020232   Pannerselvam M;Prathap P (NO, , C.I.T., Coimbatore) : Future technologies of waste water treatment - a few innovative technologies. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 141.

Explored the future technologies of effective wastwater treatments like sonication, photocatalytic oxidation and super critical oxidation. These processes are 99% effetive in removing the organic waste thus avoiding water pollution. These innovative technologies are as dealt.

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020231   Palaniappan M;Prakash B G;Ruban C G (Department of Chemical Engineering, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai-600 019) : Bioaugmentation of wastewater treatment processes. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 140.

Aim is to optimize the effectiveness of biological wastewater treatment processes. This approach consists in adding a mixture of specific miro-organisms and growth factors directly to the wastewater treatment system. Bioaugumentation improves the performance of the treatment system to which it is applied, leading to significant and rapid odour reduction. It also reduces process startup time and favours biodegradation of substances otherwise difficult to biodegrade, reduction of the quantity of biological sludges produced and clarification of the water treated. Bioaugmentation of water treatment processes can be applied in the following contexts : activated sludge treatment systems; biological treatment ponds; sequential biological reactors; secondary treatment of various industrial effluents, such as from the paper agro-food sectors; biological filtration systems. Describes from the basic science of bioaugmentation process to its advanced application to waste water treatment processes. The performance, application limits, operation and costs are critically reviewed.

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020230   Pai B C;Pillai R M;Satyanarayana K G; Sukumaran K;Pillai U T S;Pillai S G K;Ravikumar K K (Metals Processing Division, Regional Research Laboratory, Thiruvananthapuram-695 019) : Discontinuously reinforced aluminium alloy matrix composites. Metals Mater Process 2001, 13(2-4), 255-78.

Discontinuously reinforced Al metal matrix composites have become a reality today and are considered as a potential engineering material for various applications. Development of least expensive synthesizing route, namely stir casting and indentification of cheper discontinous dispersoids are the main factors for the above. This includes understanding the basic parameters such as the surface treatment given to the reinforcement, impeller design and configuration, and role of alloying elements additon to the matrix, casting and secondary processing of the composites and corrlelating the process parameters with the structure and the properties with the special reference to the Al-graphite, Al-silicon carbide and Al-short fibres carbon systems. The components developed with these composites and their performance evaluation are also highlighted.

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020229   Padmini M V;Sapna D;Sinha R (Department of Chemical Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhpatnam-530 003) : Effects of surfactant on mass transfer in perforated plate extraction tower. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 159.

Effect of the presence of a surfactant, Teepol, on Mass Transfer of Salicyclic Acid from a dispersed kerosene phase to a continuous water phase have been studied. The equivalent drop diameters of the rising kerosene phase were calculated corresponding to the changes in the flow rates of the two phases. Various correlations have been used to determine theoretical velocities corresponding to the condition of the study and they have been compared with the experimental ones. A significant increase in the mass transfer coefficient of the continuous phase, due to the presence of the surfactant, was noticed. The results have been expressed in terms of several dimensionless numbers such as Sherwood, Galileo, Reynolds, Gravity and P-numbers and effective correlations have been suggested which represent the data well within the ranges of study. Graphical representations have been shown where necessary for clear illustrations.

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020228   Owuor R O;Siddhu A;Sundararaj P (Department of Food Technology, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, Nagpur-440 010) : Suitability of edible grade crude palm oil as a deep-fat frying medium. Indian J Nutr Diet 2002, 39(4), 173-81.

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020227   Niharika;Phanindra Kumar K V S (Chemical Engineering,C.B.I.T, , Hyderabad) : Solid-liquid equilibria - its application for decontamination of industrial effluents. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 139.

In recent years there has been a tremendous increase in the production of organic chemicals to satisfy our demand for consumer goods as well as valuable heavy metlas. This has resulted in the generation of various organic and inorganic wastes. Also in any process industry, the manufacturing of any product involves a series of unit operations. The economy of the manufacturing process depends on how best each unit operation or process works. Separation process is one of the most important and energy consuming. So, to a last extent the economy of the process depends on the cost effectiveness of the separation process. Solid-liquid equilibrium is most often employed in the separation of the components of process fluids and also industrial effluents. Deals with the theory and the design behind the use of freeze crystallization as a separation process. Freeze crystallization can also be used effectively to recover the traces of organic acids like Acetic Acid and Acrylic Acids, that are present in the industrial effluents.

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020226   Naidu M R;Bhaskara Rao K;Venkatesham K (NO, J.N.T.U., Collge of Engineering, Anantapur) : Innovative microbial polymers - recent developments. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 160.

With the results of petroleum resources slowly getting exhausted worldwide efforts are being made to explore alternative pathways of synthesizing organic molecules. Moreover, lack of biodegradability and economic considerations to generate a more specific target molecule has given bio-technology a mature role to play in the industrial scenario the goal of bio-polymer comes in here to provide promising alternative materials to the growing demand of bio-degradable and cost effective intermediates in food, pharmaceutical, chemical, petro-chemical, naval sectors. An attempt has been made to cover most recent advances in this area stating from the basic principles besides explaining how a bio-polymer gets biodegraded and the mechanism by which they are synthesized. Covers the topics like separation of the polymers accumulated inside the micro-organisms and their purification. Its present industrial scenario in India is its potential as the substitute for synthetic polymers and its future aspects have been given due importance, while dealing with the above topic in sufficient detail. Effort has been made to include the latest developments in the field like the use of bio-diodes in the computers.

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020225   Naidu M R;Bhaskar Rao K;Venkatesham K (Department of Chemical Engineering, J.N.T.U. College of Engineering, Anantapur) : Innovative microbial polymers - recent developments. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 133.

With the results of petroleum resources slowly getting exhausted, worldwide efforts are being made to explore alternative pathways of synthesizing organic molecules. Moreover lack of biodegradability and economic considerations to generate a more specific target molecules has given bio-technology a mature role to play in the industrial scenario. The goal of bio-polymer comes in here to provide promising alternative materials to the growing demand of biodegradable and cost effective intermediates in food, pharmaceutical, chemical, petro-chemical, aerospace, naval sectors. An attempt has been made to cover the most recent advances in this area starting from the basic principles. Besides explaining how a bio-polymer gets biodegraded and the mechanism by which they are synthesized. Discussion covers the topics like separation of the polymers accumulated inside the micro-organisms and their purification. Its present industrial scenario in India, its potential as the substitute for synthetic polymers and its future aspects have been given due importance, while dealing with the above topic in sufficient detail. Effort has been made to include the latest developments in the field, like the use of bio-diodes in the computers.

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020224   naidu B R;Ganga A (Department of Chemical Engineering, Regional Engineering College, Warangal) : Gasoline from micro-organisms. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 172.

With the invention of fire, energy played an important role in the development of mankind throughout history. At the present energy scenario the petroleum is the largest source of energy whose reserves are depleting day by day so the need to evaluate the alternate sources of Hydrocarbons is acquiring due importance in Chemical Engineering Community. A few experiments regarding running of automobiles using vegetables oils like coconut oil, sunflower oil etc. with proper blends of petroleum products are under progress. The field of Biotechnology has spreasd in this field of Engineering to provide hydrocarbons from a special type of Micro Organism. Discusses the production of gasoline by the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons obtained from the microalga, Botryococcus Braunii Berkeley. The conditions for optimising the activity and selectivity of craking on the laboratory scale are also discussed. The yield of gasoline fraction and octane number were sufficiently high for the product oil to be suitable for use directly as an automotive fuel. This high yield and high octane number were attributable to the formation of alkylbenzenes, mainly xylenes and trimethyl benzenes, which will be formed directly by the simple consecutive cracking, cyclo aramatisation of hydrocarbon oils consisting mainly of Botryococcenes (mainly C34 H58).

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020223   Nagaprapurna;Jagadishwar K A;Kalpana V P (Department of Chemical Engineering, C.B.I.T., , Gandipet, Hyderabad-500 071) : Rainwater analysis in a around Hyderabad. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 137.

An attempt has been made to classify the city into five localities; viz, thickly populated residential area, commercial area, industrial area, commercial cum residential area and an unpolluted residential area. Rainwater samples were collected in these specified areas during the monsoon of year 2000 and were analyzed for the various physico-chemical parameters. The study aims to understand the effect of polluted air, either due to vehicular emissions or due to industrial plumes, or the urban storms reaching the soil. These end up as the city ground and surface water source. Discusses the effect of such pollutants laden rain waters on the health of people residing in the areas of study. Though no alkalinity was detected, the pH ranged between 5.9 and 7.7, on par with the urban limits. The total suspended solids were more in commercial cum residential area, due to high vehicular emissons. Dissolved oxygen is low industrial area (0.35 ppm). Total hardness was observed to be comparatively high in commercial cum residential area. The heavy metal ions were below detectable levels.

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020222   Mohanty K (Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302) : Chromate detoxification of the mine waste water. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 146.

Chromium is found in two different forms in the waste streams hexavalent chromium and trivalent chromium. Hexavalent chromium is found in old mining operations, in the waste streams of plating operations, aluminium anodizing, paint and dye operations, and other industries. Trivalent chromium is found in the waste streams of textile dying, the ceramic and glass industries and photography. Chromium III is nutritionally essential, nontoxic and poorly absorbed. Deficiency result in glucose intolerance, unability to use glucose and other metabolic disorders. National Academic of Sciences, USA estimates safe and adequate intake of 0.05 to 0.20 mg/day. On the contrary Chromium VI, is toxic producing liver and kidney damage, internal haemoerrhage, and respiratory disorders. Subchronic and chronic effects include drmatitis and skin ulceration. Chromium VI has been shown to cause cancer in humans and animals through inahalation exposure, but it has not been shown to be carcinogenic through ingestion exposure. The USEPA classified (1986) chromium as a human carcinogen (Group A - Sufficient form Epidemiological Studies), although the proposed MCLG (Maximum Contaminant level Goals) and MCL (Maximum Contaminant level) for total chromium) of 0.1 mg/l are based upon noncancer toxic effets. The WHO and Canadian Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality (1987), EEc Standards for Parameters Concering Toxic substreams, all mention 0.05 mg/l of chromium as the Maximum Allowable Concentration..

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020221   Mohan Das P N;Harikrishna Bhat K;Janaki M E K;Velusamy S;Sasibhooshanan S (Beach Sand Minerals Research, Regional Research Laboratory, Council of Scientific & Industrial Rese, Thiruvananthapuram-695 019) : Development of novel and environment friendly processes for the production of high grade synthetic rutile from ilmenite. Metals Mater Process 2001, 13(2-4), 205-20.

Efforts have been made to get full recovery of iron from iron containing acidic effluents, abatement of environmental pollution and cost reduction. Two process flow sheets which are the most environment friendly and cost effective have been developed for the production of high grade synthetic rutile from ilmenite. One of the processes, after successful pilot plant trials, is under scaling up for the commercial plant while the other process, after proving the feasibility in the laboratory scale is getting scaled up to the pilot plant. Describes the above two processes in addition to other activities related to titanium minerals which include, mineral-chemical investigations on various Indian commercial ilmenite deposite and enhancement of the oxidative removal of iron from metallised ilmenite.

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020220   Malik R K;Saharan B;Singh D (Department of Microbiology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004) : Use of methanogenic consortia from paddy soil for biogas production from cattle waste. Indian J Microbiol 2001, 41(4), 281-3.

Laboratory study in 5L digesters was conducted to determine the effect of methanogenic consortia from paddy soil on biogas production from cattle waste. In daily fed digesters, there was 33 and 6.4% more biogas production and volatile solid degradation using natural paddy soil and pure enriched methanogenic consortia from paddy soil, respectively in comparison to biogas spent slurry as starting inoculum production from cattle waste.

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020219   Kiran V;Sripathi Rao K;Ravindra P (NO, University College of Technology, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500 007) : Bioreduction of hexavalent chromium by applying Phanerocheate Chrysosporium. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 131.

In the bioreduction of hexavalent chromium, the white rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium quantitatively transferred hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI) to trivalent chromium Cr(III). The mycellium of this fungus was homogenized and centrifuged to obtain cell extract supernatant and a membrane pellet. Both these were samples inoculated separately. At regular intervals, the inoculated samples were taken, and treated with pyridine - 2,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDCA) to convert the entire Cr(III) into a Cr(PDCA) - complex, while Cr(VI) remained unreacted as CrO4-. Then the Cr(VI) and the Cr(III) contents were determined colorimetrically . The reduced chromium was predominantly present in the supernatant while the Cr(III) content in the membrane pellet remained almost constant. This suggested that the reduction was carried out by soluble reductase activity.

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020218   Kavita (NO, , ) : Water soluble polymers in waste water treatment. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 145.

Today's world as it is progressing towards the era of artificial intelligence against the law of nature, but still the major problems of pollution, that also water pollution has not yet found its a solution that can also be environmental friendly and also be economic to the industry. After having the full insight on this problem the researchers have come to the conclusion of giving a treatment process that is eco-friendly. In that respect, some of the researches in the field of using polyelectrolytes for waste water treatment as proven to be boon for the chemical and environmental industries and concerns. A sincere effort has been made in for the detailed discussion on the electro kinetic and the using mechanism of the polyelectrolyte especially the polyacrylamide as it is the widely used water soluble polymer in waste water treatment. A quick look on the other important uses of polyacrylamide has also been done. In detail the manufacturing of polyacrylamide in the laboratory by the use of free radical polymerization has also been presented.

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020217   Karthik G;Saraboje R (NO, Dr. M.G.R. Engineering College, Madhuravoyal, Chennai-600 102) : Diffused air - a superior alternative for aeration and mixing in waste water treatment facilities. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 161.

Diffused aeration has been employed in wastewater treatment since the turn of this century. The technology did not become popular until recently due to severe limitations caused by the physical characterstics of the hardware itself.

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020216   Karthik G;Panchapakesan N (NO, Dr. M.G.R. Engineering College, Madhuravoyal, Chennai-602 102) : Application of membrane technology in waste water treatment. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 142.

Developments in Membrane Technology have offered promising alternatives in wastewater treatments for chemical industries. The development of appropriate polymer membranes useful in reverse osmosis and ultra filtration still remains to be a challenge. Development of membranes having high flux, high life which work at low pressure with more selectivity, will be greatly acceptated by engineers as it can achieve environmental reduction in large volumes of wastewater to be treated; recovery of chemicals and better recycling of treated water. In line and end of pipe application of various membrane technology based systems have been discussed.

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020215   Karthick S D;Sundar P (Department of Chemical Engineering, A.C. Tech, , Chennai) : Polymers in health care. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 171.

Brings out the recent advancements made in the field of polymer in health care. Polymer, macromolecules have so far been used only as plastic bags or nylon fibres, but bring out the amazing usage of polymers in various fields of biomedicine such as in making artifical organs, drugs, delivery systems, tissue engineering, cardiovascular systems, orthopedics, ophthalmology an so on. The basic criteria for the selection of polymeric materials in biomedicinal researches are biodegradability and biocompatibility. It should also be sterilizable and should not induce any toxic response.

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020214   Kannan K;Saravanan K;Deepa S (Department of Chemical Engineering, Kongu Engineering, Erode Sengunthar Engineering College, Perundurai-638 052) : Scale-up relationship fox fixing operations in food processing industries. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 166.

In scaling-up from laboratory-size mixers to full-scale plant-dize mixers, one is generally interested in obtaining the same or comparable process results in the plant unit as obtained in the laboratory unit. Although the scale-up procedures are simple an easy to use, they should be used only where there limitations are fully understood. Unfortunately, this rather difficult task, which usually requires a basic understanding of the mixing process. Often, and especially in chemical reactors, several factors are important in the mixing operations, and no single factor can be isolated for the purpose of determining a dominant scale-up mechanism. Consequently, one must always use good judgement to properly select the limiting process result or results to be considered during scale-up. Very frequently, the experimental program must be specifically designed to determine the process results, which are critical from scale-up standpoint.

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020213   Kamleshwari M;Vadivu P M (NO, , ) : Biocatalytic sulphur removal from fossil fuels. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 133.

Attempt to review the biotechnological pathways for mitigation of environment problems related to organic sulphur in fossil fuels, the current status of biodesulphurisation technology, commercial application and its world-wide acceptance when compared conventional desulphurisation. Also throws light on the future prospects of microbial approach towards other application in petroleum industry.

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020212   Kalawathi D F;Uma L;Subramanian G (National Facility for Marine Cyanobacteria, , Tiruchirapalli-620 024) : Ossein wastes, a potential source of biofuel. Indian J Microbiol 2001, 41(4), 319-20.

Possibility of generation of biofuel, methane from ossein (decalcified bone) solid waste has been explored for the first time. Solid wastes of ossein industry consisting of sines (fibrous protein) and grease in the proportion of 1:1 formed an ideal substrate for methane, and the concentration of methane generated was 72%. Biomethanation of this substrate not only disposes solid waste but also yields high quality of biofuel which can be utilized to partially meet the fuel requirement for drying of bones in the same industry.

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020211   John P;Thyagarajan P (Food Processing and Preservation Technology, University College of Technology, Osmania University, Hyderabad) : Production of quality compost from grape industry waste. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 141.

Energy consideration and environmental concern have increased interest in the treatment of high BOD and COD spent wash and other grape industry waste like grape pomace, yeast sludge and other toxic materials. Studies a cost effective and eco friendly method to use this harmful waste and produce quality compost within a span of 45 days. Compost is a bio-fertilizers widely used as a substitute for synthetic fertilizers due to its cost effectiveness, easy availability and bio-friendly nature. Composting is a process which could be applied to any distillary or sugar factor to reduce BOD load caused by spent wash and yeast sludge thereby reducing the maintenance cost of existing system. Also biofertilizers are in good demand for agriculture to maintain soil fertility and other soil parameters favorable to crops.

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020210   jayarajah A;Krishnaveni N (NO, , ) : Persistent organic pollutants. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 142.

Objective is to provide environmental sources and analysis. This environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are fascinating scale environmental transport issues.

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020209   Ingole N W;Bhole A G (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Badnera, Distict Amravati-440 701) : Effect of activators and inhibitors on bio-gas production from water Hyacinth. J Instn Engrs-Pt EN 2002, 82(Mar), 54-9.

Anaerobic treatment process is being recognized as simple and energy-efficient means of treating and stabilizing different types of wastes. The process uses relatively simple equipment to directly produce a usual fuel and finds application in a variety of industries. The anaerobic digestion process seems to be ripe for further application. However, expert knowledge of activation of process, digestion inhibition and failures seems to be lacking. An addition work is required to deal with toxicity problems in anaerobic waste treatment. The purpose of this study is to observed the effect of small quantity of activators such as ammonium chloride, ammonium sulphate and urea on yield of bio-gas and to determine the effect of inhibitors on system parameter(s), which signals the onset of digestion failure. it is further aimed that quantitative limits could be established for the inhibitors, which could be tolerated by anaerobic system, without ill effects. It was also observed that a small quantity, i.e. 1 g of activators increases the gas yield considerably. It was observed that amonium sulphate happens to be the best activator and gives maximum gas yield of 107.50 l/kg of dried water hyacinth followed by ammonium chloride and urea yielding 68.10 l/kg and 49.60 l/kg, respectively, which was higher than 38.21 l/kg in control digester without activator. Copper was found to be the inhibitor which inhibits the process at a concentration of 125 mg/l only.

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020208   Haribabu P;Reddy K R (Department of Chemical Engineering, C.B.I.T, , Gandipet, Hyderabad-500 075) : Measurement of flyash and bottom ash flow rates from a circulating fluidized bed boiler. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 137.

Measurement of the flow rates of fly ash and bottom ash from a circulating fludized (CFB) boiler has a number of uses. Among these are the requirements of boiler performance testing, the developing of particle population models for assessing key chemical interactions taking place in the combustion chamber, and the partitioning of key species between fly ash and bottom ash. Identification of partitioning of key species between fly ash and bottom ash (combustibles, calcium sulfur) can lead to improvements in key parameters of boiler operation. Current methods for computing the flow rates of these ash streams include, the measurement of the flow rate of feed solids, one ash stream flow rate, and interference of other from a material balance. This effort is intensive and as such, not routinely feasible. Offered method for computing the flow rates of ash streams through measurement of the solid feed rates to the system, and solving material balance around inorganic solids (total ash), calcium, and/or sulpur, using these material balances as a simple set of simultaneous equations. This method permits the calculation of the ash stream flow rates without the direct measurement of either, and can be practiced on routine basis.

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020207   Haribabu P;Reddy K R (Department of Chemical Engineering, C.B.I.T, , Gandipet, Hyderabad-500 075) : Sustainability : waste minimization, green chemistry and inherently safer processing. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 137.

Websters New Collegiate Dictionary defines sustainable as "maintain, or cause to continue, inexistence or a certain state." The word "sustainable' is now used to define a world that is able to "maintain in existence" all life that now exists. To atain that goal, human activities will need to change. Waste minimization Green chemistry and inherently safer processes all seek to manufacture chemicals in a environmentally sustainable way by reducing waste generation, minizing the impact of chemicals of chemical processes on the environment and the public, and minizing any hazards to the workers. Discuss the synergies among these concepts. The three disciplines must better coordinate these efforts to capitalize on the total teachings, develop and retrofit manufacturing processes using the best technologies, and ensure the highest return projects. In the end, the ultimate chemical process will produce a non-toxic, recyclable or easily biodegradable product that meets society needs, produces no waste, in inherently safer, and uses renewable feed materials.

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020206   Gupta A;Bharati P (NO, , ) : Pervaporation - prospects and performance for waste water treatment. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 141.

Liquid product mixtures must fulfill the high purity requirements as well as effluents, therefore they have to be concentrated or reconditioned. Usually high energetic efforts are required. At the same time, in the process of product - integrated environmental protection, liquid substances should be separated specifically from the main stream, either to save raw materials, to prevent or to minimize the disposal of effluents or to recycle the by -product

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020205   Gnana C G;Prakash B G (Department of Chemical Engineering, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai) : Water pollution control by water Hyacinth. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 139.

Just over a century ago, water hyacinth, the only free floating member of the family pontederiaceae, was first carried by man outside its native home for its enchantingly beautiful flowers. Since then perhaps no other aquatic plant has received greater attention than water hyacinth around the world. From a botanical curiosity, the plant grew into a nuisance throughout the warmer parts of the globe. It has demonstrated its flighting qualities defeating man in all his efforts to bring the menacing plant under control and, during past few years, it has started changing hearts of man who now considers it an useful plant. Here in this project the existing performance of the effluent treatment plant is suitably increased by the use of the water hyacinth plants. The improvement shown are tabulated and discussed in detail with the analytical lab report.

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020204   Giri R;Sangeethkrishnan J (NO, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608 002) : Azeotropic distillation columns - an optical design. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 160.

Geometric methods are valuable tools for process synthesis and design since they provide designers with intuition and quantitative results. The calculation and graphical representation of azeotropes, residues curves and distillation boundaries provide a wealth of knowledge about the entire composition space. Shows these tools can be used for optimal design of complex azeotropic distillation columns. Two examples of the design of distillation systems of industrial importance are shown. In the first example, the second feed location of a two-feed distillation column with a top decanter is optimized. In the second example, the side stream draw-stage location of a distillation column with a top decanter and a side stream draw is optimized. In both cases, a feasible and near optimal structure has been designed based on information obtained by examining the whole composition space.

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020203   Gangu A S;Yashasvi A (NO, University College of Technology, Osmania University, Hyderabad) : Reactive distillation : an improvised way of producing methy tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 162.

One of the important of reactive distillation is in production of MTBE. Computer simulation of the process was carried out with certain feed and operating conditions. Isobutene conversion was found to be different in the two steady states observed in the process. It was high in reactive section at relatively low temperature and low at relatively high temperature in reactive section. The effect of different parameters like methanol feed tray location, reflux ratio, amount of catalyst and the role of inerts on the overall conversion and product purity were analyzed.

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020202   Deepa S;Pandian E S (Chemical Engineering Department, Arunai Engineering College, Tiruvannamalai-606 603) : Hydrotropism : a novel technique for separation of organic close boiling mixtures. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 163.

Separation of close boiling mixtures in an Energy intensive operation, for the third component has to be again separated from the new mixture. A novel technique `Hydrotropism' offers and Energy independent process for separation of organic close boiling mixtures. Hydrotropes are organic salts which when present in the aqueous solutions can substantially enhance the solubilities of a variety of hydrotropic organic substances in the aqueous phase. The hydrotropes exhibit hydrotropic property only above minimal hydrotrope concentration (MHC) and on dilution loses the property. This principle can be effectively tapped to separate the close boiling mixtures. Presents a introduction to the separation technique and and explores some industrial application of the same.

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020201   Das S;Ajayaghosh A;Gopidas K R;Ramaiah D; George Thomas K (Photochemistry Research Unit, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Thiruvananthapuram-695 019) : Organo-based materials for photonic applications. Metals Mater Process 2001, 13(2-4), 351-60.

Describes some of the research work carried out at the Photochemistry Research Unit of the Regional Research Laboratory, Trivandrum on the development of materials for various photonic applications. The systems described include studies on photoinduced electron transfer processes in organic, inorganic and semiconductor materials with potential applications in solar energy conversion, development of materials for applications in electrooptics including photoswitchable liquid crystals, photochromics and low band gap polymers and photosensitizers and photonucleases for biomedical applications.

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020200   Chakraborty S;Purkait M;Dasgupta S;De S;Basu J K (Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur-721 302) : Treatment of textile plant effluent using cross flow nanofiltration. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 142.

Membrane based separation process (nanofiltration) is used to separate dyes from a textile plant effluent. The specific dyes are reactive black dye and reactive red dye. An organic membrane with molecular weight cut-off 400 is used for the experiments. The experiments are conducted in a rectangular cross flow cell. It has been observed that the system reaches steady state quickly. Separations up to 95% and 93% of the two dyes are achieved respectively. The separation of the dye(s) are studied as functions of operating parameters, e.g. trans-membrane pressure, dye concentration in the feed and cross flow velocity.

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020199   Bijili P;Anitha C (Dr. M.G.R. Engineering College, , Chennai) : Biodegradable polymers. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 131.

Polymers are synthetic and natural macromolecules composed of smaller units called monomers. Many synthetic polymers are produced and utilized because they are resistant to chemical and physical degradation. These polymers resistant to degradation present disposal problems when their usefulness ceases. Describes current research focusing on the production of biodegradable polymers. Research has shown that substitution of natural monomers into synthetic polymers produces polymers that are more easily biodegraded; however such polymers lack properties, such as water resistance, that make current polymers so useful. Future biodegradable polymers must overcome such physical problems as well as lower their costs of production, which currently limit the economic feasibility of such polymers.

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020198   Bhaskar R;Memon A;Murthy Z V P (Department of Chemical Engineering, S.V. Regional College of Engineering and Technology, Ichchanath, Surat-395 007) : Modeling of ammonia dispersion. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 110.

Deals with an explosion of ammonia from its storage tank that might happen due to a earthquake or any other impact loading which releases toxic gas into atmosphere and its dispersion. Using the PASOUILL-GIFFORD puff dispersion model, the authors have calculated the concentration of the toxic in saving the general community. A computer program is being writted by which one can calculate the distance up to what time, under the different conditions mentioned above. Various rescue options can be used based on the predictions of toxic release model such as develop an emergency plant to evacuate surrounding community, develop engineering modifications to eliminate the source of release, reduce inventories of hazardous materials to reduce the quantity of released, etc.

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020197   Baskaran, Denver S;Surrao D;Jagadeesh S (NO, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai) : Treatment of pharmaceutical industrial process waste water using the extractive membrane bioreactor. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 138.

Describes the performance characterization of the extractive membrane Bioreactor (EMB) when treating pharmaceutical industry process wastewater contaminated with Dichloromethane (DCM). Extractive Membrane Bioreactor technology, which employs extraction and biodegradation in a single step, as proved a potential alternative for the treatment of harsh in-organic waste streams contaminated with organic compounds. It is particularly successful for the destruction of toxic Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) such as Dichloromethane. A mixed culture was enriched to achieve completely biodegradation of Dichloromethane and total mineralization was conformed by measurement of stoichiometric chloride release. The laboratory Extractive Membrane Bioreactor was fed the process wastewater without any pre-treatment or dilution and was operator for 16 days with removal Δ 95% for the entire period of operation.

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020196   Baskaran;Surrao D;Jagadeesh S (NO, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai) : DMPAR 21st century - effluent treatment process. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 138.

In practice all the industries and refineries have effluent treatment plant, to which effluent from the whole refinery or industry are collected. In this plants, effleunts undergoes several physical, chemical and biological treatments. Some parts of the treated effluents may use for fire hydrant supply. But most of them were disposed into the sea. Instead of disposal of treated effluents into the sea, by adopting some advanced processes it suggests, it can be used for special purposes such as boiler feed water. Process water etc. effluents should undergo coagulation with alum and polyelectrolyte (Coagulating aid) and sulphide treatment with ferric chloride followed by multimedia filtration. Then the filtrate should undergo a photo chemical oxidation, Hydrogen peroxide a powerful oxidant, which is catalyzed by ultra violet rays oxidizes the organic and inorganic contaminants present in it, in order to decrease the Chemically Oxygen Demand value to the desired level and to decolorize the effluent. Effluent from photochemical oxidation unit should undergo adsorption with activated carbon filtration in order to remove the byproduct of oxidation and excess of hydrogen peroxide present in it. Then the effluent should undergo osmosis in order to reduce the Total Dissolved Solids level..

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020195   Banumathy G;Charumathy A (NO, St. Joseph College of Engineering, Jeppiar Nagar, Chennai-600 119) : Sepration of boron isotopes. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 159.

Two isotopes of boron namely B10 and B1¹ can be separated and enriched in the process of ion exchange chromatography, two or more constituents of a sample can be separated from each other more or less completely by virtue of the difference in their ratio between a stationary phase and mobile phase in intimate contact with each other. Presents a discussion based on experiment column studies. Strong base Anionic resin has been used for the ion exchange chromatographic separation of a compound. The system was felt prepared for the ion exchange process and the resin is converted into its hydroxide form. The technique of displacement development method is used for the separation of Boron isotopes. The resin is converted into its hydroxide form by pre treatment with four cycles of 1N-NaOH-Dmwater-1NHCl-Dmwater. 10% of the total resin is charged with boric acid. 0.1N HCl is used as the displacing agent or displacer for the displacement of Boric acid band. The samples are collected from the effluent when boric acid appears, it was titrated against 0.1N NaOH for finding the concentration of boric acid as well as HCl using phenolphthalein and methyl orange as indicators respectively. The concentration of boric acid and HCl was determined by titrimetric means and the exit concentration versus time curve were obtained as expected with low concentration.

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020194   Ayyanna N;Ravi Kumar P (Department of Chemical Engineering, Regional Engineering College, Warangal-560 004) : New absorption refrigeration cycle using solar energy. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 162.

Conventional sources of energy are being rapidly depleted. To face this challenging situation, one has to utilize non-conventional energy sources in a most efficient manner. India being a tropical country, one has to focus on the utilisation of solar energy. Solar refrigeration is one of the most effective applications of solar energy. Deals with present developments in solar energy refrigeration field. Although many kinds of these systems were developed and studied some disadvantages in traditional systems like, Low C.O.P, and strict demand on heat supply both in quality and quantity, i.e. variation in Refrigeration capacity, high operational costs, have not been overcome yet. Discusses the new type of absorption refrigeration cycle that is co-driven both by solar energy and electricity. The principle of a heat transfer was applied to the absorption refrigeration system to increase its efficiency. A thermodynamic model describing the performance of the new cycle was developed and evaluated. The results show that the new cycle not only overcomes short comings of the traditional absorption cycle with unsteady energy input form a variable source such as solar energy but also increases the system's coefficient of performance.

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020193   Arun Kumar D;Prakash M S (NO, , ) : Production of undistilled alcoholic beverage from waste paper. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 166.

Conventional raw material for the manufacture of undistilled alcoholic beverage is malted barley. Waste paper which produced by chemical process are economical and eco-friendly substitute source for the malted barley.

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020192   Anbarasan R;Sarfaraz A K (Department of Chemistry, Priyadarshini Engineering College, Vaniyambadi-635 751) : Peroxydisulphate initiated polymerisation of aniline in perchloric acid medium. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 170.

Polymerization of aniline was carried out under nitrogen atmosphere by using conventional peroxydisulphate as an chemical oxidant in perchloric acid medium. The rate of polymerization was determined for different concentrations of monomer and oxidizing agent. The polymer was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis and conductivity measurements.

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020191   Amirthavalli V;Sivagami K (Department of Chemical Engineering, , Dr. N.N.C.E., Tholudur) : Food processing. Proc Indian Chem Engng Congr 2001, 54, 169.

Deals on the topics of tests to identify gelling in ultra high temperature milk, analysing urea content in adulterated milk, valuable milk components, casein analyzer to detect casein and fat in milk, rules amended to improve the quality of milk products, milk based drugs for haemophilics, new packaging for milk powder and also about bulk packaging revolution, and new double bag system.

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019089   United Phosphorus Limited (NO, , Uniphos House, C.D. Marg, Khar (West), Mumbai-400 052) : Improved process for the preparation of a synergistic insecticidal composition of cypermethrin and quinalphos. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

019088   The Procter & Gamble Company (NO, , One Procter & Gamble Plaza, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202, USA) : Coated peroxyacid bleach pecursor compositions. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

019087   Testor Corporation (NO, , 620, Buckbee, Rockford, Illinois 61104, USA) : Paint pouch fitting. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

019086   Tateho Chemical Industries Co. Ltd (NO, , 974, Azakato, Kariya, Ako-Shi, Hyogo, 678-02, Japan) : Process of producing a metal hydroxide solid solution. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

019085   Tate & Lyle Public Limited Company (NO, , Sugar Quay, Lower Thames Street, London EC 3 R 6DQ, United Kingdom) : Process for extraction of sucrose. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

019084   Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd (NO, , ACME Plaza, Andheri-Kurla Road, Andheri (E), Mumbai-400 059) : Process for converting stereoisomers of sertraline into sertraline. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

019083   Standard Oil Company (NO, , 200 Public Square, 39-G, Cleveland, Ohio-4114-2375, USA) : Improved process for the manufacture of acrylonitrile by elimination of waste material during manufacture of acrylonitrile. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).

019082   Siemens Aktiengesellschaft (NO, , Wittelsbacherplatz 2, 80333 Muenchen, Germany) : Article having protective system and a method of manufacture thereof. 0000, (NULL), (NULL).