleyrodids exhibited a significant positive correlation with mean atmospheric temperature and significant negative correlation with relative humidity.

5 tables, 9 ref

022111   Fei L;Xiaoyan C;Xiaohong H;Ming T;Kun H; Zhengting Y;Yin Y;Zhanji L;Mingchuan F (School of Life Science, Guizhou Normal Univ, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Developmental Regulation, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, China) : Identification, cloning and characterization of a novel Gossypium hirsutum L. GhMYBantiV transcription factor in response to biotic and - 366 - abiotic stresses. Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2017, 77(1), 112-18.

Verticillium wilt is an important worldwide limiting factor for cotton production. Improving cotton varieties' disease resistance, is of great strategic and practical importance to promote world cotton production and to improve cotton fibre quality. Taking advantage of the Gossypium raimondii genome sequence, we cloned a new MYB transcription factor GhMYBantiV (GenBank accession number: KM0407832) from upland cotton variety Lumianyan 32. Characteristic analysis indicates that GhMYBantiV is a MYB transcription factor, since it localises in the nucleus, and shows the transcription factor activity. GhMYBantiV expression is greatly enhanced by Verticillium wilt fungus infection and salt treatment. It is, therefore, suggested that GhMYBantiV possibly plays an important role in biotic and abiotic stress response in cotton.

6 illus, 26 ref

022110   Dodamani S M;Hegde N K;Kulkarni M S;Hiremath J S;Srikantaprasad D;Pujari R (Plantation Dep, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic crops, Kittur Rani Channamma College of, Arabhavi-591 218, Email: shashru2105@gmail.com) : Effect of various treatments on seed rhizome of turmeric for growth, yield and quality attributes. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(2), 178-81.

A storage and field experiment was conducted during 2014-15 to study the response of turmeric cv. Salem to pre storage and pre planting seed rhizome treatment. Significantly lowest physiological loss in weight (22.45%) and shrivelling per cent (2.24%) was recorded in T₇ while the maximum was recorded in T₈ (27.06%) and (10.12%) respectively. Significantly lowest sprouting per cent (26.22%) was recorded in T₇ while highest (41.08%) was recorded in T₈ during storage under zero energy cool chamber (ZECC). Under field condition results indicated that significantly highest plant height (104.21 cm), number of leaves per plant (18.63), number of tiller per plant (5.89) and leaf area index (5.35) was recorded in T₇ and the lowest was recorded in T₈ (69.31 cm), (10.61), (2.98) and (4.48) respectively. Significantly maximum yield per plant (592.32 g), yield per plot (18.46 kg) and yield per ha (44.10 t/ha) was recorded in T₇ while the minimum in T₈ (322.74 g), (9.67 kg) and (23.91 t/ha) respectively. Significantly lowest per cent disease intensity (21.34%) was recorded in T₇ while the highest in T₈ (47.43%). There was no significant difference among the treatments for quality attributes.

5 tables, 15 ref

022109   Dinesh Kumar;Narwal S;Verma R P S;Kharub A S (NO, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal-132 001, Email: dkbiochem69@gmail.com) : Genotypic and growing location effect on grain β-glucan content of barley under sub-tropical climates. Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2017, 77(2), 235-41.

Effect of genotype and growing location on barley grain beta glucan content was studied in 25 barley genotypes grown over six different locations in India. Based upon the two years results, the genotypes BCU 554, BH 963, BHS 352 and DWR 30 were having higher content of beta glucan while the genotypes Azad, BCU2030, Bilara-2, Jagriti, K 14, K 141, Lakhan, Manjula, SLOOP SA WI 3167 and SLOOP VIC VB 9953 had lower values. The growing location has also been found to affect the beta glucan content significantly. Positive simple correlation has been found between grain beta glucan content and protein, 1000 grain weight, plump kernels and test weight.

5 tables, 28 ref

022108   Dhananivetha M;Amnullah M M;Arthanari P M; Mariappan S (Agronomy Dep, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai-625 104, Email: dhananivetha@gmail.com) : Weed management in onion. Agric Rev 2017, 38(1), 76-80.

The bulbous vegetable onion Allium cepa Var. aggregatum L. (2n=16) is the most important species of Allium group and is regarded as the single most important vegetable spices as it forms an indispensable part of many diets, both vegetarian and non-vegetarian. Onion is valued for its bulbs having characteristic odour, flavor and pungency. Onion is regarded as a highly export oriented crop and earns a valuable foreign exchange for the country. Weeds are of great menace as they interfere with production of crop and add to the cost of cultivation. The reduction in crop yield has direct correlation with weed competition. Onion exhibits greater susceptibility to weed competition as compared to other crops due to its inherent characteristics such as their slow growth, small stature, shallow roots and lack of dense foliage. The effective weed control involves identification of weed flora, method of weed control and judicious combination of effective weed control methods. Hand weeding in onion is a common practice in India, but it is a tedious, expensive and time consuming task due to closer spacing and shallow root system. Non-availability of labourers during critical period of crop makes hand weeding difficult leading to heavy yield losses. Spraying of pre-emergence herbicides keeps the crop in weed free conditions during the early stages. At later stage, second flush of weeds will affect the bulb formation. Hand weeding helps to keep the weed population below economic threshold level throughout the crop growth - 365 - period. Pre-emergence combined with hand weeding may be costly because of the reduced labour availability and higher labour cost. After bulb formation manual or mechanical methods of weed control will damage the bulb. Application of early post emergence may be helpful to reduce damage to the bulb, weed competition and cost of weeding. Hence a brief review was presented to find out the effect of different weed management method in onion.

^iia42 ref

022107   Dey D;Routray S;Baral S;Mahantheshwara B (Entomology Dep, College of Agriculture, Orissa Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751 003, Email: dipankard799@gmail.com) : Effect of planting dates and botanical insecticides against major lepidopterous pests of cabbage. Agric Rev 2017, 38(1), 60-6.

Cabbage (Brassicae oleracea var. capitata Linn.) is one of the most important and extensively cultivated vegetable crop because of its nutritional and economical values for producers and consumer point of view, respectively. The crop is prone for infestation by a number of insect pests consisting sucking and defoliating insects starting from germination to harvesting stage of the crop. In India, the diamond back moth, Plutella xylostella Linneaus and cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae Linneaus are the major Lepidopterous pests of cabbage. Adjusting planting dates can sometimes help to avoid certain insect infestations and reduce the need for chemical control. Planting dates influence the crop performance due to changed biotic and abiotic factors. The time of planting of cabbage, which is a season bound crop, has profound effect on the incidence of diamond back moth and cabbage butterfly. Several insecticides have been recommended through ages to avert pest damage, but some broad-spectrum synthetic organic insecticides and biopesticides are effective for the control of these two Lepidopterous pests.

^iia50 ref

022106   Devi G;Nath D (Soil Science Dep, Assam Agricultural Univ, Jorhat-785 013, Email: gitanjali_devi@yahoo.in) : Entomopathogenic nematodes: a tool in biocontrol of insect pests of vegetables. Agric Rev 2017, 38(2), 137-44.

Biological control agents have become increasingly important component in integrated pest management programme. Entomopathogenic nematodes are effective biological control agents for many important insect pests of vegetable crops. Therefore entomopathogenic nematodes are gaining attention in the field of biocontrol research worldwide. - 364 - With the development and improvement of isolation and identification technique many novel species and strains have been utilized for management of several insect pests. This review aims to explore the potentiality of entomopathogenic nematode species against economically important insect pest of vegetables in India as well as in other countries.

^iia80 ref

022105   Dehghani R;Kamiabi F (Faculty of Health, Kerman Univ of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, Email: fkamiabi@yahoo.com) : Frequency of Odonthubutus doriae thorell 1876 nests in desert soils, Esfahan, Iran. J ent Res 2017, 41(1), 13-8.

The results of this study showed that the mean number of Odonthubutus doriae nests in the southwest and north of Esfahan with Taljerd soil were 4.8 and 19.4 nests per twelve square meter plot respectively. the mean number of O. doriae nests in the northwest and northeast of this city with Golshahr soil were 1.2 and 2 nests per plot (12 m²) respectively. The frequency of O. doriae nests in Taljerd soils were significantly more than the frequency of nests of this scorpion in Golshahr soils in different areas of Esfahan. The Taljerd soils are rich in flora and fauna. Considering the similarity in climate in different areas of the city, it can be concluded that the soil texture is the main factor determining biodiversity in Taljerd soils.

2 illus, 3 tables, 35 ref

022104   Deepthi V P (College of Horticulture, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural Univ, Anantharajupet, Dist-Kadapa-516 105, Email: deepthivellaturi@gmail.com) : Taxonomic scoring of genomic grouping in bananas. Flora Fauna 2016, 22(2), 151-8.

Score techniques in Musa balbisiana ranges from 15-75 depending upon the genomic group. Evolution of modern banana is chain neaction of Musa accuminala and Musa babislana.

2 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

022103   Deepanshu;Singh D;Singh V K;Srivastava R (Horticulture Dep, Allahabad School of Agriculture, SHIATS, Allahabad-211 007, Email: deepanshumasih2@gmail.com) : Genetic variability, heritability and correlation studies on onion (Allium cepa L.) - 363 - genotypes in Allahabad agro-climatic conditions. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(2), 115-18.

Genetic variability, heritability and correlation studies on onion was studied during rabi seasons involving 14 genotypes showing wider variations for all traits. Higher genotypic variance and phenotypic variance were observed for fresh bulb yield per hectare followed by marketable yield per hectare indicating more contribution of genetic components of these characters. Therefore, these characters would be considered and exploited in breeding programmes, Higher genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) was observed for Neck Thickness (22.70) followed by Marketable bulb yield per plot and Marketable bulb yield per hectare (14.23), Higher phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) was observed for Neck thickness (22.90) followed by Marketable bulb yield per plot (15.18) followed by Marketable bulb yield quintal per hectare (15.17), Correlation coefficient in onion indicated that Plant height (0.0259), Leaves per plant (0.0895),Collar thickness (0.9992),Fresh bulb weight (0.9862),Dry bulb weight (0.9971),Fresh bulb yield per plot (0.9865),Marketable bulb yield per plot (1.0000),Bulb size in diameter (0.5552),Scales per bulb (0.5385),Fresh bulb yield per hectare (0.9865) shows significant positive correlation with Marketable bulb yield quintal per hectare at genotypic level and phenotypic level.

2 tables, 15 ref

022102   Deepak Kumar;Singh R P;Somasundaram J;Simaiya V;Jamra S (Agronomy Dep, Univ of RVSKVV Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh) : Effect of foliar application of nutrients on growth and development of blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.)Hepper) under rainfed vertisols of central India. Int J chem Stud 2018, 6(1), 609-13.

An experiment was conducted to study the Effect of foliar application of nutrients on growth and development of black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) under rain fed condition during kharif season 2014 at the research farm of AICRP on MULLaRP, R.A.K. College of Agriculture, Sehore (M.P.). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications having nine treatments namely T₁ [Control (water spray)], T₂ [Urea 2% spray at flowering], T₃ [DAP 2% spray at flowering and 15 days later], T₄ [ Urea phosphate 2% spray at flowering], T₅ [MOP 2% spray at flowering], T₆ [TNAU pulse wonder @ 5 kg ha^-1 at flowering (contains- N, P, K, Boron, Fe and auxin)], T₇ [Brassinolide 0.75 ppm at flowering], T₈ [Salicylic acid 100 ppm at flowering], T₉ [19:19:19 (NPK) 2% spray at flowering]. Growth attributing characters i.e. plant height, branches/plant, root length, number and dry weight of root nodules, were significantly influenced with the different treatments and recorded higher values with the foliar application of DAP 2% spray at flowering and 15 days later. Dry weight per plant was significantly influenced by different foliar nutrition and recorded higher value with application of DAP 2% spray at flowering and 15 days later. From this study it may be concluded that different treatments had positive effect on yield, and growth of black gram. Application of DAP 2% spray at flowering and 15 days later recorded maximum yield (916 kg/ha) and higher net return (23313 Rs./ha). Application of 19:19:19 (NPK) 2% spray at flowering stage (T9) recorded yield (870 kg/ha) and net return (20108 Rs./ha), which was at par with treatment application of DAP 2% spray at flowering and 15 days later (T3). So, this experiment concluded that application of DAP 2% spray at flowering and 15 days later (T3) is more economic than application of 19:19:19 (NPK) 2% spray at flowering stage (T9).

2 tables, 20 ref

022101   Deepak J N;Rao S;Lakkawar A W;Byregowda S M; Purushotham K M;Satyanarayana M L (Veterinary Pathology Dep, Veterinary College (KVAFSU), Hebbal, Bangalore, Karnataka) : Hematological alterations in methotrexate induced toxicity in rats and its amelioration by Tinospora cordifolia. Int J chem Stud 2018, 6(1), 602-5.

Methotrexate (MTX), an - 362 - anti-neoplastic drug and is also used against psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. The present study was carried out at Department of Pathology, Veterinary College, Bangalore, India from July 2013 to December 2013 to assess the hematological changes following MTX administration in Wistar albino rats and its amelioration by extract of Tinospora cordifolia (TC) for a period of 45 days. Rats were divided into five groups comprising of control and treatment groups. The dosage used for MTX and TC extract was 5mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally and 200mg/kg by oral gavaging, respectively. The MTX treated rats showed significant decrease in haemoglobin, TEC, TLC and platelet count as compared to normal control animals. Supplementation of TC to MTX treated rats significantly improved the hematological parameters. The study concluded that damage to the hemopoitic system evident by deranged hematological parameters can be prevented by administration of extract of Tinospora cordifolia.

3 tables, 18 ref

022100   Debbarma V;Abraham T (Agronomy Dep, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom Univ of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad-211 007, Email: victoragronomist@gmail.com ) : Agronomic performance of certified organic rice [Oryza sativa (L.) sub sp. japonica] as influenced by cultural practices. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(3), 216-20.

The experiment was carried out to study the agronomic performance of organic japonica rice as influenced by planting methods, green manures and liquid forms of organic manures. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in available potassium with 8.0 soil pH. The result recorded the higher plant height (54.36 cm) in the treatment T₅ [SRI(t) + Sesbania aculeata L. + Panchagavya]. At 75 to 90 DAS/DAT intervals higher CGR of 0.61 g m^-2 day^-1 was recorded in the treatment T₁₀ (DSR + Sesbania aculeata L. + Fish amino acid). The combined effect of 3 factors influenced the number of tillers (10.80 hill^-1), grain yield (2.10 t ha^-1) and straw yield (3.90 t ha^-1) in the treatment T₆ [SRI(t) + Sesbania aculeata + Fish amino acid]. The result recorded that the available organic carbon, zinc, and manganese were increased by the effect of both the green manure crops (Sesbania aculeata L. and Crotolaria juncea L.). The pH of the soil was decreased in all the treatment by the influenced with both the green manure crops dhaincha and sunnhemp. Highest gross return (Rs. 103500 ha^-1), net return (Rs. 76020.00 ha^-1) and benefit-cost ratio (3.76) were influenced by the combined effect of 3 factors in the treatment T₆ [SRI(t) + Sesbania aculeata L. + Fish amino acid].

3 tables, 26 ref

022099   Chowdhury A K;et al. (Plant Pathology Dep, Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Pundibari, Coochbehar, West Bengal, Email: a.k.joshi@cgiar.org) : Occurrence of wheat blast in Bangladesh and its implications for South asian wheat production. Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2017, 77(1), 1-9.

The first recorded occurrence in Asia of wheat blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, pathotype Triticum (synonym Pyricularia oryzae) occurred in Bangladesh in March 2016. Crop losses of up to 90% have been reported, with latesown wheat suffering particularly badly. The emergence of this disease has raised concern in neighboring countries where wheat represents a significant crop, most notably in India and Nepal. The existence of effective genetic resistance is in doubt, so for the moment the sole means of control is via the application of fungicides and adoption of beneficial cultural practices. The disease has been endemic in parts of South America for the last 30 years, so only a coordinated program of research and development has the potential to deliver rapid progress in combating the disease. In addition to evaluating and deploying genetic resistance and applying fungicides on an occasional basis, some control could be made possible by altering current crop rotation practice and/or manipulating the sowing time to promote disease escape.

^iia5 illus, 2 tables, 61 ref

022098   Choudhary A;Singh V;Naresh Kumar (Agronomy Dep, Allahabad School of Agriculture, SHIATS, Allahabad-211 007, Email: ashokagro777@gmail.com) : Response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to different levels of sulphur and sulphur oxidizing biofertilizer (Thiobacillus thiooxidans). Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(1), 84-6.

A field experiment was to concluded the response of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to different levels of sulphur and sulphur oxidizing biofertilizer (Thiobacillus thiooxidans) in Randomized Block Design with eight treatments replicated thrice. The results showed under treatment T8 (45 kg ha-1 sulphur + sulphur oxidizing biofertilizer) produced significantly higher plant height (154 cm), leaf area (99.55 dm²), leaf area index (7.29), dry weight (68.77 g). The significantly higher yield attributes and yield under treatment T8 (45 kg ha^-1 sulphur + sulphur oxidizing biofertilizer) with head diameter (15.32 cm), head weight plant^-1 (351.18 g), seed yield (2372.66 kg ha^-1), stover yield (3117 kg ha^-1), harvest index (43.21%) and oil content (39.05%) was recorded in treatment T8 (45 kg sulphur + sulphur oxidizing biofertilizer).

2 tables, 11 ref

022097   Chopde S;Patil M;Shaikh A;Chavhan B;Deshmukh M (Dairy Engineering Dep, College of Dairy Technology, Udgir-413 517, Email: santosh.der@gmail.com) : Developments in computer vision system, focusing on its applications in quality inspection of fruits and vegetables. Agric Rev 2017, 38(2), 94-102.

Quality inspection of food is a tedious and labor intensive process. Ever-increasing population, losses in handling and processing and the increased expectation of food products of high quality and safety standards has raised the need for accurate, fast and objective quality determination methods. Manual quality inspection is a slow, costly, unreliable process and suffers from poor repeatability. Computer vision provides one alternative for an automated, non-destructive and cost-effective technique to accomplish these requirements. Computer vision is a rapid, economic, consistent, objective inspection and evaluation technique. Computer vision has been successfully adopted for the quality analysis of meat and fish, fruits, vegetables and bread with applications ranging from routine inspection to the complex vision guided robotic control. The paper presents the recent developments in computer vision technology along with important aspects of image processing techniques coupled with application of computer vision technology in quality inspection of fruits and vegetables.

^iia2 illus, 1 table, 75 ref

022096   Chogatapur S V;Chandranath H T;Somangouda G (Agronomy College of Agriculture Dep, Dharwad Univ of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005, Email: chogatapurshipla@gmail.com) : Growth parameters and nutrient uptake of clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonaloba (L). Taub.) as influenced by genotypes, plant density and bio-inoculants. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(2), 152-4.

The field experiment was conducted under rainfed condition to study the Response of Clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonaloba L. taub.) genotypes (gum) to plant density and bio-inoculants. The experimental field was laid out in split-split plot design with three replications. Sixteen treatment combinations of two genotypes (HG- 365 and Gaurishankar -9), two spacing were allotted to main plot, sub plot and four treatments of bio inoculants - 360 - (Bradyrhizobium @ 750 g ha^-1, Phosphate solubalizing bacteria (PSB) @ 750 g ha^-1, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) @ of 50 kg ha^-1 and Bradyrhizobium at the rate of 750 g ha^-1 + PSB @ 750 g ha^-1 + Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) @ 50 kg ha^-1) were allotted to sub sub plot randomly. On the basis of results obtained from present investigation all growth parameters like number of branches (7.47), number of leaves (24.40), leaf area (124.73 cm² plant^-1), dry matter accumulation in different parts of plant and total dry matter production per plant (25.22 g plant^-1) recorded with genotype gaurishankar-9, at spacing of 45 x 15 cm and with application of Bradyrizhobium + PSB + AM fungi.

3 tables, 12 ref

022095   Chethan T;Vishnuvardhana;Agasimani A A; Lakshman D;Mesta R K (Plantation Dep, Spices, Medicinal & Aromatic Crops, K.R.C. College of Horticulture, Arabhavi, Gokak, Belgaum-591 218, Email: chetan.hortico@gmail.com) : Genetic variability studies in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) under transitional zone of Karnataka. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(3), 224-7.

Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and genetic advance as a per cent over mean for sixteen characters were assessed by field evaluation of sixty one genotypes. High degree of variation was observed for all characters. The difference between phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation were found to be narrow for most of the traits except dry weight of the plant, herbage yield, days to maturity, seed yield per plant and harvest index. The high estimates of heritability was found with almost traits except fresh weight of the plant (68.69), dry weight of the plant (63.68), herbage yield (55.60), number of umbellets per umbel (62.29), days to maturity (71.50) and harvest index (58.07). High estimates of genetic advance as a per cent over mean was observed for almost traits except fifty percent flowering, days to maturity and harvest index.

4 tables, 12 ref

022094   Cheruku D;Lal S K;Talukdar A;Mandal B;Yadav P;Singh K P;Sunil Kumar (Genetics Div, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: sklal68@gmail.com) : Screening and identification of resistant sources against Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) disease in soybean. Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2017, 77(2), 287-92.

A distinct strain of Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) infecting soybean was reported from India in 2013. Until now there are no resistant sources against CPMMV disease. In the present study 133 genotypes were screened and three sources of resistance against CPMMV in soybean were identified. The resistance was confirmed by sap inoculation and the presence of the virus was also confirmed through RT-PCR by designing primer specific to coat protein gene and NaBp region of CPMMV genome. The lines which were found to be resistant were further used to develop mapping population.

7 illus, 5 tables, 10 ref

022093   Chaudhary D;Rakesh Kumar;Sihag K;Rashmi;Anju Kumari (Microbiology Dep, CCS Haryana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: deepikachaudhary14.dc@gmail.com) : Phyllospheric microflora and its impact on plant growth. Agric Rev 2017, 38(1), 51-9.

The phyllosphere refers to the habitat provided by the aboveground parts of plants and on a global scale supports a large and complex microbial community. Microbial interactions in the phyllosphere can affect the fitness in natural communities and the productivity of agricultural crops. The structure of phyllospheric communities reflects immigration, survival and growth of microbial colonists, which is influenced by numerous environmental factors in - 359 - addition to leaf physico-chemical properties. Culture-independent microbiological technologies as well advances in plant genetics and biochemistry provide methodological preconditions for exploring the interactions between plants and their microbiome in the phyllosphere. We are trying to focus here on the current knowledge of the composition of the foliar microbiome, its impact on plant growth and techniques for study this science.

^iia95 ref

022092   Chaubey A N;Pande S K;Tiwari A (Plant Pathology Dep, N.D. Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Faizabad-224 229, Email: aditya.chaubey2011@gmail.com) : Performance of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes against potato mosaic and potato leaf roll diseases. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(2), 155-6.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the important crop grown worldwide for various purposes. India is the second largest potato producer in the World after China. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the resistance varieties of potato against two major viral diseases of potato i.e. mosaic and potato leaf roll diseases. Out of twenty six genotypes, fourteen were moderately resistant, three genotypes viz., Kufri Anand, J/96-149 and Kufri Chamatkar, having the disease incidence ranging between (31-70%) were susceptible and nine genotypes viz., J/96-238, MS/99-1871, K-Pushkar, Kufri Lalima, J/96-84, J/96-80, J/96-171, K. Chandramukhi and Kufri Dewa were found as highly susceptible. So, growing of resistant varieties is one of the cheapest and most economic methods than other preventing measures.

1 table, 11 ref

022091   Chaubey A N;Mishra R S (Plant Pathology Dep, ND. Univ of Agril. & Technology, Faizabad-224 229, Email: drramsumanmishra@gmail.com) : Evaluation of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars against leaf curl virus under field condition. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(2), 170-2.

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is an economically important spice of India, which suffers many fungal and viral diseases, among them Chilli leaf curl virus is one of the most destructive pathogen causing heavy yield loss in major chilli growing area. The experiment was conducted during February to may in 2014 and 2015 to evaluate the chilli cultivars against chilli leaf curl virus. Out of 36 cultivars, none was found the immune, three cultivars viz., Surajmukhi, Japani long and Pusa Jwala was showed highly resistant, where as ten cultivars viz., Agni,Arkalohit, Faizabad kala, Super (Local), Ajeet-1, Anand, Suhawal-17, HC-44, DOH-2 and PBC-473 was showed resistant. Moderately resistant cultivars were BC 14-2, Faizabad long, PDC-54, Pant chilli-1, IC 119349 and Pusa sadabhar. Rest of eight cultivars was showed moderately susceptible and nine cultivars were found highly susceptible against chilli leaf curl viral disease. These resistant and moderate resistant cultivars could be used by farmers in cultivation under integrated production systems and by breeders in developing new chilli hybrid resistant cultivars against leaf curl disease.

2 tables, 18 ref

022090   Chattopadhyay K;Marndi B C;Sarkar R K;Singh O N (NO, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha-753 006, Email: krishnenducrri@gmail.com) : Stability analysis of backcross population for salinity tolerance at reproductive stage in rice. Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2017, 77(1), 51-8.

Significant yield reduction was recorded at flowering stage in rice varieties under salinity stress. But due to high genotype x environment interaction (GEI) the adaptability of the salt tolerant elite lines is generally poor. The identified source of tolerance, AC41585, was used in developing a backcross population. One hundred eighty BC₃F₄ lines were evaluated under stress (EC 8dSm^-1) and non-stress conditions in net-house during the years 2012 and 2013. Under salinity stress plant yield was observed to be associated positively with the number of panicles/plant, panicle length, harvest index and negatively with the percentage of spikelet sterility and degeneration. Genotypes such as, L-41, L-45, L-112, L-171, L-192 with low IPCA and higher mean were identified with general adaptability through AMMI analysis. In addition, 'which-won-where' pattern of GGE Biplot detected L-192 and L-41 as highest performing genotypes in saline and non-saline environments, respectively. Both the analyses identified stable introgression line L-171 with high yield stability index having phenotypic similarity with recurrent parent, IR 64. The elite lines selected through the present study could be used in rice breeding and also to investigate - 358 - the molecular basis of salt tolerance at reproductive stage.

5 illus, 4 tables, 25 ref

022089   Chandra R (Biological Sciences Dep, MGCGV, Chitrakoot, Satna(MP)-485 334, Email: rctmgcgv@gmail.com) : New species of the genus karshomyia (cecidomyiidae: diptera) from India. Flora Fauna 2016, 22(2), 159-62.

So far seven species of genus Karschomyia have been described from India. Karschomyia peculiaris is the eighth species from India. The characters of adult male gall midges are completely described. Key to species and comparison with other Indian species are also briefly described.

1 illus, 14 ref

022088   Chanchal Kumari;Dutta T K;Gahoi S;Rao U (Nematology Div, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: umarao@iari.res.in) : Insight into the expression profile of defence-related genes in compatible and incompatible Oryza sativa-meloidogyne graminnicola interaction. Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2017, 77(1), 42-50.

The study was conducted to investigate the comparative parasitic ability of root-knot nematode (RKN: Meloidogyne graminicola) in putatively resistant (Suraksha) and susceptible (Pusa 1121) cultivars of rice and to analyse the relative expression level of plant defence genes upon RKN infection in these cultivars. qRT-PCR analyses of RKNinfected roots and their corresponding shoots indicated that phytohormone-mediated host defences were activated during early infection in both susceptible and resistant plants, whereas it was apparently suppressed during later stage of infection in susceptible plants. Expression of defence genes in the shoot tissues of resistant plants suggested the successful induction of systemic acquired resistance. In parallel, lignin-and callose-mediated plant basal defence was activated in Suraksha. Information generated on the RKN-induced expression of defence genes in different rice varieties can be exploited to improve resistance in cultivated species of rice to RKN infection.

4 illus, 1 table, 45 ref

022087   Chakraborti S (Agricultural Entomology Dep, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252, Email: sudarshanbckv@gmail.com) : Assessing effectiveness of an alternate management system for termites in sugarcane plantation. J ent Res 2017, 41(1), 45-9.

An alternate management system for termites in sugarcane was evaluated. The system included reduced frequency of application of synthetic organic pesticides (single application) as compared to standard chemical method, use of phytochemical (dry chilli powder) and food-bait trap (fish bladder) for predatory ant, Tetraponera sp. that predated on termites. Alternate management system was found to be quite effective and reflected in form of lower germination failure (62-65% germination during 30-45 days after sowing) and seedling damage (8-13% damaged tillers during 30-90 days after sowing) in sugarcane as well as in the termite population counts (0.7-9.1/15 cm3/plot) and was at par with chemical check. Chlorfenapyr and imidacloprid were at par but imidacloprid was more toxic to non-target organisms, thus use of chlorfenapyr is the better and rationally more acceptable option. Chilli powder showed some sort of repellent activity and contributed in lowering field population density of termites. Food-bait strongly attracted wood ants and they substantially predated upon termites which was reflected in damage parameters as well as in termite counts. Pesticide alone and in combination with Metarhizium performed at par indicating that fungus could not exert significant influence on termite populations.

3 tables, 18 ref

022086   Cerezo R B;Parreno S C;Fernandez J B;Pena R V D (College of Fisheries, Pangasinan State Univ-Binmaley Campus Binmaley, Pangasinan, Philippines) : Mangroves and associated macroflora and macrofauna of Buenlag-Sabangan river in Binmaley, Pangasinan. Int J Fauna biol Stud 2018, 5(1), 15-18.

To assist the municipal government of Binmaley, Pangasinan in gathering baseline data on their proposed sanctuary in Buenlag-Sabangan River, the status of mangroves and associated flora were assessed as to species composition, frequency of occurrence, density, dominance, and diversity using combination of transect and quadrat method. Five stations were also established in the upstream, midstream and downstream portion of the river specifically for fishes and crustaceans sampling and water quality monitoring. Problems/issues associated with the utilization, management and conservation of the river ecosystem were also determined through ocular observation during transect walk in the mangrove area and through interview to key informants and their severity were measured using hedonic scale. Results of the study revealed three types of macroflora present in the study area: True mangroves, associated mangroves, and beach forest species. True mangroves species consists of three species from Family Rhizophoraceae: Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera cylindrica; two species from Family Avicenniaceae: Avicennia officinales and Avicennia marina: One species each from Family Euphorbiaceae (Excoecaria agallocha), Combretaceae (Lumnitzera racemosa), Myrsinaceae (Aegiceras corniculatum), Sonneratiaceae (Sonneratia alba), Palmae (Nipa fruticans), Pteridaceae (Acrostichum aureum), Acanthaceae (Acanthus elicifolius). Associated species include two species from Family Fabaceae (Derris trifoliate, Acacia farnisiana) and one species from each of the following Families: Combretaceae (Terminalia cattapa), Malvaceae (Hibiscus tiliaceus) Clusiaceae (Calophylum inophyllum), Moraceae (Artocarpus ovatus), Aizoaceae (Sesuvium portuculastrum), Pandanaceae (Pandanus tectorious), and Mimosaceae (Leuceana leucocephalia). Among the beach forest type, only coconut (Cocus nucifera) and Lambayong (Ipomea pescaprae) can be found in the study area. Most frequently occurring true mangrove species are the Rhizophora apiculata, Excoecaria agalocha, Rhizophora mucronata and Brugueira cylindrica. The wildlings outnumbered the saplings and the matured true mangroves with Rhizophora mucronata on the top rank considering all stages. For the associated mangrove species, matured outnumbered the wildlings and the saplings. Most frequently occurring - 356 - associated species is the Derris trifoliate and Actocapus ovatus which is a shrub. Among the true mangrove species Rhizophora apiculata has the highest density (1.01 stand/m2) and Transect 22 has denser (4.54/m2) vegetation. Highest Dominance Index, as computed using the Simpson Index of Dominance of 1 was computed from Transect 19. Mean species diversity of the area is 0.90 with Transect 21 having the highest (H = 2.1923). Macrofaunal species in the study area is composed of fishes, crustaceans and mollusks. Fifteen species of fish (Mugil cephalus, Apogon sp., Tetraodon fluviatilis, Oreochromis mossambicus, Glossogobius sp., Stolephorus heterolobus, Rhynchorhamphus georgii, Suggrundus macracanthus, Bunaka pinguis, Gerres erythrourus, Leognathus equulus, Anadontostoma chacunda, Sillago sp., Anguilla sp., Pseudotriancanthus strigilifer) constitute 48.39% of the total macrofaunal species. Crustaceans constitute 32.26%, 40% of which are crabs and 60% are shrimps. Crab species include two species of the family Portunidae (Portunus pelagicus, Scylla serrata, and two species of the Family Grapsidae (Metapograpsus messor and Varuna litterata). The shrimps are composed of three species of the family Penaiedae (Penaeus sp. Penaeus indicus, Penaeus monodon and Metapenaeus ensis) and two species of the family Palaemonidae (Macrobrachium sp. and one unidentified species (Tampal bae). Six species of mollusks (Telescopium telescopium, Terebralia sp, Perna sp., Crassostrea sp., Isognomon ephippium, Nerita communis) were found in the study area. The frequency per species of fish and crustaceans is low. The size of most of the species is also small. Computed catch per unit effort (CPUE) is also very low. This indicates overfishing in the river.

22 ref

022085   Capinpin E C (Fisheries Science Dep, Pangasinan State Univ - Binmaley Campus, Binmaley, Pangasinan, Philippines) : Growth, movement and recovery of tagged topshell, Trochus niloticus, juveniles in Imondayon, Anda, Pangasinan, Northern Philippines. Int J Fauna biol Stud 2018, 5(1), 1-4.

In the study, the growth, movement and recovery rates of tagged wild Trochus niloticus juveniles were - 355 - assessed after deployment in Imondayon, Anda, Pangasinan, in Northern Philippines. Two batches composed of 51 (35.88 mm shell diameter ± 3.60) and 35 (36.56 mm ± 3.73) juveniles were tagged and released into an intertidal flat with coral rubble near a sand bar in Imondayon reef on November 27, 2014 and December 18, 2014, respectively. In the first batch, only 5 live specimens were retrieved after 89 days (9.80% recovery rate). On the other hand, in the second batch a low recovery rate of 5.88% was observed after 68 days. Observed growth rates in both batches ranged from 0.052 to 0.096 mm/day, which is similar to that observed in other previous studies on same-sized juveniles. Some shells were also recovered dead but whole and with observed growth, which suggests predation by non-crushing predatory gastropods and/or hermit crabs. Wild trochus are cryptic and highly mobile, moving into deeper areas as they grow in size, which also explains the low recovery rates observed in the present study.

1 table, 20 ref

022084   Borzou A (Agronomy Dep, College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad Univ, Varamin - Pishva Branch, Varamin, Tehran, Iran) : Use of modified fiber with monomer 2-hydroxy propyl methacrylate to remove lead ions from wastewater. Int J pharm Res Allied Sci 2017, 6(4), 42-53.

The present study aims to modify the adsorption properties of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by grafting monomer 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate for treatment of lead from wastewater. The produced copolymer was divided into three groups of 0 to 20, 20 to 40 and above 40% in terms of graft percentage. In order to achieve optimal conditions for adsorption, the best pH, the best contact time with absorbent (stylish time), the best absorbent to solution ratio, the best graft percentage and the best concentration of the solution for lead were respectively obtained as follows: 6, 30 minutes, 2.5 g / l, over 40% and 120 milligrams per liter. Using the obtained conditions at temperatures of 288, 298 and 313 degrees Kelvin, the most suitable isotherm for adsorption was determined from Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich equations. Data fitting with the adsorption isotherms of Langmuir and Freundlich showed the highest correlation. To examine the adsorption capacity of the filter prepared in natural conditions, the wastewater of Esfahan Steel Company was used after pH was adjusted and 50 mg /l of lead was added. 50% of the lead added to the wastewater was treated by filtering.

2 tables, 28 ref

022083   Bala S C;Sarkar A (AICRP on Potato Directorate of Research, B.C.K.V., Kalyani, Nadia-741 235, Email: sb.bckv@rediffmail.com) : Population abundance and eco-friendly management of tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera Hb. on tomato under West Bengal conditions. J ent Res 2017, 41(1), 39-43.

The larval population of tomato fruit borer, H. armigera first appeared in the field during 3rd standard metrological week (SMW) which gradually increased and reached its peak (7.37 larvae per plant) during 12th SMW i.e. on 21.3.16. Correlation between various abiotic factors viz., maximum relative humidity (r = -0.38), minimum relative humidity (r = -0.21) and rainfall (r = -0.33) with fruit borer larval population was found to be negative where as maximum temperature (r = 0.88), minimum temperature (r = 0.86) and sunshine hour (r = 0.34) were positively correlated with H. armigera larval population. Application of Beauveria bassiana 1.50% LF (Bio-Power) at three different doses along with neem and quinalphos revealed that upto 80% pest mortality over untreated control can be obtained when Beauveria bassiana 1.50% LF was applied @ 4000 ml/ha.

1 illus, 6 tables, 11 ref

022082   Bajpai R;Chauhan J S (Seed Science and Technology Dep, H.N.B Garhwal Univ, Srinagar, Garhwal-246 174, Email: bajpai.ruchi9@gmail.com) : Response of certain physical and chemical treatments to improve seed germination of Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz.. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(1), 35-8.

Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz. is a threatened plant species because of extensive utilization for its wide ranging medicinal applications. The roots of R. serpentina are under use in traditional and Modern systems of medicine. The wild population of this valuable medicinal plant is in dwindling stage in the natural habitats due to over exploitation and different anthropogenic activities. R. serpentina can be propagated by both seed and propagules but seed mediated propagation is unsatisfactory due to dormancy and poor germination. Thus efforts were made in this study to break dormancy and improve germination of seeds for boosting conservation. The viability of R. serpentina was found 69%. Germination percentage of treated seeds showed improved germination of 27.5% when treated with H₂SO₄ for 30 minutes. Scarified seed exhibited 38% germination and the highest germination achieved by Gibberellic acid 300 ppm (59.7%) over control which resulted into only 13% germination. Temperature also influenced the germination percentage that was obtained highest at 30°C. Results of treatments indicate the presence of - 354 - coat induced and non-deep physiological dormancy in this species. Due to its potential to cure different diseases it is therefore essential to cultivate this drug yielding plant on large scale for the mass multiplication and production of quality planting material of R. Serpentina.

1 illus, 1 table, 31 ref

022081   Babu B K;Joshi A;Sood S;Agrawal P K (NO, ICAR-Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusanthan Sansthan, Almora-263 601, Email: kalyan_biotek@yahoo.co.in) : Identification of microsatellite markers for finger millet genomics application through cross transferability of rice genomic SSR markers. Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2017, 77(1), 92-8.

In the present investigation, 345 rice genomic SSR markers were used for finding the cross transferability in twelve finger millet accessions. Out of which, 202 SSRs (58.6%) showed transferability among the finger millet genotypes and only 26 (13%) were found to be polymorphic. Thirteen markers were polymorphic between two finger millet genotypes, VR708 and GPU48, whereas five markers were between GE86 and PRM801. These markers can be effectively used in mapping populations for construction of linkage maps. Few putative orthologous regions for grain yield and its components like 1000 grain weight, leaf characteristics and root traits between rice and finger millet were detected. Among the biotic stresses, blast and brown plant hopper (BPH) resistance loci were found to be highly conserved. The PIC values of all the polymorphic loci varied from 0.15 to 0.55. Power Marker grouped the finger millet genotypes into two major clusters based on the races. The average gene diversity existing among the genotypes was relatively high (41%) indicating the usefulness of cross transferability in millet

3 illus, 4 tables, 31 ref

022080   Asimi O A;Khan I A;Bhat T H;Hussain N (Fish Nutrition and Biochemistry Dep, Faculty of Fisheries, Rangil, Jammu and Kashmir) : Proximate analysis of some of the commonly available fish feed ingredients of Kashmir. Int J Fish aqua Stud 2018, 6(1), 9-12.

The present study was carried out to determine the proximate composition of few selected fish feed ingredients collected from local market of Kashmir Valley during 10 June, 2017 to 15 September, 2017. Feed ingredients were analysed for protein, lipid, carbohydrate and also assessed for ash and moisture. Proximate compositions of feed ingredients were determined on the homogenous basis. The percentage of protein in selected feed ingredients ranged from (8.0%-42.4%). The - 353 - percentage of lipid in selected feed ingredients varied from (1.5%-12.1%). The percentage of moisture and ash were recorded at (7.1%-12.9%) and (1.1%-24.9%) respectively. Carbohydrate and nitrogen free extract were found to be in the range of (3.9%-25.1%) and (28.9%-54.1%) respectively. In order to provide cost effect feed to fish farmers, it is necessary that we should target locally available feed ingredients. This will not only bring down the cost of feed but at the same time decrease cost of production.

1 illus, 1 tables, 17 ref

022079   Ashish Kumar;Yadav R;Sagar V;Gaikwad K B;Jain N (Genetics Div, ICAR-Indian Agricultural research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, Email: rajbiryadav@yahoo.com) : Genetic and time series analysis for grain growth rate and grain filling duration under conservation agriculture in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2017, 77(2), 258-65.

Grain filling rate (GFR) and grain filling duration (GFD) are most important growth traits. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out to analyze the trend for these traits in the mega varieties released at the different time and to identify the type of gene action governing these traits. The study showed continuous improvement in grain filling rate over time and there is no indication of its saturation and therefore, can be further explored to achieve yield gains. Grain filling duration indicates no change in mega varieties over time for normal sown condition largely because of the trade-off between time and heat stress, however, conservation agriculture condition can provide an opportunity for its exploitation. Under late sown linear regression showed a strong declining trend over the years. The analysis of variance revealed the presence of significant genetic variability, not only among the elite breeding material specifically developed for conservation agriculture (CA) condition but also among released varieties, indicating sufficient scope for their exploitation. Diallel analysis of 21 F1s generated from 7 parents for GFD and GFR indicated the preponderance of additive gene action in the material validating the effectiveness of progeny based selection for both traits under study. Elite breeding material CSW02 displayed high GCA for both the traits and therefore, can be effectively involved in the crossing program to make further gain. Cross CSW77 x CSW57 having a high value of SCA effect for both GFR and GFD provide scope for its exploitation through hybrid development.

2 illus, 4 tables, 29 ref

022078   Arya A K;Mishra V K;Verma S;Singh C P (Entomology Dep, College of Agriculture, Govind Ballabh Pant Univ Agriculture and Techn, Pantnagar-263 145, Email: premvijaybhu@gmail.com) : Seasonal incidence of rice yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) on different accessions in rice agro-ecosystem. J ent Res 2017, 41(1), 77-83.

Studies on population dynamics of yellow stem borer on different rice varieties revealed that the dead heart formation was observed from the 2nd week of August and peak deadheart formation was observed during 4th week of September in PS-15 (30.3%) followed by PR-113 (26.7%) and was minimum in HKR-4 - 352 - (14.6%). The white ear head formation started from the 1st week of September and attained its peak during 2nd week of November with maximum white ears in NDR-359 (44.9%) followed by PR-113 (44.3%) and minimum in variety PS-5 (27%). White earhead symptom and weather parameters, showed that varieties, PR-113, HKR-47 and PS-15 exhibited significant negative correlation with maximum temperature. Significant negative correlation values -0.962, -0.927, -0.903, -0.931, -0.940 and -0.931 were recorded in varieties, PR-113, HKR-47, PS-4, NDR-359, Sarju-52 and PS-21, respectively with minimum temperature. Varieties PR-113, NDR-359, and Sarju-52 showed significant negative correlation with minimum relative humidity.

2 illus, 4 tables, 19 ref

022077   Anuradha N;Satyavathi C T;Meena M C;Sankar S M;Bhardwaj C;Bhat J;Singh O;Singh S P (Genetics Div, National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, Email: csatyavathi@gmail.com) : Evaluation of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] for grain iron and zinc content in different agro climatic zones of India. Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2017, 77(1), 65-73.

Micronutrient malnutrition, especially the paucity of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) is posing a big threat to the world affecting nearly 25% of worldwide population. Pearl millet is endowed with huge amount of variability for micronutrients especially for grain Fe and Zn content. Micronutrient enrichment in pearl millet is possible by identifying stable genotypes for high levels of micronutrients and utilising them in breeding programme. In this context, a set of 40 pearl millet genotypes along with one check, Dhanshakti (G30), were evaluated at three different agro climatic zones during the year 2014 for grain iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) contents using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The genotypes contributed 58.3% and 52.8% of the total variation for grain Fe and Zn content, respectively. The magnitude of variation contributed by interaction component was also relatively high (39.7% and 32.5% for grain Fe and Zn). Both AMMI and GGE biplot analysis identified desirable genotypes; PPMI 708 (G40), PPMI 1102 (G25) and PPMI 683 (G39) for grain Fe content, whereas PPMI 708 (G40), PPMI 1116 (G24) and PPMI 683 (G39) for grain Zn content. The Pearson correlation coefficient for grain Fe and Zn content showed that both traits are highly associated (r = 0.8, p <60>0.01) and these traits did not associate significantly with grain yield. Hence, there is possibility for simultaneous improvement of both grain Fe and Zn content without compromising for grain yield.

2 illus, 6 tables, 37 ref

022076   Ankit Kumar;Pradeep Kumar;Singh G;Tiwari K N (NO, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut-250 110, Email: pradeeptaliyan231@gmail.com) : Stability analysis for different agromorphological traits under different temperature regimes in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(3), 270-4.

The study was undertaken to identify the stable genotypes for grain yield and its components traits with desirable performance under three varying temperature regimes taking 20 diverse wheat genotypes planted under three microenvironments during Rabi 2012-2013. Pooled analysis of variance revealed significant variance due to environment for all - 351 - traits indicating thereby differential response of all the genotypes. The combined analysis of variance depicted significant G x E interaction for all the characters under study indicating substantial amount of predictable G x E interaction. For grain yield, two genotypes (NW 1014 and K 9162) exhibited stable performance across the environments based on their superior mean performance, regression coefficient (b) close to unity and non significant deviations from regression. Genotype K 612 showed superior mean performance, had regression coefficient greater than unity with non-significant deviation from regression coefficient and thus was found suitable for favorable conditions. Whereas, genotype K 9162 was the highest yielding and stable genotype along with early maturity (118 days) and has potential for late planting conditions and may also be utilized for hybridization programme to improve yield and reduce crop duration in wheat.

3 tables, 11 ref

022075   Anitha K;Jawaharlal M;John Joel A;Ganga M (Floriculture and Landscaping Dep, HC & RI (W), Trichy, Email: anithasujay@gmail.com) : Determination of mutagenic sensitivity of Bougainvillea spectabilis willd. (cv. lalbagh) to physical and chemical mutagens. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(2), 143-8.

In a mutation breeding experiment, LD₅₀ gives an indication of the response of different types of explants of a species to mutagen, so that the right dose(s) for the main field experiment can be fixed to obtain beneficial mutants with minimal population loss. In the present investigation, hard wood cuttings of Bougainvillea cv. Lalbagh were treated with fifteen different dosages of Gamma rays and EMS ranging from 4 to 45 Gray and 8 mM to 240 mM respectively. The results revealed a gradual and significant reduction in survival of cuttings, shoot length, leaf length and leaf width with increase in dosage of both mutagens. There was a complete inhibition of survival (100%) over control in the treatments above 25 Gray (Gy) of gamma rays and 200 mM of EMS treatments. Shoot length recorded the highest in control (34.44 cm and 18.70 cm) in gamma rays and EMS treatments respectively. Significant reduction of shoot length (1.97 cm), leaf length (1.50 cm) and leaf width (0.80 cm) were observed in 20 Gy gamma rays and in EMS treatment, 160 mM concentration recorded the lowest shoot length (5.67 cm), leaf length (2.10 cm) and leaf width (1.70 cm). The probit curve analysis based on the survival of treated cuttings exhibited that, LD₅₀ was determined as 5-10 Gray for Gamma radiation and 85.70 mM for EMS.

3 illus, 4 tables, 42 ref

022074   Anbukkarasi K;Umamaheswari T (NO, RVS Agricultural College, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu-613 402, Email: anbumicro80@gmail.com) : Assessment of polymers as alternative carrier for rice endophytes for use as bioinoculants. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(3), 257-60.

Authors aimed to assess two different polymersviz., cellulose andstarch for - 350 - preparation of riceendophytic formulations. Six previously isolated rice endophytic bacteria were characterized and identified as Paenibacillus isolates (K₄, K₁₅, N₁ and Y₂), Pseudomonas isolates (K₂₃ and G) and RhizobiumCOG₅ was used as reference strain. Among the isolates, reference strain RhizobiumCOG₅ showed maximum nitrogenase activity (52 n moles ml^-1 h^-1). Paenibacillus isolate K₁₅ produced maximum amount of indole acetic acid (IAA) (21.5 mg 100 ml^-1) and cytokinin(12.5 ng ml^-1) whereas Pseudomonas isolate G produced maximum amount of gibberellic acid (11.60 μg ml^-1). Polymer based carrier formulations were prepared by using cellulose and starch. Population in polymer based formulations was maintained at 10⁸cfug^-1 whereas in lignite it was maintained up to 10⁷cfug^-1. Among the cellulose and starch polymer formulations evaluated, cellulose was found to be the best carrier for rice endophytes.Among the treatments, cellulose blended formulation promote higher vigour index and dry matter production (2.5 mg seedling^-1) followed by starch blends.

2 tables, 33 ref

022073   Amule F C;Sirothiya P;Rawat A K;Mishra U S (Soil Science Dep, JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh) : Efficacy of actinomycetes, Rhizobium and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria consortium inoculants on symbiotic traits, nodule leghemoglobin and yield of soybean in central India. Int J chem Stud 2018, 6(1), 593-6.

A field experiment was carried out research field, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) during the kharif season of 2016 to find out the efficacy of Actinomycetes, Rhizobium and PGPR consortium inoculants on symbiotic traits, nodule leghemoglobin and yield of soybean in a Vertisol of Central India. The said experiment was the field testing part of research which was conducted during 2002-2007 to 2007-2012. The efficacy of two isolates of each microbial inoculants as mono-inoculation and their combinations as co-inoculation of Actinomycetes, Rhizobium and PGPR were tested along with fertilized uninoculated control (FUI) and unfertilized uninoculated control (UFUI) were also evaluated. Results revealed that the among microbial inoculants, the Actinomycetes + consortia of Rhizobium and PGPR (CRP) was found most effective in respect of symbiotic parameters including nodule number (30.8 and 30.0 nodules plant^-1), nodule dry weight (42.1 and 61.7 mg/plant) at 35 and 55 DAS respectively, shoot and root dry weight (2.78 and 0.56 g plant^-1) at 45 DAS respectively, leghemoglobin content (1.88 and 2.15 mg/g of fresh nodule) at 35 and 55 DAS respectively, followed by CRP nodule number (26.0 and 28.3 nodules plant^-1), nodule dry weight (37.5 and 56.2 mg plant^-1), shoot and root dry weight (2.52 and 0.53 g plant^-1), leghemoglobin content (1.68 and 1.92 mg g^-1 of fresh nodule) and also showed its positive effect in enhancing all the yield attributing parameters, seed and stover yields.

1 illus, 2 tables, 15 ref