022072   Amule F C;Sirothiya P;Rawat A K;Mishra U S (Soil Science Dep, MGCGV, Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh) : Effect of actinobacterial, Rhizobium and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria consortium inoculation on rhizosphere soil properties of soybean in Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh. Int J chem Stud 2018, 6(1), 583-6.

Objective of this study was to assess the inoculation effect of actinobacterial, rhizobium and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria consortium on rhizosphere soil properties in the soybean. For this study, two isolates of each Actinobacteria, Rhizobium and PGPR microbial inoculants as mono-inoculation and their combination as - 349 - co-inoculation which proved to be highly efficient in initial screenings under controlled conditions in soybean under glass house conditions were further used for evaluation under field conditions having Vertisol type of soil. Actinobacteria, Rhizobium and PGPR Consortium showed significant difference in improving plant growth attributes and yield components of soybean at different growth stages. Among the microbial inoculants tested Actinobacteria, Rhizobium and PGPR Consortium inoculated plants showed higher N, P and K uptake (206, 13 and 101 kg/ha, respectively) and there was no significant difference with respect to soil pH, EC and organic carbon content in soils after crop harvest of soybean. In soils after crop harvest actinobacteria, Rhizobium and PGPR consortium recorded the highest available N, P and K 239, 16.6 and 302 kg/ha, respectively). This inoculants also recorded higher population of bacteria (36.5 x 10⁵cfu g/soil) fungi (20.6 x 10³cfu g/soil) and Actinomycetes (Bacillus sp.) (15.4 x 10⁵cfu g/soil). Among the mono and co-inoculation, co-inoculation of Actinobacteria, Rhizobium and PGPR Consortium were found best for improving the yield of soybean and also soil health.

1 illus, 2 tables, 28 ref

022071   Aminah S;Ahmadi (Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Lambung Mangkurat Univ Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia) : Experimental fishing with LED light traps for three-spot gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus) in Martapura, Indonesia. Int J Fish aqua Stud 2018, 6(1), 37-42.

The Three-spot gourami and other aquatic species were sampled from Martapura waters by using LED light traps. The trials consisted of 260-trap hauls with a submersion time of 2 h per night. Light traps sampling accounted for 212 specimens assigned to 12 species of 8 families. Trichogaster trichopterus and Pila scutata were frequently found in each individual trap throughout the sampling periods. Male and female T. trichopterus showed negative allometric growth. Other aquatic species like Macrobrachium sintangense and Enhydris enhydris were also recorded as additional scientific evidence. The continuous LED light traps seemed to be more effective in collecting specimens than the blinking ones for the most part. The trap fishing with colour LED lights significantly differed from control trap. The yield per unit effort (YPUE) for continuous LED light traps ranged from 4.20-33.10 and from 1.40-13.55 for the blinking ones. It is recognized that low catches in the present study were attributable to technical barriers and other external factors being faced. For future applications, the use of the continuous LED light traps is recommended.

3 illus, 4 tables, 28 ref

022070   Ambresh;Lingaiah H B;Fakrudin B;Shivapriya M; Singh T H;Venugopalan R;Bhat A (NO, Univ. of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot-591 310, Email: ambrish465@gmail.com) : Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and quality traits in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(1), 19-21.

The genetic parameters were studied to elucidate the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Field evaluation of F6 recombinant inbred lines was done. The genotypes exhibited a wide range of variability for all the characters studied. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters studied. High heritability was observed for the characters Average fruit weight (g) (76.29%), Number of branches per plant (82.29), Number of fruits per plant (84.91), Plant height(cm) (86.87), Fruit yield per plant (kg) (76.87), Total soluble solid (0Brix) (80.10), Number of locules/fruit (77.34) and Pericarp thickness (mm) (73.97). High heritability combined with high genetic advance indicates that additive gene action plays a major role in governing these traits and these traits can be improved by simple selection.

2 tables, 15 ref

022069   Ali A;et al. (Fisheries Biology and Genetics Dep, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh) : Optimization of stocking density of Thai sharpunti, Barbonymus gonionotus (Bleeker) in monoculture system. Int J Fish aqua Stud 2018, 6(1), 13-18.

The optimization of stocking density of Thai silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus) was investigated in monoculture system over a period of 3 months from July 15, 2016 to October 15, 2016. Three different stocking densities of 150, 200 and 250 fingerlings per decimal were tested in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. At the stocking, all the fishes were of same age group and the average weights of fingerlings were 8.16±0.26, 8.14±0.28 g and 8.17±0.30 g in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Fishes in all the experimental ponds were supplemented mega pre starter for the first 15 days, starter feeds for next 45 days and grower feeds for the rest of 15 days. Water quality parameters were within suitable range for fish culture in all the experimental ponds. At the experimental period, highest growth parameters and survival rates were estimated in T1 compared to others two treatments (T1 and T2), indicating the decrease of growth performance with the increasing stocking density. The highest gross productions were obtained in T2, but the highest net productions were in T1 where the stocking densities were 150 and 200 per decimal in T1 and T2, respectively. However, more research still needed to further optimize stocking density of Thai Sharpunti in monoculture system. Till then, stocking density of 150 and 200 B. gonionotus fish per decimal will yield a better production to fish farmers in monoculture system.

4 table, 33 ref

022068   Ajima M N O;Audu B S;Mane A M;Okeke L; Varghese T (Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology Dep, Federal Univ of Technology, P.M.B. 1526 Owerri, Nigeria, Email: malajimo@gmail.com) : - 347 - Alteration in activities of some selected metabolic enzymes and heamatological profile of african catfish, Clarias gariepinus chronically treated with urea fertilizer. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(2), 129-34.

Pollution emanating from agricultural fertilizers, which are used to increase crop production has posed immeasurable threat to aquatic life and consequently resulted in negative effects. The effects of sub-lethal exposure to urea fertilizer especially physiological responses of Clarias gariepinus remain unknown under a static renewal bioassay. In this study, haematological and biochemical responses of C. gariepinus exposed to 0.75, 1.50, 3.00 g L^-1 concentrations of urea fertilizer were investigated for 56 day. The exposure led to significant reduction in haemoglobin levels, packed cell volume, red blood cell, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, with increase in white blood cell, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration in exposed fish compared with the control. Leucocyte differentials showed significant decrease (p<60>0.05) in neutrophils and increase in lymphocytes and monocytes counts. In addition, glucose, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase levels were significantly increased (p <60> 0.05) while protein level was reduced in serum and liver of the treated fish. The study reports that prolonged exposure to urea fertilizer can induce physiological dysfunction in C. gariepinus juveniles. Care should be taken to reduce the influx of these agricultural fertilizers especially urea in aquatic ecosystem through good management strategies.

5 illus, 3 tables, 47 ref

022067   Ajay B C;Meena H N;Singh A L;Bera S K;Dagla M C;Narendra Kumar;Makwana A D (NO, ICAR-Directorate of Goundnut Research, PB <35>5, Ivnagar Road, Junagadh-362 001, Email: ajaygbp@yahoo.co.in) : Response of different peanut genotypes to reduced phosphorous availability. Indian J Genet Pl Breed 2017, 77(1), 105-111.

Performances of 23 peanut genotypes comprising of popular varieties and few widely used germplasm accessions were compared under P-unfertilized and Pfertilized conditions during kharif and summer seasons to identify P-efficient and P-inefficient genotypes. Yield parameters and P concentrations in different plant parts at maturity were recorded and P-efficiency indices calculated. Significant differences among peanut genotypes, P levels and P x genotype interactions were observed for all the traits. LP caused 33% and 23% yield reduction during kharif and summer season respectively. However, performance of genotypes varied with the season and P supply. Genotypes FeESG-10, GG-7, GG-20 and TG-37A with high yield, kernel P-uptake and P concentration in leaf were Pefficient. On the contrary genotypes NRCG-162, GPBD-4, NRCG-7320 and NRCG-7085 were identified as P-inefficient. As an immediate solution to P deficient soils, the P-efficient genotypes could be directly grown in the LP soils with/without using P to get high yield.

4 illus, 2 tables, 23 ref

022066   Agasiamani A A;Vishnuvardhana;Hanchinamani V; Ravikumar M;Chandalinga (NO, K.R.C. College of Horticulture, Arabhavi-591 218, Email: arifhort@gmail.com) : Correlation and path co-efficient studies in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) under hill zone of Karnataka. Res Envir Life Sci 2017, 10(2), 119-22.

Correlation and path analysis studies were carried out on 16 growth and yield traits in 71 genotypes of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). There was the highest significant positive association of seed yield per plant with plant height at 60 days after sowing (DAS), number of primary and secondary branches at 60 DAS, number of leaves at 60 DAS, fresh and dry weight of the plant at 60 DAS, number of umbels per plant at 60 DAS, number of umbellets per umbel at 60 DAS, thousand seed weight and seed yield per hectare at both genotypic and phenotypic level. The path co-efficient revealed that plant height at 60 DAS, number of leaves at 60 DAS, herbage yield, days to fifty per cent flowering, number of umbels per plant at 60 DAS, number of umbellets per umbel at 60 DAS, crop duration, harvest index and seed yield per hectare had high positive direct effect indicating their true positive and significant association with seed yield.

4 tables, 21 ref

022065   Achin Kumar;Singh A P (Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry Dep, Institute of Agricultural Sciences Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) : Direct and residual effect of zinc and boron on growth parameters of rice and wheat grown in sequence in red and alluvial soils of eastern Uttar Pradesh. Int J chem Stud 2018, 6(1), 587-92.

A pot experiment was conducted in net house of the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India during kharif 2014 and rabi 2014-15 to evaluate the direct effect of zinc (Zn) and boron (B) fertilizers on plant growth parameters of rice and their residual effect on subsequent wheat crop grown in red and alluvial soils. Four levels of Zn equivalent to 0, 1, 2 and 4 mg kg^-1 soil and four levels of B equivalent to 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg kg^-1 soil were applied in combinations as treatments in a factorial completely randomized design (FCRD) with three - 346 - replications. The result showed that among the levels of zinc the direct application of 4 mg Zn kg^-1 soil along with RDF to rice was most beneficial and brought highest improvement in growth parameters and similarly on succeeding wheat crop also in both the soils. Among the levels of boron the direct application of 1 mg B kg^-1 soil along with RDF recorded highest improvement in growth parameters of rice and 2 mg B kg^-1 soil in succeeding wheat crop. However the combined application of Zn and B was found non-significant of rice and succeeding wheat crops in red and alluvial soils of the study area.

5 tables, 45 ref

022064   Abhishek G M;Thimmegowda M N;Ramachandrappa B K;Nagaraju;Murukannappa (Agronomy Dep, College of Agriculture, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru-560 065) : Efficiency of herbigation based weed management practices in aerobic rice. Int J Sci Nat 2017, 8(3), 447-52.

A field trial was conducted during the summer season of 2015 at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra (GKVK), Bengaluru, to find out the efficiency of herbigation based weed management practices in aerobic rice. The experiment consisted of 12 treatments laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications comprising pre-emergent herbigation of two herbicides at three doses integrated with one hand weeding, post emergent herbigation at two doses, post emergent herbigation with one hand weeding, one hand weeding and one intercultivation compared with weedy check and weed free check. Among different herbigation treatments pre-emergent herbigation of pretilachlor + bensulfuron methyl 6.6% GR @ 10 kg ha^-1 + one hand weeding + one intercultivation has recorded significantly higher number of productive tillers per hill (33.2), panicle length (25.8 cm), panicle weight (204.3 g hill^-1), total number of grains per panicle (291.0), weed control efficiency (84.09%), grain yield (8954 kg ha^-1), straw yield (11371 kg ha^-1) and lower total weed density (4.33 No. 0.25 m^-2) and dry weight (0.83 g 0.25 m^-2, respectively) followed by pre-emergent herbigation of pretilachlor + bensulfuron methyl 6.6% GR @ 10 kg ha^-1 + post emergent herbigation of bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 200 ml ha^-1 + one hand weeding which were on par with each other and weed free check. Whereas, weedy check registered significantly lower number of productive tillers per hill (14.0), panicle length (20.6 cm), panicle weight (92.5 g hill^-1), total number of grains per panicle (207.7), grain yield (1379 kg ha^-1), straw yield (1676 kg ha^-1) and higher total weed density (39.67 No. 0.25 m^-2) and dry weight (14.50 g 0.25 m^-2, respectively) and higher weed index (85.46%).

5 tables, 16 ref

022063   Abbas E M;Megahed E T;Hemeda S A;ElNahas A F (Genetics, Aquaculture Div, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayed Bey, Anfushi, Alexandria, Egypt) : DNA barcoding and molecular population structure of two species from genus Diplodus based on COI gene in the egyptian mediterranean sea. Int J Fish aqua Stud 2018, 6(1), 1-8.

Genetic population structure and DNA barcoding of two species Diplodus, (Diplodus sargus and Diplodus vulgaris) belonging to family Sparidae, were determined by using 652 bp of the mitochondrial DNA sequences of the COI gene for 114 individuals collected from six locations in the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea. Eleven haplotypes were detected for D. sargus including 10 polymorphic sites and 10 haplotypes for D. vulgaris containing 16 polymorphic sites without insertion and deletion. Two dominant haplotypes of D. sargus were shared among the six locations, while only one haplotype of D. vulgaris was common in the same mentioned locations. The haplotype and nucleotide diversities of D. sargus individuals were 0.652 and 0.00134 respectively, while those of D. vulgaris were0.541 and - 345 - 0.00188, respectively. There is no significant population subdivision between all six locations based on the Fst values (genetic diversity) of the population for the two species from genus Diplodus. Therefore, our data reflects the high connectivity between all populations indicating that these populations share the same genetic material.

3 illus, 4 tables, 40 ref

021267   Yashavantha Kumar K J;Desai S A (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, UAS, Dharwad-580 005, Email: yashavanth.17@gmail.com) : Genetic analysis of NBPGR-exotic collections of wheat germplasm for yield and yield related traits under leaf rust condition. Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 91-4.

Genetic variability, genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation, heritability and genetic advance and simple correlation for twelve characters in one hundred and twenty genotypes of Exotic wheat germplasm collection of NBPGR, including five check varieties of were studied under leaf rust condition at UAS, Dharwad. The analysis of variance revealed, highly significant differences for mean sum of squares for yield, yield related traits and leaf rust disease reaction. The estimates of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation (GCV and PCV) were moderate for many characters except but low for days to 50% flowering, days to physiological maturity and plant height. High heritability along with high genetic advance was obtained for 100 grain weight, number of grains per spike, days to 50% flowering and plant height. The trial was maintained under leaf rust condition, out of 120, 72 genotypes displayed race-specific resistance were either immune or near immune, 30 genotypes displayed resistant to moderately resistant reaction (MR) and moderately susceptile (MS) reaction, and 10 genotypes displayed compatible susceptible interaction with larger uredinia but without chlorosis or necrosis. With respect to final leaf rust disease reaction, range observed was resistant to susceptible (FRS: 0-100, AUDPC: 0-2310). A significant positive correlation was observed between days to 50% flowering and days to maturity(r=0.67), spikelet per spike and spike length(r=0.49), Spikelet per spike and seeds per spike (r=0.71) and between final rust severity and AUDPC(r=0.99).

4 tables, 22 ref

021266   Vikram B;Nishad P K (Horticulture Dep, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology & Sciences, Allahabad-211 007, Email: balajivikramallahabad@gmail.com) : Preparation of value added kinnow - aonla squash. Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 111-15.

A study was carried out to detect the effect of different levels of herbals and quality attributes in Kinnow - aonla beverages during storage in the year 2011-2012. The concept of formulation of Kinnow and Aonla mix beverage with three levels of each cardamom and ginger as herbal additives. All the herbal treatments were found better in respect of TSS, pH, acidity and ascorbic acid content over control. Highest mean TSS (50.47 °Brix), pH (2.36) and ascorbic acid content (31.50%) were observed in T₆ (ginger extract 1.5%), all the sensory parameters were as based on the overall acceptability (8.23 score) which was depended on colour (7.71), texture (8.17) and taste (8.75) were recorded highest in T₆ on the basis of the storage period (eight months). The design was used C.R.D. with seven treatment combinations included control. Sensory results showed that there was declining trend in the scores obtained for colour, texture, and taste. The overall results showed that combination of different herbs gave best results for taste than without combinations.

3 tables, 25 ref

021265   Sudhir Kumar;Debnath M K;Sameer Kumar C V; Singh P K;Sultana R (NO, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRI, Patancheru-502 324, Email: sudhirk121@gmail.com) : Heterosis and pollen fertility in CGMS based pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh] hybrids. Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 107-10.

Twenty CGMS-based pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan(L.) Millspaugh] hybrids were synthesized manually by crossing five CMS lines (A lines) with 11 male lines (R lines) and these hybrids wereevaluated to studyyield potential with the performance of their R- lines. The results showed that the restoring capacities of restorer linesare very important to quality seed production and for yield potential.Result from the study indicated thatmost of the R- line acts as good restorer and it ranged from98.50% (ICPL 20108) to 59.22%(ICPL 2009.In present study most of the hybrids showed standard heterosis towards in desirable direction for yield and yield contributing characters over the checks so these cross combination of parent may be exploited to developed the hybrid in pigeonpea for obtaining higher grain yield.The range of standard heterosis over Asha for grain yield per plant was ranged from -13.06 (ICPA 2092 x ICPL 20123) to 40.91% (ICPA 2047 x ICPL 20126).

1 illus, 2 tables, 21 ref

021264   Sonawane R K;Chavan L S;Latkar A S (Agronomy Dep, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli-415 712, Email: ro_hhit@yahoo.com) : Nutrient status of soil after harvest of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) as influenced by integrated nutrient management. Flora Fauna 2017, 23(1), 78-82.

The field experiments were conducted in Agronomy Department Farm, College of Agriculture, Dapoli. Dist. Ratnagiri during Kharif seasons to study the "Nutrient status of soil after the harvest of pigeonpea as influenced by Intigrated nutrient Management". Results showed that available N and P content of soil after harvest of pigeonpea were improved due to all the nutrient management treatments over their respective initial values. Application of 75% RDF + Two foliar sprays of nutrients (Potassium nitrate 1% + DAP 1% + Boron 500 ppm at flowering and 20 days after first spray) + Biofertilizers (Rhizobium +PSB) and RDF + Biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB) remained at par and both the treatments significantly improved the available N and P status of soil after harvest of pigeonpea crop over rest of the nutrient management treatments. the values were rather higher compared to their initial levels indicating the increased production of pigeonpea without reduction in soil fertility.

2 tables, 3 ref

021263   Singh S P;Singh S K;Awasthi L P;Chaudhary A K (Plant Pathology and Entomology Dep, N.D. Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Faizabad-224 229, Email: abhichaudhary15@gnmail.com) : Transmission of yellow vein mosaic virus disease in okra. Res Envir Life Sci 2016, , 29-30.

Okra yellow vein mosaic disease is caused by Okra yellow vein mosaic virus (genus Begomovirus and family Geminiviridae) of the most serious disease of okra. The only known method of transmission of OYVMV is through whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.). The studies on the transmission of this disease by mechanical, graft and insect vectors were conducted during Kharif, 2012 and 2013 at net house and glass house of the Department of Plant Pathology of this University. Results have indicated that OYVMV was readily transmitted by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and graft inoculation. However, mechanical sap and aphids (Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii and Aphis craccivora) could not transmit the virus.

1 table, 15 ref

021262   Singh P;Yadav S;Chourasiya V K;Singh P (seed science & technology Dep, C.S. Azad univ of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208 002, Email: priyanka.agkanpur@gmail.com) : Evaluation of the most suitable insecticidal treatments for maintaining duration of storability and quality of seed of field pea seeds (Pisum sativum L). Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 54-5.

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of insecticidal seed treatment on seed storability of field pea variety sapna during storage in year 2012-13 at the Department of Seed Science and Technology C.S.A. University of Agriculture and Technology Kanpur. Freashly harvested seeds were subjected to the testing against seed quality parameters and treated with Emamectin benzoate @ 40mg/kg, Spinosad @4.4mg/kg, Indoxacarb @ 13.8 mg/kg, Rynaxypr @9.9 mg/kg, Chlorfenapyr @ 0.2 mg/kg, Deltamethrin 2.8 EC @0.04 ml/kg and stored in jute canvas bags under ambient storage conditions. The observations were recorded at trimonthly interval on germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight, seed vigour index, field emergence and insect infestation. Results indicated that the highest germination, vigor parameters, field emergence with minimum insect infestation can be maintained through the treatment of deltamethrin 2.8 EC @ 0.04 ml/kg or spinosad @ 4.4 mg/kg stored in jute canvas bags under ambient conditions.

1 table, 12 ref

021261   Singh K;Manohar R S;Chaudhary K;Yadav A K; Singh M (Soil and Science and Agricultural Chemistry Dep, S. K. N. Agriculture Univ, Jobner-303 329, Email: saharankuldeepsingh@gmail.com) : Response of different sources and levels of phosphorus on yield, nutrient uptake and net returns on mungbean under rainfed condition. Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 19-23.

The result of the study indicated the application of phosphorus upto 40 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 recorded significantly higher number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, number of total and effective root nodules, test weight, seed and straw yield, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in seed and straw and their uptake, protein content in seed and net return as compared to absolute control and 20 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 but was at par with 60 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1.Application of different sources of phosphorus led to significant effect on seed yield. PROM(8.36)was significantly superior in increasing the seed yield by 17.74 and 12.21 per cent, respectively, as compared to DAP (7.10) and SSP (7.45). However, both DAP and SSP being at par with each other. Application of phosphorus @ 40 (7.98) and 60 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 (8.44) significantly increased the seed yield by 22.95 and 30.04 per cent, respectively as compared to 20 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 (6.49). However, both 40 and 60 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 were at par with each other in increasing seed yield. The highest net return (Rs. 14865) was obtained with application of 40 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 over absolute control and 20 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 and phosphorus fertilization with PROM (Phosphorus Rich Organic Manure) fetched the highest net return (Rs. 14736 ha^-1) which was significantly higher over DAP and SSP.

1 illus, 3 tables, 12 ref

021260   Singh A;Yadav A L;Singh A (Horticulture Dep, N.D. Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Faizabad-224 229, Email: abhisheksingh5590@gmail.com) : Effect of different sources of potassium on quality attributing characters of guava in rainy season crop. Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 52-3.

The present investigation was carried out at Main Experiment Station, Department of Horticulture, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Faizabad-224 229 (U.P.) during the year 2013-2014. The experiment was carried out on Uniform plants of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Lucknow 49. The experiment was conducted in Randomize block Design with 7 treatments and 3 replication considering two plants as a unit per treatment. The observations were conducted for chemical attributing characters of guava fruits. Observations recorded with respect to maximum Total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and total sugars with decrease fruit acidity was obtained with the foliar application of potassium sulphate @ 1.0%, followed by potassium nitrate @ 1.0%, while minimum value of all attributing characters with maximum fruit acidity was recorded under control.

1 table, 10 ref

021259   Shafeeq B;Athani S I;Kumbargire G A; Azharuddin S G;Subiya R K (Fruit Science Dep, Kittur Rani Chennamma College of Horticulture, Arabhavi, UHS-Bagalkot, Karnataka-591 218, Email: shafeeqfsc@gmail.com) : Floral biology studies in different seedling progenies of karonda (Carissa carandas). Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 39-41.

Karonda (Carissa carandas L.) is important dry land fruit crop exceedingly hardy shrub generally found in forest. The genus Carissa to which Karonda belongs includes 32 species out of which only eight are originated from India and according to Cooke (1904) Carissa is more useful amongest all. The existing population of this crop shows the variability in floral characters due to heterozygosity (Bhagwat, 1984; Joshi et al. 1986) and this offers great scope for crop improvement for this crop. The normally growing 15 progenies selected from Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture, Arabhavi (University of Horticulture Sciences, Bagalkot), Gokak taluk of Belgaum district, during 2011-2012. In the present investigation, the studies were taken with objectives to floral biology biology studies on seedling progenies of Karonda (Carissa carandas) which will helpful for further crop improvement in Karonda. The progeny ARB-4 was recorded the minimum days taken for bud initiation to flowering (15.77 days) and maximum number of sepals (5.17), stamens (5.13). The maximum style and stigma length (12.70 mm and 4.83 mm respectively) was observed in ARB-6. The maximum per cent anthesis was observed at 5.00 am which was ranged from 45.33 to 58.67. The maximum per cent pollen viability and germination (95.75 and 24.67% respectively) was noticed in ARB-4 and maximum pollen germination was observed in 5% of sucrose solution with 48 hours of incubation period at 28.5°C temperature on the basis this study were conducted.

4 tables, 12 ref

021258   Sasikala V;Veeramani T;Saravanakumar A; Balasubramanian T (Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai Univ, Parangipettai-608 502) : Studies on pollution and contamination in fishing harbor environment, Tamil Nadu, southeast coast of India. Int J latest Technol Engng Mgmt appl Sci 2017, 6(6), 6-17.

This study aimed to determining the pollution and contamination of fishing harbor environment. Temperature (3.12, 1.874, 1.04, 1.25°C), Salinity (2.05, 2.50, 2.49, 2.52 ppt.), pH (0.08, 0.10, 0.04, 0.06), Dissolved oxygen (0.56, 0.52, 0.53, 0.37 ml/l), Total Nitrogen (0.05, 0.11, 0.19, 0.07 μg/g), Total phosphorous (0.03, 0.03, 0.09, 0.06 μg/g), Total organic carbon (1.16, 0.26, 0.87, 0.63 mg/g); Soil texture viz. Sand (0.83, 0.99, 1.57, 2.28%), Silt (0.60, 1.26, 1.58, 1.44%), Clay (0.43, 0.47, 0.23, 1.36%); Heavy metals are Cadmium (5.86, 3.58, 5.67, 0.05 μg/g), Copper (10.39, 54.74, 56.81, 15.98 μg/g), Lead (8.63, 9.05, 7.58, 5.88 μg/g), Nickel (28.86, 34.20, 23.56, 5.48 μg/g), Zinc (44.18, 48.19, 57.16, 52.56 μg/g), Chromium (28.06, 55.25, 38.23, 12.55 μg/g), Mercury (20.61, 22.99, 12.50, 7.37 μg/g) at st.1,2,3,4 respectively. Benthic faunal density ranged between 602 and 2988 nos./m² with Shannon-Wiener - 385 - index (H') ranged 2.03 - 3.5, evenness (J') 0.79 - 0.98, richness (d') 1.24 - 6.49. According to these estimations point calimar (Station. 4) contains less pollution contamination than other stations; indicated by rich density and diversity of benthic fauna occurrence in this station.

8 illus, 4 tables, 42 ref

021257   Sarvesh Kumar;Srivastava K K;Vimal S C; Sarvjeet (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, N.D. Univ of Agriculture and Technology, Faizabad-224 229, Email: sarveshkumarseedtech90@gmail.com ) : Genetic variability for seed vigour and its contributing traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 46-8.

The experiment on sixty wheat (Triticum aestivum L) genotypes was carried out during 2013-14. Evaluation of eleven seed vigour traits viz, length of seed (mm), breadth of seed (mm), 1000-seed weight (g), seed germination (%), speed of germination (in lab), speed of germination (at field), field emergence (%), shoot length (cm), root length (cm), seedling length (cm) and vigour index. Highly significant differences were observed among the genotypes for all the seed vigour traits. The speed of germination (at field) showed the highest genotypic coefficient of variation followed by shoot length, vigour index and 1000-seed weight. A highest estimate of heritability and genetic advance was exerted by shoot length followed by vigour index, speed of germination-at field, 1000-seed weight, speed of germination-in lab, seedling length and root length. Heritability and genetic advance indicated that the additive nature of gene action and reliability of those characters for selection and emerged as ideal traits for improvement through selection.

3 tables, 11 ref

021256   Sandeep Kumar;Meena M L;Lal D;Rai T (Applied Plant Science (Horticulture) Dep, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Univ, Lucknow-226 025, Email: drmeena1977@gmail.com) : Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of onion (Allium cepa L.). Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 56-8.

A - 384 - field experiment was carried out in Randomized Block Design with three replications and eight treatments combinations including control. The combination of organic, inorganic and bio-fertilizer is giving good results. They have increased the height of plant, Number of leaves, Length of leaves, Polar diameter, Equatorial diameter, Neck thickness, Number of scales, Total soluble solids and ultimately Yield/ha (in quintal) in onion. The application of integrated nutrients viz inorganic, organic, FYM @ 15 tons/ha and bio-fertilizer T8 (NPK+ FYM + Azotobacter + Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria,) is suitable for commercial cultivation of onion under central U.P. condition.

1 table, 15 ref

021255   Sagade A B (NO, Jijamata College of Science and Arts, Bhende BK, Tal-Newasa, Dist. Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, Email: ashoksagade@rediffmail.com) : Study of effect of EMS, MMS and GR on yield contributing traits in urdbean, Vigna mungo. Flora Fauna 2017, 23(1), 115-18.

The study of the effect of three well known mutagens, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) and gamma rays (GR) on the yield contributing traits of the urdbean variety TPU-4 were carried out in the M₃ generation. Effect of selected mutagenic treatments/doses of EMS (0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 M), MMS (0.0025, 0.05 and 0.01 M) and (GR) (30, 40 and 50 KR) on different yield contributing traits like plant height, plant spread, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant and 100 seed weight were analyzed in the M₃ populations of the variety TPU-4. Seeds of M₂ plants and control were harvested separately and sown to raise M₃ population.. Genetic variabilty in the mutagen administered M₃ progeny of the urdbean variety TPU-4 was analyzed by employing statistical methods. Data on mean values and shift in the mean of seven quantitative traits was evaluated on individual plant basis. The experimental findings revealed that concentrations / dose of the all these mutagens showed inhibitory effect on plant height, number of pods per plant, pod length and number of seeds per pod. Lower concentrations of mutagens exerted a promotory effect on plant spread, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant while higher concentrations of these mutagens inhibited them to different extent.

1 table, 11 ref

021254   Rajan P;Khare N K;Singh S R K;Khan M A (NO, ICAR-Atari, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, Email: parvezrajan@gmail.com) : Impact assessment of KVK activities on income enhancement of tribal farmers. Flora Fauna 2017, 23(1), 45-52.

The KVK has excelled in bringing the modern technologies at the farmers doorstep with the help of various instructional aides. The KVK today has sufficient resources to impart training, skills and knowledge for not only the farmers but also to the rural youth. The present study was undertaken to assess the income generation of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of KVKs working in the tribal districts of Madhya Pradesh, India. The study was conducted with 300 tribal farmers randomly selected in 12 villages of Mandla, Dindori and Shahdol district, which were results showed that, tribal farmers were of comparatively middle age group, education up to high school, agriculture plus other as their occupation, medium annual income, medium landholdings, medium experience, high attitude towards technological demonstrations, high knowledge about KVK activities, high perception towards scientific agriculture, medium market orientation, high scientific orientation, high aspiration level, medium use of information sources and high training exposure. The income generation of tribal farmers was high.

3 tables, 5 ref

021253   Patil R A;Bharad S G;Sawant S N (Horticulture Dep, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Agricultural Univ, Akola, Maharashtra, Email: raghwendrapatil@gmail.com) : Profiling of guava genotypes grown in Vidarbha conditions on the basis of morphological traits. Flora Fauna 2017, 23(1), 37-44.

Assessment of genetic diversity in the available germplasm is the prerequisite for development of improved genotypes through planned breeding programmes. In the view of this Forty-eight genotypes of seedling origin guava along with 1 check (L-49/Sardar) collected and conserved at germplasm block, Main Garden, Department of Horticulture, Dr. P. D. A. University, Akola were evaluated for genetic variability and diversity based on the qualitative characteristics. The genotypes were evaluated for sixteen morphological traitsviz. tree, leaf, floral and fruit traits. Results Show considerable extent of variability amongst the 49 genotypes in each traits. A sizeable amount of intrapopulation diversity recorded can be used to identify diverse parents which can be utilized in - 383 - hybridization programmes.

1 illus, 1 table, 16 ref

021252   Patil B B;Merwade M N (Biotechnlogy and Crop Improvement Dep, College of Horticulture, Univ Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot-587 104, Email: bbpatil.sst@gmail.com) : Effect of cutting management on seed yield, dry fodder yield and seed quality of multicut fodder sorghum. Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 81-3.

Field investigation was carried out to find out the effect of number of cuttings on seed yield and quality parameters of multicut fodder sorghum cv. CoFS-29 at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during 2012-13. The experiment was laid out in the Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications, comprising of five cutting management practices viz., uncut (control) crop, one cut crop, two cuts crop, three cuts crop and four cuts crop. The results showed that with increasing frequency of cuttings from zero to four cuttings, the seed yield and quality parameters have been reduced drastically. Among the five cuttings, the uncut crop has produced significantly the maximum number of productive tillers per plant (9.95), panicle length (42.48 cm), dry fodder yield per hectare at harvest (88.89 q ha^-1), seed yield per hectare (576.4 kg), 1000 seed weight (6.08 g), seed germination (70.00), seedling length (28.15 cm), seedling vigour index (1971) and seedling dry weight (47 mg seedlings-10) and the least EC value (0.225 dSm^-1) followed by the one and two cuts crops. On the contrary, all these seed yield attributing and quality parameters were minimum in the four cuts crop. Thus, it is concluded that cutting of the crop at vegetative stage for fodder purpose is not advisable for seed production of multicut fodder sorghum since the uncut (no cutting) crop has recorded significantly higher seed yield and quality attributing components as against the four cuts crop. The next higher seed and fodder yields with comparable quality parameters could be obtained from the one cut crop.

4 tables, 19 ref

021251   Nyaupane S;Pokharel B B;Acharya M P (NO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Baitadi, Nepal, Email: bbpvet@gmail.com) : Study to estimate longevity of thermostable newcastle disese vaccine (strain I-2) in village chickens of Nepal. Adv Life Sci 2016, 6(2), 45-8.

This study was conducted to estimate the longevity of thermostable Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine (strain I-2) in village chickens of Nepal. A total of 56 (27 day old) chicks were allocated randomly into 2 groups (treatment and control) with 28 birds in each group. On day 28, thermostable ND vaccine (strain I-2) was administered to the treatment group only. Blood samples were collected from experimental birds at 1 day prior to vaccination and 14, 21, 30, 60, 90, 105 and 120 days after vaccination. The serum obtained was titrated for NDV antibody using haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. The log₂ HI antibody titre level in vaccinated birds at 14, 21, 30, 60 and 90 days after vaccination were higher (P<60>0.05) compared to antibody titre level at 1 day before vaccination and control group. The log₂ antibody titre at 14, 21, 30, 60 and 90 days after vaccination was higher than log₂ HI titre level of = 3 necessary to be protective against ND. There was no difference (P<62>0.05) in the antibody - 382 - titre level in vaccinated birds at 1 day before vaccination and 105 days after vaccination suggesting that booster dose is required after 90 days of primary vaccination. Thus, thermostable ND vaccine (strain I-2) produced specific immunity against ND for at least 90 days after vaccination in village chickens of Nepal and may be considered suitable in Nepalese condition where cold chain maintenance is a huge challenge especially in rural area.

1 illus, 1 table, 15 ref

021250   Nimit Kumar;Paul S;Dhial R S (Crop Improvement Dep, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, Email: nk.kakran@gmail.com) : Study on genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for agro-morphological traits of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.). Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 16-18.

Twelve hybrids along with their seven parents were subjected to study the genetic variability indicated that genetic material in the present investigation possessed variability which provides sufficient basis for selection by breeder. High estimates of PCV and GCV were obtained for biological yield per plant and seed yield per plant indicated a good deal of variability in those characters signifying the effectiveness of selection of desirable types for improvement. High heritability was observed for all the traits indicated that the characters under study are less influenced by environment in their expression. All the traits under study showed low genetic advance ranging from 1.68 to 2.05. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percentage of mean (GAM) were observed for straw yield per plant, seed yield per plant and 1000 seed weight, indicating predominance of additive gene action for these characters. Hence, simple selection based on phenotypic performance of these characters would be more effective.

2 tables, 21 ref

021249   Nawalkar D P;Ban Y G;Kamble H N;Kumar V (Main Cotton Research Station, Surat, Navsari Agricultural Univ, Navsari-396 450, Email: dineshnawalkar@gmail.com) : Effect of ethylene and maleic hydrazide on biochemical parameters and yield of Bt cotton. Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 31-4.

A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive years of 2011-12 and 2012-13 at Main Cotton Research Station, N.A.U., Surat, Gujarat (India) to study the effect of ethylene and maleic hydrazide - 381 - on biochemical parameters and seed cotton yield of Bt cotton hybrids. The application of ethylene @ 45 ppm at squaring stage with maleic hydrazide (MH) @ 500 ppm at 85 DAS significantly increased chlorophyll content, reducing sugars, stalk yield (441.8 g plant^-1) and seed cotton yield (183.5 g plant^-1). However, the application of ethylene @ 45 ppm alone squaring stage gave significantly higher reducing sugars and seed cotton yield at 150 and 140 DAS over untreated control. MH application alone also recorded higher chlorophyll, reducing sugars at late stage, biomass and seed cotton yield. Amongst the hybrids, Vikram 5 (BG-II) had highest chlorophyll content, reducing sugars, stalk yield (446.7 g plant^-1) and seed cotton yield (175.0 g plant^-1).

4 tables, 16 ref

021248   Nathawat B D S;Sharma O P;Virendra Kumar (Plant Pathology Div, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura, (S.K.N.A. Univ, Jobner, Jaipur-302 018, Email: dsnathawat@gmail.com) : Effect of different media, temperature and hydrogen-ion on the growth and sporulation of Fusarium oxysporum F. SP. Ciceri causing chickpea. Flora Fauna 2017, 23(1), 63-8.

An experiment was conducted at division of Plant Pathology, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura, Jaipur (S.K.N.A.U, Jobner). In vitro studies were conducted to know the effect of different solid and liquid media, temperature and hydrogen-ion concentrations on sporulation and growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri. The fungus grew the best on Potato Dextrose Agar media (90.00 mm) after 7 days of incubation at 25 ± 1°C and significantly superior in comparison to other media tested. Among the different liquid media tested, maximum dry mycelium weight was recorded in Potato Dextrose Broth (472.75 mg) superior to all other liquid media tested. The most suitable pH level and temperature for growth of fungus was 6.0 (90.00 mm) and growth of F. oxysporum was maximum at 30°C.

5 tables, 15 ref

021247   Meena M;Sagarka B K;Das T;Poonia T C (Agronomy Dep, Junagadh Agricultural Univ, Junagadh-362 001, Email: mmeena187@gmail.com) : Effect of drip irrigation and nitrogen levels on growth parameters and yield of drilled rabi fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) in Saurashtra region of Gujarat. Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 97-9.

An experiment was conducted at instructional farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during rabi seasons of 2012-13 and 2013-14 to evaluate methods of irrigation (drip irrigation at 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 PEF and surface method) and levels of nitrogen (0, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha^-1) in rabi fennel. The results revealed that the drip irrigation at 1.0 PEF along with 120 kg N ha^-1) significantly improved growth and yield attributes viz., plant height, dry matter accumulation, days to flowering, branches plant^-1, umbels plant^-1, umbellate umbel^-1 and test weight and thereby increased seed and stalk yields along with higher net returns over lower level of drip irrigation (0.6 PEF).

3 tables, 15 ref

021246   Mallimar M;Surendra P;Hanamaratti N G;Jogi M; Sathisha T N;Hundekar R (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, Univ of Agricultural Science College, Dharwad-580 005, Email: maddeshm@gmail.com) : Genetic variability for yield and yield attributing traits in F3 generation of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 24-8.

The investigation was carried out in the segregating population of two rice cross combinations viz., Swarna x Ranbir basmati and Swarna x BR2655. The results revealed that the appreciable genetic variability for grain iron and zinc content along with other biometrical traits. Moderate to high variability was observed for grains per panicle, grain length, L/B ratio, in Cross 1 and Cross 2 for plant height, grains per panicle, in F3 generation. Hence, these traits need one or more generations in order to attain homozygosity. The existence of comparatively moderate variability for these traits, which could be exploited for improvement of the traits through selection in advanced generations. The high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variability were observed for panicle weight, grain yield kg per ha, in Cross 1(Swarna x Ranbir basmati) and Cross 2 (Swarna x BR2655) for number of panicles per plant, panicle weight, grain yield. It indicates high - 380 - variability among the lines. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean were recorded for plant height, number of panicle per plant, panicle weight, number of grains per panicle, L/B ratio, grain yield kg per ha in Cross 1(Swarna x Ranbir basmati) and Cross 2(Swarna x BR2655) for number of panicle per plant, panicle weight, number of grains per panicle, grain yield kg per ha. This indicates scope of selection in the population, since there is a wide range of variation and additive gene action.

2 tables, 53 ref

021245   Krishna Kumar;Meena M L;Lal D;Singh M;Meena J K (Applied Plant Science (Horticulture) Dep, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Univ, Lucknow-226 025, Email: deepalal055@gmail.com) : Impact of different levels of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of garlic (Allium sativum L.). Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 8-10.

The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and eight treatments. It was recorded that the maximum plant height (31.32cm, 43.75cm, 72.26cm), number of leaves per plant (4.78, 5.62, 6.89), diameter of stem (5.05cm, 6.89 cm and 16.77cm), Leaf length of garlic (18.07 cm, 30.95 cm, 42.71 cm) and leaf width of garlic (0.54 cm, 0.96 cm, 1.75 cm) at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing was found with the treatment T₃ (60 kg N+40 kg P₂O₅ +60 kg K₂O+20 tones vermicompost/ha), and diameter of bulb (5.32 cm), Weight of bulb (32.88 g), Cloves per bulb (40.12 cloves), Weight of 50 cloves (45.44g) and Yield 328.83 q/ha) with the treatment T₃, was found at the time of harvest.

3 tables, 15 ref

021244   Khehra S;Rattanpal H S;Gill M S (NO, Punjab Agricultural Univ, FASS, Tarn Taran-143 401, Email: savreetkhehra@pau.edu ) : Influence of integrated nutrient management under high density plantation in kinnow mandarin. Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 69-71.

Nutrient management and planting density have become an important consideration in kinnow management. Kinnow planting and nutrition should zbe planned so that biological and management aspects are interrelated to maximize economic returns. Keeping this in view, the study was initiated to find out the appropriate spacing and nutrition level for Kinnow in arid irrigated region of Bathinda. The effect of tree spacing and nutrition on - 379 - vegetative performance and yield of 6 years old kinnow mandarins raised on rough lemon rootstocks were studied at Regional Research Station, Bathinda during the year 2012-13. Plants were grown at three different spacing viz. S₁ (6x6m), S₂ (6x5m) and S₃ (6x4m) and given three different levels of nutrition viz. L₁ (75% inorganic + 25% FYM), L₂ (50% inorganic + 50% green manure) and L₃ (100% inorganic only). Maximum plant height was observed under spacing S₃ (3.24 m) and nutrient level L₁ (3.21 m), however, maximum spread (E-W) was noted under S₂ and L₂ and spread (N-S) under S₁ and L₃. Maximum number of fruits per plant (161.66) was counted in L₃ and S₂ (155), whereas maximum average fruit weight was weighed in L₂ (150.80 g) and S₁ (145.19). Maximum fruit yield (22.26 Kg/plant) was observed in L₃ and S₂ (22.40 Kg/plant). Fruit quality in terms of juice and TSS was not affected by any of the spacing and nutrient levels. However, maximum acidity was recorded in L₃.

1 table, 14 ref

021243   Khalid M;Yadav M P;Singh A;Yadav B K (Horticulture Dep, Janta College, Bakewar, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, Email: khalidshaikh0786@gmail.com) : Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth attributing characters of radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 89-90.

The experiment was carried out in the field of the Department of Horticulture, Janta College, Bakewar, Etawah (U.P.) during Rabi season of the year 2013-14. The layout of experimental field was laid down in Randomized Block Design with 9 treatments. These treatments randomized in three time replications with total number of 27 plots. The observations were recorded for growth attributing characters of radsh. Observations gathered with respect to increased over the height (66.02 cm) of plant, number of leaves (13.47) per plant, length of leaves (41.39 cm), width of leaves (12.98 cm), leaves size (537.89 cm²) and fresh weight of leaves/plant (146.07 g) was obtained with the treatment T₈- NPK + FYM + PSB (80:60:60 kg/ha) + (10t/ha) + (5kg/ha) while, minimum values was obtained to control.

1 table, 9 ref

021242   Khalid M;Yadav M P;Singh A (Horticulture Dep, Janta College, Bakewar, Etawah, Email: khalidshaikh0786@gmail.com) : Effect of integrated nutrient management on yield attributing characters of radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 129-30.

The experiment was carried out in the field of the Department of Horticulture, Janta College, Bakewar, Etawah (U.P.) during Rabi season of the year 2013-14. The layout of experimental field was laid down in Randomized Block Design with 9 treatments. These treatments randomized in three replications with total number of 27 plots. The observations were recorded for yield attributing characters of radish. Observations gathered with respect to increased over the length of roots (34.12 cm), diameter of root (3.43 cm), fresh weight of root (193.03 g), yield per plot of radish (5.06 kg) and root yield of radish (843.43 q/ha) was obtained with the treatment T₈- NPK + FYM + PSB (80:60:60 kg/ha) + (10t/ha) + (5kg/ha). Statistical analysis revealed that treatment T₉- NPK + FYM + Azotobacter +PSB (80:60:60 kg/ha) + (10t/ha) + (5kg/ha) + (5kg/ha) have increases the leaf: root length ratio (1.76) and treatment T₆- NPK + FYM (80:60:60 kg/ha + 10t/ha) have increases the leaf: root weight ratio (1.86) which is significantly higher over the rest of treatments. However, minimum values were obtained to control.

1 table, 10 ref

021241   Kamble S M;Hebbara M;Manjunatha M V;Dasog G S;Veerendra Patel G M (Environmental Science Dep, Univ of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005, Email: hebbara62@gmail.com) : Long-term effect of bio-methanated spentwash irrigation on soil organic carbon and nutrient status in a vertisol. Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 35-8.

A field experiment was conducted at the Ugar Sugar Factory premises, Ugar-Khurd, Belgaum district to study the effect of long-term application of bio-methanated spentwash on nutrient status under Northern Dry Zone (Zone-III) of Karnataka. The data on soil organic carbon, available major (N, P₂O₅ and K₂O) and micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu) showed progressive increase in all the parameters due to continuous spentwash irrigation for varied periods of time. The status of organic carbon and available nutrients was maximum in the - 378 - treatment that received spentwash for <62> 20 years, while lower status was observed in control treatment.

4 tables, 10 ref

021240   Kamble S K M;Hebbara M;Manjunatha M V;Dasog G S;Veerendra Patel G M (Environmental Science Dep, UAS, Dharwad-580 005, Email: hebbara62@gmail.com) : Influence of long-term irrigation with bio-methanated spentwash on physical and biological properties in a vertisol. Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 1-3.

A field experiment was conducted at the Ugar Sugar Factory premises, Ugar-Khurd, Belgaum district to study the effect of long-term spentwash irrigation on physical and biological properties in a Vertisol under Northern Dry Zone (Zone-III) of Karnataka. The long-term spentwash irrigation for <62>20 years reduced bulk density (1.43 to 1.22 Mg m^-3), dispersion index (8.09 to 7.84) and erosion index (4.15 to 3.93) of the surface soil. The other physical properties like maximum water holding capacity (74.46%), per cent water stable aggregates (66.16) and infiltration rate (0.79 cm hr^-1) was higher in the treatment where spentwash was applied for <62>20 years. Application of spentwash increased the population of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the soil over control. The highest bacterial population (10.21 cfu x 10⁶) was noticed in treatment that received spentwash for 5 to 10 years of surface soil. The highest fungi population (14.56 cfu x 10⁴) was recorded in the treatment that was irrigated with spentwash for <62> 20 years. In general, bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes population decreased with depth in all the treatments.

4 tables, 16 ref

021239   Jeewesh Kumar;Singh R;Singh S;Soni M K (Entomology Dep, Chandra Shekhar Azad Univ of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur-208 002, Email: singhjeewesh@gmail.com) : Yield loss-infestation relationship and assessment of economic injury level of brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis. Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 13-15.

Studies on yield loss-infestation relationship and assessment of economic injury level of brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis, were steered at Insectary, Department of Entomology, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, U.P. during rainy season 2009 and summer season 2010. The apparent losses of shoot and fruit borer on fruit were noticed 19.85 per cent in rainy and 17.22 per cent in summer season while 10.06 and 4.08 per cent were latent losses in respective season, which made total losses to the tune of 29.92 and 21.30 per cent as avoidable losses and 0.75 and 0.84 per cent were unavoidable losses in rainy and summer seasons, respectively. The economic injury level (EIL) of shoot and fruit borer was determined as 0.84 and 0.79 on shoots and 0.94 and 0.82 per cent on fruits, during respective seasons on brinjal. The general equilibrium position (GEP) of shoot and fruit borer was found 35.83 and 19.33 per cent on shoots and 28.33 and 24.33 per cent on fruits in respective seasons which is very high in comparison to its EIL in each seasons.

5 tables, 14 ref

021238   Jayasheela D S;Sreekala G S;Mini C; Jayachandran Nair C S;Meenakumari K S (Post Harvest Technology Dep, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticulture Research, Hessaraghatta, Bengaluru, Email: jayasheelads816@gmail.com) : Postharvest management of papaya. Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 120-3.

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a delicious fruit widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas.India is first among papaya producing countries in the world producing around 5.2 million tons of papaya during 2012-2013. Papaya fruits are highly perishable in nature and postharvest losses of up to 75% have been reported to Hawaii shippers by mainland USA wholesalers and retailers.The present investigation was under taken at the Department of Processing Technology, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, during 2012-2014, with the objective to standardize postharvest practices for improved shelf life.The fruits harvested at 1/4 maturity stage and were sanitized with hot water at 50°C for 20 minutes and warm sodium hypochlorite 150 ppm for 10 minutes. The fruits were sanitized and waxed and kept in corrugated fibre board boxes with ethylene absorbent potassium permanganate and kept under ambient temperature were studied. Fruits treated with hot water at 50°C for 20 minutes with waxing and with ethylene absorbent recorded highest shelf life of 11 days. Potassium permanganate reduces the autocatalytic process of ethylene during ripening and hence delayed the ripening process. In the present experiment all the treatments with waxing resulted in less mechanical damage suggests that waxing might have resulted in reducing the severity of bruises in the skin during transport.

1 illus, 1 table, 32 ref

021237   Jakhar P;Yogesh Kumar;Ombir;Janu A (Entomology Dep, CCS HAU, Hisar-125 004, Email: pritishjakhar23@gmail.com ) : Diversity, abundance and pollination efficiency of honey bees on Raphanus sativus L. at Hisar, Haryana (India). Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 59-62.

Radish, (Raphanus sativus L.) var. Punjab Safed was planted to study the insect pollinator's diversity, abundance and their pollination efficiency, at the Vegetable Sciences Research Farm, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India. Observations of most frequent pollinators - 376 - were taken throughout the blooming period of the crop during March 2011. The hymenopterans were the major floral visitors, comprising of ten species from three families viz., Apidae, Vespidae and Scoliidae, followed by dipterans (three species from one family) viz., Syrphidae, lepidopterans (five species from four families) viz., Pieridae, Nymphalidae, Papilionidae and Arctiidae. Among these, A. florea, A. mellifera, A. dorsata and A. cerana were found to be the most frequent visitors. The abundance of A. mellifera was highest (6.8 bees/m2/5 minutes) followed by A. florea (5.1 bees/m2/5 minutes), A. dorsata (3.5 bees/m2/5 minutes) and A. cerana (1.4 bees/m2/5 minutes). Irrespective of species, the bee population was highest at 1100-1300 h of the day. A. cerana and A. florea had highest and lowest foraging rate 10.3 and 8.9 flowers/minute, irrespective of day hours, whereas (irrespective of species) foraging rate during 0900-1100h was observed highest 14.5 flowers/minute. A. cerana had highest foraging speed 7.5 seconds/flower and A. mellifera (8.4 seconds/flower) had least, irrespective of day hours whereas (irrespective of species) foraging speed during 1500-1700h was observed highest 14.8 seconds spent per flower. Based on pollination index (Number of loose pollen grains sticking on the body of bee x abundance), A. mellifera was found to be the most efficient pollinator of radish flowers followed by A. dorsata A. florea and A. cerana under agro-ecological conditions of Hisar, (India).

5 tables, 19 ref

021236   Halli H M;geetha K N;Shankar A G (Agronomy Dep, UAS, GKVK, Bangalore-560 065, Email: hmhalli4700@gmail.com) : Growth indices of sunflower (Helianthus anuus L.) as influenced by different methods of micronutrients application in combination with bio-fertilizers and pesticide. Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 116-19.

The study was undertaken to study the influence of micronutrients (Zn and B), bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter and PSB) and pesticide (Imidacloprid) in sunflower. The experiment consists of fifteen treatments laid out in Randomised Complete Block Design with three replications. Treatments include application of micronutrients through different methods like seed treatment, soil application and foliar application in combination with bio-fertilizers and pesticide as individual applications and in combinations along with RDF (90:90:60 kg NPK ha^-1). The experimental results revealed that, seed treatment with micronutrients, bio-fertilizers and pesticide interacted positively in combined application compared to individual application. Different growth indices like LAD, AGR, CGR, RGR and NAR are significantly influenced by these methods at varied rate. Seed treatment with ZnSO₄, borax and bio-fertilizers triggered the early plant growth. Hence recorded higher seed yield (2186 kg ha^-1) compared to RDF alone (1895 kg ha^-1). Seed treatment acts as feasible alternate tool for farmers to improve the early growth of sunflower (KBSH-53) crop and seed yield.

1 illus, 3 tables, 17 ref

021235   Gupta P;Vidhur Kumar (Horticulture Dep, Allahabad School of Agriculture, S.H.I.A.T.S., Allahabad-211 007, Email: gpratima41@gmail.com) : Effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of strawberry (Fragaria ananasa). Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 95-6.

The experiment consisting 12 treatment with 3 replication was conducted in field plot with Randomized Block Design. The growth parameter viz., Plant height, plant spread, number of leaf/plant and petiole length. Different organic manures and bio-fertilizer viz., FYM poultry manure, Sheep manure, Azotobacter, phosphobacter, vermicompost are taken for the better growth and yield of strawberry. It was calculate that T₂ Azotobacter 5 kg ha^-1 + Phosphobacter 5 kg ha^-1 + FYM 25 t ha^-1 is the best for plant height, plant spread, no. of leaf/plant and petiole length etc. and for maximum yield and more profit.

1 table, 12 ref

021234   Gupta A;Tewari R;Meena S L (Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Bundelkhand Univ, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, Email: g.astha5@gmail.com) : Effect of soil media and depth of seed sowing on seed germination and seedling growth of bahera, Terminala bellerica. Flora Fauna 2017, 23(1), 53-62.

The study was conducted at National Research Centre for Agroforestry, Jhansi (U.P.) India. Fresh seeds of Bahera were sun dried, depulped and subjected to three soil media [Red soil+FYM (1:1), Black soil+FYM (1:1) and Red+Black soil+FYM(1:1:1)] and three sowing depths (2.0, 3.0 and 4.0cm) for seed germination in April month. Results indicated that maximum seed germination (94%) was obtained in Red soil + FYM mediaat 2.0cm sowing depth. This treatment recorded quickest initiation and completion of germination(11and 21 days respectively). Seedling growth in terms of plant height, collar diameter and canopy spread and number of leaves was maximum under Red - 375 - soil+FYM and minimum under Black soil+FYM. In general, plant growth reduced with increase in depth of sowing. However, the differences among various treatments were largely non-significant. Total biomass air dry ranged between 10.52 to 13.90g/plant across the treatments at 6 months stage.

3 illus, 3 tables, 9 ref

021233   Gomathinayagam S;Tewari B B;Rekha G (Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Guyana Univ, Berbice Campus, Tain, Guyana, Email: directorgbc@uog.edu.gy) : Heavy metal and phytochemical studies of crude leaf extract of tamarind (Tamarindus indica). Adv Life Sci 2017, 7(1), 1-4.

Plants have served humankind as sources of medicinal agents since its earliest beginnings. In fact, natural products once served as the source of all the drugs. Tamarind (Tamarindus indicaL) is a leguminous tree in the family Fabaceae indigenous to tropical Africa. The genus Tamarindus is a monotypic taxon, having only a single species. The tamarind tree produces edible, pod-like fruit which is used extensively in cuisines around the world. Other uses include traditional medicine and metal polish. The wood can be used in carpentry. Because of the tamarind's many uses, cultivation has spread around the world in tropical and subtropical zones [1].Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) is a multipurpose tropical tree used primarily because its fruits and leaves have eatable properties. Both parts of the plant have also medicinal uses, but in the specific case of the leaves, little information about their chemical composition is available. In this paper, we explore the tamarind leaves' composition of dry crude leaf matter to subject to heavy metals, NPK and phytochemical analysis by standard methods. Crude leaves matter employing Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), and total Kjeldahl digests by UV-VIS spectrophotometry and K analysis was done in Kjeldal digests by Flame photometry method. Results confirm the production of essential oils, free and conjugated fatty acids, flavonoids, and other compounds, but also indicated the presence of seven heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn, Fe, Ca, and Mg) and N.P.K. compounds for this part of the plants.

3 tables, 26 ref

021232   Gaikwad U S;Pawar A B;Kadlag A D (National agricultural Research Project, Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Solapur, Maharashtra, Email: ulhasgaikwad7@gmail.com) : Nutritional status of fodder tree leaves and shrubs of scarcity zone of Maharashtra. Adv Life Sci 2017, 7(1), 11-14.

The intent of this experiment was to figure out the nutritive value of fodder tree leaves and shrubs of dryland area in Solapur district, Maharashtra. The climate of this region is characterized by a relatively low annual rainfall (594.8 mm) and it varies from 594.8 to - 374 - 655.6 mm from year to year. Temperature during winter is 22.5°C and summer 40.1°C. The average annual total evaporation is 2817.7 mm. Leaves of fodder trees and shrubs were selected and analyzed for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ash, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicelluloses and proximate composition. The mean per cent values for DM, CF, CP, NDF, ADF, and hemicelluloses were 32.66, 22.60, 4.79, 55.75, 47.97 and 7.81 per cent respectively. The average per cent of ash, calcium and phosphorus in fodder tree leaves and shrubs were 8.28, 2.18 and 0.235 respectively. Where, iron, zinc and manganese were 3419, 51 and 252 μg g^-1 respectively.

2 tables, 5 ref

021231   Fatehpuria P K;Sasode R S;Chobe D R;Gupta V; Singh R (Plant Pathology Dep, Rajmata Vijayeraje Scindia Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Gwalior-474 002, Email: pramodfatehpuria@gmail.com) : Field evaluation of Brassica germplasm/varieties against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum under inoculated condition. Flora Fauna 2017, 23(1), 87-9.

Indian mustard, Brassica juncea belong to Brassicaceae and Centre of origin Mideterian. Sclerotinia stem rot/ blight caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the most important fungal diseases in rapeseed and other crops in the world. The present study was undertaken to access the forty seven germplasm/varieties to find out the resistance against S. sclerotiorum under inoculated condition. The reaction of forty-seven germplasm was evaluated in randomized complete block design with thrice replications at the experimental field, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Gwalior during Rabi season 2014-15 and laboratory work was done in the Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Gwalior (M.P.). Observations for severity of stem rot on main stem were recorded after 120 days of sowing using 0 - 4 scale. (Assessment scale 0-4 where 0 = no disease (resistance), 1 = less than half stem girdled (moderate resistance), 2 = more than half stem girdled (susceptible), 3 = whole stem girdled (moderate susceptible), 4 = plant dead (highly suscepitble). Forty-seven germplasm/varieties were evaluated for their reaction against Sclerotinia blight (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum). Out of forty seven germplasm / varieties, tested two Cultivar SBG-14-5 and SBG-14- 6 gave highly resistance reactions, while twenty six varieties are found resistant SBG-14-2, SBG-14-3, SBG-14-4, SBG-14-7, SBG-14-8, SBG-14-9, SBG-14-10, SBG-14-11, SBG-14-13, SBG14-15, SBG-14-17, SBG-14-18, SBG-14-23, SBG-14-27, SBG-14-28, SBG-14-30, SBG-14-31, SBG-14-32, SBG-14-33, SBG-14-34, SBG-14-35, SBG-14-36, SBG- 14-41, SBG-14-42, NDNSR-14-76, NDNSR-14-77, twelve varieties are found susceptible SBG-14-1, SBG-14-12, SBG- 14-14, SBG-14-16, SBG-14-21, SBG-14-22, SBG-14-24, SBG-14-26, SBG-14-29, SBG-14-37, SBG-14-39, SBG-14-40 and seven varieties SBG-14-19, SBG-14-20, SBG-14-25, SBG-14-38, Varuna, Rohini and BIOYSR were found highly susceptible against Sclerotinia blight (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum).

1 table, 5 ref

021230   Emran S E;Divya B;Ganeshaiah K N;Chaudhari G N (NO, Univ of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, Email: emran50000@gmail.com) : Pollination efficiency and reproductive biology of fig (Ficus racemosa). Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 124-8.

Figs (Ficus) and fig-pollinator-wasps (Agaonidae) are highly coevolved mutualists that depend completely on each other for continued reproduction. In this study these pollination phases of monoecious species- F. racemosa was studied in three different seasons' viz., winter, summer and rainy. Alongside this, the efficiency of pollination was also studied. In general, mean syconia size is high in summer season followed by rainy and winter season. t-test indicated that while the syconia sizes differ significantly between rainy and winter.In rainy and summer seasons foundress wasps started entering in to syconia after 8 and 12 days respectively; it stabilized on 16th day in summer season and on 20th day after synconial development in rainy season. Number of foundress wasps was higher in general in summer (8.22) followed by - 373 - rainy (4.17) and winter 2.89; these differences were also evident in the frequency distribution of number of foundress wasps in three seasons. Accordingly the four stages viz., A, B, C and D also differed among seasons. Differences among seasons were more pronounced. Pollination efficiency as evident by the number of wasps entering the syconia, was higher in summer followed by rainy and winter season. Similarly the pollination efficiency measured as the number of wasps and seeds emerging, also showed a similar trend- summer being the best and least efficient during winter.

10 illus, 3 tables, 7 ref

021229   Dwivedi D K;Jaydev Kumar;Singh L;Singh S K (Genetics and Plant Breeding Dep, C.S. Azad Univ of Agric. and Tech., Kanpur-208 002, Email: jadev.140@rediffmail.com) : Genetic diversity of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids. Res Envir Life Sci 2016, 9(1), 49-51.

The present study was under taken to find out the genetic diversity of various maize genotypes for ten metric traits. Ten parental lines, three testers and their 30F1s were evaluated in a randomized block design in order to identify genetic divergence on the basis of non-hierarchical euclidean cluster analysis in maize (Zea mays L.). All the genotypes were grouped into seven clusters revealing the presence of considerable amount of genetic diversity in the material for different traits. According to results, cluster II, VI and VII each had the maximum nine genotypes. Cluster I and V had minimum genotypes withfive and two genotypes, respectively. The highest intra-cluster distance value was found for cluster III (127.613) followed by cluster VII (68.551) and lowest intra-cluster distance was found in cluster V (11.517). The maximum inter-cluster distance was recorded between cluster III and VI (1945.319) followed by cluster III and VII (1279.354) whereas, minimum inter-cluster distance was observed between clusters I and II (91.049). Based on results, genotypes grouped into different clusters showed more valuable heterotic pool that could be utilized in crossing the genotypes selected from those cluster which have maximum inter-cluster and intra-cluster distance in developing the desirable segregants.

4 tables, 10 ref

021228   Deswal S;Malik T P;Tehlan S K;Yadav P (Vegetable Science Dep, Chaudary Charan Singh Harayana Agricultural Univ, Hisar-125 004, Email: deswal.sumit07@gmail.com) : Phenotypic characterization of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) germplasm. Flora Fauna 2017, 23(1), 20-4.

An experiment was conducted with sixty genotypes of fennel for phenotypic characterization of different vegetative characters such - 372 - as plant height, branches per plant, primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant, umbels per plant, umbellate per plant, seeds per umbellate, seeds per umbel and seed yield. Variability observed for quantitative traits showed high range variation for plant height, umbels per plant, umbellate per plant, seeds per umbellate, seeds per umbel and seed yield. Characterization of germplasm based on morphological parameters signifies the extent of variability present in the population and also provides needful information for selection of desirable genotypes for varietal development and also genotypes which can be conserved for unique traits. The identification keys based on morphological characters are very useful for identification of genotypes and have a pivotal role to identify genotypes in the field without any use of costly chemicals and are fairly comparable with their results.

2 illus, 1 table, 8 ref